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Flyers, Penguins renew rivalry NHL let go dormant
The Flyers have two teams left this season that they haven't faced yet: the Arizona Coyotes … and their biggest rival.
Flyers, Penguins renew rivalry NHL let go dormant The Flyers have two teams left this season that they haven't faced yet: the Arizona Coyotes … and their biggest rival. Check out this story on delawareonline.com: https://delonline.us/1RAzyJQ
Dave Isaac, Cherry Hill (N.J.) Courier-Post Published 6:50 p.m. ET Jan. 20, 2016 | Updated 9:28 p.m. ET Jan. 20, 2016
Jakub Voracek is upended by Pittsburgh's Rob Scuderi in January 2015.(Photo: Getty Images)
PHILADELPHIA - The NHL has screwed up plenty recently, from blundering their All-Star festivities with fan voting to its constant inconsistency with suspensions.
One more inadequacy came months ago when schedules were being booked.
The Flyers have two teams left this season that they haven't faced yet: the Western Conference's Arizona Coyotes … and their biggest rival.
Thursday marks the Flyers' 45th game of the season and finally they'll play the Pittsburgh Penguins. It will end a streak of 291 days since they last played against one another.
Think the hatred has diminished at all in that time?
Uh, no.
Even if it had, the Flyers will likely come out Thursday angry after the way they gave away a game Tuesday night.
"Obviously, we didn't play the way we wanted to play [Tuesday], and we have to put this one behind us, learn from it, watch video and find the things we did wrong out there and figure it out quickly," Matt Read said after the Flyers dropped a 3-2 decision to the Toronto Maple Leafs on Tuesday night. "If we play like that, it's going to be a rough next couple of games for us."
Somehow, the Penguins game figures to be different.
The Flyers have won eight consecutive regular-season games against their cross-state rival and are 11-1-1 in Consol Energy Center since it opened. That's not to say Thursday's game is a layup. Hardly.
In the past couple seasons, the Flyers have become a trendy team. The one that spelled their demise Tuesday was playing poorly against teams beneath them in the standings. They are now 1-6-2 against six of the NHL's seven worst teams, something they similarly did last season.
Another trend seems to be showing up when it matters most. The Flyers have bounced back after lopsided losses so far this season. After losing by six goals in the second game of the season, they got revenge on the Florida Panthers two nights later with a shutout.
Following an 0-for-3 trip to California, the Flyers won four in a row and had points in six straight games. That streak ended Tuesday with the loss to Toronto.
Now the Flyers look to start a new one against a team that they typically get rough against. Typically well-mannered Jake Voracek has gotten game misconducts in two of the last three meetings against the Penguins.
"It's been that way for a long time, and I don't see it changing," Pittsburgh captain Sidney Crosby told reporters after the Penguins' practice Wednesday. "Hopefully we can bounce back from our last game – we did some good things – and pick up from there. We have to understand this a big rivalry, and we have to raise our game here."
So do the Flyers. They could use a shot in the arm on their 27th-ranked power play, which tends to do well against Pittsburgh. In all but one of the last 12 meetings the Flyers have had at least one power-play goal, including three in their last meeting, a 4-1 win.
From the Flyers' perspective, playing the Penguins is a great chance to make up for a game no one in their locker room was pleased with on Tuesday. They're hoping it's just a | [
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Thousands stand for a kinder M'sia
By CLARISSA SAY and LIM MAY LEE
Monday, 16 Apr 2018
Nation 19 Oct 2020
Stars lend shine in drive for kindness
AseanPlus News 8h ago
Anti-porn campaign yields results
SHAH ALAM: Over 6,000 people showed up to call for a kinder Malaysia and celebrate Malaysia's inaugural National Kindness Week at the #StandTogether Carnival at Setia City Convention Centre.
Numerous celebrities and VIPs turned up to support the cause, including Lisa Surihani, Harith Iskander, Arwind Kumar, Ismail Izzani and Deputy Education Minister Datuk P. Kamalanathan.
"There are some things that I will regret but I will never regret picking up that call from Tan Sri," said Kamalanathan, referring to the call he received from SP Setia chairman Tan Sri Dr Wan Mohd Zahid Mohd Noordin to support the campaign.
"When I heard about the launch of the #StandTogether campaign late last year, I thought it was timely for someone to take up this cause.
"The ministry will fully support this campaign, and should all go well, we will recognise every first week of April as National Kindness Week," he said yesterday.
The carnival featured games, food trucks, an all-star self-defence demo by ONE Championship fighters, a cyberbullying prevention talk by Digi, a virtual reality experience by Petrosains and a blind football demonstration.
It all culminated with the very first #StandTogether Kindness Concert, where Ismail, Rabbit Mac, Talitha Tan and Nik Qistina performed, and the top 10 student-led "kindness projects" from across the country were presented by the students.
SM Sanzac's project was deemed the best by the judges, and the school was given the title of "Malaysia's Kindest School".
"Not only was it fun to participate in National Kindness Week, we're already starting to see positive changes in our schoolmates," said one of its students Nursalwani Sabdani, 17.
"Students are now more encouraging towards each other, and appreciating each other and the people around us more. I've noticed more of us saying 'thank you' to the canteen workers, thanks to our Kindness Box activities."
The National Kindness Week was mooted by property developer SP Setia and R.AGE last year as part of its #StandTogether campaign, in response to a spate of horrific bullying cases in schools.
The campaign quickly gained support from celebrities and various partner organisations, including Unicef Malaysia, Digi, Petrosains, Teach For Malaysia, Study Hub Asia, and 100% Project, which formed the organising committee of #StandTogether alongside SP Setia and R.AGE.
"It's exciting to see the climax of the campaign with everyone who helped to make it possible today," said Star Media Group's group managing director and chief executive officer Datuk Seri Wong Chun Wai.
"It's also so satisfying to see such a large turnout of all ages and races," he said.
One of the most prominent figures in the campaign was Dr Wan Mohd Zahid, who personally championed the cause by visiting schools and advocating for the kindness week with the ministry.
"As an educationist, I'm so moved by what has happened in this campaign. I'd like to thank Datuk Seri Wong Chun Wai for his, and Star Media Group's, support," said Dr Wan Mohd Zahid.
Teacher Shirley Tan from SM USJ 12 lauded the ministry's support of the campaign.
"I am 100% for #StandTogether to be part of the school calendar.
"It shows the ministry's determination to make kindness an ongoing effort because this can't be a touch-and-go thing," she said.
However, Tan emphasised the parents' role in ensuring kindness became part of the nation's consciousness.
"Teachers and the ministry are agents of change but parents also have to inculcate positive values in their children.
"It's wonderful for the ministry to make things official but it | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.357368 | -1.367222 | -0.324904 | 0.541115 |
Q: Method of averaging velocities of electron when deriving drift velocity Here is derivation of drift velocity.
Assume there is a field $\vec{E}$ inside the conductor(wire).
Using equations of motion we can say that for every charge inside the conductor, $$\vec{v_1}=\vec{u_1}+\frac{\vec{E}e}{m}t_1$$ $$\vec{v_2}=\vec{u_2}+\frac{\vec{E}e}{m}t_2$$ $$.$$ $$.$$ $$.$$ $$\vec{v_n}=\vec{u_n}+\frac{\vec{E}e}{m}t_n$$
where $t_1,t_2,...t_n$ are the relaxation times.
Summing them and dividing by the number of charge particles($N$) we get, $$\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{\vec{v_i}}{N}=\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{\vec{u_i}}{N}+\frac{\vec{E}e}{m}\sum_{i=1}^n \frac {t_i}{N}$$
Since initial velocities are random $$\sum_{i=1}^n\vec{u_i}=0.$$ Thus we get,
$$\vec{v_d} = \frac{\vec{E}e}{m}\tau.$$
My question is why do we use relaxation time instead of using $\Delta t$ and then averaging the velocity as time interval for all electron's velocity in the wire?
As Wikipedia states "drift velocity is the average velocity attained by charged particles, such as electrons, in a material due to an electric field". So shouldn't we use change in very small time instead of using relaxation time?
Here's the link https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drift_velocity#:~:text=In%20physics%2C%20a%20drift%20velocity,an%20average%20velocity%20of%20zero.
A: Average velocity
As Wikipedia states "drift velocity is the average velocity attained by charged particles, such as electrons, in a material due to an electric field". So shouldn't we use change in very small time instead of using relaxation time?
Averaging can be done only over a finite time interval - taking a very small interval $\Delta t$ and then taking it to zero would produce an instantaneous velocity - we will have learned nothing new from it. In practice, one often averages quantities over physically small time (or physically small volume, as in the case of elasticity or continuous electrodynamics). This time should be sufficiently short on the experimental time scale, but long on the microscopic time scale. In other words, e.g., if we are looking at the ac current, the averaging time should be much smaller than the period of the ac oscillations, but this would likely still be much longer than the time between electron collisions with lattice or other electrons.
How averaging is done in practice
There are different ways how averaging can be done within Drude-like models of conductivity:
*
*Ad-hoc scattering time One assumes that the times between collision events are all equal to the mean scattering time $\tau$. That is, the velocity just before the scattering even is
$$\mathbf{v}=\mathbf{u}+\frac{e\mathbf{E}\tau}{m}.$$
*Poisson process One can asume that the probability of an interval $t$ between collisions is given by $$P(t)=\frac{1}{\tau}e^{-\frac{t}{\tau}},$$
calculate the electron velocity assuming scattering at times $t_1,t_2...$, and then average over the above probability distribution. This produces the same result as the previous approach, but allows also for calculating more complicated quantities (such as distribution of velocities around the drift velocity, i.e., the noise).
The approach discussed in the OP is somewhere between these two, with
$$\tau = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^N t_i}{N}$$
*Hydrodynamic approach/diffusion One could use hydrodynamic approach, where the drift velocity is described by the Newton's equation
$$
m\dot{\mathbf{v}}=-\frac{m\mathbf{v}}{\tau}+e\mathbf{E}.
$$
Here $1/\tau$ plays the role of the effective friction coefficient due to electron being scattered multiple times.
This produces the same result as the above approaches. One | [
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A UFO is a directory representing font data with one or more glyph layers.
The terms "must", "must not", "required", "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "recommended", "may", and "optional" used throughout this specification conform to RFC 2119.
A font editor that uses UFO as its native file format.
A tool that allows for importing data from or exporting data to a UFO.
A programming library for reading or writing UFO data.
A script for modifying a UFO.
layercontents.plist Glyphs directory name to layer name mapping.
glyphs* A directory containing a glyph set representing a layer.
glyphs*/contents.plist File name to glyph name mapping.
glyphs*/layerinfo.plist Information about the layer.
images A directory containing images referenced by glyphs.
data Arbitrary custom data in a quantity or structure that can't be stored in lib.plist.
The UFO supports layered glyphs. These layers can be used for anything—the common foreground+background drawing environment, multi-layered fonts, glyph revision history and so on. The layering structure is designed to be conceptually unrestricted.
Layers are implemented with a series of glyph sets within the UFO. Each glyph set represents one layer for all glyphs in the font. Each glyph set is stored in its own "glyphs" directory. There is one required glyph set that represents the primary outline source of the glyph. This glyph set should be stored in the "glyphs" directory. Additional layers are stored in other directories as defined in the layercontents.plist documentation.
A character to glyph mapping for the UFO may be created by skimming the GLIF files in the required layer and retrieving the first Unicode element, if present. There is no guarantee that a single Unicode value will not be used in more than one GLIF. All authoring tools may handle these conflicts in their own particular way. Likewise, a glyph with the same name in more than one layer may have different Unicode values in each layer. Authoring tools using the native file model should maintain the different Unicode values. Import/expert model authoring tools may or may not retain the Unicode values on the layers that are not the required layer. All of this should be done in accordance with the policies outlined in the Authoring Tool Guidelines.
In general, there have been many editorial changes that don't affect the content. The term "authoring tool" has been used to make the references to applications, scripts, etc. consistent. Various conformance statements were modified to make them consistent with RFC 2119.
This list is for reference only as it may leave some changes out. The sub-sections of the specification overrule this list.
The formatVersion was bumped to 3.
Support for specific name id, platform, platform encoding and language name table entries was added.
Support for WOFF metadata was added.
The value types for the following keys were clarified to be more consistent with the specifications they reference: versionMinor, unitsPerEm, openTypeHeadLowestRecPPEM, openTypeHheaAscender, openTypeHheaDescender, openTypeHheaLineGap, openTypeHheaCaretOffset, openTypeOS2WeightClass, openTypeOS2WinAscent, openTypeOS2WinDescent, openTypeOS2TypoAscender, openTypeOS2TypoDescender, openTypeOS2TypoLineGap, openTypeOS2WinAscent, openTypeOS2WinDescent, openTypeOS2SubscriptXSize, openTypeOS2SubscriptYSize, openTypeOS2SubscriptXOffset, openTypeOS2SubscriptYOffset, openTypeOS2SuperscriptXSize, openTypeOS2SuperscriptYSize, openTypeOS2SuperscriptXOffset, openTypeOS2SuperscriptYOffset, openTypeOS2StrikeoutSize, openTypeOS2StrikeoutPosition, openTypeVheaVertTypoAscender, openTypeVheaVertTypoDescender, openTypeVheaVertTypoLineGap and openTypeVheaCaretOffset.
Support for font-level guidelines was added.
Support for the gasp table was added.
Behavior with regard to kerning groups was defined.
Added a mechanism for standardizing group names.
Added information about writing direction.
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Manuscripts – The Alfred Sonnenstrahl Papers, 1946-1995
Manuscripts - The Alfred Sonnenstrahl Papers, 1946-1995
King Jordan Student Academic Center 1255
MSS 210
Sonnenstrahl, Alfred, 1935-
The Alfred Sonnenstrahl Papers, 1946-1995
Gallaudet University Archives
Repository: Gallaudet University Archives
Call No.: MSS 210
Creator: Sonnenstrahl, Alfred, 1935-
Title: The Alfred Sonnenstrahl Papers, 1946-1995
Quantity: 6 ½ boxes (3.5 linear feet)
Abstract: Papers of Alfred Sonnenstrahl, deaf engineer and advocate in the fields of telecommunications, employment, mental health, and gerontology. Bulk of collection is correspondence, clippings, reports and papers, and photographs.
Note: This document last updated December 2015.
Acquisition Information: Donated to the Archives by Alfred Sonnenstrahl, 1997.
Processed By: Christopher Shea, December 2015.
Processing Note:
Conditions on Use and Access: This collection is open to the public with no restrictions. Photocopies may be made for scholarly research.
Related Material in Archives
Half figure pose of Alfred Sonnenstrahl [photograph]. Gallaudet University Archives, call number: Portraits
Head and shoulder pose of Alfred Sonnenstrahl [photograph]. Gallaudet University Archives, call number: Portraits
Sonnenstrahl, Alfred. Gallaudet University Archives, call number: Deaf Biographical
Born 1935 in New York City to deaf parents, Alfred Sonnenstrahl was educated at the New York School for the Deaf and at the hearing Stuyvesant School, an advanced college preparatory institution. This training helped him enter New York University in 1954 and graduate with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1958. During this time he married a Gallaudet student, Deborah Belle Meranski, and after graduation they had two children, Samuel and Beth.
Sonnenstrahl spent his early career as a civilian engineer in the Department of the Navy, helping to design ventilation, piping, and propulsion systems for ships and submarines. From 1964 to 1968, he served on the National Association of the Deaf Civil Service Committee, where his work helped thousands of deaf people find jobs in the postal service. In 1968, he attended the Leadership Training Program at San Fernando Valley State College (now California State University at Northridge), graduating with a master's degree in administration and supervision. Leaving engineering behind, he focused his work on the rights of the deaf, particularly in employment and support.
Through the 1970s, he worked in several different positions, including serving as a placement consultant on the Michigan Employment Security Commission, the state coordinator of deaf programs on the Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission, and the director of the Petra Howard House, an institution for mentally ill deaf in Minneapolis. His work led to the creation of agencies such as the Massachusetts Office of Deafness, the Massachusetts State Association of the Deaf, and AT&T's Operator Services for the Deaf. He also worked with institutions such as the US Postal Service and Chrysler Corporation to find jobs for the deaf.
During the late 1980s and 1990s, the field of telecommunications was changing swiftly due to new developments in telecommunications technology, the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and the breakup of monolithic telephone companies and ensuing deregulation. Sonnenstrahl became executive director of Telecommunications for the Deaf Inc. (TDI) in 1987, and was deeply involved in making sure that the deaf had access to these new developments. He was involved in drafting Title II and Title IV of the ADA, which provided for equal access to emergency services for the deaf and the creation of nationwide relay services. He went on to found the task force that was the predecessor of the FDA's Disability Rights Office.
For his efforts on behalf of the deaf, | [
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Sonnenstrahl received the Gallaudet University Alumni Association's Laurent Clerc Award in 2014.
This collection mostly covers two parts of Sonnenstrahl's life: his work at various deaf-related agencies and institutions during the late 1960s and 1970s, and his work as TDI executive director from the late 1980s through the early 1990s. There is nothing from his earlier life.
The bulk of the material present consists of professional correspondence, articles and reports (by Sonnenstrahl and by others), brochures and programs, and newspaper and magazine clippings. The last covers activities of groups Sonnenstrahl was part of, or general issues related to the deaf.
Series 1. Papers from work on deafness issues, 1966-1980 /p>
This series includes papers from Sonnenstrahl's work with various deaf-related organizations, both governmental and private, in Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, and elsewhere. The most common types of papers here are correspondence, reports, grant proposals, and workshop records.
Series 2. Papers from TDI tenure, 1946-1995
This series includes both material produced during Sonnenstrahl's early term as TDI executive director (1987-1995) and older material that he used for research and reference during this period. The bulk consists of Sonnenstrahl's correspondence and newspaper and magazine clippings or brochures.
Of particular interest is a file of correspondence and photographs from Andrea Saks (daughter of Andrew Saks, who helped finance the first commercially available teletypewriters), which includes some historical photographs of the inventors of the teletypewriter with their creations.
Also of interest are some early TDD number directories published by TDI, including the first two directories from 1968 and 1969.
See series 3 for photos from TDI events.
Series 3. Photographs and other items, 1975-1990
Most of this series is unlabeled photographs, the majority of which are snapshots taken at TDI and other professional events. The series also includes some nameplates, signs, and a certificate of appreciation intended for Senator John McCain, which was withdrawn due to a typographical error.
1 1 Brochures for Petra Howard House Undated
1 2 Catalogs and correspondence on devices for the deaf 1977-1980
1 3 Clippings and proposals for Massachusetts Office of Deafness 1974-1979
1 4 Collection of articles on therapy and education 1960s-1970s
1 5 Correspondence and articles on oral education 1967
1 6 Correspondence and outlines for workshop on interpreters 1967-1969
1 7 Correspondence and papers from workshop on interpreting for the deaf in civil service 1977-1979
1 8 Correspondence for Minnesota Council of Organizations Serving the Deaf 1978-1980
1 9 Correspondence on continuing education and Elderhostel 1985-1987
2 1 Correspondence on state plans for the deaf 1975-1977
2 2 Correspondence with DC government on employment 1985-1987
2 3 Correspondence with Northwestern Bell 1979-1980
2 4 General Aptitude Test Battery tests and results for Michigan School 1966-1970
2 6 Maryland Association of the Deaf correspondence 1968-1972
2 7 Maryland Association of the Deaf correspondence on adult education 1966-1969
2 8 Maryland Association of the Deaf correspondence on incorporation 1966
3 1 Massachusetts Rehabilitation Commission report 1974
3 2 MSAD constitution and bylaws 1977-1978
3 3 MSAD newsletters and correspondence 1975-1980
3 5 Newsletters and correspondence on Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf 1969-1970
3 6 Notes and articles | [
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When Celebrities Attack
Posted on October 14, 2019 by onthemiddlepath
Back in the mid 90's there was a brief but tacky series of television shows called "When Animals Attack." It was produced by Fox, the network that serves up conservative values with a side order of scandal, and celebrities in bikinis. The series depicted graphic animal attacks on humans for an audience unlikely to ever be close enough to a wild animal to risk an attack, but there is no limit to the dangers we armchair warriors are willing to face in the virtual world.
Last week the virtual world erupted (steady, no need to duct tape the virtual windows just yet) when some images circulated of Celebrity, Ellen DeGeneres watching a football game in the company of Celebrity, Former President George W. Bush. The two appeared to be quite comfortable with each other. In fact, they actually seemed to be enjoying themselves. Ellen later revealed that she even considers Mr. Bush to be a friend.
The virtual world is particularly dangerous when celebrities attack. A sampling of the headlines, the tweets and posts would have you shivering in your virtual shoes. There was outrage, firestorm, ripping, lash and backlash (presumably you can't have one without the other). Celebrities were divided. Ellen was forced to push back.
The "push" that preceded the push back was the accusation that she, as an individual admired by the left, should not be seen to be "rehabilitating the image" of someone like the former president, accused of being responsible for much death and destruction during his administration. (Apparently champion weapons dealer, Mr. Obama, and Hillary "We Came, We saw, He Died" Clinton are in no need of rehabilitation, but that's a discussion for another day.)
It's likely that quite a large portion of the country was unaware that the former president's image was in need of rehabilitation. That, too, is a discussion for another day. But putting politics and the history of warfare aside for a moment, Ms. DeGeneres in one of her backlash push backs spoke truth when she said, ""Just because I don't agree with someone on everything doesn't mean I'm not going to be friends with them. When I say, 'Be kind to one another,' I don't mean only the people that think the same way that you do." Ellen went on to say, "We're all different, and I think we've forgotten that that's OK that we're all different."
Simple truth, and utterly devastating to the virtual world that profits from our addiction to drama.
Humanity has a long history of fawning over celebrities and allowing ourselves to be influenced, led, dominated by the famous and the infamous. We often remind ourselves of sheep in our blind allegiance, or cattle in our tendency to stampede.
But goats gather here, my friends. We are independent, cantankerous and often contrary. However, the times we live in now call upon us to be shepherds. This is the relative lull before the storm as desperate partisan parties ramp up their efforts to capture the White House, dragging us all into the conflict with no concern for the collateral damage to the country.
We will begin to see it again soon, as bad as it was in 2016 or worse. The celebrities will step up their attacks online and over the air, and our friends and neighbors will parrot their words and respond to their entreaties. At family and social gatherings, at work, or even at church, we will begin to see the stampeding of emotions. Did we lose any friends in the last election? It can happen again.
When the herd begins to get restless, like the singing cowboy out on the range, perhaps a word of calm might ward off the stampede. Keep in mind, however, that the herd does not listen to reason. You can argue until you are red or blue in the face. The herd no longer responds to the great minds, to scholars, philosophers and poets. The western herd does not even hearken to the divine.
Our ability to recognize truth has been degraded, lost in the virtual world of shiny waxed apples and artificial coloring, makeup artists and sound bytes and computer generated graphics. They're not going to listen to truth unless it' | [
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Seventy-five-year-old Raimati has to make quite an effort to walk up the 50-foot slope from her 'workplace' to her tiny hut in Benakhamar village on the banks of the Upper Indravati reservoir in Nabarangpur district, Orissa. Her 'workplace': a manual stone-crushing unit (illegal, according to the administration) run by women like her in the village. They heat the stone by burning fuelwood underneath it for hours; crush the stone into small pieces using big hammers, and then pound the small pieces into stone chips using medium-sized hammers. Even as this tedious process goes on non-stop every day, they might have to wait months for a contractor to come by and buy the chips, at Rs 750 per tractor-load: a meagre sum for a task that involves a month of hard work by a group of four to five women.
Nearly 50,000 forest-dependent people were forcibly evicted from their homes in the 1980s and 1990s to make way for the multipurpose Upper Indravati Hydroelectric Project that submerged 11,000 hectares of prime forest, which was also one of the most diverse wildlife habitats in Asia. The displaced forest communities had no option but to retreat to the banks of the reservoir. The road that came with the project, tearing into the heartland, ensured that the remaining forest around the reservoir was wiped out by the timber mafia, in connivance with forest officials, in less than a decade. And so the 50,000 displaced forest-dwellers lost whatever livelihood base they were left with.
The misery of the people of Indravati is a small example of how 'development' has destroyed traditional communities that depend on natural resources not only for their survival but also to keep their rich socio-cultural ethos alive: a way of life that is aligned with the natural evolution of the planet, its resources, and its life forms.
Dr Walter Fernandes, director of the North Eastern Social Research Centre, Guwahati, and former director of the Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi, estimates that between 1947 and 2000 over 60 million people in India were forced to move from their natural homes. Of this, 3 million people were displaced in Orissa alone, most of them forest-dwellers.
So, for the self-ruled Indian state, a "village being situated close to a forest" was just an 'accident'! Even though the 1952 policy sought to keep one-third of India's total land area under forest cover, large tracts of primary forests were decimated to build infrastructure, big dams, and industries, and millions were evicted from their natural homes.
The Hirakud dam in Orissa -- an impeccable symbol of development for the insensitive middle class -- submerged around 75,000 hectares of dense forests, grazing lands, and farmland, rendering homeless around 180,000 people who were dependent on local ecosystems for their survival. The Rourkela steel plant -- another pride of the Oriya middle class -- decimated 11,200 hectares of primary forest, evicting 15,000 indigenous people. And it does not end here: in order to feed the steel plant electricity and water, the Mandira dam was constructed, submerging 4,500 hectares of virgin forest and displacing an unaccounted number of forest-dwellers. Then the rail network linking the steel plant with Hatia, Barsuan, Bondamunda and other places evicted 20,000 more people.
Apart from big dams, in recent decades it has been the mining and metal sector in Orissa that has caused the most distress to forest-dwellers. Of the 5,813,700 hectares of 'categorised' forest area in the state, mineral reserves have been identified on some 3,500,000 hectares; that's more than 60% of the total forest area. According to a press statement by Orissa's Steel and Mines Minister Raghunath Mohanty in June 2009, "preliminary exploration for | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.228865 | 1.070018 | 2.611947 | 1.311425 |
mining had already been done on 3,100,000 hectares of forest land". That, coupled with the rate at which the Orissa government has been signing MoUs -- more than 80 by now -- with metal, mining, and related industries speaks volumes about the dark destiny that awaits forest-dependent people in the state.
Indeed, the situation is so chaotic that nobody even knows what happened to around 32,000 adivasi families (more than 200,000 people) in the Joda and Badbil areas of Keonjhar district, where mining (mostly iron ore) has been taking place for the past 40-odd years. They disappeared without a trace! In Damanjodi, in Koraput district, where NALCO (National Aluminium Company) has been mining bauxite in the Panchpatmali mountains since the 1980s, over 70% of indigenous forest-dwellers who once were completely self-reliant today eke out an existence below the poverty line. While the price paid for such large-scale mining is already etched on the wrinkled foreheads of the adivasis of Koraput, the Damanjodi project is being glorified by the state as an indisputable symbol of progress and development for the local populace; a benchmark for private mining and metal companies to follow.
Michael Ross has already warned of the 'resource curse' that rampant mining unleashes, in his insightful report, 'Extractive Sectors and the Poor' (Oxfam 2001). Studies by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) too show that all the poverty indices in Planning Commission statistics are invariably worst in mining-affected districts. The fact that mining breeds poverty rather than diminishes it is glaringly on display at Damanjodi.
The onslaught on forest communities that started with the commercialisation of forests during the British Raj has now become a multi-pronged attack, with scores of ambitious development projects -- mining, dams, metal factories, rail networks, tourism, sanctuaries -- in the pipeline, and many more in the offing. These so-called 'development' projects seek to wipe out large tracts of primary forest forever and destroy forest-dependent communities.
In Orissa, the extent of forest area diverted for non-forestry use since the 1940s would be close on 200,000 hectares, most of this inhabited for generations by forest-dependent tribal populations. Between 1980 and 2007 alone, according to government records, the area of forests diverted for non-forest activity was close on 35,000 hectares. And this does not include vast tracts of forest promised in MoUs but not yet transferred by the state to industry.
Soon after Independence, especially around the time when the Hirakud dam was coming up, communities displaced by such projects did not know how to 'effectively' respond to their predicament. But resist they did. However, an unprecedented degree of state repression, ironically now empowered with 'democracy' and assisted by the feudal class that primarily represented the new political class in independent India, succeeded in suppressing the spontaneous but unorganised resistance by forest-dependent communities.
By the late-1970s and early-1980s, the winds of 'environmentalism' had already started blowing in Orissa. By this time too, most communities had witnessed the devastation caused by 'development' projects. The 1980s saw the beginning of a new phase of resistance to such projects. The 'Save Gandhamardan' movement around the Gandhamardan mountains in western Orissa is a classic example in which communities, social formations and individuals cutting across social structures joined in to successfully force the state government to scrap a huge plan to mine bauxite by BALCO (Bharat Aluminium Company). Gandhamardan has been a source of livelihood not only for thousands of adivasis but also for scores of farmers, traditional health practitioners, and other social groups.
Another successful people's resistance was the Baliapal movement in coastal Orissa where people fought a long, hard, democratic battle with the state to stop a huge military base from being set up there.
Unfortunately, after the economic reforms of | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.095729 | 1.298428 | 2.29634 | 1.265889 |
1991 in which India took the path of rapid and indiscriminate industrialisation, Orissa turned into a sort of 'laboratory' for the neo-liberal agenda, putting huge pressure on the state's forests, water resources, and energy supply. Metal factories, power plants, dams and mining units sprouted like mushrooms all across the state, especially in forest areas.
But despite the widespread resistance, a number of communities have already been devastated. A prime example is the Sambalpur-Jharsuguda stretch in which Lapanga falls. Lapanga boasts the oldest 'recorded' instance of community forest management in Orissa, since 1936.
The present situation might point to a kind of travesty of history: Lapanga has always been a prime example of the glorious tradition and history of Orissa's community forest management (CFM), which started around 1900 as sporadic, localised resistance in various places, in response to the British takeover of people's forests, and had turned into a mass movement by the 1970s. The enormous efforts of communities throughout the state to regenerate and protect their forests since then is reflected in the fact that today there are about 17,000 village forest protection committees (FPCs) covering around 19,000 villages, protecting about 2 million hectares of forests in Orissa. This means, over one-third of the total forest area in the state is now under community control and care even though 'legally' it is state property.
I saw industrial waste, especially ash, dumped randomly all over the place, even on the main road -- a state highway. I learnt that in order to carry away one truckload of ash from the factory, a truck owner gets Rs 11,000. However, it is not specified where he is supposed to dump the ash and so he takes the easiest way out! On a prominent signboard showing you the way to the Hindalco coal mine, you cannot miss the tagline: 'We care for the environment'!
The Sambalpur-Jharsuguda stretch is testimony to the dark side of Orissa's ambitious industrial development drive in the past 10 years. Apart from destroying forests rich in resources, industrial pollution and waste have reduced farm output as well. An un-plucked cauliflower looks like a palm-full of cowdung meticulously placed on the ground! And the biggest paradox is that many of the industrial units have been certified as CDM (clean development mechanism) projects even as the rest are awaiting certification!
Amidst the intense conflict of interests, in post-reforms India, between natural-resource-dependent communities on one side and the state and corporations on the other, in December 2006 the Indian Parliament passed a 'historic bill' relating to India's forests -- the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest-Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Bill 2006, generally referred to as FRA 2006. At the outset, it seemed that the ignominy of the British legacy mindlessly carried forward so far to exploit forests and forest-dependent people was finally coming to an end. With a strong CFM network in place, one would think communities in Orissa would be upbeat about FRA 2006. But on the ground, the Act has only compounded the crisis.
As I moved from one village to another, the usual story was that people on the ground are utterly confused about the concept, scope, process, and the very objectives of the Act. On the other hand, the state is doling out pattas against 'individual' claims as a 'favour'; there is virtually no information made available to communities about the provision of 'community rights' enshrined in the Act. It is also evident in many places that the forest department is spreading misinformation about the scope of the Act and misguiding forest communities -- especially discouraging them from claiming 'community rights' over the commons, and promoting JFM bodies whilst grossly undermining the gram sabha, which, according to the Act, is supposed to be the most empowering body.
Besides the forest department's regular tricks to undermine the Act and retain its lordship over people's forests, what turns this historical Act into yet another paper tiger is the state's aggressive industrial policy -- passed off as 'development' | [
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-- in which it has already committed to decimating vast areas of forest. It is an irony that Orissa's huge expanse of primary forests has become the most favoured destination for global and national mining giants, and yet it is not clear what the government, both at the Centre and in the state, stands for. Do they want to implement FRA 2006 both in letter and spirit? Or displace and decimate them by pursuing a dangerously aggressive mining policy that even the West has abandoned? At one level, the Indian state is trumpeting the fact that it is rectifying a 'historical injustice' perpetrated over centuries on forest communities. At another, it sends in police and paramilitary forces to repress these same communities for demanding their rights over natural habitats, community resources, and livelihood avenues.
To top it all, the Union government has recently discovered a mouth-watering 'treasury' in the forests, as hinted in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) document entitled India: State of Forests Report 2009. It states: "Putting a conservative value of USD 5 per tonne of carbon dioxide locked in our forests, this huge sink of carbon is worth Rs 6,000 billion (USD 120 billion)…" So now the millions are turning into billions, as international carbon traders knock on India's doors. That is why the investment amount too has gone up -- to attract 'competing' traders. Besides a whopping budgetary allocation of Rs 8,300 crore (USD 1.85 billion) of public money, the MoEF hopes to mobilise a mindboggling Rs 44,000 crore (USD 9.5 billion) for its ambitious and controversial Green India mission.
In this inane and ambiguous arrangement, one thing is clear: the investors are now going to be the new absentee landlords of India's forests, but without upsetting the forest department's 'official' zamindari (landlordism). In order for the investors to stake a claim, expenditure needs to be visible. That is why standing natural forests (even farmlands) have to be razed and replaced with commercial 'plantations', as is already happening in many districts of Orissa like Kendujhar and Debgarh. So, with a simple stroke, virtual ownership of a forest will change hands from the community to the company. 'Unlocking' this new-found 'treasury' will mean 'locking up' the provisions of FRA 2006!
Forests in India, however described or legally defined -- whether scrub jungle, dense evergreen or even desert lands -- have always seen human interaction, use and management. They are considered 'traditional commons' and have often been governed by local communities, either tribal or 'forest-dwelling' people. The idea of 'rights', particularly collective, is intrinsic to the notion of commons, and for communities dependent on these resources, rights over the resource and its governance have been critical. Forests in South Asia are still thriving socio-ecological systems where dependent communities derive not just economic returns, but their entire existence and identities are determined by the health of the resource, their rights over it, and access to the same.
In pre-colonial times, vast tracts of forests were under different regimes of ownership, administration and management. In 1878, the British colonial administration passed the Indian Forest Act, through which most lands were classified as 'reserve forests' or 'protected forests' and people's access to these areas and resources was restricted.
The Indian Forest Act (IFA), 1927, a revised version still in operation in independent India, marked a significant starting point for the state's appropriation of the commons which were declared 'forests' and brought under the administration of the forest department with the objective of maximising extractive use. The lands that came under these definitions of forests included hilly lands, scrub forests, grasslands, even coastal lands and desert regions of mountain areas. Therefore, many of these forests that did not even physically exist, and revenue lands that were supporting livelihoods, were sealed off as forests. In the bargain, several communities dependent on these lands were alienated from these areas as were their unrecorded rights over these resources.
The governance of the commons and the direction of policy re | [
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forms in the present context must incorporate a historical understanding of forest management in India. This history is responsible for very significant changes in how the commons are viewed today, the definitions of various common resources such as 'forests' and 'grasslands', and the present-day relationship between people and the state over the governance of these areas.
The most significant social phenomenon since Independence has been the growth of various people's movements aimed at securing rights over the commons and their different trajectories, which has resulted in the state's present conception of people's rights to forest commons.
Policies over forest commons management: Steps towards reform?
The Forest Conservation Act (FCA), 1980, presumably a conservation legislation, put in place a system for the diversion of forests for non-forest purposes, with the state forest departments and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) deciding the fate of these forest lands.
Recent analyses of this legislation show that it has actually led to greater alienation of forest lands through its evolving clearance procedures. The MoEF declared several forest communities as encroachers, in litigations around the FCA argued in the Supreme Court (SC). Newer complexities arose in the famous ruling by the SC in T N Godavarman Thirumulpad vs Union of India (Writ Petition 202 of 1995 -- popularly known as the Godavarman case). The Supreme Court's interpretation, and the subsequent application by its Central Empowered Committee in this landmark case, of the FCA being applicable to 'all areas that are forests in the dictionary meaning of the term irrespective of the nature of ownership and classification thereof', led to further cases of encroachment and alienation of communities from forests.
Several people's struggles have marked post-Independence forest management regimes. In 1988, the government initiated a small change in its forest policy. The National Forest Policy was introduced in 1988 which recognised environment conservation and meeting rural people's needs as important objectives of forest management. In addition, it envisaged the creation of a massive people's movement with the involvement of women for achieving these objectives.
On June 1, 1990, the MoEF sent a circular to the forest secretaries of all states and union territories asking them to involve people in the management of forests, in a programme titled Joint Forest Management (JFM). This was to be implemented under an arrangement between the village community (notably now defined as 'beneficiaries'), the forest department and voluntary agencies. The village community was to organise itself into village forest committees (VFC) for the regeneration and protection of forests. In return, they were entitled to a percentage of 'usufructs' like grass, 'lops and tops' and minor forest produce from areas reserved for JFM. Voluntary agencies or NGOs were envisaged as catalysts in the process; they would interface between the forest department and local village communities. JFM was largely project-driven in various parts of the country and in most places its simplistic approach to the complexities of the commons has resulted in its failure.
On December 29, 2006, the Indian Parliament promulgated a legislation to recognise and vest forest rights, to recognise the occupation of forest land by forest-dwelling adivasisand other traditional forest-dwellers, "who have been residing in forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded". The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest-Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act (FRA), 2006 not only recognises individual land rights, which in principle must be jointly registered in the names of the spouses in case of married persons, it also recognises community rights to use, manage, and protect forest resources. Further, this Act stipulates the conditions for relocation and rehabilitation in "critical wildlife habitations"with the requirement of "free informed consent" from the displaced and the offer of alternative land. The Act, moreover, holds precedence over all other forest and wildlife-related laws. The passage of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest-Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Bill, 2006 is considered by campaign groups as a watershed event in the hard-fought and prolonged struggle by adivasisand other forest-dwellers of the country. This legislation is significant as an admission | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.326679 | 1.412633 | 1.80141 | 2.27779 |
SACRAMENTO, Calif. – St. Francis senior Lauren Washburn has committed to play softball at Saint Anselm College in New Hampshire, fulfilling a lifetime dream to play in college.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. – Sophomore Bella Valentine homered and sophomores Chloe Smith and Sydney Littles had two hits each before Sheldon broke open a close game to defeat St. Francis 19-6 on Tuesday.
St. Francis (7-9) led 3-1 after the first highlighted by Valentine's second home run of the season.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. – The St. Francis softball team fell to Elk Grove 11-0 on Thursday. Senior Lauren Washburn went 2-for-2 for the Troubadours to record the only hits for the Troubies.
Victoria Lowe held SF scoreless over five innings, recording nine strikeouts and no walks.
Elk Grove hit three home runs in the contest. Senior Jada Kanemasu took the loss, giving up four runs on five hits over 2.2 innings.
St. Francis hosts Sheldon on Tuesday at 4 p.m.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. -The St. Francis softball team recorded their first Delta League win with a 14-3 victory over Grant on Monday.
St. Francis had a season-high 14 hits and scored 14 runs as five players recorded two or more hits I the contest. Chloe Smith, Makayla Scott and Mary Baccay had home runs in the game. Catcher Julia Perkins recorded a career-high three hits in three at bats.
Jada Kanemasu is in her third season with the St. Francis varsity softball team. She has recorded 20 career victories after going 8-2 as a junior with a 3.25 ERA. She likes spending time with her family and friends. She has two little nephews.
WEST SACRAMENTO, Calif. – The St. Francis softball team lost to Christian Brothers on Saturday 4-3 in the annual Albie Aware games at River City High School.
Sophomore Sydney Littles went 3-for-4 with two runs scored to pace the Troubadours offense.
Rhyann O'Mara returns to softball after playing last season with the lacrosse program. She was a Sacramento Bee honorable mention All-Metro and Delta League second team selection as a sophomore after hitting .462 with a team-best tying 30 RBI.
Welcome back to Softball! How does it feel to be back on the diamond this year?
The St. Francis softball team went 14-12-1 overall and 9-5 in the Delta League to finish third overall in the standings.
The Troubadours advanced to the Sac-Joaquin Section Division II playoffs as the No. 12 seed. St. Francis won an elimination game over No. 5 Vintage 5-2 before losses to No. 4 Del Campo (6-0) and No. 9 Elk Grove (10-2).
Seniors Mel Baccay and Shelby Tevis were named to the Sacramento Bee All-Metro second team.
Roster by Class – Seniors (4): Ariana Avila, Jada Kanemasu, Rhyann O'Mara, Lauren Washburn. Juniors (8): Alexis Assad, Mary Baccay, Victoria Cimino, Kennedy Hornbuckle, Victoria Jacobo, Makayla Scott, Anissah Surita, Terry Victory. Sophomores (6): Caitlin Caldwell, Arden Hatch, Gabby Guerrera, Sydney Littles, Chloe Smith, Bella Valentine. Freshmen (1): Julia Perkins.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. – St. Francis Catholic High School has renewed its exclusive partnership with adidas Team Sports for four years, Athletic Director Mark McGreevy announced.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. – St. Francis High School and the Troubadour Athletic Department will partner with SportsLeader over the next four years to implement their Catholic virtue-based formation program for coaches.
SACRAMENTO, Calif. – The St. Francis athletic department placed second overall in the All | [
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Family Law Top Five Barristers
MICHAEL GLASER
Being a top matrimonial barrister comes down to 'judgement, humility and not forgetting it's your client's case,' says Michael Glaser, a silk in the making who is modest and friendly despite his formidable reputation. 'It's also about understanding that things… Read More
DEBORAH EATON QC
1 KING'S BENCH WALK
'There's no better counsel for HNW private children law matters – a brilliant strategist,' says one colleague of Deborah Eaton's. 'When we walk away from cases, the family have to carry on. I look at what I can preserve and… Read More
LEWIS MARKS QC
QEB
One of the greats of the family bar, Lewis Marks deals predominantly with cases surrounding the valuation and liquidation of assets in divorce proceedings. It's an area which has been in constant flux since White v White (2000), the landmark… Read More
LUCY STONE QC
Lucy Stone is a big-money heavyweight with 'extraordinary judgement', a peer promises. The former head of chambers specialises in cross-border battles in jurisdictions such as Hong Kong, the US and the Isle of Man. The silk is optimistic about the… Read More
ALEX VERDAN QC
4PB
Peers attest that the bar's 'go-to children silk' is quick to put clients at ease with his 'down-to-earth and diplomatic' approach. Alex Verdan's 'powerful and eloquent' advocacy skills have also won him praise from a celebrity client base: he achieved… Read More
Top Ten Family Lawyers
CATHERINE BEDFORD
HARBOTTLE & LEWIS
A first-choice solicitor for high-flying CEOs, investment bankers, sports stars and entertainers, Catherine Bedford made her name by building Lee & Thompson's family practice from the ground up, more than a decade ago. In a major move, she this year… Read More
SANDRA DAVIS
MISHCON DE REYA
A veteran of family law's top set for more than a quarter of a century, Sandra Davis is described by one peer as a 'fantastic lawyer who does her utmost for clients'. She took over as head of Mishcon de… Read More
STEWARTS
Stephen Foster, head of family law at Stewarts, is content after a decade of success, having handpicked what many consider to be the most robust high-asset divorce team in London. 'We are now over 40 strong, with nine highly thought-of… Read More
EMMA HATLEY
An 'excellent' negotiator with a 'phenomenal' grasp of the facts, according to peers, Emma Hatley is one of the most sought-after family solicitors in London. Her experience allows her to offer advice across the full board of family law, but… Read More
FRANCES HUGHES
HUGHES FOWLER CARRUTHERS
A solicitor of 36 years' standing, founding partner Frances Hughes has had a 'fantastically busy' 12 months, including the leviathan six-month-long case Estrada v Juffali, in which her socialite client was awarded 'the highest calibration of reasonable need' by an… Read More
WILLIAM LONGRIGG
CHARLES RUSSELL SPEECHLYS
The likeable William Longrigg, family partner at Charles Russell Speechlys, was crowned Spear's Family Lawyer of the Year in 2016 and is a multilingual lawyer specialising in multijurisdictional cases, often in Europe, the US, Hong Kong and Australia. He was… Read More
WILLIAM MASSEY
FARRER & CO
'His clients love him,' says one colleague of William Massey's. Another describes Farrer's gently spoken head of family as 'a complete star'. It's certainly been a very good year for Massey, whose recent successes include Goddard-Watts v Goddard-Watts, a financial… Read More
DIANA PARKER
WITHERS
A mainstay of family law's top tier for more | [
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than two decades, the former Withers chairman and Spear's Family Lawyer of the Year Award winner is described by one pre-eminent peer as 'three steps ahead of everyone else'. As such,… Read More
BARONESS SHACKLETON
PAYNE HICKS BEACH
Fiona Shackleton is regarded as one of the best family lawyers of her generation, but one peer is prepared to go further, calling her 'one of the leading family lawyers of all time'. Indeed she has become a celebrity in… Read More
LADY HELEN WARD
'Not merely one of the best, but the best family lawyer in London', according to legendary QC Lewis Marks. Lady Helen Ward, and longtime rival Fiona Shackleton, 'are the two most important divorce lawyers of their generation,' according to a… Read More
Top Recommended Family Lawyers
SUSAN APTHORP
SEARS TOOTH
Susan Apthorp is Ray Tooth's right-hand woman, and 'an outstanding family law solicitor' in her own right. Over the last nine years they have expanded Sears Tooth and clocked up an incredible number of reported cases. There is no doubt… Read More
TOBY ATKINSON
A respected and well-liked solicitor noted for his ability to trace complex assets and conduct forensic investigations into offshore corporate structures, Toby Atkinson sees a system in crisis. 'Our courts are grossly underfunded, and with the withdrawal of legal aid… Read More
CAMILLA BALDWIN
Camilla Baldwin is energetic and no-nonsense. Even when she took 'time off' to have children, the founder of the eponymous law firm sat as an immigration judge. It is that drive, coupled with her vast experience and polished judgement, which… Read More
NICHOLAS BENNETT
Nicholas Bennett moved from the bar to Farrer six years ago and is 'on the way to being one of their main partners in the coming years', says an industry observer, who praises his 'thoughtful and measured approach and enormous… Read More
GILLIAN BISHOP
FAMILY LAW IN PARTNERSHIP
One of FLiP's three founding family lawyers and the sole one at the firm today, Gillian Bishop has been a family lawyer for over 35 years. Clients include City professionals, CEOs and celebrities, and, crucially, 'people with money or their… Read More
ZOË BLOOM
KEYSTONE LAW
An eminent negotiator who cuts through the jargon and to the heart of her cases, Zoë Bloom specialises in complex HNW financial disputes. Experienced in international divorce with crossborder tax complications, she also has niche experience representing high-profile entrepreneurs and… Read More
CHARLOTTE BRADLEY
KINGSLEY NAPLEY
Charlotte Bradley emphasises the humanity essential to the family lawyer and aims to stay pragmatic. 'It's important that you remain calm and objective,' she explains, 'but you have to have empathy for them [the client], otherwise you wouldn't be a… Read More
LINZI BULL
PENNINGTONS MANCHES
Linzi Bull's clients, for whom she is a trusted port of call, often have a high profile in the media or business. Bull has seen an increase in prenups and postnups: 'When I started doing them, it was for the… Read More
ALEX CARRUTHERS
Most of us have heard of faking your own death, but not faking your own divorce. Alex Carruthers has, at least in the case of one client: a wife whose husband claimed to have ended their marriage in a Russian… Read More
DEBBIE CHISM
When Debbie Chism last spoke to Spear's she told us that she had a client who resembled James Bond. 'I'm now working for people who would hire James Bond,' she laughs. The hard-working family law veteran of 25 years has… Read More
MIRANDA FISHER
Recently appointed the head of Charles Russell Speechlys' Middle East family division, Miranda Fisher has been busy racking up air miles to the likes of Qatar and Bahrain. The sums crossing her des | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.805004 | -0.153793 | -0.351802 | -0.335129 |
k are vast, as one might expect from… Read More
' When a case is terribly interesting for a lawyer it's a curse, because it's usually horrific for everyone else involved,' says James Freeman, who has had another busy year pursuing his specialism of complex cases on behalf of HNWs…. Read More
CLAIRE GORDON
Family lawyers have to be both intellectually and emotionally astute,' says Farrer & Co's Claire Gordon, whom one peer describes as 'a reassuring, trusted presence who grasps complex issues quickly '. She started at Farrer as a trainee almost 20… Read More
MICHAEL GOURIET
Most family lawyers really ought to be able to resolve things through negotiation,' says Michael Gouriet. He is speaking in relation to a major settlement in a £1 billion Middle Eastern case, one notable piece of work in a banner… Read More
' I've had clients sobbing hysterically when I said, "You have to file for divorce right now,"' says family law heavyweight Mark Harper. He focuses on divorce, particularly international cases and those involving trusts, and pre-nuptial and pre-civil partnership agreements…. Read More
'As a parent, I have a huge amount of respect for any other parent. You have to think about what is the best outcome for the entire family,' says Sarah Hutchinson, who is known for both high-end divorce work and… Read More
DAVINA KATZ
SCHILLINGS
When Davina Katz left Mishcon de Reya to join Schillings in 2009, she was by far the youngest head of a family law department in London. Credited by peers for her 'utmost professionalism and excellence', she's become a star solicitor… Read More
JANE KEIR
A high-calibre practitioner with an enviable client base, Jane Keir became Kingsley Napley's senior partner in May 2013 after 23 years at the firm. Unlike most senior partners, she's hardly winding down, instead splitting her executive and legal roles 50/50… Read More
SUZANNE KINGSTON
Suzanne Kingston is passionate about keeping clients out of court when possible, so much so that she's known as 'the Queen of ADR' (alternative dispute resolution). It was Kingston, in fact, who introduced family law arbitration training to England and… Read More
RENATO LABI
Renato Labi is a true litigator, described by peers as 'tenacious'. Formerly of DLA and Bates, Wells & Braithwaite, Labi has wide experience in dealing with financial disputes within divorce proceedings and following cohabitation, and in complex private law children's… Read More
KATHARINE LANDELLS
'I'm a geek,' says Katharine Landells. 'I love the technical aspect of my job and the human aspect of the job and how they come together.' This love of detail, together with an ability to empathise with her clients, has… Read More
MELISSA LESSON
Melissa Lesson spent two years at the bar before joining Mishcon de Reya in 2000. Four years later, she worked with Sandra Davis on reported case Minwalla v Minwalla, in which they successfully challenged the husband's motives for holding assets… Read More
JULIAN LIPSON
Withers' former head of family law has seen 'a lot of bad-tempered litigation' in the past year with an unprecedentedly high percentage of cases having gone to final hearings. Julian Lipson wonders if this is due to economic turbulence following… Read More
'There are two extremes in this work,' says David Lister. 'One is to do a clean, negotiated settlement —the utopia — and the other is when you have someone sticking two fingers up at the court and their partner. Then… Read More
MAGNUS MILL
ALEXIOU FISHER PHILIPPS
A family lawyer with two decades' experience, Magnus Mill acts for HNWs, specialising in 'all' private family law matters — including pre- and post-nuptial agreements, divorce, financial remedy, offshore financial structures and children's law — very frequently of an international… Read More
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UL NEWTON
'No nonsense, no pretension — Paul is the absolute "what you see is what you get" family lawyer. And what you get is an intelligent and excellent practitioner,' a fellow solicitor says of Paul Newton. Since qualifying in 2003, he… Read More
CAROLINE PARK
Five years at Freshfields mastering the nuances of corporate tax isn't the standard route to a career in family law. But Caroline Park has broken the mould in her route to the top. 'My time at Freshfields equipped me for… Read More
MAGGIE RAE
Maggie Rae, 'the grande dame of divorce', is a favourite among high-profile HNWs, perhaps because she's in favour of 'civilised remedies that keep people's lives private'. Her modus operandi is to avoid court and go to mediation and arbitration whenever… Read More
JULIAN RIBET
LEVISON MELTZER PIGOTT
Praise abounds for Julian Ribet. One QC dubs him 'an extremely able, top-rank practitioner', while another refers to the LMP partner as 'impressive, diligent and practical'. The experienced family lawyer, mediator and arbitrator's clients include HNWs, City and sports professionals… Read More
ROSIE SCHUMM
FORSTERS
' Rosie Schumm used to be a rising star in the family law world, but now her star has risen,' says one peer, and Spear's agrees. 'She has a well-deserved reputation for being charming with clients and fellow lawyers alike.'… Read More
ERICA SHELTON
'A solid, old-school lawyer,' one family head of a competitor firm tells Spear's in commending Erica Shelton. The partner is known for 'litigating effectively when required with patience and pragmatism' — and she certainly gets results. She won £10.5 million… Read More
Described by market authorities as 'very impressive' and 'warm and engaging' with 'astonishing skills in international financial matters', co-head of Penningtons Manches' private wealth team James Stewart has had a 'phenomenally' busy year rich with some of London's most complex,… Read More
CATHERINE THOMAS
VARDAGS
A solicitor sought out by UHNWs with complex divorce cases, Vardags managing director Catherine Thomas has had a 'busy and exciting' 2017: 'We've had a series of really great wins and some incredible settlements,' she says. Her star has risen… Read More
SUZANNE TODD
Trained by Diana Parker and Gill Doran, Suzanne Todd has risen through the ranks to be the head of Withers' UK family team. She's an impressive presence at the front of the firm's matrimonial offering. Asked about her client list,… Read More
RAYMOND TOOTH
Raymond Tooth is a celebrity in his own right, whose hard-fought battles for the great and the good — and sometimes the not so good — have earned him the nickname 'Jaws'. If Spear's had been inclined to wonder whether… Read More
JOE VAITILINGAM
VAITILINGAM KAY
'You get Magic Circle-quality service, you get our brains, but without the ginormous price tag of our competitors,' Joe Vaitilingam tells Spear's when asked to detail his firm's offering. Vaitilingam Kay may be a new kid on the block, but… Read More
NICHOLAS WESTLEY
'The fall in the value of the pound has thrown up some interesting issues,' says Nicholas Westley. One of his cases involved a UK-US couple who separated two years ago, splitting their British property equally, resulting in £3-4 million for… Read More
BRADLEY WILLIAMS
Williams joined FLIP in 1999 as a paralegal, happily making his way up the ranks to director and shareholder. 'I'm a one-firm-man,' he says. 'It's a very collegiate place to work. We all get on very well. We have a… Read More
ANNA WORWOOD
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family lawyers in London. A leading authority on relocation, she has worked on a slew of reported cases, including Re C… Read More
Recommended Family Lawyers
KATE ALLEN
DAWSON CORNWELL
A 'good, solid and sensible' family lawyer according to market sources, Kate Allen is respected for her thriving collaborative law practice and strong negotiating skills. The family courts system she works with is anything but good, solid and sensible: 'It… Read More
THOMAS AMLOT
'I think if I found myself divorcing, Tom is the London solicitor I would choose. [He is] absolutely first class,' says a leading QC of Tom Amlot, family lawyer and partner at AFP. Amlot joined AFP in June 2011, having… Read More
SARAH ANTICONI
Sarah Anticoni of Charles Russell Speechlys knows how complex divorce can be. She once told Spear's: 'Tackling the splitting of money and parenting apart is a tall order. Expect high emotions — but only from the clients.' When feelings run… Read More
ROGER BAMBER
MILLS & REEVE
Described by one influential peer as 'one of the most constructive and imaginative family lawyers I have ever met', the head of the national family law team at Mills & Reeve specialises in complex financial cases, involving businesses, trusts or… Read More
KIM BEATSON
ANTHONY GOLD
' I am a naturally curious person, which is why family law suited me. I also love problem solving,' says Kim Beatson. Head of family law at the London firm, she works with a broad range of clients, covering the… Read More
ROS BEVER
IRWIN MITCHELL
2016 was a big one for Ros Bever. She represented both Alison Sharland and Varsha Gohil at the Supreme Court in landmark cases that redefined the law and its reach into disclosure of assets. Bever's client Gohil made it clear… Read More
The internet has enabled people to conduct their own pre-divorce research: a mixed blessing, believes Richard Collins. 'People will come in and tell you 20 points and three of them are relevant from a legal point of view,' he says…. Read More
JANE CRAIG
A seasoned solicitor with 35 years' experience, Penningtons Manches' family law head Jane Craig is respected for her prowess in high-value divorce and separation cases. She also specialises in resolving complex disputes over children's arrangements and high-value Schedule 1 financial… Read More
PAULINE FOWLER
Pauline Fowler began specialising in family law in 1985 and, after 16 years at BWB, co-founded HFC with Frances Hughes and Alex Carruthers in 2001, rapidly establishing the practice as 'the go-to niche family law practice in London'. Fowler does… Read More
MARK FREEDMAN
OSBORNES LAW
Osbornes' managing partner Mark Freedman is clear why HNWs should choose his firm: 'A first class service from a team of lawyers who are ranked as a leading family department in London, and who hold external accreditations of excellence.' Freedman recently… Read More
TEERTHA GUPTA
Teertha Gupta specialises in complex cases involving children, including international relocation, cross border parental abduction, and surrogacy. He's extended his caseload into adult representation for those accused of forced marriage or spousal abandonment. Gupta took silk six years ago, and… Read More
SARA HANNELL
An experienced and respected lawyer with an international clientele, Sara Hannell knows Brexit's impact. 'International families are feeling less settled and less welcome in the UK,' she says. 'Some Middle Eastern clients have become less willing to base themselves in… Read More
CHARMAINE HAST
WEDLAKE BELL
A veteran of big-money divorce for over 35 years in South Africa and London, Charmaine Hast is highly regarded among peers. A QC calls her 'an outstanding practitioner, hard as nails when it counts, soft as a feather when needed',… Read More
ALISON HAYES
Alison Hayes describes her route into family | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.650131 | -0.083713 | -0.330059 | 0.097143 |
law as 'very bland', saying she fell into it accidentally rather than by any personal design. 'I probably thought I'd be an entertainment lawyer — but I did a seat in family law… Read More
THE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY LAW GROUP LLP
An experienced lawyer, mediator and arbitrator, IFLG's joint founding partner David Hodson is proud of his firm's first decade. 'We were the world's first practice looking after the interests of international families and their children, combining lawyers, mediators and arbitrators…. Read More
MATTHEW HUMPHRIES
An energetic and engaging young partner rising quickly through the ranks of family law, Matthew Humphries is an expert in resolving complex financial claims on family breakdown. He specialises in representing HNWs and their spouses, frequently in cases involving intricate… Read More
DEBORAH JEFF
SEDDONS
' I love the insight into people's lives, how and why they have ended up needing my help and then strategising a way out of it for them. It's constantly challenging and plays to my creative side while still applying… Read More
JEREMY LEVISON
A lawyer with a 'wealth of knowledge and experience that can't be beaten,' according to peers, Levison has been going to bat for divorcing HNWs for over 40 years. A co-founder of the firm and the International Academy of Family… Read More
RHIANNON LEWIS
A family law veteran with over 36 years' experience, Rhiannon Lewis specialises in separation, divorce, financial claims and settlements, frequently of an international nature. Probed for the latest trends, she points to the 'inconsistency in family law tribunals — especially… Read More
SAM LONGWORTH
An integral member of Stewarts' top-set family team for the past ten years, partner Sam Longworth is proud of its 'longstanding place as the standout firm for high value, international, complex divorce work in London'. 2017 has been especially busy,… Read More
SIMON MCKIRGAN
A 'first class family lawyer with excellent client and case management skills', according to at least one happy client, Vardags' senior director Simon McKirgan works on the firm's divorce cases involving the greatest assets. Experienced across a wide range of… Read More
SUSAN PHILIPPS
A 'phenomenally bright, tactically astute family law solicitor with remarkable intuition', according to market authorities, AFP's co-founding partner Susan Philipps is an experienced lawyer who acts across the full breadth of family and matrimonial matters (they also describe her as… Read More
BARBARA REEVES
'Tough and thorough', peers admire the grit and determination of Mishcon de Reya's 'sharp and straight-talking' partner. From surrogacy to same sex-partnerships, Reeves advises on all aspects of private family law, with a particular interest in cases involving legal legal… Read More
JULIA STANCZYK
MILES PRESTON & CO
Senior partner Julia Stanczyk has been with Miles Preston & Co since it opened its doors in 1994, having previously been in partnership with the other two founding partners at a Westminster firm. There was never a doubt in her… Read More
AYESHA VARDAG
Founded by Ayesha Vardag in 2005 ('initially from the spare room of my Islington home'), Vardags has grown into one of the country's most prolific law firms. It is known for its confident, forceful approach and counts industrial magnates, sports… Read More
TOBY YERBURGH
COLLYER BRISTOW
Head of family law at Collyer Bristow, Toby Yerburgh, concentrates on international, high value and complex domestic divorce litigation including jurisdiction disputes, pre- and post-nuptial contracts and disputes regarding children. Over the last 12 months, he has seen an increase… Read More
Family Law Rising Stars
ED FLOYD
Lauded by leading silks as 'head and shoulders' above peers, Ed Floyd's star is rising fast. Recent work includes a 'complex, big-money' case due a 15-day High Court hearing in November | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.652848 | -0.121348 | -0.525297 | -0.152038 |
Don't follow U.S. back to Afghanistan
2 September 2017 (DAVID BERCUSON)
Canada should resist the temptation to follow America's renewed effort in Afghanistan, notes David Bercuson.
Can Defence Policy create bi-partisan consensus?
18 August 2017 (DAVID BERCUSON)
The Defence Policy is not perfect by any means, but it comes after exhaustive country-wide consultation, and although there are holes (procurement for one), David Bercuson says there is nothing to dislike.
Hybrid submarines, an efficient alternative
15 August 2017 (DANNY LAM)
Nuclear propulsion is ideal for long distances and extended under-ice missions that are unique to Canada. Is there a better, more affordable and collaborative way?
Tolerance of hate allows it to take root and flourish
The father of a white supremacist stands up and says "It was the silence of good people that allowed the Nazis to flourish the first time around, and it is the silence of good people that is allowing them to flourish now."
Selling UN Peacekeeping to Canadians
14 August 2017 (BLAIR GILMORE)
The CAF really shines when it comes to niche military areas of expertise – we know how to specialize and become world experts. Peacekeeping of today is different, and leveraging the capabilities provided by civilian organizations that can blend advanced education, military experience and real-world approaches to address these complex realities is the next crucial step in becoming a global leader.
Wildfire Responder Support
11 August 2017 (JAMES PARKER)
Central BC's declared state of emergency has been extended until at least August 18. Firefighters require a huge support system behind them. Here's an insider's view from behind the scene.
Don't Let Trump Start a War with North Korea
North Korea's recent ICBM launch is a stark reminder of the dangers posed by the rogue regime in Pyongyang. Instead of choosing between attacking North Korea or allowing it to have nuclear weapons, a clear and consistent approach to deter threats from Kim Jong-Un is needed.
2017 Canada Army Run Dinner guest speakers
2 August 2017 (ARMY PUBLIC AFFAIRS)
Two exceptional special guest speakers have been confirmed for the Canada Army Run Pasta Dinner on September 16.
Unravelling the Omar Khadr payoff
1 August 2017 (SCOTT NEWARK)
It's been just over a month since Canadians learned that their federal government had decided to issue an apology to Omar Khadr and to provide him with $10.5M in 'compensation'. Let's review the facts.
Will the Philippines become a failed state?
25 July 2017 (JAYA PRAKASH)
Ground readings suggest the Philippines is precariously close to becoming a failed state – a situation the world should not ignore.
RCN diplomacy in West Africa deployment
24 July 2017 (BLAIR GILMORE)
Keeping with the tradition of Canadian ingenuity, RCN planners came up with an innovative solution to building a positive presence in the region of West Africa.
Can USN sink Canada's IP Piracy policy?
24 July 2017 (DANNY LAM)
The U.S. Navy has decided it needs 20 new missile-guided ships, with first delivery in 2024. Canada has been toying with the idea of a new Surface Combatant for years now, with very little progress (hoped for delivery starting 2026). Will the IP requirements of one project impact the other?
More secrecy in govt now, thanks to Access to Info
14 July 2017 (BRETT BOUDREAU)
Rather than encourage accountability, accumulated flaws of the antiquated Access to Information Act (ATI Act) serve to shield against transparency within the bureaucracy of government.
Reality check for the PM
11 July 2017 (CHRIS MacLEAN)
A new Angus Reid poll shows that 71% of Canadians feel Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made the wrong | [
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After two long days of driving across 1400 miles, we were ready for some adventure. It may have been a tad out of the way, but we decided on an overnight stay in Palo Duro Canyon State Park (27 miles southeast of Amarillo, Texas).
The canyon is thought to be the 2nd largest canyon in the United States. It is not nearly as deep as the Grand Canyon (only approx. 800 feet deep as opposed to 6,000 feet deep), but it is an impressive 120 miles long and as wide as 20 miles. Driving towards the canyon it is completely flat and you can see for miles. We never would have suspected that a canyon lies there and were astounded by the sudden beauty that unfolded.
We arrived about a half hour before sunset and had no problems getting a campsite (however reservations are highly recommended during their busy season). Note: You do have to pay the state park entrance fee in addition to the rate for the campsite. Still, with 2 adults and 6 children, $34 for a night of camping in such majestic surroundings is worth it!
All of the campgrounds are down in the canyon, which is awesome because every direction you look you see the canyon walls. We stayed in Sagebrush Camp Area which is approximately 2 miles from the front gate. I'm not sure that we would have wanted to navigate the steep drive down to the campground in the dark, but it sure is beautiful. The Sagebrush Camp Area offers 30/50 amp service, a picnic table, a fire ring, and is in close proximity to the Pioneer Amphitheater and Trading Post.
A trail from the campground connects to the Nature Trail, but we found that the trails were poorly marked so we just did a little exploring on our own and then returned to camp to enjoy a warm campfire. The temperature sure drop quickly once the sun goes down!
We awoke early the next morning to watch the sunrise. Pictures do not capture how breathtakingly beautiful it is. Once the sun was up it was time to hit the trails before getting on the road.
We pulled off our site and drove another few miles down the road and parked near Hackberry Camp Area.
We decided on the Paseo Del Rio trail, an easy 2.06 miles (there and back) trail that follows the river.
Approximately 1/8 mile into the hike you pass a Cowboy Dugout. Peak inside for a look into how the cowboys lived in the 1880s.
We saw a lot of wildlife along this trail, including turkeys and a roadrunner.
It was the perfect length for a quick morning hike before another day in the car. We would love to return to Palo Duro Canyon State Park for a longer stay and hike some of the other trails, especially the Lighthouse Trail that leads to the iconic Lighthouse rock formation.
Be sure to follow us on all of our adventures on Instagram @pocketful_of_treasures and check out the Travel tab on my blog.
When we arrived in Florida, PopPop told the girls that if they saw an alligator he would give them $5. We thought for sure we would see one at Johnathan Dickinson State Park, but when we did not I did what any mom would do and googled "best places to see alligators in Florida". Myakka River State Park was at the top of the list and was en route to our next location. It's located just a few miles outside of Sarasota and I-75, but it's natural beauty is enchanting! Myakka River is not only one of the oldest and largest state parks, it is one of the most scenic areas in Florida.
It is only $6 per vehicle (exact change preferred) to enter, which in my opinion is a bargain for all you get to see here. Shortly after you pass through the gate you will go over the Myakka River.
There are some very small parking areas here where you can pull off and walk over the bridge for some great views of birds and alligators.
A little further down the road there is a small picnic area on the left that provided an even closer encounter with an alligator. Here you can walk right up to the rivers edge and just on the other side was an alligator sunbathing. Please | [
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use caution, especially with young children and pets. I was surprised to learn that alligators can swim up to 20mph and sprint up to 11mph on land.
If you continue down the road a little further you will come to the Nature Trail and Canopy Walk trailhead. We did not see any alligators here, but this is a stop you do not want to miss! There are tons of learning opportunities here and we honestly could have spent the entire day here with our nature journals if we had more time. Some of the trees appear to have sustained some damage during a hurricane and are growing in all kinds of different directions. It feels like you are walking through a jungle. The girls nicknamed the tree above the "Grandpa tree" and are posing like old ladies next to PopPop.
Like most nature trails, there are signs along the way to tell you what you are looking at. See the line on the palm trees where it changes from dark to light? That is the high water line.
The only type of palm trees here is the cabbage palm (Sabal palm). Seedlings are fan shaped like palmettos. You can tell the difference between a young palm tree and a palmetto by looking at the stems.
The nature trail continues on, but we cut over to the Canopy Walk, which includes a suspension bridge and tower. It is one of only approximately 20 canopy walkways worldwide!
Because plant sugars are produced high up by the treetops, many insects, birds, and other organisms that depend upon those plant sugars also live far above the ground.
The walkway is suspended 25 feet above the ground and extends 100 feet to give you opportunities to view life that you may not be able to see from the ground, like the Resurrection Ferns in the photo above, Butterfly Orchid, Ballmoss, and Cardinal Airplant. There are 16 species of arboreal ants that have been identified.
At the end of the suspended walkway, a tower takes you 74 feet into the air. It would have been a good idea to bring binoculars!
Afraid of heights? Traveling with pets? Or just need a place to hang and wait for those that are slower than you? No problem! There are several benches at the base of the tower to enjoy the serene surroundings.
Those who decide to climb will be rewarded with beautiful views of the treetops and wetlands.
A few of our kids are slightly afraid of heights, but nothing a little Stress Away and encouragement could not take care of. We all made it!!!
The sun was quickly making its descent so we had to hurry back to the RV, but this State Park has definitely made our list of places to come back and explore. With a river, 2 lakes, and nearly 40 miles of trails, there is plenty to see and do here!
Be sure to follow us on all of our adeventures on Instagram @pocketful_of_treasures and check out the Travel tab on my blog.
For months my mom and dad had been planning a very special trip to take the children to Clearwater Marine Aquarium to see Hope and Winter from Dolphin Tale and Dolphin Tale 2. She bought them the movies this past summer and they have watched them a few dozen times times. Then we found the book Dolphin Tale 2 at a thrift store right before we left on our trip to Florida. What a great find! Plus, it has fit perfectly into our homeschool study of Swimming Creatures (Apologia).
My mom purchased the tickets before we found out military families receive free admittance, so you may want to read through their discounts carefully before purchasing. Of course, buying tickets and donating to their mission to rescue and rehabilitate marine animals is not a bad thing.
We visited on one of their busiest days of the year - Black Friday. It was a little crazy and took some extra patience, but still very worth it! We did get to experience Winter Wonderland and get pictures taken with Winter Claus. There was also a Kids Zone on the third floor with Holiday crafts and activities.
We were there for approximately 3.5 hours. Without the crowds you could probably see everything in an hour. If you want to hit every presentation, read about all of the animals they have rescued, or book any animal interactions or tours then you can easily spend the entire | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.665075 | -1.336724 | 0.631781 | 0.797885 |
day here. We did go to several of the presentations including Dolphin Anatomy Game (very interactive and the kids got to participate), Resident Dolphin Talk, and Tail Talk. We could definitely have spent more time viewing the ICU Hallway and Animal Hospital, but it was super packed when we walked through.
Most of the presentations were on the Stranding Deck at Nicholas' pool. Nicholas puts on a great show!
Nicholas had followed his sick mom onto shore when he was just a few months old. He was rescued on Christmas Eve and suffered 3rd degree skin burns across 36% of this body. Within 9 months the burns healed and he was nursed back to health, but because he was orphaned and did not have his mom to teach him how to hunt, echolocate, escape predators, and other skills necessary for survival, he has become a resident dolphin at Clearwater Marine Aquarium. Nicholas is energitic so if you do not want to get splashed, do not sit in the first few rows on the bleachers!
Hope and Winter are the other two resident dolphins presently at Clearwater Marine Aquarium. Winter became famous in the movie Dolphin Tale, but we were surprised to learn that there are many differences between the movie and true story.
Winter was found stranded and entangled in a crab trap line, but she was only two months old and was found on the East coast of Florida in Mosquitto Lagoon near Cape Canaveral. Hubbs-Seaworld Research Institute were the first responders because they were the closest, and she was then transported to Clearwater Marine Aquarium. She did have extensive injuries which caused necrosis of her tail, but it naturally sloughed off and was not amputated. She adapted and taught herself to swim. She uses the prosthetic tail as part of her therapy. She never minded the prosthetic as the movie portrays because the trainers desensitized her by slowly introducing it to her environment over several weeks and used positive reinforcement.
Also, unlike portrayed in the movie, Hope and Winter were best friends from the start. Hope was rescued when she was only 2-3 months old. She loves playing with Winter. You can watch them swim from above on the second level of the aquarium or from below at Shipwreck Alley.
On the first level of the aquarium you also have a great view of other underwater viewing tanks. At Mavis's Rescue Hideaway you'll find several resident sea turtles. Far more sea turtles than dolphins are rescued each year due to their susceptibility to boat strikes and fishing line entanglement.
The fish and sea turtles seemed to come right over to say "hi".
I loved watching their faces and the look of wonder and discovery. They probably could have spent the afternoon here sitting and watching.
Mavis's Rescue Hideaway is also home to red fish, hogfish, and tarpon.
Around the corner is Stingray Beach. Touching the stingrays was definitely a highlight! Be sure to roll up the sleeves of your little ones before approaching 😉. There is another touch tank on the lower level where they were able to touch hermit crabs and view puffer fish.
There are a few other exhibits and presentations, like Otter Oasis, Shark Pass, and Rufus Beach. This small aquarium certainly abounds with learning opportunities and is an inspiration to many. We bought the movie Winter which highlights her real Rescue and story of survival, as well as how she has become a life-changing role model.
Whether you are traveling to Huntsville, AL for work or pleasure, the RV Park on Redstone Arsenal is a great place to stay. It is just one exit away from the US Space and Rocket Center, a must see attraction! You do have to have access to Redstone Arsenal to stay at the RV Park, which is open to Active Military, National Guard/Reservists, Retired Military, DoD Civiliand, 100% DAV, and NASA employees. Most of the sites are large pull-thru sites with a fairly level concrete pad and full hook-ups. Many of the RVers are there long term or retired, but they are required to move sites on a regular basis. Two of the sites are designated for overnight campers only. With six | [
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Order a story
Bruno Lanscape & Nursery
Author: Kitty Bartell | Photographer: M.Kat Photography
The Bruno Team (from left to right)
Steven Bruno, Gary Bruno, Curtis Cornelius and Mark Nizolek
There is a perennial gardener's adage that goes, "First year they sleep; second year they creep; third year they leap." Unlike planting trees, where strength and viability is determined by branches, bark, and blossoms, a perennial's vitality must be determined by its root system. As a perennial dies back to the ground each year, its roots are constantly strengthening and growing underground; and the gardener may be encouraged by the new flora that will be larger and more beautiful than the previous year. Sleep-creep-leap is a reminder that these plants will come into their own, in their own time.
Gary and Mary Ann Bruno know a great deal about allowing things to come into their own, in their own time. The owners of Bruno Landscape and Nursery on Hilton Head Island opened their landscape maintenance business in 1989, rolling coins to purchase their first truck, with a baby on the way and a belief in their ability to be the best at what they do. As the business grew, so did the family; and now the two have merged into a thriving, collaborative business built on the strength of each member of the family, whether Aunt Beth Nizolek working in the nursery, or a grandmother doing some filing. Daughters Nikki Bruno and Jenna Hull, and son Steven Bruno, have each joined the company and found their niches as well. "It really is a great family business," Mary Ann Bruno said. "We make room for everybody, because everybody has their own talents. Jenna has really jumped into the accounting and advertising, and our son has followed Gary."
A recent Clemson graduate, Steven is working alongside his dad in the construction division. With a degree in horticulture, he brings another set of resources to the business and to their customers. He is out in the field meeting clients, working on quoting projects, and doing some of the drawings, said Hull, who has found her niche as office manager, working closely with Mary Ann.
Growing the business at a pace that made sense, their first decade was spent establishing the landscape maintenance division, headed up by Mary Ann's brother-in-law Mark Nizolek. Some crew members have been with Bruno for 16 years, providing customers a high degree of consistency and service. "We pride ourselves on doing the best we can for each client," Hull said.
"Every project Gary, Steven or Mark, go out on, it's like they're looking at it through the homeowner's eyes," Mary Ann said. Putting themselves in the customers' shoes has made for long-term relationships. "We would rather keep the same customers and the same employees, and keep them all happy."
In 2000, the family acquired four acres on Dillon Road, and the nursery was added to the landscaping business. It made sense to grow in a direction that would provide the burgeoning maintenance and construction divisions with better quality and fresher plant materials, along with a retail outlet for customers to buy plant and garden materials for do-it-yourself projects. Gary and Mary Ann's youngest, Nikki Bruno has found her calling there.
"I worked in the office and did accounting for a couple of years, but I really did not like sitting at a desk and being indoors. I love being outside," Nikki said. "I didn't know much about plants, so each day I took home three plants and learned everything about them. I'm still learning every day, and my dad and my brother teach me new stuff every day too."
Plants and pots on parade in the quaint garden shop
Once a place where crews and trucks and trailers rolled off the property to do their work, Bruno Landscape and Nursery now is also a charming, well-stocked, haven for garden lovers—amateur to expert. Nikki and team members Curtis Cornelius and Sherry Brun have seen to that with tidy row upon tidy row of their ample inventory of plants displayed on raised tables—much easier for seeing, selecting, and lifting—covered shelters where pottery and garden accessories are well protected and accessible, and a cottagey wooden shed fitted with | [
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everything else a gardener may need. The nursery has played host to several club events and even a book reading. Practically perfect in every way, the effect is enchanting.
"There are a lot of do-it-yourself people here," Mary Ann said. "We're finding a lot of people like to come in and get ideas. Nikki and Curtis are great with that. Customers will bring their iPads with pictures, and then they will purchase the plants. They're saving money, getting quality fresh plants and learning how to take care of them." There is always someone knowledgeable in the nursery helping customers.
"We're heading into fall, our favorite season," Nikki said. "This is the fun season for us. The weather is changing and people are shifting from flowers and annuals to perennials that will make it through the winter." Getting into the autumnal spirit, the nursery is stocked with terra cotta and ceramic statuary and pumpkins, which the team has creatively used in displays intended to inspire.
Last fall, Mary Ann brought in Talavera pottery pumpkins, which sold out by the end of September. The traditional maiolica earthenware pieces are hand-thrown with a creamy crazed glaze over the brightly colored natural pigment designs. She upped the order this year, but they are still likely to disappear quicker than candy on Halloween night. Hewn from North Carolina timber, the nursery also sells beautifully made wood benches, inspired by a bench Gary designed and made for Jenna's wedding.
Gary and Mary Ann literally deliver the Christmas spirit to the nursery, personally selecting and driving fresh cut Christmas trees from North Carolina. "We go and look at the lots and choose the trees—how many and what sizes. We bring our trailer on a Friday night, they load it on Saturday, and by Sunday the trees are in the nursery in individual buckets of water," Mary Ann said. "We do take special tree requests, and we also do roping and wreaths. Everything is so fresh."
The Bruno family members have certainly found their niches, where individuality is celebrated and encouraged to sleep, creep, and then leap, and come into its own, in its own time, much like the business itself. "If you call here, chances are you'll get a family member," Mary Ann said. "Tuesday nights, my mom makes dinner and there are four generations at the table." The roots are strong here, fertilized with family, fun, a little dirt under the fingernails, and plenty of love.
Please visit Bruno Landscape and Nursery at 109 Dillon Road, Hilton Head Island. Hours are Monday through Friday, 9 a.m.–4:30 p.m., and Saturdays 9 a.m.–3 p.m. Gift certificates are available in the nursery, and Wednesday is Senior Gardener Day when everything is 10 percent off. For more information, please call the nursery at (843) 682-2624, the office at (843) 681-7022, or visit brunolandscapeandnursery.com.
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Winning the race for a digital nation
Source: Public Sector Executive April/May 2014
Helen Milner, chief executive of the Tinder Foundation, a not-for-profit staff-owned mutual improving digital skills, discusses what needs to happen to get everyone online.
It's clear that the government is committed to digital. By the end of this year, the move across to GOV.UK will be complete, consolidating old websites and bringing more transactional services online. It's a big investment, but according to the Cabinet Office's November 2012 Strategy Report, savings of £70bn by 2020 can be realised by digitising its activities.
Of course, channel shift isn't a new idea. Councils began presenting council tax balances and statements online in the early 2000s, and there are a lot of ways you can now interact with government online – something that will continue to increase over the coming years. Socitm has previously estimated English council savings through channel shift could be between £134m and £421m for 'front office' processes alone.
For a while now, Martha Lane Fox, Go ON UK and Booz & Co have answered "£63bn" to the question "what's the total potential benefit – not just savings – of the UK becoming a leading digital nation in the global economy?"
£63bn – so the benefits are clear. It's a pretty big number, but it doesn't work without 100% of the nation being online. So how do we get there, and what will it cost?
In partnership with Go ON UK, we've just launched a new report that answers that very question – how much will it cost to get the whole nation online – 'A leading digital nation by 2020'.
We commissioned Catherine McDonald to author the report and work with us, consult key stakeholders, and build a mathematical model where we could test certain assumptions and calculate the investment needed. She calculated what it would cost to get 100% of the UK population to become regular internet users with basic online skills by 2020. The total investment needed would be £875m.
Having established a price, our report suggests the investment should be split three ways – across the public, private and voluntary and community sectors. That's £292m for each sector. Or, £50m per year, per sector (cash and in-kind) over the six years until 2020.
Let's think about the inputs:
• 11 million – number of people in 2013 who don't have basic online skills
• £875m – investment needed to help 100% of the population gain the internet skills they need by 2020
• £292m – investment split across the three sectors
• £50m – annual investment over six years required from each of the public, private, and voluntary and community sectors
• £47-£319 – calculated range of costs of intervention per person, depending on people's historical use of the internet and other considerations
• 89% – percentage of the UK online in 2020 without additional and accelerated investment.
And now, let's think of the outcomes that will deliver:
• £108m – estimated savings for the NHS if just 1% of their face-to-face visits were converted to NHS Choices visits
• £1.7bn – Government Digital Service figure on potential savings per annum of a digita by default government
• £560 – potential average of household savings if a family starts to shop and pay bills online
• £63bn – Booz & Co total figure for the potential benefit of becoming a leading digital nation in the global economy.
So the inputs – in investment and support – might seem pretty big, but of course the prize is as well. It's not just about services online – the benefits of that are already clear. This is about the UK leading the way in becoming a digital nation, reaping rewards for individuals, small businesses and the nation as a whole. It is possible to get to 100% of the population using the internet, countries like Norway have proven that high-90%s is a real possibility.
Read the report, do your own maths and draw your own conclusions. The report and mathematical model are both on the Tinder Foundation website. All we need to do now is agree | [
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that we want to make the vision a reality: a vision of 100% of our citizens with basic online skills and the UK as a leading digital nation by 2020. Let's be ambitious and let's get on with it. It's a race we can win.
Councils agree to scrap 30 redundant public websites
ONS finds 73% of UK adults use the internet everyday
BASW calls for training to counter online abuse
19/08/2020Leeds' Clean Air Zone Plans Suspended for the foreseeable future
Leeds City Council have today (August 19) announced that their plans for a Clean Air Zone within the city may not have to go ahead due to lower e... more >
19/08/2020Apprenticeships on the rise across London boroughs
According to recent statistics by London Councils, apprenticeships directly created by London boroughs are up 14% on the previous year. ... more >
19/08/2020Colleges set to receive £200m in Funding
Over 180 colleges are set to receive a share of £200m, in order to repair and refurbish buildings and campuses. The funding makes up p... more >
more latest public sector news >
25/10/2017Take a moment to celebrate
Devolution, restructuring and widespread service reform: from a journalist's perspective, it's never been a more exciting time to report on the public sector. That's why I could not be more thrilled to be taking over the reins at PSE at this key juncture. There could not be a feature that more perfectly encapsulates this... read more >
Rob Whiteman, CEO at the Chartered Institute of Public Finance (CIPFA), discusses the benefits of long-term preventative investment. Rising demand, reducing resource – this has been th... more > more last word articles >
Leeds City Council have today (August 19) announced that their plans for a Clean Air Zone within the city may not have to go ahead due to lower emissions during the lockdown period. The coun... more >
According to recent statistics by London Councils, apprenticeships directly created by London boroughs are up 14% on the previous year. Between April 2019 and March 2020, London boroug... more >
Evolution is crucial in any business and Public Sector Executive is no different. Long before Covid-19 even became a thought in the back of our minds, the team at PSE were looking at innovative ways to deliver its content to our audience in a more dynamic and responsive manner. We're conscious to take the time to both prot... more >
Taking time to say thank you is one of the hidden pillars of a society. Being on the receiving end of some "thanks" can make communit... more >
Tom Chance, director at the National Community Land Trust Network, argues that community-led initiatives are a productive way of helping to solve... more >
19/06/2019Aberdeen's green transport fleet attracting international attention
Aberdeen City Council's hydrogen spokesperson, councillor Philip Bell, highlights the Granite City's determination to play a leading ... more >
13/06/2019A fifth of public sector workers have never received a thank you from the people they serve
A fifth of the country's public sector workers say they have NEVER received a 'thank you' for doing their job as Public Service... more >
It's no secret that the public sector and its service providers need to invest in technology to help make better use of their resources. Bu... more >
17/12/2018Digital innovation in the public sector: The future is now
One of the public sector's key technology partners has recently welcomed a new member to its team. Matt Spencer, O2's head of public ... more >
05/11/2018New Dorset Councils CEO on the creation of a new unitary: 'This is going to be the right decision for Dorset'
The new chief executive of one of the new unitary authorities in Dorset has outlined his approach to culture and work with employees, arguing tha... more >
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Black-irish dictionary definition
In Ireland, 'the jacks' means 'rest room', mostly used to discuss with public loos. Every Irish person knowns what this time period means, but few know why they use it – indeed it's tough to discover a strong explanation.
Irish people around the world
The Interprovincial Championship was previously held on 17 March however this was switched to games being played in Autumn. The island of Montserrat is named the "Emerald Island of the Caribbean" due to its founding by Irish refugees from Saint Kitts and Nevis. Montserrat is one of three locations where Saint Patrick's Day is a public holiday, together with Ireland and the Canadian province of Newfoundland & Labrador.
An instance is the wearing of 'leprechaun outfits', which are based mostly on derogatory 19th century caricatures of the Irish. In the run up to St Patrick's Day 2014, the Ancient Order of Hibernians successfully campaigned to cease main American retailers from promoting novelty merchandise that promoted negative Irish stereotypes. Glasgow has a significantly giant Irish inhabitants; due, for essentially the most part, to the Irish immigration through the 19th century.
The next yr, John Alcock and Arthur Whitten accomplished the primary non-cease flight throughout the Atlantic. They took off on 14th June 1919 from St John's in Newfoundland and landed the next day right subsequent to Marconi's station, bringing with them the first transatlantic mail. On April 1928, Dublin-born pilot Captain James FitzMaurice flew from Dublin to Newfoundland, in what was the first Trans-Atlantic plane flight from East to West. This beauty is a popular Irish supermodel, actress and singer. So Much, in 2013 yr she appeared in "The Late Show" in Ireland.
The parade lasted just 23.four metres and traveled between the village's two pubs. The annual occasion began in 1999, however ceased after 5 years when one of many two pubs closed. The subject of the 2004 St Patrick's Symposium was "Talking Irish", throughout which the character of Irish identity, financial success, and the long run have been discussed. Since 1996, there was a higher emphasis on celebrating and projecting a fluid and inclusive notion of "Irishness" quite than an identity primarily based around conventional religious or ethnic allegiance. The week around St Patrick's Day often entails Irish language speakers using extra Irish throughout Seachtain na Gaeilge ("Irish Language Week").
President's administration, although on some events the shamrock presentation was made by the Irish Taoiseach or Irish President to the U.S. The Shamrock ceremony was cancelled in 2020 because of the severity of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Since 2010, famous landmarks have been lit up in green on Saint Patrick's Day as a part of Tourism Ireland's "Global Greening Initiative" or "Going Green for St Patrick´s Day". The Sydney Opera House and the Sky Tower in Auckland have been the primary landmarks to take part and since then over 300 landmarks in fifty countries across the globe have gone inexperienced for Saint Patricks day.
Saint Patrick was a 5th-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland. Much of what's known about Saint Patrick comes from the Declaration, which was allegedly written by Patrick himself. It is believed that he was born in Roman Britain in the fourth century, into a wealthy Romano-British household. His father was a deacon and his grandfather was a priest in the Christian church.
Which Other Foods Are in a Full Irish
Neither the Catholic Church nor the Irish group, the fifth largest on the earth outside Ireland, take part in the organisation of the events. Saint Patrick's parades are actually held in lots of areas throughout Japan. The first parade, in Tokyo, was organised by The Irish Network Japan (INJ) in 1992. As nicely as Dublin, many different cities, cities, and villages in Ireland hold their very own parades and festivals, together with Cork, Belfast, Derry, Galway, Kilkenny, Limerick, and Waterford. Though Ireland turned a predominantly | [
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A March 2012 NHL Mock Draft (Picks 16-30)
By David OConnor March 21st, 2012
Recently I published the first half of A March 2012 NHL Mock Draft. If you missed the first part, you can read it here.
The order used in this mock draft is based on Stanley Cup odds, and the player rankings are based on a combination of popular opinion, as well as my personal thoughts.
Picking up at the end of the last article, here is the continuation of the mock draft, with the sixteenth through thirtieth selections.
16. Brendan Gaunce F (Belleville Bulls) (OHL)
As of today, there's a chance that Gaunce could end up going in the top ten if a team is really high on his potential. However, with the wealth of talent available in the top half of the first round this year, Gaunce slips to sixteenth overall in this mock draft. In A February 2012 NHL Mock Draft, he also went to the Stars. He is the younger brother of Colorado Avalanche prospect Cameron Gaunce, and is regularly noted for his hockey sense and great vision on the ice. Dallas selected towering defenseman Jamie Oleksiak in the first round last year, so a power-forward-type player like Brendan Gaunce makes sense in this situation.
17. Zemgus Girgensons F (Dubuque) (USHL)
Girgensons falls back three places from where he was placed last month. Going to the Sharks isn't such a bad result though. Girgensons is beginning to look like he'll be a future star in the pros. He's a big Latvian forward who, at 18, is already captain of the Dubuque Fighting Saints. In 38 games this season, he's put up a solid 39 points, including 24 assists. He is considered as "a beast" to many scouts, thanks to his big frame and goal-scoring ability. The team that drafts him will have to wait a bit for his services, as Girgensons is committed to play for the University of Vermont Catamounts next season.
18. Brady Skjei D (USA U-18) (USHL)
Skjei is considered to be an imposing defenseman on the USNTDP's blueline. Throughout the season, Skjei has been climbing draft charts, and has continued to develop his game into a professional mould. His great skating allows him to be very mobile on the ice, and that small part of his skill-set his making him look like he could be a very dependable defenseman in the NHL at some point down the road. Like Girgensons, Skjei is going the NCAA route next season, but he is committed to play for the University of Minnesota.
19. Pontus Aberg F (Djurgardens) (Sweden)
Once again, Aberg goes nineteenth overall, with the only difference being he's leaving Tennessee for Arizona. His tremendous skating ability, quick acceleration, and high-end speed allow him to create scoring opportunities on every shift. It should be noted that International Scouting Services had him ranked fifteenth overall in their February rankings. With prospect Brandon Gormley coming along nicely on the blueline, there's a good chance the Coyotes will choose a forward in the first round this year. Pontus Aberg could add some skill to the club, while also playing alongside fellow Swede, Oliver Ekman-Larsson.
20. Jarrod Maidens F (Owen Sound Attack) (OHL)
This may seem a little high if you're looking at this order in terms of player rankings. However, the reason Maidens going to New Jersey in this mock draft is exactly that: this is a mock draft. As a result, Maidens fits the needs of the current Devils hockey club, meaning he goes in the top twenty. Maidens is a big winger who plays the game with a lot of energy and passion, while he also has a nice touch around the net. He was a pure scorer in minor hockey, and even though he hasn't put up the same numbers with Owen Sound, the potential is still very much there. Maidens made a real name for himself in the 2011 OHL Playoffs, where he scored the championship winning goal for the Attack in overtime. The Dev | [
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ils drafted highly touted defenseman Adam Larsson fourth overall last season, so a two-way forward with goal scoring ability like Jarrod Maidens would be a logical choice, and would also be a nice fit in the Devils' lineup someday.
21. Stefan Matteau F (USA-U18) (USHL)
Much like last month's mock draft, Matteau ends up going to the Senators. As a result, he gets the same mini player profile. "He's dynamite," NHL Central Scouting's Jack Barzee told NHL.com. "The times I saw him, he was just pulling away from people, bulling his way down the ice and going to the net and scoring some nice goals. He can make good plays out of the corners and play physical." Ottawa has been a major shock this season, meaning they'll likely be picking when Matteau is available. Though this could be considered too high of a position for Matteau by some, Stefan could fit nicely with the Senators' core forward group. With Jared Cowen and Erik Karlsson doing a bang-up job as young guns on the Sens blueline this season, another one is not what they need right now.
22. Ludvig Bystrom D (Modo) Sweden
This is Ludvig Bystrom's first appearance in my series of mock drafts this season. Prior to the year, he wasn't considered as a first round pick on very many people's draft rankings. However, he came out like a rocket when the season began, and hasn't looked back since. He has spent the majority of the season in top Swedish junior league, where he's posted great numbers from the blueline with 29 points in 34 games, alongside over a hundred penalty minutes. His play so far has earned him twenty games with the senior team. Bystrom has been very steady all year-long, and his consistency, combined with his physical play, is sure to make him a high pick come June.
23. Slater Koekkoek D (Peterborough Petes) (OHL)
Yes, that's an old Boston Bruins logo. In case you were wondering, it was used primarily in the 1930's and 1940's. Slater Koekkoek has fallen a little bit in this mock draft, mostly because of team needs, but also due to the fact that he only played 26 games this year before his season was ended by an injury. However, there is a bucket full of potential with "Koek Squared", and he could end up going much higher than this if a team chooses to pick him over someone like Ludvig Bystrom or Brady Skjei.
24. Tomas Hertl F (HC Slavia Praha) (Czech Republic)
For starters, it should be noted that this pick originally belonged to the Nashville Predators, and was acquired in the Paul Gaustad deal. This selection number has been sticking with Hertl for a while now, as he was placed twenty-fourth in my previous mock draft, and he had the same ranking in the February issue of the ISS Top 30. Hertl has been a nice surprise for scouts this season, as his play as a teenager in the Czech Extraliga with HC Slavia Praha has been nothing short of excellent. He also performed well at the World Juniors, and his strong showing this season has made him worthy of a first-round pick. In the first half of this mock draft, the Sabres picked another forward in Radek Faksa. Coincidentally, Buffalo takes two of the top three Czech prospects, in the same mock draft.
25. Tom Wilson F (Plymouth Whalers) (OHL)
All of the Whalers fans who have followed this series can exhale, as Tom Wilson has finally made it into one of my mock drafts. Throughout the season, Wilson has risen up draft lists, mostly because of his Milan Lucic-like style of play. He's made himself a fan-favourite, and his known as a punishing winger who can put up points as well. Wilson has brought grit, physicality, and size to the Plymouth lineup this season, and has also played well with skill players such as Stefan Noesen and Rickard Rakell. At 6'4″, 200 pounds with a huge ceiling, Wilson could be a force in the NHL someday playing with the Flyers alongside Claude Giroux.
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.284708 | -0.531205 | 0.687819 | -0.609291 |
6. Mike Matheson D (Dubuque) (USHL)
Matheson is the second Dubuque player to be selected in this mock draft, and moves only one spot back from where he was placed in the last one. As much as Canucks fans may not want to admit it, Sami Salo isn't getting any younger, so a blueliner could be useful in a couple of years' time. Matheson is great at running breakouts out of the zone, and is mainly regarded as an offensive defenseman. That means he could end up get a lot of extra ice when Vancouver is on the powerplay. You could make an arguement that the Canucks should go after a forward with this pick, but after choosing Nicklas Jensen early in last year's draft, I think the smarter choice is to go defense, and choose a forward with their next pick. With Tom Wilson going off the board to Philly, and Hertl going to Nashville, Matheson is the guy in this situation.
27. Nicholas Kerdiles F (USA U-18) (USHL)
Kerdiles is someone who has been sticking around the end of the first round on the majority of mock drafts this year. The Lightning selected defenseman Griffin Reinhart in the first half of this mock draft (and, coincidentally, every other one I've written), so it's no surprise that they choose a forward in this position. In an interview with The Hockey Writers' own Shawn Reznik, Kerdiles said, "I think that I'm a power forward who has good speed and skill. I like to use my size and speed to get around defenders on rushes and I tend to use my body in the corners in order to protect the puck. I pride myself on being a two-way player who can not only score in the offensive zone, but also play strong defense down low in the defensive zone." General manager Steve Yzerman would be pleased to get exactly that kind of player.
28. Andreas Athanasiou F (London Knights) (OHL)
This pick goes slightly off the board. Athanasiou was almost a lock to be a first round selection prior to the start of his second season with the Knights, but because he hasn't performed to expectations, he's now being projected as a second round pick. I see London play on a regular basis, and if there's one undeniable thing about Athanasiou, it's that he has an amazing amount of potential. He just doesn't always show it. His hands are out of this world, his skill with the puck is ridiculous, plus he's quick, and a great skater. Picked in the fourth round by the Knights in the 2010 OHL Priority Selection, Athanasiou has played way above the typical expectations for a fourth rounder. He'll be hoping a similar pattern follows him to the next level. Make sure to check out his moves on YouTube, because there are some pretty good ones.
29. Martin Frk F (Halifax Mooseheads) (QMJHL)
Frk's season was really derailed early on due to a lingering concussion that kept him out of action for 97 days. As a result, he's only played 36 games with the Mooseheads this season. Though the concussion might scare some teams away from drafting him, there's no denying that Frk has the potential and talent to be a star in the NHL someday. His hand-eye coordination and the power he generates on his shot are great, and his powerful legs give him tremendous balance on the ice. The Blues have been one of the major surprises in the NHL this season, and drafted another right-winger in Ty Rattie early in last year's draft. However, general manager Doug Armstrong might be willing to take a shot at someone who could be a future first-liner such as Frk.
30. Dalton Thrower D (Saskatoon Blades) (WHL)
This is Thrower's first appearance in my series of mock drafts this season. Like many others in this mock draft, Thrower was not really thought of as first round pick potential at the start of the season. Most people will agree that he's added a nice offensive part to his game this year. However, he's mostly known as a gritty defenseman that he's willing to drop the gloves. You may have noticed Thrower when | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.346181 | -0.576445 | 0.33814 | -0.621406 |
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pulse/simple.h>
#include <pulse/error.h>
#include "ga-common.h"
#include "ga-conf.h"
#include "ga-module.h"
#include "rtspconf.h"
#include "asource.h"
#ifdef ENABLE_AUDIO
#define PULSEAUDIO_CHUNKSIZE 1024
#define AUDIOBUF_BUFSIZE 16384
static int asource_initialized = 0;
static int asource_started = 0;
static pthread_t asource_tid;
static pa_simple *pa_ctx = NULL;
static pa_sample_spec pa_spec;
static int
asource_init(void *arg) {
int error;
const char *dev = "auto_null.monitor";
char pa_devname[64];
pa_usec_t delay = 0;
struct RTSPConf *rtspconf = rtspconf_global();
if(asource_initialized != 0)
return 0;
if((delay = ga_conf_readint("audio-init-delay")) > 0) {
usleep(delay*1000);
}
//
if(rtspconf->audio_device_format != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16) {
ga_error("audio source: unsupported audio format (%d).\n",
rtspconf->audio_device_format);
return -1;
}
if(rtspconf->audio_device_channel_layout != AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO) {
ga_error("audio source: unsupported channel layout (%llu).\n",
rtspconf->audio_device_channel_layout);
return -1;
}
if(ga_conf_readv("audio-capture-device", pa_devname, sizeof(pa_devname)) != NULL) {
dev = pa_devname;
}
ga_error("audio source: device name = %s\n", dev);
//
bzero(&pa_spec, sizeof(pa_spec));
pa_spec.channels = rtspconf->audio_channels;
pa_spec.rate = rtspconf->audio_samplerate;
pa_spec.format = PA_SAMPLE_S16LE;
pa_ctx = pa_simple_new(NULL, "gaminganywhere-asource-pulseaudio",
PA_STREAM_RECORD, dev,
"gaminganywhere-record-stream", &pa_spec, NULL, NULL, &error);
if(pa_ctx == NULL) {
ga_error("audio source: pulseaudio initialization failed - %d:%s.\n",
error, pa_strerror(error));
return -1;
}
pa_simple_get_latency(pa_ctx, &error);
if(error) {
ga_error("audio source: pulseaudio unable to retrieve latency - %d:%s\n",
error, pa_strerror(error));
} else {
ga_error("audio source: pulseaudio latency = %dus\n", delay);
}
if(audio_source_setup(AUDIOBUF_BUFSIZE, pa_spec.rate, 16, pa_spec.channels) < 0) {
ga_error("audio source: setup failed.\n");
pa_simple_free(pa_ctx);
pa_ctx = NULL;
return -1;
}
asource_initialized = 1;
ga_error("audio source: setup chunk=%d, bufsize=%d, samplerate=%d, bits-per-sample=%d, channels=%d\n",
PULSEAUDIO_CHUNKSIZE,
AUDIOBU | [
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] | 1,024 | Github | -1.735449 | 0.60022 | -1.182513 | -1.25754 |
Travels With an Alien
131. Riots
C.W. scared the daylights out of me. I was reading when he burst into the room in a panic, slammed the door, and started pushing furniture against it.
"You've got to help me," he said breathlessly.
Being still stunned, I simply looked at him. He put an ear to the door and listened. He was in a blue workman's outfit with a nametag stating, "C.W. – Prophet" over the pocket. After a few moments, he relaxed and turned toward me, leaning his back against the door. "Thought I was a goner," he said.
He continued to catch his breath. When it became apparent that no one was following, he walked to a chair, sat, and began to explain.
"It all started with an assignment from the Falloonian Elders," he said.
"Which was?"
"To report on all the furor your species has created over gun control." He took a breath. "It's not the first time, you know."
"So …, my conclusion was that guns are not your problem."
"No, your problem is your reliance on violence as the method of choice for conflict resolution, your distrust of strangers, and a general hatred of folks outside your immediate tribe. Guns are simply the easiest tool for the otherwise powerless." He paused. "The distrust is significant. There are even entire cities, you know, where everyone there is just like everyone else there."
"Go on," I said.
"Well," he said. "I didn't leave it at that. No. I decided that what your species badly needs is a communal philosophy that counteracts these impulses." He looked at the floor. "And, that I could design such a philosophy and spread it."
Now I was getting interested. "So?"
"The philosophy was simple," he said. "It would urge people to honor peacemakers, the merciful, the pure in heart, the poor in spirit, and those who comfort one another instead of blowing them away." He looked at me for approval. "Those are the main ones. There are more. Oh, there's also the admonition not to condemn others—say for their sexuality—so that you won't be judged for your own sexual habits." He smiled. "I like that one."
"C.W." I said. "That all sounds vaguely familiar."
"Oh, I borrowed much of it from an old body of teachings by a group once quite prevalent in your country. It has dwindled now to a few small bands, mostly elderly, and a few so-called filthy liberals."
"So, how it is going?"
"Not good," he said. "I decided to try it out."
"Try it out?"
"Yes, I saw where a large group had gathered in some huge building out on the interstate, so I assumed my most charming form and asked if I could deliver a message to them."
"I had to bribe them with something called a 'love offering' but they finally allowed it."
"I got about halfway through and they began to fidget."
"I saw the flash of a pistol barrel. Then another. And another."
"I got the hell out of there. They formed a mob and chased me here."
As it is written:
We played the flute for you, and
You did not dance;
We wailed, and you did not
-The Alien C.W.
"The congregation chased you here?"
"All the way. I was terrified."
"They wanted to harm you?"
"Harm me?" he said with alarm. "I think they wanted to crucify me!"
Posted by JimmieG at 6:04 AM
Labels: anger, Christianity, communications, critical thinking, Guns, Prophecy
About C.W.
C.W. is a weird alien from a place far away named Falloonia. He is able to change shapes at will so I can't really describe him. He is likey to appear in any shape, anywhere, anytime. He has a bizarre sense of humor, as you will see. Not only can he appear in any shape he chooses, he sometimes appears as multiple shapes and can even go back in history in a process he calls "enphasing."
Don't ask.
So I hope you enjoy the little dude | [
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Home » Instruments » 10 Most Fascinating Medieval Musical Instruments
10 Most Fascinating Medieval Musical Instruments
Music was as much a part and parcel of the social and cultural life of the medieval times, as it is today. Many historical documents, research and excavations reveal that all sorts of musical instruments were evolved in the Middle East and European cultures, and their forms ranged from simple to complex. Some of these instruments have become archaic and only remain as a subject for research and study. A few of them have passed the test of time and become an integral part of contemporary music. Many of the instruments have been modified and upgraded to suit the modern music style and performances. Let's take a look at these glorious musical instruments and understand their significance and working.
1. Gemshorn
2. Bladder pipe
3. Cornamuse
4. Crumhorn
5. Bumbulum
6. Naqareh
7. Rebec
8. Hurdy Gurdy
9. Sackbut
10. Tabor Pipe
source: wikimedia
Gemshorn is a wind instrument from the medieval ages made from the horn of a goat or chamois. Remains of this ancient musical instrument have been found at excavations in European countries, and historians date these back to the 15th century. Finger holes along the horn were used to give a range of tones. The pointed end of the horn formed the bottom-end and was left intact. The player could blow from the hollowed wide-end of the horn. The sound of the music from the Gemshorn was quite raw yet gentle. It is believed that herdsmen probably played the Gemshorn to calm their cattle.
Gemshorn from the medieval era has been adapted in the modern music world as well. Contemporary horns are made of cattle horn or synthetic materials and come with tuning rings for better control on the tones.
The Bladder pipe can be regarded as a simpler primitive version of the Bagpipe. It consisted of an animal bladder, a blowpipe and a tube with finger holes for creating melody. The performer would blow through a reed mouthpiece into the inflated bladder continuously and make musical sounds.
The origins of the Bladder Pipe can be traced back to the 13th century European civilizations, but it is believed that the instrument gained much popularity between the 14th and 16th century. While the instrument was popular it was even linked to angels and divinity. Some studies suggest that as the popularity of the Bladder Pipe dwindled, it came to be frequently associated with the peasantry.
The Cornamuse is a medieval wind instrument that evolved during the Renaissance period and is still in use in European classical music culture. It is believed that primitive versions of the Cornamuse existed much earlier than the Renaissance times.
The instrument can be best described as a long tubular structure with a closed bottom. The instrument has several holes and the player blows into a bow pipe jutting out at the top. It is made of wood and the mouthpiece is made of double reed. In the medieval times the Cornamuse was made in different sizes. The sound from the Cornamuse is very soft and soothing.
Another popular medieval woodwind instrument from the Renaissance era is the Crumhorn. The Crumhorn has been associated with early music of German, French and Spanish cultures. With the growing interest in early and medieval musical instruments, the Crumhorn has gained the attention of contemporary musicians.
The Crumhorn appears to be a bent or curved horn, somewhat long but not as big as the Cornamuse. Interestingly, the reed of the Crumhorn is securely enclosed with a cap. The musician doesn't directly touch the reed, but blows through a slot in the cap. The Crumhorn makes a strong vibrating music when the musician blows through it.
The Bumbulum is one of the medieval musical instruments which have not been revived again. Fascinatingly, no relics have been found which could throw any light on the practical use of this instrument. Any knowledge that we have of the Bumbulum is limited to the illustrations and references found in historic manuscripts.
From these manuscripts, it appears that the Bumbulum was made of several metal plates and an angular frame. There is hardly any information regarding how the instrument was played or how significant it was. Still it's true, the illustrations and descriptions of Bumbulum have found the fascination of histor | [
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The Federal Assistance Law Division assists the Commerce Department with all legal services associated with federal assistance. On this site you can find out contact information for the staff members, identify staff client assignments, read archived legal articles prepared by staff members, view federal assistance presentations created for clients, find a list of grant programs with supporting statutory citations linked to the statutes, administrative regulations, OMB Circulars, and Commerce policies governing the award of federal assistance by all of the bureaus within the Department.
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The Federal Assistance Law Division (FALD) of the Office of the Assistant General Counsel for Finance and Litigation is headed by Percy Robinson. Staffed by nine attorneys and one administrative assistant, FALD attorneys are co-located with the three primary grants offices servicing the Department: at headquarters in Washington, D.C., at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's offices in Silver Spring, MD, and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD.
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The Grants Management Division provides the Commerce Department's federal assistance policy for grants and cooperative agreements. Clicking on the following links will take you to the main Commerce Department federal assistance policy webpage, complete with links to important grants and cooperative agreements policy documents, and links to the documents themselves:
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Department of Commerce Pre-Award Notification Require | [
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The Pondering 10 - Most Fascinating Things of 2022
There goes another year beyond the pandemic - are we still in one? Yeah? No? Whatever. Regardless of what we're identifying this year as, in the immediate reflection, 2022 is an incredibly busy year where we went from an almost lockdown with variants and returns of COVID to the most "return-to-normal" we've experienced since 2019.
2022 was indeed that kind of year, filled with a mixed bag of leftovers, new strife, and dealing with what will stay here for a bit longer going forward.
As always, before the traditional (the 17th annual!!!) Year in Review post, here is a quick post on the things I found the most fascinating in 2022.
Most Fascinating Things: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, & 2021
Dome Pondering - 2022 Year in Review coming soon.
10. "How the Word is Passed" - Clint Smith's book (A New York Times Best Seller) was by far my favorite of 2022 to read. I had the pleasure to meet Smith at a work conference, and my encounter, like my interaction with his book, carries and is steeped in an education, passion, and sincere truth from Smith's dedication to the time of slavery and how it exists in our current society. I'm not joking when I say this is a must-read and a certified shelfer.
9. Victor Wembanyama - Wembanyama is the create-a-player we've all been generating in video games for years come to life. This hoops fan can't get enough clips of Wembanyama. Easily the biggest generational talent since LeBron James is here. I don't care what the odds are, please let the Knicks get the #1 pick! Sorry, had to put it out there. I still don't think he's real at times.
8. Internet/Social Media - After a pandemic that left us tied to everything virtual and digital, 2022's renewal has so many of us examining our use of technology, social media, and where and how it fits our lives with boundaries. Personally, I've taken a step back on my social media interaction with periods this year of "detoxing". Add in misinformation, misrepresentation of reality, the natural harms of overuse, and social media evaluation (through new ownership or sheer accountability) - we're moving toward a new realm of society's engagement with the internet and social media.
7. Marijuana Legalization - I've battled all year with the fact that there are so many people who freely make money off of weed, who capitalize weed, and who openly purchase and use weed, while thousands of individuals are in jail for the same thing. I also constantly think about "The War on Drugs" and how it fueled gangs, street wars, and continued negative cyclical impacts on urban areas and areas of people of color. But just like that, poof! The war is over.
I appreciate President Biden's approach to reform and even looking to pardon those in prison, but the development definitely fascinates and constantly keeps me pondering on who we're willing to punish.
Shout out to Jay-Z who tackled the issue in probably what is the greatest rap verse of the year in "God Did". Here's a small sample of his comments:
I left the dope game with my record clean, huh / I turned the cocaína into champagne
Judge it how you judge it, say we goin' corporate / Nah, we just corner boys with the corner office
6. Gun Safety Discussions - You would think after everything that happened in Uvalde, Texas this year, that the winds would drastically blow towards serious measures on gun safety. Yes, we did get a shocking bi-partisan bill to move in that direction, but the mere discourse among our politicians (and celebrities turned activists?) and those with obvious monetary ties and lobby responsibilities are disgusting. "We need more doors" was a legit response from a politician. I can't believe we, as a nation, let these matters | [
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Teddy Bear Jigsaw Puzzle Game
Teddy Bear Puzzle Details:
About: Developed simultaneously by toy makers Morris Michtom in the US and Richard Steiff in Germany in the early years of the 20th century, and named after President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, Jr., the teddy bear is an iconic children's toy. First teddy bears sought to imitate the form of real bear cubs; modern "teddies" come in all shapes, colors, materials and sizes. So what are you waiting for click start and put the fluffy toy back together in today's new online jigsaw.
<iframe width="800" height="600" src="https://cdn2.dailyjigsawpuzzles.net/1116.html" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
Liked "Teddy Bear" ?
Time for a rest. So sit down with us and today's new puzzle which features a comfy sofa. If you don't know by know a couch or sofa is a piece of furniture for seating two or more people in the form of a bench, with or without armrests, that is partially or entirely upholstered, and often fitted with springs and tailored cushions.
Colorful Rubber Bands
Commonly used to hold multiple objects together, most rubber bands are manufactured out of natural rubber, and are sold in a variety of sizes and colors. The rubber band was patented in England on March 17, 1845, by Stephen Perry.
This new jigsaw puzzle features a bunch of freshly collected sea shells. Choose your difficulty level and start putting it back together.
Vintage Cameras
In this new puzzles we feature a couple of vintage cameras and lenses. The first permanent photograph of a camera image was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris. the 1830s, the English scientist Henry Fox Talbot independently invented a process to fix camera images using silver salts. The first photographic camera developed for commercial manufacture was a daguerreotype camera, built by Alphonse Giroux in 1839. The use of photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885 before switching to celluloid in 1889. The first camera utilizing digital technologies to capture and store images was developed by Kodak engineer Steven Sasson in 1975.
Hindu Temple Statues
Today we're visiting a Hindu temple and putting back together some very beautiful and colorful statues representing the deities worshiped there. Pick your difficulty level and have fun!
Golden Rider
In today's puzzle we feature the Golden Rider statue in Dresden -located in the Innere Neustadt. This equestrian statue of August the Strong depicts the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania dressed as a Roman emperor. Located accross the Augustus Bridge, Golden Rider was erected by the son of Augustus, in 1733, to commemorate the life and work of his father.
Assorted Seashells
We're back from the beach and we brought back a bunch of assorted colorful seashells. Join us and put the colorful shells back together as fast as you can and get a top spot on our daily game leader boards. Have fun!
Scarecrows or hay-men are human shaped decoy mannequins that are placed in open fields to scare birds such as crows or sparrows from feeding on recently cast seed and growing crops. In today's new puzzle we feature a close-up of one such mannequins sitting in a field keeping the birds of away.
Colorful Graffiti Characters
Another very colorful and interesting jigsaw puzzle is here! Today we feature a piece of an wall covered in all sorts of colorful graffiti characters. Give it a try!
The mail is here! Today we feature four curbside style mailboxes. The traditional dome-rectangular or 'tunnel-top' design first established in 1915 by postal regulations in the U.S. Currently, curbside mailboxes are classified as (T) Traditional, (C) Contemporary, or (L) | [
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Students showcase art
By Elizabeth Meemken / In Art, Events, Featured, Variety / March 21, 2013
Photo by Beth Meemken. "Society's Image," a mixed media art piece by Kate Hammero.
The Annual Juried Student Art Exhibition is now showcasing student art through the end of March in Concordia's Cyrus M. Running Gallery.
The showcase allows students to display their works made throughout the year, and it gives them valuable experience as working artists, said Susan Lee, director of the gallery. Travis Klath, senior graphic design major, has three of his works displayed in this exhibit, and he encouraged people to come check out the show. He said that there are a lot of talented students on campus, some perhaps unknown to others, and this is a great way to see what others around you can do.
The Student Exhibition Show is a longstanding Concordia tradition designed to showcase all the talented students on campus. Students who submit their works are often required to do so at least once as an art major in their college career.
This year, however, was a little different for the show.
"Previously, only artworks produced in the context of an art class taught at Concordia were eligible for submission," Lee said. "We opened up the submission rules and any artwork produced by any Concordia student that was produced from January 2012 to present time was eligible." Lee hopes that this will encourage all students to submit their works in the future.
Photo by Beth Meemken. "Scissor Spider," a bronze cast art piece by Ashley Johnson that won best of show.
"Being an artist means sharing your creations with the public, engaging in a conversation of sorts with members of your community, society, and culture." Lee said. "As students, this is difficult to do, but the juried student art exhibition offers a forum for not only art majors and minors but the entire campus community to publicly share their art."
For the jury process, students were to submit their works with the piece's name, the materials used, and if it was for sale or not. The works were then examined by the Executive Director of the Rourke Art Gallery Museum, Tania Blanich. Throughout the selection, Blanich also chose one "First Prize," given to senior Katie Weikle; one "Best in Show," given out to junior Ashley Johnson, and three "Honorary Awards," given to Turi Anderson, Joshua Kilde and Rachel Meier.
"I actually had no idea I had placed at all," said Ashley Johnson, junior art and psychology major with a concentration in studio art. "I was heading into the sculpture studio to work on my (National Conference on Undergraduate Research) project when Heidi Goldberg and Duane Mickelson congratulated me. I asked them what they were talking about and they sent me up to the gallery to look around, and there, by my "Scissor Spider," was a cream colored card with "Best in Show" and a gold starburst sticker next to it. It was a pretty amazing feeling. I don't think I was able to stop smiling all day."
Freshman art education major Kate Hammero also had a great experience with the Art Show.
Photo by Beth Meemken. Octo-Beard," a graphite pencil drawing by Michaela Chor.
"It was exciting," she said. I entered not thinking I would make it because I am only a freshman, but it was just exciting to see that I could actually get my things in the show. It just makes me feel good for the years to come."
Klath thinks the exhibition is a great opportunity to showcase the work that students have been working so diligently on all year. Most of the time, even other art students do not get to see their fellow classmates' works because they are hidden away in some other art classroom. The show is both good for other students' to see the works and for community members to come see the works, Klath said.
Johnson was grateful for the opportunity of the show also.
"I feel truly humbled," she said. Thank you, everyone. I hope I can make Concordia proud as I move forward in my career in the years to come."
The Cyrus M. Running Gallery is open from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Mondays through Fridays, and from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. on Sundays.
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.718058 | -1.262101 | 0.028361 | 0.729581 |
Introducing: Two Wounded Birds
FMS Magazine 21/11/2011 INTERVIEWSMUSIC
As surf-pop enjoys a renaissance with bands such as The Drums and Best Coast leading the way, Two Wounded Birds are perfectly placed to ride the crest of the current wave of popularity.
The Margate four-piece have already had a stint touring with the Brooklyners, not to mention having an EP released on Drums guitar player Jacob Graham's label. So it'll come as no surprise to hear that Two Wounded Birds sound like a raucous version of a certain Californian five-piece from around 1959.
But while the windswept pier and rainy promenade of their native Margate may be some way from the Californian West Coast, Two Wounded Birds have clearly picked up on the melodies of Wilson and co.
Singer-songwriter Johnny Danger is not ashamed to admit this influence. "Obviously The Beach Boys, straight up. But then there are less obvious ones, like The Cramps and The Doors." Sure you can hear the influences, but they're certainly no imitators; Danger has his own unique south-east twang.
Songs such as 'Summer Dream' and 'Keep Dreaming, Baby' are not just reminiscent of early 1960s surf-pop; they could easily be mistaken for the real deal. But then to describe Two Wounded Birds as simply a surf-pop revivalist band would be a disservice to them. 'Night Patrol' is their dark and moody blues-rock number, which sounds like something straight out of an eighties horror film so menacing is its hook. Meanwhile Johnny gives a nod to Morrissey on 'My Lonesome', while fellow members Alison Blackgrove, Tommy Akers and Jimmy Davies combine to form a hazy and brooding, reverb-laden backdrop.
Two Wounded Birds have deservedly been given a considerable amount of radio play recently, becoming firm favourites of BBC Radio 1's more indie stalwarts Steve Lamacq and Huw Stephens. "It's really nice to hear something you've worked so hard on being played on the radio, and being appreciated by the people." He pauses for a second and laughs, "but it's never enough, never enough."
Last summer was a busy one for Two Wounded Birds, with a number of UK festivals, but Danger is ambitious and has his eyes set on an album deal. "I know most of the songs that are going to be on the album. I'd love to of got it out at the end of the summer or in September, to coincide with the festivals, but it's out of my hands."
As for the future? "The writing process never stops," he insists, "I hate it when bands take ages bringing out new records. I'll get going on the second one as soon as the first one is out."
Words: Liam Stephenson
Photo: Michael Robert Willimas
Alison BlackgroveBBC Radio 1Best CoastHuw StephensintroducingJacob GrahamJimmy DaviesJohnny DangerMorrisseyMusicNew MusicSteve LamacqThe Beach BoysThe CrampsThe DoorsThe DrumsTommy AkersTwo Wounded Birds
Previous ArticleSmith & Burrows: Angelic Upstarts
Next ArticleTribes: New Album Chat w/ Johnny Lloyd
FMS Magazine
FMS is an international platform, showcasing both up-and-coming and established talent from around the globe.
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Student debt is a fact of life for many Canadians pursuing post-secondary education. Many say that student debt is good debt because it is an investment in your future. However occasionally, even student debt can go bad. Learn how to resolve student loans with answers to commonly asked questions about managing student loan debt and seeking student debt help and repayment assistance.
How much does that average Canadian owe in student debt?
A survey by the Canadian University Survey Consortium1 found that graduates with student debt owe an average of $26,819 in student loans.
According to Statistics Canada, over 40% of Canadian graduates2 financed their post-secondary education with debt.
Government loans are the most common form of student debt. Almost 73%2 of graduates with loans owed money on government guaranteed student loans.
Graduates who used both government and private student loans were the most indebted, owing twice as much as those who only borrowed from one source.
When should I seek help with student loan debt?
The average student takes more than 10 years to repay their loans.
The problem with student debt is that it takes many years to repay. Roughly one-third of graduates are able to repay their loan within three years. However a much larger percentage take years to repay student debt.
The average person we help with student debt is 35 years old. Student debtors represent 15% of people we help each year3. Student loans accounted for only 30% of their overall unsecured debt. It is when graduates incur other debts, including credit card debt, payday loans and car loans, that repayment becomes a burden that can lead to insolvency.
To talk with someone about your best options for student loan debt help, contact us for a free, no-obligation consultation.
Can student loans be included in bankruptcy?
Student debt is automatically discharged in a bankruptcy in Canada if you have ceased to be a student for at least seven years.
The waiting period can be reduced to five years if you can prove financial hardship.
Bankruptcy is not your only option for dealing with student debt. Read our article Do I Need to File Bankruptcy for Student Debt?
What is the seven year rule for student loans?
any debt or obligation in respect of a loan made under the Canada Student Loans Act, the Canada Student Financial Assistance Act or any enactment of a province that provides for loans or guarantees of loans to students where the date of bankruptcy of the bankrupt occurred (i) before the date on which the bankrupt ceased to be a full- or part-time student, as the case may be, under the applicable Act or enactment, or (ii) within seven years after the date on which the bankrupt ceased to be a full- or part-time student; or (h) any debt for interest owed in relation to an amount referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (g).
What is the hardship provision?
Under the hardship provision, the seven year time period for student loan debt can be reduced to five years if you can prove financial hardship to the court. You must show that you acted in good faith in using your student loans (they were used for education and living expenses while in school for example, not taking a vacation) and repaying those debts is causing, and will continue to cause severe financial difficulty.
There are many court cases discussing the considerations of "good faith" so we recommend talking with a Licensed Insolvency Trustee about your situation.
How do I determine my last date of study for bankruptcy purposes?
We recommend you verify your end of study date by calling 1-888-815-4514 for Canada Student Loans or 1-807-343-7260 for Ontario Student Loans.
Can you settle student loans in a consumer proposal?
Student debt forgiveness in a consumer proposal follows the same rules as in a bankruptcy. By law, to be eligible for automatic discharge through a consumer proposal, your last study date must be at least seven years prior to the date you file a proposal to your creditors.
You can learn more here: Do Laws Make Student Loans Difficult to Deal with in a Consumer Proposal?
Can I resolve student loans less than | [
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Q: How to categorize wordpress custom post for upcoming event and past event I have created a custom post 'webinar' and now i want to show upcoming webinar on a separate section and past webinar on separate section by using wordpress categories.
here is my custom post type:-
// webinar post type
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'Webinars', 'post type general name', 'impactqa' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'Webinar', 'post type singular name', 'impactqa' ),
'menu_name' => _x( 'Webinars', 'admin menu', 'impactqa' ),
'name_admin_bar' => _x( 'Webinar', 'add new on admin bar', 'impactqa' ),
'add_new' => _x( 'Add New', 'Webinar', 'impactqa' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Webinar', 'impactqa' ),
'new_item' => __( 'New Webinar', 'impactqa' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Webinar', 'impactqa' ),
'view_item' => __( 'View Webinar', 'impactqa' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Webinars', 'impactqa' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Webinars', 'impactqa' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Webinars:', 'impactqa' ),
'not_found' => __( 'No Webinars found.', 'impactqa' ),
'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'No Webinars found in Trash.', 'impactqa' )
);
$args = array(
'labels' => $labels,
'description' => __( 'Description.', 'impactqa' ),
'public' => true,
'publicly_queryable' => true,
'show_ui' => true,
'show_in_menu' => true,
'query_var' => true,
'rewrite' => array( 'slug' => 'webinar', 'with_front' => false ),
'capability_type' => 'post',
'has_archive' => true,
'hierarchical' => false,
'menu_position' => null,
'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'author', 'thumbnail', 'excerpt' )
);
register_post_type( 'webinar', $args );
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'Webinar Categories', 'impactqa' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'Webinar Category', 'impactqa' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Webinar Categories' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Webinar Categories' ),
'parent_item' => __( 'Parent Webinar Category' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Webinar Category:' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Webinar Category' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Webinar Category' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Webinar Category' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New Webinar Category' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'Webinar Categories' ),
);
$args = array(
'labels' => $labels,
'rewrite' => array( 'with_front' => false ),
'hierarchical' => true,
);
register_taxonomy( 'webinar_category', 'webinar', $args );
and here is my template code:-
<section class="section-padding">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 text-center">
<h2 class="pb-30">Upcoming Webinars</h2>
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] | 1,024 | StackExchange | -1.32789 | -0.913322 | -1.555503 | -0.780049 |
<hr class="serprate-line" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, grey, transparent);">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="page-wrapper">
<div class="container">
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<?php
$query = new WP_Query(
array(
'post_type' => 'webinar',
'post_status' => 'publish',
'order' => 'ASC',
)
);
if ($query->have_posts()) :
while ($query->have_posts()) : $query->the_post();
$date_posted = get_field('date_posted');
$date_posted = strtotime($date_posted);
$date_current = date('Ymd'); // the date format should be same as the date format on $date_posted
$date_current = strtotime($date_current);
if ($date_posted >= $date_current) : // compare date
$featured_img_url = get_the_post_thumbnail_url(get_the_ID(), 'full');?>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">
<div class="webinar-wrapper">
<a href="<?php echo get_the_permalink(); ?>"><img src="<?php echo $featured_img_url; ?>"></a>
<div class="webinar-title">
<h5><a href=""><?php echo get_field('webinar_heading'); ?></a></h5>
</div>
<span class="pDate"><?php echo get_the_date('d M, Y'); ?></span> <!-- <span class="pipe">|</span> -->
<!-- <span class="pTime"><?php echo get_the_time(); ?></span> -->
<!-- <span class="minRead">
<?php
$words = str_word_count(get_the_content());
$perMinutes = 200;
$minutes = ceil($words/$perMinutes);
echo $minutes.' MIN';
?>
</span> -->
</div>
</div>
<?php
endif;
endwhile;
endif; ?>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section-padding">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12 text-center">
<h2 class="pb-30">Past Webinars</h2>
<hr class="serprate-line" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, grey, transparent);">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="page-wrapper">
<div class="container">
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<?php
$query = new WP_Query(
array(
'post_type' => 'webinar',
'post_status' => 'publish',
'order' => 'ASC',
)
);
if ($query->have_posts()) :
while ($query->have_posts()) : $query->the_post();
$date_posted = get_field('date_posted');
echo $date_posted;
$date_posted = strtotime($date_posted);
$date_current = date('Ymd'); // the date format should be same as the date format on $date_posted
$date_current = strtotime($date_current);
if ($date_posted < $date_current) : // compare date
$featured_img_url = get_the_post_thumbnail_url(get_the_ID(), 'full');?>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6">
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] | 1,024 | StackExchange | -1.662088 | -1.587845 | -2.193891 | -1.71669 |
We have all been on the receiving end of claims management companies (CMCs) offering to help you claim for an accident at work or car accident which wasn't your fault. In fact if you watch daytime TV or listen to local radio, you will find that every second advert is one of those firms, usually endorsed by a well known celebrity to promote confidence in their services.
Unfortunately their remit has changed in recent years and we are seeing a rapid rise in claims in the UK financial services industry, Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) claims being the most common. The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) reported in January 2012 that over three quarters of PPI claims were made through claims management firms and the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) has requested that the Ministry of Justice (MOJ), who regulate these firms, improve standards, following a raft of poorly drafted submissions. Their methods in getting your clients' attention vary, from cold-calling to text messaging and emails posing as other investors.
As a provider of financial advice, if your client appoints a CMC to act on their behalf, you are likely to receive a request for information, such as suitability reports and KYC collected on your client. With or without this information the CMC may proceed to make a number of allegations against you, whether founded or not. These allegations are usually derived from FSA findings from thematic reviews.
We may not like their approach or their standards but it appears these firms are here to stay and they can present a real risk to your business including damage to your reputation, increased costs and resources required to defend a claim.
It goes without saying that a robust advice and suitability process are key to protecting your firm against complaints. Gathering in-depth KYC information prior to giving any advice is the only way to understand whether a product is suitable or not and will justify your advice to the FOS if the complaint was to get to that stage.
Be pro-active – These firms usually react to FSA findings or concerns. So keep abreast of what the FSA are saying through their thematic reviews, speeches, enforcement actions and through reports such as the Retail Conduct Risk Outlook and Business plan. The PPI review and the subsequent ruling against banks and other organisations to pay compensation has triggered many of these firms to offer your clients this service. Other cases include UCIS, Structured Products and regulated collectives. If you are advising in these areas be sure to have strong risk management controls in place.
Strong relationship with your client – The relationship you have with your client may determine which route your client takes if approached by a CMC. Strong service levels and communications will hopefully mean your client will come to you if approached by one.
Keep your Professional Indemnity informed – not informing your PI of potential or actual complaints may invalidate your cover. Keep them informed at every stage and take their advice on how to respond to the CMC, it is likely they will have come across these firms before.
Ensure your product research, KYC and suitability procedures are up to scratch – are you confident you can defend a complaint if you have received one? Strong procedures and controls in these areas are key to ensuring your protect your firm and will ensure you have the best chance of evidencing your case.
Effective complaints process – This should set out how you will help your client in the event of a complaint and hopefully give comfort that you will take a client's complaint seriously and avoid the need for them to get a CMC involved.
Carrying out root cause analysis for all 'expressions of dissatisfaction' will help you make improvements and avoid future complaints.
Don't panic - Your first reaction if you receive a complaint from a CMC may be to send your full case file on your client over. Before you send anything, ensure that this firm has the authority to obtain this information from you, such as signed letter of authority from your client.
Treat this type of complaint as you would any other, remember the CMC is acting on behalf of your client and you are still obliged to treat them fairly. Ensure your response is well thought out and structured providing the CMC with a clear audit trail of events leading to the recommendation made to your client and support this with the relevant paperwork.
Also check for errors and inconsistencies in the information you receive from the CMC, they often send complaints out in mass, using cut and paste methods, which may lead to allegations against you that do not apply.
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Dr. Braun : Black people are savages and less intelligent
X.Playa
Location: Canada,Hawd
Re: Dr. Braun : Black people are savages and less intelligen
Postby X.Playa » Tue Feb 19, 2013 7:46 pm
Who the hell is this Dr Braun?? he sounds a paki or an Arab.
Basra-
Location: Somewhere far, far, far away from you forumers.
Postby Basra- » Tue Feb 19, 2013 7:47 pm
The grande idiote is in the house!
Location: Enjoying my life :) I am so happy ! and endless succes has arrived in my life
Postby Tanker » Tue Feb 19, 2013 7:48 pm
His evidence is the fact that not one single african nation is Industrilized and has a high living stanard, not one single african Industry company is exporting to Asia/Europe/USA
Not one single African nation is providing qaulity, Education, Health care, Jobs, Housing to its people.
he is a Jewish American professor of philosophy, an American who taught philosophy in several African universities from 1976 to 1988,
Dr. Braun has lived in Africa with only brief interruptions since 1976 and in South Africa since 1988.
talxenegus
Postby talxenegus » Tue Feb 19, 2013 8:11 pm
What about South Africa? Is it not doing relatively well developed? Plus, if we say that Whites are far more compasionate due to their colour and beauty then that would mean that the whites differ in being compassion depending on HOW WHITE they are. The lowest levelled compassion would be a very very black person and the highest would be an White people or an Albino. But Aren't Albinos found in the negroid race aswell.....hmmmm. So can we state for a fact that Albino Africans are more comapssionate then black Africans? What about the corruption of Latinos and their disability to become industriilized, and what about East- European people.
Rascism is worst when it reaches scientific proportions
The only reason why South Africa is doing good is because of 5 million whites running the country
all countries in Latina America is Industrilized the same with Eastern Europe
Location: Throw me to the hyenas and I will return laughing as the pack leader.
Postby Adali » Tue Feb 19, 2013 8:23 pm
both blacks and whites are spineless...Somalis are not.
Somalis are black africans, and we have been without a government and country in 22 years.
Dr Braun :
To begin with, there is ample evidence that African blacks feel inferior to whites. The reasons for this are not hard to understand: In most of the ways that count in today's world, blacks as a group are generally less able than whites and are not so foolish as to fail to recognize this. Most Africans are indifferent to the emotionally charged refusals by whites — typically those with the least contact with blacks — to recognize racial differences. My own basis for saying that blacks accept these differences is my experience of talking to hundreds of Africans. However, one fairly typical piece of "objective" evidence can be found in this statement by two militant black American psychiatrists, William H. Grier and Price M. Cobbs, in their book Black Rage:
"The fact of the matter is that black people are inclined to regard the white man as superior. There are examples without number in the patois and the everyday behavior of millions of blacks which speak for the fact that they do indeed feel that the white man is intrinsically better." (p. 191.)
One discovery I made living in black Africa is that virtually all blacks unaffected by liberal egalitarian ideology not only recognize this inequality but are not in the least bothered by it! I say this after countless conversations with blacks all over the indigenous black world. Ask any African why blacks can't, for example, make airplanes or computers and he'll look at you as if you were foolish for asking, since the answer is obvious: "The white man has the brain for it and we don't!"
Somalia was destroyed by your uncles ss | [
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df(puntland) and others, and here you are further soiling the good name of my country.
When I was in Johannesburg in January 1986, the mammoth Johannesburg General Hospital was for whites only. "Jo'burg Gen" was very impressive. The nursing staff was white, as were the medical and administrative staffs. It was clean and well-run. The previous white hospital, near the city center, served blacks.
What has happened under the "new dispensation?" Conditions have deteriorated dramatically. Patient infection rates have skyrocketed and theft of supplies is rampant. Discipline among the nearly all-black nursing and maintenance staff is virtually nonexistent — they simply will not work. Patients sometimes go without clean sheets. A rabbi friend, a chaplain at Jo'burg Gen, says it is not uncommon now for patients to die because of nurses' incompetence and indifference. I have seen for myself that cockroaches have untrammeled right of access.
There was recently a call by the Minister of Health, a black woman, for entering classes of medical students to reflect demographics — for 76 percent to be black regardless of merit. From a black standpoint, this makes perfect sense. Western medicine is, to Africans, the white man's witchcraft rather than a disciplined body of knowledge and practices. Blacks think of a medical "degree" as a magic talisman with which they can heal the sick and become wealthy and powerful. Since this piece of paper in and of itself has the power to heal, it doesn't matter how you get it; it certainly doesn't matter what abilities or aptitudes you may have or what, if anything, you have learned in order to get it.
Was the old system of segregated hospitals morally justified? Needless to say, the vast majority of Americans would find the idea morally indefensible, but after twelve years in black countries it struck me as the merest common sense. Considering the demographics of South Africa — five million whites and over 30 million blacks — was it possible for the minority to provide medical care for blacks equal in quality to what they provided for themselves? Given that all the resources, aside from manual labor, would have to come from this small white minority, it seems obvious that it was not.
Moreover, it is not clear that whites were under any obligation — even ideally — to do so. If they had somehow prevented blacks from developing their own health care systems, that would be a different matter. But it is obvious this was not the case, since where blacks have all the resources they need (as in Nigeria, for example), medical care is a nightmare, as it is wherever blacks are responsible for providing it.
It might be argued, however, that whites had an obligation to provide at least some care for blacks, perhaps the best whites could afford. But this is basically what they did, either in separate hospitals or in separate sections of white hospitals. I have seen some of these, prior to 1990, and they were vastly superior to anything you would find in black Africa.
The relevant analogy is of a wealthy man with a good-for-nothing brother with indigent children. Does he have an obligation to help them? Perhaps. Does he have an obligation to see that they are as well off as his own children? I don't think so. The guiding principle here is beggars can't be choosers. Given their useless father, his children simply have to accept whatever their uncle chooses to give them and be grateful for it.
Similarly, if blacks were capable of providing decent health care they would have long ago been doing so, as have the Indians in South Africa, despite being subject to levels of discrimination almost equal to those of blacks. But their utter failure to do so anywhere in the world suggests that blacks are incapable of it. Therefore, since whites are providing the health care, it is surely up to them if they wish to keep the facilities separate.
Dr Braun:
If blacks were capable of establishing an educational system they would have done so — as have the Indians.
"How clean were the bodies behind the frills? A sixteenth-century introduction pour less jeunes dames spoke of women 'who had no care to keep themselves clean except in those parts that may be seen, remaining filthy... under their ', and cynical proverb held that courtesans were the only women who washed more than their face and hands .Perhaps cleanliness | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.644697 | 0.742976 | 0.599951 | 0.4336 |
increased with immorality, for as women offered more of themselves to view or to many, cleanliness enlarged its area."(Will Durant, The Story of Civilization, vol.6, p. 768).
When the Muslims, whether black or white, brought the enlightenment to Europe it was their Morals and Clean hearts that prevented them from believing that the Native Europeans were Disgusting by nature and that it was something inherently in them.
The only people who think like this are people who believe and worship the THEORY of Darwin. Basically, Africans are very low on the evolution ladder according to that theory. But that would not make sense because a few hundred years ago West-African muslims knew more about hygiene then Europeans. So whatever Mr Braun says fits in to the "whites are superior but jews rule them and are far more superior by nature". And any African that really buys this is a true monkey.
CushiticReflections
Postby CushiticReflections » Tue Feb 19, 2013 11:05 pm
That is due to the continuation of an informal colonial international system. Rather than most African nations being directly ruled by a foreign power that claims dominance in that land, there is an informal system in its place. The actors in this system are multinational corporations, international institutions such as IMF and the World Bank, Western governments, and patrons in the so-called "Third World" that are often very corrupted and allowed to come into and remain in power by those in an advantageous position. These patrons, like some leaders puppeteered by European powers during the time of formal colonialism, are useful to outside powers by implementing laws that benefit those outside powers, prevent laws that put them at a disadvantage, and otherwise ensure that they are able to benefit and make as much profit as possible. This has led to the thorough corruption of many African governments, the provision of arms to groups in conflict in order to spur physical confrontations and war when useful, the resources of African nations being dominated by corporations based outside of the continent, the tax evasion of these corporations which cost many nations billions in income which would otherwise have gone to public spending (ie. education, infrastructure, healthcare, housing, etc), among many other issues frequent in poor nations. The wages of workers are kept low, corrupt leaders are the ones allowed to be in positions of federal power (that may affect the profit made by outsiders), the resources robbed, the environment polluted, and the riches of the continent are exported to the West or outside of Africa. This is due to the world economic and power structures implemented by the West and redefined by America after WWII during the Bretton Woods Conference which led to the establishment of the IMF and World Bank which ensure that the current power structures are maintained and enforced.
Did you know that after African nations incurred a great amount of debt? "In the 1960s and 1970s, African countries became indebted to international lenders as they accepted loans for political and economic stabilization in the post-independence era. In the context of the Cold War, and with massive revenue surpluses of oil money in Western banks in the 1970s, loans were made with little thought to their purpose or to their recipients' capacity to repay the debt." So in 1989, the Washington Consensus was presented. It was a set of economic measures imposed on vulnerable nations, especially African and other nations that have incurred crippling. The measures included marginalizing tax (for the benefit of foreign corporations), liberalization in order to allow foreign direct investment (which has had disastrous affects), enforcement of property rights (again, to benefit foreign investors), trade liberalization (for the benefit of the more powerful nations), reduction in public expenditure (which means less spending for education, infrastructure, healthcare, and many other vital services), privatization (privatization of utilities tended to raise the cost of services beyond the citizens' ability to pay), among other measures. These nations also had to accept debt repayment enforcement in order to obtain aid.
It is only relatively recently when the debt of these nations have been granted the opportunity of reduction due to global protest. One such example is the HPIC which has been heavily criticized; "critics attacked HIPC as a program designed by creditors to protect creditor interests, leaving countries with unsustainable debt burdens even upon | [
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reaching the decision point" and a large debt still remains. In fact, Africa's debt is higher than that of any developing region - "it carries 11% of the developing world's debt, with only 5% of its income. GNP in sub-Saharan Africa is $308 per capita, while external debt stands at $365 per capita". According to Alan Whaites, World Vision's director of international policy: "Without debt relief," says Mr. Whaites, "these countries will remain shackled to the constraints of post-conflict economic stagnation without the means to rise to viability."
In the 21st century, debt repayments were larger than debt loans. 'The 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa spend approximately $13.5 billion every year (1) repaying debts to rich foreign creditors for past loans of questionable legitimacy. These debt repayments divert money directly from basic human needs such as health care and education, and fundamentally undermine African governments' fight against the AIDS pandemic and their efforts to promote sustainable development. The All-Africa Conference of Churches has called Africa's massive foreign debt burden "a new form of slavery, as vicious as the slave trade".'
Due to these forces that ensure that poverty is maintained in many nations of Africa due to the aforementioned factors, basic human needs are barely met, so how could industrialization occur when such poverty exists on a wide scale? Also, the fact that Africa is not prospering as it could through exportations of our resources may be due to the fact that non-African-based corporations dominate and profit from many African nations' resources.
So while Africa is still struggling, it is due to the oppressive, exploitative measures, policies, and systems that have been established and enforced by non-African powers. Rather than it being proof of the supposed inferiority of Africans or blacks, it rather exhibits the exploitative, unjust, and unequal international structure of power.
Postby Tanker » Wed Feb 20, 2013 7:29 am
I will thank you for taking part in the debate and useing good arguments
I agree with what you writes and you have may good points BUT dont take resposibility away from us black africans we are too blame for many problems in our countries, look at the asian countries who was poor in the 60s and how they have developed, Africa has many enemies but we can also do alot to make pogress. We are not children.
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It Seems we Somalis loves | [
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Liberation Into Tyranny – Iraq, MOAB and Demonstration Elections
"We are not a young people with an innocent record and a scanty inheritance. We have engrossed to ourselves… an altogether disproportionate share of the wealth and traffic of the world. We have got all we want in territory, and our claim to be left in the unmolested enjoyment of vast and splendid possessions, mainly acquired by violence, largely maintained by force, often seems less reasonable to others than to us." (Winston Churchill)
Introduction – Blood And Hate
In May 1997, the British electorate voted to replace the sleazy, arrogant Tories with someone they believed was full of promise and hope – the ever-smiling Tony Blair.
These same voters are clearly now aghast at the key role being played by Blair in dragging the world to the brink of an abyss. Just beyond the brink lies a future century much like the last – full of horror, violence and suffering, of endless revenge in response to retaliation in response to revenge. Jackbooted power will once again seek to crush pain and humiliation and misery so violently under its heel that the victims dare not strike back. Once more, the jackboot will fail. In the abyss, the world will once again be harangued by the fundamentalists on every side to sneer at reason, justice, generosity, compassion and kindness as answers to conflict and hate – not because human feeling is powerless but because it defies the entrenched interests that have grown fat and strong on blood and hate – the unjust legacy of every 'just' war.
MOAB And 'The Macbeth Option'
In his latest report, chief nuclear inspector, Mohammed El Baradai, dismissed US/UK claims that Iraq attempted to secure uranium from Niger as fraudulent and based on deliberately fabricated evidence. El Baradai also rejected US/UK claims that Iraq attempted to acquire aluminium tubes and magnets for use in building nuclear weapons: "There is no indication of resumed nuclear activities," El Baradai said.
Chief UN weapons inspector, Hans Blix, similarly said there was no evidence that Iraq has mobile laboratories producing chemical and biological weapons, or that it is hiding weapons in underground bunkers. Blix talked of accelerating, active "and even proactive" Iraqi disarmament. Inspectors have been free to go wherever they please in Iraq for three months. In the most monitored, spied-upon and X-rayed country on earth, no weapons of mass destruction have been found. No one is talking about locating production facilities, just remnants of earlier, defunct production. The media has maintained near-total silence on the question of how long these remnants would have been able to retain their lethality – the answers make a mockery of the US/UK case for war. Likewise, Bush and Blair are able to endlessly repeat the lie that only the threat of war has prompted Iraqi cooperation now because the media has studiously ignored the results of the 1991-98 Unscom inspections, when the lifting of sanctions, not avoidance of war, was the incentive. We spend our time well when we reflect on the significance and meaning of these two omissions from the vast acres of newsprint and endless hours of TV coverage on Iraq.
Clinging to the excuse of a lack of "immediate" disarmament, Blair, Bush, Powell, Straw, and the media – having quietly added their earlier obsession with the word "proactive" to the pile of failed strategies – have given Iraq ten days to disarm or face war. Of course the ten-day deadline has nothing to do with the timetable laid out for the 250,000 warriors poised as mere 'pressure' on Iraq's borders – March 17 is a genuine last 'last chance' for Saddam to comply peacefully, not the time when war simply must begin.
The media lie – that 'the one man who can resolve this crisis is Saddam' – is utterly exposed. For the US, the UN has always been, quite obviously, a PR agency intended to legitimise war. The idea has always been for the UN to conveniently lose patience with Iraq just as the US was ready to strike.
The hopeful cling to the idea that this will be a "quick and clean" war | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.660999 | 0.98696 | 0.976528 | -0.214017 |
, forgetting the West's proven preference for placing brown-skinned civilians, rather than its own soldiers, in the way of danger. The first US combat casualty in Afghanistan, Nathan Chapman, very quickly received more media coverage than all of the 5,000 Afghan civilian victims of bombing combined. The people arming and programming the cruise missiles know this only too well.
In the background, just behind the bright, shining lie that is Tony Blair, sits the ten-ton Massive Ordnance Air Burst (MOAB) bomb. MOAB is a Fuel Air Explosive device which acts as a giant aerosol dispensing a cloud of flammable material which is then ignited. Using a new and improved slurry of ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminium, MOAB is able to guarantee the largest non-nuclear explosion obtainable. Strategyworld.com tells us that MOAB "is a highly destructive and terrifying weapon. If used in Iraq, it would demoralize any Iraqi troops in the vicinity who survived the explosion. The force of a MOAB explosion is sufficient to knock over tanks and kill any people within several hundred meters of the detonation". Dynetics, the Alabama company that makes MOAB, is "built on a foundation of deeply-held beliefs", central to which is the maintenance of "the highest ethical standards in all business relationships".
12-year-old Charlotte Aldebron fills in some more relevant background information:
"When people think about bombing Iraq, they see a picture in their heads of Saddam Hussein in a military uniform, or maybe soldiers with big black mustaches carrying guns, or the mosaic of George Bush Senior on the lobby floor of the Al-Rashid Hotel with the word 'criminal'. But guess what? More than half of Iraq's 24 million people are children under the age of 15. That's 12 million kids. Kids like me. Well, I'm almost 13, so some are a little older, and some a lot younger, some boys instead of girls, some with brown hair, not red. But kids who are pretty much like me just the same. So take a look at me – a good long look. Because I am what you should see in your head when you think about bombing Iraq. I am what you are going to destroy." (Charlotte Aldebron, 'What About The Iraqi Children?', WireTap, March 3, 2003)
If MOAB is dropped on youthful Iraq, it will be a war for the simple reason that the entire war will be a criminal act. A group of senior experts on international law have given their verdict on the actions of the Bush/Blair cabal:
"On the basis of the information publicly available, there is no justification under international law for the use of military force against Iraq. The UN charter outlaws the use of force with only two exceptions: individual or collective self-defence in response to an armed attack and action authorised by the security council as a collective response to a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression. There are currently no grounds for a claim to use such force in self-defence. The doctrine of pre-emptive self-defence against an attack that might arise at some hypothetical future time has no basis in international law. Neither security council resolution 1441 nor any prior resolution authorises the proposed use of force in the present circumstances…
"A decision to undertake military action in Iraq without proper security council authorisation will seriously undermine the international rule of law. Of course, even with that authorisation, serious questions would remain. A lawful war is not necessarily a just, prudent or humanitarian war." ('War would be illegal', The Guardian, March 7, 2003)
Perhaps the war crime will be over quickly. Or perhaps the divisions of the Republican Guard gathering now around Baghdad, remembering Stalingrad and Berlin, and with little to lose, will withdraw into the city. Perhaps remembering Vietnam, Saddam will try to save his life by sacrificing the lives of his young people to murderous street fighting in the hope that the immense global peace protests that would follow might force the West to relent. In which case, we can be sure, the US war machine would be under pressure to deliver rapid results by all means necessary, no matter the cost.
Nothing is predictable about war except that when | [
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the gates of hell are opened it is always because everyone involved is in too deep to do anything else. The media, you can be sure, will be on-side. During the bombing of Serbia, Andew Marr, now the BBC's political editor, wrote in the Observer:
"I want to put the Macbeth option: which is that we're so steeped in blood we should go further. If we really believe Milosevic is this bad, dangerous and destabilising figure we must ratchet this up much further. We should now be saying that we intend to put in ground troops." (Marr, 'Do we give war a chance?', The Observer, April 18, 1999)
The Moral Crusade And Beyond
The wider role of the media in all this will be to continue legitimising government actions by suppressing awareness of Western atrocities and by continuing to declare our leaders' benevolent intent.
An idea of how much we will hear about Iraqi casualties was given by the BBC and ITN last week. Both highlighted the suicide bombing that killed 15 Israelis on a bus in Haifa. When Israeli armed forces then killed 11 Palestinians in Gaza it was described as "retaliation" for Haifa. There was no mention that the day before Haifa, 8 Palestinians, including a pregnant woman, had been killed, with muted coverage in the media. More importantly, there was no mention that Haifa had been the first suicide attack since January 5, and that not one Israeli civilian had been killed within Israel since January 12. In the same period, Israel had killed over 154 Palestinians. There was also no mention that some 75% of Palestinians now live below the poverty line and over 30% of children under five suffer from chronic malnutrition.
Much of the media has, of course, already declared the proposed criminal action against Iraq a 'war of liberation' – this is deemed the one good thing that will come out of any conflict. Julie Burchill writes in the Guardian:
"It was surreal to see the best part of a million people marching in support of denying other people the very freedom they were smugly celebrating." ('Silly show-offs against Saddam!', Julie Burchill, The Guardian, March 1, 2003)
Likewise, the Observer's Nick Cohen is happy to refer to:
"The satisfaction of an anti-war movement which persuaded one million people to tell Iraqis they must continue to live under a tyranny…" (Cohen, 'The Left's unholy alliance with religious bigotry', The Observer, February 23, 2003)
Johann Hari writes in The Independent:
"I passionately believe in the justice of freeing the Iraqi people from Saddam, and it is heartening that Mr Blair now uses this as one of the main justifications for the war." ('If this war with Iraq is to be a moral war, it must be fought in a moral way', Johann Hari, The Independent, March 7, 2003)
Just as our 'democratic' politics is characterised by a cross-party consensus supporting the establishment's "necessary illusions", so the reflexive view that the 'good guys' are preparing to liberate Iraq is found right across the media spectrum. The Sun, for example, agrees:
"But a moral crusade to liberate a brutalised nation is impossible to argue against." ('Moral Victory', Sun editorial, March 3, 2003)
The Sunday Telegraph likewise declares:
"Thus, it is the neighbourly duty of the West to liberate the Iraqis from their captivity at the hands of Saddam: the war would be just because of the suffering it would end." ('The Pope's disapproval worries Blair more than a million marchers', Sunday Telegraph, Matthew d'Ancona, February 23, 2003)
These journalists are writing about US/UK 'liberators' with a track record. The leading academic scholar on human rights in Latin America, Lars Schoultz, found, for example, that US aid "has tended to flow disproportionately to Latin American governments which torture their citizens… to the hemisphere's relatively egregious violators of fundamental human rights". (Sch | [
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oultz, Comparative Politics, January 1981)
Why? Because the hemisphere's "relatively egregious violators" rely on force to keep impoverished domestic populations in line while Western corporations reap maximised profits.
Historian Mark Curtis describes the broader picture, and the media's reaction to it:
"That Britain's (and the USA's) 'economic interests' in the Third World in the postwar period have been synonymous with the systematic exploitation and impoverishment of local populations is effectively unmentionable in respectable circles." (The Ambiguities of Power, Zed Books, 1995, p.36)
Anyone who knows anything about the politics and history of the Gulf understands that the greatest fear of Western planners is the 'loss' of Iraq to Iranian-style independent nationalism – the kind of independence journalists believe the West is willing to grant post-invasion Iraq. It was the fear of independent nationalism that hung heavy in the air at the end of the last Gulf War, and was the reason why the US allowed rebels to be slaughtered rather than risk the overthrow of the Iraqi regime. The US did not merely fail to assist the rebels, they actively sought to protect Saddam, as Milan Rai explains:
"President Bush deliberately held back from destroying the key military formations of the regime [the Republican Guard]. President Bush permitted the use of helicopter gunships and transport helicopters against the rebels. President Bush ordered that rebels be blocked from gaining access to Iraqi arms – and that weapons should be destroyed or removed from Iraq. President Bush rebuffed the Iraqi opposition before, during and after the war." (Milan Rai, War Plan Iraq, Verso, 2002, p.81)
In the event of war, Iraq will not be liberated from tyranny. It will, however, be liberated from the West's genocidal sanctions and constant bombing raids. Ultimately, Blair's "moral case for war" amounts to arguing that the US/UK must launch a massive assault against the people of Iraq to save them from US/UK policies.
A 'Triumph' For Democracy – Demonstration Elections
This of course does not mean that Iraq will not +appear+ to be liberated – the media is not a window on the world, it is an artist's impression of a window on the world (the artist being a corporate employee). We will never see a 'liberated' Iraq, we will see the media's +version+ of a 'liberated' Iraq. This version will lean heavily on the tried and tested propaganda strategy of 'demonstration elections'. The experience of El Salvador in the 1980s gives an idea of what the media will have in store for us in the case of Iraq.
In March 1982 international observers from the United States and Great Britain (delegates from 40 other countries, including all of Western Europe, had refused to be involved) reported that they saw no evidence of government coercion on election day in El Salvador. They also reported a large turnout of people determined to vote, which, they assumed, indicated great public enthusiasm for the elections. The media reinforced this impression, with top US TV commentator Dan Rather exclaiming: "A triumph! A million people to the polls." Republican Bob Livingstone called the elections the "most inspiring thing I've ever seen"; while Senator Nancy Kassebaum called them an "exceptionally fair election". Around the United States, observers and media reported free and fair elections; a triumph for democracy. This was inspiring and uplifting stuff – exactly the kind of 'good news' we can expect to hear from a 'liberated' Iraq.
In their book, Demonstration Elections – US-Staged Elections In The Dominican Republic, Vietnam, And El Salvador, Edward Herman and Frank Brodhead fill in a few of the missing details about that election day in March 1982.
In the eighteen-month period leading up the elections, twenty-six journalists were murdered in El Salvador. The only two Salvadoran newspapers critical of the government, La Cronica and El Independiente, were closed in July 1980 and January 1981 respectively. In December 1981 the Salvadoran Communal Union reported that eighty-three of its members had been murdered by government | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.742511 | 1.0804 | 1.134331 | 0.281815 |
\section{Introduction}
There is a plethora of novel compelling evidence, from gravitational wave emission of distant binaries \cite{LIGOScientific:2018mvr,Abbott:2016blz}, to the Event Horizon Telescope \cite{Johannsen:2016vqy,Doeleman:2009te} and the instrument GRAVITY \cite{ Abuter:2018drb} for supermassive compact objects, that black holes exist and are rotating. In General Relativity (GR) a stationary and axially symmetric rotating black hole is described by the Kerr metric \cite{Kerr:1963ud}. The Kerr metric is the unique vacuum black hole with the afore mentioned symmetries in GR \cite{Robinson:1975bv}. Therefore it is fair to say that the Kerr solution is probably the most important of solutions to the Einstein equations. Although a rather complex metric, given that it is a solution of partial differential equations, it has a number of hidden symmetries and mathematical properties that make physical applications tractable (and even analytically so to a certain extent).
For a start, it is already quite a feat that one can analytically solve the partial differential equations in this case \cite{Kerr:1963ud}, as well as in the case of a cosmological constant \cite{CARTER1968399}. In fact it is only in 4 dimensions that we can analytically find the relevant charged solution \cite{Newman:1965my}, whereas the plethora of higher dimensional rotating solutions have only recently been worked out in full \cite{Gibbons:2004uw}. Furthermore, the Kerr geodesics can be computed analytically because the relevant Hamilton-Jacobi function is found to be separable \cite{Carter:1968ks}, a fact that is associated to the existence of an additional Killing tensor \cite{Walker:1970un}. Making use of the Newman-Penrose formalism, linear perturbations of the Kerr spacetime can be written in a separable form, the Teukolsky equation \cite{Teukolsky:1973ha}. These mathematical properties pave the way to understanding, amongst other things, linear stability and quasi-normal modes (which are important for the ring down phase of binaries) and then geodesics for black hole shadows.
The presence of an ergosphere region, where static observers cease to exist, results in fascinating effects such as superradiance~\cite{superradiance} and the Penrose process of extracting energy from black hole rotation~\cite{Penrose:1969}.
These are part of a wide class of physical phenomena, which also include the quantum laser effects of black holes \cite{Corley:1998rk,Leonhardt:2008js,Coutant:2009cu} (and their acoustic counterparts \cite{Finazzi:2010nc}). Hence it is fair to say that the Kerr solution is not only phenomenologically important but also of major theoretical interest.
All observational data up to now agrees with predictions of the Kerr metric. In light of recent/future observational advances, it becomes crucial to find competing backgrounds to the GR prototype solution.
However, it is rather difficult to produce solutions, analytically or even numerically, which have a similar geometry while remaining distinctively different (see e.g. \cite{Papadopoulos:2018nvd,Johannsen:2013rqa,Johannsen:2015pca} for some interesting geometrical approaches to construct deviations from the Kerr metric, mainly of ``phenomenological'' origin, i.e. those metrics are not solutions of any particular gravity theory but rather maintain certain properties of the Kerr spacetime). Interesting hairy numerical constructions have been obtained by considering scalar or other forms of matter (including for example \cite{Herdeiro:2014goa,Grandclement:2014msa,Volkov:1998cc,Kleihaus:2000kg}). The object of this article is to construct a specific analytic solution of modified gravity with the same spacetime symmetries as Kerr (stationary and axisymmetric), which is sufficiently similar yet distinctively different. Our starting point will be degenerate (DHOST or EST) scalar | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 1.340265 | 2.601404 | 1.482217 | 1.245651 |
tensor theories \cite{Langlois:2015cwa,Crisostomi:2016czh,BenAchour:2016fzp}, which are the working prototype of modified gravity theories with a single additional degree of freedom. Although the solution we present is an exact solution of a precise theory belonging to this class, we believe that the solution can be of more interest than the theory itself as it gives a precise analytic form of a different, yet competing metric to the prototype GR solution. The solution we shall present also singles out a number of properties that simply cease to exist once we venture away from GR. Some of these properties or shortcomings can be of theoretical interest for black hole physics, for example horizon properties, thermodynamics, etc. Even from the point of view of GR, it is enlightening to discuss metrics which are counterexamples to usual black hole properties. This is somewhat similar to the Taub-NUT spacetime in GR being ``a counterexample to almost anything \cite{Misner:1965zz}''.
Recently, using the geodesic paradigm of Carter's seminal work \cite{Carter:1968ks}, it was understood that one could ``paint'' the Kerr spacetime with well defined scalar hair in a regular fashion \cite{Charmousis:2019vnf}. The theory hosting this solution is a particular DHOST/EST theory, whereas the scalar field is a particular Hamilton-Jacobi function which, crucially, is regular everywhere (including the event horizon). The kinetic term of the scalar is therefore constant, in adequacy with the standard Hamilton Jacobi method for obtaining geodesics (see for example \cite{Misner:1974qy} page 897). Unsurprisingly, this scalar tensor solution has similar properties to the GR Kerr metric. For example, the relevant modified Teukolsky operator for tensor perturbations is again shown to be separable with non observable differences to its GR version \cite{Charmousis:2019fre}. The solution may also present pathologies in the scalar perturbations \cite{Babichev:2018uiw,deRham:2019gha} (one expects to make certain starting concessions in order to obtain analytical solutions for modified gravity). The key to go further are disformal transformations, and in particular those originating from ``geodesic'' scalars.
It is known that disformal and conformal transformations of scalar tensor theories \cite{Zumalacarregui:2013pma,Bettoni:2013diz} are internal maps of the theory, in other words such transformations will take us from some DHOST Ia theory to some other specific DHOST Ia theory (see for example \cite{Achour:2016rkg}). The interesting combination which we believe crucial here is that the scalar responsible for the disformed metric is related to the geodesics of Kerr. As we will see, the transformation is found to be surprisingly regular yet non trivial. In fact it has been shown that in the static case, for $X$ constant, the disformal version of a Schwarzschild type solution is again a mass rescaled Schwarzschild black hole. With a basic disentangling of coordinates, and given that the disformal factor $B=B(X)$ is a function of $X$ (which is constant on-shell), the resulting metric is geometrically identical with a rescaled mass (and cosmological constant) \cite{Babichev:2017lmw, BenAchour:2019fdf} (see also \cite{Domenech:2019syf} for interesting extensions and questions concerning the regularity of solutions). As we will see in the present paper, once rotation is present the static picture is completely changed. The disformed Kerr metric is no longer Ricci flat. It is furthermore not even a circular spacetime, as all Einstein metrics are in GR. In a nutshell this means that the metric is no longer reflection symmetric in the $t$ and $\varphi$ Killing coordinates as is the Kerr metric{\footnote{This seemingly bland statement signifies that a rotating black hole rotating in one direction is not necessarily rotating in the opposite direction in its past \cite{Hawking:1973uf}.}}.However, it again has a single ring singularity and is asymptotically very similar to Kerr. It also has an ergosurface beyond which static observers do not exist. | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 1.234299 | 2.964784 | 1.166609 | 0.861128 |
Interestingly, the boundary of constant $r$ and $\theta$ stationary observers, which is a Killing/event horizon for Kerr, fails to be so for the disformed metric. The latter hypersurface is not null but actually timelike. Therefore, unlike for the Kerr spacetime, there is an additional stationary limit surface in the ergoregion, inside which the Killing vectors are spacelike. In fact, there exist special timelike observers (for which $r$ and $\theta$ are not constant) that can venture further in up to the (candidate) event horizon. The generator of this null surface of no return, our (candidate) event horizon, is no longer a Killing vector. The usual stationary Killing vector of Kerr is now a spacetime pointing vector (apart from the poles). Indeed, these 3 successive hypersurfaces meet at the north and south poles of the rotating solution, so that it is regular there.
The paper is organised as follows: in the next section we will proceed to construct the disformed Kerr solution. While doing so we will remind the reader of some well known properties of the Kerr solution. We will discuss some general properties of the disformed metric in section 3, while in section 4 we will study the special hypersurfaces of the metric: the ergosurface, the stationary limit and horizons. We will discuss our findings and conclude in the 5th section.
\section{Constructing the disformal transformation of the Kerr metric}
\label{sec:disformal}
We start by constructing an explicit example of a
{\it disformal Kerr metric}. By disformal Kerr metric, we mean a
spacetime metric $\tilde{g}^{\mbox{\tiny{disf}}}_{\mu\nu}$ which can
be represented in the following way:
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{g}^{\mbox{\tiny{disf}}}_{\mu\nu}={g}^{\mbox{\tiny{Kerr}}}_{\mu\nu}+B
(\phi,\partial_{\sigma}\phi\partial^{\sigma}\phi)\phi_{\mu}\phi_{\nu}\; ,
\label{disf}
\end{eqnarray}
where $({g}^{\mbox{\tiny{Kerr}}}_{\mu\nu}, \phi)$ is a nontrivial
solution of a subclass of DHOST theory whose metric solution
${g}^{\mbox{\tiny{Kerr}}}_{\mu\nu}$ is the Kerr
spacetime. Our starting block will be the stealth black hole solution found in
\cite{Charmousis:2019vnf} where the authors consider a subclass of DHOST Ia theory, and show that a nontrivial
scalar field defined on the Kerr metric solves the equations of
motion. The scalar field is defined as some particular Hamilton Jacobi function giving a regular geodesic congruence for the Kerr spacetime. It is precisely this geometrically induced scalar field that we will consider to
construct the disformal Kerr metric (\ref{disf})\footnote{Note that stealth black holes were found to have a problem with perturbations, namely the scalar mode becomes non-dynamical on such background solutions, which is related to strong coupling~\cite{Babichev:2018uiw,deRham:2019gha}.
However, it has been argued in~\cite{Motohashi:2019ymr} that a small detuning of the degeneracy condition for the theory can be used to solve this problem.
}.
In order to be as
self-contained as possible, let us now detail this construction. We
start from the Kerr metric written in Boyer-Lindquist
coordinates,
\begin{equation}
\label{BL} g_{\mu\nu}\text{d} x^\mu \text{d} x^\nu =
-\left(1-\frac{2Mr}{\rho^2}\right)\text{d} t^2
-\frac{4Mar\sin^2\theta}{\rho^2}\text{d} t\text{d}\varphi+
\frac{\sin^2\theta}{\rho^2}\left[\left(r^2+a^2\right)^2-a^2\Delta
\sin^2\theta\right]\text{d}\varphi^2 + \frac{\rho^2}{\Delta}\text{d} r^2 + \rho^2
\text{d} \theta^2\; , | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.341745 | 2.570257 | -0.152979 | 0.195803 |
\end{equation}
where $M$ represents the mass of the black hole, $a$ is the angular
momentum per unit mass, and for clarity we have defined
\begin{align*}
\Delta &= r^2+a^2 - 2 Mr\; ,\\
\rho^2 &= r^2 + a^2 \cos^2\theta\; .
\end{align*}
Working with Boyer-Lindquist coordinates is mainly
motivated by the minimal number of off-diagonal components, considerably facilitating the calculations. Furthermore, the Killing vectors are adapted to the coordinates and read $\partial_t$ and $\partial_\varphi$.
The event horizons of the original metric are located at constant values of $r$, and are obtained by solving the equation $\Delta=0$,
\begin{equation}
\label{rpm} r_\pm = M\pm \sqrt{M^2-a^2}\; ,
\end{equation}
where $r_+$ is the outer (event) horizon and $r_-$ is the inner
horizon. Extremality occurs for $a=M$, where the two horizons coincide. The black hole event horizon is a Killing horizon, and the stationary observers with $r$ and $\theta$ constant become null there. Another hypersurface of interest is the ergosurface, whose
locus is determined by the equation $g_{tt}=0$, and which is the endpoint of static observers ($r,\theta,\varphi$ constant). This hypersurface is defined by
\begin{equation}
r_E = M + \sqrt{M^2-a^2 \cos^2\theta}\; ,
\end{equation}
and is accessible to far away observers. Note that the two hypersurfaces $r=r_E$ and $r=r_+$ coincide at the poles. The region of spacetime in between the ergosurface and the outer event horizon is the ergoregion of the original Kerr black hole, where one can have interesting physical effects such as the Penrose process. In this region the gravitational pull is so strong that a stationary observer can only rotate along with the black hole (otherwise his future pointing tangent vector could not be timelike). We will see later the rather interesting influence of the disformal transformation on the location of these two hypersurfaces.
There is a single curvature singularity situated at $\rho=0$, while closed timelike curves can develop within this region (where the axial Killing vector becomes timelike $g_{\varphi\varphi}<0$).
There are of course many other important properties (physical or mathematical)
underlying the Kerr solution, and it proves interesting
to study the impact of the disformal transformation on them. We will encounter some of them in the forthcoming sections.
In~\cite{Charmousis:2019vnf}, it was shown that the scalar hair painting (\ref{BL}) is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{phi} \phi = q \left[t + \int \frac{\sqrt{2M
r(a^2+r^2)}}{\Delta}\text{d} r\right]\;,
\end{equation}
where $q$ is constant that we assume positive. Note that the relative $+$ sign was
chosen for the scalar field to be regular at the Kerr horizons
$\Delta=0$. Apart from being linear in time, the scalar field has a
constant standard kinetic term:
\begin{equation}
\label{Xcst}
X\equiv g^{\mu\nu}\partial_\mu\phi\partial_\nu\phi=-q^2\; .
\end{equation}
This last equation is nothing but the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation determining the most general HJ function for Kerr spacetime.
Carter demonstrated that the geodesic equations are integrable for the Kerr spacetime \cite{Carter:1968ks}, meaning that there is an equal number of conserved quantities and spacetime directions. These quantities are energy at infinity $E$, angular momentum $L$, rest mass $m$ and Carter's separation constant $C$ (whose proof of existence gives integrability). The former two originate from the Killing vectors $\partial_t$ and $\partial_\varphi$, while the latter two come from the existence of Killing tensors for the Kerr spacetime.
In order for our scalar hair to be well defined from the event horizon up | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.802287 | 2.435288 | 0.402696 | 0.63598 |
to asymptotic infinity, one must take $E=m=q$ (where particles can marginally reach timelike infinity), and $L=C=0$ (to have regularity at the poles).
We now have all the necessary ingredients to perform the disformal
transformation as defined by Eq. (\ref{disf}). Since the DHOST
theory admitting the stealth Kerr solution is invariant
under the transformation $\phi\to\phi+\mbox{cst}$, it is natural to
consider a disformal function $B$ with the same symmetry, i.
e. $B=B(X)$. On the other hand, $X$ being constant (\ref{Xcst}),
the disformal Kerr metric associated to the Kerr stealth solution
\cite{Charmousis:2019vnf} can be written without any loss of
generality as
\begin{equation}
\label{disformal} \tilde{g}_{\mu\nu} = g_{\mu\nu} - \frac{D}{q^2}\;
\partial_\mu\phi\,\partial_\nu\phi\; ,
\end{equation}
where $D$ is a constant whose sign is not fixed a priori.
In the original coordinates, the disformal Kerr metric reads
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\label{df}
\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}\text{d} x^\mu \text{d} x^\nu &= -\left(1-\frac{2\tilde{M}r}{\rho^2}\right)\text{d} t^2 -\frac{4\sqrt{1+D}\tilde{M}ar\sin^2\theta}{\rho^2}\text{d} t\text{d}\varphi + \frac{\sin^2\theta}{\rho^2}\left[\left(r^2+a^2\right)^2-a^2\Delta
\sin^2\theta\right]\text{d}\varphi^2\\
&+ \frac{\rho^2 \Delta - 2 \tilde{M}(1+D) r D (a^2+r^2)}{\Delta^2}\text{d} r^2 - 2D \frac{\sqrt{2\tilde{M}r(a^2+r^2)}}{\Delta}\text{d} t\text{d} r + \rho^2 \text{d} \theta^2\; .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
For simplicity, we have introduced the rescaled mass $\tilde{M} =
M/(1+D)$, and the coordinate $t$ has been
conveniently rescaled as $t\to t/ \sqrt{1+D}$, assuming $1+D>0$. In these coordinates, the determinant of the disformal metric is the same as that of the Kerr metric:
\begin{equation}
\nonumber \sqrt{-\tilde{g}}=\sqrt{-g}\; .
\end{equation}
We will be referring to $D$ as the metric's disformality. Indeed, although $D$ is a given constant parametrising a given (DHOST Ia) theory, in a more phenomenological approach, it can be thought of as an additional parameter of the disformed metric. Given that $\tilde{X} =-q^2/(1+D)$ the scalar field is again a HJ function for the disformed metric.
Before entering the details of the properties of the disformal
metric, we would like to emphasize that its nontrivial character is
mainly due to the time dependence of the scalar field conjugated
with the non-zero angular momentum $a$.
A non-trivial property of the new metric is the term $\tilde{g}_{tr}$, which cannot be eliminated by a coordinate change without introducing other off-diagonal elements (see discussion in Sec.~\ref{sec:properties}).
This is one of the main differences with the Kerr metric, and we will see below that the presence of this extra
off-diagonal term will have
significant consequences. On the other hand, in the static limit
case $a=0$, the off-diagonal term $\tilde{g}_{tr}$
in~(\ref{df}) can be removed by the following coordinate
transformation:
\begin{equation}
\text{d} t = \text{d} T -
\frac{D\sqrt{2\tilde{M}r^3}}{\Delta\left(1 | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.218118 | 2.300318 | -0.64096 | -0.069821 |
-\frac{2\tilde{M}}{r}\right)}\text{d}
r\; ,
\end{equation}
and the resulting metric is nothing but the Schwarzschild spacetime
with a rescaled mass:
\begin{equation*}
\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}\text{d} x^\mu \text{d} x^\nu =
-\left(1-\frac{2\tilde{M}}{r}\right)\text{d} T^2 +
\left(1-\frac{2\tilde{M}}{r}\right)^{-1}\text{d} r^2 + r^2\text{d} \Omega^2\;
.
\end{equation*}
Hence, in the Schwarzschild static case, the net effect of the
disformal transformation is only to rescale the mass parameter. Note
that a similar observation has been noted in the case of
Schwarzschild-de-Sitter metric in
Ref.~\cite{Babichev:2017lmw,Babichev:2018uiw, BenAchour:2019fdf} (see also \cite{Dubovsky:2006vk}).
\section{General properties of the disformed Kerr metric}
\label{sec:properties}
Let us analyze some of the properties
of the disformal Kerr metric (\ref{df}), starting from the
singularities.
An initial inspection of the metric may naively lead to the conclusion that the
hypersurface defined by $r=r_\pm$ is singular.
Nevertheless, as in GR, this latter hypersurface is merely a coordinate
singularity, which can be removed by an appropriate choice of
coordinates. One can start by computing metric
scalar invariants such as
\begin{equation*}
\tilde{R} = -\frac{Da^2 Mr [1 + 3
\cos(2\theta)]}{(1+D)\rho^6},\;\;\;
\tilde{R}_{\mu\nu}\tilde{R}^{\mu\nu}= \frac{D^2a^4
M^2Q_1(r,\theta)}{4\rho^{12}(r^2+a^2)(1+D)^2},\;\;\;
\tilde{R}_{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}\tilde{R}^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta} = \frac{
M^2Q_2(r,\theta)}{\rho^{12}(r^2+a^2)(1+D)^2}\; ,
\end{equation*}
where the expressions of $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ can be found in the
Appendix~\ref{AppendixQ}. Although the regularity of scalar invariants does not constitute a necessary and sufficient condition for regularity of the metric it is nevertheless a good starting point.
The above expressions suggest that there are no physical
singularities apart from the standard ring singularity at $\rho=0$.
A more rigorous argument is given in the
Appendix~\ref{AppendixKerr} where the disformal spacetime (\ref{df})
is re-written in a Kerr coordinate system making apparent its regularity
at $r=r_\pm$.
In this coordinate system, both the metric and the scalar field are manifestly
well-defined except at the ring singularity $\rho=0$.
We will deal with possible horizon hypersurfaces and coordinate singularites in the next section.
It is clear that the disformal Kerr metric (\ref{df}) again represents a stationary
and axially symmetric spacetime, whose Killing vector fields $\partial_t$
and $\partial_{\varphi}$ are manifest since the metric coefficients are
independent of $t$ and $\varphi$. In addition to these Killing vectors, the Kerr metric possesses a non-trivial Killing tensor $K_{\mu\nu}$ which verifies the Killing equation $\nabla_{(\alpha} K_{\mu\nu)}=0$. This gives rise to the conservation of Carter's constant along geodesics, and enables the integration of the geodesic equation. For small deformations $D\ll1$, one can try to construct a symmetric tensor of the form $\tilde{K}_{\mu\nu} = K_{\mu\nu} + D \delta K_{\mu\nu}$ which satisfies the linearized Killing equation (to order 1 in $D$). It can be shown that the system of equations is not consistent. This means that if a Killing | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.176344 | 2.393759 | -0.446619 | 0.054137 |
tensor does exist for the disformal metric, it cannot be written as a deformation of the Killing tensor $K_{\mu\nu}$ of the Kerr metric.
It is well known that Einstein metrics belonging to the class
of stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes are
circular spacetimes, see e.g.~\cite{Frolov:1998wf}. This means that locally the metric is not only independent
of the time and of the rotation angle but also invariant under the
"$t-\varphi$" reflection isometry, which is the simultaneous change of
the time and of the rotation angle. A rotating solution such as a rotating neutron star with toroidal magentic field, for example, may fail to be a circular spacetime (see for example \cite{noncircular}) but it is fair to say that most known solutions in the literature are indeed circular. Rigorously, an axisymmetric
spacetime is said to be circular if the $2-$surfaces orthogonal to
the Killing fields $k$ and $\eta$, respectively the one-forms
associated to the Killing vectors $\partial_t$ and $\partial_\varphi$,
\begin{align*}
k = \tilde{g}_{t\nu}\text{d} x^\nu\; ,\quad \eta = \tilde{g}_{\varphi\nu}\text{d} x^\nu\; ,
\end{align*}
are integrable. According to Frobenius's theorem, the circularity of
the metric is equivalent to the following integrability conditions:
\begin{equation*}
k\wedge\eta\wedge\text{d} k = k\wedge\eta\wedge\text{d}\eta=0 \; .
\end{equation*}
In our case, an explicit calculation yields
\begin{eqnarray}
k\wedge\eta\wedge\text{d} k &=&
\tilde{g}_{tr}\left(\tilde{g}_{\varphi\vp}\frac{\partial
\tilde{g}_{tt}}{\partial\theta}-
\tilde{g}_{t\varphi}\frac{\partial \tilde{g}_{t\varphi}}{\partial\theta}\right) \text{d} t\wedge\text{d} r\wedge \text{d} \theta\wedge\text{d}\varphi\nonumber\\
&=& -D\frac{4 a^2 \tilde{ M} r \sqrt{2\tilde{M}r(a^2+r^2)}
\cos\theta\sin^3\theta}{\rho^4}\text{d} t\wedge\text{d} r\wedge \text{d}
\theta\wedge\text{d}\varphi\; ,\label{froe}
\end{eqnarray}
and hence the disformal Kerr metric is not circular. In addition, since the
integrability conditions are equivalent to the eliminability of the
cross-terms $\tilde{g}_{tr}, \tilde{g}_{t\theta},
\tilde{g}_{\varphi r}$ and $ \tilde{g}_{\varphi\theta}$ (for our choice of
adapted coordinates to the Killing vectors $\partial_t$ and $\partial_\varphi$), our disformal metric can not be cast in the
Lewis-Papapetrou form as in vacuum GR (or with a circular energy-momentum tensor \cite{Papapetrou:1966zz}).
In particular, this implies that the off-diagonal term $\tilde{g}_{tr}$ cannot be removed by a coordinate change without introducing other off-diagonal elements that break circularity.
The circularity property is twofold: it is known to be fundamental for proving
important theorems such as the constancy of surface gravity, but can also prove to be too
restrictive. An illustrative example of this latter fact are black holes in a theory with a conformally coupled scalar where a non trivial static and spherically symmetric solution exists \cite{bbmb}. This is the familiar BBMB black hole with secondary scalar hair.
It is however proven, under the crucial hypothesis of circularity, that stationary-axisymmetric asymptotically flat black holes in this theory are only those described by the Kerr metric and trivial scalar hair~\cite{Zannias:1998jz}.
In our case, the lack of
circularity will turn out to be fundamental. For a start, it is easy to see that the disformal Kerr metric (\ref{df}) is in general not Ricci flat. If | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.382501 | 2.622169 | -0.322214 | 0.248928 |
it were, circularity would of course follow.
A simple argument comes from the relation of the original and disformal Ricci tensors (\ref{disf}), which reads
\begin{equation}
\label{newRicci} \tilde{R}_{\mu\nu} - R_{\mu\nu} =
-\frac{D}{q^2(1+D)}\left[\square\phi\phi_{\mu\nu} -
{\phi^\alpha}_\mu \phi_{\alpha\nu} -
R_{\mu\alpha\nu\beta}\phi^\alpha\phi^\beta\right]\; .
\end{equation}
Hence, since the Kerr metric is Ricci flat,
$R_{\mu\nu}=0$, the Ricci tensor of the disformal metric is given by
the right hand side of (\ref{newRicci}), which does not in general vanish (it can do only for certain scalars sourcing highly symmetric cases such as spherical symmetry \cite{Babichev:2017lmw,BenAchour:2019fdf}).
Once we have rotation the disformal metric is no longer Ricci flat and loses the circularity property as well. This inevitably leads to fundamental differences and to the loss of usual basic properties of GR black holes, as we will now see.
Let us study the asymptotic region at large
distance $r\gg M$ in order to compare the disformal metric
with the Kerr spacetime in this region. This comparison may be important for
astrophysical applications, in particular by observing orbiting
stars around the supermassive black hole in the center of our
galaxy.
Although in general the off-diagonal term $\tilde{g}_{tr}$ cannot be eliminated, it is possible to do so in the asymptotic region $r\gg M$. Indeed, through a redefinition of the time coordinate
\begin{equation}
\label{coord_change}
\text{d} t = \text{d} T -D \frac{\sqrt{2\tilde{ M}r(a^2+r^2)}}{\Delta(1-
\frac{2\tilde{ M}}{r})} \text{d} r\; ,
\end{equation}
the cross term becomes
\begin{equation*}
\tilde{g}_{Tr}=\frac{2 D \tilde{M} a^2 \cos^2\theta\sqrt{2\tilde{M}r(a^2+r^2)}}{(r-2\tilde{M})\rho^2\Delta}\isEquivTo{r\to\infty}\mathcal{O}\,\left(\frac{1}{r^{7/2}}\right)\; ,
\end{equation*}
and one can see that it decays rapidly enough at large $r$. It is then convenient to
rewrite the line element in terms of Cartesian coordinates $x =
r\sin\theta\cos\varphi$, $y=~ r\sin\theta\sin\varphi$ and $z = r\cos\theta$.
Keeping only the leading order corrections, the line element of the
disformal Kerr metric in the asymptotic region reads
\begin{equation}
\label{asymptotic} \text{d} \tilde{s}^2 = \text{d} s_\text{Kerr}^2+
\frac{D}{1+D}\left[\mathcal{O}\left(\frac{\tilde{a}^2\tilde{M}}{r^3}\right)\text{d}
T^2 +
\mathcal{O}\left(\frac{\tilde{a}^2\tilde{M}^{3/2}}{r^{7/2}}\right)\alpha_i\text{d}
T\text{d} x^i +
\mathcal{O}\left(\frac{\tilde{a}^2}{r^{2}}\right)\beta_{ij}\text{d}
x^i\text{d} x^j\right]\; .
\end{equation}
In the above expression we have defined
$\tilde{a}=\sqrt{1+D} a$ and the $\alpha_i$'s and $\beta_{ij}$'s are $\mathcal{O}(1)$ coefficients.
The first term in~(\ref{asymptotic}) is the line element for the
Kerr metric with parameters $\tilde{a}$ and $\tilde{M}$. For large $r$, it can be written in the form~\cite{Misner:19 | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.455861 | 2.248407 | -0.434739 | 0.22869 |
74qy}:
\begin{equation}
\nonumber
\begin{split}
\text{d} s^2_\text{Kerr} & = -\left[1-\frac{2\tilde{M}}{r} + \mathcal{O}\left(\frac{1}{r^3}\right)\right]\text{d} T^2 -
\left[\frac{4 \tilde{a} \tilde{M}}{r^3}+ \mathcal{O}\left(\frac{1}{r^5}\right)\right]\left[x \text{d} y - y\text{d} x\right]\text{d} T \\
&+ \left[1 + \mathcal{O}\left(\frac{1}{r}\right) \right]\left[\text{d}
x^2 + \text{d} y^2 + \text{d} z^2\right]\; .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Notice that the Kerr part of the metric contains the rescaled mass $\tilde{M}$
and rescaled angular parameter $\tilde{a}$, rather than $M$ and
$a$. As can be seen from the above expressions, the effect of
the disformal transformation at leading order is merely a rescaling of
the mass and the parameter $a$, while for the next-to-leading order
corrections the disformal off diagonal terms $\text{d}\tilde{T}\text{d} x^i$ are larger,
$\mathcal{O}\left(1/r^{7/2}\right)$, than those of the Kerr metric,
$\mathcal{O}\left(1/r^4\right)$.
Finally, we finish this section with an important property that stems from the construction of the metric~(\ref{df}) itself.
It is known that in GR there exist solutions that contain time machines, an example being the Kerr metric with $a>M$~\cite{Carter:1968rr}.
It is important therefore to show that our disformed Kerr metric does not contain such a pathology. This is achieved by showing that the spacetime with the metric $\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}$ is stably causal, in other words it remains causal under a small perturbation of the light cone. For a spacetime to be stably causal, it is sufficient to show that there exists a function whose gradient is a future directed timelike vector field~\cite{Wald}. This function can be thought of as a global time.
In our case there is such a function by construction, the scalar field $\phi(t,r)$ itself. Note that due to~(\ref{Xcst}) it is indeed timelike\footnote{The same argument was used in~\cite{Babichev:2007dw} to show that a black hole with an accreting k-essence field~\cite{Babichev:2006vx} has no closed timelike curves. Similarly to our case, the k-essence field was identified as a global time function in~\cite{Babichev:2007dw}.}.
According to~(\ref{phiKerr}), the scalar is regular for $r>0$. Therefore our spacetime is globally causal, provided that
the region of the spacetime for some positive $r$ (in particular outside the event horizon) is causally disconnected from the region $r<0$ (where closed timelike curves are present, similarly to the Kerr case).
\section{From the static to the stationary limit and all the way up to the event horizon}
\label{sec:surfaces}
We are now ready to discuss the properties of important hypersurfaces in the metric~(\ref{df}), which include the timelike static and stationary limiting surfaces as well as the null hypersurface(s), which if present are candidate event horizon(s).
We will move gradually from large $r$ to smaller radii studying interesting surfaces on the way, until we meet a perspective horizon or hit the ring singularity.
In order to make it more intuitive, we make our analysis parallel to that of the Kerr metric, which has been summarized in Section 2.
\subsection{The endpoint of static and stationary observers}
The outermost interesting hypersurface in the case of the Kerr metric is the ergosurface, the limiting hypersurface where the timelike Killing vector $l^\mu_{(t)} = \left(1,0,0 | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.871572 | 2.476817 | -0.066358 | 0.749819 |
,0\right)$ becomes null. This surface is often called the static limit, since static timelike observers (with constant $r, \theta$ and $\varphi$), can no longer exist in its interior.
Since the disformed metric~(\ref{df}) has the same Killing vector $l^\mu_{(t)}$ as the Kerr metric, we can define the ergosurface in a similar way, and it corresponds to the surface where $l^\mu_{(t)}$ becomes null:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}l^\mu_{(t)} l^\nu_{(t)} =0 \;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \;\;\; \tilde{g}_{tt} = 0.
\end{equation}
From the above we have
\begin{equation}
\label{ergosphere}
r(\theta)^2 + a^2 \cos^2\theta = 2\tilde{M}r(\theta)\; ,
\end{equation}
so that the locus of the surface related to the Killing vector $l^\mu_{(t)}$ is the same as for the Kerr spacetime with a rescaled mass.
Note, however, that the non-rescaled Kerr parameter $a$ enters Eq.~(\ref{ergosphere}).
Therefore, if the disformed and Kerr metrics are matched at leading order for large $r$ (see the discussion in Sec.~\ref{sec:properties}),
the locus of the ergosphere for the two does not coincide. Indeed, the equation for the ergosphere for the Kerr metric (matching the disformed metric at large radii) is of the form (\ref{ergosphere}) with $a\to \tilde{a}$.
We can thus see that the locus of the ergosphere, corresponding to the Killing vector $\partial_t$, is modified with respect to the Kerr case. We refer to the surface~(\ref{ergosphere}) as ergosurface, similarly to the Kerr case, or as static limit.
The next step is to consider a combination of the two independent Killing vectors $\partial_t$ and $\partial_\varphi$:
\begin{equation}
\label{stationary}
l=\partial_t + \omega\partial_\varphi\; ,
\end{equation}
which defines stationary observers at constant $r$ and $\theta$.
For some region of space-time inside the ergosurface, which is timelike, the vector~(\ref{stationary}) can still be null or timelike. Therefore observers that have a small perturbation in the $r$ direction with respect to~(\ref{stationary}) can move to increasing $r$.
This implies, like for Kerr, that the ergosurface is not an event horizon. One can then look for the surface inside which stationary observers cease to exist.
In the case of the Kerr metric, this hypersurface is null and it turns out to be the event horizon $r=r_+$.
Moreover, $\omega$ does not depend on $\theta$ at $r=r_+$, and therefore the vector~(\ref{stationary}) is a Killing vector as well, so that the event horizon is also a Killing horizon.
Following the same reasoning as in the case of the Kerr metric, one can write
\begin{equation}
\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}l^\mu l^\nu =0,
\end{equation}
which results in a quadratic equation in $\omega$ with the solutions
\begin{equation}
\label{omegapm}
\omega_\pm = \frac{1}{\tilde{g}_{\varphi\varphi}} \left(-\tilde{g}_{t\varphi}\pm\sqrt{\tilde{g}_{t\varphi}^2-\tilde{g}_{tt}\tilde{g}_{\varphi\varphi}}\right).
\end{equation}
This second order algebraic equation is fully analogous to its Kerr counterpart.
The solution for~$\omega$ is real only when the discriminant in~(\ref{omegapm}) is positive. This discriminant is nothing but the two dimensional determinant $\text{Det}_{(t,\varphi)}$ of the $(t,\varphi)$ sections of (\ref{df}).
Using~(\ref{df}), we find an equation for the hypersurface where the determinant $\text{Det}_{(t,\varphi)}=0$, or equivalently the discriminant of (\ref{omegapm}) is zero:
\begin{equation}
\label{P | [
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29925
] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.715341 | 2.518346 | -0.181894 | 0.709343 |
}
P(r,\theta)\equiv \tilde{\Delta}(r) + \frac{2\tilde{M}Da^2r\sin^2\theta}{\rho^2(r,\theta)}=0\, ,
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{\Delta}(r) = a^2+r^2-2\tilde{M}r$.
Note that the same equation can be obtained by requiring that $\tilde{g}^{rr}=0$, which is also similar to the Kerr case, indeed, Eq.~(\ref{rpm}) can also be found from $g^{rr}=0$ of the Kerr metric.
Eq.~(\ref{P}) is a fourth order algebraic equation in $r$, thus one can write an analytic solution for $r$ as a function of $\theta$,
\begin{equation}
\label{Pzero}
P(R_0(\theta),\theta)=0\;\;\; \Rightarrow \;\;\; r=R_0(\theta),
\end{equation}
but we do not give it here since it is not especially informative.
The above equation can have multiple roots, and we are always interested in the outermost one. This resembles the situation with the Kerr metric, where there are at most two solutions.
Let us comment on the hypersurface given by Eq.~(\ref{Pzero}).
First of all, by taking $D=0$, Eq.~(\ref{P}) reduces to the equation determining the locus of the horizon in the Kerr case, $\Delta =0$.
For $D\neq 0$, however, the solution $r=R_0(\theta)$ depends on $\theta$.
This implies that the vector~$l^\mu$ defined in~(\ref{stationary}), although a combination of Killing vectors, is not a Killing vector itself.
Indeed, Eq.~(\ref{omegapm}) taken at the surface $P=0$ yields $\omega(\theta) = -\tilde{g}_{t\varphi}/\tilde{g}_{\varphi\varphi}$, which depends on $\theta$ for $D\neq0$, unlike in the case of Kerr.
Note also that for arbitrary $D$, the surface $P=0$ coincides with the (outer) ergosurface at the poles.
Moreover, in the interior of this hypersurface $P=0$ all Killing vectors are spacelike (except at the poles)!
Another important property of the hypersurface (\ref{Pzero}) is that it is not null.
Indeed, a normal vector to the $P=0$ hypersurface is $N_\mu = \left(0,1, -R'_0(\theta),0\right)$, and its norm is easily evaluated,
\begin{equation}
\tilde{g}^{\mu\nu}N_\mu N_\nu = \tilde{g}^{rr} + R'^2_0\, \tilde{g}^{\theta\theta} >0,
\end{equation}
implying that the hypersurface $r=R_0(\theta)$ is time-like.
The physical meaning of the hypersurface $P=0$ can be seen from its construction: it is the last surface of stationary observers, i.e. observers with constant $\theta$ and $r$. While in the case of the Kerr metric it coincides with the horizon (since it is null), for the disformal metric the hypersurface (\ref{Pzero}) is not a horizon.
By definition, it has the meaning of a stationary limit (c.f. the static limit). Therefore from now on we will refer to the hypersurface $P=0$ as the stationary limit.
\subsection{A candidate event horizon}
The last stationary surface defined by $P=0$ is time-like, as we saw above.
Therefore we have to proceed to even smaller $r$ in order to find a candidate horizon.
The candidate horizon has to be a null hypersurface, is situated inside the stationarity limit and is time independent and axisymmetric according to the metric symmetries~(\ref{df}).
Let us define a normal vector to such a hypersurface $r=R(\theta)$,
\begin{equation}
\label{n}
n_\mu = \left(0,1, -R'(\theta),0\right).
\end{equation}
Asking that the above vector is null, the hypersurface we seek verifies the equation
\begin{equation}
\label{null | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.666434 | 2.248407 | 0.00998 | 0.651159 |
_surf}
\left(\frac{dR}{d\theta}\right)=\pm \sqrt{-P(R,\theta)}\; ,
\end{equation}
where $P$ is given in~(\ref{P}). A solution to the above equation (\ref{null_surf}), the null hypersurface $R=R(\theta)$, is our candidate event horizon for the disformed Kerr metric.
The above equation can also be found by requiring that the metric is degenerate on $r=R(\theta)$ hypersurfaces, as we demonstrate in Appendix~\ref{app:geometry}. This is done by defining a new radial variable $\zeta$ such that the horizon is situated at some constant $\zeta$. The same horizon equation (\ref{null_surf}) is then given by $g^{\zeta\zeta}=0$ in a similar way to Kerr in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. One can check that the vector~(\ref{n}) satisfying (\ref{null_surf}) is a generator of null geodesics skimming the hypersurface $R=R(\theta)$. Eq.~(\ref{null_surf}) with~(\ref{n}) also agrees with the equation defining the horizon in~\cite{Johannsen:2013rqa,Johannsen:2015pca}, albeit for other Kerr deformations.
The differential equation~(\ref{null_surf}) is of first order and has two branches. In each branch, the solution $R=R(\theta)$ is by definition monotonous.
Depending on the sign of $D$ and the interval of $\theta$, one has to choose a particular branch among the two in~(\ref{null_surf}).
Note that Eq.~(\ref{null_surf}) is invariant under the change $R(\pi-\theta)=R(\theta)$, which agrees with the fact that our solution should be symmetric with respect to the equator. For the solution $r=R(\theta)$ to be smooth, its derivatives should vanish at the poles, $R'(0)=R'(\pi)=0$. In addition, since we ask for the solution to be symmetric with respect to $\theta\to \pi-\theta$, we have to also require that $R'(\pi/2)=0$, which is not automatic. Note that by virtue of Eq.~(\ref{null_surf}) these conditions mean that the surfaces $R(\theta)$ and $R_0(\theta)$ coincide at the poles and the equator.
On the other hand, the equation~(\ref{null_surf}) is of first order, therefore we only need to specify one boundary condition.
This implies that {\it a priori} there are more physical requirements on the solution than the available freedom in the choice of the boundary conditions. As we will see by solving~(\ref{null_surf}) numerically, this indeed becomes a problem for some ranges of the parameters $\tilde{M}$, $a$ and $D$.
It is possible to see analytically why one of the conditions on the solution of (\ref{null_surf}) cannot be satisfied for large enough values of $a$ and $|D|$.
To do this, we examine the behaviour of the solution around $\theta=0$ and $\theta=\pi/2$. For the sake of convenience, we discuss the results in terms of `natural' units setting $\tilde{M}=1$. This means that the radius $r$ (as well as $R_0(\theta)$ and $R(\theta)$) and the Kerr parameter $a$ are given in terms of $\tilde{M}$. We assume that $R$ is twice differentiable at $\theta=\pi/2$. Then, requiring that $R'(\pi/2)=0$,
a Taylor expansion around $\theta=\pi/2$ yields a necessary condition,
\begin{equation}
\label{real_cond}
\left(R-1 - \frac{Da^2}{R^2}\right)^2\geq -8 Da^2\frac{R^2+a^2}{R^3}\; ,
\end{equation}
in order for $R''(\pi/2)$ to be real,
where in the above equation $R$ is evaluated at $\theta=\pi/2$.
Eq.~(\ref{real_cond}) is automatically satisfied for positive $D$, but not for negative $D$. In this case, substituting the relevant solution for $R=R_0$ at $\theta=\pi/2$ into (\ref{real_cond}), one can show that $ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.408313 | 2.238025 | -0.651271 | 0.466487 |
a$ cannnot exceed a critical value $a_c(D)$ which verifies a fourth order polynomial equation in $a_c^2$,
\begin{equation}
\label{acrit_negative}
Q_3 (a_c)=0\; ,\qquad D<0\; ,
\end{equation}
where the expression for $Q_3$ is given in Appendix~\ref{AppendixQ}.
The above equation can be solved in terms of $D$ (one can show that there is only one positive real solution).
For $D>0$, similar arguments at $\theta=0$ yield
\begin{equation}
\label{acrit_positive}
a_c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+4D}}\; ,\qquad D>0\; .
\end{equation}
The solution for $a_c$ as a function of $D$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{a_crit}. In terms of the angular momentum $\tilde{a}$ measured by an observer at infinity (see section \ref{sec:properties}), one has $\tilde{a}<\sqrt{1+D}\,a_c$ for physical solutions. Using \ref{acrit_negative} and \ref{acrit_positive}, one can check that $\tilde{ a}<1$ when $D\neq0$, meaning that the disformed metric looks like a sub-extremal Kerr solution to an observer at infinity.
Note that this study allows us to verify that values of $a> a_c(D)$ do not give a smooth solution for the null surface\footnote{Higher orders of the Taylor expansion around $\theta=\pi/2$ do not give additional conditions. Indeed, if we assume that $R^{(2p+1)}(\pi/2)=0$, then the order $2p$ in the Taylor expansion is linear in $R^{(2p)}$ when $p>1$. So we do not have additional constraints to ensure that $R^{(4)},R^{(6)}$, etc. are real at $\theta=\pi/2$. The same is true for the expansion around $\theta=0$.}.
This does not guarantee, however, that the solution is smooth for $a<a_c$. We could only verify this numerically, as can be seen from Fig.~\ref{derivative_equator}. The numerical integration yields $R'(\pi/2)=0$ to a high precision when $a<a_c$, and $R'(\pi/2)\neq0$ when $a>a_c$. Similar results are obtained when evaluating $R'(0)$ for $D>0$.
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{a_crit.pdf}
\caption{Critical value $a_c$ as a function of $D$. For $a>a_c$, we have $R'(\pi/2)\neq0$ when $D<0$, and $R'(0)\neq0$ when $D>0$. For points in the shaded region, $R'(0)=R'(\pi/2)=0$ is allowed.}
\label{a_crit}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1.1]{derivative_new.pdf}
\caption{Numerical value for $R'(\pi/2)$ for $D=-0.75$ (black), $D=-0.3$ (red) and $D=-0.1$ (blue).}
\label{derivative_equator}
\end{figure}
As for finding the solution of~(\ref{null_surf}), we used two different techniques.
The direct numerical integration of~(\ref{null_surf}) with a given boundary condition by the Runge–Kutta method is discussed below.
An alternative approach is to search for the solution $r=R(\theta)$ by expanding~(\ref{null_surf}) in an iterative series,
where at each order a solution can be found knowing the result at the previous order.
We refer the reader to Appendix~\ref{sec:small_D} for this approach.
Depending on the sign of $D$, it is convenient to choose the boundary condition either at $\theta=0$ or $\theta=\pi/2$ in our numerical integration.
Having this in mind, we only have to solve Eq.~(\ref{null_surf}) in either one of the two intervals $0\leq\theta\ | [
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leq\pi/2$ or $\pi/2\leq\theta\leq\pi$. We are again using natural units ($\tilde{ M}=1$) for the numerical results.
Let us first consider the case $D<0$.
The physical branch of (\ref{null_surf}) is increasing for $0\leq\theta\leq\pi/2$ and decreasing for $\pi/2\leq\theta\leq\pi$, so that the solution $r=R(\theta)$ reaches its maximum at the equator.
In this case we numerically integrate the equation for $R'(\theta)$ in the interval $0\leq\theta\leq\pi/2$\footnote{Note that our numerical integration fails when we try to integrate in the other range, for $\pi/2\leq\theta\leq\pi$. We believe that this is due to the numerical instability exploding when the negative branch is chosen in~(\ref{null_surf}).}.
For small values of $a$, the curves $R(\theta)$ and $R_0(\theta)$ are extremely close in the whole range $[0,\pi/2]$, and the numerical results are consistent with the condition $R'(\pi/2)=0$.
This remains true as we increase the rotation, until the rotation parameter reaches a critical value $a=a_c$.
For higher values $a>a_c$, we have $R'(\pi/2)\neq0$, which is clear from the fact that $R\neq R_0$ at the equator (see Fig.~\ref{DX02}).
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=1.]{a09varyD_new.pdf}
\caption{Numerical integration of $R-R_+$ and $R_0-R_+$ for $a=0.9$ and varying $D$, respectively $D=-0.75$ (black), $D=-0.3$ (red), $D=-0.1$ (blue), $D=0.05$ (purple) and $D=0.1$ (orange). The solution becomes unphysical when $|D|$ becomes large.}
\label{DX02}
\end{figure}
In the case $D>0$, the physical branch of the solution $r=R(\theta)$ is decreasing for $0\leq\theta\leq\pi/2$ and increasing for $\pi/2\leq\theta\leq\pi$. Thus the null surface has a minimum at the equator, contrary to the case $D<0$.
Apart from the constraint on $a$ coming from the consistency of~(\ref{null_surf}) at $\theta=\pi/2$ discussed above, in this case there is an additional bound on the possible values of $a$ and $D$.
Indeed, for both $a$ and $D$ large, there is no longer a solution of $P(r,\pi/2)=0$, which means that the condition $R'(\pi/2)=0$ cannot be satisfied.
In other words, for a given $D$, an increase of $a$ results in the disappearance of the root of $P$ at the equator.
However, one can show that the bound coming from the existence of $R_0(\pi/2)$ is weaker than the one obtained in (\ref{acrit_positive}).
On the other hand, if both $D$ and $a$ are not too large, the numerical solution of~(\ref{null_surf}) is smooth at $\theta=\pi/2$, see Fig.~\ref{DX02}.
Note that in this case we solve from $\theta=\pi/2$ to $\theta=\pi$, since the numerical integration breaks down in the interval from $0$ to $\pi/2$. Similarly to the case of negative $D$ in the interval $[\pi/2,\pi]$, we believe that this is related to a growth of the numerical instability.
Having found the null hypersurface $R(\theta)$, let us comment on the causal structure of spacetime.
We consider the following continuous one parameter family of hypersurfaces, $R_\zeta(\theta)=R(\theta) +\zeta$, where $\zeta$ is a constant labeling a given hypersurface.
The parameter $\zeta$ corresponds to the coordinate $\zeta$ introduced in the Appendix~\ref{app:geometry}, i.e. the surfaces $R_\zeta(\theta)$ are $\zeta=\text{const}$ surfaces in coordinates $(t,\zeta,\theta,\ | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.292413 | 1.666999 | -0.79428 | 0.274226 |
varphi)$. These coordinates are adapted to the candidate horizon situated at $\zeta=0$, whose equation is simply $g^{\zeta\zeta}=0$, which is identical to (\ref{null_surf}).
In other words the set of hypersurfaces $R_\zeta(\theta)$ is analogous to $r=\text{const}$ surfaces in the Kerr case.
Therefore $\zeta=0$ corresponds to the null surface $R(\theta)$, while for $\zeta>0$ ($\zeta<0$) the surface $R_\zeta(\theta)$ is outside (inside) the candidate horizon. Under the mild assumption that $R(\theta)> \tilde{M}$ (non-extremality for Kerr), it can be shown that these surfaces are timelike for $\zeta>0$, and that there exists small $\zeta_0<0$, such that the $R_\zeta(\theta)$ are spacelike for $\zeta_0<\zeta<0$.
This construction shows that outside of $R(\theta)$ null (and timelike) geodesics can travel towards increasing {\it and} decreasing $\zeta$, crossing the hypersurfaces $R_\zeta(\theta)$ both ways. On the other hand, inside the candidate horizon surface, null (and timelike) geodesics can only move in one direction. This picture is fully analogous to the Kerr black hole for radii greater than the inner horizon radius. We therefore conclude that under the assumption that a regular solution $R=R(\theta)$ exists, our candidate horizon is indeed an event horizon shielding the ring singularity. The disformed Kerr metric is therefore a black hole.
It may seem paradoxical that inside the surface of last stationary observers, there is still a region of space-time from which light and particles can escape. Indeed, the stationarity vector (\ref{stationary}) (which we defined with constant $\theta$ and $r$ coordinates) is spacelike inside the stationary limit.
However, timelike vectors with {\it non-constant} $\theta$ and $r$ can be constructed in between the surfaces $r=R_0(\theta)$ and $r=R(\theta)$. Intuitively, this can be understood from the fact that there is a non-zero $\tilde{g}_{tr}$ term compared to the Kerr metric in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. This additional term plays a complementary role to the $g_{t\phi}$ term in Kerr, which distinguishes static from stationary observers. Here, it allows the existence of timelike observers moving towards increasing $\zeta$ within the stationarity limit.
\section{Discussion, Conclusions}
In this article we have considered a disformal transformation of the
standard GR Kerr metric. Crucially, the disformal directions were
given with respect to derivatives of the scalar field which are
tangent vectors to a regular geodesic congruence of the spacetime
metric. The scalar is a particular Hamilton Jacobi function for Kerr
geodesics. The four conserved parameters of the Kerr spacetime
(originating from the two Killing vectors and the two Killing
tensors{\footnote{Here, we include the metric itself which is trivially a Killing tensor for a metric connection.}}) are chosen so that the scalar is well defined from the
event horizon to asymptotic infinity \cite{Charmousis:2019vnf}. The
resulting disformal metric is a stationary and axisymmetric spacetime, like Kerr, while the
scalar field is again related to the disformed spacetime geodesics.
We have shown that the resulting spacetime is non circular and non
Einstein (unlike Kerr), but that it has a single ring singularity
at $\rho=0$, just like Kerr.
We have found compelling
evidence (an important number of necessary conditions) that there
exists a regular null hypersurface, our event horizon,
situated at $R=R(\theta)$ (solution of (\ref{null_surf})). This
hypersurface was shown to be situated in the interior of the
stationary limit of constant $r$ and $\theta$ observers. This latter stationary limit surface is given by an equation $P(r,\theta)=0$,
(\ref{P}), and is located inside the ergosurface, which is given by $\tilde{ g}_{tt}=0$.
We have shown that for large $r$, the disformal metric resembles the Kerr solution with a rescaled mass $\tilde{ M}$ and angular momentum $\tilde | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 0.750662 | 2.191304 | -0.188171 | 0.370356 |
{a}$. Furthermore, asking for the event horizon to be physical results in an upper bound for the rotation parameter $\tilde{a}$, and one can show that $\tilde{a}<\tilde{ M}$ if $D\neq0$, meaning that the disformed solution will look like a sub-extremal Kerr spacetime to an observer at infinity.
In summary, we have found necessary conditions and numerical evidence for the existence of a regular null hypersurface $R=R(\theta)$ which is regular at the equator (no knee singularity). We showed that when this hypersurface is present it is the boundary of a trapped interior region from where no lightlike (or timelike) signals can escape (in a stationary spacetime). Under the assumption of a regular $R=R(\theta)$ surface, we have therefore shown that our candidate horizon is indeed the event horizon of a black hole while demonstrating that our spacetime is free of time machines (causally stable). The latter is a rather nice feature due to the presence of a global time function $\phi(t,r)$, inherent to the construction of the disformal metric~(\ref{df}) using timelike geodesics.
The disformal transformation is an internal map within DHOST Ia theories. We start from $c_T=1$ theories where
our spacetime is identical to the GR Kerr solution \cite{Charmousis:2019vnf}, and map to a disformed Kerr metric for
some DHOST Ia theory with some given $G$, $A_3$ and $A_1$ parameters in the notation of DHOST \cite{Achour:2016rkg}. Such theories
are constrained from gravity wave tests (see for example \cite{Ezquiaga:2018btd}) assuming that the scalar is varying at vast
cosmological scales ie., a dark energy field.{\footnote{There have been criticisms on such effective theory calculations that
recent data from LIGO/Virgo are within the strong coupling scale \cite{deRham:2018red} associated to dark energy and one has
to be rather careful when making stringent claims.}} The solutions we have discussed here are asymptotically flat and locally influence the speed of gravity waves for these particular scalar tensor theories. Independently of gravity wave constraints, the solutions
discussed here go beyond the interest of these particular theories and we believe that they are interesting in their own right as simple,
analytic, benchmark alternatives to the prototype Kerr solution.
Indeed, one may consider the $D$ dependent metric~(\ref{df}) as a one-parameter family of Kerr deformations, which may be tested by present and future gravity experiments.
In the metric~(\ref{df}), deviations from GR are encoded in the disformality coefficient $D$, therefore one may look either for constraining deviations from GR or, on the other hand, for smoking gun gravity modifications.
Furthermore, given their simple origin related to geodesics,
they may include effects beyond probable strong coupling scales of particular EFT theories. In this sense we think it would even
be very interesting to study disformations of dark energy self tuning solutions starting from the regular solutions
in \cite{Charmousis:2019vnf}. Additionally, one could include conformal transformations which will not alter the null cones
but may yield interesting regularity conditions \cite{Domenech:2019syf}.
The presence of the non circular off-diagonal
term $\tilde{g}_{tr}$ can also be instructive when looking for approximate
solutions, for example in the slowly rotating limit. Indeed, for the disformal solution the resulting off-diagonal term can be eliminated by a
change of coordinates in the first order approximation, but this is
no longer the case from the next order on. This observation may be
pertinent for the search of a rotating black hole solution of the
so-called Chern-Simons modified gravity \cite{Jackiw:2003pm}. For
example, in Ref.\cite{Grumiller:2007rv}, the authors claim that
stationary and axisymmetric solutions of Chern-Simons modified
gravity probably do not exist, but they limit their analysis to
circular configurations. In order to bring light to this issue, one must clearly include metric contributions that are not circular. Signs of non-circularity
have also been found numerically in the case of a DGP Horndeski rotating black hole \cite{Van | [
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] | 1,024 | ArXiv | 1.120183 | 2.559875 | 0.526429 | 0.74223 |
Aggie Agora
Telecommunication It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance
industry in India is one of the most prevalent sectors and is growing rapidly
over the last decade. India is currently the second largest telecommunication market
in the world and contributes to the India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a
significant way.
the last 8 years, Indian telecom industry is under tremendous pressure due to
the rise in the number of players in the market which has resulted in stiff
competition and rise in capital intensity leading to decline in the
contribution of telecom services to GDP from 2% in FY09 to a low 1.2% in FY17
over the last period. The telecom players in the Indian market have also seen a
constant decline in their profitability ratios during this period and are
unable to earn their cost of capital because of continuous investments in
regular spectrum auctions.
industry faced a major disruption and margins impacted because of the high
degree of financial leverage from the new player Reliance Jio. Reliance Jio
Infocomm Limited or Jio is an LTE mobile network operator in India. It is a
wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries headquartered in Navi Mumbai,
Maharashtra. Its services were commercially launched in India on 5 September
2016. It is the only 'VoLTE-only' (Voice over LTE) operator in the country
which lacks traditional network support of 2G and 3G, with coverage across all
22 telecom circles in India. It owns spectrum in 850 MHz and
1,800 MHz bands in ten and six circles, respectively, of India's 22
circles, and also owns pan -India licensed 2,300 MHz spectrum which is
valid till 2035.
Industry before Reliance
Indian telecoms sector has traditionally been voice driven. In 2016, India was
already one of the largest smartphone markets in the world in terms of volume.
Bharti Airtel, Vodafone and Idea were the top three players of the Indian
telecom market and together accounted for more than 74% share of the total
market at the end of March 2016. The market was dominated by these market
players with heavy profits to the larger players. (Figure I of Annexure)
after the launch of Reliance Jio:
After the successful beta implementation of Reliance Jio, it was
launched on September 5th,2016 for the general public. The launch of
Reliance Jio forced all the major telecom operators to change their pricing
strategies, much to the delight of consumers as Jio offered free 4G data as
part of its welcome offer till December 31, 2016. With Reliance Jio 4G SIM, one
would also get free unlimited voice calls (local and STD), with free roaming
across the country. Jio 4G then came up with free 4G data services with a cap
of 4GB usage per day till December 31. The SIM provided access to high-speed
internet, almost throughout the day, and across the country because of Jio's
huge network. The Jio 4G SIM was available for free at Reliance Digital stores
and several other outlets across the country.
traditional concept of voice over data was shaken up to the core. There was a
sudden change in the data usage and people started questioning about the
pricing of other companies. The competitors in what can be seen as a pricing
strategy to counter Reliance Jio were forced to cut down prices and introduce
new plans to stop customers from luring away. Airtel
announced free voice calls across India bundled with 300 MB of 4G data at Rs145
and Idea Cellular Ltd too was forced to launch a similar offer—bundling free
calls on its own network and 300 MB 4G data—at Rs148 for its prepaid customers.
This was the beginning of telecom war that disrupted the Indian telecom sector
and many analysts suggesting consolidation would be the way out in near future.
PWC has had | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.475412 | 0.073319 | 0.7721 | -0.072351 |
Acorda Therapeutics Elects John P. Kelley to Board of Directors
HAWTHORNE, N.Y., Dec 01, 2008 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ACOR) today announced that John P. Kelley, President and Chief Operating Officer of The Medicines Company (Nasdaq: MDCO), has been elected to its Board of Directors.
Mr. Kelley has been the President and Chief Operating Officer of The Medicines Company, a leading developer of acute care hospital pharmaceutical products, since December 2004. Prior to joining The Medicines Company, Mr. Kelley held several senior management positions at Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., most recently as Senior Vice President, Global Marketing and Medical, where he was responsible for worldwide brand management of its core strategic brands and also managed strategic alliances with its partner companies. Previously, he served there as Senior Vice President, Strategic Risk Officer and Vice President, Head of Strategic Development, leading the strategic planning process of the pharmaceutical division of Aventis as well as merger and acquisition activity. Prior to the formation of Aventis, he served as Vice President, Commercial Director, U.S. and as Vice President of Marketing at Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc. Mr. Kelley received a B.A. from Wilkes University and an M.B.A. from Rockhurst University.
"I am delighted to welcome John Kelley to Acorda's Board of Directors," stated Ron Cohen, M.D., President and CEO of Acorda Therapeutics. "John brings to Acorda outstanding experience and achievements in pharmaceutical commercialization and corporate strategy. We look forward to working with him as we advance toward the potential approval and launch of Fampridine-SR, our lead product for multiple sclerosis."
"Acorda Therapeutics is an emerging leader in the biotechnology industry," said Mr. Kelley. "I am excited to have the opportunity to work with Ron, the Board and the management team as the Company approaches key milestones in its growth in 2009 and beyond."
Acorda Therapeutics is a biotechnology company developing therapies for spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and related nervous system disorders. The Company's marketed products include Zanaflex Capsules(R) (tizanidine hydrochloride), a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity. In June 2008, Acorda's lead clinical product, Fampridine-SR, completed a second Phase 3 clinical trial to evaluate its safety and efficacy in improving walking ability in people with MS. The Company's pipeline includes a number of products in development for the treatment, regeneration and repair of the spinal cord and brain.
This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, regarding management's expectations, beliefs, goals, plans or prospects should be considered forward-looking. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, including delays in obtaining or failure to obtain FDA approval of Fampridine-SR, the risk of unfavorable results from future studies of Fampridine-SR, Acorda Therapeutics' ability to successfully market and sell Fampridine-SR, if approved, and Zanaflex Capsules, competition, failure to protect its intellectual property or to defend against the intellectual property claims of others, the ability to obtain additional financing to support Acorda Therapeutics' operations, and unfavorable results from its preclinical programs. These and other risks are described in greater detail in Acorda Therapeutics' filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Acorda Therapeutics may not actually achieve the goals or plans described in its forward-looking statements, and investors should not place undue reliance on these statements. Acorda Therapeutics disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of developments occurring after the date of this press release.
SOURCE: Acorda Therapeut | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -0.434656 | -0.245287 | -0.14603 | -0.811513 |
Type 83 273mm multiple launch rocket system
The development of the 273-mm multiple launch rocket system has been underway in China since the late 50s by plant N 123. Work on this project was interrupted during the cultural revolution and was resumed only in 1978.
During the development and testing of the system, designers faced a number of difficulties, the main of which was the extremely low heap and accuracy of firing of uncontrollable projectiles, due to insufficient rigidity of the artillery part of the launcher, poor quality of the projectiles and their engines. The system's test failures questioned the expediency of continuing the work on this project, as it directly competed with the 122mm RSW (later designated "Type-90") project of plant N 5137, which had the same range of fire. Nevertheless, taking into account the much greater potential to increase the range and combat efficiency of 273 mm missiles, it was decided to continue work in this direction. The designers abandoned the use of rail rails in favor of box rails, which reduce the interaction of launch missiles, and resolved a set of issues that excludes vibrations and swinging of the launcher during a salvo.
Small-batch production of RCDs designated "Type 83". (export designation WM-40), started in 1984 . At present, this system is in small numbers in service with individual artillery divisions of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Although the Type 83 MLRS has not been deployed in mass numbers, work on this project has undoubtedly played a major role in the development of future generations of Chinese multiple launch rocket systems. The Type 83 MLRS was discontinued in 1988, and was replaced by the 273mm WM-80 system, with much higher accuracy and range, mobility and firepower, in the export list of Chinese NORINCO Corporation.
Type 83" is a part of RESO:
self-propelled launcher,
273mm unguided rockets,
fire control system
transport-charging machine.
The launcher is based on the tracked artillery tractor "Type 60-1". Instead of a cargo platform, a swivel frame is installed at the rear of the tractor, on which the artillery part of the launcher is mounted. The location of the crew cabin and engine remained unchanged.
The artillery part of the launcher includes a package of four box rails, lifting and turning mechanisms, sighting devices and related hydraulic and electrical equipment. The lifting mechanism is hydraulically operated and provides vertical guidance of the launcher in the range of angles from +5.5° to +56°. The angle of horizontal guidance is 20°. To ensure the necessary stability when shooting at the rear of the chassis there are two stops with hydraulic jacks. It takes about one minute to deploy the unit on standby. Charging of the launcher is carried out by a transport and charging machine equipped with crane equipment.
The 273-mm unguided rockets (NUR) used for firing the Type 83 rocket launcher are stabilized in flight by four-blade stabilizers and rotation. The projectiles have a 138 kg fragmentation head unit, but chemical and cassette head units are also possible. The projectile has a maximum speed of 811 m/s during flight. The projectile can be fired in single shots or in volleys. The round deviation is 1.2% and 0.7% of the Azimuth and Range respectively.
The tracked chassis of the launcher has a V-shaped twelve-cylinder diesel engine with an output of 300 hp. Transmission is mechanical. Five large-diameter support rollers are mounted on each side of the chassis and there are no support rollers. The suspension of the support rollers is individual torsional. Driving wheels are located at the rear. When driving on the highway the launcher has a maximum speed of 60 km/h. On rough terrain its passability is rather high. It is able to overcome walls up to 0.6 m high and 2.2 m wide ditches. Without prior preparation, the launcher forces fords up to 1 m deep. It has a travel reserve of 400 km on the highway.
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Q: Heroku doesn't see gem 'pg' Need help.
When I try to make
user@X220:~/rails_projects/sample_app$ heroku run rake db:migrate
There is a mistake:
Running rake db:migrate on limitless-fjord-69900.... up, run.2816
rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not loaded.
Add gem 'pg' to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by ActiveRecord).
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:177:in rescue in spec'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/connection_specification.rb:174:inspec'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:50:in establish_connection'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:120:inblock (2 levels) in '
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:38:in instance_eval'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:38:inexecute_hook'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:45:in block in run_load_hooks'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:44:ineach'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.6/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:44:in run_load_hooks'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/base.rb:315:in'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/base.rb:26:in <top (required)>'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.6/lib/active_record/tasks/mysql_database_tasks.rb:8:in'
.
.
.
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate => db:load_config
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
My Gemfile is:
'source 'https://rubygems.org'
ruby '2.2.0'
gem 'activerecord', '~> 4.2', '>= 4.2.6'
gem 'rails', '4.2.6'
group :development, :test do
gem 'byebug'
gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.3', '>= 1.3.11'
gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 2.8'
end
group :test do
gem 'selenium-webdriver', '2.35.1'
gem 'capybara', '2.1.0'
end
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1 | [
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> My settings for new macOS installations
# Getting started
The first step is install the Xcode in the mac app store, after installed check if the `git` command is working.
# Apps from App Store
Apps that I use installed with the mac app store
#### From Apple
- [Pages](https://www.apple.com/lae/pages/)
- [Numbers](https://www.apple.com/lae/numbers/)
- [Keynote](https://www.apple.com/lae/keynote/)
- [iMovie](https://www.apple.com/lae/imovie/)
#### Third-party
- [1Password](https://1password.com/)
- [Airmail](http://airmailapp.com/)
- [Wire](https://wire.com/)
- [Slack](https://slack.com/)
- [Shazam](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/shazam/id897118787/)
- [Amphetamine](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/amphetamine/id937984704/)
- [Table Tool](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/table-tool/id1122008420/)
- [Patterns](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/patterns-the-regex-app/id429449079/)
- [Tweetbot for Twitter](https://tapbots.com/tweetbot/)
- [Chatty for Facebook Messenger](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/chatty-for-facebook-messenger/id981117463/)
# Apps installed manually
- [Authy](https://authy.com/download/)
- [Skype](https://www.skype.com/en/)
- [Stremio](http://www.strem.io/)
- [Spotify](https://www.spotify.com/us/download/mac/)
- [Google Chrome](https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/desktop/)
- [Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/)
- [iTerm2](https://www.iterm2.com/version3.html)
- [Docker for Mac](https://www.docker.com/docker-mac/)
- [Kitematic](https://kitematic.com/)
- [Clean My Mac](https://macpaw.com/cleanmymac/)
- [Keybase](https://keybase.io/download/)
# Safari Extensions
- [1Password](https://agilebits.com/onepassword/extensions/)
- [Adguard](https://safari-extensions.apple.com/details/?id=com.adguard.safari-N33TQXN8C7/)
- [Awesome Screenshot](https://safari-extensions.apple.com/details/?id=com.diigo.safari.awesomescreenshot-5DXNM3K2CT/)
- [Grammarly for Safari](https://safari-extensions.apple.com/details/?id=com.grammarly.spellchecker.extension-W8F64X92K3/)
- [URL Advisor](https://safari-extensions.apple.com/details/?id=com.kaspersky.urla-2Y8XE5CQ94/)
- [Honey](https://safari-extensions.apple.com/details/?id=forge.safari.honey985c8d42048c4cbeb0bed522bd235ee7-4NREU46PA6/)
# Fonts
You need to install the [FiraCode](https://github.com/tonsky/FiraCode) font in the `fonts` folder.
# Terminal Profile
You need to install the terminal profile in the `terminal` folder. After installed use the `FiraCode` font with the size 16.
# General
- Use the dark menu option in `System Preferences > General`.
- Use the ken burns effect on | [
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St Anns Shopping Centre is conveniently located opposite Harrow on the Hill station and is home to over 40 high street stores including M& S, H& M, Primark, Topshop, River Island and Bhs. BHS to Harrow on the Hill (Greater London), St Ann's Shopping Centre - 14 St Ann's Road: address, phone number, opening times, access map and customer's reviews.
Looking for BHS opening times? Find here the offers, phone number and opening times for BHS store on St Anns Shopping Centre, Harrow. Find opening times for Harrow Council in Station Rd, North Harrow, Harrow, Greater London, HA1 2XY and check other details as well, such as: map, phone number, website. So hours of shopping to be done around here. St. Anns consists of stores like Primark, Topshop, Bhs, Boots, The. St. Ann's Shopping Centre - 11 Reviews - Shopping Centers - St Ann's Road, Harrow& Wealdstone, London - Phone Number - Yelp Looking for ◴ BHS opening times?
Find here the offers, phone number and opening times for BHS store on St Anns Shopping Centre, Harrow. The lights will be back on soon. The lights will be back on soon *This time indicates the possible final show times, please see cinema listings for more information Visit to view times. Shop the newest arrivals at BHS at intu Uxbridge in London now. opening times. how to find us. British Home Stores are your one stop shop department store for. Opening Times. St Anns shopping centre is in the heart of Harrow and has the following opening times.
Car Park Opening Times. St Anns shopping centre is in the heart of Harrow and has the following opening times. Car Park Harrow: St Ann's Shopping Centre, 14 St Ann's Road, Middlesex HA1 1AS.
The history of British Home Stores. Home Office faces fresh criticism as damning passport waiting times emerge. BHS in Harrow, St Ann's Shopping Centre, 14 St Ann's Road, Harrow, HA1 1AS, Opening Times, map, phone number, sunday hours, BHS address Nov 7, 2017. Shoppers have feared a closure announcement since losing BHS in 2016.
lights on November 7. Christmas shopping opening hours. BHS, Harrow Opening Hours Below are the normal opening hours for BHS, Harrow. For seasonal (e. g. Christmas& Easter) and bank holiday opening hours and closing times please visit BHS's website. Bhs, St. Ann's Road, Harrow - Department Stores near Harrow-on-the-Hill Tube Station - All In London Find in Tiendeo all the addresses, phone number and opening hours for BHS stores in Harrow and get the best leaflet offers from your favorite stores.
Learn more on Tiendeo! BHS, 14 St Ann's Road, Harrow British Restaurant - Opening times, reviews, address, phone number, pictures, postcode, directions and map BHS in Harrow, St Ann's Shopping Centre, 14 St Ann's Road, Harrow, HA1 1AS, Opening Times, map, phone number, sunday hours, BHS address Search for items in stock within Harrow Libraries and across the London Libraries Consortium.
Events& activities Find out what's going on this summer at your local library - there's something for everyone! St Anns Shopping Centre is conveniently located opposite Harrow on the Hill station. street stores including M& S, H& M, Primark, Topshop, River Island and Bhs. Apr 3, 2018. Two big name high street shops including a well-known fashion brand and a major supermarket retailer will go ahead at a popular shopping.
Below are the normal opening hours for BHS, Harrow. For seasonal (e. g. Christmas& Easter) and bank holiday opening hours and closing times please visit BHS's website. Dorothy Perkins in Harrow Bhs, C/o Bhs, St Ann's Shopping Centre, 14 St Ann's Road, Harrow, Greater London, HA1 1AS, Opening Times, map, phone number, sunday hours, Dorothy Perkins address | [
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Berkeley County judicial annex could cost $9.4M
Herald Mail
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — A consultant has estimated that a longstanding expansion project for the Berkeley County (W.Va.) Judicial Center could cost about $9.4 million.
Josh Bower of Crabtree, Rohrbaugh & Associates presented the cost analysis Thursday to the Berkeley County Council as part of a
Archive Annex renovation completed
By JOHN KIENER Associate Editor jkiener@heraldandtribune.com A major renovation to the Washington County Archive Annex was completed in 2019. The $350,000 project to the...
Jonesborough Herald & Tribune 2019-07-17
Martinsburg to invite 'expressions of interest' for historic market house redevelopment
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — Martinsburg is embarking on an initiative to see if there is private sector interest in partnering with the city to stabilize and fully use a pre-Civil...
Herald Mail 2019-07-13
Berkeley County names first public infomation officer
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — A federal contractor assigned to the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency in Springfield, Va., has been hired as Berkeley County, W.Va.'s first...
Martinsburg man charged in attempted break-in at downtown restaurant
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — A man is accused of attempting to break into Habanero Mexican Grill in downtown Martinsburg, less than a week after about $1,100 reportedly was taken...
Two charged in W.Va. after drugs, cash, guns seized
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — Two Berkeley County residents were charged Friday after police seized more than a pound of marijuana, about $26,000 in cash and 16 firearms — including an AK-47 — from their home near Falling Waters. Nola Ann Stamper, 27, and Kevin Westley Davis, 31, both of Crawford Quarry Road each were charged with burglary, conspiracy and possession with intent to...
Martinsburg High hopes to net savings from geothermal-system installation
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — This summer has been an especially busy one at Martinsburg High School, where efforts are underway to install state-of-the-art geothermal technology aimed at substantially reducing heating and cooling costs. Work on the approximately $8.5 million project began in the spring and will be completed before students return in August, according to engineer Trevor...
Overhaul of Martinsburg tennis courts to begin in coming weeks
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — Demolition of the nearly 40-year-old tennis courts at P.O. Faulkner Park in Martinsburg could begin in the next couple of weeks now that a large chunk of the funding needed for the project has been identified. About $45,000 in private donations, including $10,000 from the Eastern West Virginia Community Foundation, has been raised for the project, Steve...
Butts County Courthouse gets closing date
After more than 120 years, the Butts County Courthouse will host its final hearing next month before closing down for renovations. The closure also marks the end of the building's use as a judicial center in the county. Butts County officials have planned a brief ceremony for 2 p.m. Aug. 7 to adjourn court for the final time in the courthouse, which was built in 1898. Deputy...
Henry Herald
Martinsburg man admits to drug trafficking
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — A Martinsburg man pleaded guilty Wednesday to distributing cocaine and heroin, U.S. Attorney Bill Powell said. Levar Glenwood Crawford, 42, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute heroin and cocaine base, according...
Berkeley County man faces up to 130 years in sex abuse of girl
MARTINSBURG, W.Va. — A Falling Waters, W.Va., man was found guilty Wed | [
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Today K and I celebrate our 38th wedding anniversary. Wow! Looking back through the photo albums it's clear that we've changed physically but how we've grown and matured emotionally and socially aren't as obvious.
K still has all his hair and there is very little grey. No, he does not use Grecian Formula. The big difference is that he likes to keep it really short. Drives me crazy because I'm the one who cuts it. Just when I start to like the length he insists it's time for another buzz. I, on the other hand, still have very blonde hair but I do cover my grey and I've been wearing it longer.
We've both gained weight over the years. K used to run marathons when we were first married and even when the kids came along. Except on our wedding day, I've always weighed more than my husband. Even at my thinnest, 132 pounds, K weighed 2 pounds less (at the peak of his marathon running days). Although we're both heavier now we're probably fitter than we've been in years. We walk anywhere from 5 to 10 k every day and we eat pretty healthy meals.
I've always worked as a teacher but at numerous different schools and I've changed specialties over the years. K on the other hand has had a lot of different jobs but he's happiest working on his own. He's been self employed for over 20 years.
People often ask what our secret is to maintaining such a long relationship. There really is no secret. We have our rough patches just like everyone else but we work through them together. We also give each other a lot of freedom to pursue our interests. K has always supported my little business adventures over the years and encourages me when I take courses and classes. I do the same for K. A few years back K was travelling to Ireland on his own almost every year. I knew it was important to him to keep in touch with his family and travelling in June or October made sense, money wise. Of course that meant that I couldn't go because I'd be working. On the other hand, however, I have the cottage and I spend a great deal of time there during the summer.
When we were first married I did most of the cooking but K has become a very good chef and he prepares at least 75% of all our meals. I can't tell you how envious my friends are.
One of the most difficult periods of our marriage took place about 3 years ago when K was diagnosed with cancer, CLL. Last year he underwent 6 months of chemo and I'm happy to say that he is in remission for now. We know that it will return but we're hoping that it will be later rather than sooner. Today he went for his routine three month check-up and everything looks good but more importantly he feels good. This is the best anniversary present for both of us.
This entry was posted in About Me, Cancer, Celebrations, Family, Happiness File, Memories, Photography and tagged 38th wedding anniversary, cancer free, CLL, happiness file, healthy relationships, husband, marathon runner, memories, photography, running, weight gain by Mama Cormier. Bookmark the permalink.
What a nice story. Happy anniversary.
Thank you. We had a nice evening together. I'm glad I waited to go to the cottage.
Happy anniversary! It was fun to read your summary of your relationship and I loved reading about how you two have kept things strong.
It's hard sometimes but if you can hang through the tough times the good times are even better.
When my husband surprises me at work or when he returns after being away for awhile I still get butterflies in my stomach when he walks into the room.
HAPPY ANNIVERSARY!!! How wonderful!! Missus and I will be 25 years in October. I am glad to see that there is still love, respect and friendship at 38 years!!!!
I find it so sad when people separate after being married for decades because they don't like each other anymore. I couldn't imagine staying in a relationship where love and respect have disappeared.
Thank you Elena. We had a very nice day together.
Happy Aniversary!!! You are both so fortunate to have found someone that completes you and loves you dispite | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.68817 | -1.816255 | -1.195066 | -0.456557 |
How is the Master of Science in Business Analytics program different from an MBA with an emphasis in Analytics?
The Master of Science in Business Analytics (MSBA) program provides deeper and more technically focused coursework in a program that, overall, has a more quantitative concentration than the MBA. As a focused, one-year program, the MSBA may be an excellent choice for students with clear career goals in analytics and data-driven areas of business decision making.
The MSBA does not provide the broader perspective on management and leadership that the MBA offers: no courses in management or leadership are included in the MSBA.
How is the Master of Science in Business Analytics program different from Masters programs in Data Science or Data Engineering?
The Rady MSBA program focuses on data-driven business decision-making, analytic project management, and presenting analytic information in a business environment. These emphases on business intelligence, data-driven insights, and business analytics project management are distinguishing features of the Rady MSBA program.
How does Rady's MSBA program differ from other MSBA programs?
Rady's MSBA program was developed by Rady faculty specifically to meet the need of businesses for qualified business analysts. The curriculum combines technically sophisticated tools and technologies with applied, real world business case studies. The program culminates in an applied Capstone project in which MSBA students collaborate with a client company to solve a business problem. Students will gain not only a robust technical skillset, but also the ability to determine the best approach and tools for any analytic project.
If I already have an MBA, will the Master of Science in Business Analytics program provide additional learning or career options?
If your MBA program was not heavily quantitative or did not include coursework focused on analytics and data-driven business decision-making, the MSBA may provide education that will assist in your career in analytics.
Can the program be extended by 6 months or a year?
The MSBA program is designed as a full-time, one-year program, and we expect students to complete the degree in that time period unless there are extenuating circumstances.
Can I choose a minor or specialization?
The MSBA curriculum does not provide the opportunity for a minor or require students to choose a specialization. Students are encouraged to choose electives based on their areas of interest.
Is it possible to complete a dual Master of Science in Business Analytics & MBA at Rady?
No, the MSBA program curriculum does not allow for a dual degree at this time.
Am I allowed to transfer credit from another relevant graduate program towards Rady's program?
The Rady MSBA program does not accept transfer credit from other graduate programs.
Are there opportunities to take classes in other departments at UC San Diego?
Students demonstrating academic success within the Rady MSBA program may be eligible to enroll in classes in other departments at UC San Diego, depending on class availability and department permission.
Can I start the program in the winter/spring?
Rady's MSBA program is offered as a summer (August) start only.
I will complete my bachelor's degree in the spring and will not have any professional work experience. Will you consider my application for admission to the Master of Science in Business Analytics?
Work experience is not required for the MSBA program, but is preferred. If you do not have work experience, we will want to understand why you believe now is the right time for you to pursue the MSBA degree, and we will expect to see excellent academic records, relevant undergraduate internships, extracurricular activities, clear career goals, etc.
Business coursework is not required for the MSBA program, however this is a program focused on making business decisions and applicants should have a keen interest in data analytics specifically in terms to making strategic business decisions.
I have some quantitative or computing background, but not in all the areas listed. Can I apply to and be successful in the program?
The MSBA curriculum emphasizes both the quantitative foundations for data driven decision-making and business savviness for drawing insights and project management. Many applicants will be stronger in one of these areas than the other. Applicants with strength in one area can be successful in admissions and then will develop additional skills in the program.
What are the minimum GMAT or GRE scores for the Rady Master of Science in Business Analytics program?
There is no minimum | [
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Family Business Wisdom, Thoughts & Education
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All posts by Kent B. Rhodes, Ed.D.
Mission, Vision, Values & Culture
HEB Founder Culture 107 Years On
December 20, 2012 Kent B. Rhodes, Ed.D. 1 Comment
Kent Rhodes
On November 26, 1905, Mrs. Florence Butt took out a $60 bank loan to open the first H-E-B store in Kerrville, Texas. The store was run on the ground floor of the Butt's house and was named C.C. Butt in honor of Florence's husband, Charles.
Now being run by a third generation H-E-B has grown from a single local grocery store into a chain of nearly 400 stores generating annual sales in excess of $18 billion, currently operating in two countries. This company is another prime example of how a founder's values, translates into a culture that informs every aspect of the successful family enterprise.
In the early 1900's, groceries were traditionally delivered to a customer's home and for Florence's three sons, this meant delivering groceries to those customers using the boys' outgrown baby carriage until the family was able to save up enough money to purchase a little red wagon to serve the purpose. Florence created an environment that supported, and in fact relied on, family participation, which has translated into a culture that views participation as a family privilege that is extended to employees today.
As the first store became a hit in the community, the family hired their first non-family employee, G. Leland Richeson, to assist with the growing demand and in 1919, 22 year old Howard Butts returned from serving in World War I and took over running the day to day operations of his mother's store.
From the beginning, Howard was keen on upholding his mother's notions of customer service, treating employees as extended family members and giving back to the community, even as the company continued to grow. He was invested in the success of the family's business and was highly motivated to grow it. By the early 1920s, stores were added in the towns of Junction and Del Rio, Texas. Howard also expanded the selection of products offered, tailoring the inventory to consumer preferences.
One of the strongest cultural artifacts of this famous Texas family enterprise is a commitment to charitable giving, both corporately and through employee involvement. The H-E-B Excellence in Education Awards celebrates public school professionals whose leadership and dedication inspire a love of learning in students of all backgrounds and abilities. In addition, H-E-B donates 5% of its pretax profits to charity.
While Florence could not have imagined the eventual impact her approach to running her business would have, it is her direct influence that still drives the company and its fierce employee and customer loyalty today.
artifactsculturerhodesValues
A Founder's Profound Influence on Business Culture
December 18, 2012 Kent B. Rhodes, Ed.D. Leave a comment
Ikea is a Swedish family owned and operated enterprise in the home furnishings retail space. Broadly known as the world leader for designing, manufacturing and selling modernly designed and cheap functional furniture, first generation founder, Ingvar Kamprad originally started out as a "one-man mail" company in 1943. Today the firm counts approximately 70,000 co-workers and realizes over $33 Billion turnover through 332 stores and 30 franchises spread in 38 countries.
Ingvar Kamprad's personality had a major influence in shaping the company's organizational culture, which was informed by his core values of cost-consciousness, simplicity and efficiency. They have also tangibly translated into Ikea's recipe for success: Selling good quality practical furniture's at cheap prices. The multinational founder nourished the company's commitment to cost saving long before he first introduced the 'self-assembling' Ikea-way.
Anders Dahlvis, Ikea's former CEO from 1999 to 2009, describes the firm's culture as informal, cost-consciousness, and with a "down-to-earth approach". It has been famously | [
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reported that when IKEA management organized a gathering buffet-dinner for employees several years ago, Ingvar served himself last and made sure to shake hand with every worker before they left. Through this genuine and authentic action, the culture of IKEA was further solidified simply because this humble interaction with employees demonstrated the culture at work in the bones of the organization.
We've been blogging a lot recently about culture and the unique role is plays in the family enterprise – whether the size of an Ikea or the local hardware store down the street. IKEA's story is likely not too different from those of other business owning families or even of your own. What stories come to mind of founder's deeply influencing culture?
cultureIkearhodes
Communication & Conflict
Sibling and Cousin Teams Making Decisions
December 6, 2012 Kent B. Rhodes, Ed.D. Leave a comment
Sibling and cousin leadership teams present unique challenges to enterprise owning families. Questions about everything from strategy to new hires are sometimes complicated by the mix of sibling/cousin owners who also serve as a part of the management team. How those decisions are made and who has the final say about them can become a sticky issue
While collaborative leadership may be a desirable goal to many families, decision making by consensus is rarely easy and never efficient. The result can be that decisions are made unilaterally, which while saving time, may fail to take into account important strategic or even tactical views from other family leaders/owners working in the business. Quite unintentionally this approach can lead to lower quality decisions over the long haul and create tensions among owners.
So, what is a leadership team supposed to do when at first glance, the choices seem to be to make decisions efficiently but with the possible impact on the quality of relationships with fellow owners/managers (who are also brothers, sisters, and/or cousins) or drag discussions along wasting valuable time, energy and resource? Here's a suggestion to consider: As a team, agree what kind of decisions require the teams' input, individual teammate's perspectives or are tactical, operational decisions that don't require any further communication. This helps identify decisions that demand a higher quality outcome through broader input from the family leadership/ownership team. Stick to this practice, checking in with each other at an on-going owner or management meetings to make sure the highest quality decisions are being made for the benefit of both the enterprise and the family, rather than at the expense of one for the other.
communicationcousinsleadershiprhodessiblings
Managing Communication
Sibling and cousin teams in family businesses can provide deep perspective for both the family and the business as well as broader opportunity for family involvement in the enterprise. But it also presents unique challenges to managing communication and decision making that requires greater awareness of not only how each member of the team is "showing up" in meetings, but of the patterns or habits of how the team interacts with each other.
Even though it isn't spelled out in very many textbooks or articles, developing the skill to simultaneously attend to the task at hand and pay attention to those habits – many of which have likely been solidly in place since team members were children together – is really important to sibling/cousin team success.
Here are some important questions individual teammates might practice asking about themselves and the team in the context of meetings:
How are questions routinely dealt with? Depending on the interaction habits they have developed with each other over a life time, some team members may be routinely ignored or certain questions be considered to be irrelevant or "off limits" and therefore go unaddressed. Creating a mindset that – at least in the context of team meetings – questions are encouraged, listened to and drawn out with good questions from the team to deepen understanding will help over communication habits improve. Learning to follow up those questions with thoughtful, professional responses builds meeting competence and strengthens trust among the team.
How much interrupting/talking over/ignoring takes place? I'm sometimes amazed at the sheer volume of "talking over" each other that occurs within family teams – behaviors that those same family members would never display in another social or professional context. Making agreements that support the idea that team behavior in meetings match other professional contexts is a good starting place.
When did you notice yourself "making stuff up" about the process or what a speaker was saying | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 0.612092 | 0.116146 | -0.368838 | 1.372139 |
? People routinely make sense of the world by "filling in the blanks" regarding what a speaker may not be saying or about the speaker themselves. This creates at least two challenges: One is that it is difficult to truly be an engaged and active listener if my mind is busy creating an subtext about what is being said. Another is that the content of the made up subtext is very possibly inaccurate, misguided or both, leaving a trail of misunderstanding and misinformation that can have negative impacts on effective decision making. Learning to notice when the subtext is being created, then focusing on listening well – followed by asking clarifying questions to iron out any missing pieces – will help keep things on track.
communicationCousinrhodessiblings
Long Term Culture is Key to a Winning Business Strategy
October 25, 2012 Kent B. Rhodes, Ed.D. Leave a comment
We've been talking a lot lately about the important role culture plays in organizations and how that is particularly visible within family businesses. That's because family firms have been really clear about their values from the beginning – even if those values were never captured and put on a poster for the office. It is these values that form culture. The founder's approach to doing business, interacting with customers, employees and the community all work together to help define a business culture, which can have significant impacts on how successful the family firm is over time.
So, while the culture of most organizations is deeply informed by the values of the founder, in a family business those values are more likely to continue long into the future and be deeply shared across the organization. The reason is simple: The founder of a non-family business will be eventually replaced as President or CEO by someone who has his or her own set of values and even though supportive of the culture, rarely has a vested interest in the company culture beyond understanding the role it plays.
But in the family firm, there is strong continuity of culture and values long after the founder is gone with the presence of family members as owners, managers or board members. The family "legacy" of a strong and positive culture can naturally perpetuate the original culture established by the founder for generations to come.
This kind of deeply held, long term culture is key to a winning business strategy by doing business in a way that is consistently in line with the values of the founder. From this point of view, continuity planning takes on a whole new level of meaning: It is so much more than making sure there are family members in future leadership roles. It also ensures that the winning culture of the family business can easily and seamlessly move with subsequent generations to perpetuate success.
culturerhodes
How Do You Describe Your Family Business's Culture?
Anthropologists have long known that the task of learning about a specific group's culture–or the unique way they interact with each other and complete tasks–starts by asking individual members about what they value, their key relationships, and their history.
It is important to pay attention to the unique family business culture of a firm because culture is about identifying bedrock components of the business that are the functional equivalent of the core "bones" of a building (the foundation, beams, pilings, etc). And cultural traits in a family business tend to be simpler, outward manifestations of the more complex underpinnings that hold a family business together. These traits help define what it does and, more importantly, how it does it.
Identifying cultural traits in an organization is difficult if done from within the culture itself. For example, it's been proven over and over again that the average American struggles to accurately identify much about "American culture", beyond being independently minded. A careful observer from another country can easily describe some unique US traits: Highly patriotic, expectations around optimism, mobility, etc. In fact, not only is this struggle true of inhabitants of any national culture, it is also true for people living and working within organizations as well, including the family firm.
Being able to describe these core parts of a family business culture is important as the firm grows and moves into subsequent generations because it helps us understand who we are, how we like to do things and what makes us successful as a business and as a family. It also helps us identify where we might be bumping up against conflict that challenges that success and this is where the real value lies in understanding your organization's culture.
conflictculturerhodesvalue
Family Business Conflict can have Long & Complex Roots
May 10, 2012 Kent B. Rhodes, Ed.D. Leave a comment
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the family enterprise, every conflict is further complicated because of the multiple roles and relationships of family members with each other. The CEO of a family enterprise may be the son of its founder. He may also be Dad to several children and Granddad to multiple grandchildren, some of whom also likely work in the company or serve in some kind of leadership capacity. He is likely the husband of a spouse who helped him build the business and raise those several children. He may also be a brother to a Vice President in the company or even a co-president with him or her. As if that were not enough, he is uncle to his siblings' children and in some cases may also be their boss if they work in any aspect of the family enterprise.
All this inter-connectedness means conflicts in family businesses tend to not only be complex but also the result of long-term processes and relationships rather than one-time events. Although unaddressed events within a family can eventually cause an underlying way of relating between family members that then becomes an accepted norm in which family members view conflict with each other as "normal" for their family.
While most families have varying degrees of this otherwise harmless dynamic as core to their relationships with each other, the added weight of interacting within the context of the enterprise or business, can exacerbate conflict and even devolve into a destructive pattern of conflict over time that is not harmless.
When business conflict is properly addressed owners or managers tackle smaller challenges, managing them effectively in real time. But when events are not well managed or are accepted as normal or just ignored, they can become chronic, stack up over time, and become crisis points. In families with long or multigenerational histories together and with strong emotional ties, recognizing and managing conflict is more challenging than for non-family collaborators. Taking the time to think about those types of conflicts is worth the effort to do so in order to enhance family unity and business efficiency.
conflictrhodes
Key Questions for Conflict Resolution in a Family Business
May 8, 2012 Kent B. Rhodes, Ed.D. Leave a comment
To effectively address the interpersonal conflicts in family business, it is important to understand and address the unique challenges that occur when families simultaneously work to build a multi-generational enterprise, work to give back to their communities, and share financial assets that benefit both the family and its individual members.
Traditional approaches of conflict resolution have their roots primarily in the legal and family counseling fields and as such, tend to present overly simplistic ways to "resolve" conflicts that are common to families in business together. In order to figure out a realistic approach to these unique challenges, it can be helpful to first consider:
Which conflicts need to be managed rather than "resolved"?
Can we clearly define the conflict in a way that everyone's perspective is included?
Are we willing to explore every option to address a conflict?
Can we think about long term "fixes" versus quick ones?
How might we maximize opportunities for learning and increased relationships that addressing conflict can offer a family?
These questions require you to widen your frame and set yourself up to find lasting and comprehensive solutions.
Family Business Conflict
According to some experts, conflict is "a process that begins when an individual or group perceives differences and opposition between itself and another individual or group about interests and resources, beliefs, values or practices that matter to them"[1]. While that definition is accurate, it isn't quite enough to accurately describe conflicts that are common to family business.
Today, many enterprising families also collaborate in managing family offices, overseeing philanthropic endeavors through established family foundations, or sharing control of other public/ private enterprises. While all collaborations will run into their share of disagreements, the unique qualities of family at the intersection of these enterprises bring special challenges to effectively managing conflict. The dynamics that can produce conflict within a family simultaneously intersect with the challenges of owning and operating a business, introducing emotional and historical dynamics that complicate solutions and opportunities.
It is important to bear in mind that when managed correctly, some conflicts can be beneficial – for example spurring important new ideas, innovations and energy for the business. While knowing how to manage conflict and leverage it into an advantage may not be immediately clear, and the emotional load of conflict in a family business can feel threatening – it is important not to avoid conflict, but to work to address it effectively for the benefit of the family and the business.
[1] De Dreu, Harinck | [
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Recently, while discussing poetry with a bunch of 5th graders, I discovered a word that's pretty much left our daily vernacular: loafe.
…but not a single student knew what the word meant. There were jokes about loaves of bread, and one girl thought she had it, but it turns out she'd gotten it mixed up with loathe. Which, you'll agree, is another thing entirely.
Loafe about. Seriously. Creativity can't be rushed. You need to absorb before you can express. You need to walk and garden and bathe and dream and breathe. These things are the stuff that art is made of, the places ideas come from, the source of a sustained head and heart. Really, loafing about isn't just important when making picture books–it's important when living life. Professor Omid Safi asked, in a recent column called The Disease of Being Busy, "When did we forget that we are human beings, not human doings?" We know this, right? Right. This is just a reminder.
And here's the other one. Let's not let really great words like loafe go by the by. Let's use them. I snuck the word kin into my book ALL THE WORLD, and strut into NOODLE & LOU. I used crimp in THE GOOD-PIE PARTY and hue in THINK BIG. These words are evocative and specific and rich and onomatopoeic–they're too good to let go! And, as writers, it's our duty to make sure that we're not just left with a bunch of OMGs and LOLs on judgment day.
How about you make a list of words you used to hear and use, but never do anymore? What if you wrote down all the phrases your granddad used to say? And what if one of them gave you an idea? Picture books aren't designed to dumb down; they're meant to open up and out. They're meant to expand the words and the world that a child has at hand. Lucky us to be a part of all that.
So go ahead, make that list.
And then, what the heck, loafe about for a bit.
Liz Garton Scanlon is the author of the highly-acclaimed Caldecott-honored children's book All the World, illustrated by Marla Frazee, as well as this year's The Good-Pie Party, illustrated by Kady McDonald Denton. Other books include Happy Birthday, Bunny; Think Big, A Sock is a Pocket for Your Toes, and more. Her next picture book (called In The Canyon) and her first novel for young readers, The Great Good Summer, are both due in 2015. Ms. Scanlon is also a poet, teacher and a frequent and popular presenter at schools, libraries and conferences. To learn more, visit her web site at LizGartonScanlon.com.
Stirred up bushels of creative thought…looking backwards. Loved this.
Such great advice and so true! I can sit and try to force an idea to appear or I can iron, yes iron, and two ideas just pop right out without even trying! I much prefer loafing to ironing though!
Since pie — just about any kind of pie — is my favorite dessert (what's with all that cake business anyway?) — "The Good-Pie Party" is a must on my reading list. Who knows, maybe it'll spark a great PB idea!
I especially enjoy this post because I collect words, I love definitions and dialect usage and regional usage and so on! I used the word "holler – a dialect variation of "hollow" as in valley in a short story and was asked by a city dweller, "WHAT?" She had not heard it used evidently…I collect fun words like a miser collects pennies, but unlike the miser, I use them, share them, put them on display and light them up!
Lately I've been thinking that I have forgotten how to slow down… how to loafe. Thanks for the reminder and perhaps it will lead to some great ideas.
My greatest wish–time to loafe! Great reminder that I have to find/make the time. Thanks, Liz!
Thank you for permission to loafe today! Oh goodness, my computer isn't even recognizing it as a word! Congratulations on all your books!
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I love to loafe! Thanks for the reminder to loafe even more.
Thank you for the post! And I will definitely be working on my list. I used to say "For crying out loud!" all the time. Friends used to pick on my lightly for it because it's such an old fashioned saying (I'm not one who curses out loud, so I have to be creative).
I recently snuck the word "scrumptious" into one of my PB mss.
This post was a favorite of mine. Many wonderful tidbits I will hold onto.
Great post…and idea. Thanks Liz for your words and awesome books!
Thanks for the reminder to keep words alive from generation to generation. Writing down expressions our grandparents used to say is a good way to do that. Picture book ideas could pop up too. A real bonus!
Thanks. I'll loafe a bit then schlep off to the grocery store today!
Thanks for rekindling my love of new and interesting words! I've gone back to my ideas list and inserted possible word choices for a few of them! My mother has all kinds of interesting turns of phrase that I could use!
Thanks Liz, for reminding us to enjoy loafing and collect rarely used words/phrases. I told someone at work the other day, "Don't take any wooden nickels!" (came right out of my grandmother's mouth) and my young co-worker thought it was hilarious!
Did loafe too, and had a nice time while not doing so. Best of being…today, to all my creative friends.
What's funny is that my children don't say L-O-L, they say "lol" (pronounced loll)… which is a bit like loafing too, don't you think?
Wonderful advice on both points!
You make an excellent point. My kids constantly surprise me when they don't understand long-unused words that slip automatically from my lips from time to time. We live in Switzerland and only speak English at home, so there are a LOT of surprise words for them! I try to make sure that I expose them to the rich, buttery ones as much as possible!
I try to tell my husband this all the time! Relaxation is allowed sometimes!
I'm ready to loafe about wearing loafers while nibbling a slice from a loaf!
I could definitely use some more loafing…right after I make my list of words, of course.
It took me a long time to realize that loafing really is good for one's writing. I never feel guilty anymore about loafing! Thanks for the reminder and for a super post!
Liz told me to loafe. That's my mantra and I'm sticking to it. Thanks for adoring words. A single word can be a catalyst. Dumbing down does nothing for he young child's enchantment of words. The classroom banter you shared is full of energy over a single word. Pretty captivating to me. I'm guessing the fifth graders own that word now. Some words are just fun to say. My mother's word that we all still ascribe to her is 'persnickety'. It's just the best word in the world. Mom would say, 'Don't get persnickety with me!' Any siblings within earshot were glad it wasn't them. That was how mom kept her seven offspring in line. Thanks for reminding me of the power of words. I LOVE All the World. It's such a gift you and Marla Frazee have given to all of us.
Love, love, love this post! Now I'm off to start my word list. Thank you!
Off to bandy some words about–love the invitation to loafe, Liz!
Fabulous idea(s)! Thanks so much Liz!
Liz…you made me realize that I did not even know how to spell the word LOAFE ! haha….Thanks for giving me permission to do such a random act of kindness for myself! ….Great Blog!
Pairing Liz's thoughts with the brilliant book: The Right Word: Roget and His Thesaurus by Jen Bryant and Melissa Sweet.
What an excellent, succinct post! I get most of my ideas while walking or gardening and I agree that words are special — my next walk will be a chance to loaf with old, favorite words. Thanks! | [
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"Picture books aren't designed to dumb down; they're meant to open up and out." This is the best description of picture books I've come across in a long while. Thanks for the reminders!
Thank you for a great post! I'll start my word list after I loafe.
What a wonderful post. I can't wait to read your latest book.
Thank you for this great post, Liz! I agree that some of the best ideas come when we allow ourselves to loafe about and just be in the moment. I also really love your word list idea!
How about lollygag or vamoose, habidashery, skedaddle, scrimp? Words are amazing tools.
Thanks for this great reminder to keep learning, Liz!
"…a bunch of OMGs and LOLs on judgment day". Nice. Thanks for the post. The first phrase that popped into (or out of) my head was a cousin of loafe: "fritter away".
I'm ready for a good loafe! Thank you!
Great post! I'm going to start a word list! And loved your book All the World!
Today I shall loafe around. . .
Liz, I plan to loafe a lot on Thursday. The loafing should commence around 2:30.
Starting a word list now! Thanks for the inspiration!
I definitely need a little more loafing in my life! Thanks for the reminder, Liz.
Great post! Great reminder, Liz!
Thank you, Liz, for a dilly off a post!
Sometimes I doth loafe too much! Ideas proliferate, but then if I am still loafing … I forget my ideas! Will get going on that list! I do love fun words!
My muse loves to loafe, take baths and walk in the woods. I let her.
She does not like deadlines and fights with my inner critic all the time. Sibs, what can you do?
I am often guilty of being a human doing, instead of a human being, but I do fit in some loafing too. Lots of good advice here. Thanks.
Poetry is an important type of writing to share with children. Your pie book is very timely. I mixed up two pie crusts this morning for Thanksgiving. Tomorrow I will roll them out, fill, and bake them.
Loafe is actually a word my kids heard a lot since I used it almost daily when they were teens. But I had never seen it in print, I always thought it was spelled 'loaf' like a loaf of bread. I seriously equated it with the time a loaf of homemade bread was left alone to rise before you baked it!
My belief is that you can sneak in a lot of unusual words. Children are new to language, so they're more likely to accept a new and odd-sounding word in the middle of more familiar words, unlike adults, who get all hung up on the exact meaning and pronunciation.
Thanks Liz. As an illustrator, I usually start with images, and use that as the starting point for the story. I like your idea to make a list of unusual words too.
Great idea. There are some fantastic words hiding out there.
Thanks for the loafing advice – can't wait to read "The Good-Pie Party"!
I'm loafing right now! I agree completely with using words that a kid might have to go look up. Builds character. Thanks for the post.
Really love the word list idea.
Ah, the beauty of language certainly begs to be taught and appreciated more these days, doesn't it?
I am starting my word list today! This is such a great idea! Thanks for the inspiration.
Actually, my sister and I started a list of the quirky phrases my parents and family used to say to us.. I love the unique and wonderful words!
Thanks for this assignment! Great post.
Loafe is a great word! I'm a firm believer in sneaking in words that might be above a kids' level, but can be explained by an adult. Once I used the word hearth and my friend didn't know what it meant. After I explained it he said that must be a Northern thing because people don't use fireplaces as much in Texas. My response, "no, it's because you don't read!" We never actually called | [
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it a hearth but I know what it means.
I love "old" or unfamiliar words! I get a kick out of kid's reactions to old lingo and phrases too. I told my 8 year old to "pop a squat" the other day when I needed her to take a seat…and the look on her face was priceless, as was the insane giggling that followed.
One of my favorite (and sometimes most challenging) things about writing picture books is picking the right and fun words. Great post! Thanks.
Love this post! I agree, we need to slow down and *think* for the ideas to come. Also love the idea of making a list of words.
Oooo… time for a day of loafing about.
Liz, loved the post. You have such a melodic way with words with such great gems of wisdom! Thanks.
When my first daughter was born, a New Zealand friend sent us a Hairy Maclary picture book by Lynley Dodd containing the word "cacophony." We all loved the story, and my now-school-age daughters use the word cacophony in context. Hooray for not shying away from interesting words!
I agree. Kids love to learn new wonderful words when it is couched in a great story. Too many big words can seem too educational and overwhelming. Thank you.
You're so right about the great words that are not used anymore and are disappearing from children's vocabularies. I loathe the very idea! Now I think I will loafe awhile and see what wonderful ideas pop into my head.
Amen to rich language! Thank you for an inspiring post, Liz!
Yea, I love loafing. Now I can really justify it. Thanks for the post!
I love the idea of sneaking an uncommon word into a story to keep it alive. Thank you for sharing.
Thanks for the reminder about those forgotten words. Now I just need to find the time to loafe!
I'm beholden to you, Liz! That's a word from my past–love the quote about human beings. I'm off to scavenge my memories. It's good to esteem our rich vernacular every now and then.
Love this post. I try to add fun sounding words and odd words, as well as colloquialisms. I like "chortle".
I like the idea of collecting "old" words. Very inspiring! Thank you!
Oooh, I love words. New words, old words, short words, long words. Fun post. My dad used to say, "How's your copperosity juvenating?" Don't know how to spell that first word. But, it does bring back memories. (I just looked it up–physical vigor; apple-cheeked good health.) Ya learn something every day.
OH, yes, what a grew idea to find fun rather archaic words to share with kids. And I am happy to have permission to loafe…just like that 5th grader, my mom wouldn't let me loafe an dI feel guilty when I do it now.
I'm inspired to breathe new life into some old words that have gone by the wayside! Thanks for your post. Happy loafing!
Wow. Permission to loafe?! You just made my day!
Thanks for giving us permission to loaf about…my children don't seem to have a problem with that concept, so why should I?!
I have to remember to think while I loafe. Thanks for the reminder.
Thanks for the reminders of words (and people) gone by that may inspire.
I love words, and love finding just the right word, even if it's a bit of a "stretch" for kids. Thanks for the fun post.
Thanks, Liz. I love the idea of bringing some of those old, rich words back to life.
Thanks for the great post, Liz! I had this idea in the back of my mind, but you gave it form.
This list idea is definitely going on my list!
To open the page this morning and see a good friend smiling at me, offering words of inspiration and kindness . . . what could be better? I use the word "loafe" in conversation still, but didn't realize it had an E on the end of it until now, so the post taught me something new about spelling, in addition | [
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to providing me with a couple of lovely quotes for my commonplace book.
Thanks for the great ideas. We're always so busy that we often forget that to loafe is also productive. I especially liked your thoughts on not dumbing down picture books. Kids know so much more than we give them credit for, and they're eager to learn. It's wonderful to give them new words and ideas that expand their minds.
Thank you for the wonderful post and the great ideas!
My kids make fun of me for some of the outdated words I use. Hmmm, could it actually be a strength or a story idea?
I'm feeling burned out this morning, so it's the perfect day to be told to loafe around. The PiBoIdMo guest bloggers always seem to offer just what I need.
OMG. LOL. And thanks. Don't mind if I do. Extreme loafing is a sport at which I excel. Excel – a word I love. Pineapple – another word I love. Not as much of an eye-opener, but pineapple – it's just fun to say. Plus delicious.
Thanks for the tip, Liz. You write such beautiful picture books!
I want to be a don't-er!
Love to see words like this in kids books. Thanks for the post!
I wish picture books had MORE WORDS like this…I miss the books of my youth that seemed to be full of delicious words…my favorite books still (and my son's) are those books…Winnie the Pooh – the classic stories- for one example. They are sooooo….well, better than pie!
Thanks for the reminder, Liz. Sometimes I think some words are beyond children so I try not to use them or find synonyms for them.
Of course I love the call to action…er, inaction, but it's mostly your thoughts about keeping lovely words alive and not dumbing down stories in pictures books that resonates. Makes me feel good about using words like "whatsoever" and "flair" and "surefire" and "grapple" in my stories. Also, I recently wrote a pie-themed story and therefore very much want to read yours (plus, I loved All the World so so so so much). Thanks, Liz!
Great advice. Thank you for the post.
Thanks for the encouragement to loafe! As a former teacher, I totally agree with adding words that seem to be disappearing from daily speech to books and our conversations. I distinctly remember the times I had to define words commonly used by my parents to my high school students. Let's help keep language varied and interesting. Thanks for a thought provoking post.
I agree loafing is crucial to creativity. And hail to wonderful words!
How awesome that you got Kady M. Denton as your illustrator. Her art complements your text wonderfully. Congratulations to you both.
It's always fun to try out new words. Planning to loafe over the long weekend. Great post, thanks!
Thanks Liz for this shoo-in of a post! I am so happy that it is okay for me to be a loafer. This is a great fit my style. Taking time to play with words is awesome. And fun words fit all sizes. What bliss when a unique word fits.
Great assignment for the day 🙂 Great reminder to slow down during a busy, busy, busy holiday season!
Kids love to use different words, trying them out, rolling them off the tongue. Thanks for the post.
Loafing does have it's benefits! Thanks for sharing on mulling the idea that creativity springs from it. Thanks Liz for sharing a great post.
Smelling the roses right now 🙂 words and relaxation – what a great combination -Thanks for the post!
Love this! Some words are just so special and amazing—it's good to keep them in circulation. 😉 Thanks for sharing.
There is such a difference in the vocabularies of children who are avid readers and those who rarely read. Here's to bringing back the words that say things well.
Now this is one suggestion I think I can guarantee I'll follow up on. I am never loathe to loafe. Thanks!
Tis a poverty to loathe loafing! Thanks for the reminder. I plead guilty!
The brevity of picture books challenges us to find the best word | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.731643 | -1.948629 | -1.160994 | 0.405773 |
, the only word, every single time. I love that. Thanks for a great post, Liz!
Thanks for your luscious words, Liz!
Great idea to make a list! Thank you!
PB are meant to open up and out! so well said! I love the thought of old words and loafe is perfect! Loafe or to idle away time!
I grew up with that term. It's what the old men did at the country store across the road! You brought back memories for me. What other words are hiding in my brain?
Working on a list right now! Thanks for the post.
I love this. So often we get caught up in working hard, we forget to dream and loafe! Thanks for the reminder.
Thanks for the advice. Good ideas can surface when we are just taking it easy.
I love this! Thanks for the great advice Liz. 🙂 I'm going to try to get some loafing in over Thanksgiving.
Awesome advice, Liz! I have to stop being a human doing all the time and learn to loafe.
For some reason, I have a penchant for s- words. Hmmm, that doesn't sound very good, does it? Let me be more specific – spigot, stroll, spatula, strum, sip. Thanks for reminding me to ponder – and use – all those great words I love!
Just thinking about what my Grandfather used to say was a wonderful way to remember the good things during Thanksgiving time. Thank you!
Nice post. A stroke of inspiration. Maybe I'll loaf about, and see what ideas my mind comes upon, and think some more.
I pray that all the time I loafe (for I loafe all day and night) ends in something productive! Thanks for the great "loafe" reminder. I love Whitman!
We are in the business of words and what they invoke. I love your idea of a word list as a starting point for idea inspiration!
Thanks for your post today and, especially, for your book Happy Birthday Bunny. Our grandson and I read many times after the May conference. In June I began to dream of a different story, while someone else drove. It came out in rhyming couplets.
I love great words. I collect them. Thanks for the reminder to use them more often.
Fabulous reminder that creativity takes unfettered time.
Thank you for your most appropriate post today… a day when I was loafing about,… cooking and getting packages ready… instead of writing. i was feeling a little guilty but felt a lot better after reading your lovely post.
I love me some good pie. Fabulous!
Oh! What a much needed post today! I've been working on one PB idea, and I thought, "what I really need to do to move this story along is to just sit under a big tree with nothing to do." Now I just need to get rid of my three kids and find a big tree (oh the joys of LA apartment living) so I can loafe about. Thank you!!
Thanks for the great post! I'm going to have to schedule some loafing time in!
Thank you for your beautiful picture books and for this poignant (I love this word) reminder to just BE once in a while. In the long run, "being" will pay off in writing a much better story, because it has had time to "stew." Now, for some good pie for dessert!
Another reason why I love to write at the PB level: I would hate to dumb down my vocabulary. I always picture my books (if I ever get anything published) being read to a child by an adult.
Recently (in another context) I used the phrase, "scarcer than hen's teeth" and the person I was communicating with had never heard it. Here's to keeping old words and expressions alive!
Thanks, Liz. You have caused me to remember all kinds of old sayings that my grandmothers used to use. What fun!
I thought my daughter's fifth grade word lists were unusual until this moment. I thought they were too "big" and would not be of great benefit to her at her age. They are not old words, but how great for her to be learning these unique words at an early age. Perhaps I need to study her word lists to see what inspires!
On the thought of old words, commode is one you never hear, unless speaking with someone up in age. Davenport | [
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is another, though not sure how you would fit that into a picture book. 🙂 Will have to sit with my grandfather (93) and see what words he remembers!
That's funny! I say the word "loafe" at least a few times a year, but I have never, ever written it (until now). 🙂 Thanks for the encouragement to loafe and to insert some nearly obsolete words into our writing, Liz!
This is a great idea for an ongoing word list, Liz. And who knows, maybe one will spark an idea!
What a fun exercise! I'll get on it after I loafe around a bit.
Thank you for the great advise and fun words as well as stories.
Thank you so much, what a great idea!
This is an interesting idea. I don't use big words often, but I do tend to mix words up and accidentally come up with new ones.
Fantastic idea. I just wrote a chapter in a writing book for kids that I'm doing where I used this idea. My words were ballyhoo and cockamamie. Haha. Thanks for sharing.
Love the idea of bringing older vocab back into style. Will have to put my thinking cap on and see what I can remember.
I think it's time to loafe around a spell!
I don't need permission to loafe around, I'm pretty much expert at it. But thank you for the reminder, (also: didn't know there was an 'e' at the end of the word!) And thanks—I don't want to have a bunch of OMGs or LOLs on my conscience, either!
I've been a human doing lately and I appreciate the reminder that it's ok to be a human being. Thanks!
Great idea, to start with words. I, personally, love the word loafe. That's a good one. I'm going to go do just that right now.
I constantly need to remind myself to loafe around. I'll definitely try to do more of it! Thanks for the reminder. Also fun to think of words from times past.
Going on a word hunt right now.
Thanks — after reading this I'm feeling better about my loafe-a-thon plans for the holidays!
So enjoyed point 1. Loafe about! Thank you for this post.
I have been reading about the slow movement lately – who would have thought life could accelerate to the point it has? For what? Thanks for reminding us about the rich words our children need to hear.
"Quit loafing about!" is a phrase I remember from my childhood. Glad to think of it in a positive light. Thanks!
Thanks for the reminder that it's the words that make the PB world such a special place. Your post made me think that with the holidays coming it's an especially good time to find a good old-fashioned snicker doodle recipe. MMMMM, how wonderful with a cup of tea and a grandchild on my knee!
One of my favorite places to practice loafing: the mountains. 🙂 Good luck with your new 2015 book releases.!
Love the words! I tell my writing students that the language of a picture book must feel good in the mouth, because they are intended to be read aloud.
"Picture books aren't designed to dumb down; they're meant to open up and out." LOVE this. Thanks!
This post may actually have been better than pie…think I'll go loafe about now and invite my piboidmo idea for today. Thanks, Liz!
i live in the middle of nowhere in the woods on a homestead so i'm good at being. i'm slow with my books but grateful, too. PBs are "meant to open up and out". yes! i love that.
Eluded – that's the word I actually changed on an adult book, because it was old-fashioned. Not going to be afraid of my vocabulary anymore!
Excellent post, full of goodies to consider. Thank you! I think experiencing nature is really important in taking time off to "be". Loafing in nature is the best!
There are those exquisite words that I love to hear, say and use but dare I do so and then be faced with the puzzled looks and "huhs?" Absolutely!
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down "clarion call" after reading a PiBoIdMo post a few days back. I like the idea of making a running list of words and phrases. Thanks for your post!
Just started my list! Looking forward to chatting with my husband and parents to see if they can think of other words that have gone by the wayside.
Thanks for this inspiring post, Liz! Unfortunately, my grandpa pretty much said the same things over and over to me, but I'll definitely brainstorm the unique sayings I remember from my grandma and parents. You never know what will spark an idea!
My golden retriever and i loafe quite a lot! Now I can tell my husband that we are not wasting time!
What great advice. Thanks so much!
Magnificent expressions. Can't wait to find my own.
I'm loafing right now! Much appreciated!
Your post brings back some very fond memories of family words. Thanks for the smiles!
Thank you for the permission to loafe!
Great post! Love the advice to introduce a word that's not used hardly anymore.
The Good-Pie Party- Love that title and appreciate your suggestions! Thank you for your post!
I love finding treasures in words! Thanks for sharing.
I'm going to try and loafe about and continue to be inspired by your words! Wishing you continued success, and a Happy Thanksgiving to all!
The Good Pie Party – one of my favorites! Never thought of making a list of words/phrases from the family- I'll try that next. And as for loafing,…I mastered that long ago.
I love the idea of writing a list of delectable words to use in picture books. I might even play the game of putting lots of those words in a hat, drawing three of them, and then writing something using those words.
YES!!! If I could make that shout louder, I would. YESYESYES!!! To both the use of 'Tier 2' words (always a good thing for a writer to know about, and I absolutely love that quote from Prof. Safi. I will now steal it and post it on Facebook (with attribution). Thank you so much!
To loafe or not to loafe, that is the question. I wish I could give into the urge to loafe more often. I will try it a little later today. 🙂 T.
I'm not sure if some of my dad's colorful words would be appropriate in picture books, but I get the gist!
The Good-Pie Party looks delicious! I looked up "loafe" in the dictionary, and since "guilt" is not part of the definition, I will now resume my loafing guilt free. I recently read Ammi-Joan Paquette's PB Petey and Pru and the Hullabaloo and loved the way it fearlessly incorporates words that we wouldn't normally put into picture books. And my daughter loves it, so I absolutely agree with your point about putting those lovely words into our books.
I am in enthusiastic agreement with you. Creativity does not thrive in the hustle and bustle. It needs space, and quiet calm to breathe and unfurl. It is so hard but so very important to create and protect that space for ourselves.
Thank you, I am off to make a very long list, and reread some "old fashioned" favorite picture books for treasures.
Lots of quotable good advice here! Thanks, Liz!
Words are just so much fun. Thanks for reminding us.
I love words like loafed and lazed and let's go take a nap. They are definitely yeasty. Thanks for the great advise.
What a delightful reminder! Thank you for this post!
Those old words remind me of younger days when the world turned at a slower pace.
Thanks for reminding us to use them.
I will loafe in my loafers!! The ultimate loafe, no?
I could go for a good loaf of banana bread right now. Then, I'll loafe around and eat it!
You've said some great things here, . But this is my favorite: " Picture books aren't designed to dumb down; they're meant to open up and out." And thank you for reminding me to give myself permission to loafe about!
Your timing is Great Liz. With the holidays coming we all need time to loafe. I had fun | [
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teaching new words to the children at the day care where i had worked. They loved using those new words. Thanks for a wonderful post.
Thank you, Liz, for the great idea of a word list. The loafing I can do; now to make it really work for me.
I just added LOAFE to my "to do" list for tomorrow. Thanks!
Love the post, especially about the purpose of picture books. Thanks!
I truly enjoy to Loafe around while eating a full Loaf of bread while loathing writers block. BAM! Thanks for the POWerful words.
Your advice comes at a very good time, a little vacation! I look forward to loafing and listing… Thanks!
Dear Liz: I like using fun words in my picture books. I think loaves that loafe are fun, too.
Great anecdote, AND advice! Thanks, Liz!
Thank you for this post. I am guilty of treating life like a checklist. It seems that I need to be in order to be truly creative.
I agree — creativity cannot be rushed! And I love the idea of using words we don't hear used anymore. Sometimes I let things slip out that my kids have never heard. I"ll try to write these down next time!
Starting that list thanks to you and "loafe," my list starting with a word you have inspired me to remember: "blither" (which you are so totally not doing!). Thanks!
Liz, thank you Loafing is first in order for the morning! Then to the list!
Great Advice. You can't expect yourself to create something like art if you don't fill yourself of with the ingredients first. You can't bake a cake without flour…Well, not a good one anyway.
I love using and writing 'old timey' words. I do it all the time and still speak it on occasion. The language of our ancestors should not be lost, but used!
Amen! As a parent, I dearly love those moment where my children encounter a new, exotic, lyrical word in a picture book. In the context of a beloved story, my kids become curious about the new word. They naturally appreciate the poetry inherent in language because the vocabulary is enfolded in rich stories that they love. So again, amen to including beautiful words in children's literature! Thank you, Liz. And by the way, aren't you a lucky author to have had so many stellar illustrators work on your books.
Wonderful word and wonderful advice. Hoping to get some loafing in soon.
Somehow I think there's a difference between loafe and procrastinate, and I'm good at one, but not the other.
My mama loved when we used 50 cents words! Thanks for the reminder to stretch our writing by being creative with words.
Very apt advice. Thanks so much!
I love hodgepodge and poppycock, but that is certainly not what this post was. Thank you for this wonderful post it was great!
So, so true about not dumbing down when writing for children. Thank you for the confirmation.
I love word lists! Thanks for the reminder to just list.
I love the word list idea. We need for our children to gulp new words and they do!
I will happily work more loafing about into my schedule! Great vocabulary advice, too — I'm on the same page about not dumbing down picture books. Learning new words can be fun and exciting for kids!
You have great book titles! I'll be looking for your books! Thanks for the great post!
You are making me think. There are so many lost, gone words. If we don't use them, we will lose it. Thank you for reminding us about traditional words. Like the others, I am going to make a word list. Thanks for the great reminder.
Thank you so much! This post really resonated with me. I'd love to spice a story up with some lesser known words.
Thanks for the word list! It's wonderful. And I always love a good excuse to chill for a while guilt-free.
I love historical fiction and find joy in words like rejoin, aloft and sassafras. Thanks for the great reminder to loafe and create and expand horizons through our work.
Thank you for showing us how "gnarly" the world is towards is for the little words | [
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] | 1,024 | C4 | 0.737077 | -1.782513 | -0.927875 | 0.661278 |
. It's up to us!
Always a joy to find someone who loves to play with language and books that encourage it.
Ooh I love the idea of loafing. Will do….or will try, I should say. I get guilt-ridden every time I try. Thank you for the great post! Oh, and I love love love the cover art for this book, can't wait to dig in!
I love to loaf around and I love pie.
Thanks, Liz! There are so many fun-sounding words–skedaddle will appear in one of my upcoming books; I also love lollygagging 🙂 I will find a way to sound my barbaric yawp in some picture books.
I was at an intensive for SCBWI in Indiana a few years back. Your insights were invaluable and they still are. I definitely feel a sense of urgency and sometimes it's hard for me to relax. Thanks for the post and all your brilliant work.
"Picture books aren't designed to dumb down; they're meant to open up and out. " This sentence says so much in so few words. Love it!
Thanks, Liz. I agree with you that picture books shouldn't dumb down. Keep adding new and old words.
Great post! Going to make that list of words today!
Never be afraid of putting a "hard" word into your PBs!
Thank you LIz, great post. Rich and specific and onomatopoeic words should be used to expand a child's mind. So important.
language in picture books can be so fun!
Totally loafed your post…and I loafe your books too! Happy Thanksgiving!
Liz, thanks for the thought-provoking post. I shall loafe without guilt, from this day forward.
Thank you for reminding me that we are human beings, not human doings…so very true and so often forgotten. Poetry is a wonderful way to zero in on specific words and appreciate the time to loafe…..
Liz, what a great post! I adore words! Am totally in love with them, have books filled with them (as we all do lol) and books about them (incl. the dictionary and thesaurus). I've used them for inspiration often, so agree with you completely! Of course, I have to slow down in order to pull away from being an incessant "human DOING!" Thank you!
I absolutely love the quote by Professor Omid Safi. I think I need to paint that on our livingroom wall and also across the walls of my first grade classroom. It is so true and really hit home with me today. Your reminder about the importance of rich and unfamiliar vocabulary in PB is also a good reminder. Congrats on your success!
I love your classic #1 and your must-fit-this-word-in-because-it's-awesome #2. Thanks for the great post!
Liz: Such a great post, especially at this time of the year when we are so enmeshed in Doing.
Fantastic post, Liz. I also have an obsession with old words, but have always been a little fearful of using them in practice. Thanks for reminding me that it's okay!
By the way, might I recommend a quick thesaurus search for "nonsense". It'll bring up a goldmine of wonderful, archaic words: "claptrap", "malarkey", and "eyewash", just to name a few!
Thank you for the encouragement to use unusual words. Picture books are a great opportunity to do so since the illustrations can help with context.
Thanks for reminding us the importance of loafing. I haven't heard that word since I was a kid.
Liz, thanks for sharing "… we are human beings, not human doings." It takes time for creativity. Thanks for the reminders.
Thanks for inspiring me to use those words I love but thought too complex for picture books.
As a Type A personality, I often struggle when there is no plan or routine. But I am learning to embrace my loafe. Thank you for the reminders.
I am looking for that magic word right now and the list goes on. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you for this post. Creativity really can't be rushed:) Thank you for the reminder.
I love the quote about human beings! And I agree about not dumbing down things!!! Thank | [
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you!
Great reminder and wonderful advise. Thanks.
What great advice, when we are constantly rushing around. We can't stay busy enough. We do need to sit and let our thoughts catch up with us. I though of an idea, while I was reading. I even jotted down four lines. I may not use it, but I didn't waste the thought. Thanks for the post.
I've learned this month that ideas spring forth on my less hectic days, which coincides with what you are saying.
I'm too good at the unproductive kind of loafing. However, the kicking back, rejuvenating, idea-generating kind is, indeed, a very good thing. Maybe it's time to commit to diligently building my vocabulary, to discovering and rediscovering wonderful words I want to preserve. Thanks so much for the encouragement.
Thank you for this, Liz! I love the challenge of using delicious words and I just found places for 'incredulity' and 'courtier' in my latest chapter. Thank you!
Another helpful and informative post. Thank you!!
Thank you, Liz, for this post. Some people think words that children are unfamiliar with should not be used in picture books, but I've never agreed with that. I believe it is a privilege for us to expand their vocabulary and understanding. Thanks for the encouragement.
Great post! My grandmothers were famous for pondering the world — the weather, the grandkids and the future. iponder!
I love loafing! Thanks for the reminder.
I solemnly promise to pass the baton of engaging and enchanting vocabulary through my work. Thanks for another day of fabulous advice!
Great fun to find flavorful words and create new ones. I am totally inspirationally inspired!
I couldn't agree more! Of course my mind just went blank… . (I cannot conjure up a beautiful word like 'loafe'). My two sons, now in their twenties, have often asked if a word or a phrase is actually 'known' out there because many of their friends look blankly at them when they use an old word outside of today's vernacular. It was just this morning, in fact, that one asked if other people used the term 'trots' as in "… damn, I have the trots!" Not a lovely classic word but certainly a phrase used by Grandma and the rest of our family and cousins and children of cousins and… .Apparently, though, not a term used by all families.
Wonderful post. My daughter and I find ourselves saddened over how many picture books are dumbed down these days. I love this idea of using rich, fun words from the endangered list.
Love the reminder to share good words with kids!
I love this!…"Picture books aren't designed to dumb down; they're meant to open up and out." I trend to pay attention to words that sound magical when spoken. such as: glisten, shimmering, twinkling (sounds like I like bling words!) The word "however" seems to be a popular word these days! Thank you for sharing this wonderful post and your time with us!
Thank you, Liz. I'm actually using a long-forgotten and rarely used phrase in the series I'm working on currently! Woohoo! Thanks for the encouragement. Can't wait to read your work.
Love the word list idea! Great post! Thanks for sharing.
Loved this post, especially the invitation to sneak bigger words into our picture book manuscripts. Thank you, Liz!
My kids recognized the word loafe from an ancient Archie Andrews comic. Go figure.
Happy to be leaning and loafing after the Thanksgiving cooking spree–and thinking about fun words to collect.
I like the idea of remembering old words and phrases that I don't hear anymore. And since I'm seeing my parents over the holiday, this post couldn't have come at a better time! Thank you so much!
I love this…the words we heard our parents and grandparents use! Very cool. And I love to loafe about. A great post. Thank you.
Started my list 🙂 thanks for your ideas!
Must find your pie book, Liz.
"When did we forget that we are human beings, not human doings?" We may know this, | [
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and it may be just a reminder, but it's also so profound! Also, I love the idea of using (almost) out-of-use words in manuscripts or old phrases for idea inspiration. A couple of my PiBoIdMo ideas were inspired by funny/interesting things my grandparents said. And I'm going to treat this post as license to loafe. Thanks, Liz!
I love to collect awesome under-used words! So much fun!
Effectively written post and one in which resonated with me as "words" are the DNA of writing. Complex. Varied. Personal. I feel bad for those who "forget" to loafe about, and more frightening, don't know how.
I love your post. I also think kids should learn vocabulary in Picture books, but everytime I get critics on the "not so common" words. I agree there cannot be dozens of them in a Book but I strongly think that a few dont heart but help.
Oh dear, guess I've been loafing about for a few days. Now that I'm not in loafe mode anymore, I'm making a list of old time and not so common words and phrases!
Thanks to you, all my second graders always know the word 'kin' and even use it themselves. I'm always looking for books that use interesting language so their vocabulary can grow big and strong.
a phrase/word list—great! I'll right now. thanks so much.
That's a great idea to introduce uncommon words into your stories. Thank you for you post!
not only do I want to find some unusual words but now I want to eat pie too!
My mother and I were just talking about a word we don't hear anymore. . ."tumped". It was used exclusively in Arkansas, and apparently was a combination of turn and dump. So as a child I tumped over my milk fairly often. Fun idea about reviving old words!
Fantastic ideas here–thank you for expanding my world. I read The Disease of Being Busy with great interest as well–being feels counter to our current culture, but perhaps if enough of us start shifting away from constantly doing, our kids and our culture can learn new ways.
Yes, children love to learn new words. Especially ones that sound fun.
I love listing favorite words. I already do that on the last page of my notebook. BUT, I never thought to list phrases my grandfather used. What a great idea. Thank you.
This is lovely Liz. Thank you!
I love this: "Picture books aren't designed to dumb down; they're meant to open up and out." Thank you.
Marmalade! That's one of my favorite words. Now to find an idea . . . a little loafing coming up.
Thanks for the permission to loaf. While staring out my front window, it sparked a story idea for me that I immediately had to write down. I guess the best ideas can come around when we don't feel forced to generate them. I LOVE the idea of incorporating a word in a story that children are unfamiliar with. It gets them thinking, builds their vocabulary, introduces them to that other big book called the dictionary, and stimulates their minds that there's always something new we can learn.
great read! There's so many good words out there suffering from neglect.
Great post, Liz! Loved your quote on picture books – definitely tweeted it!
I changed a word of one of my stories because it was a localism and nobody understood. But I love that word, it reminds me of my childhood and birthday parties. I think I will rescue that word again. Thank you.
Thank you for your post. I'm searching for my list of words from my grandmother.
Excited for your 2 forthcoming in 2015. Brava!
I like the idea of mining my personal past for pithy words and phrases lost in time, and passing them on to new generations.
I think the word loaf is just as funny as loafe, that's what's so great about words. I really enjoyed your post!
Funny that I'm reading your post and getting inspiration several days after you wrote it. Mom mentioned something my Grandpa used to say a few hours ago and I've been mulling it over ever since. It's the perfect picture book idea and ties in nicely with keeping | [
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Solomon: Pricey Politics, Cheap Media
American journalism has lost its objectivity, and we need it back.
by Ioana Solomon | 11/10/16 12:17am
In an Oct. 26 interview with Donald Trump, CNN reporter Dana Bash noted the president-elect's large bank account and grilled him on how much money he was willing to spend on advertising in his final two-week sprint towards the White House. Eventually, Trump had to ask Bash to move on to a different question, and in doing so he implied a major — even alarming — flaw in the news and media industry, namely money and what its ramifications are for the journalism that reaches us.
Now, and particularly over the course of this election, money has played too great a role in politics, exposing not just our damaged democracy but also our shallow indifference to truth. Bash's line of questioning, fixated on Trump's checkbook instead of his policy outlook, shows how disoriented the media has become. We have allowed money to considerably influence the media and, by extension, popular opinion, resulting in communication that depends more on our wallets than on our minds.
I was born in Romania, a country with even more rampant political corruption than the 2016 presidential election cycle has implied about America. I expected more from journalism in a country with better resources and greater freedoms, one of which is the coveted freedom of speech. Most of all, I expected more from American citizens who keep getting fed outrageously biased information every single day and never wake up to see the truth.
This bias has been confirmed by legitimate research. A 2015 study by Cornell University and Stanford University used a computer algorithm to analyze bias in news outlets based on selections of quotes from public figures. Instead of subjectively assigning bias to news sources, Cornell computer scientist Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil and his colleagues took a different approach, trying to see if an entirely objective computer could perceive patterns of media bias. They used 2,274 speeches made by President Barack Obama between 2009 and 2014 and analyzed the 275 media outlets that quoted him. After churning through more than 200,000 quotes, the study definitively concluded, "there is systematic bias in the quoting patterns of different types of news sources" that "goes beyond simple newsworthiness and space limitation effects." In other words, news outlets report the news they want to hear.
On a similar note, a report done by the John F. Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center on Media Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University analyzed news coverage from the 2016 primary races and found that mainstream media outlets were guilty of "journalistic bias." Not only did the press provide unequal coverage of Democratic and Republican candidates but they also did it while ignoring factual and substantive content. In its over-coverage of the Trump campaign and under-coverage of Democratic candidates (Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, in particular), the press contributed to the rise of Trump's popularity while paying little attention to the Democratic nomination process. Because much of American journalism has come to overemphasize just getting a "good story" and following the most lucrative path instead of policy issues, it has become void of substance. The report estimates that only 11 percent of coverage focused on candidates' policy positions, leadership abilities or personal and professional histories.
In this election, Sanders and former Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton were overshadowed by the Republican race and news stories about Trump. However, it is important to note that the American mass media has adopted a pervasive and quantifiable leftwing bias since the 1980s.While Trump appeared in news headlines more frequently than did Sanders or Clinton, stories about him were also more likely to be negative than pure journalistic objectivity would generally allow. Admittedly, I have liberal leanings and a visceral reaction to Trump and all that he stands for, but regardless I expect the news to report news, not political advertisements, and the information I receive to be objective and complete — yet, clearly, that is not the case.
Much of this bias, however, is not entirely deliberate. Rather than producing outright, intentionally false content, news reporters manifest their bias through what they choose not to report. The facts or quotes they omit in order to avoid contradicting the political narrative | [
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Home Sun & Moon Eclipses All – 1940–1949
Solar and Lunar Eclipses Worldwide – 1940–1949
Find Solar Eclipses, Lunar Eclipses, and Planetary Transits Worldwide from 1900 to 2199...
1940–1949 Featured Eclipses
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Find all solar and lunar eclipses worldwide. When is the next eclipse in your city?
All EclipsesSolar EclipsesLunar EclipsesTotal Solar EclipsesAnnular Solar EclipsesPartial Solar EclipsesTotal Lunar EclipsesPartial Lunar EclipsesPenumbral Lunar EclipsesPlanet TransitsMercury TransitsVenus Transits AfricaAsiaAntarcticaAtlanticArcticAustraliaEuropeIndian OceanNorth AmericaPacificSouth AmericaWorldwide Next 10 Years1900–19091910–19191920–19291930–19391940–19491950–19591960–19691970–19791980–19891990–19992000–20092010–20192020–20292030–20392040–20492050–20592060–20692070–20792080–20892090–20992100–21092110–21192120–21292130–21392140–21492150–21592160–21692170–21792180–21892190–2199
Eclipses in 1940
Lunar Eclipse (Penumbral)Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Solar Eclipse (Annular)North America, North/West South America, Pacific, Atlantic
Lunar Eclipse (Penumbral)Europe, West in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Solar Eclipse (Total)Much of Africa, South/East North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Lunar Eclipse (Penumbral)North/West Europe, Much of Asia, Much of Australia, North/West Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctica
Transit (Mercury)Much of Asia, Australia, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Lunar Eclipse (Partial)Asia, Australia, North America, Much of South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Solar Eclipse (Annular)South in North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Antarctica
Lunar Eclipse (Partial)Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, West in North America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Solar Eclipse (Total)North/East Europe, Asia, North in Australia, North in Africa, North/West North America, Pacific, Arctic
Lunar Eclipse (Total)Europe, Asia, North/West Australia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic, Antarctica
Solar Eclipse (Partial)Pacific, Antarctica
Solar Eclipse (Partial)Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Lunar Eclipse (Total)Europe, West in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Antarctica
Solar Eclipse (Partial)Europe, West in Asia, North in Africa, North in North America, Atlantic, Arctic
Solar Eclipse (Total)Much of Asia, North/West North America, Pacific
Lunar Eclipse (Partial)Europe, Much of Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Pacific, | [
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] | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | -1.317021 | -0.558702 | 0.19939 | -0.522054 |
Oil price goes negative as demand collapses; stocks dip
by: ELAINE KURTENBACH, Associated Press
Posted: Apr 20, 2020 / 10:26 AM EDT / Updated: Apr 20, 2020 / 10:57 PM EDT
People wearing face masks walk past a bank electronic board showing the Hong Kong share index at Hong Kong Stock Exchange Monday, April 20, 2020. Shares were mixed in Asia on Monday, while oil prices have fallen back. (AP Photo/Vincent Yu)
BANGKOK (AP) — Asian shares skidded on Tuesday after U.S. oil futures plunged below zero as storage for crude runs close to full amid a worldwide glut as demand collapses due to the pandemic.
Shares fell in Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai but New York stock futures edged higher after the S&P 500 sank 1.8% overnight, giving up some big gains from last week.
In a stunning development, the cost to have a barrel of U.S. crude delivered in May plummeted to negative $37.63. It was at roughly $60 at the start of the year.
Traders are still paying more than $20 for a barrel of U.S. oil to be delivered in June, which analysts consider to be closer to the "true" price of oil. Crude to be delivered next month, meanwhile, is running up against a stark problem: traders are running out of places to keep it, as factories, automobiles and airplanes sit idled around the world.
"We could merely be in the eye of the hurricane as the epicenters of its rage remain centered around demand devastation and crude oil oversupply," Stephen Innes of AxiCorp. said in a commentary.
"At a minimum, oil prices will be the last asset class to recover from lockdown. End transport demand will only occur in the final stages of reopening when border crossing is allowed, and travel restrictions get lifted," he said.
Tanks at a key energy hub in Oklahoma could hit their limits within three weeks, according to Chris Midgley, head of analytics at S&P Global Platts. Because of that, traders are willing to pay others to take that oil for delivery in May off their hands, so long as they also take the burden of figuring out where to keep it.
"Almost by definition, crude oil has never fallen more than 100%, which is what happened today," said Dave Ernsberger, global head of pricing and market insight at S&P Global Platts.
"I don't think any of us can really believe what we saw today," he said. "This kind of rewrites the economics of oil trading."
Few traders are buying and selling U.S. oil to be delivered in May. When trading contracts for it expire on Tuesday, the earliest delivery they'll be able to buy is for June.
Brent crude, the international standard, fell nearly 9% on Monday to $25.57 per barrel.
Early Tuesday, U.S. crude for June delivery had gained $1.24 to $21.67 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Brent crude, the standard for international oil pricing, had edged 3 cents higher, to $25.67.
Monday's plunge in oil sent energy stocks in the S&P 500 to a 3.7% loss, the latest in a dismal 2020 that has caused their prices to nearly halve.
Halliburton reported a stronger first quarter profit than expected but said the pandemic has created so much turmoil in the industry that it "cannot reasonably estimate" how long the hit to demand will last.
The S&P 500 fell 51.40 points to 2,823.16. The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 2.4% to 23,650.44, and the Nasdaq dropped 1%, to 8,560.73.
Gains from companies that are winners in the new stay-at-home economy helped limit the market's losses. Netflix jumped | [
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What to Know About Homeschooling Your Child
More in School
Back to School: Your Healthy Kid Toolkit
At Home and Afterschool
Homeschooling Guide
Planning a Schedule
Best Homeschool Programs
Socialization Tips
Wendy Wisner
Wendy Wisner is a lactation consultant and writer covering maternal/child health, parenting, general health and wellness, and mental health.
Catherine Ledner / Getty Images
Why Parents Homeschool
Homeschooling Environment
Other Things to Consider
Next in Homeschooling Guide
Is Homeschooling Right for Your Family?
There are so many reasons why families become interested in homeschooling their children, and these days the choice has become much more mainstream and accepted. You may be interested in homeschooling starting from preschool or kindergarten, or it may be something you are considering for your older child. You may want to try homeschooling for a year or so, or long term.
While there are a lot of factors to weigh as you consider the option of homeschooling, the good news is that now, more than ever, there are many resources out there to help you. Let's take a look at why families choose to homeschool, what the homeschooling environment really looks like, and what your options are in terms of style and instruction.
It wasn't until the early 1900s that the majority of students attended formal school. Before that, most children were schooled at home by their parents. So, in many ways, homeschooling is a time-honored tradition.
In the 1970s, the homeschooling movement began to pick up steam. This growth has progressed exponentially, especially in the past 20 years.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), by 1999, 850,000 students were homeschooled nationwide. By 2016, that number skyrocketed to nearly 1.7 million, which means that in just 17 years, the percentage of homeschool kids nearly doubled—from 1.7% to 3.3%.
Homeschool Statistics
As the NCES defines it, a child is considered homeschooled if three criteria are met:
Their parents reported them homeschooled rather than schooled at a public or private school
They were not enrolled in public or private school more than 25 hours a week
Their homeschooling was not due to temporary illness
As of 2016, 3.3% of children ages 5 to 17 met that criteria. Here are some other interesting statistics about the homeschooled population in America, according to data from the NCES.
The majority of homeschooled kids are either White (3.8%) or Hispanic (3.5%).
Black and Asian students make up 1.9% and 1.4% of the homeschooled population, respectively.
More upper-grade students are homeschooled than younger students; 3.8% of homeschoolers are in grades 9-12, as opposed to 2.4% who are first and third graders.
Families in rural areas (4.4%) are more likely to homeschool than those in cities (3%) or suburban areas (2.9%).
Families that live in the South (3.9%) and Western U.S. (3.7%) were more likely to homeschool than families in the Northeast (1.8%).
Families are more likely to homeschool if one (7.2%) or neither (4%) of the parents work; families where both parents work (1.7%) are less likely to homeschool.
Parents who are poor (3.9%) or near poor (4.7%) are more likely to homeschool than parents who are not poor (2.6%).
Interestingly, there are no measurable statistical differences for homeschooled kids based on their parents' education levels.
How to Talk to Kids About Race and Cultural Diversity
Why Parents Choose Homeschooling
In the past, some may have viewed homeschool as a choice made by families because of religious convictions. But that is changing. According to the latest NCES report, the reasons parents give for choosing homeschool are much more diverse.
34% of parents who choose homeschooling did so because of "concerns about school environment," including issues like | [
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school safety, drug use, and peer pressure.
17% of parents cited unhappiness with instruction at their child's school.
16% choose homeschooling because they wanted to provide religious education to their kids.
What Homeschooling Looks Like
If you were to compare the day-to-day lives of any two homeschool families, you might find vastly different approaches, set-ups, and homeschooling philosophies. That's because there are so many ways to approach homeschooling.
This flexibility is what appeals to so many families. Homeschooling can be a very structured thing, or it can be so loosely structured you might wonder if it's "school" at all.
Families who choose to engage in traditional homeschooling often create specific learning environments in their home. Here is an overview of what the traditional homeschool environment may look like.
Some families set up their classrooms in very traditional manners, with desks, white boards, and strict schedules.
They adopt structured curriculums, have set assignments, and test their children. They may even keep an attendance book.
Families may adopt curriculums based on traditional methods or they may opt for less traditional teaching methods.
Popular homeschool curriculums include Waldorf homeschooling, Montessori homeschooling, eclectic homeschooling, homeschooling based on unit studies, and Charlotte Mason homeschooling.
What To Know About Waldorf Schools
Learning Outside the Home
Many modern homeschool families will combine at-home education with other experiences. Here are some other common characteristics of homeschoolers that are educated outside of the home.
Many children attend classes outside the home, sometimes with other homeschooled kids.
Homeschooled families often form "homeschool co-ops" where they put together small group classes for their children, sometimes with outside instructors. Classes may be taught by parents in the co-ops as well.
Online education has become popular among homeschooling families; many parents choose this option to fill in the curriculum gaps in terms of what they are able to provide for their children.
As homeschooled children get older, they may take college courses or enroll part-time at a community college.
The 7 Best Online Homeschool Programs of 2021
Unschooling is an educational philosophy popularized by teacher and author John Holt. Some homeschool families shun formal education completely and adopt the principles of "unschooling."
Unschooling families believe that kids are naturally inquisitive and that just by engaging with their environment—digging outside in the dirt, visiting their public library, baking, and doing chores—they will be able to self-direct their learning and receive all the education they need.
Although parents are not completely hands-off or unstructured when they unschool, they do allow their children to guide the curriculum based on their interests. They also allow their child's level of engagement to determine the pace of the instruction.
What to Know About Unschooling
What About Socialization?
The question of socialization is one faced by many homeschooling families. Opponents of homeschooling argue that formal education is the best way to socialize a child.
They also worry that homeschooled children miss out on opportunities for learning social cues as well as how to behave in organized social situations. They argue that homeschooled kids may end up interacting with fewer diverse populations than traditionally schooled kids.
All homeschoolers are different, but many parents make an extra effort to engage their children with other kids.
In fact, many parents will place their children in group instructional settings so they can socialize with others. And, while their children may not spend hours on end in a classroom with peers of the same age group, they often interact with a larger spectrum of school-aged children, which also has benefits. Homeschool families also argue that their children form more meaningful relationships with other adults as well.
Legalities of Homeschooling
If you are considering homeschooling your child, you are probably wondering about the regulations and guidelines for doing so. Even though homeschooling is legal in all 50 states, every state has different requirements for homeschoolers.
For this reason, it's best to familiarize yourself with your state's guidelines before committing to homeschooling. After all, some states are more homeschooling-friendly than | [
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others.
For instance, some states require you to perform some kind of academic assessment on your homeschooled child. And other states require you to teach specific subjects or for a certain number of hours a day.
Meanwhile, some states have strict attendance requirements, and may require parents or other homeschool instructors to have specific education backgrounds, such as high school diplomas. And, if your child currently attends a public or private school, your state may require you to notify your local school district that you are going to homeschool.
Additionally, some states will allow your child to continue to participate in extracurricular activities while homeschooling. Some will even allow your child to attend public school part-time.
To find out what your state will allow and what it won't, make sure you check out the state summaries offered by the Homeschool Legal Defense Association (HSLDA).
The decision to homeschool your child will be based on many factors. For instance, you should consider your personal education beliefs, your child's experiences at school, your child's personality, and your availability to provide appropriate instruction for your child.
But if you are concerned about how homeschooling compares to traditional school environments, you can rest assure that there is not much of a difference between homeschooled and traditionally schooled kids—even in terms of college acceptance. In fact, some colleges even seek out homeschooled children for attendance.
Research also shows that homeschooled children were more likely to graduate from college than their non-homeschooled counterparts. Still, there are some pitfalls to homeschooling that need to be considered as well. Here's a brief overview of the pros and cons of homeschooling.
Fare as well academically as traditional students
Perform as well or better on standardized tests
Receive an individualized education
Work at their own pace
Bond and connect with parents
Learn autonomy and independence
Remove risks of bullying and peer pressure
Able to meet student's individual needs
Requires high levels of parental involvement and commitment
Demands the ability to be organized and creative
Stretches parents to teach subjects they may not be comfortable with
Requires parents to be engaged with their kids for long periods
Consumes large amounts of the parents' time and energy
Subjects parents to regular criticisms
Pros of Homeschooling
Most studies find that homeschoolers fare as well academically as more traditionally educated students.
Homeschoolers also perform well on standardized tests when they take them, and studies have even found homeschoolers outperforming their non-homeschooled peers.
Your child will get an individualized education and will be able to work at their own pace.
If your child has a learning disability, special needs, or medical needs, they may be able to get the specific attention they need and not feel ostracized for their difference.
You will get many opportunities to bond and connect with your child.
Homeschooling may work best for your lifestyle if you work odd hours, move around a lot, live on the road, or live a less traditional lifestyle.
Homeschooling may be a good choice for you if you have doubts about traditional school curriculum, standardized tests, or are concerned about social pressures and bullying.
Cons of Homeschooling
Homeschooling requires high levels of involvement from parents, which may not be possible if a parent needs to maintain a career or bring in income outside of their home.
Homeschooling requires planning, organization, and ingenuity, which may not be a parent's strong suit.
Some parents feel they need more breaks from their children and don't feel equipped to manage their children with the intensity usually required of homeschoolers.
If you don't have a tight-knit homeschooling community in your area, it might be difficult to find opportunities for socialization with other homeschoolers.
You might find it challenging to deal with critique and judgment from others regarding your choice to homeschool.
How to Respond When People Criticize Your Parenting
Remember that homeschooling has to work for your life, as well, because it requires a very high level of parent involvement and availability. Don't beat yourself up if traditional homeschooling isn't possible for your life right now. There are a number of online homeschool opportunities available, as well as alternative schooling options and half-day options.
You need to be sure this | [
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educational approach is right for your family. If it doesn't feel right, or if you don't think your stress level can handle yet another responsibility, don't do it.
The best advice for any parent interested in homeschooling is to talk with other parents in your area who are already doing it. You may be able to find these parents in online groups or by word of mouth.
Ask them to describe a typical day as a homeschooling parent. Find out what resources are available in your area and meet these parents if possible and get to know them. You know your child best, and it's likely that if you are invested in making homeschooling work, your child will thrive and grow.
Gifted and Special Needs Children
Homeschooling can be a real asset if you have a gifted or special needs child. Not only will your child receive individual attention and an individualized education plan (IEP) based on their needs, but they also can set the pace.
So, if they need less time to delve into a subject, they can accelerate through it. Or, they can go deeper into topics of interest to them. Meanwhile, when they need more time, or if they need their lessons delivered in a specific way, you can accommodate that too.
Homeschooling also means you don't have to deal with all the red tape of getting your child special services. But, it also means you might not have access to many of the specialists who are available in a public or private school setting. Consequently, this can be a real disadvantage if you don't have the financial means to hire outside specialists to manage your child's needs.
Overall, you need to consider all aspects of your child's needs and abilities before committing to homeschooling. With all the information in front of you, the best approach for your child's education will likely be clear.
Just know that homeschooling is not a lifelong commitment. Some families choose to homeschool for a season depending on what is happening in their lives and then explore other options as their circumstances change.
Should I Homeschool My Gifted Child?
The decision whether or not to homeschool your child may feel like a weighty one. You may feel like you are getting different messages from everyone around you about whether this is the best choice for your family. As a result, it can be hard to filter out the helpful advice from the more disparaging remarks.
It's best to go with your gut on this one. Take what is helpful, and leave the rest behind. You should know, too, that whether to homeschool or not isn't necessarily a one-time decision.
Many families choose homeschooling for their kids when they are young, for example, and then enroll them in school once middle school or high school comes around. Kids are more resilient and flexible than you might think. So, making a year-by-year homeschooling decision may work just fine for you.
How to Start Homeschooling Your Child
Get diet and wellness tips to help your kids stay healthy and happy.
Verywell Family uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Parent and Family Involvement in Education: Results from the National Household Education Surveys Program of 2016. Published September 2017.
Ray B. A review of research on homeschooling and what might educators learn. Pro-Posições. 2017;28(2):85-103. doi:10.1590/1980-6248-2016-0009
Coalition for Responsible Home Education (CRHE). A Brief History of Homeschooling.
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Homeschooling in the United States: 1999.
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). School Choice in the United States: 2019.
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Homeschooling in the United States: 2012. April 2017.
Homeschool Legal Defense Association (HSLDA). What's My Educational Approach or Homeschool Style. Published November 21, 2019.
The Nemours Foundation. Homeschooling. KidsHe | [
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In John 6 Jesus said something very interesting.
I want to focus on a couple of things in these verses. The first, it is the Holy Spirit who breathes life into the scriptures that we read. We need to depend on Him not our intellect and understanding. Jesus views them as flesh. The second is that we have the capacity to choose to believe.
With this as a foundation I want to look at another passage.
There is a lot in these three verses. Key is that all the wisdom and knowledge we need are contained in the Father and in Jesus. So how do we access this wisdom and knowledge? Paul, like Jesus, tells us it is by the Spirit.
In the two verses above Paul's echoes what Jesus taught in John 6. The deep things of God are revealed to us by the Spirit, not by our own understanding or reasoning. That is not to say we don't use our understanding and reason, we just need to learn how to submit them to the Holy Spirit. Have you ever had the experience of reading a verse many times on many occasions, then one day you see and it comes alive? That is what Paul is referring to.
In recent years Identity Theft has been a growing concern in western society. Yet if we look at church history Identity Theft has long been a major issue with significant impacts. Paul addressed this in Colossians 2.
Paul's point here and many other places is that as Christians our identity should be found in Jesus. Anytime our identity is found in something other than Jesus we know we are to some extent missing the mark. We know we truly understand our completeness in Him when it leads to humility and understanding we are complete in Him not because we are worthy but because He is faithful and glorious.
What are the implications of seeing ourselves complete in Him? What is the power of this one sentence? Think about it. If we are complete in Him then our identity and sense of status is not in our position, our intellect, our physical features, our income, our marital status, our social status, or our possessions. I could go on but my point is that great transformation that can come in our lives simply from reflecting on two short verses of scripture.
What do these verses tell us? The whole of the Godhead, Father, Son and Spirit are embodied in Jesus. If we want to understand the Father, He is revealed in Jesus. If we want to understand the Spirit, He is revealed in Jesus. If we want to understand what His goal is for our lives, it is revealed in Jesus.
What else to do know from these two verses? As the Head of all principalities and powers Jesus has authority over all the power of the enemy that seeks to undermine and destroy our lives. As we rest in our identity in Him we know that final victory is assured. So, take some time and rest in this small portion of His word and it will lead to encountering His presence and a right identity.
The writers who share their Throne Room experiences with us, even though inspired by the Holy Spirit, do not present a picture that is easy to understand. While the Holy Spirit wants us to know something of this experience, at the same time language cannot do the experiences justice. It is said that 'a picture is worth a thousand words.' Yet Jesus is the Word and the primary method He has chosen to communicate with us is via the written word. However, this word only truly releases life when breathed upon by the Holy Spirit. At the same time that He has given us His word He has also communicated the experiences of others and described heavenly eternal realities because He wants us to know about them. The pictures below illustrate the challenge of people conveying what they think Ezekiel saw, the wheel within a wheel, or Daniel's vision of the Ancient of Days.
While I like the pictures I know they are not accurate. At the same time both convey something of the majesty and awe of this eternal realm – the eternal fire issuing forth from the Godhead is captured as well as eternal motion (the wheel) which is reminiscent of gyroscope and may be what the writers were trying to describe. While they focused on different aspects of the throne room, if we read Daniel's account below we see that Daniel saw what Ezekiel saw, who saw what Isaiah had seen and in Revelation John looked into the same scene.
Daniel saw this fiery being seated on a throne among thrones. In our modern church age we have many who claim experiences of heaven. While that is not the norm for Christians it doesn't fall outside the scope of scripture. I have serious questions in listening to some experiences, yet others carry the ring of truth. For me one was an experience I | [
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8760,
29889,
1152,
592,
697,
471,
385,
7271,
306
] | 1,024 | C4 | 1.231582 | 0.543118 | -0.380046 | 1.243121 |