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Untreated ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament. A follow-up study.

Fifty patients (fifty-three knees) with surgically verified ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament were evaluated at an average of ten years after injury. There was a high incidence of anterior laxity, rotatory instability, and meniscal tears at follow-up. The roentgenographic incidence of osteoarthritis at follow-up was low. Patients who had regained normal thigh circumference had better results than those with thigh atrophy. Although few of the patients felt that the knee was completely normal, 72 per cent of the patients returned to strenuous sports and 47 per cent felt that they had no restrictions because of the knee. This study of untreated ruptures may provide a baseline for evaluation of procedures to repair or reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Atrophy', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Knee Injuries', 'Knee Joint', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Rupture', 'Sports', 'Thigh']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C26.115'], ['C23.300.070'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['C26.558.554'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C26.761'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['A01.378.610.750']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Antimicrobial activity of human á-defensin 5 and its linear analogs: N-terminal fatty acylation results in enhanced antimicrobial activity of the linear analogs.

Human á-defensin 5 (HD5) exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and plays an important role in mucosal immunity of the small intestine. Although there have been several studies, the structural requirements for activity and mechanism of bacterial killing is yet to be established unequivocally. In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of HD5 and linear analogs. Cysteine deletions attenuated the antibacterial activity considerably. Candidacidal activity was affected to a lesser extent. Fatty acid conjugated linear analogs showed antimicrobial activity comparable activity to HD5. Effective surface charge neutralization of bacteria was observed for HD5 as compared to the non-fatty acylated linear analogs. Our results show that HD5 and non-fatty acylated linear analogs enter the bacterial cytoplasm without causing damage to the bacterial inner membrane. Although fatty acylated peptides exhibited antimicrobial activity comparable to HD5, their mechanism of action involved permeabilization of the Escherichia coli inner membrane. HD5 and analogs had the ability to bind plasmid DNA. HD5 had greater binding affinity to plasmid DNA as compared to the analogs. The three dimensional structure of HD5 favors greater interaction with the bacterial cell surface and also with DNA. Antibacterial activity of HD5 involves entry into bacterial cytoplasm and binding to DNA which would result in shut down of the bacterial metabolism leading to cell death. We show how a moderately active linear peptide derived from the á-defensin HD5 can be engineered to enhance antimicrobial activity almost comparable to the native peptide.

['Acylation', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'alpha-Defensins']

[['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D12.644.050.200.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054.200.050']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Strains of Group B streptococci from septic patients induce platelet activation via Toll-like Receptor 2.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes life-threatening bacterial sepsis, especially in newborns and pregnant women. Patients suffering from sepsis often display low platelet counts, characterized by thrombocytopenia, because of platelet activation. In the present study, the roles of six GBS strains from septic patients in platelet aggregation, as well as the underlying mechanisms, were investigated. Incubation of platelets with three of the strains induced platelet aggregation, increased the secretion of cellular adhesin molecule CD62P and activation of GPIIb/IIIa. Furthermore, the GBS strains that induced platelet activation also caused an increase in the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in platelets. Pre-incubation of platelets with anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody, but not anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody, inhibited these functional responses induced by GBS. TLR2 stimulation also activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt signalling pathway in platelets, and inhibition of PI3-K significantly reduced GBS-induced platelet responses. Our results indicate that three of the GBS strains from the septic patients can trigger platelet activation by interacting with platelets, which involves the elevation of platelet TLR2 expression.

['Blood Platelets', 'Blotting, Western', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Platelet Activation', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sepsis', 'Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2']

[['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.188.390.600'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100'], ['C15.378.140.855'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Regional anesthesia for carotid surgery: less intraoperative hypotension and vasopressor requirement.

Regional anesthesia (RA) is the gold standard of neuromonitoring during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Recent data show that RA for CEA is associated with fewer postoperative complications. The aim of the present study was to assess hemodynamic stability and vasoactive drug use for CEA performed under RA versus general anesthesia (GA). All patients undergoing CEA from January 2005 to January 2006 were identified from our prospective database. Electronic and paper charts were reviewed. Intraoperative monitoring data were reviewed retrospectively. Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) <100 mm Hg and deemed prolonged if it lasted more than 10 min. Hypertension was defined as SBP >160 mm Hg. BP variation was defined as the difference between the highest and lowest SBP, and bradycardia as heart rate (HR) below 60. The data were expressed as means +/- standard deviation. Seventy-two consecutive patients underwent CEA: 25 under RA and 47 under GA. There was no difference in preoperative HR and BP. Most patients had symptomatic severe carotid stenosis (80% in RA vs. 85% in GA, nonsignificant). Intraoperatively, RA was associated with less BP variation (60 +/- 27 vs. 78 +/- 22 mm Hg, p = 0.005), bradycardia (5% vs. 63%, p < 0.001), hypotension (20% vs. 70%, p < 0.01), and prolonged hypotension (0% vs. 23%, p = 0.009) and more hypertension (80% vs. 47%, p = 0.007). Vasopressor requirements were less frequent under RA (20% vs. 77%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in hypotension or hypertension episodes seen in the postoperative recovery room. RA was associated with less hypotension and less vasopressor used during CEA compared to GA. The improved hemodynamic stability may account for the lower incidence of complications after CEA.

['Aged', 'Anesthesia, Conduction', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Blood Pressure', 'Bradycardia', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Endarterectomy, Carotid', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155.086'], ['E03.155.197'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.360', 'C14.907.137.230', 'C14.907.253.123.360'], ['E04.100.814.456.250'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.514'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Proteins from metaphase chromosomes treated with fluorochromes.

The biochemical composition of any isolated organelle is affected by the agent(s) to which it has been exposed during the isolation and purification procedures. Many agents are known to extract molecular components either selectively or nonselectively. The protein composition of isolated chromosomes exposed to fluorochromes must be examined before proceeding to the biochemical analysis of the proteins from individual chromosomes purified by flow cytometry techniques. We have examined the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles from from metaphase chromosome exposed to the fluorochromes and staining conditions commonly used for flow cytometry. We find that the electropherograms of the protein of metaphase chromosomes which have been exposed to various fluorochromes are indistinguishable from controls. The analysis of proteins from individual chromosomes sorted by flow cytometry can now be undertaken.

['Animals', 'Bisbenzimidazole', 'Chromomycin A3', 'Chromosomes', 'Cricetinae', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Ethidium', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Metaphase', 'Ovary', 'Plicamycin', 'Propidium', 'Proteins']

[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.103.145'], ['D09.408.210.209'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D03.633.300.633.416'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.650', 'D04.615.562.050.650', 'D09.408.051.059.650'], ['D03.633.300.633.700'], ['D12.776']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Mechanosensitive Junction Remodeling Promotes Robust Epithelial Morphogenesis.

Morphogenesis of epithelial tissues requires tight spatiotemporal coordination of cell shape changes. In vivo, many tissue-scale shape changes are driven by pulsatile contractions of intercellular junctions, which are rectified to produce irreversible deformations. The functional role of this pulsatory ratchet and its mechanistic basis remain unknown. Here we combine theory and biophysical experiments to show that mechanosensitive tension remodeling of epithelial cell junctions promotes robust epithelial shape changes via ratcheting. Using optogenetic control of actomyosin contractility, we find that epithelial junctions show elastic behavior under low contractile stress, returning to their original lengths after contraction, but undergo irreversible deformation under higher magnitudes of contractile stress. Existing vertex-based models for the epithelium are unable to capture these results, with cell junctions displaying purely elastic or fluid-like behaviors, depending on the choice of model parameters. To describe the experimental results, we propose a modified vertex model with two essential ingredients for junction mechanics: thresholded tension remodeling and continuous strain relaxation. First, junctions must overcome a critical strain threshold to trigger tension remodeling, resulting in irreversible junction length changes. Second, there is a continuous relaxation of junctional strain that removes mechanical memory from the system. This enables pulsatile contractions to further remodel cell shape via mechanical ratcheting. Taken together, the combination of mechanosensitive tension remodeling and junctional strain relaxation provides a robust mechanism for large-scale morphogenesis.

['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Computer Simulation', 'Elasticity', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Junctions', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Models, Biological', 'Morphogenesis', 'Optogenetics', 'Viscosity', 'rho GTP-Binding Proteins']

[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.374.590'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.149.165.420'], ['G01.154.090.500', 'G02.111.820.580', 'G04.835.580'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G07.345.500'], ['E05.393.667'], ['G02.930'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700', 'D12.644.360.525.700', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700', 'D12.776.476.525.700']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Neuroprotective Effects of Ellagic Acid in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Antioxidants have protective effects against free radicals-induced neural damage in Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined the effects of ellagic acid (EA) on locomotion, pallidal local EEG, and its frequency bands' power and also cerebral antioxidant contents in a rat model of PD induced by 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA). 6-OHDA (16 µg/2µ l) was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in MFB-lesioned rat's brain. Sham group received vehicle instead of 6-OHDA. PD-model was confirmed by rotational test using apomorphine injection. EA (50 mg/kg/2 ml, by gavages) was administered in PD+EA group. One group of MFB-lesioned rats received pramipexole (PPX; 2 mg/kg/2 ml, by gavages) as a positive control group (PD+PPX group). Motor activity was assessed by stride length, rotarod, and cylinder tests. Pallidal local EEG was recorded in freely moving rats. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) besides Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in both striatum and hippocampus tissues. MFB lesion caused significant reduction of stride-length (P<0.001), bar decent latency (P<0.001) and frequency bands' power of pallidal EEG (P<0.001). Use of 6-OHDA caused a reduction in the GPx (P<0.001) and SOD (P<0.001) activities while increased significantly the levels of MDA (P<0.001) in MFB-lesioned rats. EA significantly restored all above parameters. The results show that EA can improve the motor impairments and electrophysiological performance in the MFB-lesioned rats via raising the cerebral antioxidant contents. Therefore, EA can protect the brain against free radicals-induced neural damage and may be beneficial in the treatment of PD.

['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Brain', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Ellagic Acid', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Medial Forebrain Bundle', 'Models, Animal', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oxidopamine', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D03.383.663.283.500', 'D03.633.100.150.500'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D02.047.700'], ['A08.612.492'], ['E05.598'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia with sufentanil: analgesic efficacy and minimum effective concentrations.

Sufentanil has so far seldom been used for intravenous postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), and the resulting serum concentrations have not yet been determined. Forty ASA I-III patients recovering from major gynecological operations were investigated to evaluate analgesic efficacy, side effects, patient acceptance and threshold concentrations of sufentanil in serum during the early postoperative period, using the On-Demand Analgesia Computer (ODAC). Following an individualized intravenous loading dose of 19.1 +/- 35.7 micrograms (mean +/- 1 s.d.), sufentanil demand doses were 6 micrograms with a concurrent infusion of 1.15 micrograms/h and a maximum hourly dose of 40 micrograms/h; the lockout time was set to 1 min. The duration of PCA was 17.3 +/- 2.1 h. During this time 16 +/- 11 demands per patient were recorded, resulting in an average sufentanil consumption of 131.1 +/- 69.4 micrograms or 7.5 +/- 3.7 micrograms/h (including loading dose). analgesia was mostly judged good. Side effects were only of minor intensity. Sufentanil proved to be about 2.2 to 3.8 times as potent an analgesic as fentanyl when both analgesic effect and duration were considered. Minimum effective sufentanil serum concentration (MEC) as determined by radioimmunoassay varied greatly and could be best described by a log-normal distribution (range less than 0.01-0.56 ng/ml, median 0.024 ng/ml). Intraindividual MEC variability was slightly lower than intersubject variability (76.0 vs. 84.8%). It is concluded that sufentanil is suitable for postoperative PCA. To get into the therapeutic window for analgesia, a serum sufentanil concentration of more than 0.03 ng/ml seems to be necessary.

['Adult', 'Analgesia, Patient-Controlled', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Genital Diseases, Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Sufentanil']

[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.091.120'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['C13.351.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['D03.383.621.265.900']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Isoprostanes induce plasma extravasation in rat skin.

Isoprostane E2 (8-iso PGE) and isoprostane F2 alpha (8-iso PGF) contribute to numerous vascular, proinflammatory, and nociceptive functions. The underlying mechanisms for many of their actions are still under investigation. We examined the ability of isoprostanes to promote cutaneous inflammation using the Evan's blue dye method. Our data show that 4 micrograms subcutaneously (s.c.) injected 8-iso PGE or 8-iso PGF induced plasma extravasation in glabrous rat skin. Dye extravasation was also elicited in hairy skin after injections of 8-iso PGE, but not after 8-iso PGF. Isoprostane-evoked dye extravasation can be reduced by pretreatment with both the S+ and R- isomers of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitor ibuprofen (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), indicating perhaps a nonspecific inhibition; pretreatment with ketorolac (1 and 10 mg/kg i.v.) was without effect. Unlike isoprostane-induced cutaneous nociceptor sensitization, which is blocked in a stereospecific and dose-dependent manner by COX-inhibitors, the effect of these drugs on isoprostane-induced cutaneous plasma extravasation is less consistent. We conclude that at least a large component of the isoprostane effect on cutaneous plasma extravasation is COX-independent.

['Animals', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Dinoprost', 'Dinoprostone', 'Evans Blue', 'Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials', 'F2-Isoprostanes', 'Ibuprofen', 'Inflammation', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Isoprostanes', 'Ketorolac', 'Male', 'Rats']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D02.172.560', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.400', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.300', 'D04.615.638.555.400'], ['C23.550.340', 'C26.371'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.375.500', 'D10.251.355.310.166.775.500', 'D10.251.355.411.500'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['C23.550.470'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.375', 'D10.251.355.310.166.775', 'D10.251.355.411'], ['D03.633.100.473.420.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Does imatinib turn recurrent and/or metastasized gastrointestinal stromal tumors into a chronic disease? - single center experience.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract supposed to arise from the cells of Cajal because of gain-of-function mutations of the tyrosine receptor kinases c-kit or platelet-derived growth factor receptor A. Imatinib selectively inhibits the kinase activity of both receptors. Despite this breakthrough in the treatment of GIST, resistance against imatinib has been reported to be as high as 50% after the first 2 years of treatment.AIM: Outcome of 13 consecutive patients with relapsed or metastasized GIST who were treated with imatinib was analyzed.RESULTS: Mean duration of treatment was 53.5 months. Four patients developed progressive disease and died after a mean treatment time of 31 months in spite of increase of imatinib dosages to 800 mg daily. Two patients (23%) developed a progressive disease after 46 months or 52 months of treatment. Two patients had a stable disease and five had a partial response. The overall progression rate was 46%, the mean survival time since primary diagnosis was 85.8 months.CONCLUSION: From our experience, frequency of resistance development to imatinib may be below that given in the literature (50% after 2 years). Individual treatment in specialized centers may improve compliance.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Benzamides', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disease Progression', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors', 'Humans', 'Imatinib Mesylate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Piperazines', 'Prognosis', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyrimidines', 'Receptors, Amino Acid', 'Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['C04.557.450.565.370', 'C06.301.371.308', 'C06.405.249.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.456', 'D02.241.223.100.100.435', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.465', 'D03.383.606.405', 'D03.383.742.349'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D03.383.606'], ['E01.789'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Angiotensin (1-7) inhibits angiotensin II-stimulated expression of connective tissue growth factor mRNA in hepatic stellate cells].

To explore the angiotensin peptide [Ang (1-7)]-mediated inhibition of Ang II in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and determine the involvement of the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis. The human HSC line, LX2, was used in all experiments, and divided into control (unstimulated) and Ang II-stimulated (10-6 mol/L) groups. The Ang II-stimulated cells were further divided among several pre-treatment (prior to Ang II) groups: ROCK-inhibited (Y27632 blocking agent, 10-6 mol/L); irbesartan-inhibited (AT-1 receptor antagonist, 10-6 mol/L); and Mas receptor-inhibited (A779 Mas receptor antagonist, 10-6 mol/L). To explore the potential inhibitory effects of various Ang family members, the Ang II-stimulated and pre-treated LX2 cells were exposed to Ang (1-7) (10-6 mol/L) for 24 h. Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and QuantiGene assay were used to assess changes in protein and mRNA expression levels of RhoA, ROCK, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Compared with the control group, Ang II-stimulated cells showed significantly increased levels of RhoA protein (0.337+/-0.074 vs. 0.870+/-0.093), ROCK2 mRNA (0.747+/-0.061 vs. 0.368+/-0.023), and CTGF mRNA (0.262+/-0.007 vs. 0.578+/-0.028) (all, P less than 0.01). Pre-treatment with irbesartan or Y27632 eliminated these responses. Ang (1-7) inhibited the Ang II-stimulated up-regulation of RhoA, ROCK, and CTGF. Ang (1-7) can inhibit the Ang II-stimulated up-regulation of RhoA, ROCK and CTGF in hepatic stellate cells, indicating that the ACE2-Ang (1-7)-Mas axis, an important branch of the renin-Ang-aldosterone system is involved in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.

['Angiotensin I', 'Angiotensin II', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Connective Tissue Growth Factor', 'Hepatic Stellate Cells', 'Humans', 'Peptide Fragments', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction', 'rho-Associated Kinases', 'rhoA GTP-Binding Protein']

[['D06.472.699.094.075', 'D12.644.400.070.075', 'D12.644.456.073.021', 'D12.644.548.058.075', 'D12.776.631.650.070.075', 'D23.469.050.050.025'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.200.100', 'D12.776.467.200.100', 'D12.776.860.300.200.100', 'D23.529.237.100'], ['A11.561'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.814', 'D12.644.360.590', 'D12.776.476.595'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.200', 'D12.644.360.525.700.200', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.200', 'D12.776.476.525.700.200']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Effects of cell salvage on erythrocyte 2,3-disphosphoglycerate and G-6-PD levels and phosphatidylserine expression.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the perioperative cell salvage process to the changes in erythrocyte 2,3-disphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) levels and phosphatidylserine (PS) expression using a self-control study comparing washed blood with venous blood.METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing elective heart and blood vessel surgery were enrolled. Blood was collected and processed using a Fresenius continuous autotransfusion system device. 2,3-DPG and G-6-PD activities, as well as PS expression, from both venous and washed red blood cells (RBC) were measured. We also compared these indicators among washed RBC at 6 h, washed RBC at 0 h, and venous RBC.RESULTS: 2,3-DPG and G-6-PD activities in washed blood at 0 h were significantly higher than in venous RBC (2,3-DPG, venous vs. washed blood P < 0.05; G-6-PD, venous vs. washed blood P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed no differences between venous blood and washed RBC at 0 h (n = 23, P > 0.05). 2,3-DPG activity in washed RBC that were allowed to stand for 6 h decreased compared with that in venous blood (venous vs. washed blood at 6 h P < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed in G-6-PD activity (venous. vs. washed blood at 6 h P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with venous RBC, washed RBC from intraoperative cell salvage exhibited good oxygen-carrying and antioxidant capacities. However, the oxygen-carrying capacity of washed RBC that were allowed to stand for 6 h was not as good as that of venous RBC. Thus, we suggest that washed RBC that were left to stand for more than 6 h should not be reinfused.

['2,3-Diphosphoglycerate', 'Aged', 'Blood Preservation', 'Centrifugation', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Operative Blood Salvage', 'Oxygen', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'Specimen Handling']

[['D02.241.081.844.387.388.175', 'D02.241.511.902.387.388.175', 'D02.705.400.140.175', 'D09.811.366.388.175'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.792.833.230', 'E05.760.833.230'], ['E05.181'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.936.537.687'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Psychological effects on college students of raising the drinking age.

The current policy of raising the drinking age seems likely to have psychological costs for adolescents, including deterioration of their relationship with adult society. Colleges are likely to be the sites of heightened adolescent discontent because so many undergraduates are affected by the change in law. College administrators have the opportunity to reduce some of the psychological effects and ensure that adolescent discontent is channeled into developmentally enhancing activities.

['Accidents, Traffic', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Humans', 'Legislation as Topic', 'Personality Development', 'Students', 'United States']

[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.615'], ['F01.752.747'], ['M01.848'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Assessment of combined symptom and medication scores for rhinoconjunctivitis immunotherapy clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials the efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is evaluated using the Average Rhinoconjunctivitis Total Symptom Score (ARTSS). Effective treatment is associated with lower ARTSS relative to placebo. For ethical reasons patients are provided with registered rescue medication, which may alleviate symptoms and thus reduce symptom scores. This effect biases the mean difference in ARTSS between effective treatment and placebo towards zero. Therefore, when rescue medication is taken by a patient, the ARTSS needs to be adjusted appropriately.METHODS: We considered five outcome measures: ARTSS, Average Rescue Medication Score (ARMS), and three combined symptom and RMSs. To assess the different outcome measures regarding their power to discriminate between effective treatment and placebo, we calculated their effect size when applied to data from a clinical trial of immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.RESULTS: Of the five outcome measures considered, the average of the ARTSS and ARMS was associated with the largest effect size, and thus with the highest power to show treatment efficacy. Discriminant and multivariate analyses suggest that this average is approximately optimal among all weighted sums of ARTSS and ARMS.CONCLUSION: Our findings support recommendations made in a World Allergy Organisation document on methodological aspects of immunotherapy trials. The average of the ARTSS and ARMS should be considered as a primary efficacy variable in clinical trials of immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

['Administration, Sublingual', 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Allergens', 'Conjunctivitis, Allergic', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Histamine H1 Antagonists', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Pollen', 'Research Design', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['E02.319.267.100.878'], ['D06.472.040'], ['D23.050.063'], ['C11.187.183.200', 'C20.543.480.200'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425.400', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Chlordiazepoxide reduces the generalised anxiety, but not the direct responses, of rats exposed to cat odor.

Rats were treated for 5 days with vehicle or chlordiazepoxide (CDP, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day) and then exposed to a cloth impregnated with a neutral or cat odor. Those exposed to cat odor made significantly fewer contacts with the cloth and spent less time in contact with it and more time sheltering than those exposed to the neutral odor. CDP (5 mg/kg) significantly increased the time in contact with both odor cloths, but there were no other significant effects in the cat odor group. Rats previously exposed to cat odor showed significant anxiogenic responses in the social interaction and elevated plus-maze tests that were significantly reversed by CDP. There was no reduction in the responses to the cat odor on a second occasion as a result of the first exposure occurring after treatment with CDP (5 or 20 mg/kg). The anxiogenic effects of pentylenetetrazole (20 mg/kg) as detected in the social interaction and plus-maze tests were unaffected by prior odor experience. It is suggested that during exposure to the cat odor the responses of rats reflect avoidance components of a phobic anxiety state. Benzodiazepines are relatively ineffective against these responses in contrast to their efficacy against the generalised anxiety responses detected in the social interaction and plus-maze tests.

['Animals', 'Anxiety', 'Cats', 'Chlordiazepoxide', 'Fear', 'Male', 'Pentylenetetrazole', 'Rats', 'Smell']

[['B01.050'], ['F01.470.132'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.150'], ['F01.470.361'], ['D03.383.066.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Race and gender comparisons: I. Hemodynamic responses to a series of stressors.

A sample of 155 adults, age 18-49 years, including nearly equal subgroups of Black and White men and women, underwent evaluation of cardiovascular reactivity during 5 behavioral stressors. Among the men, overall blood pressure increases to tasks did not differ, but Blacks showed generally higher total peripheral resistance, whereas Whites showed greater heart rate and cardiac output increases. Among the women, the same racial-group differences were evident during certain tasks, but not during others. Men showed greater overall systolic blood pressure increases than did women, and they also showed less recovery toward baseline levels in systolic and diastolic pressure and stroke volume 5 min after the stressors. Other gender differences were task specific. The possible contributions of structural changes in the myocardium and vasculature, of altered sympathetic receptor distribution, and of task-specific behavioral factors influencing task involvement are discussed.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Affect', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiography, Impedance', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Middle Aged', 'Reaction Time', 'Sex Factors', 'Speech', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Task Performance and Analysis']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.160', 'E01.370.370.610.610.200'], ['M01.686.508'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']

Progesterone and estrogen receptors segregate into different cell subpopulations in the normal human breast.

Progesterone is critical in normal breast development and its synthetic derivatives are emerging as major drivers of breast cancer risk. The recent demonstration that progesterone regulates the stem cell compartment in the murine mammary gland, despite the absence of progesterone receptor (PR) in mammary stem cells, highlights the fact that PR distribution in progenitor cell subsets in the human breast remains to be conclusively shown. By utilising two independent cell sorting strategies to fractionate cells into distinct subpopulations enriched for different cell lineage characteristics, we have demonstrated a consistent enrichment of PR transcripts, relative to estrogen receptor transcripts, in the bipotent progenitor subfraction in the normal human breast. We have also shown co-expression of both steroid hormone receptors with basal markers in a subset of human breast cells, and finally we have demonstrated that PR+ bipotent progenitor cells are estrogen-insensitive, and that estrogen regulates PR in mature luminal cells only.

['Adult', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Biomarkers', 'Breast', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Separation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha6', 'Keratin-14', 'Mice', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Stem Cells', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.101'], ['A01.236'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['G04.152'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.263', 'D12.776.543.550.200.263', 'D23.050.285.357', 'D23.050.301.350.263'], ['A11.436'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.550'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.300.400', 'D12.776.220.475.450.300.400', 'D12.776.860.607.300.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['A11.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Impact of Homocysteine Level on Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients after Coronary Artery Stenting.

AIM: The prognostic value of homocysteine (HCY) in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) is still controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate whether elevated HCY level at admission predict long-term outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with coronary artery stenting.METHODS: From the institutional registry of Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis and Percutaneous TrAnsluminal INterventions (CAPTAIN), we enrolled a total of 1,307 patients with documented CAD undergone PCI with bare metal stents from July 2003 to December 2014. They were divided into two groups according to the fasting plasma HCY levels before catheterization: group ? (883 patients, ?12 µmol/L) and group II (424 patients, ?12 µmol/L). The primary endpoint was occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, target lesion revascularization, new lesion stenting, and requiring bypass surgery.RESULTS: After a mean follow-up period of 58±41 months, the group II patients had a higher MACE rate (33.3% vs. 25.6%, p=0.005). The main differences between two groups were cardiac death (8.0% vs. 3.4%, p=0.001) and new lesion stenting (13.6% vs. 9.5%, p=0.034). The risks of long-term MACE remained significantly higher in patients with elevated HCY level (?12 µmol/L) after adjusting for clinical variables, with a hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.02-1.64, p=0.036).CONCLUSIONS: Elevated HCY level (?12 µmol/L) was independently associated with increased risk of long-term cardiovascular events in patients after coronary artery bare metal stents implantations. Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia may remain a useful prognostic marker for the risk assessment in clinical care of CAD patients.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101'], ['C14'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Effectiveness of the frequency rhythmic electrical modulation system for the treatment of chronic and painful venous leg ulcers in older adults.

Frequency rhythmic electrical modulation system (FREMS) is an innovative type of transcutaneous electrotherapy used in a rehabilitation setting for the treatment of pain, especially in diabetic patients. In a randomized clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that FREMS is effective in the treatment of chronic and painful venous leg ulcers in 20 older patients. Group A (10 patients) received FREMS and topical treatment, whereas group B (10 patients) received topical treatment alone. Over a period of 3 consecutive weeks, 15 treatment sessions were done for each group. Wound healing and tissue repair were evaluated with the Visitrack digital planimetry system and photos. Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS). The measurements were done at baseline and after 5, 10, and 15 days of treatment, with follow-up measurements after 15 and 30 days from the last treatment session. Group A showed a statistically significant decrease in ulcer area during the treatment and follow-up. The VAS score showed a statistically significant decrease after 5 and 10 days of treatment. Group B showed a statistically decrease in ulcer area after 5, 10, and 15 days of treatment with a reduction of VAS score only at 15 days of follow-up. At the end of the treatment, the comparison of the change in ulcer area and the change in VAS score of each group showed a statistically significant difference between groups, suggesting the therapeutic and analgesic efficacy of FREMS in reducing pain and area of chronic venous leg ulcers in older adults. Further investigation is needed to determine its reproducibility in larger case series or randomized clinical trials with longer follow-up periods.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Pain', 'Demography', 'Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Leg Ulcer', 'Male', 'Pain Measurement', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Varicose Ulcer']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.888.592.612.274'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.893.592'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C14.907.927.730', 'C17.800.893.592.730']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']

Outcomes and accomplishments of the circles of care planning efforts.

This paper presents outcomes and accomplishments of the first round of participating individuals, communities, and grantees of the Circles of Care program (CoC). While accomplishing all CoC program goals, the initiative supported grantees in developing individual service delivery system models and positioned each grantee advantageously for securing funds for future implementation. The process and products as described can now assist others in improving their own systems of care for Indian children, adolescents, and their families.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Female', 'Health Planning Support', 'Health Services, Indigenous', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Inuits', 'Male', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Program Evaluation', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'United States', 'United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N03.219.483.408'], ['N02.421.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['M01.686.508.150.600.375.500', 'M01.686.508.150.675', 'M01.686.754.254.500.500'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.920', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.920']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Benefits and challenges in practice-oriented psychotherapy research in Germany: the TK and the QS-PSY-BAY projects of quality assurance in outpatient psychotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Two patient-focused long-term research projects performed in the German outpatient psychotherapy system are focused on in this article. The TK (Techniker Krankenkasse) project is the first study to evaluate a quality assurance and feedback system with regard to its practical feasibility in German routine care. The other study ("Quality Assurance in Outpatient Psychotherapy in Bavaria"; QS-PSY-BAY) was designed to test a new approach for quality assurance in outpatient psychotherapy using electronic documentation of patient characteristics and outcome parameters. In addition this project provides the opportunity to analyze data on health-related costs for the patients undergoing outpatient psychotherapy.METHOD: Both projects and their results indicating high effect sizes are briefly described.RESULTS: From the perspectives of the research teams, advisory boards and other stakeholders, the experiences with these projects are discussed focusing on obstacles, challenges, difficulties, and benefits in developing and implementing the studies. The triangle collaboration of therapists, researchers, and health insurance companies/health service institutions turned out to be fruitful in both studies.CONCLUSIONS: Despite some controversies between the partners the experiences indicate the importance of practiced-research collaborations to provide relevant information about the delivery of outpatient psychotherapy in the health system.

['Cooperative Behavior', 'Germany', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Outpatients', 'Psychotherapy', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care']

[['F01.145.813.115'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.630'], ['F04.754'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Chemiluminescence and superoxide anion production by leukocytes from diabetic patients.

Stimulated neutrophils exhibit a burst of oxidative metabolism which results in the formation of superoxide anion and other oxygen species that participate in bacterial killing. Chemiluminescence is also produced and is a sensitive measure of oxidative metabolism and correlates well with antimicrobial activity. Since infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients we examined chemiluminescence and superoxide production by leukocytes from diabetics in the resting state and in response to a soluble (phorbol myristate acetate) and to a particulate stimulus (opsonized zymosan). No significant difference in the resting chemiluminescence was observed. However, the resting superoxide anion production by patients' leukocytes was significantly higher in autologous serum; when patients' leukocytes were placed in normal serum, a significant reduction in the resting superoxide anion production was observed. Using phorbol myristate acetate as a stimulus, leukocytes from diabetic patients had a markedly reduced chemiluminescence response [controls 388 +/- 48, n = 22, patient 220 +/- 37, peak cpm X 10(3)/10(6)P leukocytes, n = 22, (P less than 0.01)] and reduced superoxide anion response [controls 30.1 +/- 3.8, n = 16, patients 13.3 +/- 2.6 nmol/15 min/10(6)P leukocytes, n = 16 (P less than 0.001)]. Significantly reduced chemiluminescence response (P less than 0.05) and superoxide production (P less than 0.05) by leukocytes from diabetic patients were also observed using opsonized zymosan as a stimulus. No significant effects on chemiluminescence or superoxide response to phorbol myristate acetate were observed with cross-incubation studies in which patients' leukocytes were placed in normal serum or control leukocytes in patient serum. In vitro addition of insulin (25 microU; 100 microU/ml) had no significant effect on patient cell response; similarly increasing the glucose concentration from 100 mg/dl to 200 mg/dl and 400 mg/dl had no significant effect on control cell response. Glucagon in a lower concentration (200 pg/ml) had no significant effect; only at a higher concentration (400 pg/ml), it caused an inhibition of the phorbol stimulated chemiluminescence and superoxide response of control leukocytes. These results show an impaired oxidative burst by leukocytes from diabetic patients which may contribute to impaired bacterial killing and may explain, in part, the morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients suffering from infection.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anions', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Glucagon', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Opsonin Proteins', 'Oxygen', 'Superoxides', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Zymosan']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.248.497.158'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.767', 'D12.776.124.486.657', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.767', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.767'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D09.698.365.089.750']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

[Urinary tract manifestations of ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysms (author's transl)].

18 patients were admitted from 1969 to 1973 to the Surgical and Urological University Clinic in Mainz with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysms. Three patients died immediately following the operation and three during surgery from internal hemorrhage. Eight patients died later following prolonged shock. Four patients survived surgery. The classical symptoms of shock, abdominal pain and pulsating tumor was only present in three patients. The diagnosis was only made in seven patients at admission, from the clinical findings. Urological symptoms were also prominent such as unilateral flank pain, colic, dysuria, anuria and tenderness over the kidney. There is no typical clinical picture of ruptured aortic aneurysm. Acute urological symptomatology in cases of acute abdomen with unclear etiology and in connection with shock could indicate a ruptured aortic aneurysm. There is absolute indication for immediate operative intervention. The aneurysm is removed and replaced by a vascular prosthesis. Early diagnosis is important since prolonged shock and anuria will result in a poor postoperative prognosis. Abdominal exploration is therefore also indicated when a ruptured aortic aneurysm is only suspected.

['Abdomen, Acute', 'Acute Disease', 'Angiography', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Aortic Rupture', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'Urologic Diseases']

[['C23.888.592.612.054.200', 'C23.888.821.030.249'], ['C23.550.291.125'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['C14.907.055.185.125', 'C14.907.055.239.175', 'C14.907.109.139.175', 'C26.761.125'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04'], ['C12.777', 'C13.351.968']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']

Interactions of conventional or photopolymerized liposomes with platelets in vitro.

We have examined the effects of liposomes on in vitro platelet aggregation. Liposomes were prepared from various conventional lipids and from a novel photopolymerizable phosphatidylcholine derivative (DPL, bis[1,2-(methacryloyloxy)dodecanoyl]-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine). None of the liposome preparations studied caused marked platelet aggregation in either plasma or buffer solution. However, positively charged vesicles impaired the ability of platelets in plasma to aggregate in response to ADP, whereas negatively charged vesicles impaired the ability of platelets in buffer to aggregate in response to thrombin. DPL vesicles had only modest effects on platelets in plasma or buffer.

['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Liposomes', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Polymers', 'Thrombin', 'Ultraviolet Rays']

[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']

Dejerine-Roussy syndrome from thalamic metastasis treated with stereotactic radiosurgery.

Dejerine-Roussy syndrome (central thalamic pain) is associated with damage to the ventral posterior sensory nuclei of the thalamus. We report a patient with breast cancer who developed contralateral hemibody paresthesias and dysesthesias. MR imaging revealed limited volume intracranial metastatic disease including a right posterior thalamic lesion. Stereotactic radiosurgery was utilized to selectively treat the lesion while preserving the remaining thalamus. Two months following treatment, the patient reported vastly improved to complete resolution of her sensory symptoms. This is the first reported case of thalamic tumor directed radiosurgical treatment leading to resolution of central neuropathic pain.

['Brain Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Paresis', 'Paresthesia', 'Radiosurgery', 'Syndrome', 'Thalamic Diseases', 'Ventral Thalamic Nuclei']

[['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.597.636', 'C23.888.592.643'], ['C10.597.751.791.875', 'C23.888.592.763.770.875'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C10.228.140.915'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701.900']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Neglect between but not within auditory objects.

Unilateral neglect is frequently characterized by the presence of extinction, which is a lack of awareness to contralesional visual stimuli in the presence of those further towards the ipsilesional side. It has been established that this visual extinction can be reduced if the stimuli are grouped together into a single object. However, attention between and within auditory objects has never before been studied. We demonstrate for the first time that unilateral neglect--hitherto thought primarily to be a disorder of visuospatial processing-- involves a specific deficit in allocating attention between auditory objects separated only in time and not in space. Importantly, this deficit is restricted to comparisons between sounds: the patients' ability to make within-sound comparisons is similar to that of controls. These differences cannot be explained in terms of different time spans over which comparisons must be made. The results suggest unilateral neglect is linked to--if not actually determined by--a reduction in attentional capacity in both the visual and auditory domains, and across the dimensions of both space and time. The findings have potential clinical applications.

['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Aged', 'Attention', 'Auditory Perception', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Pitch Discrimination', 'Psychometrics', 'Sound Localization']

[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.071.700.408', 'G07.888.125.700.408'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F02.463.593.071.869', 'G07.888.125.869']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Vibration perception threshold in relation to postural control and fall risk assessment in elderly.

PURPOSE: This study investigates (i) the potential discriminative role of a clinical measure of peripheral neuropathy (PN) in assessing postural performance and fall risk and (ii) whether the integration of a simple screening vibration perception threshold (VPT) for PN in any physical (fall risk) assessment among elderly should be recommended, even if they do not suffer from DM.METHOD: One hundred and ninety-five elderly were entered in a four-group model: DM with PN (D+; n = 75), DM without PN (D-; n = 28), non-diabetic elderly with idiopathic PN (C+; n = 31) and non-diabetic elderly without PN (C-; n = 61). Posturographic sway parameters were captured during different static balance conditions (AMTI AccuGait, Watertown, MA). VPT, fall data, Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test were registered. Two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare between groups and across balance conditions.RESULTS: The groups with PN demonstrated a strikingly comparable, though bigger sway, and a higher prospective fall incidence than their peers without PN.CONCLUSIONS: The indication of PN, irrespective of its cause, interferes with postural control and fall incidence. The integration of a simple screening for PN (like bio-thesiometry) in any fall risk assessment among elderly is highly recommended. Implications for Rehabilitation The indication of peripheral neuropathy (PN), irrespective of its cause, interferes with postural control and fall incidence. Therefore, the integration of a simple screening for PN (like bio-thesiometry) in any fall risk assessment among elderly is highly recommended. It might be useful to integrate somatosensory stimulation in rehabilitation programs designed for fall prevention.

['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Belgium', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Perception', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Postural Balance', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Vibration']

[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593'], ['C10.668.829'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['G01.374.930']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Telescoping is not time compression: a model of the dating of autobiographical events.

A model of telescoping is proposed that assumes no systematic errors in dating. Rather, the overestimation of recent occurrences of events is based on the combination of three factors: (1) Retention is greater for recent events; (2) errors in dating, though unbiased, increase linearly with the time since the dated event; and (3) intrusions often occur from events outside the period being asked about, but such intrusions do not come from events that have not yet occurred. In Experiment 1, we found that recall for colloquia fell markedly over a 2-year interval, the magnitude of errors in psychologists' dating of the colloquia increased at a rate of .4 days per day of delay, and the direction of the dating error was toward the middle of the interval. In Experiment 2, the model used the retention function and dating errors from the first study to predict the distribution of the actual dates of colloquia recalled as being within a 5-month period. In Experiment 3, the findings of the first study were replicated with colloquia given by, instead of for, the subjects.

['Attention', 'Humans', 'Judgment', 'Memory', 'Mental Recall', 'Time Perception']

[['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.593.857']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']

Shear stress stimulates phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase at Ser1179 by Akt-independent mechanisms: role of protein kinase A.

Recently, we have shown that shear stress stimulates NO(*) production by the protein kinase B/Akt (Akt)-dependent mechanisms in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) (Go, Y. M., Boo, Y. C., Park, H., Maland, M. C., Patel, R., Pritchard, K. A., Jr., Fujio, Y., Walsh, K., Darley-Usmar, V., and Jo, H. (2001) J. Appl. Physiol. 91, 1574-1581). Akt has been believed to regulate shear-dependent production of NO(*) by directly phosphorylating endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) at the Ser(1179) residue (eNOS-S(1179)), but a critical evaluation using specific inhibitors or dominant negative mutants (Akt(AA) or Akt(AAA)) has not been reported. In addition, other kinases, including protein kinase A (PKA) and AMP kinase have also shown to phosphorylate eNOS-S(1179). Here, we show that shear-dependent phosphorylation of eNOS-S(1179) is mediated by an Akt-independent, but a PKA-dependent, mechanism. Expression of Akt(AA) or Akt(AAA) in BAEC by using recombinant adenoviral constructs inhibited phosphorylation of eNOS-S(1179) if cells were stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but not by shear stress. As shown before, expression of Akt(AA) inhibited shear-dependent NO(*) production, suggesting that Akt is still an important regulator in NO production. Further studies showed that a selective inhibitor of PKA, H89, inhibited shear-dependent phosphorylation of eNOS-S(1179) and NO(*) production. In contrast, H89 did not inhibit phosphorylation of eNOS-S(1179) induced by expressing a constitutively active Akt mutant (Akt(Myr)) in BAEC, showing that the inhibitor did not affect the Akt pathway. 8-Bromo-cAMP alone phosphorylated eNOS-S(1179) within 5 min without activating Akt, in an H89-sensitive manner. Collectively, these results demonstrate that shear stimulates phosphorylation of eNOS-S(1179) in a PKA-dependent, but Aktindependent manner, whereas the NO(*) production is regulated by the mechanisms dependent on both PKA and Akt. A coordinated interaction between Akt and PKA may be an important mechanism by which eNOS activity is regulated in response to physiological stimuli such as shear stress.

['Adenoviridae', 'Androstadienes', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Cattle', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Kinetics', 'Nitrates', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphoserine', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Wortmannin']

[['B04.280.030'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.125.154.800.968', 'D12.125.740.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129.891']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Cystic lymphangioma of the upper extremity: US and MRI correlation (2004:11b).

The authors described a very rare case of the cystic lymphangioma (CL) of the left upper extremity in a 12-year-old patient. The diagnosis was made by US and MRI and confirmed by histological examination of the resected specimen.

['Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphangioma, Cystic', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Ultrasonography', 'Upper Extremity']

[['M01.060.406'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.375.450.450'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.839'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['A01.378.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Strabismus induced by radial keratotomy.

The history of a woman who developed diplopia after radial keratotomy is reported. Examination showed that this was the result of the appearance of accommodative esotropia. Some complications of refractive surgery reported in the literature were reviewed. It is the current policy of the U.S. military services to disquality an applicant for entry who has undergone refractive surgery. Based on this review of complications it is argued that this is still the correct policy.

['Adult', 'Diplopia', 'Esotropia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratotomy, Radial', 'Military Personnel', 'Myopia', 'Refractive Surgical Procedures']

[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.751.941.339', 'C11.966.339', 'C23.888.592.763.941.339'], ['C10.292.562.887.300', 'C11.590.810.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.540.825.550'], ['M01.526.625'], ['C11.744.636'], ['E04.540.825']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Cloning, expression, and localization of a chloride-facilitated, cocaine-sensitive serotonin transporter from Drosophila melanogaster.

We report here on the isolation and characterization of a serotonin (5HT) transporter from Drosophila melanogaster. A 3.1-kb complementary DNA clone (dSERT) was found to encode a protein of 622 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 69 kDa and a putative transmembrane topology characteristic of cloned members of the mammalian Na+/Cl- neurotransmitter cotransporter gene family. dSERT displays highest overall amino acid sequence identity with the mammalian 5HT (51%), norepinephrine (47%), and dopamine (47%) transporters and shares with all transporters 104 absolutely conserved amino acid residues. Upon transient expression in HeLa cells, dSERT exhibited saturable, high-affinity, and sodium-dependent [3H]5HT uptake with estimated Km and Vmax values of approximately 500 nM and 5.2 x 10(-18) mol per cell per min, respectively. In marked contrast to the human SERT (hSERT), 5HT-mediated transport by dSERT was not absolutely dependent on extracellular Cl-, while the sodium-dependent uptake of 5HT was facilitated by increased extracellular Cl- concentrations. dSERT displays a pharmacological profile and rank order of potency consistent with, but not identical to, mammalian 5HT transporters. Comparison of the affinities of various compounds for the inhibition of 5HT transport by both dSERT and hSERT revealed that antidepressants were 3- to 300-fold less potent on dSERT than on hSERT, while mazindol displayed approximately 30-fold greater potency for dSERT. Both cocaine and RTI-55 inhibited 5HT uptake by dSERT with estimated inhibition constants of approximately 500 nM, while high concentrations (> 10 microM) of dopamine, norepinephrine, octopamine, tyramine, and histamine failed to inhibit transport. In situ hybridization reveals the selective expression of dSERT mRNA to specific cell bodies in the ventral ganglion of the embryonic and larval Drosophila nervous system with a distribution pattern virtually identical to that of 5HT-containing neurons. The dSERT gene was mapped to position 60C on chromosome 2. The availability of the gene encoding the unique ion dependence and pharmacological characteristics of dSERT may allow for identification of those amino acid residues and structural motifs that confer the pharmacologic specificity and genetic regulation of the 5HT transport process.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Chlorides', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cocaine', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.311', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.875', 'D12.776.157.530.937.624', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.374', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.875', 'D12.776.543.585.937.747']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Sustained nuclear localization of p21/WAF-1 upon growth arrest induced by contact inhibition.

We assessed the expression and distribution of p21/Waf-1 in TLM1 melanoma cells that exhibit contact inhibition and require serum for growth. The growth stage of cells stimulated to enter the mitotic cell cycle synchronously and grow to confluence was characterized by distinct, yet consistent levels and patterns of distribution of p21/Waf-1. Significantly, sustained accumulation of p21/Waf-1 in the nuclear compartment was seen only after 4 days in culture when cell-to-cell contacts were established, leading to a diminished rate of cell growth. Overexpression of wild-type waf-1 in melanoma cells reduced growth of subconfluent cells, decreased Cdk4 activity with a concomitant increase in hypophosphorylated Rb, and promoted cell death by apoptosis. The data support the premise that cell-to-cell contacts provide signals that mediate sustained nuclear localization of p21/Waf-1 leading to cell growth arrest; furthermore, an elevation in the activity of this protein can lead to apoptosis.

['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Contact Inhibition', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Cyclins', 'Dogs', 'Immunoblotting', 'Melanoma', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.383'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['A11.284.835'], ['A11.251.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

A score at diagnosis for predicting length of remission in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Thirty-two variables at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were studied in an unselected population-bases series of 209 children. Twelve variables had individually a statistically significant effect on the duration of first remission. A multivariate analysis using data on the 199 children who went into complete remission showed that all significant variation in remission times could be explained by only 3 variables acting simultaneously. These were the total white blood count (WBC) at diagnosis, the Franco-American-British (FAB) classification of blast morphology and the percentage of lymphoblasts with PAS+ coarse granules or blocks. A simple scoring system (for WBC add 1 if less than 20 X 10(9)/1, add 2 if 20 - 50 X 10(9)/1, add 3 if greater than or equal to 50 X 10(9)/1; for L2 or L3 leukaemia add 1; for PAS+ less than 5% add 1) separated patients into risk groups with widely different median lengths of first remission. Application of the risk score improves the prediction of the outcome of treatment, and the clinical trials, allows more accurate stratification, less extensive data collection and simpler analysis.

['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Risk', 'Time Factors']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']

Different monocyte phenotypes result in proresolving macrophages in conjugated linoleic acid-induced attenuated progression and regression of atherosclerosis.

Monocytes/macrophages drive progression and regression of atherosclerosis. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an anti-inflammatory lipid, mediates atheroprotective effects. We investigated how CLA alters monocyte/macrophage phenotype during attenuated progression and regression of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a high-fat (60%) high-cholesterol (1%) diet (HFHCD) for 2 wk, followed by 6-wk 1% CLA 80:20 supplementation to investigate disease progression. Simultaneously, ApoE-/- mice were fed a 12-wk HFHCD with/without CLA for the final 4 wk to investigate regression. Aortic lesions were quantified by en face staining. Proteomic analysis, real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry were used to interrogate monocyte/macrophage phenotypes. CLA supplementation inhibited atherosclerosis progression coincident with decreased proinflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory macrophages. However, CLA-induced regression was associated with increased proinflammatory monocytes resulting in increased proresolving M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages, splenic macrophages, and dendritic cells in lesion-draining lymph nodes. Proteomic analysis confirmed regulation of a proinflammatory bone marrow response, which was abolished upon macrophage differentiation. Thus, in attenuation and regression of atherosclerosis, regardless of the monocyte signature, during monocyte to macrophage differentiation, proresolving macrophages prevail, mediating vascular repair. This study provides novel mechanistic insight into the monocyte/macrophage phenotypes in halted atherosclerosis progression and regression of atherosclerosis.-Bruen, R., Curley, S., Kajani, S., Lynch, G., O'Reilly, M. E., Dillon, E. T., Fitzsimons, S., Mthunzi, L., McGillicuddy, F. C., Belton, O. Different monocyte phenotypes result in proresolving macrophages in conjugated linoleic acid-induced attenuated progression and regression of atherosclerosis.

['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells', 'Phenotype', 'Proteome']

[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.148.378.590.675.750', 'A11.148.580.500', 'A11.627.482.665', 'A11.627.624.249', 'A11.627.635.675.750', 'A11.872.378.590.635.875', 'A15.378.316.378.590.675.750'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.817']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Chronic renal disease in diabetic and prediabetic subjects: a community-based study in Shanghai].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of chronic renal disease in hyperglycemic population of Shanghai Caoyang Community.METHODS: Microalbuminuria was determined by measuring urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from fasting serum creatinine.RESULTS: A total of 406 Shanghai Chinese, with the average age of 67.5 +/- 13.8 years (244 with diabetes mellitus and 162 with impaired glucose regulation) from the established hyperglycemic cohort were included. (1) The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 20.9% and 10.5% in the subjects with diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR); (2) The prevalence of a cGFR >or= 60 and < 90, >or= 30 and < 60, < 30 mlxmin(-1)x(1.73 m(2))(-1) were 41.6%, 37.0%, 1.2% respectively in the patients with diabetes, and 34.2%, 47.2%, 1.9% in the patients with IGR. Impaired renal function was 38.2% and 49.1% respectively in the subjects with diabetes and IGR; (3) The prevalence of microalbuminuria was significantly higher in the diabetic patients with hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, history of cardiovascular disease or selinity. Systolic blood pressure, waist circumstance, fasting plasma glucose and history of cardiovascular disease were all independently associated with hyperglycemic microalbuminuria; (4) cGFR was diminished with increased age and the impaired renal function was more frequent in the patients with hypertension (48.5%). There was a significant positive correlation between a diminished cGFR and increasing levels of ACR after the patients with macroalbuminuria were deleted and adjusted age. Serum creatinine, age and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with diabetic cGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2).CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of microalbuminuria and impaired renal function in the hyperglycemic population of Caoyang Community underlines the need for cost-effective programs for the detection of chronic renal disease, and approaches to screen it in the hyperglycemic patients should incorporate assessment of GFR in addition to monitoring urine albumin excretion.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Albuminuria', 'China', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Zn doped CdO nanoparticles: Structural, morphological, optical, photocatalytic and anti-bacterial properties.

Pure and zinc-doped CdO NPs (Zn-CdO NPs) were synthesized through a facile co-precipitation method. The structural, morphology, chemical composition, optical and antibacterial activity of the NPs were studied with respect to pure and Zn-doped CdO concentration (0-7.5mol.%). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that pure and Zn-doped CdO NPs were in the nano-scale regime with different crystalline morphology. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum predicts the presence of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Oxygen (O) in the prepared samples. Optical studies divulge that Zn2+ doping CdO decreases the band gap energy (Eg) (3.36-3.02eV) with an increase in Zn2+ doping concentration. Optical absorption spectrum of CdO red-shifted as the Zn concentration varied from 2.5mol.% to 7.5mol.%. PL spectra displayed a strong UV emission peak at 380nm. Enhanced Visible emission at 430 and 522nm with Zn2+ doping interprets the defect density in CdO by occupying Cd2+ vacancies with Zn2+ ions. Photocatalytic studies revealed that 7.5% Zn-doped CdO NPs show maximum degradation for atrazine (ATZ) as herbicide pollution under UV irradiation. Antibacterial studies against (Gram positive) and (Gram negative) bacteria's authenticate that Zn2+ doped CdO nanostructures exhibit excellent antibacterial activity against all bacteria's with an increase in doping concentration.

['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Atrazine', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cadmium Compounds', 'Catalysis', 'Humans', 'Nanoparticles', 'Oxides', 'Pesticides', 'Photolysis', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Zinc']

[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D03.383.931.247'], ['B03'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D01.142'], ['G02.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['G02.740.685'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']

Free tissue transfer in the hypercoagulable patient: a review of 58 flaps.

BACKGROUND: Hypercoagulability or thrombophilia is a group of inherited or acquired conditions associated with a predisposition to thrombosis. Most hypercoagulable states alter the blood itself or affect the vasculature, directly creating a detrimental environment for microsurgery. The authors present their series of hypercoagulable patients who underwent free flap reconstruction.METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of all free flaps performed between January 1, 2005, and October 1, 2010, at the University of Pennsylvania. A total of 2032 flaps were performed. Forty-one patients or 58 free flaps (2.9 percent) were identified as having a diagnosed thrombophilia or previous thromboembolic event.RESULTS: Of the 41 patients, 36 were women and five were men. Diagnosis included factor V Leiden mutation, protein C deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, prothrombin gene mutation, factor VIII elevation, anticardiolipin antibody syndrome, and essential thrombocytosis. The group of patients with prior thrombotic events (many with concomitant events and diagnoses) included deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, myocardial infarction before the age of 50, and embolic stroke. Twelve patients (29.3 percent) were actively followed by a hematologist. The rate of thrombosis was 20.7 percent (12 flaps), including those occurring intraoperatively. The salvage rate for a postoperative thrombosed flap in this group was 0 percent. The flap loss rate was 15.5 percent.CONCLUSIONS: Although hypercoagulability produces an unfavorable condition for microvascular reconstruction, free tissue transfer is feasible. In this series, the authors had an 80 percent success rate. Collaboration with a hematologist may be helpful. In this group, flap thrombosis seems to occur in the delayed period. Even with operative reexploration, salvage rates have not been promising.CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, IV.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Free Tissue Flaps', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thrombophilia']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A10.850.710.500', 'E07.862.710.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C15.378.925']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']

[Surgical management of subperiosteal abscess of the orbit].

Subperiosteal abscess is generally defined as the collection of pus between the periorbita and the orbital wall, and usually results from paranasal sinus infection. Early, appropriate evaluation and management observing signs and symptoms of orbital inflammation are required to prevent blindness. We report 5 cases of subperiosteal abscess caused by paranasal sinus problems. We used endoscopic ethmoidectomy with puncture or endonasal endoscopic drainage of the abscess and found orbital complications in 4. We used conservative therapy in 1 with no visual acuity. We discuss pathogenesis and surgical indications and approaches. Three of 4 patients with mild visual acuity and treated with surgical procedure were cured without sequalae. We successfully managed the superior subperiosteal abscess with an endoscopic endonasal approach. One of 4 patients who had severe vision loss, however, was cured without any recovery of loss of vision after surgical drainage to decrease orbital pressure. The endscopic endonasal approach is more useful in managing both sinus disease and orbital complications than external ethmoidectomy.

['Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Aged', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drainage', 'Endoscopy', 'Ethmoid Sinus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orbital Diseases', 'Sinusitis', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['A04.531.621.267'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.675'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Expression and significance of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].

The expression of IAP in the esophageal tissues of 74 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 12 normal controls were determined by using MI2, and anti-IAP monoclonal antibody, and ABC immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that there was no expression of IAP in normal esophageal epithelium of all control subjects, and the positive rate in specimens of the esophageal carcinomas was 90.3% (P < 0.001). The staining intensity of IAP was increasing with the decrease in degrees of cell differentiation of the tumors (P < 0.05). The expression of IAP in long survivors without lymph node metastasis were lower than that in cases with metastasis (P < 0.005) and short survivors (P < 0.001). The results suggest that IAP may play an important role in tumor cell differentiation, clinical course and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma, and may be used as a tumor marker for the diagnosis of this malignancy.

['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Prognosis']

[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['G04.152'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E01.789']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Effect of byakko-ka-ninjin-to on the efferent activity of the autonomic nerve fibers innervating the sublingual gland of the rat.

The effect of intraduodenal infusion of Byakko-ka-ninjin-to (BN) on the efferent activity of the autonomic outflow to the sublingual gland was observed in the anesthetized rat. Intraduodenal infusion of BN (50-200 mg/kg) resulted in a dose-related increase in efferent activity. The enhancement of the nerve activity following administration of 200 mg/kg BN lasted longer than three hours. It was observed that the suppressive effect on efferent activity due to i.v. administration of hypertonic saline was antagonized by intraduodenal infusion of BN. From these observations it is suggested that Byakko-ka-ninjin-to acts as a facilitatory agent on salivary secretion.

['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Animals', 'Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Autonomic Pathways', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Duodenum', 'Efferent Pathways', 'Ganglionic Blockers', 'Hexamethonium', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Saline Solution, Hypertonic', 'Salivation', 'Saponins', 'Sublingual Gland', 'Sucrose', 'Taste']

[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.100', 'A08.800.050.050.050', 'A08.800.800.060.050', 'A11.671.501.100'], ['A08.800.050'], ['A08.800.050.050', 'A08.800.800.060'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['A08.612.380'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.340'], ['D02.092.877.250.592.400', 'D02.675.276.558.592.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D26.776.314.890'], ['G07.203.650.250.800', 'G10.261.190.800'], ['D09.408.782'], ['A03.556.500.760.687', 'A10.336.779.687', 'A14.549.760.687'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Factors in perceived hospital discharge planning effectiveness.

Hospital discharge planning is the process of assessing the needs of hospitalized patients for post-acute care and developing a coordinated plan to provide the care needed. It is an important component of both the financial viability of the hospital and of the overall quality of care provided to the patient across health care settings, and has historically been an important part of social work practice. This research, based on a random sample survey of U.S. non-federal acute medical/surgical hospitals (N = 378 hospitals), suggests those variables that may be most important in shaping the effectiveness of the hospital discharge planning program. A multivariate analysis framework is used to identify those variables that have the strongest independent effect on effectiveness, and to assess the relative strength of each. Power (including discharge planner influence and physician and hospital administrator support) and role clarity emerge as the most important predictors of perceived effectiveness. The model of discharge planning used and characteristics of the hospital (such as size or urban-rural location) are not significant independent predictors. The single most important factor is cooperation and support from the physician staff of the hospital. This research suggests that organizational factors, rather than the use of a particular "system" of discharge planning, may be most important in discharge planning effectiveness.

['Activities of Daily Living', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Hospitals, Rural', 'Hospitals, Urban', 'Humans', 'Patient Care Team', 'Patient Discharge', 'Social Work', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['N02.278.421.518'], ['N02.278.421.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.715'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['I01.880.792', 'N02.421.849'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

Additive benefits of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines among elderly persons aged 75 years or older in Taiwan--a representative population-based comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: It remains unclear whether pneumococcal vaccine provides additional protection to the elderly who have already vaccinated with influenza vaccine. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the additive effect of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines on the risk of mortality, hospitalization, and inpatient expenditure in the elderly aged 75 years or older in Taiwan.METHODS: Data were extracted from the National Health Insurance claims data of a nationally representative elderly sample. To reduce potential selection bias, we employed a propensity score matching method to classify the vaccination status into 3 groups. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to compare the outcomes among different groups.RESULTS: Each group contained 8142 subjects. The results indicated that an additive effect of receiving both vaccines was associated with a significantly lower all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.96), hospitalization of all diseases including pneumonia, influenza, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory diseases, and congestive heart disease (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.67-0.90), and a 13% reduction (95% CI: 0.81-0.94) in inpatient expenditures of all diseases when compared with receiving influenza vaccine alone.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that vaccination of elderly individuals with pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine concomitantly has substantial beneficial effects.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Coinfection', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Influenza, Human', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Pneumococcal Infections', 'Pneumococcal Vaccines', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Taiwan']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Whole-grain and refined wheat flours show distinct metabolic profiles in rats as assessed by a 1H NMR-based metabonomic approach.

The protection against diabetes and cardiovascular disease provided by whole-grain cereal consumption has been attributed to the fiber and micronutrients present in the bran. But exactly how this occurs remains unclear due to both diversity of bran constituents and the complexity of the metabolic responses to each of these constituents. We investigated the metabolic responses of 2 groups of rats (n = 10/group) fed 2 diets, for 2 wk each, in a crossover design. One diet contained 60 g/100 g whole-grain wheat flour (WGF) and the other contained 60 g/100 g refined wheat flour (RF). Markers of oxidative stress [urinary isoprostanes and malondialdehydes (MDA), plasma ferric-reducing ability of plasma, MDA, and vitamins E and C] and lipid status (liver and plasma triglycerides and cholesterol) were measured. Urine samples collected during the feeding periods and plasma and liver samples collected at the end of experiment were analyzed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Metabonomic analyses showed that each group reached a new metabolic balance within 48 h of changing the diet. Urinary excretion of some tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, aromatic amino acids, and hippurate was significantly greater in rats fed the WGF diet. Although the diets did not affect conventional lipid and oxidative stress markers, there were decreases in some liver lipids and increases in liver reduced glutathione and betaine as shown by metabonomic analyses. These suggest that the WGF diet improved the redox and lipid status.

['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Blood', 'Cecum', 'Eating', 'Edible Grain', 'Fermentation', 'Flour', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Protons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Triticum', 'Urine', 'Weight Gain']

[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['A03.556.124.526.209', 'A03.556.249.249.209'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['A12.207.927'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Outcome of implant therapy involving localised lateral alveolar ridge and/or sinus floor augmentation: a clinical and radiographic retrospective 1-year study.

AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the 1-year outcome of implant therapy involving various types of localised lateral alveolar ridge and/or sinus floor augmentation procedures performed before implant placement.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients were consecutively treated with oral implants on average 6.5 months after bone grafting. A total of 82 regions were augmented and 151 implants were inserted. All regions were augmented with autogenous bone harvested intraorally. Block grafts (13 regions, 16%), particulate grafts (25 regions, 30%), and a combination of block and particulate grafts (44 regions, 54%) were used. The particulate grafts were sometimes mixed with less than 25% anorganic porous bovine-derived bone mineral (28 regions, 34%). Finally, the grafted areas were in most cases covered by either an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane (58 regions, 71%) or a resorbable collagen membrane (11 regions, 13%). The selection of the performed procedure was based upon the experience of the surgeon and thorough evaluation of each case. All surgical procedures were performed by two oral and maxillofacial surgeons with extensive clinical experience with regenerative procedures. The outcome measures were complications related to the augmentation procedure, prosthesis survival, implant survival and peri-implant marginal bone loss.RESULTS: No dropouts occurred. Complications occurred in eight patients (17%) after bone harvesting: temporary paraesthesia (two patients, 4%), membrane exposure (five patients, 11%) and acute sinusitis (one patient, 2%). Membrane exposure was exclusively observed when an e-PTFE membrane was used. However, the subsequent implant placement was not compromised. Regarding the patient with acute sinusitis, the graft was removed and implant/prosthesis placement was not possible. No further prosthesis failures occurred during the 1-year follow-up period. Thus, the prosthesis survival was 99%. The implant survival involving sinus lift, lateral augmentation, and combined sinus lift and lateral augmentation was 91%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. A total of four patients (9%) experienced implant failure. The mean peri-implant marginal bone loss at patient level involving sinus lift, lateral augmentation, and combined sinus lift and lateral augmentation was 0.60 mm (range: 0.31-1.25), 0.31 mm (range: 0.00-0.75) and 0.41 mm (range: 0.00-1.25), respectively. No technical complications were observed. Moreover, no episodes of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis were registered.CONCLUSIONS: Localised lateral alveolar ridge and/or sinus floor augmentation performed before implant placement seems to be associated with few complications after 1 year. However, it should be emphasised that all surgical procedures were selected and performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons with extensive clinical experience in the field of regenerative procedures.

['Alveolar Bone Loss', 'Alveolar Ridge Augmentation', 'Bone Substitutes', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Female', 'Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sinus Floor Augmentation', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['C05.116.264.150', 'C07.465.714.354.500'], ['E04.545.550.100', 'E06.645.550.100'], ['D25.130.325', 'J01.637.051.130.325'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['E06.323.400', 'E06.780.346.725'], ['E04.680.300.500', 'E06.645.410', 'E06.721.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E04.545.550', 'E06.645.550'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.545.668', 'E04.555.130.550', 'E06.645.668'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Minocycline improves functional outcomes, memory deficits, and histopathology after endovascular perforation-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in significant long-lasting cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, evaluating acute and long-term outcomes after therapeutic intervention is important for clinical translation. The aim of this study was to use minocycline, a known neuroprotectant agent, to evaluate the long-term benefits in terms of neurobehavior and neuropathology after experimental SAH in rats, and to determine which neurobehavioral test would be effective for long-term evaluation. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=118). The animals were treated with intraperitoneal injection of minocycline (45 mg/kg or 135 mg/kg) or vehicle 1 h after SAH induction. In the short-term, animals were euthanized at 24 and 72 h for evaluation of neurobehavior, brain water content, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. In the long-term, neurobehavior was evaluated at days 21-28 post-SAH, and histopathological analysis was done at day 28. High-dose but not low-dose minocycline reduced brain water content at 24 h, and therefore only the high-dose regimen was used for further evaluation, which reduced MMP-9 activity at 24 h. Further, high-dose minocycline improved spatial memory and attenuated neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex. The rotarod, T-maze, and water maze tests, but not the inclined plane test, detected neurobehavioral deficits in SAH rats at days 21-28. This study demonstrates that minocycline attenuates long-term functional and morphological outcomes after endovascular perforation-induced SAH. Long-term neurobehavioral assessments using the rotarod, T-maze, and water maze tests could be useful to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic intervention after experimental SAH.

['Animals', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Minocycline', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Recovery of Function', 'Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']

[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.550', 'D04.615.562.900.550'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G16.757'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.800', 'C14.907.253.573.800', 'C23.550.414.913.850']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Blockade of eosinophil migration by 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibition in explanted guinea pig trachealis.

We studied the effects of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition with A63162 and cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin (INDO) on 1) eosinophil chemotaxis and 2) airway narrowing caused by 10(-6) M formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) in tracheal explants from guinea pigs. Airway narrowing was assessed by calibrated micrometry, and eosinophil migration from the lamina propria was expressed as number of eosinophils contained per 1 cm tracheal segment. After 120 min, treatment with fMLP caused an increase in luminal eosinophils from 6,804 +/- 1,786 to 303,347 +/- 75,609 cells (P < 0.001); airway diameter narrowed by 20.4 +/- 1.4%. In six preparations, A63162 inhibited airway narrowing caused by fMLP by 54.9 +/- 6.1%; INDO had a similar effect on airway diameter. However, maximal inhibition of eosinophil migration was greater after 10(-6) M A63162 (38,393 +/- 7,434 cells; P < 0.001 vs. fMLP alone) than after treatment with 10(-5) M INDO (123,547 +/- 19,499 cells; P < 0.05). We demonstrate a method that permits simultaneous measurements of eosinophil migration and airway smooth muscle contraction in a guinea pig tracheal explant preparation. Our data suggest that eosinophil chemotaxis and changes in internal airway diameter are caused by activation of both 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways and that cell migration is independent of the physical consequences of airway smooth muscle contraction.

['15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid', 'Acetamides', 'Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Eosinophils', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Indomethacin', 'Kinetics', 'Lipoxygenase Inhibitors', 'Male', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Phenyl Ethers', 'Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Trachea']

[['D01.248.497.158.685.750.744.650.500.500', 'D01.339.431.374.744.650.500.500', 'D01.650.550.750.700.650.500.500', 'D02.389.338.638.650.500.500', 'D10.251.355.255.550.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.700.630.500'], ['D02.065.064', 'D02.241.081.018.110'], ['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.583.500.055', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.500.020'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D27.505.519.389.480'], ['D02.886.030.676.450.440', 'D12.125.072.050.685.445', 'D12.125.142.666.500', 'D12.125.166.676.450.440', 'D12.644.456.400', 'D23.125.685'], ['D02.355.726', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.250', 'D23.469.700.630'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.800', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.800'], ['A04.889']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Pseudogout associated with the use of cyclical etidronate therapy.

Recently the use of etidronate in a cyclical fashion has been shown to be of value in the treatment of osteoporosis. Like all bisphosphonates etidronate is structurally similar to pyrophosphate, further it is also known to interfere with phosphate handling by the kidney resulting in elevated plasma phosphate levels. This report describes the case of a patient with established osteoporosis who developed pseudogout associated with cyclical etidronate use. The possible mechanism responsible for this is discussed.

['Aged', 'Chondrocalcinosis', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Etidronic Acid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.264', 'C05.550.354.125'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D02.705.429.500.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.198.579.610', 'C18.452.104.579.610']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Clonality and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland between 2012 and 2014.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global epidemic threat. The aim of this study was to determine which globally known MRSA lineages are currently present at our tertiary care hospital in Switzerland, a hospital with low MRSA prevalence. In light of the increasing prevalence of multi drug resistance including vancomycin resistance we also assessed antibiotic susceptibilities.METHODS: The 146 MRSA strains collected over two years (March 2012 until February 2014) at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, were analyzed by PFGE analysis of SmaI digests in combination with spa-typing. In addition, representative isolates were analyzed by multi locus sequence typing (MLST). Susceptibilities to eight antibiotics were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.RESULTS: Isolates showed resistance to erythromycin (48%), ciprofloxacin (43%), clindamycin (31%), tetracycline (22%), and gentamicin (16%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, 95% were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and rifampicin, respectively. PFGE analysis revealed 22 different patterns, with four major patterns that accounted for 53.4% of all MRSA isolates, and seven sporadic patterns. Spa typing revealed 50 different spa types with the predominant types being t008 (14%), t002 (10%), and t127 (9%). 82% of the MRSA isolates could be assigned to six clonal complexes (CCs) namely CC1 (10%), CC5 (23%), CC8 (18%), CC22 (17%), CC30 (11%), and CC45 (3%) based on spa-types, PFGE patterns, and MLST. Two isolates could not be typed by either PFGE analysis or spa-typing and three isolates had spa-types that have not yet been described.CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the two typing methods was more discriminatory as compared to the use of a single method. Several of the lineages that are predominant in Europe are present in our hospital. Resistances to antibiotics have decreased in comparison to a study conducted between 2004 and 2006.

['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Methicillin', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Switzerland']

[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.500', 'D02.886.108.750.500', 'D03.633.100.300.750.500'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['Z01.542.883']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Catecholamine-containing cells in the nerve plexus of the guinea pig gallbladder.

A population of catecholamine-containing cells, broadly belonging to the class of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, was observed in the ganglionated plexus and around blood vessels of the guinea pig gallbladder. Their morphological features were studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Some cells were closely associated with ganglion neurons within the ganglionated plexus. Others were clustered into small groups located along blood vessels. Counts carried out on the whole gallbladder showed that these cells varied greatly in number between individuals and that they were most numerous shortly after birth (on average 230 cells). In the adult, their average number was about 30.

['Animals', 'Catecholamines', 'Female', 'Gallbladder', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Iris', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Myenteric Plexus', 'Reserpine', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']

[['B01.050'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['A03.159.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A09.371.060.450', 'A09.371.894.513'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A08.800.050.050.500', 'A08.800.050.150.500', 'A08.800.800.060.500'], ['D03.132.436.681.933.500', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.933.500', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.933.500'], ['A08.800.050.800']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

The ultrastructure of tubular carcinoma of the breast.

The ultrastructure of four tubular carcinomas of the breast is described. The neoplastic tubules are single layered and lack a myo-epithelial component, an important feature in distinguishing tubular carcinoma from sclerosing adenosis. Numerous myo-fibroblasts are present in the stroma of all four tumours and, since cells of this type have been recorded only occasionally in the stroma of other types of breast carcinoma, it is suggested that they may be a characteristic feature of tubular carcinomas.

['Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Myofibrils']

[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.275', 'C04.557.470.200.240.187.250', 'C04.557.470.615.275'], ['A10.272'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.690.552.875', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.620', 'A11.620.249.850', 'A11.620.500.500']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Muscarinic receptors in isolated guinea pig pancreatic ducts.

Biochemical and pharmacological characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in isolated guinea pig pancreatic ducts were determined in the present study. Duct homogenates bound 6.82 +/- 0.69 fmol of [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS)/micrograms of DNA with a Kd of 0.73 +/- 0.05 nM. The density of [3H]NMS binding sites in the excretory ducts was seven times greater than that in acini from the same pancreases. Competition binding studies with atropine, pirenzepine, 11-[[2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-5,11-dihydro-6H- pyrido[2,3-b] [1,4]benzodiazepine-6-one (AF-DX 116), and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl piperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) indicated that both M2 and M3 subtypes of muscarinic receptors are present in these preparations of isolated pancreatic ducts. Electrophoretic analysis of [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard-labeled unreduced and reduced duct muscarinic receptors provided molecular mass estimates of 62.6 +/- 2.5 and 58.0 +/- 1.6 kDa, respectively. Deglycosylation of ductal muscarinic receptors with N-glycanase decreased their apparent molecular mass by approximately 4 kDa. These results demonstrate that isolated pancreatic ducts express both M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors, with the former subtype predominating.

['Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Molecular Weight', 'N-Methylscopolamine', 'Pancreatic Ducts', 'Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase', 'Piperidines', 'Propylbenzilylcholine Mustard', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Scopolamine Derivatives', 'Tritium']

[['D08.811.277.087'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.494'], ['D02.145.074.722.822.550', 'D03.132.889.601.550', 'D03.605.084.500.722.822.550', 'D03.605.869.822.550'], ['A03.734.667'], ['D08.811.277.087.725'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.720', 'D02.455.526.728.650.740', 'D02.675.276.232.720'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['D02.145.074.722.822', 'D03.132.889.601', 'D03.605.084.500.722.822', 'D03.605.869.822'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Endoscopic transpapillary drainage for external fistulas developing after surgical or radiological pancreatic interventions.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: External pancreatic fistulas (EPFs) are a therapeutic challenge. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic transpapillary nasopancreatic drainage (NPD) in patients with EPF.METHODS: Over 12 years, 23 patients (19 males) with EPF underwent attempted endoscopic transpapillary NPD. The end points were fistula closure with healing of pancreatic duct disruption on nasopancreatogram, or need for surgery.RESULTS: All 23 patients had persistent drain output (>50 mL/day) for >6 weeks. The mean output volume of the fistula was 223 mL (range: 60 mL to 750 mL). Sixteen patients had partial and seven patients had complete pancreatic duct disruption. The NPD could be successfully placed in 21/23 (91.3%) patients. Disruption was bridged in 15 of 16 patients with partial duct disruption. EPF healed in 2-8 weeks of placement of NPD in all of the patients with partial duct disruption that was bridged and there was no recurrence at a mean follow-up of 38 months. The EPF resolved in only 2/6 (33%) patients with complete duct disruption.CONCLUSIONS: External pancreatic fistulas developing following percutaneous drainage of pancreatic fluid collections or surgical necrosectomy can be effectively treated by transpapillary nasopancreatic drain placement especially when there is partial ductal disruption and the disruption can be bridged.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Drainage', 'Endoscopy, Digestive System', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pancreatic Fistula', 'Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography, Interventional', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E01.370.372.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250', 'E04.210.240', 'E04.502.250.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.267.775', 'C06.689.583', 'C23.300.575.185.775'], ['C06.689.750.650'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700.725', 'E04.502.780'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Factors associated with deciding between risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and ovarian cancer screening among high-risk women enrolled in GOG-0199: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

OBJECTIVES: Women at increased genetic risk of ovarian cancer (OC) are recommended to have risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) after completion of reproductive planning. Effective screening has not been established, and novel screening modalities are being evaluated.METHODS: Participants chose either RRSO or a novel OC screening regimen (OCS) as their risk management option, and provided demographic and other data on BRCA mutation status, cancer worry, perceived intervention risks/benefits, perceived cancer risk, and quality-of-life at enrollment. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate factors influencing decision between RRSO and OCS.RESULTS: Of 2287 participants enrolled, 904 (40%) chose RRSO and 1383 (60%) chose OCS. Compared with participants choosing OCS, participants choosing RRSO were older (p<0.0001), more likely to carry deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations (p<0.0001), perceive RRSO as effective, be more concerned about surgical harms and OCS limitations, and report higher perceived OC risk and OC-related worry. OCS participants were more likely to perceive screening as effective, be more concerned about menopausal symptoms, infertility, and loss of femininity, and report better overall quality-of-life. Twenty-four percent of participants believed they would definitely develop OC, and half estimated their lifetime OC risk as >50%, both higher than objective risk estimates.CONCLUSIONS: Cancer worry, BRCA1/2 mutation status, and perceived intervention-related risks and benefits were associated with choosing between RRSO and OCS. Efforts to promote individualized, evidence-based, shared medical decision-making among high-risk women facing management choices should focus on conveying accurate OC risk estimates, clarifying the current understanding of intervention-related benefits and limitations, and addressing OC worry.

['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Choice Behavior', 'Cohort Studies', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Genes, BRCA1', 'Genes, BRCA2', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Mutation', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Ovariectomy', 'Perception', 'Prophylactic Surgical Procedures', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk', 'Risk Reduction Behavior', 'Salpingectomy']

[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.390.500'], ['N01.824.196'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.100', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.105', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.105'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E04.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['F01.145.699'], ['E04.950.300.715']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']

Unified approach to partition functions of RNA secondary structures.

RNA secondary structure formation is a field of considerable biological interest as well as a model system for understanding generic properties of heteropolymer folding. This system is particularly attractive because the partition function and thus all thermodynamic properties of RNA secondary structure ensembles can be calculated numerically in polynomial time for arbitrary sequences and homopolymer models admit analytical solutions. Such solutions for many different aspects of the combinatorics of RNA secondary structure formation share the property that the final solution depends on differences of statistical weights rather than on the weights alone. Here, we present a unified approach to a large class of problems in the field of RNA secondary structure formation. We prove a generic theorem for the calculation of RNA folding partition functions. Then, we show that this approach can be applied to the study of the molten-native transition, denaturation of RNA molecules, as well as to studies of the glass phase of random RNA sequences.

['Algorithms', 'Base Pairing', 'Models, Chemical', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA', 'Thermodynamics']

[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.820.486.100', 'G02.111.611.500', 'G05.360.580.100'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G01.906']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Chemotactic signals induce cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Experiments carried out with the aid of cellophane membranes demonstrate that the morphogenetic block of certain nonaggregating, "aggregateless," mutants may be overcome by diffusible factors excreted by aggregating wild-type cells. The same differentiation process into aggregation-competent cell is observed if mutant amoebae are subjected to external 3':5'-cAMP pulses imposed at 5 min intervals. Wild-type amoebae also respond to cAMP pulses, since the onset of differentiation is more precocious in pulsed than in unpulsed populations. These data suggest that chemotactic signals act as an inducer of cell differentiation.

['Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Cell Aggregation', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Chemotaxis', 'Contact Inhibition', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Dictyostelium', 'Edetic Acid', 'Mutation', 'Myxomycetes']

[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.180', 'D13.695.667.138.180', 'D13.695.827.068.180'], ['G04.198.251'], ['G04.152'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['G04.383'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.046.550.550']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']

Influence of nongelling hydrocolloids on the gelation of agarose.

The combination of different gelling and nongelling hydrocolloids is known to yield complex systems with a wide range of mechanical properties. Here, the influence of the nongelling hydrocolloids sodium-alginate and xanthan on the gelation of agarose is investigated. The two polyelectrolytes differ significantly in their flexibility, leading to opposing effects on the thermomechanical properties of the resulting composite gels. The network structure of the agarose as well as viscoelasticity, gelling temperature, and thermal stability of the gels are altered. These properties are investigated by strain and temperature dependent oscillatory rheological measurements as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy. A phenomenological model to describe the network formation of agarose in the presence of alginate or xanthan respectively is presented.

['Alginates', 'Colloids', 'Glucuronic Acid', 'Hexuronic Acids', 'Models, Molecular', 'Particle Size', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Sepharose', 'Surface Properties']

[['D09.698.068'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.249', 'D02.241.152.811.162.500', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.500', 'D09.811.922.162.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.400', 'D02.241.152.811.400', 'D02.241.511.902.915.400', 'D09.811.922.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.712'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['D09.698.813'], ['G02.860']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Long-term phenotypic, functional and genetic stability of cancer-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) alphabeta genes transduced to CD8+ T cells.

In adoptive T-cell transfer as an intervention for malignant diseases, retroviral transfer of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes derived from CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones provides an opportunity to generate a large number of T cells with the same antigen specificity. We cloned the TCR-alphabeta genes from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A(*)2402-restricted CTL clone specific for MAGE-A4(143-151). The TCR-alphabeta genes were transduced to 99.2% of non-TCR expressing SupT1, a human T-cell line, and to 12.7-32.6% of polyclonally activated CD8(+) T cells by retroviral transduction. As expected, TCR-alphabeta gene-modified CD8(+) T cells showed cytotoxic activity and interferon-gamma production in response to peptide-loaded T2-A(*)2402 and tumor cell lines expressing both MAGE-A4 and HLA-A(*)2402. A total of 24 clones were established from TCR-alphabeta gene-transduced peripheral blood mononuclear cells and all clones were functional on a transduced TCR-dependent manner. Four clones were kept in culture over 6 months for analyses in detail. The transduced TCR-alphabeta genes were stably maintained phenotypically, functionally and genetically. Our results indicate that TCR-transduced alphabeta T cells by retroviral transduction represent an efficient and promising strategy for adoptive T-cell transfer for long term.

['Adoptive Transfer', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic', 'Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha', 'Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Melanoma', 'Retroviridae', 'T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity', 'Time', 'Transduction, Genetic']

[['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050', 'E05.478.550.520.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.220'], ['E01.370.225.812.160', 'E05.200.812.160', 'E05.478.594.160', 'E05.940.245'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.475.050'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.475.080'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['G12.450.900'], ['G01.910'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']

5-HT receptor types in the rat ileum longitudinal muscle: focus on 5-HT2 receptors mediating contraction.

The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor(s) that mediate(s) contraction of the rat ileum longitudinal muscle was studied. 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT equipotently induced contractions, whereas 5-methoxytryptamine and 2-methyl-5-HT (partial agonist) were less potent; this rank order of potency suggests involvement of a 5-HT2 receptor. Neither tetrodotoxin nor atropine affected the contraction to 5-HT, suggesting a smooth muscle localization of these 5-HT2 receptors. The presence of either a selective 5-HT2B (SB 204741), 5-HT3 (granisetron) or 5-HT4 (SB 204070) antagonist, slightly affected the contractions to 5-HT. Thus, they were also included in the organ bath solution in all subsequent experiments in order to pharmacologically isolate the main contractile component. Using (if possible) 5-HT2A receptor-selective concentrations, ketanserin, ritanserin, metergoline, spiperone, mianserin, methiothepin, mesulergine, methysergide and cisapride all inhibited the contractions to 5-HT, causing a depression of the curve to 5-HT (i.e. surmountable antagonism was not observed with any of the above agents). Comparison of the affinities of these compounds for the various 5-HT2 receptor subtypes revealed that the receptor involved in the contractions to 5-HT most closely resembles the 5-HT2A receptor. However, cinanserin at a concentration expected to inhibit 5-HT2A receptor-mediated effects, failed to affect the contractions to 5-HT. It is thus concluded that on the longitudinal smooth muscle of the rat ileum, at least a part of the contraction to 5-HT is mediated by 5-HT receptors resembling the 5-HT2A receptor subtype.

['5-Methoxytryptamine', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Ileum', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ketanserin', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Antagonists']

[['D02.092.211.215.801.852.611', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814.400'], ['B01.050'], ['G10.261.360'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['E05.481'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.200.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800.200.150', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800.200.150', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.200.150'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Diffuse malignant leptomeningeal gliomatosis in a child: a case report and review of the literature.

Diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis is a rare condition characterized by glioma in the leptomeninges without a dominant mass lesion. The difficulty in diagnosis of this condition, its rarity. and its extensive nature have hampered its successful treatment. Most cases of primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis have occurred in adults. Reported here is a case of this condition in a 9-year-old girl; to the authors' knowledge, she is the youngest patient with diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis and the longest survivor of the malignant variety.

['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cranial Irradiation', 'Female', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy Dosage']

[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.815.190'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['E02.815.639']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Primary syphilis of oral mucosa: case report of an unusual manifestation.

Dental clinicians and other health care providers have long been concerned about a variety of infectious agents that may be transmitted within the dental setting. Many infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and syphilis are important both because of their potential transmissibility and because the first manifestations of the disease may appear in the oral cavity. Oral disease as a consequence of primary syphilis is rare. This article details a patient presenting with a labial nodule as her only clinical manifestation of undiagnosed primary syphilis.

['Adolescent', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lip Diseases', 'Syphilis']

[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.465.409'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.840.500', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500', 'C01.150.252.734.859', 'C01.221.812.281.859', 'C01.778.281.859', 'C12.294.668.281.859', 'C13.351.500.711.281.859']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Surveillance of surgical site infections by surgeons: biased underreporting or useful epidemiological data?

Surgical site infections (SSIs) significantly increase post-operative morbidity and mortality. SSI surveillance is an established monitoring tool and reduces SSI rates. The purpose of this study was to compare prospective in-hospital SSI surveillance (I) by the surgical staff and (II) additionally by an infection control team (ICT). The reference method (III) was defined by data generated by the surgical team, supplemented by the ICT and completed by post-discharge surveillance with a post-operative follow-up of one year representing the sum of all available resources. During 24 months, all consecutive inpatient procedures (N=6283) were prospectively recorded by the surgical staff until patients' discharge (I). SSI rates were compared with the surveillance performed by the ICT (II) and with the reference method (III). The overall SSI rate (reference method) was 4.7% (N=293), of which 187 (63.8%) were detected in-hospital and 106 (36.2%) after discharge. (I) The surgical staff detected 91/187 (48.7%) of in-hospital SSIs [91/293 (31.0%) of the reference], (II) the ICT an additional 96/187 (51.3%) during hospitalisation [96/293 (32.8%) of the reference]. Further cross-checking as performed in the visceral surgery department increased the surgeons' detection rate (I) to 59/105 (56.2%) of in-hospital SSIs [59/147 (40.1%) of the reference]. SSI surveillance by the surgical staff detects almost half of all in-hospital SSIs and has the potential to increase the detection rate by simple interventions such as cross-checking. Such a relatively inexpensive surveillance system is an option for hospitals without an ICT or for low risk surgical procedures. Moreover, trends in SSI rates can easily be detected, allowing early intervention.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross Infection', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infection Control', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physicians', 'Surgical Wound Infection']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.780.200.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']

CCK-A receptors mediate the effect of cholecystokinin on vasopressin but not on cortisol in pigs.

Bolus intravenous injections of cholecystokinin (CCK) octapeptide induce a rapid rise in plasma vasopressin and a later increase in cortisol in the prepubertal pig. To determine whether these endocrine responses involve CCK-A or CCK-B receptors, this experiment investigated the effect of CCK (1 microgram/kg) in pigs (n = 7) pretreated with the CCK-A antagonist L 364718 (70 microgram/kg) or the CCK-B antagonist L 365260 (10 ng/kg and 10 micrograms/kg). The animals were prepared with jugular vein catheters and given the antagonist vehicle, L 364718, or L 365260 10 min before administration of CCK or saline. Analysis of hormone concentrations in blood samples taken 2, 5, 10, and 20 min after the second injection indicated that an abrupt rise in vasopressin, detectable within 2 min of CCK administration, occurred after vehicle or L 365260 pretreatment but not when CCK was preceded by L 364718. In contrast, the rise in plasma cortisol that was observed approximately 15 min after CCK injection was not prevented by either antagonist. Thus peripherally administered CCK induces vasopressin release by CCK-A receptor activation, in agreement with its inhibitory effect on food intake in this species. However, the effect of CCK on cortisol secretion does not appear to involve either CCK-A or CCK-B receptors.

['Animals', 'Benzodiazepinones', 'Cholecystokinin', 'Devazepide', 'Female', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Lypressin', 'Male', 'Phenylurea Compounds', 'Receptors, Cholecystokinin', 'Swine', 'Vasopressins']

[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070'], ['D06.472.317.152', 'D12.644.120'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.200'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.400', 'D12.644.400.900.400', 'D12.644.456.925.480', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.400', 'D12.776.631.650.937.400'], ['D02.065.950.681', 'D02.455.426.559.389.703'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.170', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.270', 'D12.776.543.750.750.360.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Cytology and immunocytochemistry of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

A study of the value of cytologic examination in the diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma showed that fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a definitive means of making the diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. In experienced hands, FNA cytology approached a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. With exfoliative cytology, technically adequate sputum samples offered an 82% diagnostic yield; sputum cytology should thus be considered as an adjunct method in establishing the diagnosis. Several cytologic features that strongly suggest the diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and help to differentiate it from adenocarcinomas of other body sites are outlined. It is also concluded that immunocytochemical stains have limited value in differentiating bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and other types of clear cell malignant neoplasms, including mesothelioma, unless a panel of antibodies is used, and are of no value in ascertaining whether the cells are benign or malignant.

['Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Body Fluids', 'Bronchi', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Sputum', 'Therapeutic Irrigation']

[['C04.557.470.200.025.022.500', 'C04.588.894.797.520.055.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['A12.207'], ['A04.411.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A12.200.808'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Mechanical behaviour of umbrella-shaped, Ni-Ti memory alloy femoral head support device during implant operation: a finite element analysis study.

A new instrument used for treating femoral head osteonecrosis was recently proposed: the umbrella-shaped, Ni-Ti memory femoral head support device. The device has an efficacy rate of 82.35%. Traditional radiographic study provides limited information about the mechanical behaviour of the support device during an implant operation. Thus, this study proposes a finite element analysis method, which includes a 3-step formal head model construction scheme and a unique material assignment strategy for evaluating mechanical behaviour during an implant operation. Four different scenarios with different constraints, initial positions and bone qualities are analyzed using the simulation method. The max radium of the implanted device was consistent with observation data, which confirms the accuracy of the proposed method. To ensure that the device does not unexpectedly open and puncture the femoral head, the constraint on the impact device should be strong. The initial position of sleeve should be in the middle to reduce the damage to the decompression channel. The operation may fail because of poor bone quality caused by severe osteoporosis. The proposed finite element analysis method has proven to be an accurate tool for studying the mechanical behaviour of umbrella-shaped, Ni-Ti memory alloy femoral head support device during an implant operation. The 3-step construct scheme can be implemented with any kind of bone structure meshed with multiple element types.

['Computer Simulation', 'Femur Head', 'Femur Head Necrosis', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Nickel', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Titanium']

[['L01.224.160'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.343'], ['C05.116.852.175', 'C23.550.717.732.368'], ['E05.355'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]

['Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Resting state electroencephalographic correlates with red cell long-chain fatty acids, memory performance and age in adolescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Abnormal fatty acid status has been implicated in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Delayed maturation in ADHD may result in raised frontal low frequency (theta) electroencephalographic activity (EEG) and a reduction in posterior high frequency (beta, alpha) activity. The current study used sequential linear regression to investigate the association between age, resting-state EEG and levels of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in red blood cells in 46 adolescent boys with ADHD symptoms. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were positively associated with fast frequency activity: alpha during eyes-open and beta during eyes-closed conditions. Frontal theta activity during both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions was inversely associated with age and positively associated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels. Alpha activity correlated positively with performance on fluency for categories (semantic memory). Theta activity correlated inversely with performance on delayed (25 min) verbal memory (recall + recognition/2). No associations were observed between long-chain omega-6 and EEG measures. Results support differential associations for DHA and EPA with fast and slow EEG activity respectively. Results support EEG activity as an objective biomarker of neural function associated with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in ADHD.

['Adolescent', 'Attention', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Eicosapentaenoic Acid', 'Electroencephalography', 'Erythrocytes', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-3', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-6', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Rest']

[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.385', 'D10.251.355.255.200', 'D10.251.355.337.290', 'D10.627.430.450.390'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D10.212.302.380.410', 'D10.251.355.337', 'D10.627.430.450'], ['D10.251.355.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F04.711.513'], ['I03.450.769.647']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Rapid and high-resolution detection of IgH gene rearrangements using PCR and melting curve analysis.

The analytical methods of Southern blot hybridization (SBH) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) are fundamental for detecting IgH gene rearrangement. However, there are problems stemming from the characteristics of both methods; especially, the long turn around time (TAT) because of the complex process in the SBH, and the low analytical sensitivity for amplicons in the PCR. Thus, to improve the PCR procedure, we investigated the application of detecting the clonal amplicons based on the different melting Temperature (T(m)) in internal melting domains corresponding to the CDR3 hypervariable region. Our new protocol is based on the combination of a LightCycler Technology with high-speed amplification, and Idaho-Technology with rapid and high-resolution melting curve analysis (MCA), designated PCR-MCA. This method can provide the results within 3 h with an analytical sensitivity of 10(-3). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity relative to the results documented with the SBH analysis were 89.2% and 100%, respectively. This indicates that the new protocol of PCR-MCA is acceptable for clinical testing; especially, PCR-MCA is relevant in terms of the rapid and sensitive detection of IgH clonality within amplicons.

['Blotting, Southern', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Leukemia', 'Lymphoproliferative Disorders', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']

[['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G05.344.401.501', 'G12.500.274.501'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C15.604.515', 'C20.683.515'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

Fibroblast growth factor-2 mRNA expression in the brainstem and spinal cord of normal and chronic spinally transected urodeles.

Descending pathways in the spinal cord of adult urodele amphibians show a high regenerative ability after body spinal cord transection; regenerated axons regrow into the transected spinal cord, and hindlimb locomotor recovery occurs spontaneously. Little is currently known about the molecular basis of spinal cord regeneration in urodeles, but it is believed that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) may play an important role by inducing proliferation of neural progenitor cells. The aim of our study, using in situ hybridization in adult Pleurodeles waltlii, was twofold: 1) to document FGF2 mRNA expression pattern along the brainstem-spinal cord of intact salamanders and 2) to investigate the changes in this pattern in animals unable to display hindlimb locomotor movements and in animals having fully recovered hindlimb locomotor activity after body spinal cord transection. This design establishes a firm basis for further studies on the role of FGF2 in functional recovery of hindlimb locomotion. Our results revealed a decreasing rostrocaudal gradient in FGF2 mRNA expression along the brainstem-spinal cord in intact animals. They further demonstrated a long-lasting up-regulation of FGF2 mRNA expression in response to spinal transection at the midtrunk level, both in brainstem and in the spinal cord below the injury. Finally, double immunolabeling showed that FGF2 was up-regulated in neuroglial, presumably undifferentiated, cells. Therefore, we propose that FGF2 may be involved in cell proliferation and/or neuronal differentiation after body spinal cord transection in salamander and could thus play an important role in functional recovery of locomotion after spinal lesion.

['Animals', 'Axotomy', 'Brain Stem', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neuroglia', 'Neurons', 'Pleurodeles', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recovery of Function', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']

[['B01.050'], ['E04.525.210.158'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.608.700.540'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G16.757'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']

Neural circuits in the mouse retina support color vision in the upper visual field.

Color vision is essential for an animal's survival. It starts in the retina, where signals from different photoreceptor types are locally compared by neural circuits. Mice, like most mammals, are dichromatic with two cone types. They can discriminate colors only in their upper visual field. In the corresponding ventral retina, however, most cones display the same spectral preference, thereby presumably impairing spectral comparisons. In this study, we systematically investigated the retinal circuits underlying mouse color vision by recording light responses from cones, bipolar and ganglion cells. Surprisingly, most color-opponent cells are located in the ventral retina, with rod photoreceptors likely being involved. Here, the complexity of chromatic processing increases from cones towards the retinal output, where non-linear center-surround interactions create specific color-opponent output channels to the brain. This suggests that neural circuits in the mouse retina are tuned to extract color from the upper visual field, aiding robust detection of predators and ensuring the animal's survival.

['Animals', 'Color Vision', 'Electroporation', 'Female', 'Light', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Retina', 'Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells', 'Visual Fields', 'Visual Pathways']

[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.816.964.124', 'G11.561.790.964.124', 'G14.935.124'], ['E05.200.500.454', 'E05.242.448', 'E05.301.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.100', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.100', 'A08.800.950.937.670.100', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.100', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.100', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.100'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950'], ['A08.612.220.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']

MicroRNA-520b affects the proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by directly targeting cyclin D1.

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of most common tumors in humans. However, the biological processes and molecular mechanisms of GBM are still unclear. It is known that microRNA-520b (miR-520b) participates in the development of various tumor progressions. The present study was to evaluate the level of miR-520b in GBM tissues and cells. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms of miR-520b in U87 and U251 cell lines. Here, our data showed that the expression levels of miR-520b were significantly reduced in clinical GBM tissues and cell lines. Accordingly, the expression levels of cyclin D1 were significantly increased in clinical GBM tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-520b in U87 and U251 cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis. Further study characterized the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of cyclin D1 gene as a direct target of miR-520b in U87 and U251 cells as determined by luciferase reporter assays. In addition, ectopic expression of miR-520b led to the down-regulation of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-Rb, a downstream effector of cyclin D1), while the overexpression of cyclin D1 reversed the miR-520b-induced inhibition of p-Rb expression. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of miR-520b in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of GBM by directly targeting cyclin D1, and miR-520b may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM.

['Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cyclin D1', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']

[['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.100', 'D12.776.167.218.150.100', 'D12.776.476.262.150.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.100'], ['G05.308.370'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']

Outcome of community-acquired pneumonia: influence of age, residence status and antimicrobial treatment.

Community-acquired pneumonia remains a major cause of mortality in developed countries. There is much discrepancy in the literature regarding factors influencing the outcome in the elderly population. Data were derived from a multicentre prospective study initiated by the German Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (n = 2,647; 1,298 aged < 65 yrs and 1,349 aged > or = 65 yrs) were evaluated, of whom 72.3% were hospitalised and 27.7% treated in the community. Clinical history, residence status, course of disease and antimicrobial treatment were prospectively documented. Microbiological investigations included cultures and PCR of respiratory samples and blood cultures. Factors related to mortality were included in multivariate analyses. The overall 30-day mortality was 6.3%. Elderly patients exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate that was independently associated with the following: age; residence status; confusion, urea, respiratory frequency and blood pressure (CURB) score; comorbid conditions; and failure of initial therapy. Increasing age remained predictive of death in the elderly. Nursing home residents showed a four-fold increased mortality rate and an increased rate of gram-negative bacillary infections compared with patients dwelling in the community. The CURB score and cerebrovascular disease were confirmed as independent predictors of death in this subgroup. Age and residence status are independent risk factors for mortality after controlling for comorbid conditions and disease severity. Failure of initial therapy was the only modifiable prognostic factor.

['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Cross Infection', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Homes', 'Pneumonia', 'Prospective Studies', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Risk Factors']

[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.234'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Perceptual Styles and Cannabis Consumption Prediction in Young People.

Given that risk perception has been found to be both a vulnerability and a protective factor with respect to consumption, the objectives of this study were to find out whether there exist specific patterns of risk perception associated with cannabis use and, if so, how they relate to cannabis consumption and to the sources of information on drugs accessed by young people. An ex post facto study was carried out with 1851 young Andalusians aged 18 to 29, using an adaptation of the Andalusian Government "Andalusian Population versus Drugs" survey. For the first objective, a cluster analysis was carried out in which three perceptual style groups were formed: "Strict", "Permissive-Awareness" and "Lax". Cannabis use in the "lax" group was found to be 14.31 times more frequent than in the "strict" group and 2.75 times more frequent than in the "permissive-awareness" group. A logistic regression analysis was also performed, which correctly predicted 80.4% of users and non-consumers. Correlation was found between perceptual styles and the sources of information used about drugs. This study identified three different risk perception styles that heavily correlated to cannabis consumption and to the type of sources young Andalusians use to obtain information about drugs, suggesting the need for a change in preventive policy.

['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Adult', 'Cannabis', 'Consumer Health Information', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Marijuana Use', 'Perception', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychology, Adolescent', 'Risk-Taking', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.055.500'], ['I02.233.332.186', 'N02.421.726.407.229'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['F01.145.610', 'F03.900.643'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F04.096.628.065'], ['F01.145.722'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Antibacterial effect of microvesicles released from human neutrophilic granulocytes.

Cell-derived vesicles represent a recently discovered mechanism for intercellular communication. We investigated their potential role in interaction of microbes with host organisms. We provide evidence that different stimuli induced isolated neutrophilic granulocytes to release microvesicles with different biologic properties. Only opsonized particles initiated the formation of microvesicles that were able to impair bacterial growth. The antibacterial effect of neutrophil-derived microvesicles was independent of production of toxic oxygen metabolites and opsonization or engulfment of the microbes, but depended on â(2) integrin function, continuous actin remodeling, and on the glucose supply. Neutrophil-derived microvesicles were detected in the serum of healthy donors, and their number was significantly increased in the serum of bacteremic patients. We propose a new extracellular mechanism to restrict bacterial growth and dissemination.

['Adult', 'Bacteremia', 'Cell-Derived Microparticles', 'Chemokine CXCL12', 'Chemotactic Factors', 'Cytoplasmic Vesicles', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Humans', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Neutrophils', 'Opsonin Proteins', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

[Influence of novel surface treatment of ITO anodes on the performance of OLED].

The influences of surface treatments of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anodes on the performance of OLED devices were investigated. This surface treatment is mechanical processes using a novel nanometer powder. Their surface morphology was measured by scanning using an AFM (atomic force microscope). The number and size of spike was reduced and regulation of ITO was enhanced; brightness and efficiency of devices were obviously increased. This novel way for ITO surface treatment by mechanical processes was proven to be effective.

['Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Nanostructures', 'Powders', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surface Properties', 'Tin Compounds']

[['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D26.255.779'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.935']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Tay-Sachs disease in Jacob sheep.

Autopsy studies of four Jacob sheep dying within their first 6-8 months of a progressive neurodegenerative disorder suggested the presence of a neuronal storage disease. Lysosomal enzyme studies of brain and liver from an affected animal revealed diminished activity of hexosaminidase A (Hex A) measured with an artificial substrate specific for this component of â-hexosaminidase. Absence of Hex A activity was confirmed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Brain lipid analyses demonstrated the presence of increased concentrations of G(M2)-ganglioside and asialo-G(M2)-ganglioside. The hexa cDNA of Jacob sheep was cloned and sequenced revealing an identical number of nucleotides and exons as in human HexA and 86% homology in nucleotide sequence. A missense mutation was found in the hexa cDNA of the affected sheep caused by a single nucleotide change at the end of exon 11 resulting in skipping of exon 11. Transfection of normal sheep hexa cDNA into COS1 cells and human Hex A-deficient cells led to expression of Hex S but no increase in Hex A indicating absence of cross-species dimerization of sheep Hex á-subunit with human Hex â-subunits. Using restriction site analysis, the heterozygote frequency of this mutation in Jacob sheep was determined in three geographically separate flocks to average 14%. This large naturally occurring animal model of Tay-Sachs disease is the first to offer promise as a means for trials of gene therapy applicable to human infants.

['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Brain Chemistry', 'COS Cells', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'G(M2) Ganglioside', 'Heterozygote', 'Hexosaminidase A', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'N-Acetylneuraminic Acid', 'Point Mutation', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Sheep', 'Sheep Diseases', 'Tay-Sachs Disease', 'Transfection', 'beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases']

[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D09.400.410.420.025.475.400', 'D10.390.470.025.475.400', 'D10.570.877.360.025.475.400'], ['G05.380.383'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.180.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.458'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668.050', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.050', 'D09.067.687.668.030', 'D09.811.589.668.030'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C22.836'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.300.300.500', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.300.300.500', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.350.300.850', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.300.300.840', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.300.300.500', 'C18.452.584.687.803.350.300.850', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.300.300.500', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.350.300.850', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.300.300.840'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.180']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']

Sex-specific maternofetal innate immune responses triggered by group B Streptococci.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated in human chorioamnionitis, which is a major risk factor for premature birth and brain injuries. Males are at greater risk than females for developing lifelong neurobehavioural disorders, although the origins of this sex bias remain poorly understood. We previously showed that end-gestational inflammation triggered by GBS led to early neurodevelopmental impairments mainly in the male rat progeny. Identifying key inflammatory players involved in maternofetal immune activation by specific pathogens is critical to develop appropriate novel therapeutic interventions. We aimed to map out the GBS-induced profile of innate immune biomarkers in the maternal-placental-fetal axis, and to compare this immune profile between male and female tissues. We describe here that the GBS-induced immune signalling involved significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1â, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1/CXCL1) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) infiltration in male compared to female maternofetal tissues. Although male - but not female - fetuses presented increased levels of IL-1â, fetuses from both sexes in-utero exposed to GBS had increased levels of TNF-á in their circulation. Levels of IL-1â detected in fetal sera correlated positively with the levels found in maternal circulation. Here, we report for the first time that the maternofetal innate immune signalling induced by GBS presents a sexually dichotomous profile, with more prominent inflammation in males than females. These sex-specific placental and fetal pro-inflammatory responses are in keeping with the higher susceptibility of the male population for preterm birth, brain injuries and neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders.

['Animals', 'Chorioamnionitis', 'Female', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Weight Gain']

[['B01.050'], ['C13.703.277.030', 'C13.703.420.339.260', 'C13.703.590.268', 'C16.300.030'], ['G12.450.564'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['D23.469'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['G08.686.815'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Wise Anaerobic Work Station: an evaluation.

The Wise Anaerobic Work Station permitted the growth of type cultures of a range of fastidious obligate anaerobes. In the isolation of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens the performance equalled that of a standard anaerobic jar incubated for 48 hours, and gave results superior to those obtained when incubation of jar cultures was interrupted at 24 hours. The Wise Anaerobic Work Station was easy to use and provided comfortable working conditions; running largely on industrial nitrogen, it was more economic than anaerobic cabinets or jars using conventional gas mixtures.

['Bacteria, Anaerobic', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pregnancy']

[['B03.130'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G08.686.784.769']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension associated with nodular pulmonary infiltrates and portal venous thrombosis.

A case of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is associated with portal venous thrombosis. The patient's chest roentgenogram revealed numerous nodular densities which at necropsy were found to have been caused by an exuberant fibroblastic reaction around small pulmonary arterioles. This is an example of the unusual association of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and portal venous thrombosis, and to our knowledge, the first report of roentgenographically visible pulmonary nodules secondary to the pathologic alterations of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.

['Adolescent', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Lung Diseases', 'Portal Vein', 'Radiography', 'Thrombosis']

[['M01.060.057'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['C08.381'], ['A07.015.908.670.567'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C14.907.355.830']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Grading of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus: substantial interobserver variation between general and gastrointestinal pathologists.

AIMS: To determine interobserver variation in grading of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus (BO) between non-expert general pathologists and expert gastrointestinal pathologists on the one hand and between expert pathologists on the other hand.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective multicentre study, non-expert and expert pathologists graded biopsy specimens of 920 patients with endoscopic BO, which were blindly reviewed by one member of a panel of expert pathologists (panel experts) and by a second panel expert in case of disagreement on dysplasia grade. Agreement between two of three pathologists was established as the final diagnosis. Analysis was performed by kappa statistics. Due to absence of intestinal metaplasia, 127/920 (14%) patients were excluded. The interobserver agreement for dysplasia [no dysplasia (ND) versus indefinite for dysplasia/low-grade dysplasia (IND/LGD) versus high-grade dysplasia (HGD)/adenocarcinoma (AC)] between non-experts and first panel experts and between initial experts and first panel experts was fair (kappa = 0.24 and kappa = 0.27, respectively), and substantial for differentiation of HGD/AC from ND/IND/LGD (kappa = 0.62 and kappa = 0.58, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable interobserver variability in the interpretation of ND or IND/LGD in BO between non-experts and experts, but also between expert pathologists. This suggests that less subjective markers are needed to determine the risk of developing AC in BO.

['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Barrett Esophagus', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Expert Testimony', 'Female', 'Gastroenterology', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Netherlands', 'Observer Variation', 'Pathology', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Prospective Studies', 'Single-Blind Method']

[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.834.154', 'C06.405.117.102'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['H02.403.429.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['H02.403.650'], ['C04.834'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Spider Dragline Silk from Black Widows: A Recipe to Build Synthetic Silk Fibers.

The outstanding material properties of spider dragline silk fibers have been attributed to two spidroins, major ampullate spidroins 1 and 2 (MaSp1 and MaSp2). Although dragline silk fibers have been treated with different chemical solvents to elucidate the relationship between protein structure and fiber mechanics, there has not been a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the major ampullate (MA) gland, its spinning dope, and dragline silk using a wide range of chaotropic agents, inorganic salts, and fluorinated alcohols to elucidate their complete molecular constituents. In these studies, we perform in-solution tryptic digestions of solubilized MA glands, spinning dope and dragline silk fibers using five different solvents, followed by nano liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis with an Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™. To improve protein identification, we employed three different tryptic peptide fragmentation modes, which included collision-induced dissociation (CID), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), and high energy collision dissociation (HCD) to discover proteins involved in the silk assembly pathway and silk fiber. In addition to MaSp1 and MaSp2, we confirmed the presence of a third spidroin, aciniform spidroin 1 (AcSp1), widely recognized as the major constituent of wrapping silk, as a product of dragline silk. Our findings also reveal that MA glands, spinning dope, and dragline silk contain at least seven common proteins: three members of the Cysteine-Rich Protein Family (CRP1, CRP2 and CRP4), cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3), fasciclin and two uncharacterized proteins. In summary, this study provides a proteomic blueprint to construct synthetic silk fibers that most closely mimic natural fibers.

['Animals', 'Arthropod Proteins', 'Black Widow Spider', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Fibroins', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Silk', 'Solvents', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.093'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.803.200'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D05.750.078.875.500', 'D12.776.093.750.500'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['D05.750.078.875', 'D12.776.093.750'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.566.880']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Genistein induces apoptosis in immature human thymocytes by inhibiting topoisomerase-II.

The toxicity of genistein, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases and topoisomerase-II, on human thymocytes was investigated. Genistein induced marked chromatin fragmentation indicative of apoptosis in human thymocyte cultures. Genistein-induced thymocyte apoptosis is unlikely due to an inhibition of basal tyrosine kinase activity, since another tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, does not induce thymocyte apoptosis, whereas other topoisomerase-II inhibitors do. The thymocyte subpopulation most sensitive to genistein-induced apoptosis exhibited a CD3-CD4+CD8+ phenotype. This subpopulation of thymocytes is also sensitive to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis; however, differences between genistein- and glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis were noted. In particular, unlike glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, genistein-induced apoptosis does not involve changes in [Ca2+]i and cannot be blocked by activation of protein kinase C.

['Apoptosis', 'Benzoquinones', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatin', 'DNA Damage', 'Etoposide', 'Genistein', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Infant', 'Isoflavones', 'Kinetics', 'Lactams, Macrocyclic', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Novobiocin', 'Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Quinones', 'Rifabutin', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Thymus Gland', 'Time Factors', 'Topoisomerase II Inhibitors']

[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.806.250'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['G05.200'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.375', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.065.589.327', 'D04.345.295'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.139.500', 'D03.633.100.150.446.139.500', 'D09.408.554'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D02.806'], ['D03.633.400.811.650', 'D04.345.295.750.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D27.505.519.389.892.750', 'D27.505.954.248.794.750']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']

A retrospective clinical study of wide-diameter implants used in posterior edentulous areas.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine retrospectively the outcome of wide-diameter dental implants used to retain fixed restorations in the posterior segments of the maxilla and mandible.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients were consecutively treated between 1997 and 2000 with 78 Wide-Platform (WP) Mk II implants in the posterior regions of the maxilla and/or mandible. All treated patients were called for a retrospective examination between September and November 2001. At the examination, data regarding general health and clinical and radiographic parameters were collected according to a strict protocol. Thirty-four women and 18 men with a mean age of 55 years (range 19 to 81 years) participated. Twenty-three WP implants were placed in the maxilla and 55 in the mandible. The mean time in situ was 33 months (range of 11 to 58 months).RESULTS: Of 78 implants, 8 had been lost by the time of reexamination. Five women lost 1 implant each in the maxilla, and 2 men lost 3 implants in the mandible. The survival rate was 89.8%.DISCUSSION: The results are encouraging because the WP implants were placed in rather unfavorable situations (generally poor bone quality, compromised bone volume, and larger occlusal forces).CONCLUSION: Based on the reported survival rate, wide-diameter implants present an acceptable treatment alternative.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Denture, Partial, Fixed', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous, Partially', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['E06.780.346.706', 'E07.695.190.185'], ['E06.323.400', 'E06.780.346.725'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.271', 'E07.695.190.200.220.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.500.480.450', 'C07.320.550.450', 'C07.465.550.425.450', 'C07.793.597.425.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

Prevalence and factors associated with chronic wounds in older adults in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of pressure injuries, diabetic and vasculogenic ulcers and associated factors in older adults attended in primary care.METHOD: A cross-sectional, analytical study with older adults attended in the Family Health Strategy in a Brazilian municipality. Data collection was performed from January to March 2016 using interviews and evaluations of injuries. The variables were submitted to the multivariate logistic regression model using the odds ratio, with their respective 95% confidence intervals and significance set at <0.05.RESULTS: 339 older adults participated in the study. The mean age was 71.1 years, 67.3% were female, 44% were illiterate, 85% had low family income, 91.7% had underlying diseases, 37.2% had dietary restrictions, and 76.1% did not practice physical activity. The prevalence of pressure injury was 5.0%, diabetic ulcer 3.2%, and vasculogenic ulcer 2.9%. Not working and not regularly practicing physical activity increased the chances of presenting these injuries by 1.5 and 2.3 times, respectively. Being actively mobility and not having dietary restrictions were protective factors for not developing chronic wounds.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of injuries among older adults was high, and its occurrence is associated with socioeconomic and clinical characteristics.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brazil', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetic Foot', 'Family Health', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Pressure Ulcer', 'Prevalence', 'Primary Health Care', 'Protective Factors', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Ulcer', 'Vascular Diseases', 'Wounds and Injuries']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C14.907.320.191', 'C17.800.893.592.450.200', 'C19.246.099.500.191', 'C19.246.099.937.250'], ['N01.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C17.800.893.665'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.582', 'N05.715.350.200.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.570', 'N06.850.490.625.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.582'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['C23.550.891'], ['C14.907'], ['C26']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging measurements in renal cell carcinoma: effect of region of interest size and positioning on interobserver and intraobserver variability.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of region of interest (ROI) size and positioning on perfusion and permeability parameters as well as on interobserver and intraobserver variability of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-MRI) of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and metastases.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine DCE-MRI examinations of 34 patients with primary RCC and 20 examinations of 9 patients with RCC metastases obtained at 1.5 T were evaluated. Pretreatment and posttreatment analysis with antiangiogenic therapy was performed in 4 patients with primary RCCs and 5 patients with metastases. The ROIs of the whole tumor (wROI), the circular edge (cROI), a user-defined arbitrary small region (sROI), and a semiautomated segmented ROI were independently defined by 2 readers on 1 slice on arterial phase DCE-MRI images or on parametric plasma-flow maps. Analysis with a 2-compartment exchange model provided 4 parameters: plasma flow (FP), plasma volume (vp), permeability-surface product (PS), and extravascular-extracellular volume (ve). Interobserver and intraobserver parameter correlations were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient, and within-subject variability were considered on the basis of the coefficient of variation. Differences in measurement values of variable ROI size were assessed with paired t test.RESULTS: Mean values of FP and vp with sROIs were significantly higher than those with wROI, cROI, and semiautomated segmented ROI placement in tumor or metastases. Values of ve showed no significant difference between ROI sizes. The highest interobserver and intraobserver correlation with 0.99/0.98 for metastases and 0.97/0.98 for primary RCCs, respectively, was observed for all parameters when defining wROIs on dynamic images. Perfusion parameters of wROI measurements for FP (dynamic, 0.97; parametric maps, 0.96) and vp (0.95/0.89) showed higher interobserver correlation than did permeability parameters ve (0.64/0.6) and PS (0.79/0.5) in primary RCCs. The wROIs showed also the lowest within-subject coefficients of variation for perfusion parameters FP and vp compared with cROI and sROIs in primary RCCs and metastases.CONCLUSIONS: The ROI size and positioning do substantially influence quantitative perfusion and permeability parameters in DCE-MRI. The best interobserver and intraobserver correlation can be obtained when defining a whole-tumor ROI. The perfusion parameters are the most reliable, whereas the permeability parameters are more susceptible to interobserver variability. No significant differences between placing ROIs on morphological or parametric images were observed.

['Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Organ Size', 'Patient Positioning', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Whole Body Imaging']

[['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E02.760.670', 'N02.421.585.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.925', 'E05.979']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

[Occurrence of markers, distribution of genotypes and risk factors for viral hepatitis C among some groups of the population in the Novosibirsk region].

The occurrence of markers, genotypic variability of isolates and risk factors for viral hepatitis C (HCV) were studied in 4 groups of residents of the Novosibirsk region (altogether 2,000 persons). Anti-HCV IgG were detected within the range from 4.6% among medical personnel to 48% among the patients of the drug-abuse clinic. The detection rate of HCV RNA in seropositive samples varied from 79.3% to 86.3%. The determination of genotype was carried out for 388 isolates: 1b--50.3%, 2a--4.4%, 2c--0.3%, 3a--44.8%. The highest risk indices with respect to HCV among the residents of the region were linked with the drug use (OR=77.5; p<0.05) as well as with risky behavior and low social status. The elevated numbers of seropositive persons were detected among unemployed (OR=16.3), alcohol abusers (OR=3.9), persons having more than 4 sex partners in their lifetime (OR=4.3) and persons having homosexual contacts (OR=6.6). In some groups blood transfusions also played a definite role in the transmission of HCV. In the analysis, carried out separately for two different genotypes the intravenous use of drugs was perceptibly stronger linked with VHC of genotype 3 (OR=85.5) in comparison with HCV of genotype 1 (OR=49.3) and genotype 2 (OR=41.1). Genotype 1 prevailed in the older age group and genotype 3, among young people.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis C Antibodies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Viral', 'Risk Factors', 'Rural Population', 'Siberia', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous']

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['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Nanoparticle tracking analysis of particle size and concentration detection in suspensions of polymer and protein samples: Influence of experimental and data evaluation parameters.

Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is an emerging technique for detecting simultaneously sub-micron particle size distributions and particle concentrations of a sample. This study deals with the performance evaluation for the detection and characterisation of various particles by NTA. Our investigation focusses on the NTA measurement parameter set-ups, as will be shown in this study, are very crucial parameters to correctly analyse and interpret the data. In order to achieve this, we used (i) polystyrene standard particles as well as (ii) protein particles. We show the highly precise and reproducible detection of particle size and concentration in monodisperse polystyrene particle systems, under specified and constant parameter settings. On the other hand, our results exemplify potential risks and errors while setting inadequate parameters with regards to the results and thus interpretation thereof. In particular changes of the parameters, camera level (CL) and detection threshold (DT), led to significant changes in the determined particle concentration. We propose defined and specified "optimal" camera levels for monodisperse particle suspension characterisations in the size range of 20-1000nm. We illustrate that the results of polydisperse polystyrene standard particle solution measurements, highly depend on the used parameter settings, which are rarely published with the data. Changes in these settings led to the "appearance" or "disappearance" of particle populations ("peaks") for polydisperse systems. Thus, a correct evaluation of the particle size populations in the sample becomes very challenging. For the use of NTA in biopharmaceutical analysis, proteinaceous samples were investigated. We analysed protein particle suspensions and compared unstressed and stressed (formation of aggregates) protein samples similar to polystyrene particle analysis. We also studied these samples in two different measuring modes (general capture mode and live monitoring mode) that the commercially available analysis software is offering. Our results stated the live monitoring mode as more suitable for protein samples, as the results were more reproducible and less operator-depending. In conclusion, NTA is a potential technique and unique in quantitative evaluation of particle suspensions in the subvisible size range, especially for monodisperse suspensions. We strongly urge on not underestimating the influence of the measuring parameters on the obtained results, which should be presented with the data in order to better judge and interpret the NTA results.

['Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Polymers', 'Proteins']

[['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D12.776']]

['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Unique CD4(+) T cells in TCR alpha chain-deficient class I MHC-restricted TCR transgenic mice: role in a superantigen-mediated disease process.

Mice carrying a transgenic TCR with targeted disruption of the TCR alpha chain (H-Y alpha(-/-)) possess CD4(+) T cells which express the transgenic TCR beta without the alpha chain. These mice developed the murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) after infection with LP-BM5 retroviruses, a process which requires CD4(+) T cells. These cells are negative for TCR delta chain and pre-TCR alpha chain expression, and thus express a unique surface receptor with the TCR beta chain as a component. The cells respond to MAIDS virus-associated superantigen and concanavalin A, but not to protein antigens such as ovalbumin. Thus, this novel surface receptor appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MAIDS.

['Animals', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Genes, RAG-1', 'Hybridomas', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Retroviridae']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.400'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['C01.925.782.815.650', 'C01.925.928.650', 'C22.795.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Formation of new blood vessels in the heart can be studied in cell cultures.

Controlled induction of the formation of new microvessels, i.e., therapeutic angiogenesis, may be used one day to treat patients that for example had suffered a myocardial infarction. Experimental models of angiogenesis in the heart in vivo substantially stress the animal. We therefore developed a model of angiogenesis of the heart in vitro, where mouse and rat heart pieces are stimulated under controlled conditions in a three dimensional matrix. Capillary-like sprouts emerging in these cultures represent early to midterm steps of angiogenesis and can be quantified to study potential angiogenic compounds and underlying mechanisms.

['Angiogenesis Inducing Agents', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Becaplermin', 'Capillaries', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fibrin', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Gels', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Muscle Tonus', 'Myocardium', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis', 'Rats', 'Vasodilation']

[['D27.505.696.377.077.077'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.910.650.500', 'D12.776.260.690.500', 'D12.776.467.910.650.500', 'D23.529.910.650.500'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G11.427.565'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['D12.644.276.910.650', 'D12.776.124.625.650', 'D12.776.260.690', 'D12.776.467.910.650', 'D12.776.624.664.700.195', 'D23.529.910.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G09.330.380.928']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Thymol action on cells and tissues of the synganglia and salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato females (Acari: Ixodidae).

Thymol is a monoterpene present in plants of the families Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae and Apiaceae. Despite its proven acaricidal activity, little is known about the mechanism of action of thymol in ticks. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform a morpho-histochemical analysis of the synganglion and salivary glands of partially engorged females of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), exposed to thymol at different concentrations. Five groups were established: Control Group I (distilled water), Control Group II (ethanol 30%), Group III (thymol 1.25 mg/mL), Group IV (thymol 2.5 mg/mL) and Group V (thymol 5.0 mg/mL). The females were exposed to the treatments by the immersion method and subsequently kept in a climatic chamber (27 ± 1 °C and relative humidity 80 ± 10%) for five days. After this period, the synganglion and salivary glands were removed, and the hematoxylin/eosin morphological technique was applied. The von Kossa staining method with counterstaining neutral red was performed on the salivary glands. The results showed that females exposed to thymol had damaged synganglia, with pyknotic nuclei and vacuoles in the cortex and subperineurial regions, as well as rupture of the neural lamellae. The salivary glands showed type I acini with a dilated lumen. Cells with extremely vacuolated cytoplasm and fragmented nuclei were observed in type II and III acini. Type II acini of the females exposed to thymol revealed different calcium staining when compared to the Control Groups I and II. We therefore conclude that the salivary glands and synganglion are subject to changes in morphology and calcium levels when exposed to thymol at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL, demonstrating that this monoterpene has acaricidal potential on partially engorged females of R. sanguineus (s.l.).

['Acaricides', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Central Nervous System', 'Female', 'Histological Techniques', 'Rhipicephalus sanguineus', 'Salivary Glands', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Thymol']

[['D27.720.031.700.071', 'D27.888.723.071'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A08.186'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.712.700'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.963', 'D02.455.849.575.875']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Differential platelet-associated factor gene expression by a panel of human cell lines with megakaryoblastic properties after treatment with phorbol myristate acetate.

Four human megakaryocytoid cell lines, namely MOLM-1, MOLM-7, MEG-01 and HEL, were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and expression of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A chain, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) genes was examined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers. The gene for PDGF A chain is constitutively weakly expressed by MEG-01 cells and strong expression is induced in MEG-01, MOLM-1 and MOLM-7 but not in HEL cells after treatment with PMA for three days. All four cell lines express the vWF gene both constitutively and after exposure to PMA. None of the cell lines constitutively express the gene for ECGF but MEG-01 cells can be induced to do so after treatment with the phorbol diester. Immunohistochemical staining after exposure to PMA showed that the expression of the platelet-associated markers CD41 and CD61 was enhanced in all cell lines indicating possible differentiation along the megakaryocyte lineage. Our results illustrate differential platelet-associated factor gene expression in different megakaryoblastic cell populations in response to treatment with PMA, and suggest that expressions of the PDGF A chain gene and the ECGF gene may be good markers for megakaryocyte maturation.

['Base Sequence', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Megakaryocytes', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Thrombospondins', 'Thymidine Phosphorylase', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'von Willebrand Factor']

[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A11.148.479', 'A15.378.316.479'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.395.550.625', 'D12.776.543.550.625', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D12.776.395.550.895', 'D12.776.543.550.895'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.850.500', 'D23.050.301.500.600.925', 'D23.050.705.552.600.850'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.124.125.920', 'D23.119.985']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Integrated coastal effects study: synthesis of findings.

Municipal wastewater discharges constitute a major source of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to coastal waters, yet uncertainty exists regarding their linkage to adverse biological effects such as endocrine disruption. Limited information is available concerning the types and fate of CECs discharged to the Southern California Bight (SCB) from municipal wastewater and their potential for ecological impacts. The present study investigated the impacts of CECs from ocean wastewater discharges on SCB fish. Concentrations of CECs were measured in effluents from four major municipal wastewater dischargers. Seawater, sediment, and hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) from the discharge sites and a reference area were collected and analyzed for chemical and biological indicators. Low concentrations of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and commercial compounds were measured in effluent. Some CECs were also detected in sediment, seawater, and fish livers near the outfalls, confirming exposure to CECs. Fish plasma hormone analyses suggested the presence of physiological effects, including a reduced stress response, altered estrogen synthesis or estrogenic exposure, and reduced thyroxine. Most fish responses were found at all sites and could not be directly associated with effluent discharges. However, concentrations of thyroxine were lower at all discharge sites relative to the reference, and estradiol concentrations were lower at three of the four outfall sites. The physiological responses found were not associated with adverse impacts on fish reproduction or populations. Interpretation of molecular and physiological measurements in field organisms such as those used in the present study is challenging because of a lack of information on baseline conditions and uncertain linkages to apical endpoints such as survival and reproduction.

['Animals', 'California', 'Endocrine Disruptors', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Flounder', 'Male', 'Reproduction', 'Seawater', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Pollution, Chemical']

[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['D27.505.696.353', 'D27.888.141'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.418.438'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.460.790.410']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Anaesthesia for critically ill children during magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly useful in children. Because of technical considerations and safety concerns, critically ill children have frequently been excluded from MRI. We have accomplished safely both transport and MRI in 21 patients from paediatric intensive care units (ICU). Three children were not considered appropriate for transport from the ICU to the MRI facility. All patients underwent assisted ventilation using a modified Mapleson D system. Monitoring of oxygenation, ventilation and haemodynamic state, including invasive arterial (n = 4) and intracranial pressures (n = 3) was continued successfully using routinely available equipment. All MRI studies were completed successfully with satisfactory image quality and all patients returned to the ICU in satisfactory condition. In contrast with previous reports which have excluded critically ill children, we have demonstrated that MRI may be undertaken safely and efficiently in critically ill children.

['Adolescent', 'Anesthesia, Intravenous', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Contraindications', 'Critical Illness', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Transportation of Patients']

[['M01.060.057'], ['E03.155.308'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.208'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E02.365.839', 'N02.421.297.879']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

A program of management training for residents.

To help prepare residents in preventive medicine and occupational medicine for their future management roles, the University of Arizona College of Medicine incorporated administrative training into many aspects of its residency programs, beginning in 1983. Training focuses on seven skill areas seen as needed to meet the management demands of the physicians' future specialties. The authors discuss the career choices of University of Arizona graduates and advocate long-term administrative training for all specialties.

['Career Choice', 'Internship and Residency', 'Occupational Medicine', 'Organization and Administration', 'Practice Management, Medical', 'Preventive Medicine', 'Program Evaluation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.720.750.510'], ['N04.452'], ['N04.452.758.708.450'], ['H02.403.720.750'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Regional Differences in Prevalence of Macrolide Resistance among Pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Hokkaido, Japan.

Recently, macrolide-resistant (MR) Mycoplasma pneumonia appeared, and prevalence of macrolide resistance among M. pneumoniae infections varies by country. However, reports on regional differences in the prevalence of MR M. pneumonia within a country are scarce. In this study, 617 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 617 pediatric patients, and DNA of M. pneumoniae was identified in 95 samples. In 51 of the 95 M. pneumonia positive samples, we detected the presence of mutation A2063G mutation (conferring macrolide resistance) in the 23S rRNA gene. The overall macrolide resistance rate was 53.7%, but there were regional differences: 0.0% in Muroran, 5.3% in Asahikawa, 55.3% in Sapporo, and 100.0% in Kushiro. Statistically significant pairwise differences in the prevalence of MR M. pneumoniae were observed among these cities except for the pair of Muroran and Asahikawa. After exclusion (in order to avoid the influence of macrolides) of patients who were prescribed macrolides before collection of nasopharyngeal swab samples, statistically significant differences persisted: 0.0% in Muroran, 5.6% in Asahikawa, 38.5% in Sapporo, and 100.0% in Kushiro.

['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Child', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Macrolides', 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae', 'Pneumonia, Mycoplasma', 'Prevalence', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 23S', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']

[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.650'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610.760', 'C01.150.252.620.500', 'C01.748.610.540.545', 'C08.381.677.540.500', 'C08.730.610.540.545'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D13.444.735.686.680'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Student survey trends in reported alcohol use and influencing factors in Australia.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: There is a need to explain reported trends of reduced alcohol and drug (substance) use in school-aged children in Australia. This study used student survey data collected in the states of Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland to examine trends in substance use and associated influencing factors.DESIGN AND METHODS: Youth self-reports were examined from 11 cross-sectional surveys completed by 41 328 adolescents (average age 13.5 years, 52.5% female) across 109 Australian communities between 1999 and 2015. Multi-level modelling was used to identify trends in adolescent reports of lifetime alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, adjusted for age, gender, social disadvantage and minority status. Trends in influencing factors were also examined that included: individual attitudes, and family, school and community environments. Multivariate analyses estimated the main contributors to alcohol use trends.RESULTS: Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use all fell significantly from 1999 to 2015. Higher levels of use were observed in Victoria compared to Western Australia or Queensland. Multivariate analyses identified reductions in favourable parent attitudes and lower availability of substances as direct contributors to reducing alcohol use trends. Indicators of school and family adjustment did not show similar trend reductions.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in adolescent alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use from 1999 to 2015 were associated with similar reductions in parent favourable attitudes and availability of substances. It is plausible that a reduced tendency for parents and other adults to supply adolescent alcohol are implicated in the reductions in adolescent alcohol use observed across Australia.

['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Australia', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marijuana Use', 'Risk Factors', 'Schools', 'Smoking', 'Social Environment', 'Students', 'Underage Drinking']

[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.610', 'F03.900.643'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['M01.848'], ['F01.145.022.750', 'F01.145.317.269.875', 'I01.880.735.878']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Visual stabilization dynamics are enhanced by standing flight velocity.

A flying insect must travel to find food, mates and sites for oviposition, but for a small animal in a turbulent world this means dealing with frequent unplanned deviations from course. We measured a fly's sensory-motor impulse response to perturbations in optic flow. After an abrupt change in its apparent visual position, a fly generates a compensatory dynamical steering response in the opposite direction. The response dynamics, however, may be influenced by superimposed background velocity generated by the animal's flight direction. Here we show that constant forward velocity has no effect on the steering responses to orthogonal sideslip perturbations, whereas constant parallel sideslip substantially shortens the lags and relaxation times of the linear dynamical responses. This implies that for flies stabilizing in sideslip, the control effort is strongly affected by the direction of background motion.

['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Flight, Animal', 'Kinesthesis', 'Movement', 'Visual Perception']

[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G11.427.410.568.304', 'G11.427.410.698.416'], ['F02.830.816.541.504', 'G11.561.790.541.587'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['F02.463.593.932']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

AAPM Medical Physics Practice Guideline 8.a.: Linear accelerator performance tests.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this guideline is to provide a list of critical performance tests in order to assist the Qualified Medical Physicist (QMP) in establishing and maintaining a safe and effective quality assurance (QA) program. The performance tests on a linear accelerator (linac) should be selected to fit the clinical patterns of use of the accelerator and care should be given to perform tests which are relevant to detecting errors related to the specific use of the accelerator.METHODS: A risk assessment was performed on tests from current task group reports on linac QA to highlight those tests that are most effective at maintaining safety and quality for the patient. Recommendations are made on the acquisition of reference or baseline data, the establishment of machine isocenter on a routine basis, basing performance tests on clinical use of the linac, working with vendors to establish QA tests and performing tests after maintenance.RESULTS: The recommended tests proposed in this guideline were chosen based on the results from the risk analysis and the consensus of the guideline's committee. The tests are grouped together by class of test (e.g., dosimetry, mechanical, etc.) and clinical parameter tested. Implementation notes are included for each test so that the QMP can understand the overall goal of each test.CONCLUSION: This guideline will assist the QMP in developing a comprehensive QA program for linacs in the external beam radiation therapy setting. The committee sought to prioritize tests by their implication on quality and patient safety. The QMP is ultimately responsible for implementing appropriate tests. In the spirit of the report from American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 100, individual institutions are encouraged to analyze the risks involved in their own clinical practice and determine which performance tests are relevant in their own radiotherapy clinics.

['Health Physics', 'Maintenance', 'Particle Accelerators', 'Quality Control', 'Radiometry', 'Societies, Scientific']

[['H01.671.368', 'H02.229.333'], ['N02.628'], ['E07.710.680'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.799'], ['N03.540.828.838']]

['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Role of bacterial cellulose fibrils in Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection.

During the attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to carrot tissue culture cells, the bacteria synthesize cellulose fibrils. We examined the role of these cellulose fibrils in the attachment process by determining the properties of bacterial mutants unable to synthesize cellulose. Such cellulose-minus bacteria attached to the carrot cell surface, but, in contrast to the parent strain, with which larger clusters of bacteria were seen on the plant cell, cellulose-minus mutant bacteria were attached individually to the plant cell surface. The wild-type bacteria became surrounded by fibrils within 2 h after attachment. No fibrils were seen with the cellulose-minus mutants. Prolonged incubation of wild-type A. tumefaciens with carrot cells resulted in the formation of large aggregates of bacteria, bacterial fibrils, and carrot cells. No such aggregates were formed after the incubation of carrot cells with cellulose-minus A. tumefaciens. The absence of cellulose fibrils also caused an alteration in the kinetics of bacterial attachment to carrot cells. Cellulose synthesis was not required for bacterial virulence; the cellulose-minus mutants were all virulent. However, the ability of the parent bacterial strain to produce tumors was unaffected by washing the inoculation site with water, whereas the ability of the cellulose-minus mutants to form tumors was much reduced by washing the inoculation site with water. Thus, a major role of the cellulose fibrils synthesized by A. tumefaciens appears to be anchoring the bacteria to the host cells, thereby aiding the production of tumors.

['Adhesiveness', 'Cellulose', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'Mutation', 'Plant Tumors', 'Plants', 'Rhizobium']

[['G02.860.139'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G15.610.700'], ['B01.650'], ['B03.440.400.425.700.800', 'B03.585.900', 'B03.660.050.662.670']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']

Detection of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the blood by the polymerase chain reaction method of treated bladder cancer patients.

PURPOSE: Following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation, we attempted to detect BCG in the blood using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and correlate these findings with the occurrence of major complications due to this treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intravesical BCG immunotherapy was given to 22 consecutive patients with superficial bladder tumors. In 2 patients the BCG instillation had to be discontinued due to serious side effects of therapy. Blood samples (252 aliquots) were obtained from 126 BCG courses in 22 cases, and 2 additional samples (4 aliquots) were obtained from 1 patient 1 and 3 months after cessation of therapy. All blood samples were analyzed by the PCR technique for detection of deoxyribonucleic acid tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis.RESULTS: Of the 126 blood samples 9 (7.1%) were PCR positive for M. tuberculosis. These 9 positive samples belonged to 3 patients, all of whom were among those 4 patients who had major clinical side effects.CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that rapid and sensitive detection of mycobacteremia by PCR correlated with the clinical course of these patients. We also demonstrated that PCR can be used to monitor BCG in the blood after antituberculous therapy. The early, fast and accurate diagnosis of BCG in the blood by PCR may alter the serious clinical course of these patients by initiation of specific treatment early. However, further extensive studies are needed to validate these results.

['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Aged', 'BCG Vaccine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']

[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D20.215.894.135.825.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']

Virgibacillus soli sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil.

A Gram-positive bacterium (strain CC-YMP-6(T)) was isolated from soil samples collected from Yang-Ming Mountain, Taiwan. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-YMP-6(T) clearly belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and was most closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus halophilus (96.2 % similarity) and Virgibacillus kekensis (96.3 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the polar lipid profile was composed of the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid plus moderate amounts of two unidentified aminophospholipids and a phospholipid. The polyamine pattern comprised spermidine as the single major component with spermine and putrescine present in minor amounts. The major fatty acids of strain CC-YMP-6(T) were iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain CC-YMP-6(T) from all recognized species of the genus Virgibacillus. Strain CC-YMP-6(T) is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-YMP-6(T) (=DSM 22952(T)=CCM 7714(T)).

['DNA, Bacterial', 'Fatty Acids', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phospholipids', 'Phylogeny', 'Polyamines', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Taiwan', 'Virgibacillus', 'Vitamin K 2']

[['D13.444.308.212'], ['D10.251'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.900', 'B03.510.415.400.158.900', 'B03.510.460.410.158.900'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721.374.844', 'D02.455.849.291.523.500.844', 'D02.806.550.750', 'D04.615.638.721.374.844']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']