Datasets:

owaiskha9654

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like 13

Architecture and adhesive activity of the Haemophilus influenzae Hsf adhesin.

Haemophilus influenzae type b is an important cause of meningitis and other serious invasive diseases and initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. Among the major adhesins in H. influenzae type b is a nonpilus protein called Hsf, a large protein that forms fiber-like structures on the bacterial surface and shares significant sequence similarity with the nontypeable H. influenzae Hia autotransporter. In the present study, we characterized the structure and adhesive activity of Hsf. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of Hsf revealed three regions with high-level homology to the HiaBD1 and HiaBD2 binding domains in Hia. Based on examination of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins corresponding to these regions, two of the three had adhesive activity and one was nonadhesive in assays with cultured epithelial cells. Structural modeling demonstrated that only the two regions with adhesive activity harbored an acidic binding pocket like the binding pocket identified in the crystal structure of HiaBD1. Consistent with these results, disruption of the acidic binding pockets in the adhesive regions eliminated adhesive activity. These studies advance our understanding of the architecture of Hsf and the family of trimeric autotransporters and provide insight into the structural determinants of H. influenzae type b adherence.

['Adhesins, Bacterial', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Cell Line', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Haemophilus influenzae type b', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sequence Alignment']

[['D12.776.097.120.050', 'D12.776.543.100.050', 'D23.050.161.050'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G06.099.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.436'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330.150', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['E05.393.751']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Cloning of three endoglucanase genes from Thermomonospora curvata into Escherichia coli.

A BamHI genomic library from Thermomonospora curvata was constructed in E. coli using cosmid vector pHC79. Four clones able to hydrolyze CMC were isolated. Restriction digests and Southern gel analysis revealed the presence of three different endoglucanase genes. DNA fragments contained in all of the endoglucanase cosmids hybridized to T. curvata chromosomal DNA. The cellulase genes were expressed in E. coli, but at rather low levels.

['Bacteria', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cellulase', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cosmids', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Recombinant Proteins']

[['B03'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.200'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.360.337.500', 'G05.360.600.250'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['D12.776.828']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Gamma spectrometric measurements of depth-related radionuclide distribution in walls.

The method for depth-related radionuclide distribution was evolved for approximate determination of the spatial lay-out of radionuclides in materials. The method is based on different attenuation coefficients for various energies of gamma radiation. For each material, the attenuation coefficient decreases with rising energy of radiation. It is therefore possible to assess the location of radionuclides in a material owing to attenuation on the track which a photon has to pass through the material. In this case, gamma lines with energies 609 and 1764 keV produced by nuclide (214)Bi were used for depth-related radionuclide distribution. This application should be suitable for locating radionuclides in the walls of buildings where high dose rates from gamma radiation occur. These doses are caused by natural radionuclides, mainly radium daughters. The presence of radionuclides in houses poses a high risk associated with inhalation of radon and its decay products. For suitable remediation, it is necessary to know the radionuclide depth distribution.

['Algorithms', 'Construction Materials', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radioisotopes', 'Radiometry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Gamma']

[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['J01.637.241'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['D01.496.749'], ['E05.799'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.867.776', 'E05.799.801']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Women's experiences with second trimester prenatal diagnosis.

By means of questionnaires, 100 women were asked for their experiences concerning prenatal diagnosis. At four standardized stages of the pregnancy a questionnaire was filled in asking for: expectation, knowledge, attitude towards termination of the pregnancy in case of abnormal findings, reactions to the counselling and the obstetric treatment, interpretation of own risk, experiences since the normal test results were known and ideas to improve the treatment. With regard to the effect of pre-amniocentesis counseling it is concluded that the counselling had little impact on decision making; the counselling caused an increase of factual knowledge: somewhat more than half of the women who did not give a correct answer before counselling, indicated the right answer some time afterwards. Presumed differences in reaction patterns for a number of characteristics were not affirmed by the study; the reactions during the procedure of prenatal diagnosis seem to be highly individual and difficult to predict. In addition to the reaction of the 100 women described in this study, the responses to the first questionnaire of another 16 patients, declining amniocentesis after counselling, are presented.

['Abortion, Induced', 'Amniocentesis', 'Attitude', 'Counseling', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Risk', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['E04.520.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.050', 'E01.370.225.998.329.309', 'E01.370.378.630.050', 'E04.665.600.309', 'E05.200.500.384.050', 'E05.200.998.329.309', 'E05.242.384.050'], ['F01.100'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Islet Grafts Against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis During the Early Stage After Transplantation.

Early loss of grafted islets is the main obstacle to achieve favorable outcomes of islet transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to have a protective effect; however, its mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can protect grafted islets against endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced apoptosis. In syngeneic streptozocin-induced diabetic BALB/c mice, islet grafts decreased blood glucose levels; however, the effect was not fully functional from the immediate post-transplant phase. â-Cell apoptosis was proven on days 1 and 3 after transplantation. Ultra-structural evidence of ERS was observed along with increased expressions of marker protein BIP and apoptosis-related protein CHOP. In contrast, BMSC co-transplantation maintained glucose hemostasis, inhibited apoptosis and alleviated ERS. In ex vivo culture, BMSCs improved viability of islets and decreased apoptosis. Increased ERS were observed in cultured islets exposed to hypoxia, but not in the islets cocultured with BMSCs. Furthermore, cocultured BMSCs protected islets against ERS-induced apoptosis as well as improved their insulin secretion, and BMSCs alleviated ERS by improving Myc expression through both stromal cell-derived factor 1 signal and contact effect. In conclusion, BMSCs protected the grafted islets against ERS-induced apoptosis during the early stage after transplantation. This study opens a new arena for ERS-targeted therapy to improve outcomes of islet transplantation. Stem Cells 2018;36:1045-1061.

['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Marrow', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Humans', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A15.382.216'], ['G04.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['E02.095.147.500.250', 'E04.270.550', 'E04.936.225.375'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 immunoreactivity in the human gut.

The presence of the proenkephalin A-derived peptide Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 was demonstrated throughout the human gastrointestinal tract. Highest concentrations of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, as assessed by radioimmunoassay, were measured in the separated muscularis externa, while lower levels were found in the submucosa and only small amounts in the mucosa. The results are consistent with a neuronal location of this peptide in the human gut. Over 65% of total immunoreactivity coeluted with the authentic peptide in both molecular exclusion chromatography and HPLC, while most of the remainder activity eluted earlier on gel filtration. The latter material probably represents N-terminally extended Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8. Taken together with previous studies, our results appear to indicate that there are important species differences in post-translational processing of proenkephalin A in gut nerves.

['Colon', 'Cross Reactions', 'Digestive System', 'Enkephalin, Methionine', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Immune Sera', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Small', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Rectum', 'Stomach']

[['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['G12.122.281'], ['A03'], ['D12.644.400.575.281.381', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281.381'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['A03.556.875.875']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Service users, metaphors and teamworking in mental health.

Despite the United Kingdom's recent governmental mental health policy directives aimed at strengthening professional collaboration and increasing service user involvement, the prevailing mental health care culture remains steeped in a discourse of treatment and care, control and compliance and professional expertise. Drawing upon the data collected during the two phases of a 2-year national evaluation undertaken for the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, the perceptions of a group of mental health service users in relation to their experiences and contact with the multi-professional team are explored. A series of metaphorical descriptions were developed with these service users drawn from their experience. These begin to illuminate a realistic way of thinking about how teams are set up, how and why they carry out their various roles, and the need to think in non-professional terms about the relationships that are developed with service users. A hierarchy of power was noted that was congruent with the outcomes of other studies. However, there was also a concurrent acknowledgement of the 'usefulness'(to the individual service user) of each of the professional group members. This appeared to have been constructed alongside the power hierarchy and serves to illustrate how individual service users sought to find an accommodation within the social system they were placed in. This paper argues however, that the use of metaphors, as a form of shared communication, can be an effective first step in working towards this objective. Working in the way described here can allow for a greater shared understanding of what each group is experiencing and help ensure that future service development reflects a broader view of the mental health care world.

['Attitude to Health', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Metaphor', 'Nursing Services', 'Patient Care Team', 'Psychiatric Nursing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom']

[['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['K01.400.899.500', 'K01.752.798.500'], ['N02.421.539'], ['N04.590.715'], ['H02.478.676.710', 'N02.421.533.778'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Hepatic and pancreatic metabolism and biliary excretion of the protease inhibitor camostat mesilate.

The hepatic metabolism and biliary and pancreatic excretion of the serine protease inhibitor camostat mesilate and its metabolites FOY-251 and GBA were studied in rats in vivo and in in sutu liver-perfusion experiments. After oral feeding (100 mg/kg) and iv infusion (5 mg/kg.h) of camostat mesilate, the original compound and both metabolites appeared in bile, but could not be detected in pancreatic juice. In plasma, only FOY-251 and GBA were detected. In the perfused rat liver, camostat mesilate (10 microM) was eliminated by 33.8% and its molar rate of degradation to FOY-251 was 25.1%. During the study period about 0.1% of camostat mesilate and FOY-251 appeared in bile. The liver perfusion of FOY-251 or GBA revealed very low hepatic extraction rates of 10.3 and 2.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the low hepatic extraction rate of camostat mesilate and its metabolites leads to high concentrations of the active metabolite FOY-251 in plasma. Camostat mesilate and its metabolites are effectively excreted into bile, but not in rat pancreatic juice.

['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Benzoates', 'Bile', 'Gabexate', 'Guanidines', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Juice', 'Perfusion', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']

[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.241.223.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127'], ['A12.200.087'], ['D02.078.370.380'], ['D02.078.370'], ['A03.620'], ['A03.734'], ['A12.200.567'], ['E05.680'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Ultrastructural studies on the morula in cattle.

Embryos at morula stage were ultrastructurally examined. Blastomeres of normal embryos are characterized by the presence of ribosomes, short single and branched cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum, small spherical mitochondria and vacuolar-granular structures. An enhanced autophagy and the presence of numerous and large lipid droplets are signs of the beginning degeneration.

['Animals', 'Blastomeres', 'Cattle', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Morula', 'Ribosomes', 'Vacuoles']

[['B01.050'], ['A11.872.700.250.130', 'A16.094'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A16.615'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Semiquantitative assessment of subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions and subchondral cysts of the knee at 3T MRI: a comparison between intermediate-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo and Dual Echo Steady State sequences.

BACKGROUND: Choice of appropriate MR pulse sequence is important for any research studies using imaging-derived data. The aim of this study was to compare semiquantitative assessment of subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions and subchondral cysts using intermediate-weighted (IW) fat-suppressed (fs) spin echo and Dual Echo Steady State (DESS) sequences on 3 T MRI.METHODS: Included were 201 subjects aged 35-65 with frequent knee pain. 3T MRI was performed with the same sequence protocol as in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). In a primary reading subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions were assessed according to the WORMS system. Two hundred subregions with such lesions were randomly chosen. The extent of subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions was re-evaluated separately using sagittal IW fs and DESS sequences according to WORMS. Lesion size and confidence of the differentiation between subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions and subchondral cysts located within or adjacent to them was rated from 0 to 3. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and chi-square statistics were used to examine differences between the two sequences.RESULTS: Of 200 subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions detected by IW fs sequence, 93 lesions (46.5%) were not depicted by the DESS sequence. The IW fs sequence depicted subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions to a larger extent than DESS (p < 0.0001), and the opposite was true for subchondral cysts. Confidence scores for differentiation of the two types of lesions were not significantly different between the two sequences.CONCLUSIONS: In direct comparison the IW fs sequence depicts more subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions and better demonstrate the extent of their maximum size. The DESS sequence helps in the differentiation of subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions and subchondral cysts. The IW fs sequence should be used for determination of lesion extent whenever the size of subchondral bone marrow edema-like lesions is the focus of attention.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Cysts', 'Bone Marrow Diseases', 'Edema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Spin Labels']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.182.089', 'C05.116.070'], ['C15.378.190'], ['C23.888.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['L01.224.800'], ['D02.389.678']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Controlled-release methylphenidate improves attention during on-road driving by adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a 3- to 4-fold increase in both driving-related accidents and associated injuries. Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly prescribed psychostimulant medication for ADHD. It has been demonstrated to improve performance on a driving simulator. This study investigated whether a once-daily, long-acting, osmotic, controlled-release MPH formulation improves the driving performance of ADHD adolescents while driving their own car on an actual road segment.METHODS: Twelve ADHD-diagnosed male adolescent drivers (mean age, 17.8 years) prescribed a standard dose of 1.0 mg/kg (if they were not already taking methylphenidate) of controlled-release MPH participated in this repeated-measures crossover study. On 2 separate occasions (off/on medication randomized), participants drove a standard 16-mile road course incorporating rural, highway, and urban streets. A rater, blind to medication conditions, sat in the back seat and rated impulsive (eg, "cutting off" another driver) and inattentive (eg, drove past designated turn) driving errors.RESULTS: Impulsive driving errors were observed to occur rarely under both medication and no medication conditions. Inattentive driving errors were more common and were significantly reduced while the subject was on medication (4.6 versus 7.8; P <.01). The improvement in driving performance (change in number of errors recorded) from first to second testing was positively correlated with medication dosage (r = 0.60; P <.01).CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily controlled-release MPH improves real-life driving performance of adolescent males diagnosed with ADHD. In particular, it significantly reduces driving errors arising from inattention.

['Adolescent', 'Attention', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Automobile Driving', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Male', 'Methylphenidate', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['I03.125'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.527'], ['D02.241.223.601.600', 'D03.383.621.460'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']

Immortalization of subpopulations of respiratory epithelial cells from transgenic mice bearing SV40 large T antigen.

Murine lung epithelial (MLE) cell lines were produced from lung tumors derived from transgenic mice bearing the viral oncogene, SV40 large T antigen, under transcriptional control of the promoter-enhancer region of the human surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene. Cells were selected on the basis of increased murine cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (mCFTR) mRNA content and were dilution cloned to produce distinct immortalized epithelial cell lines. MLE-13a3 cell lines expressing high levels of mCFTR mRNA also expressed apolipoprotein J (apoJ) mRNA, a developmentally regulated glycoprotein expressed preferentially in fetal lung. SP-A, -B, and -C were not detected or were present at low levels in the MLE cells that contained abundant CFTR and apoJ mRNA. In contrast, MLE cells, cloned on the basis of abundant surfactant protein mRNAs, expressed apoJ and mCFTR mRNAs at low levels. Forskolin-stimulated short-circuit current, typical of CFTR-mediated chloride transport activity, was generated by monolayers of subclones of the MLE-13a3 cell lines. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated mCFTR mRNA, whereas dexamethasone, retinoic acid, and phorbol ester had no effect on the levels of mCFTR mRNA in MLE-13a3 cells.

['Animals', 'Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming', 'Cell Separation', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Clusterin', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator', 'Epithelium', 'Glycoproteins', 'Lung', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']

[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.090', 'D12.776.964.700.090', 'D23.050.285.062.090', 'D23.050.327.062.090'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['D12.776.395.207', 'D12.776.580.215'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304.500', 'D12.776.157.530.400.175.125', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500.500'], ['A10.272'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.580'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.251.860']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Improving First Aid Management of Epilepsy by Trainee Teachers of the Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka - Lagos, South West Nigeria--Can Health Education have an Effect?

BACKGROUND: lt is estimated that epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide and about 40 million of them live in developing countries. Studies have indicated high rates of poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor first aid management skills of students with epilepsy among practicing teachers. However, there is paucity of such studies on trainee teachers to ascertain any similarities or differences (if any) and the effect of educational interventions.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a health education intervention on trainee teachers' knowledge, attitude and first aid management of epilepsy.METHODS: The effect of a health education intervention in first aid management of epilepsy was assessed among 226 trainee teachers, attending the Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka. This was done using a quasi-experimental study design. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 15.RESULTS: The respondents had a median age of 22 years with a range of 18 to 56 years. The majority of them were females (68.6%), single (79.2%), Christians (81.9%), Yoruba (70.4%) and in first year (100 level) of their study (69.9%). The highest proportion was from the Accounting department (46.0%). A consistent increase in responses to items on knowledge, attitude and first aid management of epileptic seizure items from baseline to post-intervention was observed. For instance, the proportion of responses that epileptic seizures originate from the brain significantly (p = 0.025) increased from 62.5% at baseline to 74.1% after intervention. Generally, slightly more than two-fifths (44.2%) and about two thirds (61.9%) of the respondents were observed to have poor knowledge and negative attitude to epilepsy respectively at baseline. Overall, giving health education on epilepsy led to a reduction in the proportion of respondents with poor knowledge by 15.5% (increase of good knowledge by 29.6%), decrease of negative attitude by 16.4% and increase of good first aid management skill by 25.0%. The knowledge scores were significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.003) and department (p = 0.004) while the attitude scores were significantly associated with teaching duration (p = 0.020). The knowledge was predicted by department (p = 0.001) while the attitude was predicted by teaching duration (p = 0.036).CONCLUSION: This study reveals that health education could improve the knowledge, attitude. and first aid management of students with epilepsy among trainee teachers. It is therefore proposed that an intervention programme on baseline knowledge of epilepsy and its first aid management be incorporated into the teacher-training curriculum, particularly those in health-related programmes, to address their deficiencies in knowledge, attitude and first aid management of students with epilepsy.

['Adult', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'First Aid', 'Health Education', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nigeria', 'Quality Improvement', 'Schools', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['E02.365.305'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Inmunoferon, an immunomodulator of natural origin, does not affect the rat liver cytochrome P-450 and phase II conjugation enzymes.

Inmunoferon is a glycoconjugate of natural origin with immunomodulatory properties. It has recently been shown to regulate TNF-alpha expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge through a hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-dependent mechanism. Inmunoferon is orally administered to immunocompromised patients as an adjuvant during immune therapy such as vaccination or infectious diseases treatment. Due to its mainly adjuvant nature, it is necessary to determine if coadministration of Inmunoferon affects the activity of other drugs. In this study we analyzed the possible modification of the hepatic drug biotransformation system by using Inmunoferon in a rat model, which may result in changes in the biological activity of other drugs administered simultaneously. Inmunoferon-treated animals showed no differences to control littermates in antipyrine metabolism. No differences were found in either cytochrome P-450 and b5 levels or cytochrome P-450-dependent activities and phase II conjugation enzymes in lysates from Inmunoferon-treated rat hepatic cells. The same treatment reduced levels of serum TNF-alpha in LPS-challenged animals. In summary, Inmunoferon is unable to affect the hepatic bioconjugation system during administration and thus seems unlikely to interact with, or modify the effect of, coadministered drugs.

['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biotransformation', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Glycopeptides', 'Liver', 'Macrolides', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']

[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075', 'D01.146.360', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D09.400.420', 'D12.644.233'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Clinical validity of a Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) profile typology.

We evaluated the validity of a profile typology for the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC), a parent-informant measure of child psychiatric status. For referred children, we studied (a) the convergence of PIC profile types with diagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., American Psychiatric Association, 1980) and (b) the incremental validity of the PIC over diagnoses in the prediction of symptom ratings completed by teachers and clinicians. We found a high diagnosis-PIC correspondence only for developmentally disordered children; the overlap for children with emotional-conduct problems was poor. For the latter group, however, the correlation of diagnoses with symptom ratings was low, but the incremental validity of the PIC over diagnoses was high. We discuss the use of this profile typology in the clinical evaluation of children and present a case example.

['Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Personality Assessment', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Social Environment']

[['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F04.513'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['I01.880.853.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Trace element content of commercial shampoos: impact on trace element levels in hair.

Popular shampoos were screened for their contents in trace elements, using ICP-MS detection in a semi-quantitative mode. Hair samples from volunteers were analyzed before and after hair washing with selected shampoos to demonstrate the effect of the contamination and the impact on occupational medicine. While some shampoos showed high levels of certain elements, the degree of contamination on the hair was found to be negligible. Only one shampoo tested, formulated with selenium sulfide, was found to seriously contaminate the hair.

['Hair', 'Hair Preparations', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Trace Elements']

[['A17.360'], ['D27.720.269.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Antigenic changes in cultured murine lymphomas after retransplantation into syngeneic hosts.

When cultured murine lymphomas were retransplanted into syngeneic hosts, the quantitative representation of H-2 antigens and Moloney leukemia virus-determined cell-surface antigens tended to revert to the antigenic pattern characteristic of the corresponding lines propagated in vivo. In some instances, a complete reversion of both the virus-specific and H-2 antigens was observed after a single passage of cultured lymphoma cells in syngeneic hosts.

['Animals', 'Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Lymphoma', 'Mice', 'Moloney murine leukemia virus', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Transplantation, Homologous']

[['B01.050'], ['G12.122'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.327'], ['A11.251'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.596', 'B04.820.650.375.525.596'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['E04.936.864']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Renal tubular acidosis associated with type III glycogenosis.

Two children who presented with severe failure to thrive were found to have Type III glycogen storage disease. They both also had defects of tubular acidification, an association not previously described. The nature of the tubular lesion is characterized and the explanation and therapeutic implications are discussed.

['Acidosis, Renal Tubular', 'Glycogen Storage Disease', 'Glycogen Storage Disease Type III', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male']

[]

[]

MS1 Peptide Ion Intensity Chromatograms in MS2 (SWATH) Data Independent Acquisitions. Improving Post Acquisition Analysis of Proteomic Experiments.

Quantitative analysis of discovery-based proteomic workflows now relies on high-throughput large-scale methods for identification and quantitation of proteins and post-translational modifications. Advancements in label-free quantitative techniques, using either data-dependent or data-independent mass spectrometric acquisitions, have coincided with improved instrumentation featuring greater precision, increased mass accuracy, and faster scan speeds. We recently reported on a new quantitative method called MS1 Filtering (Schilling et al. (2012) Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11, 202-214) for processing data-independent MS1 ion intensity chromatograms from peptide analytes using the Skyline software platform. In contrast, data-independent acquisitions from MS2 scans, or SWATH, can quantify all fragment ion intensities when reference spectra are available. As each SWATH acquisition cycle typically contains an MS1 scan, these two independent label-free quantitative approaches can be acquired in a single experiment. Here, we have expanded the capability of Skyline to extract both MS1 and MS2 ion intensity chromatograms from a single SWATH data-independent acquisition in an Integrated Dual Scan Analysis approach. The performance of both MS1 and MS2 data was examined in simple and complex samples using standard concentration curves. Cases of interferences in MS1 and MS2 ion intensity data were assessed, as were the differentiation and quantitation of phosphopeptide isomers in MS2 scan data. In addition, we demonstrated an approach for optimization of SWATH m/z window sizes to reduce interferences using MS1 scans as a guide. Finally, a correlation analysis was performed on both MS1 and MS2 ion intensity data obtained from SWATH acquisitions on a complex mixture using a linear model that automatically removes signals containing interferences. This work demonstrates the practical advantages of properly acquiring and processing MS1 precursor data in addition to MS2 fragment ion intensity data in a data-independent acquisition (SWATH), and provides an approach to simultaneously obtain independent measurements of relative peptide abundance from a single experiment.

['Animals', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Peptides', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Proteomics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Software']

[['B01.050'], ['E05.916.680'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.900']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']

p42-MAP kinase is activated in EGF-stimulated interphase but not in metaphase-arrested HeLa cells.

It is known that cellular signals produced in response to an inappropriate spindle formation cause the cell to be arrested at metaphase (M) in the cell cycle. We report here that the 42-kDa isoform of MAPK (ERK2) was tyrosyl-phosphorylated and activated in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in interphase but not in M-arrested HeLa cells. However, the basal level of activity of M-arrested cells was higher than that of interphase, although the overall tyrosyl phosphorylation content was small. Further, the EGF receptor and its associated proteins GTPase-activating protein and phospholipase C were phosphorylated in M-arrested cells to a lower extent than they were in interphase. This implies that in spite of its high level of basal activity, the scarcity of MAPK activation in mitosis in response to EGF stems from an early impairment of phosphorylation of the receptor and neighboring proteins. The biological significance of these results underlies the importance of keeping the cell sheltered from extracellular signals when it undergoes division.

['Enzyme Activation', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Interphase', 'Metaphase', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Phosphorylation', 'Tyrosine']

[['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.144.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Polymer-Free Biolimus-Eluting Stent and Durable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stent in All-Comer Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.

We aim to compare Polymer-Free Biolimus-Eluting Stent (PF-BES) with Durable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting stent (DP-EES) in unselected patients. PF-BES showed a favorable profile in high-bleeding risk patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Limited data are available on PF-BES compared with second-generation durable polymer-coated drug-eluting stents in patients eligible for standard dual antiplatelet therapy. A total of 848 consecutive patients were enrolled: 306 patients were treated with PF-BES and 542 with DP-EES. Stent performance was tested in a propensity score-matched population and in a Complex Higher-Risk and Indicated Patients (CHIP) subpopulation. A per-lesion analysis on 1,204 lesions (PF-BES = 424 vs DP-EES = 780) was also performed. At a medium follow-up of 18.5 ± 5.0 months, no differences in the matched population were found in terms of major adverse cardiac events (PF-BES 9.0% vs DP-EES 4.5%; p 0.091), myocardial infarction (PF-BES 6.2% vs DP-EES 2.3%; p 0.111), stent restenosis (PF-BES 2.3% vs DP-EES 0.0%; p 0.123), definite or probable stent thrombosis (PF-BES 2.8% vs DP-EES 1.1%; p 0.448). A significant inferior rate of restenosis was observed in the DP-EES arm in the whole (PF-BES 2.3% vs DP-EES 0.6%; p 0.041) and CHIP populations (PF-BES 4.3% vs DP-EES 0.5%; p 0.023), as well as in the per-lesion analysis (DP-EES 0.4% vs PF-BES 1.7%; p 0.039). In conclusion, in a real-world cohort PF-BES performed similarly to DP-EES in terms of restenosis and stent thrombosis in the matched population. Nonetheless, in the whole and CHIP populations, as well as in the per-lesion analysis, restenosis occurrence resulted higher in the PF-BES group.

['Absorbable Implants', 'Aged', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Everolimus', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Sirolimus', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['E07.695.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

Nutritional development and the target weight debate.

Postnatal nutrition has immediate and long-lasting effects on beef heifer reproductive efficiency, longevity, and productivity. This article reviews the effects of nutrients and nutritional management on reproduction in developing heifers. In addition, the current debate on the preferred target weight for heifers at breeding is discussed.

['Animal Husbandry', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Breeding', 'Cattle', 'Female', 'Food Industry', 'Meat', 'Nutritional Status', 'Reproduction', 'Sexual Development']

[['J01.040.090'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['J01.576.423'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G07.345.750', 'G08.686.841']]

['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

The surface glycoprotein of a natural feline leukemia virus subgroup A variant, FeLV-945, as a determinant of disease outcome.

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a natural retrovirus of domestic cats associated with degenerative, proliferative and malignant diseases. Studies of FeLV infection in a cohort of naturally infected cats were undertaken to examine FeLV variation, the selective pressures operative in FeLV infection that lead to predominance of natural variants, and the consequences for infection and disease progression. A unique variant, designated FeLV-945, was identified as the predominant isolate in the cohort and was associated with non-T-cell diseases including multicentric lymphoma. FeLV-945 was assigned to the FeLV-A subgroup based on sequence analysis and receptor utilization, but was shown to differ in sequence from a prototype member of FeLV-A, designated FeLV-A/61E, in the long terminal repeat (LTR) and the surface glycoprotein gene (SU). A unique sequence motif in the FeLV-945 LTR was shown to function as a transcriptional enhancer and to confer a replicative advantage. The FeLV-945 SU protein was observed to differ in sequence as compared to FeLV-A/61E within functional domains known to determine receptor selection and binding. Experimental infection of newborn cats was performed using wild type FeLV-A/61E or recombinant FeLV-A/61E in which the LTR (61E/945L) or LTR and SU (61E/945SL) were exchanged for that of FeLV-945. Infection with either FeLV-A/61E or 61E/945L resulted in T-cell lymphoma of the thymus, although 61E/945L caused disease significantly more rapidly. In contrast, infection with 61E/945SL resulted in the rapid induction of a multicentric lymphoma of B-cell origin, thus recapitulating the outcome of natural infection and implicating FeLV-945 SU as a determinant of disease outcome. Recombinant FeLV-B was detected infrequently and at low levels in multicentric lymphomas, and was thereby not implicated in disease induction. Preliminary studies of receptor interaction indicated that virus particles bearing FeLV-945 SU bind to the FeLV-A receptor more efficiently than do particles bearing FeLV-A/61E SU, and that soluble SU proteins expressed from the viruses demonstrate the same differential binding phenotype. Preliminary mutational analysis of FeLV-945 was performed by exchanging regions containing either the primary receptor binding determinant, VRA, the secondary determinant, VRB, or a proline-rich region, PRR, with that of FeLV-A/61E. Results implicated a region containing VRA as a minor contributor, while a region containing VRB largely conferred increased binding efficiency.

['Animals', 'Cats', 'Leukemia Virus, Feline', 'Leukemia, Feline', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Receptors, Virus']

[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['B04.613.807.375.500', 'B04.820.650.375.500'], ['C01.925.782.815.622', 'C04.557.337.385', 'C22.180.500'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.543.750.830']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Immunohistochemical distribution of alpha-neo-endorphin/dynorphin neuronal systems in rat brain: evidence for colocalization.

alpha-Neo-endorphin and dynorphin immunoreactivities in rat brain were visualized by double antibody immunofluorescence of frozen sections. Antibodies were used that were specific for their respective antigens. The pattern of neuronal immunostaining produced by alpha-neo-endorphin and dynorphin antisera in adjacent serial sections was completely superimposible. No areas were found in which alpha-neo-endorphin or dynorphin immunoreactivities existed alone. The following brain regions contained alpha-neo-endorphin/dynorphin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals: the median forebrain bundle, the internal capsule, the substantia nigra, the hypothalamus, the nucleus accumbens, the hippocampus, and the medulla oblongata. A few fibers were seen in the cerebral cortex and in the corpus striatum. In many regions, this neuronal fiber system seems to overlap the neuronal system previously described to contain [Met]-/[Leu]enkephalin-immunoreactive material. In brains from colchicine-treated animals, numerous alpha-neo-endorphin/dynorphin-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were seen in the supraoptic, retrochiasmatic supraoptic, paraventricular, and magnocellular accessory nuclei of the hypothalamus. It is concluded that alpha-neo-endorphin-like and dynorphin-like immunoreactivities are part of the same neuronal system.

['Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Brain', 'Colchicine', 'Dynorphins', 'Endorphins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Nerve Endings', 'Neurons', 'Protein Precursors', 'Rats']

[['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D03.132.225'], ['D12.644.400.575.180', 'D12.776.631.650.575.180'], ['D12.644.400.575.241', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A08.800.550'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.811'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Synergistic effects of BuChE non-UU phenotype and paraoxonase (PON1) 55 M allele on the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: influence on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and oxidative stress, preliminary report.

There is some evidence indicating lipid peroxidation can affect progression of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) are two major bioscavenger enzymes that are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Hyperlipidemia, increase in lipid oxidation reactions and defects in antioxidant status may lead to increased oxidative stress and high frequency of CVDs in SLE. It has also been suggested that deficiency in the function of the antioxidant system and an increase in reactive oxygen release (ROS) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study is the first investigation to examine the association of BuChE phenotypes, PON1 (L55M; PON-55-M) polymorphism, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), neopterin, lipid-lipoprotein and activities of BuChE and arylesterase activity (ARE) of PON with severity of SLE. The present case-control study consisted of 109 SLE patients and 101 gender- and age-matched, unrelated healthy control subjects from the population of west Iran. We found that the PON-55-M allele and BuChE non-UU act synergistically to increase the risk of SLE by 2.5 times (1.03-6.7, p = 0.044). There was a significant negative correlation between severity of SLE with serum BuChE activity (R = -0.31, p < 0.001) and positive correlation with serum neopterin level. The SLE patients with the PON-55-M (M/L + M/M) allele or with BuChE non-UU phenotype had significantly lower serum ARE and BuChE activities than those with PON-55-L/L or BuChE-UU phenotypes, respectively. In addition, their serum levels of MDA, neopterin and LDL-C were significantly elevated, suggesting that these individuals are more susceptible to CVD. However, further studies are needed to shed more light on the contribution of the M allele of PON1 and non-UU phenotypes of BuChE in the development of SLE in different ethnicities.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Biomarkers', 'Butyrylcholinesterase', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Iran', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Middle Aged', 'Neopterin', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phenotype', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['D23.101'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['D02.047.700'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.202.500', 'D08.211.090.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

[Induction of hematopoietic cell apoptosis by the serum from immune-mediated aplastic anemia mice].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of the impairment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in aplastic anemia(AA) mice.METHODS: The hematopoietic cells from normal mice bone marrow were incubated with serum from AA mice in the presence of recombinant GM-CSF and IL-3. Parallel controls, i.e. hematopoietic cells from normal mice with or without serum of normal mice, were conducted. At different time, samples were collected and detected by flow cytometry (FACS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and gel electrophoresis.RESULTS: In the 16 post hour-culture of the experimental group mice: (i) The percentages of apoptotic cells were increased. (ii) Hematopoietic cells showed nuclear condensation, margination and blebbing under TEM. (iii) Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from the 13,000x g supernatant showed a ladder pattern. The percentage of DNA fragmentation measured by diphenylamine reaction was also increased and (iv) ZnSO4, cycloheximide and actinomycin D could partially suppress the induction of DNA fragmentation and delay the ocurrence of apoptosis.CONCLUSION: Apoptosis occurs in hematopoietic cells when incubated with serum from immune-mediated AA mice.

['Anemia, Aplastic', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Immune Sera', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred DBA']

[['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Accidental guide catheter fracture in mechanical thrombectomy.

Endovascular thrombectomy is now the standard of care for large vessel occlusion stroke. The aim is to achieve rapid and complete recanalisation while avoiding complications. Apart from the conventional complications of neurointerventional procedures, mechanical thrombectomy has its unique set of complications, inherent to the disease pathophysiology. We describe an unusual complication of catheter fracture and subsequent distal embolisation into the cerebral vasculature, which was noticed 24 hours after the procedure. Due to a lack of clinical consequences, we decided to manage it conservatively. The patient died within the following few days from respiratory complications unrelated to the stroke or the endovascular thrombectomy procedure. Consequently, we were able to retrieve the fractured segment and carry out histopathological analysis, which helped us to identify exactly its origin from the guide catheter. We believe that systematic reporting and database compilation of such device-related complications will aid in the design and development of neurointerventional devices in the future.

['Aged, 80 and over', 'Autopsy', 'Equipment Failure', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Humans', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Stroke', 'Thrombectomy', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E05.325'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200.450', 'C10.228.140.300.510.200.387', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200.450', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200.450', 'C14.907.253.560.200.387', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200.450', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200.450', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200.450'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E04.100.814.842'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']

ALG3 contributes to the malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer and is negatively regulated by MiR-98-5p.

OBJECTIVE: Alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase (ALG3) is an oncoprotein associated with multiple malignancies. We aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of ALG3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS: We detected the expressions of ALG3 in NSCLC tissues and adjacent tissues by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between ALG3 expression and pathological paremeters. Then we used shRNA to construct a low expression model of ALG3 in NCI-H292 and NCI-H460. CCK-8 assay and transwell assay were then performed to monitor the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Western blot was to detect the expression of EMT-related indicators. Further, the interaction of miR-98-5p with ALG3 was verified by luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS: The expression of ALG3 in NSCLC tissues was higher than that in normal tissues, and the increase in ALG3 expression was significantly associated with higher T stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor tissue differentiation. Patients with high ALG3 expression had a worse prognosis. ALG3 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. In addition, the knockdown of ALG3 resulted in increased expression of EMT-related protein E-cadherin, while N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was decreased. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that miR-98-5p can specifically bind to the 3'UTR of ALG3 and reduces its expression and activity.CONCLUSION: ALG3 can promote the progression of NSCLC and is negatively regulated by miR-98-5p.

['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Disease Progression', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mannosyltransferases', 'MicroRNAs', 'Prognosis']

[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.560'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E01.789']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Isolation and some characteristics of a subgroup J-like avian leukosis virus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens in the United States.

Several subgroup J-like avian leukosis viruses (ALV-Js) were isolated from broiler breeder (BB) and commercial broiler flocks experiencing myeloid leukosis (ML) at 4 wk of age or older. In all cases, diagnosis of ML was based on the presence of typical gross and microscopic lesions in affected tissues. The isolates were classified as ALV-J by 1) their ability to propagate in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) that are resistant to avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups A and E (C/AE) and 2) positive reaction in a polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for ALV-J. The prototype strain of these isolates, an isolate termed ADOL-Hc1, was obtained from an adult BB flock that had a history of ML. The ADOL-Hc1 was isolated and propagated on C/AE CEF and was distinct antigenically from ALV of subgroups A, B, C, D, and E, as determined by virus neutralization tests. Antibody to ADOL-Hc1 neutralized strain HPRS-103, the prototype of ALV-J isolated from meat-type chickens in the United Kingdom, but antibody to HPRS-103 did not neutralize strain ADOL-Hc1. On the basis of both viremia and antibody, prevalence of ALV-J infection in affected flocks was as high as 87%. Viremia in day-old chicks of three different hatches from a BB flock naturally infected with ALV-J varied from 4% to 25%; in two of the three hatches, 100% of chicks that tested negative for virus at hatch had evidence of viremia by 8 wk of age. The data document the isolation of ALV-J from meat-type chickens experiencing ML as young as 4 wk of age. The data also suggest that strain ADOL-Hc1 is antigenically related, but not identical, to strain HPRS-103 and that contact transmission of ALV-J is efficient and can lead to tolerant infection.

['Animals', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Avian Leukosis', 'Avian Leukosis Virus', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chickens', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Meat', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'United States']

[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.327'], ['C01.925.782.815.096', 'C01.925.928.120', 'C04.557.337.372.216', 'C04.619.531.216', 'C22.131.094'], ['B04.613.807.070.100', 'B04.820.650.070.100'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

[Carpal tunnel syndrome. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the tourniquet test].

The tourniquet test devised by Gilliatt was used in 54 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and its value was assessed in diagnosis and prognosis. The test procedures dysaesthesia in the median territory when the tourniquet is inflated above the systolic pressure. The value of the test was similar to that of electrical stimulation of the nerve. When the test was positive after less than 15 seconds, the anatomical lesions were severe in most of the cases. It is concluded that the test has both diagnostic and prognostic value.

['Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prognosis', 'Time Factors', 'Tourniquets']

[['C10.668.829.500.500.200', 'C10.668.829.550.200', 'C26.844.150.206'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E01.789'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E07.926']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

PGC-1á Controls Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Drug-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Anti-cancer drug resistance is a serious issue for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although recent studies have shown the mechanism by which CRC cells become drug resistant, novel strategies for overcoming this drug resistance have not yet been developed. To address this problem, we characterized 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-resistant CRC cells after treatment with 5FU, and focused on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1á) in these cells. In 5FU-resistant CRC cells, the 5FU did not considerably decrease the mitochondrial biogenesis or mitochondrial complex I and IV activities, and only partially decreased the antioxidant enzymatic activity, oxygen consumption ratio, and cell survival. The expression of PGC-1á was remarkably increased in the 5FU-resistant CRC cells compared with the 5FU-sensitive CRC cells. The 5FU-resistant CRC cells displayed enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and antioxidant enzyme activities against 5FU-induced reactive oxygen species, because of the increased expression of PGC-1á. PGC-1á inhibited 5FU-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the 5FU-resistant CRC cells, resulting in the suppression of apoptosis. These findings reveal that PGC-1á plays an important role in drug resistance in 5FU-resistant CRC cells. Moreover, PGC-1á could serve as a novel target in patients with 5FU-resistant CRC.

['Antioxidants', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Cytoprotection', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Models, Biological', 'Organelle Biogenesis', 'Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']

[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G07.690.773.500'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G04.434'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G04.618', 'G16.645'], ['D12.644.360.024.314.650', 'D12.776.157.057.080.650', 'D12.776.157.725.813.875', 'D12.776.476.024.394.650', 'D12.776.660.675.650', 'D12.776.664.962.813.875', 'D12.776.930.617.650'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Activity and synergistic antimicrobial activity between diketopiperazines against bacteria in vitro.

The aim of the present study was to determine the synergistic effects of diketopiperazines [cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu) (1), cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Leu) (2), and cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Tyr) (3)] purified from a Bacillus sp. N strain associated with entomopathogenic nematode Rhabditis (Oscheius) sp. on the growth of bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the diketopiperazines was compared with that of the standard antibiotics. The synergistic antibacterial activities of the combination of diketopiperazines against pathogenic bacteria were assessed using the checkerboard assay and time-kill methods. The results of the present study showed that the combination effects of diketopiperazines were predominately synergistic (FIC index <0.5). Furthermore, time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was completely attenuated with 4-12 h of treatment with 50:50 ratios of diketopiperazines. These results suggest that the combination of diketopiperazines may be microbiologically beneficial. The three diketopiperazines are nontoxic to normal human cell line (L231 lung epithelial) up to 200 m ìg/ml. The in vitro synergistic activity of cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu), cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Leu), and cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Tyr) against bacteria is reported here for the first time. These findings have potential implications in delaying the development of resistance as the antibacterial effect is achieved with lower concentrations of both drugs (diketopiperazines).

['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Cell Line', 'Diketopiperazines', 'Drug Synergism', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests']

[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.383.606.385'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Comprehensive population screening in the Ashkenazi Jewish population for recurrent disease-causing variants.

The Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population has an increased risk for a variety of recessive diseases due to historical founder effects and genetic drift. For some, the disease-causing founder mutations have been identified and well-characterized, but for others, further study is necessary. The purpose of this study is to assess the carrier frequencies of 85 pathogenic variants causative of 29 recessive conditions in the AJ population. Up to 3000 AJ individuals were genotyped by Luminex MagPlex® -TAG™ bead array or Agena Bioscience™ MassARRAY assays. We identified seven conditions with carrier frequencies higher than 1 in 100, nine between 1 in 100 and 1 in 200, and four between 1 in 200 and 1 in 500. Variants in nine conditions had a detected carrier rate of less than 1 in 500 or were not identified in approximately 2000 AJ individuals. We assessed the combined AJ carrier frequency for 18 relatively prevalent diseases to be 1 in 6, and the risk of AJ individuals to be a carrier couple for one of these 18 diseases as 1 in 441. We note additional recessive genetic conditions should be considered for AJ carrier screening panels.

['Female', 'Founder Effect', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Genetic Carrier Screening', 'Genetic Diseases, Inborn', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Testing', 'Genetics, Population', 'Genotype', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Jews', 'Male', 'Mutation']

[['G05.285'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['E01.370.225.562.250', 'E05.200.562.250', 'E05.393.435.250', 'N02.421.308.200', 'N02.421.726.233.221.250'], ['C16.320'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.754.600'], ['G05.365.590']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Transcriptional Characterization of Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Multicentric Study.

Stage I epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) represents about 10% of all EOCs. It is characterized by a complex histopathological and molecular heterogeneity, and it is composed of five main histological subtypes (mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell and high, and low grade serous), which have peculiar genetic, molecular, and clinical characteristics. As it occurs less frequently than advanced-stage EOC, its molecular features have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using in silico approaches and gene expression data, on a multicentric cohort composed of 208 snap-frozen tumor biopsies, we explored the subtype-specific molecular alterations that regulate tumor aggressiveness in stage I EOC. We found that single genes rather than pathways are responsible for histotype specificities and that a cAMP-PKA-CREB1 signaling axis seems to play a central role in histotype differentiation. Moreover, our results indicate that immune response seems to be, at least in part, involved in histotype differences, as a higher immune-reactive behavior of serous and mucinous samples was observed with respect to other histotypes.

['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Humans', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription, Genetic']

[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.295', 'C04.588.322.455.199', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.350', 'C13.351.937.418.685.350', 'C19.344.410.199', 'C19.391.630.705.350'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.493'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Need fulfillment in the sexual relationships of HIV-infected men who have sex with men.

This article explores the associations among sexual need fulfillment, partner selection, and risky sexual behavior, using a functional/motivational perspective. The authors suggest that sexual needs influence partner selection (e.g., steady versus nonsteady), and engaging in UAI is influenced by sexual needs and partner selection. A sample of 108 HIV-positive gay men completed measures of sexual frequency, sexual risk-taking behaviors, and sexual need fulfillment. Results indicated support for both objectives. These men were more likely to choose a steady partner when they possessed greater relationship needs, whereas while men with higher substitution and pleasure needs were more likely to select nonsteady partners. In addition, only men who reported greater substitution needs were more likely to engage in UAI. The results suggest that certain sexual needs influence partner selection, but that sexual needs also influence what activities occur in the encounter.

['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anal Canal', 'Decision Making', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Sexual Partners', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'Unsafe Sex']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.677'], ['M01.778'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['F01.145.802.987']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Differential effects of Tyr-MIF-1, MIF-1, and naloxone on peptide YY-induced hyperphagia.

Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) and MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) act as opiate antagonists in various behavioral systems including ingestion. Central injection of peptide YY (PYY) elicits a powerful feeding response in satiated rats, and the opioid antagonist naloxone decreases eating in a variety of conditions including PYY-stimulated eating. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of Tyr-MIF-1 and MIF-1 as opiate antagonists on a naloxone-sensitive PYY model of hyperphagia. Naloxone at doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, SC, decreased hyperphagia induced by 2.4 micrograms PYY injected in the PVN. MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 had no effect on PYY-induced eating at doses comparable to naloxone (0.1 to 10.0 mg/kg, IP). These results suggest that in this model of eating behavior, Tyr-MIF-1 and MIF-1 do not act as opiate antagonists.

['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Hyperphagia', 'MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone', 'Male', 'Naloxone', 'Peptide YY', 'Peptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']

[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['C23.888.821.645'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.500', 'D12.644.400.400.700.500', 'D12.644.548.365.700.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.500'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['D06.472.317.662', 'D06.472.699.595', 'D12.644.548.595'], ['D12.644'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

[Evaluation of MRI in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: to study the features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on MRI of hands and wrists and compare MRI with clinical manifestations and laboratory tests of RA.METHODS: a total of 25 patients fulfilling the 2009 ACR/EULAR RA criteria were enrolled. MRI and plain films of hands and wrists and clinical data of swollen joints, tender joints, visual scale (VAS) score, DAS28 score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), RF classification, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP antibodies) were obtained simultaneously.RESULTS: MRI revealed pathologic findings on the wrist and hand joints in all diagnosed RA patients. VAS had a positive correlation with bone marrow edema(r = 0.562, P = 0.003). Although the disease duration was less or more than 1 year, the difference of bone erosion had statistical significance between anti-CCP antibody-positive group and anti-CCP antibody negative group (all P = 0.000). The serum concentration of RF-IgA had a positive correlation with bone marrow edema (r = 0.561, P = 0.041). The synovitis score of MRI of RA was higher in the RF-IgG positive group than that in the RF-IgG negative group (P = 0.035). There was significant difference in MRI synovitis between the RF-IgG or RF-IgM positive and negative groups of patients with a disease course of under 1 year (P = 0.015, P = 0.007). The serum CRP level had a positive correlation with arthroderma (r = 0.457, P = 0.022).CONCLUSION: MRI is proved to be a valuable examination for an early diagnosis and assessment of RA.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Activities of rifamycin derivatives against wild-type and rpoB mutants of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Rifalazil, a semisynthetic rifamycin, was shown previously to have exceptional potency against Chlamydia trachomatis (MIC of 0.00025 microg/ml). We therefore tested 250 additional rifamycin derivatives and identified 12 with activities that are eightfold more potent than that of rifalazil. These compounds also showed exceptional activities against rifampin-resistant strains that carry missense mutations in the rpoB gene. The antimicrobial potency and intracellular penetration of these agents suggest their potential in treatment of chlamydial infections.

['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Humans', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Rifamycins']

[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['B03.440.190.190.190.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['D03.633.400.811', 'D04.345.295.750']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Rapid inactivation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 by cathepsin G associated with lymphocytes.

The CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 is produced constitutively in different tissues. It is the only known ligand for CXCR4, which is widely expressed in leukocytes and in some tissue cells, and acts as coreceptor for X4 HIV strains. Because of the general interest in the mechanisms that regulate the activity of constitutively expressed chemokines, we have studied the inactivation of SDF-1 in cells that bear CXCR4. Here we show that B lymphocytes, NK cells and, to a lesser extent, T lymphocytes inactivate SDF-1 by N-terminal processing. Inactivation is due to cathepsin G which is associated with the membrane of lymphocytes and rapidly cleaves off five N-terminal residues by acting on the Leu(5)-Ser(6) bond yielding SDF-1(6-67). Processing was observed with intact cells, cell membrane preparations and soluble cathepsin G obtained by extraction of the membranes with Triton X-100. Cathepsin G is released by neutrophils and monocytes and binds on the surface of lymphocytes by an apparently saturable process. Analysis of the product obtained, the time course and the sensitivity to inhibitors shows that cathepsin G is the only protease involved. Conversion of SDF-1 to SDF-1(6-67) was complete within minutes to 1-2 h depending on the enzyme source, and was abrogated by inhibitors of serine proteases and chymostatin. Diprotin A, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, was without effect. Owing to its availability on the surface of SDF-1-responsive cells and its rapid effect, cathepsin G is likely to play a significant role in down-regulating SDF-1 activity.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cathepsin G', 'Cathepsins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CXCL12', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lymphocytes', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptides', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Serine Proteinase Inhibitors', 'T-Lymphocytes']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D08.811.277.656.224.350', 'D08.811.277.656.300.760.066', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.066'], ['D08.811.277.656.224'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.600', 'D23.125.300.120.600', 'D23.469.200.120.600', 'D23.529.374.200.120.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120', 'D23.125.300.120', 'D23.469.200.120', 'D23.529.374.200.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Effect of region, herd size, and milk production on reasons cows leave the herd.

Dairy Herd Improvement Holstein herd summary records (n = 11,259) were obtained for the year ending 1998. Reasons cows reportedly left the herd based on termination codes were analyzed for the effect of region, herd size, and herd milk production level. Regions were: North, Midsouth, and South. Herd sizes were: small (25 to 99), low medium (100 to 149), high medium (150 to 299), and large (greater than or equal to 300 cows). Milk production levels were: low (less than 7258 kg), medium (7258 to 9072 kg), and high (greater than 9072 kg). The overall percentage of cows leaving the herd was higher in the Midsouth than the South and increased with herd size. Low producing herds reported a lower percentage of cows left than high producing herds. Herds in the South reported more cows leaving for reproduction, death, and low production and fewer leaving for mastitis. Herds in the North and Midsouth reported more cows leaving for injury/other and disease, respectively. Cows left herds for disease less frequently in the North. Large herds in the South had a higher percentage leaving for low production than any herd size group in the North. Small herds reported more cows leaving for reproduction and mastitis than high medium and low medium size herds. The percentage of cows leaving for feet and leg problems was lowest for small size herds. High producing herds reported more cows leaving for reproduction, mastitis, feet and legs and disease.

['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Female', 'Lactation', 'Mastitis, Bovine', 'Milk', 'Mortality', 'North America', 'Population Density', 'Reproduction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'South America']

[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['C22.196.581'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['G08.686.784'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.107.757']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Correct in vivo processing of a chimeric ubiquitin-proapolipoprotein A-I fusion protein in baculovirus-infected insect cells.

The cDNA coding for human proapolipoprotein A-I was expressed as a ubiquitin fusion under the control of the polyhedrin promoter in baculovirus-infected Sf9 Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. The fusion protein was expressed at high level and was quantitatively cleaved in vivo. The cleaved product was purified and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was established. The data showed that authentic proapolipoprotein A-I has been produced, and thus demonstrated the existence in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells of a specific ubiquitin hydrolase activity.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Apolipoproteins A', 'Baculoviridae', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Moths', 'Protein Precursors', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transfection', 'Ubiquitins']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.200.100', 'D12.776.070.400.200.100', 'D12.776.521.120.200.100'], ['D10.532.091.200', 'D12.776.070.400.200', 'D12.776.521.120.200'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['D12.776.811'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.947']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus atrophaeus

Bacillus atrophaeus GQJK17 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Lycium barbarum L. in China, which was shown to be a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium as a new biological agent against pathogenic fungi and gram-positive bacteria. We present its biological characteristics and complete genome sequence, which contains a 4,325,818 bp circular chromosome with 4,181 coding DNA sequences and a G+C content of 43.3%. A genome analysis revealed a total of 8 candidate gene clusters for producing antimicrobial secondary metabolites, including surfactin, bacillaene, fengycin, and bacillibactin. Some other antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting genes were also discovered. Our results provide insights into the genetic and biological basis of B. atrophaeus strains as a biocontrol agent for application in agriculture.

['Bacillus', 'Biological Control Agents', 'China', 'Fungi', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Lycium', 'Plant Development', 'Rhizosphere']

[['B03.300.390.400.158.218', 'B03.353.500.100.218', 'B03.510.100.100.218', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218'], ['D20.215.113'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.300'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.310'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['G16.500.275.157.625', 'G16.500.853', 'N06.230.124.437']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']

Surgical treatment of glioblastoma in the elderly: the impact of complications.

The diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM) often carries a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of 14.6 months. A particular challenge is the diagnosis of GBM in the elderly population (age > 75 years), who have significant comorbidities, present with worse functional status, and are at higher risk with surgical treatments. We sought to evaluate the impact of current GBM treatment, specifically in the elderly population. The authors undertook a retrospective review of all patients aged 75 or older who underwent treatment for GBM from 1997 to 2016. Patient outcomes were evaluated with regards to demographics, surgical variables, postoperative treatment, and complications. A total of 82 patients (mean age 80.5 ± 3.8 years) were seen. Most patients presented with confusion (57.3%) and associated comorbidities, and prior anticoagulation use was common in this age group. Extent of resection (EOR) included no surgery (9.8%), biopsy (22.0%), subtotal resection (40.2%), and gross-total resection (23.2%). Postoperative adjuvant therapy included temozolomide (36.1%), radiation (52.5%), and bevacizumab (11.9%). A mean overall survival of 6.3 ± 1.2 months was observed. There were 34 complications in 23 patients. Improved survival was seen with increased EOR only for patients without postoperative complications. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that complications (HR = 5.43, 95% CI 1.73, 17.04, p = 0.004) predicted poor outcome. Long-term survivors (> 12 months survival) and short-term survivors had similar median preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (80 vs. 80, p = 0.43), but long-term survivors had unchanged postoperative KPS (80 vs. 60, p = 0.02) and no complications (0/9 vs. 23/72, p = 0.04). The benefit of glioblastoma treatment in our series was limited by the postoperative complications and KPS. Presence of a complication served as an independent risk factor for worsened overall survival in this age group. It is likely that decreased patient function limits postoperative adjuvant therapy and predisposes to higher morbidity especially in this age group.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Karnofsky Performance Status', 'Male', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500.500'], ['E04.525'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Randomized controlled trial of exercise training for older people (Sendai Silver Center Trial; SSCT): study design and primary outcome.

Physical exercise is expected to improve and maintain physical function in older people, thus promoting health and preventing or postponing the onset of disability in later life. The Sendai Silver Center Trial (SSCT) was a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of exercise training among healthy free-living older people. Sixty-five eligible participants, aged from 60 to 81 years, were randomly allocated to an exercise group or a control group. The subjects in the exercise group were asked to attend training classes at the Sendai Silver Center, a municipal health and welfare facility in the center of Sendai City, at least twice a week for 25 weeks. Each training class, lasting two hours, started with a warm-up session, followed by an endurance session with a bicycle ergometer, and a resistance exercise training session using rubber films, and ended with a cool-down session. The subjects in the control group were asked to attend recreational classes at the Center twice a month. There were no drop-outs or accidents during the intervention. Comparison of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) before and after the 25-week intervention revealed a significant increase in the exercise group (2.1 ml/kg/min) but no significant change in the control group. Our result is equivalent to the participants becoming younger in aerobic capacity by five years after six months of exercise training.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Endurance', 'Research Design']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Simultaneous infections with different serogroups of Legionella pneumophila investigated by routine methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Simultaneous infections with different Legionella spp. have rarely been described in the literature. We now report on seven sporadic cases of legionellosis of which three were simultaneous infections caused by multiple Legionella pneumophila serogroups. Four different legionellae were involved. L. pneumophila serogroup 1, two different types of L. pneumophila serogroup 4, and L. pneumophila serogroup 10 have been identified simultaneously from a lung tissue specimen of one patient. Specimens from two other patients each revealed two different legionellae of serogroups 1 and 4. The existence of different L. pneumophila serogroups in simultaneous infections has not only been documented by identifying the incriminated Legionella spp. by classical methods. In addition, preliminary results of Legionella spp. identification with the novel physical procedure of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been presented to evaluate its possible applicability for routine diagnostic procedures.

['Humans', 'Legionella', "Legionnaires' Disease", 'Serotyping', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared']

[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.450.450', 'B03.660.250.460.460'], ['C01.150.252.400.500.501', 'C01.748.382.380', 'C08.730.382.380'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

LncGPR107 drives the self-renewal of liver tumor initiating cells and liver tumorigenesis through GPR107-dependent manner.

BACKGROUND: With self-renewal and differentiation properties, liver tumor initiating cells (TICs) are the reasons for tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are critical modulators in many physiological and pathological processes. While, their roles in liver TICs are unknown.METHODS: An unbiased screening was performed using online-available data dataset. Liver TICs were sorted by FACS with surface marker CD133, or enriched by oncosphere formation. TIC self-renewal was examined by oncosphere formation and tumor initiation assay. Loss of function and gain of function assays were performed to examine the role of lncRNA. RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, ChIP, western blot and double FISH were used explore the molecular mechanism of lncRNA.RESULTS: We performed an unbiased screening for GPCR expression in liver cancers, and found GPR107 was the most highly expressed GPCR in liver cancer and liver TICs. GPR107 was essential for the self-renewal of liver TICs. The expression of GPR107 was regulated by a long noncoding RNA lncGPR107. LncGPR107 was also highly expressed in liver cancers and liver TICs. LncGPR107 drove the self-renewal of liver TICs through GPR107. Moreover, lncGPR107 recruited SRCAP complex to GPR107 promoter to drive its transcriptional activation. LncGPR107 depletion inhibited the binding of SRCAP complex and GPR107 promoter and subsequent GPR107 expression. Moreover, LncGPR107-SRCAP-GPR107 can be targeted for liver TIC elimination.CONCLUSION: GPR107 was the most highly expressed GPCR in liver cancer and liver TICs. LncGPR107 participated in the transcriptional regulation of GPR107 in cis, through recruiting SRCAP remodeling complex to GPR107 promoter. This work revealed the important role of GPCR signaling in liver TIC self-renewal and added a new layer for liver TIC and GPCR regulation.

['Aged', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Self Renewal', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Heterografts', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcriptome']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.144.220.235', 'G04.161.750.500.375', 'G05.113.415', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500.625'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308.370'], ['A01.941.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.872.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

In silico evolutionary analysis of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA).

BACKGROUND: In the past decade, researchers have proposed that the pldA gene for outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) is important for bacterial colonization of the human gastric ventricle. Several conserved Helicobacter pylori genes have distinct genotypes in different parts of the world, biogeographic patterns that can be analyzed through phylogenetic trees. The current study will shed light on the importance of the pldA gene in H. pylori. In silico sequence analysis will be used to investigate whether the bacteria are in the process of preserving, optimizing, or rejecting the pldA gene. The pldA gene will be phylogenetically compared to other housekeeping (HK) genes, and a possible origin via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) will be evaluated through both intra- and inter-species evolutionary analyses.RESULTS: In this study, pldA gene sequences were phylogenetically analyzed and compared with a large reference set of concatenated HK gene sequences. A total of 246 pldA nucleotide sequences were used; 207 were from Norwegian isolates, 20 were from Korean isolates, and 19 were from the NCBI database. Best-fit evolutionary models were determined with MEGA5 ModelTest for the pldA (K80 + I + G) and HK (GTR + I + G) sequences, and maximum likelihood trees were constructed. Both HK and pldA genes showed biogeographic clustering. Horizontal gene transfer was inferred based on significantly different GC contents, the codon adaptation index, and a phylogenetic conflict between a tree of OMPLA protein sequences representing 171 species and a tree of the AtpA HK protein for 169 species. Although a vast majority of the residues in OMPLA were predicted to be under purifying selection, sites undergoing positive selection were also found.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the pldA gene could have been more recently acquired than seven of the HK genes found in H. pylori. However, the common biogeographic patterns of both the HK and pldA sequences indicated that the transfer occurred long ago. Our results indicate that the bacterium is preserving the function of OMPLA, although some sites are still being evolutionarily optimized.

['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Computational Biology', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phospholipases A1', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']

[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.875'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.760.700']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Extractive spectrophotometric determination of some anti-inflammatory agents with methylene violet.

A fairly sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, piroxicam, diclofenac sodium, mefenamic acid or enfenamic acid in bulk samples and pharmaceutical preparations is described, based on the formation of a chloroform-soluble, coloured ion-association complex between the drug and Methylene Violet at pH 7.6.

['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Phenothiazines', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic']

[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['D02.886.369', 'D03.633.300.783'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

High Concentration of Sodium Metasilicate Impairs Autophagic Flux and Induces Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Silicon-doped materials have been widely used in bone regeneration research; however, a consensus on the safety range of silicon ions has not been reached and its toxicity mechanism remains to be further elucidated. This study aims to explore whether high level of sodium metasilicate can induce toxicity effect in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the role of autophagy and apoptosis in its toxic mechanism. HUVEC was treated with different level of high silicon and then investigated with respect to morphologic change, cell viability, immunofluorescence, the level of autophagy, and apoptosis-related protein. Moreover, bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) was applied to detect whether autophagic flux is disrupted, and 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) was used to determine the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. Results demonstrated that high-level silicon induced cell viability to decrease; LC3-II, p62, and apoptosis-related proteins were up-regulated after exposure to high-dose silicon (sodium metasilicate concentration more than 1 mM). There is no significant difference in LC3-II and p62 between Baf A1 and sodium metasilicate-exposed group. Besides, 3-MA further increased the apoptotic rate by inhibiting autophagy after high silicon exposure. Collectively, high concentration of silicon can impair autophagy and induce apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and autophagy may play a protective role in HUVEC apoptosis. Furthermore, silicon concentration used in HUVEC should not be more than 1 mM.

['Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Autophagic Cell Death', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Silicates']

[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['G04.011.500', 'G04.146.954.053'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.578.725', 'D01.837.725.700.760']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Methyl parathion-induced sperm shape abnormalities in mouse.

Metacid 50, the commercial grade of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate), a commonly used organophosphorus insecticide, was tested for its genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice using the sperm abnormality assay. Sperms of albino mice were examined at two time intervals, 1 week and 5 weeks after a single acute oral treatment with the pesticide at four dose levels, viz., 75.0, 37.5, 18.75 and 9.375 mg/kg body weight corresponding to 1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50, 1/8 LD50 and 1/16 LD50 values respectively. A dose-related statistically significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm observed indicates the genotoxic potency of methyl parathion.

['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'Methyl Parathion', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Mutagens', 'Reference Values', 'Spermatozoa']

[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.705.400.625.600.500', 'D02.705.539.345.600.500', 'D02.886.300.692.600.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence.

We conducted a 1000 Genomes-imputed genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for nicotine dependence, defined by the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence in 17 074 ever smokers from five European-ancestry samples. We followed up novel variants in 7469 ever smokers from five independent European-ancestry samples. We identified genome-wide significant association in the alpha-4 nicotinic receptor subunit (CHRNA4) gene on chromosome 20q13: lowest P=8.0 ? 10(-9) across all the samples for rs2273500-C (frequency=0.15; odds ratio=1.12 and 95% confidence interval=1.08-1.17 for severe vs mild dependence). rs2273500-C, a splice site acceptor variant resulting in an alternate CHRNA4 transcript predicted to be targeted for nonsense-mediated decay, was associated with decreased CHRNA4 expression in physiologically normal human brains (lowest P=7.3 ? 10(-4)). Importantly, rs2273500-C was associated with increased lung cancer risk (N=28 998, odds ratio=1.06 and 95% confidence interval=1.00-1.12), likely through its effect on smoking, as rs2273500-C was no longer associated with lung cancer after adjustment for smoking. Using criteria for smoking behavior that encompass more than the single 'cigarettes per day' item, we identified a common CHRNA4 variant with important regulatory properties that contributes to nicotine dependence and smoking-related consequences.

['European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'RNA Splice Sites', 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'Tobacco Use Disorder']

[['M01.686.508.400'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D13.444.735.544.550', 'G02.111.570.080.689.687.490', 'G05.360.080.689.687.490', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.800'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

Tolerance of radiotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Forty-three postmenopausal breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis were randomized to receive postoperative radiotherapy (45 Gy) or the combination of radiotherapy and 6 months of chemotherapy. Forty-three premenopausal patients had postoperative radiotherapy and were randomized to receive one of two different chemotherapy combinations. Pulmonary fibrosis was roentgenologically registered in approximately 70 per cent of the total patient population six months after initiation of therapy. Addition of chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide significantly increased the proportion of patients with pulmonary fibrosis compared with patients treated with radiotherapy only or radiotherapy combined with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. Premenopausal patients tolerated the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy better than postmenopausal patients of whom approximately 30 per cent did not tolerate 65 per cent or more of prescribed total dose of chemotherapy.

['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Axilla', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Menopause', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Radiotherapy, High-Energy', 'Random Allocation']

[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['A01.378.800.090'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.381.765'], ['E02.815.722'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']

Erratum to "IL8 and serum soluble TRAIL levels following anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody treatment in patients with metastatic colon cancer" [Clin. Lab. 2012; 58:501-505].

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common human cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related death. BevacizumAb is a humanized monoclonal antibody developed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the treatment of metastatic cancers. Our goal was to evaluate the possibility of using serum sTRAIL and IL8 as markers of treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with metastatic colon cancer.METHODS: The study was conducted in Denizli between November 10, 2009 and September 20, 2010. 25 patients (6 female, 19 male) with metastatic colon cancer whose mean age was 58.7 years, were selected and included in the study. All patients received therapy with BevacizumAb. All patients were followed in the Oncology Clinic of Denizli State Hospital and were evaluated by clinical status. sTRAIL and IL8 levels were measured by ELISA in the sera of 25 BevacizumAb treated metastatic colon cancer patients and 20 healthy age-gender matched controls. Measurements were taken before and after treatment.RESULTS: The serum sTRAIL concentrations in patients before therapy were similar to those of healthy age-gender matched controls, namely 1.23 +/- 0.06 ng/mL and 1.21 +/- 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. After BevacizumAb treatment, sTRAIL ratios were increased significantly in 11 of 25 patients. 14 patients showed progressive disease with median overall survival of only 8.1 +/- 0.4 months. These 14 patients were the same ones who showed no increase in sTRAIL levels after BevacizumAb treatment. We explored evidence for a correlation between sTRAIL levels and overall survival rates and observed that elevated sTRAIL levels after the BevacizumAb treatment were significantly associated with increased median overall survival up to 22.6 months. Serum IL8 levels were decreased in all patients who received BevacizumAb therapy.CONCLUSIONS: In BevacizumAb therapy, serum IL8 levels were decreased in all patients, and thus, changes in such levels were not correlated with disease outcome. Our data suggest measurement of changes in sTRAIL following BevacizumAb treatment may have prognostic value in metastatic colon cancer patients.

['Adenocarcinoma', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Bevacizumab', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate', 'TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']

[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.625', 'D12.776.467.374.750.625', 'D23.529.374.750.625'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

[Neonatal cutaneous hematopoiesis disclosing congenital rubella].

INTRODUCTION: Congenital rubella, which should disappear with widespread vaccination and mandatory obstetrical care, can occur as a purpuric eruption in the newborn. We report a case of blueberry muffin baby.CASE REPORT: An infant delivered after an "uneventful" pregnancy presented a generalized "purpuric" eruption and had axial hypotonia. Histology of a biopsy showed evidence of cutaneous erythropoiesis. The complete workup led to the diagnosis of congenital rubella.DISCUSSION: Cutaneous erythropoiesis is a well defined clinical and histological entity. There are several causes including infection and hematology disorders. Metastasis of a neuroblastoma, which must be eliminated by early biopsy, is the main differential diagnosis.CONCLUSION: Blueberry muffin rash is never idiopathic. The prognosis depends on the cause. Physicians should remember that congenital rubella has not yet been completely eradicated in France.

['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Rubella Syndrome, Congenital', 'Skin Diseases, Viral']

[['E01.171'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C01.925.782.930.700.700.700', 'C16.131.077.790'], ['C01.925.825', 'C17.800.838.790']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']

A physiological model for tert-amyl methyl ether and tert-amyl alcohol: hypothesis testing of model structures.

The oxygenate tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) is a gasoline fuel additive used to reduce carbon monoxide in automobile emissions. To evaluate the relative health risk of TAME as a gasoline additive, information is needed on its pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The objective of this study was to use a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe the disposition of TAME and its major metabolite, tert-amyl alcohol (TAA), in male Fischer-344 rats. The model compartments for TAME and TAA were flow-limited. The TAME physiological model had 6 compartments: lung, liver, rapidly perfused tissues, slowly perfused tissues, fat, and kidney. The TAA model had 3 compartments: lung, liver, and total-body water. The 2 models were linked through metabolism of TAME to TAA in the liver. Model simulations were compared with data on blood concentrations of TAME and TAA taken from male Fischer-344 rats during and after a 6-hour inhalation exposure to 2500, 500, or 100 ppm TAME. The PBPK model predicted TAME pharmacokinetics when 2 saturable pathways for TAME oxidation were included. The TAA model, which included pathways for oxidation and glucuronide conjugation of TAA, underpredicted the experimental data collected at later times postexposure. To account for biological processes occurring during this time, three hypotheses were developed: nonspecific binding of TAA, diffusion-limited transport of TAA, and enterohepatic circulation of TAA glucuronide. These hypotheses were tested using three different model structures. Visual inspection and statistical evaluation involving maximum likelihood techniques indicated that the model incorporating nonspecific binding of TAA provided the best fit to the data. A correct model structure, based upon experimental data, statistical analyses, and biological interpretation, will allow a more accurate extrapolation to humans and, consequently, a greater understanding of human risk from exposure to TAME.

['Administration, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Glucuronates', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Pentanols', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Time Factors', 'Tosylarginine Methyl Ester']

[['E02.319.267.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162', 'D02.241.152.811.162', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162', 'D09.811.922.162'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D02.033.415.640', 'D10.289.640'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832.670', 'D02.886.590.887.570', 'D12.125.068.050.900', 'D12.125.095.104.900']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']

The Association Between Retinal Neuronal Layer and Brain Structure is Disrupted in Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Both healthy and pathological aging due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with decreased brain grey matter volume (GMV) and disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure. Thinner macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography has been reported in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment. Emerging evidence suggested a link between thinner GC-IPL and lower GMV in subjects with no dementia using region-of-interest-based approach. However, it remains unknown whether GC-IPL thickness is associated with brain WM microstructure and how such association differed between normal and cognitively impaired subjects. Here, for subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI), thinner GC-IPL was associated with lower WM microstructure integrity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, corticospinal tracts, anterior thalamic radiation, and cingulum regions, while it was weakly associated with lower GMV in visual cortex and cerebellum. Nevertheless, these retina-brain associations were disrupted in the presence of cognitive impairment. Correlations between GMV and GC-IPL were lost in patients with cognitive impairment but no dementia (CIND) and AD patients. GC-IPL was related to WM microstructural disruption in similar regions with decreased significance. In contrast, lower WM microstructure integrity in the fornix showed a trend of correlation with thinner GC-IPL in both CIND and AD but not NCI. Collectively, our findings suggest the possible physiological retina-brain relationship in healthy aging, which might be disrupted by disease-induced changes in patients with cognitive impairment. Longitudinal study with larger patient sample should follow to confirm the disease mechanism behind these retina-brain relationship changes.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Brain', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Retinal Neurons']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['A08.675.650.850', 'A09.371.729.831', 'A11.671.650.850']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']

Retrieval of morphine-associated context induces cFos in dentate gyrus neurons.

Addiction has been proposed to emerge from associations between the drug and the reward-associated contexts. This associative learning has a cellular correlate, as there are more cFos+ neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after psychostimulant conditioned place preference (CPP) versus saline controls. However, it is unknown whether morphine CPP leads to a similar DG activation, or whether DG activation is due to locomotion, handling, pharmacological effects, or-as data from contextual fear learning suggests-exposure to the drug-associated context. To explore this, we employed an unbiased, counterbalanced, and shortened CPP design that led to place preference and more DG cFos+ cells. Next, mice underwent morphine CPP but were then sequestered into the morphine-paired (conditioned stimulus+ [CS+]) or saline-paired (CS-) context on test day. Morphine-paired mice sequestered to CS+ had ?30% more DG cFos+ cells than saline-paired mice. Furthermore, Bregma analysis revealed morphine-paired mice had more cFos+ cells in CS+ compared to CS- controls. Notably, there was no significant difference in DG cFos+ cell number after handling alone or after receiving morphine in home cage. Thus, retrieval of morphine-associated context is accompanied by activation of hippocampal DG granule cell neurons.

['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Dentate Gyrus', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Mental Recall', 'Mice', 'Morphine', 'Narcotics', 'Neurons', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Time Factors']

[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200'], ['G05.308'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['G01.910.857']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

The genetic background modifies the spontaneous and X-ray-induced tumor spectrum in the Apc1638N mouse model.

The effect of the genetic background on the tumor spectrum of Apc1638N, a mouse model for attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), has been investigated in X-irradiated and untreated F1 hybrids between C57BL/6JIco-Apc1638N (B6) and A/JCrIBR (A/J), BALB/cByJIco (C) or C3H/HeOuJIco (C3). Similar to the ApcMin model, the Apc1638N intestinal tumor multiplicity seems to be modulated by Mom1. Moreover, several additional (X-ray-responsive) modifier loci appear also to affect the Apc1638N intestinal tumor number. The genetic background did not significantly influence the number of spontaneous desmoids and cutaneous cysts in Apc1638N. In general, X-irradiation increased the desmoid multiplicity in Apc1638N females but had no effect in males. The opposite was noted for the cyst multiplicity after X-rays. Surprisingly, X-irradiated CB6F1-Apc1638N females were highly susceptible to the development of ovarian tumors, which displayed clear loss of the wild-type Apc allele.

['Adenomatous Polyposis Coli', 'Animals', 'Epidermal Cyst', 'Female', 'Fibromatosis, Aggressive', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Male', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Animal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'X-Rays']

[['C04.557.470.035.215.100', 'C04.588.274.476.411.307.089', 'C04.700.100', 'C06.301.371.411.307.090', 'C06.405.249.411.307.090', 'C06.405.469.158.356.090', 'C06.405.469.491.307.090', 'C06.405.469.578.249', 'C16.320.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.182.254'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.340.410'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.365.590.029.530'], ['C04.588.531', 'C22.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['C04.651'], ['C04.682', 'C26.733.476', 'G01.750.748.500.476'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Age, Alzheimer's disease and dementia in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Recent studies suggest that dementia in the most elderly (90 years of age and above) is only modestly related to Alzheimer's disease pathology. This raises the possibility that other, as yet unknown, disease processes may underlie dementia in this rapidly growing demographic group, and that efforts designed to combat Alzheimer's disease may not be appropriate for treating dementia in very elderly subjects. To study this question more closely, we examined the relationship between neocortical Alzheimer-type brain pathology and dementia in consecutive autopsies from 209 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of the effect of ageing on cognition. Almost half of the cohort was older than 90 years of age at death. We found that several measures of neocortical Alzheimer's pathology, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease neuritic plaque score and the Braak neurofibrillary tangle score, remained significant predictors of dementia, independent of age. In participants older than 90 years of age, intracranial atherosclerosis emerged as an important predictor of dementia in subjects with low Alzheimer's pathology scores, but did not mitigate the importance or population attributable risk of high Alzheimer's pathology scores on the odds of dementia. There was evidence that the threshold score for neurofibrillary pathology to cause dementia increased in the oldest subjects, but this was offset by an overall increase in neurofibrillary pathology in this age group. We conclude that neocortical Alzheimer's disease pathology remains significantly correlated with dementia, independent of age. In the most elderly, atherosclerosis also emerged as a cause of dementia in subjects with low Alzheimer's pathology scores. We found no evidence for a significant number of elderly subjects having dementia without an apparent cause.

['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Baltimore', 'Brain', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Arteriosclerosis', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Neurofibrillary Tangles', 'Plaque, Amyloid', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Severity of Illness Index']

[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.500.100', 'Z01.433.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.800', 'C14.907.137.126.372', 'C14.907.253.560.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A08.675.609.520', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.640.520', 'A11.671.573.520'], ['C23.300.821'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Further studies by Christoph Scheiner concerning the optics of the eye.

The physician, mathematician and astronomer was born in 1573 in Wald near Mindelheim in Swabia, Germany. He died in 1650 in Neisse in Silesia. He discovered the sun spots and also dealt with the physiological optics of the eye. Further observations of Scheiner's are represented, i.e. from his books Oculus and Rosa Ursina, concerning the anatomy of the eye, the crossing of the beams through a small opening (Camera obscura), stenopeic effect, proof that the crossing of the visual beams takes place in the eye, description of the cataract and its treatment, Christoph Scheiner's eye model, the visual angle, the rotational centre of the eye, the comparison of the optics of the eye and the telescope.

['Eye', 'Germany', 'History, 16th Century', 'History, 17th Century', 'Humans', 'Ophthalmology', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Vision, Ocular']

[['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['K01.400.475.750'], ['K01.400.504.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.468'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Mismatch repair in the antimutator Escherichia coli mud.

Antimutators are genetic mutants that produce mutations at reduced rates compared to the wild type strain. They are interesting because they may provide insights into the mechanisms by which spontaneous mutations occur. We have investigated a reported antimutator strain of Escherichia coli termed mud for its possible mechanism. The mud strain exhibits a decrease in both spontaneous mutagenesis and mutability with alkylated agents and base analogs. These types of DNA lesions are known to be the substrates for the E. coli methyl-directed mismatch repair encoded by the mutHLSU system. We investigated whether the putative antimutator effect results from the increased expression or activity of the mutHLSU system. To directly measure the mismatch repair capacity of mud cells, we have transfected them with phage lambda heteroduplexes and scored the fraction of mixed (unrepaired) infective centers. This transfection system has been used routinely to assay mismatch repair capacity in E. coli and other organisms. No difference between mud and wild type cells is observed. From the results of the experiments we conclude that the reported antimutator effect of mud does not result from enhanced mismatch repair capacity. This conclusion is consistent with recently published evidence that the mud effect does not represent a real antimutator effect, but is an artifact due to impaired growth of mud cells under certain selective conditions.

['Bacteriophage lambda', 'Base Pair Mismatch', 'DNA Repair', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Mutation', 'Transformation, Genetic']

[['B04.123.150.800.230', 'B04.123.205.230', 'B04.280.090.800.230'], ['G05.365.590.060'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.337'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.728.865']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Use of oral sodium polyacrylate in rat gastrointestinal alkali burns.

Alkali-induced injuries of the esophagus and stomach are currently medically managed with steroids and antibiotics. We investigated whether treatment with sodium polyacrylate (PANa), a proposed mucosal protectant, could decrease the deleterious effect of alkali injuries or prevent alkali injuries. Rats were randomized in 4 groups. Group I (control; n = 7) received 0.1 ml normal saline via gastric gavage. Groups II-IV received 0.1 ml 25% NaOH. Group II (n = 22) received no further treatment. Group III (n = 9) received 0.25% PANa ad lib in drinking water for 3 days prior to NaOH. Group IV received 0.25% PANa for 6 days after NaOH. Animals were weighed daily. At 6 days post NaOH, stomachs were removed from animals in Groups II-IV and burn lesions were outlined on tracing paper. 1 x 1 cm sections of burned areas were fixed, stained with H&E and histologically evaluated. In another study, 0.1 ml of 10% NaOH was given to 2 groups of animals. Group I (n = 22) received no other treatment, while Group II (n = 13) received PANa ad lib in drinking water for 3 days prior to NaOH. Of the animals treated with 25% NaOH, only those in Group II showed a decrease mean weight which was statistically significant on Day 4, p = 0.016. Mean burn areas were statistically greater in Group II than in Group IV (p = 0.025), while histologically, lesions were similar. Pretreatment with PANa prior to 10% NaOH prevented the weight loss which occurred daily in the control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

['Acrylic Resins', 'Animals', 'Burns, Chemical', 'Digestive System', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sodium Hydroxide']

[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['B01.050'], ['C26.200.156'], ['A03'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D01.045.250.750', 'D01.248.497.158.459.475', 'D01.857.745']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']

NKCC1 does not accumulate chloride in developing retinal neurons.

GABA excites immature neurons due to their relatively high intracellular chloride concentration. This initial high concentration is commonly attributed to the ubiquitous chloride cotransporter NKCC1, which uses a sodium gradient to accumulate chloride. Here we tested this hypothesis in immature retinal amacrine and ganglion cells. Western blotting detected NKCC1 at birth and its expression first increased, then decreased to the adult level. Immunocytochemistry confirmed this early expression of NKCC1 and localized it to all nuclear layers. In the ganglion cell layer, staining peaked at P4 and then decreased with age, becoming undetectable in adult. In comparison, KCC2, the chloride extruder, steadily increased with age localizing primarily to the synaptic layers. For functional tests, we used calcium imaging with fura-2 and chloride imaging with 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide. If NKCC1 accumulates chloride in ganglion and amacrine cells, deleting or blocking it should abolish the GABA-evoked calcium rise. However, at P0-5 GABA consistently evoked a calcium rise that was not abolished in the NKCC1-null retinas, nor by applying high concentrations of bumetanide (NKCC blocker) for long periods. Furthermore, intracellular chloride concentration in amacrine and ganglion cells of the NKCC1-null retinas was approximately 30 mM, same as in wild type at this age. This concentration was not lowered by applying bumetanide or by decreasing extracellular sodium concentration. Costaining for NKCC1 and cellular markers suggested that at P3, NKCC1 is restricted to M?ller cells. We conclude that NKCC1 does not serve to accumulate chloride in immature retinal neurons, but it may enable M?ller cells to buffer extracellular chloride.

['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Bumetanide', 'Calcium', 'Chlorides', 'Drug Interactions', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Retina', 'Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors', 'Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters', 'Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']

[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.065.884.150', 'D02.241.223.100.050.300.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.452.500', 'D02.886.590.700.150'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A09.371.729'], ['D27.505.519.562.906', 'D27.505.696.560.500.931'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.750', 'D12.776.157.530.937.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.875'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.750.625', 'D12.776.157.530.937.750.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.750.625', 'D12.776.543.585.937.875.625'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]

['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Transcatheter mitral valve implantation via transapical approach: an early experience.

OBJECTIVES: As many as 50% of patients with severe symptomatic mitral valve regurgitation are denied surgical valve replacement or repair due to high operative risk. We describe an early series of cases of transcatheter implantation with a CardiAQ™ mitral valve via a transapical approach.METHODS: Three consecutive patients with an Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) mortality score of >22% were selected for transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) on compassionate grounds. All patients were elderly, had severe mitral regurgitation (MR), were in Class IV heart failure and deemed unsuitable for the MitraClip. Two of the patients had functional MR in the setting of ischaemic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, deemed while the remaining patient had chordal rupture with extensive anterior leaflet flail (preserved LVEF). Comorbidities included previous coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 2), severe pulmonary hypertension (n = 1) and moderate to severe chronic renal failure (n = 3). A CardiAQ mitral valve was implanted using fluoroscopy and transoesophageal (TEE) guidance via a standard transapical approach.RESULTS: Accurate prosthesis positioning and deployment with immediate elimination of the MR was achieved in all 3 cases. Two patients made full clinical recovery and were discharged home. Post-procedural TEE performed on Days 1, 30 and 60 days showed good valve function, stable valve position and minimal LVOT gradient. One patient expired on the postoperative day 9 due to pneumonia.CONCLUSIONS: TMVI using the CardiAQ™ device via a transapical approach is feasible and effective.

['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Treatment Outcome']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.695.310'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']

Preservation of biochemical liver function with low-dose soy-based lipids in children with intestinal failure-associated liver disease.

OBJECTIVES: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) contributes to significant morbidity in pediatric patients with intestinal failure (IF); however, the use of parenteral nutrition (PN) with a fish oil-based intravenous (IV) emulsion (FO) has been associated with biochemical reversal of cholestasis and improved outcomes. Unfortunately, FO increases the complexity of care: because it can be administered only under Food and Drug Administration compassionate use protocols requiring special monitoring, it is not available as a 3-in-1 solution and is more expensive than comparable soy-based IV lipid emulsion (SO). Because of these pragmatic constraints, a series of patient families were switched to low-dose (1 g kg(-1) day(-1)) SO following biochemical resolution of cholestasis. The present study examines whether reversal of cholestasis and somatic growth are maintained following this transition.METHODS: The present study is a chart review of all children with IFALD who switched from FO to SO following resolution of cholestasis. Variables are presented as medians (interquartile ranges). Comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS: Seven patients ages 25.9 (16.2-43.2) months were transitioned to SO following reversal of cholestasis using FO. At a median follow-up of 13.9 (4.3-50.1) months, there were no significant differences between pretransition and post-transition serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, direct bilirubin, and weight-for-age z scores. Because of recurrence of cholestasis, 1 patient was restarted on FO after 4 months on SO.CONCLUSIONS: Biochemical reversal of IFALD and growth were preserved after transition from FO to SO in 6 of 7 (86%) patients. Given the challenges associated with the use of FO, SO may be a viable alternative in select patients with home PN.

['Bilirubin', 'Boston', 'Child Development', 'Cholestasis', 'Compassionate Use Trials', 'Fat Emulsions, Intravenous', 'Fish Oils', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatic Insufficiency', 'Hospitals, Pediatric', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Nutrition Disorders', 'Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Liver', 'Malabsorption Syndromes', 'Medical Records', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Home', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Soybean Oil']

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['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']

Family ethics in caring for newborns with impairments.

The technological advances of modern society mean that family members have expanded obligations to care for newborns with severe impairments, who would have died in previous eras. This biological imbalance has created a moral one as well, for to care is to be penalized. Often this moral heroism can be sustained as a vacation only in communities based on the ideal of Christian love. Severely impaired children impose great physical and emotional stress on their parents, which can push the parents to the limits if they are unable to tap into altruistic emotions. Historically, children were not accorded moral status in the West until the Christian influence brought them into the moral community and encouraged parental responsibility. To fulfill their obligations, perhaps parents should bring their child with impairments home and relinquish care only when they find the burden too great. They are obligated to try because they brought the child into existence (biological-causal argument), because this caring is a reflection of God's image, and because children have a moral claim on their parents. Limits to parental obligations exist when continued care would be psychologically destructive for the parents, would conflict with obligations to other family members, particularly siblings, or would be harmful to the child because the atmosphere is no longer nurturing and loving.

['Congenital Abnormalities', 'Ethics', 'Family', 'Female', 'Home Nursing', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Moral Obligations', 'Morals', 'Personhood', 'Social Justice', 'Social Responsibility']

[['C16.131'], ['K01.752.566.479', 'N05.350'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['E02.760.611.470', 'N02.421.143.524.470', 'N02.421.533.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['F01.829.500.760.500', 'K01.752.566.869.500'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['K01.752.566.479.660', 'N05.350.917'], ['I01.880.604.473.700', 'K01.752.566.479.830.750', 'N03.706.437.700', 'N05.350.958.750'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Mouse model for abortive rabies infection of the central nervous system.

When adult mice were injected by the footpad route with the attenuated rabies virus ERA/BHK, serum- and brain-associated antibody and interferon were produced, nonspecific cytotoxic cells and virus-specific cytolytic T cells in the spleen were activated, and a nonlethal infection of the central nervous system occurred. Cyclophosphamide treatment of these animals 1 day after virus infection suppressed antibody formation and induction of cytolytic T cells and resulted in a lethal infection. Virus injection into athymic mice also produced lethal infections. This indicated the importance of the T-cell response in survival but did not allow the response of cytolytic T cells to be distinguished from that of helper T cells. because cyclophosphamide has a longer-lasting effect on B cells than on T cells, the resulting mortality when virus is injected at intervals after cyclophosphamide treatment can be used to distinguish the importance of each of these cells in viral clearance. Although delay of rabies virus ERA/BHK injection until 3 days after cyclophosphamide treatment resulted in induction of a strong cytolytic T-cell response and reduced mortality, the mortality could be further reduced by delaying virus infection until the B-cell response had recovered. This indicated that both humoral and cellular immune components were vital for survival in this model.

['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Central Nervous System Diseases', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Immunosuppression', 'Interferons', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Mice, Nude', 'Rabies', 'Rabies virus', 'T-Lymphocytes']

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['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Fractal analysis of mammographic lesions: a prospective, blinded trial.

Mammography has become the mainstay of breast cancer screening. However, widespread mammography has led to an increase of the number of breast biopsies done for benign disease. Therefore, a method to better discriminate benign from malignant lesions is needed. Fractal analysis is a mathematical method which can quantify complex shapes. It has been previously shown retrospectively that the composite fractal dimensions, D, of malignant mammographic masses is higher than for benign lesions. A prospective study of 75 patients who were recommended to undergo needle localized breast biopsy by independent radiologists had the composite D calculated. Fractal analysis was done without knowledge of the biopsy results. The mean composite D of malignant lesions was higher than benign lesions, 2.545+/-0.067 vs. 1.936+/-0.144 (p=0.00004). Calculation of a receiver-operating characteristic curve showed that a cutoff value of 2.067 had a 100% sensitivity and 63 % specificity (i.e., false positive rate of 37%). Mean D for fibroadenomas was 2.087+/-0.054, fibrocystic disease was 1.877+/-0.167, DCIS was 2.261+/-0.069, and invasive cancer was 2.634+/-0.039 (1-way ANOVA, p=0.00007). These data imply that fractal analysis may be beneficial in discriminating between benign and malignant lesions. However, further study in a larger number of patients with a variety of lesions is needed.

['Analysis of Variance', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Female', 'Fibroadenoma', 'Fibrocystic Breast Disease', 'Fractals', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Single-Blind Method']

[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.595.350', 'C04.557.470.625.350'], ['C17.800.090.750'], ['E05.599.125', 'G17.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']

Learning new gait patterns is enhanced by specificity of training rather than progression of task difficulty.

The use of motor learning strategies may enhance rehabilitation outcomes of individuals with neurological injuries (e.g., stroke or cerebral palsy). A common strategy to facilitate learning of challenging tasks is to use sequential progression - i.e., initially reduce task difficulty and slowly increase task difficulty until the desired difficulty level is reached. However, the evidence related to the use of such sequential progressions to improve learning is mixed for functional skill learning tasks, especially considering situations where practice duration is limited. Here, we studied the benefits of sequential progression using a functional motor learning task that has been previously used in gait rehabilitation. Three groups of participants (N = 43) learned a novel motor task during treadmill walking using different learning strategies. Participants in the specific group (n = 21) practiced only the criterion task (i.e., matching a target template that was scaled-up by 30%) throughout the training. Participants in the sequential group (n = 11) gradually progressed to the criterion task (from 3% to 30% in increments of 3%), whereas participants in the random group (n = 11) started at 3% and progressed in random increments (involving both increases and decreases in task difficulty) to the criterion task. At the end of training, kinematic tracking performance on the criterion task was evaluated in all participants both with and without visual feedback. Results indicated that the tracking error was significantly lower in the specific group, and no differences were observed between the sequential and the random progression groups. The findings indicate that the amount of practice in the criterion task is more critical than the difficulty and variations of task practice when learning new gait patterns during treadmill walking.

['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Feedback, Sensory', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rehabilitation']

[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['F04.754.137.301.500', 'F04.754.308.500.500', 'F04.754.339', 'G07.410.732.500'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.169.063.500', 'E02.831', 'H02.403.680.600', 'N02.421.784']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']

Skin permeability of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in man.

The skin permeabilities of a series of eight salicylates and ten non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were investigated in human subjects. The logarithms of % absorption through intact skin and of n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log P) of the test compounds were plotted against one another, and a parabolic relationship was obtained in both compound series.

['Absorption', 'Administration, Topical', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Salicylates', 'Skin']

[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['E02.319.267.120'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595', 'D02.241.511.390.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595'], ['A17.815']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Retinoic acid inhibits induction of c-Jun protein by ultraviolet radiation that occurs subsequent to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in human skin in vivo.

Human skin is exposed daily to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV induces the matrix metalloproteinases collagenase, 92-kD gelatinase, and stromelysin, which degrade skin connective tissue and may contribute to premature skin aging (photoaging). Pretreatment of skin with all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) inhibits UV induction of matrix metalloproteinases. We investigated upstream signal transduction pathways and the mechanism of tRA inhibition of UV induction of matrix metalloproteinases in human skin in vivo. Exposure of human skin in vivo to low doses of UV activated EGF receptors, the GTP-binding regulatory protein p21Ras, and stimulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Both JNK and p38 phosphorylated, and thereby activated transcription factors c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2), which bound to the c-Jun promoter and upregulated c-Jun gene expression. Elevated c-Jun, in association with constitutively expressed c-Fos, formed increased levels of transcription factor activator protein (AP) 1, which is required for transcription of matrix metalloproteinases. Pretreatment of human skin with tRA inhibited UV induction of c-Jun protein and, consequently, AP-1. c-Jun protein inhibition occurred via a posttranscriptional mechanism, since tRA did not inhibit UV induction of c-Jun mRNA. These data demonstrate, for the first time, activation of MAP kinase pathways in humans in vivo, and reveal a novel posttranscriptional mechanism by which tRA antagonizes UV activation of AP-1 by inhibiting c-Jun protein induction. Inhibition of c-Jun induction likely contributes to the previously reported prevention by tRA of UV induction of AP-1-regulated matrix-degrading metalloproteinases in human skin.

['Activating Transcription Factor 2', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)', 'Signal Transduction', 'Skin', 'Transcription Factor AP-1', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Tretinoin', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Up-Regulation', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']

[['D12.776.260.108.061.750', 'D12.776.930.127.061.750'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.260.108.820', 'D12.776.624.664.700.182', 'D12.776.660.763', 'D12.776.930.127.820'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500.600', 'D12.644.360.525.500.600', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500.600', 'D12.776.476.525.500.600', 'D12.776.624.664.700.200'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A17.815'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']

Influence of nitrogen depletion in the growth of N. oleoabundans on the release of cellular components after beadmilling.

Cell disruption by bead milling of Neochloris oleoabundans grown under nitrogen repleted (NR) and nitrogen depleted (ND) conditions was evaluated based on the release of biochemicals and biomass to the supernatant. Additionally, energy consumption for cell disruption was calculated per kg of released component. Bead milling of NR cells resulted on average in 34% (w/w) release of biochemicals into the supernatant, with a similar composition as the untreated microalgal biomass. With ND cells, the release was higher and more selective, i.e. 57%, 59%, 68% and 56% (w/w) of respectively biomass, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids whereof 92%, 57% and 46% (w/w) respectively of phospho-, glyco- and neutral lipids.

['Biomass', 'Biotechnology', 'Chlorophyta', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipids', 'Microalgae', 'Nitrogen', 'Proteins']

[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['B01.650.940.150'], ['G03.295'], ['G03.458'], ['D10'], ['B05.080.500.600.500'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D12.776']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Which is important for preschoolers' production and repair of statements: what the listener knows or what the listener says?

Three- and four-year-olds participated in a referential communication task wherein they requested stickers from a knowledgeable or ignorant adult to complete a card. Following inadequate initial requests children were provided with three different feedback types: goal substitution (i.e. an incorrect sticker was provided), explicit statement of misunderstanding ('I don't know which one you mean'), and vague feedback ('Huh?'). Preschoolers' initial statements revealed sensitivity to the listener's perspective: more descriptors were provided when the listener did not have visual access to the card. Although listener's knowledge did not affect children's repair statements following feedback, the feedback type did: goal substitution elicited more repairs that included new descriptors, whereas vague responses elicited more repetition of initial requests than other feedback types. Children's age and verbal skills were related to the specific repair strategies used. Results demonstrate that preschoolers' use of cues from a conversational partner depends on the type of communicative task.

['Child Language', 'Child, Preschool', 'Communication', 'Cues', 'Feedback, Psychological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language Development', 'Male', 'Psychology, Child']

[['F01.525.200.310.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['F01.058.288', 'F04.754.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.525.200.310'], ['F04.096.628.193']]

['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']

CE-MRA of the lower extremities using HYPR stack-of-stars.

PURPOSE: To investigate the properties of HYPR (HighlY constrained back PRojection) processing-the temporal fidelity and the improvements of spatial/temporal resolution-for contrast-enhanced MR angiography in a pilot study of the lower extremities in healthy volunteers.MATERIALS AND METHODS: HYPR processing with a radial three-dimensional (3D) stack-of-stars acquisition was investigated for contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the lower extremities in 15 healthy volunteers. HYPR images were compared with control images acquired using a fast, multiphase, 2D Cartesian method to verify the temporal fidelity of HYPR. HYPR protocols were developed for achieving either a high frame update rate or a minimal slice thickness by adjusting the acquisition parameters. HYPR images were compared with images obtained using 3D TRICKS, a widely used protocol in dynamic 3D MRA.RESULTS: HYPR images showed good temporal agreement with 2D control images. In comparison with TRICKS, HYPR stack-of-stars demonstrated higher spatial and temporal resolution. High radial undersampling factors for each time frame were permitted, typically approximately 50 to 100 compared with fully sampled radial imaging.CONCLUSION: In this feasibility study, HYPR processing has been demonstrated to improve the spatial or temporal resolution in peripheral CE-MRA.

['Artifacts', 'Contrast Media', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Leg', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Pilot Projects']

[['E05.047'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']

Apoptosis and impaired axonal regeneration of sensory neurons after nerve crush in diabetic rats.

We investigated the possible induction of apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the defect of nerve regeneration after crush injury with reference to the JNK/c-jun and cAMP pathway in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the effects of a PGE1 analogue were tested in diabetic rats. At day 0 (before axonal injury), no TUNEL-positive DRG neurons were observed in any group. From day 1 to 7 after axonal injury, TUNEL-positive DRG neurons were seen in diabetic rats, but not in non-diabetic or PGE1-treated diabetic rats. The regeneration distance at day 7 after crush injury was shorter in diabetic rats than in the other groups of rats. The time course of JNK/c-jun phosphorylation did not parallel apoptosis. At day 7, the cAMP content of DRG was higher than that at day 0 in non-diabetic and PGE1-treated rats, whereas it was not increased after 7 days in diabetic rats. These results indicate that in diabetic rats apoptosis of DRG neurons is induced by axonal injury independently of the JNK/c-jun and cAMP pathway and that PGE1 rescues DRG neurons from apoptosis and improves axonal regeneration in diabetic rats.

['Afferent Pathways', 'Alprostadil', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Axons', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Male', 'Nerve Crush', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors', 'Vasodilator Agents']

[['A08.612.220'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.100', 'D10.251.355.325.050', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C10.668.829.300', 'C19.246.099.937'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.475'], ['E04.525.210.560'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.260.108.820', 'D12.776.624.664.700.182', 'D12.776.660.763', 'D12.776.930.127.820'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']

Trends and opportunities in geropsychiatric nursing: enhancing practice through specialization and interprofessional education.

Forecasted changes in the demographics of the United States suggest there will be an unprecedented need for health care professionals with specific training in geropsychiatric care. An aging society, the dearth of geropsychiatric health care professionals, the shortage of educators, and the lack of interprofessional geropsychiatric education require new strategies for nursing education to address these issues. The vision of the Institute of Medicine serves as a foundation for transforming geropsychiatric nursing and interprofessional education to prepare the next generation of nurses and the geropsychiatric workforce to improve the mental health care of older adults. This article aims to describe the importance and implications of implementing the recently released Geropsychiatric Nursing Competency Enhancements and the Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice to improve the mental health care of older Americans. A secondary aim is to discuss how to overcome barriers in implementing interprofessional education in geropsychiatric nursing care.

['Aged', 'Competency-Based Education', 'Education, Nursing', 'Geriatric Nursing', 'Humans', 'Interdisciplinary Studies', 'Patient Care Team', 'Program Development', 'Psychiatric Nursing', 'United States']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['I02.158.210'], ['I02.358.462'], ['H02.478.676.236', 'N02.421.533.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.158.405'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N04.452.760'], ['H02.478.676.710', 'N02.421.533.778'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Muscle-pair specific distribution and grip-type modulation of neural common input to extrinsic digit flexors.

To gain insight into the synergistic control of hand muscles, we have recently quantified the strength of correlated neural activity across motor units from extrinsic digit flexors during a five-digit object-hold task. We found stronger synchrony and coherence across motor units from thumb and index finger flexor muscle compartment than between the thumb flexor and other finger flexor muscle compartments. The present study of two-digit object hold was designed to determine the extent to which such distribution of common input among thumb-finger flexor muscle compartments, revealed by holding an object with five digits, is preserved when varying the functional role of a given digit pair. We recorded normal force exerted by the digits and electrical activity of single motor units from muscle flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and two compartments of the m. flexor digitorum profundus (FDP2 and FDP3; index and middle finger, respectively). Consistent with our previous results from five-digit grasping, synchrony and coherence across motor units from FPL-FDP2 was significantly stronger than in FPL-FDP3 during object hold with two digits [common input strength: 0.49 +/- 0.02 and 0.35 +/- 0.02 (means +/- SE), respectively; peak coherence: 0.0054 and 0.0038, respectively]. This suggests that the distribution of common neural input is muscle-pair specific regardless of grip type. However, the strength of coherence, but not synchrony, was significantly stronger in two- versus five-digit object hold for both muscle combinations, suggesting the periodicity of common input is sensitive to grip type.

['Adult', 'Female', 'Fingers', 'Hand', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Muscle, Skeletal']

[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']

The uncovering of a novel regulatory mechanism for PLD2: formation of a ternary complex with protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B and growth factor receptor-bound protein GRB2.

The regulation of PLD2 activation is poorly understood at present. Transient transfection of COS-7 with a mycPLD2 construct results in elevated levels of PLD2 enzymatic activity and tyrosyl phosphorylation. To investigate whether this phosphorylation affects PLD2 enzymatic activity, anti-myc immunoprecipitates were treated with recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. Surprisingly, lipase activity and PY levels both increased over a range of PTP1B concentrations. These increases occurred in parallel to a measurable PTP1B-associated phosphatase activity. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that an EGF-receptor type kinase is involved in phosphorylation. In a COS-7 cell line created in the laboratory that stably expressed myc-PLD2, PTP1B induced a robust (>6-fold) augmentation of myc-PLD2 phosphotyrosine content. The addition of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) to cell extracts also elevated PY levels of myc-PLD (>10-fold). Systematic co-immunoprecipitation-immunoblotting experiments pointed at a physical association between PLD2, Grb2, and PTP1B in both physiological conditions and in overexpressed cells. This is the first report of a demonstration of the mammalian isoform PLD2 existing in a ternary complex with a protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1b, and the docking protein Grb2 which greatly enhances tyrosyl phosphorylation of the lipase.

['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'GRB2 Adaptor Protein', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Phospholipase D', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Signal Transduction']

[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.290', 'D12.776.157.057.041', 'D12.776.476.024.377'], ['G05.308'], ['D05.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.710'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.100', 'D12.644.360.585.100', 'D12.776.476.564.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Bovine tendons. Aging and collagen cross-linking.

The level of cross-linking between the polypeptide chains of the collagen molecules in bovine tendons of different ages has been assessed by measuring quantitatively through densitometry the changes in the ratios of individual cyanogen bromide peptides separated on polyacrylamide gels. An increase in the number of cross-links in mature, as compared to young, tendons correlates with a depletion in the proportion of the free, COOH-terminal peptides alpha1-CB6 and alpha2-CB3,5 and with an increase in a broad distribution of peptides moving slowly in the gels: these peptides are not seen in digests of acid-soluble collagen. Some of these peptides which are presumably cross-linked migrate more slowly than beta components and collagen alpha chains and are apparently of a higher molecular weight. No increase in cross-linked peptides is detectable beyond the age of maturation; this analysis refutes, at least in this tissue, the common presumption that progressive cross-linking occurs in collagen through an animal's lifetime.

['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cattle', 'Collagen', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Tendons']

[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D05'], ['D12.644.541'], ['A02.880']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Usefulness of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with relapsing confusional syndrome.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows the assessment of several metabolites in brain tissue. In patients with hepatic encephalopathy, this technique shows a rise in glutamine and a decrease in myoinositol in brain tissue. However, the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is not known. We report the case of a patient with a relapsing confusional syndrome who underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Previously, hepatic encephalopathy was ruled out because of the negative results of a transjugular liver biopsy and normal hepatic venous pressure gradient. The results of magnetic resonance were characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated large portosystemic shunts associated with cirrhosis of the liver. This case shows that magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an useful technique for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in selected cases, such as those without clinical signs of cirrhosis and/or large portosystemic shunts.

['Biopsy', 'Brain', 'Confusion', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Hepatic Encephalopathy', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence']

[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.597.606.337', 'C23.888.592.604.339', 'F01.700.250'], ['E01.171'], ['C06.552.308.500.356', 'C10.228.140.163.360', 'C18.452.132.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937']]

['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']

Cancer risk among patients hospitalized for Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study in Sweden.

AIMS: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with potential mechanistic links to immune-related cancers. We aimed at examining the overall and specific cancer risks among hospitalized T1DM patients from the national registers in Sweden.METHODS: A T1DM research cohort was created by identifying T1DM patients from the Hospital Discharge Register and linking them with the Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for subsequent cancers were calculated among patients with T1DM compared with those without T1DM.RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-eight cases were ascertained with subsequent cancers during the follow-up duration from 1964 to 2006, with an increased overall SIR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.04-1.33) among 24 052 T1DM patients identified at baseline. Significant excess was noted for gastric and skin (squamous cell carcinoma) cancers and for leukaemia. Increased risk of acute lymphatic leukaemia accounted for most of the variation of leukaemia risk (SIR = 5.31, 95% CI 3.32-8.05). Cancer risk varied with sex, age at first hospitalization and numbers of hospitalizations. The risk was higher in women compared with men and in those hospitalized for T1DM at age over 10 years compared with the younger patients. Higher risks were also found among those with more hospital visits.CONCLUSION: By quantifying the variations of overall and site-specific cancer risks after T1DM, the current study provides novel associations between T1DM and subsequent cancers, the mechanisms of which remain to be established.

['Adolescent', 'Age Distribution', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Leukemia', 'Male', 'Medical Record Linkage', 'Neoplasms', 'Risk Factors', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Sweden']

[['M01.060.057'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.557.337'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.500', 'N04.452.859.564.550', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.500'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Human phospholipase D activity transiently regulates pyrimidine biosynthesis in malignant gliomas.

Cancer cells reorganize their metabolic pathways to fuel demanding rates of proliferation. Oftentimes, these metabolic phenotypes lie downstream of prominent oncogenes. The lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), which is produced by the hydrolytic enzyme phospholipase D (PLD), has been identified as a critical regulatory molecule for oncogenic signaling in many cancers. In an effort to identify novel regulatory mechanisms for PtdOH, we screened various cancer cell lines, assessing whether treatment of cancer models with PLD inhibitors altered production of intracellular metabolites. Preliminary findings lead us to focus on how deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are altered upon PLD inhibitor treatment in gliomas. Using a combination of proteomics and small molecule intracellular metabolomics, we show herein that PtdOH acutely regulates the production of these pyrimidine metabolites through activation of CAD via mTOR signaling pathways independently of Akt. These changes are responsible for decreases in dNTP production after PLD inhibitor treatment. Our data identify a novel regulatory role for PLD activity in specific cancer types.

['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phospholipase D', 'Pyrimidines', 'Signal Transduction', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases']

[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.710'], ['D03.383.742'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']

Influence of parental gender and self-reported health and illness on parent-reported child health.

BACKGROUND: Although there is clear evidence of the influence of parental factors on child health outcomes, the influence of parental perceptions of their health and illness on the reporting of child health remains primarily unknown.OBJECTIVES: To examine relationships between parents' reporting of their own health and illness with the reporting of their children's health and illness.METHOD: We surveyed parents of a representative population-based sample of children aged 5 to 18 years. One parent of each child completed a written questionnaire including the Child Health Questionnaire, a subjective measure of functional health and well-being, and an assessment of self-reported parental health and illness. Logistic regression models were used to examine relationships between parent and child health and illness.MAIN RESULTS: 5340 parents responded (86% mothers, 14% fathers). After adjusting for confounding effects, parents self-reporting poor health had increased odds of reporting their children with poor health (odds ratio: 7.5), although the effect was modified by parent gender. There were increased odds of mothers with self-reporting poor global health reporting their children with poor global health and illness (odds ratio: 9.0 and 2.5, respectively) that were not observed for fathers.CONCLUSIONS: A mother's self-reported health is strongly associated with her reporting of her child's health; this was not observed for fathers. These results suggest that parental gender should be considered as a mediating factor in the reporting of child health.

['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Australia', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child Welfare', 'Child, Preschool', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Population Surveillance', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']

[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.880.787.293'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']

The influence of fibrillin-1 and physical activity upon tendon tissue morphology and mechanical properties in mice.

Fibrillin-1 mutations cause pathological changes in connective tissue that constitute the complex phenotype of Marfan syndrome. In this study, we used fibrillin-1 hypomorphic and haploinsufficient mice (Fbn1mgr/mgR and Fbn1+/- mice, respectively) to investigate the impact of fibrillin-1 deficiency alone or in combination with regular physical activity on tendon tissue morphology and mechanical properties. Morphological and biomechanical analyses revealed that Fbn1mgr/mgR but not Fbn1+/- mice displayed smaller tendons with physical properties that were unremarkable when normalized to tendon size. Fbn1mgR/mgR mice (n = 43) Fbn1+/- mice (n = 27) and wild-type mice (WT, n = 25) were randomly assigned to either control cage conditions (n = 54) or to a running on a running wheel for 4 weeks (n = 41). Both fibrillin-1-deficient mice ran voluntarily on the running wheel in a manner similar to WT mice (3-4 km/24 h). Regular exercise did not mitigate aneurysm progression in Fbn1mgR/mgR mice (P < 0.05) as evidenced by unmodified median survival. In spite of the smaller size, tendons of fibrillin-1-deficient mice subjected to regular exercise showed no evidence of overt histopathological changes or tissue overload. We therefore concluded that lack of optimal fibrillin-1 synthesis leads to a down regulation of integrated tendon formation, rather than to a loss of tendon quality, which also implies that fibrillin-1 deficiency in combination with exercise is not a suitable animal model for studying the development of tendon overuse (tendinopathy).

['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Fibrillin-1', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Tendons']

[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['D09.400.430.875.500', 'D12.776.395.341.500', 'D12.776.860.300.400.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['A02.880']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

How do acetabular version and femoral head coverage change with skeletal maturity?

BACKGROUND: Normal changes in acetabular version over the course of skeletal development have not been well characterized. Knowledge of normal version development is important because acetabular retroversion has been implicated in several pathologic hip processes.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to characterize the orientation of the acetabulum by measuring (1) acetabular version and (2) acetabular sector angles in pediatric patients during development. We also sought to determine whether these parameters vary by sex in the developing child.METHODS: We evaluated CT images of 200 hips in 100 asymptomatic pediatric patients (45 boys, 55 girls; mean age, 13.5 years; range, 9-18 years) stratified by the status of the triradiate physis and sex. We determined the acetabular anteversion angle at various levels in the axial plane as well as acetabular sector angles at five radial planes around the acetabulum.RESULTS: For both genders, anteversion angle was greater for the closed physis group throughout all levels (p < 0.001) and both open and closed physis groups were more anteverted as the cut moved caudally away from the acetabular roof (p < 0.001). At the center of the femoral head, the mean anteversion angle (± SD) in girls was 15° ± 3° in the open group and 19° ± 5° in the closed group (p < 0.001). In boys, the mean anteversion angle increased from 14° ± 4° in the open group to 19° ± 4° in the closed group (p = 0.003). In the superior, posterosuperior, and posterior planes, the acetabular sector angles were greater in the closed compared with the open physis group for both boys and girls with the largest increase occurring in the male posterosuperior plane (approximately 20°) (all p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that acetabular anteversion and acetabular sector angles in both male and female subjects increase with skeletal maturity as a result of growth of the posterior wall. This suggests that radiographic appearance of acetabular retroversion may not be attributable to overgrowth of the anterior wall but rather insufficient growth of the posterior wall, which has clinical treatment implications for pincer-type impingement.

['Acetabulum', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Female', 'Femur Head', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Osteogenesis', 'Reference Values', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[['A02.835.232.043.825.108'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']

Kinetic study employing UV derivative spectroscopy of DM-COOK, antitumor and antimetastatic agent.

The hydrolysis of p-(3,3-dimethyl-l-triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt (1;DM-COOK) a highly active antimetastatic and anti-disseminative agent, has been studied in buffered aqueous solution over a pH range of 2.8-8.8 degrees C. The pH dependence of the pseudo first-order rate constants showed two different routes. Under physiological conditions the hydrolysis reactions are carried out by acid catalysis. A procedure based on fourth-order derivative UV spectroscopy (D4) has been developed for the calculation of the kinetic constants at pH greater than or equal to 4.00 and no spectral interferences resulted from decomposition products. The application of derivative UV spectroscopy proved to be suitable fpr rapid, sensitive and reproducible studies of hydrolysis of this class of compounds.

['Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Temperature', 'Triazenes']

[['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D02.925']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Guidelines recommend that exercise training be considered for medically stable outpatients with heart failure. Previous studies have not had adequate statistical power to measure the effects of exercise training on clinical outcomes.OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy and safety of exercise training among patients with heart failure.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Multicenter, randomized controlled trial of 2331 medically stable outpatients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Participants in Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION) were randomized from April 2003 through February 2007 at 82 centers within the United States, Canada, and France; median follow-up was 30 months.INTERVENTIONS: Usual care plus aerobic exercise training, consisting of 36 supervised sessions followed by home-based training, or usual care alone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Composite primary end point of all-cause mortality or hospitalization and prespecified secondary end points of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization, and cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization.RESULTS: The median age was 59 years, 28% were women, and 37% had New York Heart Association class III or IV symptoms. Heart failure etiology was ischemic in 51%, and median left ventricular ejection fraction was 25%. Exercise adherence decreased from a median of 95 minutes per week during months 4 through 6 of follow-up to 74 minutes per week during months 10 through 12. A total of 759 patients (65%) in the exercise training group died or were hospitalized compared with 796 patients (68%) in the usual care group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.84-1.02]; P = .13). There were nonsignificant reductions in the exercise training group for mortality (189 patients [16%] in the exercise training group vs 198 patients [17%] in the usual care group; HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.79-1.17]; P = .70), cardiovascular mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization (632 [55%] in the exercise training group vs 677 [58%] in the usual care group; HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.83-1.03]; P = .14), and cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization (344 [30%] in the exercise training group vs 393 [34%] in the usual care group; HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75-1.00]; P = .06). In prespecified supplementary analyses adjusting for highly prognostic baseline characteristics, the HRs were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.81-0.99; P = .03) for all-cause mortality or hospitalization, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-1.01; P = .09) for cardiovascular mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74-0.99; P = .03) for cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization. Other adverse events were similar between the groups.CONCLUSIONS: In the protocol-specified primary analysis, exercise training resulted in nonsignificant reductions in the primary end point of all-cause mortality or hospitalization and in key secondary clinical end points. After adjustment for highly prognostic predictors of the primary end point, exercise training was associated with modest significant reductions for both all-cause mortality or hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization.TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00047437.

['Aged', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Chronic Disease', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Quality of Life', 'Self Care']

[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['C14.280.434'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']

Crystal structure of the anticoagulant slow form of thrombin.

Using the thrombin mutant R77aA devoid of the site of autoproteolytic degradation at exosite I, we have solved for the first time the structure of thrombin free of any inhibitors and effector molecules and stabilized in the Na(+)-free slow form. The slow form shows subtle differences compared with the currently available structures of the Na(+)-bound fast form that carry inhibitors at the active site or exosite I. The most notable differences are the displacement of Asp-189 in the S1 specificity pocket, a downward shift of the 190-193 strand, a rearrangement of the side chain of Glu-192, and a significant shift in the position of the catalytic Ser-195 that is no longer within H-bonding distance from His-57. The structure of the slow form explains the reduced specificity toward synthetic and natural substrates and suggests a molecular basis for its anticoagulant properties.

['Anticoagulants', 'Crystallography', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Hydrolysis', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Protein Conformation', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Thrombin']

[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E05.196.309', 'H01.181.529.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity in the amygdala--I. Cellular distribution correlated with fear-induced behavior.

This study examined the distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the amygdaloid complex of the rat, with emphasis on the central nucleus. The monoclonal antibody M35 raised against purified muscarinic acetylcholine receptor protein was used to visualize muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive cells. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor immuno-reactivity was high in the central nucleus and low to moderate in all other regions of the amygdaloid complex. Within the central nucleus, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons were found predominantly in the lateral subdivision. This region contained medium-sized neurons (largest diameter ranging from 10 to 15 microns), with a round or slightly ovoid cell shape. At the subcellular level, however, the labeled neurons revealed relatively few muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive postsynaptic densities. Immunofluorescent double-labeling demonstrated that nearly all of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons (98.6%) in the central nucleus expressed abundant amounts of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, further substantiating the cholinoceptive character of these cells. In addition, the vast majority of these muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons (94.3%) were GABAergic neurons. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons expressed moderate levels of protein kinase gamma, one of the likely intracellular mediators between muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and their elicited physiological response. The number and staining intensity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the central nucleus varied dramatically among rats. This individual variation correlated positively with the rat's expression of conditioned immobility and correlated negatively with active shock avoidance performance. These results suggest that the GABAergic/cholinoceptive neuronal elements in the central nucleus are involved in the expression of fear-induced behaviors. This interpretation is further elaborated in a forthcoming paper.

['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Fear', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Muscarinic']

[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F01.470.361'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500']]

['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

Maternal performance differences between porcine stress syndrome-normal and -carrier Landrace females.

Differences between porcine stress syndrome (PSS) normal (NN) and carrier (Nn) Landrace dams were determined for adjusted number of pigs born alive, adjusted number of pigs at 21 d, adjusted 21-d litter weight, proportion of pigs surviving to 21 d, and farrowing interval. Data were analyzed from a total of 841 females, 623 normal (NN) and 218 carriers (Nn) having 2,231 and 869 records, respectively. Three susceptible (nn) females from two herds were dropped from the analysis because of their small contribution to the total number of records. Frequency of the recessive PSS allele ranged from .07 to .28 in the nine herds involved in this study. Data were adjusted using Landrace breed-specific adjustments and analyzed with mixed-model derivative-free REML procedures fitting the dams' PSS genotype as a fixed effect in the model. Only females having two or more successive parities were used in the analysis of farrowing interval, resulting in a reduction of total records analyzed to 2,201 (1,564 NN and 637 Nn records) from 632 females (445 NN and 187 Nn females). No differences between NN and Nn dams were observed for adjusted number of pigs born alive, adjusted number of pigs at 21 d, adjusted 21-d litter weight, proportion of pigs surviving to 21 d, and farrowing interval. The results of this investigation indicate no significant maternal performance differences between PSS NN or Nn Landrace dams.

['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Breeding', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Heterozygote', 'Phenotype', 'Reproduction', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Syndrome']

[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G05.695'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G07.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['C23.550.288.500']]

['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']

Semisynthesis of libiguin A and its analogues by trans-lactonization of phragmalin.

Libiguins are limonoids with highly potent sexual activity enhancing effects, originally isolated from the Madagascarian Meliaceae species Neobeguea mahafalensis, where they exist in only minute quantities. Their low natural abundance has hampered mapping of their biological effects. Here we describe an approach to the semisynthesis of libiguin A and its close analogues 1-3 starting from phragmalin, which is a limonoid present in high amounts in a commercially cultivated Meliaceae species, Chukrasia tabularis, allowing the preparation of libiguins in appreciable quantities.

['Limonins', 'Meliaceae', 'Molecular Conformation']

[['D02.455.849.919.490'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.715'], ['G02.111.570.820']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

Notch signaling is required for the maintenance of enteric neural crest progenitors.

Notch signaling is involved in neurogenesis, including that of the peripheral nervous system as derived from neural crest cells (NCCs). However, it remains unclear which step is regulated by this signaling. To address this question, we took advantage of the Cre-loxP system to specifically eliminate the protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) gene, which is a core component of Notch signaling, in NCCs. NCC-specific Pofut1-knockout mice died within 1 day of birth, accompanied by a defect of enteric nervous system (ENS) development. These embryos showed a reduction in enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) resulting from premature neurogenesis. We found that Sox10 expression, which is normally maintained in ENCC progenitors, was decreased in Pofut1-null ENCCs. By contrast, the number of ENCCs that expressed Mash1, a potent repressor of Sox10, was increased in the Pofut1-null mouse. Given that Mash1 is suppressed via the Notch signaling pathway, we propose a model in which ENCCs have a cell-autonomous differentiating program for neurons as reflected in the expression of Mash1, and in which Notch signaling is required for the maintenance of ENS progenitors by attenuating this cell-autonomous program via the suppression of Mash1.

['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Enteric Nervous System', 'Fucosyltransferases', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Targeting', 'Ligands', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Models, Biological', 'Neural Crest', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neuroglia', 'Receptors, Notch', 'SOXE Transcription Factors', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stem Cells']

[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A16.254'], ['A08.800.050.150'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.300'], ['G05.308.310'], ['E05.393.335'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A16.627'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.725', 'D12.776.930.770'], ['D12.776.260.719.500', 'D12.776.660.235.400.750.500', 'D12.776.664.235.400.750.500', 'D12.776.930.823.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.872']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']

[The socially enriched environment in early age alters the exploratory activity and ability for learning in rats].

The effects of socially enriched environment on exploration activity in early age and avoidance learning in adult rats were studied. Rats reared in enriched environment were housed with mother and three young rats before weaning. Control rats were housed with mother only. An increase in exporation activity in the open-field test and modified plus-maze was observed in the socially reared rats. The capability for two-way avoidance conditioning was significantly improved in adult socially reared rats.

['Animals', 'Animals, Suckling', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Female', 'Learning', 'Maze Learning', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Social Environment']

[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.293'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['I01.880.853.500']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']

Diaper dermatitis: a therapeutic dilemma. Results of a double-blind placebo controlled trial of miconazole nitrate 0.25%.

Diaper dermatitis, an acute inflammation of the skin in the diaper area, is the most common dermatologic disorder of infancy. This placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial compared the efficacy and safety of miconazole nitrate 0.25% in a zinc oxide/petrolatum base with that of the ointment base alone in treating acute diaper dermatitis in infants and evaluated the role of Candida albicans in the response to treatment. Infants age 2-13 months with diaper rash were treated with either miconazole nitrate 0.25% (N = 101) or ointment base (N = 101) for 7 days. Although improvement in rash from baseline was seen in both treatment groups on days 3, 5, and 7, patients receiving miconazole nitrate 0.25% had significantly fewer rash sites and lower mean total rash scores on days 5 and 7 (p < 0.001). In the miconazole nitrate 0.25% group, improvement was most marked among those with moderate or severe diaper dermatitis at baseline and among patients whose baseline rashes were positive for C. albicans. Treatment with miconazole nitrate 0.25% was as safe as with ointment base alone. Miconazole nitrate 0.25% ointment is a safe and effective treatment for diaper dermatitis in infants.

['Antifungal Agents', 'Candida albicans', 'Candidiasis', 'Conjunctivitis', 'Diaper Rash', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Miconazole', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Skin', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vomiting']

[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['C01.150.703.160'], ['C11.187.183'], ['C17.800.174.255.400.250', 'C17.800.815.255.400.250'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D03.383.129.308.550'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C23.888.821.937']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']

The effects of sodium, hydrogen and magnesium ions on mitochondrial calcium sequestration in adult rat ventricular myocytes.

The effect of Na+, H+ and Mg2+ ions on net calcium exchange induced in digitonin-treated myocytes has been investigated. Raising the [Na] from 1.4 to 31.4 mM revealed a sodium-sensitive fraction of net calcium exchange with a K1/2 for Na+ ions of 12 mM, alongside the respiration-dependent accumulation of calcium. An acidosis, but not an alkalosis, was found to depress both of these processes. Mg2+ ions exerted an effect solely on the respiration-dependent calcium sequestration. A simple semi-empirical model based on the experimental data was formulated to assess the effects that altering sarcoplasmic [Na+] and [H+] would have on the calcium-handling properties of cardiac mitochondria. It is concluded that part of the inotropic effects of these ions could be mediated via this organelle.

['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Calcium', 'Digitonin', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Magnesium', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocardium', 'Rats', 'Sodium']

[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.236', 'D09.408.180.261.236'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]

['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']

Melatonin protects primary cultures of rat cortical neurones from NMDA excitotoxicity and hypoxia/reoxygenation.

Studies on rat cortical cultures show that glutamate (10 microM) or hypoxia followed by reoxygenation causes damage to the cells as indexed by a release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These effects could be counteracted by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801 (2 microM) but not by the kainate/AMPA antagonist CNQX (100 microM). These data favour the view that the damage caused to the cells by glutamate and hypoxia/reperfusion is mediated via NMDA receptors. The damage to the cells could also be prevented by melatonin (100 microM). The melatonin effect is not mediated by specific receptors because it was not blunted by the melatonin antagonist, luzindole. Moreover, NMDA stimulated an accumulation of 45Ca2+ by cortical neurones, but although this effect was counteracted by MK-801, melatonin was ineffective, which showed that the neuroprotective effect of melatonin is not elicited by direct action with NMDA receptors. Ascorbate and iron stimulated the production of free radicals in a retinal cell preparation. Chelation of the iron with deferoxamine prevented this process as did melatonin while MK-801 had no effect. The combined findings suggest that melatonin counteracts the in vitro destructive effects of NMDA or hypoxia/reperfusion by preventing accumulation of excessive free radicals.

['6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Melatonin', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Neurons', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oxygen', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']

[['D03.633.100.857.160'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]

['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']

Plasmapheresis in the treatment of hyperthyroidism associated with agranulocytosis: A case report.

Plasmapheresis, also known as therapeutic plasma exchange, is used in the treatment of several disorders. Temporary improvement after plasmapheresis in cases with thyrotoxicosis has been reported. A 55-year-old woman presented with agranulocytosis induced by propylthiouracil and clinical signs of heart failure. Three sessions of plasmapheresis were performed. We observed an improvement of thyroid hormone levels and clinical findings as well. Plasmapheresis can be an option when drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis fails.

['Agranulocytosis', 'Antithyroid Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasmapheresis', 'Propylthiouracil']

[['C15.378.553.546.184'], ['D06.347.100', 'D27.505.696.399.450.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.120.770', 'E02.912.715', 'E04.292.869'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.842.708']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts; clinical and therapeutic data.

The authors report on a case of symptomatic Rathke's Cleft Cyst (RCC). The only clinical feature was headache. The cystic fluid was aspirated through a trans-sphenoidal approach. The postoperative course was uneventful. The rarity of symptomatic RCC (70 cases described in the literature; 30 operated patients) makes necessary the comparison of all data quoted in the different publications so as to define an appropriate attitude to treatment. It thus seems that the surgical procedure should be limited to an aspiration of the cyst contents through a trans-sphenoidal approach; such a procedure is more reliable than a craniotomy to avoid leakage of the cystic fluid into the subarachnoid space and possible postoperative aseptic meningitis. Some authors discussed the possibility of postoperative radiotherapy although only six patients developed recurrence of their clinical features several years after operation and also the efficacy of such a procedure has not been proved.

['Adult', 'Craniopharyngioma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']

[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.465.625.200', 'C04.557.580.625.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']

Racial variation in antidepressant treatment in a Medicaid population.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have found racial and socioeconomic variation in medical care for a variety of conditions. Undertreatment of depression for individuals of all races is a concern, but especially may affect vulnerable populations such as Medicaid recipients and minorities. With this study, we examine racial differences in the antidepressant usage in a Medicaid population.METHOD: Treatment of 13,065 depressed patients (ICD-9-CM criteria) was examined in a state Medicaid database covering the years 1989 through 1994. Treatment differences were assessed in terms of whether an antidepressant was received at the time of the initial depression diagnosis and the type of antidepressant prescribed (tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs] vs. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]), using logistic regression techniques.RESULTS: African Americans were less likely than whites to receive an antidepressant at the time of their initial depression diagnosis (27.2% vs. 44.0%, p < .001). Of those receiving an antidepressant, whites were more likely than African Americans to receive SSRIs versus TCAs. These findings remained even after adjusting for other covariates.CONCLUSION: Despite the easy availability of effective treatments, we found that only a small portion of depressed Medicaid recipients receive adequate usage of antidepressants. Within this Medicaid population, limited access to treatment was especially pronounced among African Americans. Racial differences existed in terms of whether an antidepressant was received and the type of medication used.

['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Aid to Families with Dependent Children', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Utilization', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicaid', 'Regression Analysis', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'United States']

[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.849.095'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.655', 'N03.706.615.693'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]

['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']

Woman with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Leydig cell tumor of the ovary.

We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and corticosteroid replacement therapy since birth. She manifested persistent virilization and high testosterone levels that were attributed to nonadherence to medical treatment. The patient was referred to our gender unit for genitoplastic surgery. We recommended the patient for left oophorectomy after detecting an ovarian mass. Pathologic findings confirmed an ovarian hilus cell tumor. Testosterone levels fell back to normal and masculinization disappeared but ACTH remained elevated. This case represents a very rare type of primary ovarian tumor that must be considered in persistent virilizing symptoms in women with CAH.

['Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leydig Cell Tumor', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Virilism']

[['C12.706.316.090.500', 'C13.351.875.253.090.500', 'C16.131.939.316.129.500', 'C16.320.033', 'C16.320.565.925.249', 'C18.452.648.925.249', 'C19.053.440', 'C19.391.119.090.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.475.750.847.249', 'C04.588.322.762.500.249', 'C04.588.945.440.915.500.249', 'C12.294.260.937.500.249', 'C12.758.409.937.500.249', 'C19.344.762.500.249', 'C19.391.829.782.500.249'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C23.888.971']]

['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']