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From Bhagwad Gita => : ceremony? The Lord says here that any sacrifice which is meant for human
welfare should never be given up. Viväha-yajïa, the marriage ceremony, is
meant to regulate the human mind so that it may become peaceful for spiritual
advancement. For most men, this viväha-yajïa should be encouraged even by
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From Bhagwad Gita => : persons in the renounced order of life. Sannyäsés should never associate with
women, but that does not mean that one who is in the lower stages of life, a
young man, should not accept a wife in the marriage ceremony. All prescribed
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From Bhagwad Gita => : sacrifices are meant for achieving the Supreme Lord. Therefore, in the lower
stages, they should not be given up. Similarly, charity is for the purification of
the heart. If charity is given to suitable persons, as described previously, it
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From Bhagwad Gita => : leads one to advanced spiritual life.
TEXT 6
WTaaNYaiPa Tau k-MaaRi<a Sa®& TYa¤-a f-l/aiNa c )
k-TaRVYaaNaqiTa Mae PaaQaR iNaiêTa& MaTaMautaMaMa( )) 6 ))
etäny api tu karmäëi
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : saìgaà tyaktvä phaläni ca
kartavyänéti me pärtha
niçcitaà matam uttamam
SYNONYMS
etäni—all these; api—certainly; tu—but; karmäëi—activities;
saìgam—association; tyaktvä—renouncing; phaläni—results; ca—also;
kartavyäni—should be done as duty; iti—thus; me—My; pärtha—O son of
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From Bhagwad Gita => : Påthä; niçcitam—definite; matam—opinion; uttamam—the best.
TRANSLATION
All these activities should be performed without attachment or any
expectation of result. They should be performed as a matter of duty, O son of
Påthä. That is My final opinion.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : PURPORT
Although all sacrifices are purifying, one should not expect any result by
such performances. In other words, all sacrifices which are meant for material
advancement in life should be given up, but sacrifices that purify one’s
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From Bhagwad Gita => : existence and elevate one to the spiritual plane should not be stopped.
Everything that leads to Kåñëa consciousness must be encouraged. In the
Çrémad-Bhägavatam also it is said that any activity which leads to devotional
service to the Lord should be accepted. That is the highest criterion of
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From Bhagwad Gita => : religion. A devotee of the Lord should accept any kind of work, sacrifice or
charity which will help him in the discharge of devotional service to the Lord.
TEXT 7
iNaYaTaSYa Tau SaNNYaaSa" k-MaR<aae NaaePaPaÛTae )
MaaehataSYa PairTYaaGaSTaaMaSa" Pairk-IiTaRTa" )) 7 ))
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From Bhagwad Gita => : Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
niyatasya tu sannyäsaù
karmaëo nopapadyate
mohät tasya parityägas
tämasaù parikértitaù
SYNONYMS
niyatasya—prescribed; tu—but; sannyäsaù—renunciation; karmaëaù—of
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From Bhagwad Gita => : activities; na—never; upapadyate—is deserved; mohät—by illusion; tasya—of
them; parityägaù—renunciation; tämasaù—in the mode of ignorance;
parikértitaù—is declared.
TRANSLATION
Prescribed duties should never be renounced. If one gives up his prescribed
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From Bhagwad Gita => : duties because of illusion, such renunciation is said to be in the mode of
ignorance.
PURPORT
Work for material satisfaction must be given up, but activities which
promote one to spiritual activity, like cooking for the Supreme Lord and
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From Bhagwad Gita => : offering the food to the Lord and then accepting the food, are recommended.
It is said that a person in the renounced order of life should not cook for
himself. Cooking for oneself is prohibited, but cooking for the Supreme Lord is
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From Bhagwad Gita => : not prohibited. Similarly, a sannyäsé may perform a marriage ceremony to help
his disciple in the advancement of Kåñëa consciousness. If one renounces such
activities, it is to be understood that he is acting in the mode of darkness.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : TEXT 8
du"%iMaTYaev YaTk-MaR k-aYa©e-Xa>aYaatYaJaeTa( )
Sa k*-Tva raJaSa& TYaaGa& NaEv TYaaGaf-l&/ l/>aeTa( )) 8 ))
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
duùkham ity eva yat karma
käya-kleça-bhayät tyajet
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From Bhagwad Gita => : sa kåtvä räjasaà tyägaà
naiva tyäga-phalaà labhet
SYNONYMS
duùkham—unhappy; iti—thus; eva—certainly; yat—which; karma—work;
käya—for the body; kleça—trouble; bhayät—out of fear; tyajet—gives up;
saù—he; kåtvä—after doing; räjasam—in the mode of passion;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : tyägam—renunciation; na—not; eva—certainly; tyäga—of renunciation;
phalam—the results; labhet—gains.
TRANSLATION
Anyone who gives up prescribed duties as troublesome or out of fear of
bodily discomfort is said to have renounced in the mode of passion. Such action
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From Bhagwad Gita => : never leads to the elevation of renunciation.
PURPORT
One who is in Kåñëa consciousness should not give up earning money out of
fear that he is performing fruitive activities. If by working one can engage his
money in Kåñëa consciousness, or if by rising early in the morning one can
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From Bhagwad Gita => : advance his transcendental Kåñëa consciousness, one should not desist out of
fear or because such activities are considered troublesome. Such renunciation
is in the mode of passion. The result of passionate work is always miserable. If a
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From Bhagwad Gita => : person renounces work in that spirit, he never gets the result of renunciation.
TEXT 9
k-aYaRiMaTYaev YaTk-MaR iNaYaTa& i§-YaTae_JauRNa )
Sa®& TYa¤-a f-l&/ cEv Sa TYaaGa" Saaitvk-ae MaTa" )) 9 ))
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : käryam ity eva yat karma
niyataà kriyate ’rjuna
saìgaà tyaktvä phalaà caiva
sa tyägaù sättviko mataù
SYNONYMS
käryam—it must be done; iti—thus; eva—indeed; yat—which; karma—work;
niyatam—prescribed; kriyate—is performed; arjuna—O Arjuna;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : saìgam—association; tyaktvä—giving up; phalam—the result; ca—also;
eva—certainly; saù—that; tyägaù—renunciation; sättvikaù—in the mode of
goodness; mataù—in My opinion.
TRANSLATION
O Arjuna, when one performs his prescribed duty only because it ought to
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From Bhagwad Gita => : be done, and renounces all material association and all attachment to the fruit,
his renunciation is said to be in the mode of goodness.
PURPORT
Prescribed duties must be performed with this mentality. One should act
without attachment for the result; he should be disassociated from the modes
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From Bhagwad Gita => : of work. A man working in Kåñëa consciousness in a factory does not associate
himself with the work of the factory, nor with the workers of the factory. He
simply works for Kåñëa. And when he gives up the result for Kåñëa, he is acting
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From Bhagwad Gita => : transcendentally.
TEXT 10
Na Üeíyku-Xal&/ k-MaR ku-Xale/ NaaNauzÂTae )
TYaaGaq SatvSaMaaivíae MaeDaavq i^àSa&XaYa" )) 10 ))
na dveñöy akuçalaà karma
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
kuçale nänuñajjate
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From Bhagwad Gita => : tyägé sattva-samäviñöo
medhävé chinna-saàçayaù
SYNONYMS
na—never; dveñöi—hates; akuçalam—inauspicious; karma—work; kuçale—in
the auspicious; na—nor; anuñajjate—becomes attached; tyägé—the renouncer;
sattva—in goodness; samäviñöaù—absorbed; medhävé—intelligent;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : chinna—having cut off; saàçayaù—all doubts.
TRANSLATION
The intelligent renouncer situated in the mode of goodness, neither hateful
of inauspicious work nor attached to auspicious work, has no doubts about
work.
PURPORT
A person in Kåñëa consciousness or in the mode of goodness does not hate
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From Bhagwad Gita => : anyone or anything which troubles his body. He does work in the proper place
and at the proper time without fearing the troublesome effects of his duty.
Such a person situated in transcendence should be understood to be most
intelligent and beyond all doubts in his activities.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : TEXT 11
Na ih deh>a*Taa XaKYa& TYa¢u-& k-MaaR<YaXaezTa" )
YaSTau k-MaRf-l/TYaaGaq Sa TYaaGaqTYai>aDaqYaTae )) 11 ))
na hi deha-bhåtä çakyaà
tyaktuà karmäëy açeñataù
yas tu karma-phala-tyägé
sa tyägéty abhidhéyate
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
|
From Bhagwad Gita => : SYNONYMS
na—never; hi—certainly; deha-bhåtä—by the embodied; çakyam—is possible;
tyaktum—to be renounced; karmäëi—activities; açeñataù—altogether;
yaù—anyone who; tu—but; karma—of work; phala—of the result; tyägé—the
renouncer; saù—he; tyägé—the renouncer; iti—thus; abhidhéyate—is said.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : TRANSLATION
It is indeed impossible for an embodied being to give up all activities. But he
who renounces the fruits of action is called one who has truly renounced.
PURPORT
It is said in Bhagavad-gétä that one can never give up work at any time.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : Therefore he who works for Kåñëa and does not enjoy the fruitive results, who
offers everything to Kåñëa, is actually a renouncer. There are many members
of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness who work very hard in
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From Bhagwad Gita => : their office or in the factory or some other place, and whatever they earn they
give to the Society. Such highly elevated souls are actually sannyäsés and are
situated in the renounced order of life. It is clearly outlined here how to
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From Bhagwad Gita => : renounce the fruits of work and for what purpose fruits should be renounced.
TEXT 12
AiNaíiMaí& iMaé[& c i}aivDa& k-MaR<a" f-l/Ma( )
>avTYaTYaaiGaNaa& Pa[eTYa Na Tau SaNNYaaiSaNaa& KvicTa( )) 12 ))
aniñöam iñöaà miçraà ca
tri-vidhaà karmaëaù phalam
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From Bhagwad Gita => : bhavaty atyäginäà pretya
na tu sannyäsinäà kvacit
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
SYNONYMS
aniñöam—leading to hell; iñöam—leading to heaven; miçram—mixed; ca—and;
tri-vidham—of three kinds; karmaëaù—of work; phalam—the result;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : bhavati—comes; atyäginäm—for those who are not renounced; pretya—after
death; na—not; tu—but; sannyäsinäm—for the renounced order; kvacit—at
any time.
TRANSLATION
For one who is not renounced, the threefold fruits of action—desirable,
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From Bhagwad Gita => : undesirable and mixed—accrue after death. But those who are in the renounced
order of life have no such result to suffer or enjoy.
PURPORT
A person in Kåñëa consciousness acting in knowledge of his relationship
with Kåñëa is always liberated. Therefore he does not have to enjoy or suffer
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From Bhagwad Gita => : the results of his acts after death.
TEXT 13
PaÄETaaiNa Mahabahae k-ar<aaiNa iNabaeDa Mae )
Saa&:Yae k*-TaaNTae Pa[ae¢-aiNa iSaÖYae SavRk-MaR<aaMa( )) 13 ))
païcaitäni mahä-bäho
käraëäni nibodha me
säìkhye kåtänte proktäni
siddhaye sarva-karmaëäm
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From Bhagwad Gita => : SYNONYMS
païca—five; etäni—these; mahä-bäho—O mighty-armed one;
käraëäni—causes; nibodha—just understand; me—from Me; säìkhye—in the
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
Vedänta; kåta-ante—in the conclusion; proktäni—said; siddhaye—for the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : perfection; sarva—of all; karmaëäm—activities.
TRANSLATION
O mighty-armed Arjuna, according to the Vedänta there are five causes for
the accomplishment of all action. Now learn of these from Me.
PURPORT
A question may be raised that since any activity performed must have some
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From Bhagwad Gita => : reaction, how is it that the person in Kåñëa consciousness does not suffer or
enjoy the reactions of work? The Lord is citing Vedänta philosophy to show
how this is possible. He says that there are five causes for all activities, and for
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From Bhagwad Gita => : success in all activity one should consider these five causes. Säìkhya means the
stalk of knowledge, and Vedänta is the final stalk of knowledge accepted by all
leading äcäryas. Even Çaìkara accepts Vedänta-sütra as such. Therefore such
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From Bhagwad Gita => : authority should be consulted.
The ultimate control is invested in the Supersoul. As it is stated in the
Bhagavad-gétä, sarvasya cähaà hådi sanniviñöaù. He is engaging everyone in
certain activities by reminding him of his past actions. And Kåñëa conscious
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From Bhagwad Gita => : acts done under His direction from within yield no reaction, either in this life
or in the life after death.
TEXT 14
AiDaïaNa& TaQaa k-TaaR k-r<a& c Pa*QaiGvDaMa( )
ivivDaaê Pa*QaKceía dEv& cEva}a PaÄMaMa( )) 14 ))
adhiñöhänaà tathä kartä
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From Bhagwad Gita => : karaëaà ca påthag-vidham
vividhäç ca påthak ceñöä
daivaà caivätra païcamam
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
SYNONYMS
adhiñöhänam—the place; tathä—also; kartä—the worker;
karaëam—instruments; ca—and; påthak-vidham—of different kinds;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : vividhäù—various; ca—and; påthak—separate; ceñöäù—the endeavors;
daivam—the Supreme; ca—also; eva—certainly; atra—here; païcamam—the
fifth.
TRANSLATION
The place of action [the body], the performer, the various senses, the many
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From Bhagwad Gita => : different kinds of endeavor, and ultimately the Supersoul—these are the five
factors of action.
PURPORT
The word adhiñöhänam refers to the body. The soul within the body is acting
to bring about the results of activity and is therefore known as kartä, “the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : doer.” That the soul is the knower and the doer is stated in the çruti. Eña hi
drañöä srañöä (Praçna Upaniñad 4.9). It is also confirmed in the Vedänta-sütra
by the verses jïo ’ta eva (2.3.18) and kartä çästrärthavattvät (2.3.33). The
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From Bhagwad Gita => : instruments of action are the senses, and by the senses the soul acts in various
ways. For each and every action there is a different endeavor. But all one’s
activities depend on the will of the Supersoul, who is seated within the heart
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From Bhagwad Gita => : as a friend. The Supreme Lord is the supercause. Under these circumstances,
he who is acting in Kåñëa consciousness under the direction of the Supersoul
situated within the heart is naturally not bound by any activity. Those in
complete Kåñëa consciousness are not ultimately responsible for their actions.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : Everything is dependent on the supreme will, the Supersoul, the Supreme
Personality of Godhead.
TEXT 15
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
Xarqrvax(MaNaaei>aYaRTk-MaR Pa[ar>aTae Nar" )
NYaaYYa& va ivParqTa& va PaÄETae TaSYa heTav" )) 15 ))
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From Bhagwad Gita => : çaréra-väì-manobhir yat
karma prärabhate naraù
nyäyyaà vä viparétaà vä
païcaite tasya hetavaù
SYNONYMS
çaréra—by the body; väk—speech; manobhiù—and mind; yat—which;
karma—work; prärabhate—begins; naraù—a person; nyäyyam—right; vä—or;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : viparétam—the opposite; vä—or; païca—five; ete—all these; tasya—its;
hetavaù—causes.
TRANSLATION
Whatever right or wrong action a man performs by body, mind or speech is
caused by these five factors.
PURPORT
The words “right” and “wrong” are very significant in this verse. Right work
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From Bhagwad Gita => : is work done in terms of the prescribed directions in the scriptures, and wrong
work is work done against the principles of the scriptural injunctions. But
whatever is done requires these five factors for its complete performance.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : TEXT 16
Ta}aEv& SaiTa k-TaaRrMaaTMaaNa& ke-vl&/ Tau Ya" )
PaXYaTYak*-TabuiÖTvaà Sa PaXYaiTa duMaRiTa" )) 16 ))
tatraivaà sati kartäram
ätmänaà kevalaà tu yaù
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : paçyaty akåta-buddhitvän
na sa paçyati durmatiù
SYNONYMS
tatra—there; evam—thus; sati—being; kartäram—the worker;
ätmänam—himself; kevalam—only; tu—but; yaù—anyone who; paçyati—sees;
akåta-buddhitvät—due to unintelligence; na—never; saù—he; paçyati—sees;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : durmatiù—foolish.
TRANSLATION
Therefore one who thinks himself the only doer, not considering the five
factors, is certainly not very intelligent and cannot see things as they are.
PURPORT
A foolish person cannot understand that the Supersoul is sitting as a friend
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From Bhagwad Gita => : within and conducting his actions. Although the material causes are the place,
the worker, the endeavor and the senses, the final cause is the Supreme, the
Personality of Godhead. Therefore, one should see not only the four material
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From Bhagwad Gita => : causes but the supreme efficient cause as well. One who does not see the
Supreme thinks himself to be the doer.
TEXT 17
YaSYa Naah&k*/=Taae >aavae buiÖYaRSYa Na il/PYaTae )
hTvaiPa Sa wMaamçaek-aà hiNTa Na iNabDYaTae )) 17 ))
yasya nähaìkåto bhävo
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From Bhagwad Gita => : buddhir yasya na lipyate
hatväpi sa imäû lokän
na hanti na nibadhyate
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
SYNONYMS
yasya—one whose; na—never; ahaìkåtaù—of false ego; bhävaù—nature;
buddhiù—intelligence; yasya—one whose; na—never; lipyate—is attached;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : hatvä—killing; api—even; saù—he; imän—this; lokän—world; na—never;
hanti—kills; na—never; nibadhyate—becomes entangled.
TRANSLATION
One who is not motivated by false ego, whose intelligence is not entangled,
though he kills men in this world, does not kill. Nor is he bound by his actions.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : PURPORT
In this verse the Lord informs Arjuna that the desire not to fight arises
from false ego. Arjuna thought himself to be the doer of action, but he did not
consider the supreme sanction within and without. If one does not know that a
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From Bhagwad Gita => : supersanction is there, why should he act? But one who knows the instruments
of work, himself as the worker, and the Supreme Lord as the supreme
sanctioner is perfect in doing everything. Such a person is never in illusion.
Personal activity and responsibility arise from false ego and godlessness, or a
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From Bhagwad Gita => : lack of Kåñëa consciousness. Anyone who is acting in Kåñëa consciousness
under the direction of the Supersoul or the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
even though killing, does not kill. Nor is he ever affected by the reaction of
such killing. When a soldier kills under the command of a superior officer, he
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From Bhagwad Gita => : is not subject to be judged. But if a soldier kills on his own personal account,
then he is certainly judged by a court of law.
TEXT 18
jaNa& jeYa& PairjaTaa i}aivDaa k-MaRcaedNaa )
k-r<a& k-MaR k-TaeRiTa i}aivDa" k-MaRSa°h" )) 18 ))
|
From Bhagwad Gita => : Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
jïänaà jïeyaà parijïätä
tri-vidhä karma-codanä
karaëaà karma karteti
tri-vidhaù karma-saìgrahaù
SYNONYMS
jïänam—knowledge; jïeyam—the objective of knowledge; parijïätä—the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : knower; tri-vidhä—of three kinds; karma—of work; codanä—the impetus;
karaëam—the senses; karma—the work; kartä—the doer; iti—thus;
tri-vidhaù—of three kinds; karma—of work; saìgrahaù—the accumulation.
TRANSLATION
Knowledge, the object of knowledge, and the knower are the three factors
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From Bhagwad Gita => : that motivate action; the senses, the work and the doer are the three
constituents of action.
PURPORT
There are three kinds of impetus for daily work: knowledge, the object of
knowledge, and the knower. The instruments of work, the work itself and the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : worker are called the constituents of work. Any work done by any human
being has these elements. Before one acts, there is some impetus, which is
called inspiration. Any solution arrived at before work is actualized is a subtle
form of work. Then work takes the form of action. First one has to undergo the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : psychological processes of thinking, feeling and willing, and that is called
impetus. The inspiration to work is the same if it comes from the scripture or
from the instruction of the spiritual master. When the inspiration is there and
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From Bhagwad Gita => : the worker is there, then actual activity takes place by the help of the senses,
including the mind, which is the center of all the senses. The sum total of all
the constituents of an activity are called the accumulation of work.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : TEXT 19
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
jaNa& k-MaR c k-TaaR c i}aDaEv Gau<a>aedTa" )
Pa[aeCYaTae Gau<aSa&:YaaNae YaQaavC^*<au TaaNYaiPa )) 19 ))
jïänaà karma ca kartä ca
tridhaiva guëa-bhedataù
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From Bhagwad Gita => : procyate guëa-saìkhyäne
yathävac chåëu täny api
SYNONYMS
jïänam—knowledge; karma—work; ca—also; kartä—worker; ca—also;
tridhä—of three kinds; eva—certainly; guëa-bhedataù—in terms of different
modes of material nature; procyate—are said; guëa-saìkhyäne—in terms of
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From Bhagwad Gita => : different modes; yathä-vat—as they are; çåëu—hear; täni—all of them;
api—also.
TRANSLATION
According to the three different modes of material nature, there are three
kinds of knowledge, action and performer of action. Now hear of them from
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From Bhagwad Gita => : Me.
PURPORT
In the Fourteenth Chapter the three divisions of the modes of material
nature were elaborately described. In that chapter it was said that the mode of
goodness is illuminating, the mode of passion materialistic, and the mode of
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From Bhagwad Gita => : ignorance conducive to laziness and indolence. All the modes of material
nature are binding; they are not sources of liberation. Even in the mode of
goodness one is conditioned. In the Seventeenth Chapter, the different types
of worship by different types of men in different modes of material nature
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From Bhagwad Gita => : were described. In this verse, the Lord says that He wishes to speak about the
different types of knowledge, workers and work itself according to the three
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : material modes.
TEXT 20
SavR>aUTaezu YaeNaEk&- >aavMaVYaYaMaq+aTae )
Aiv>a¢&- iv>a¢e-zu TaJjaNa& iviÖ Saaitvk-Ma( )) 20 ))
sarva-bhüteñu yenaikaà
bhävam avyayam ékñate
avibhaktaà vibhakteñu
taj jïänaà viddhi sättvikam
SYNONYMS
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From Bhagwad Gita => : sarva-bhüteñu—in all living entities; yena—by which; ekam—one;
bhävam—situation; avyayam—imperishable; ékñate—one sees;
avibhaktam—undivided; vibhakteñu—in the numberless divided; tat—that;
jïänam—knowledge; viddhi—know; sättvikam—in the mode of goodness.
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From Bhagwad Gita => : TRANSLATION
That knowledge by which one undivided spiritual nature is seen in all living
entities, though they are divided into innumerable forms, you should
understand to be in the mode of goodness.
PURPORT
A person who sees one spirit soul in every living being, whether a demigod,
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From Bhagwad Gita => : human being, animal, bird, beast, aquatic or plant, possesses knowledge in the
mode of goodness. In all living entities, one spirit soul is there, although they
have different bodies in terms of their previous work. As described in the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : Seventh Chapter, the manifestation of the living force in every body is due to
the superior nature of the Supreme Lord. Thus to see that one superior nature,
that living force, in every body is to see in the mode of goodness. That living
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From Bhagwad Gita => : Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
energy is imperishable, although the bodies are perishable. Differences are
perceived in terms of the body; because there are many forms of material
existence in conditional life, the living force appears to be divided. Such
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From Bhagwad Gita => : impersonal knowledge is an aspect of self-realization.
TEXT 21
Pa*Qa¤e-Na Tau YaJjaNa& NaaNaa>aavaNPa*QaiGvDaaNa( )
veita SaveRzu >aUTaezu TaJjaNa& iviÖ raJaSaMa( )) 21 ))
påthaktvena tu yaj jïänaà
nänä-bhävän påthag-vidhän
vetti sarveñu bhüteñu
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From Bhagwad Gita => : taj jïänaà viddhi räjasam
SYNONYMS
påthaktvena—because of division; tu—but; yat—which; jïänam—knowledge;
nänä-bhävän—multifarious situations; påthak-vidhän—different; vetti—knows;
sarveñu—in all; bhüteñu—living entities; tat—that; jïänam—knowledge;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : viddhi—must be known; räjasam—in terms of passion.
TRANSLATION
That knowledge by which one sees that in every different body there is a
different type of living entity you should understand to be in the mode of
passion.
PURPORT
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From Bhagwad Gita => : The concept that the material body is the living entity and that with the
destruction of the body the consciousness is also destroyed is called knowledge
in the mode of passion. According to that knowledge, bodies differ from one
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From Bhagwad Gita => : another because of the development of different types of consciousness,
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
otherwise there is no separate soul which manifests consciousness. The body is
itself the soul, and there is no separate soul beyond the body. According to
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From Bhagwad Gita => : such knowledge, consciousness is temporary. Or else there are no individual
souls, but there is an all-pervading soul, which is full of knowledge, and this
body is a manifestation of temporary ignorance. Or beyond this body there is
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From Bhagwad Gita => : no special individual or supreme soul. All such conceptions are considered
products of the mode of passion.
TEXT 22
Yatau k*-Tòvdek-iSMaNk-aYaeR Sa¢-MahETauk-Ma( )
ATatvaQaRvdLPa& c TataaMaSaMaudaôTaMa( )) 22 ))
yat tu kåtsna-vad ekasmin
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From Bhagwad Gita => : kärye saktam ahaitukam
atattvärtha-vad alpaà ca
tat tämasam udähåtam
SYNONYMS
yat—that which; tu—but; kåtsna-vat—as all in all; ekasmin—in one;
kärye—work; saktam—attached; ahaitukam—without cause;
atattva-artha-vat—without knowledge of reality; alpam—very meager;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : ca—and; tat—that; tämasam—in the mode of darkness; udähåtam—is said to
be.
TRANSLATION
And that knowledge by which one is attached to one kind of work as the all
in all, without knowledge of the truth, and which is very meager, is said to be in
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From Bhagwad Gita => : the mode of darkness.
PURPORT
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
The “knowledge” of the common man is always in the mode of darkness or
ignorance because every living entity in conditional life is born into the mode
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From Bhagwad Gita => : of ignorance. One who does not develop knowledge through the authorities or
scriptural injunctions has knowledge that is limited to the body. He is not
concerned about acting in terms of the directions of scripture. For him God is
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From Bhagwad Gita => : money, and knowledge means the satisfaction of bodily demands. Such
knowledge has no connection with the Absolute Truth. It is more or less like
the knowledge of the ordinary animals: the knowledge of eating, sleeping,
defending and mating. Such knowledge is described here as the product of the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : mode of darkness. In other words, knowledge concerning the spirit soul beyond
this body is called knowledge in the mode of goodness, knowledge producing
many theories and doctrines by dint of mundane logic and mental speculation
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From Bhagwad Gita => : is the product of the mode of passion, and knowledge concerned only with
keeping the body comfortable is said to be in the mode of ignorance.
TEXT 23
iNaYaTa& Sa®rihTaMaraGaÜezTa" k*-TaMa( )
Af-l/Pa[ePSauNaa k-MaR YataTSaaitvk-MauCYaTae )) 23 ))
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From Bhagwad Gita => : niyataà saìga-rahitam
aräga-dveñataù kåtam
aphala-prepsunä karma
yat tat sättvikam ucyate
SYNONYMS
niyatam—regulated; saìga-rahitam—without attachment;
aräga-dveñataù—without love or hatred; kåtam—done; aphala-prepsunä—by
one without desire for fruitive result; karma—action; yat—which; tat—that;
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From Bhagwad Gita => : sättvikam—in the mode of goodness; ucyate—is called.
Copyright © 1998 The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust Int'l. All Rights Reserved.
TRANSLATION
That action which is regulated and which is performed without attachment,
without love or hatred, and without desire for fruitive results is said to be in the
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From Bhagwad Gita => : mode of goodness.
PURPORT
Regulated occupational duties, as prescribed in the scriptures in terms of
the different orders and divisions of society, performed without attachment or
proprietary rights and therefore without any love or hatred, and performed in
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