小包脚菇属

小包腳菇屬（学名：Volvariella）是光柄菇科的一個屬，其下有約50種物種，多生長於草原、樹林的土壤中，有至少一種物種（）寄生於其他蕈類。本屬物種的子實體多缺乏蕈環，具有類似鵝膏菌屬的蕈托，蕈褶中菌髓發育型態為逆向菌髓（inverse trama，即菌髓發育成熟後，子實下層的菌絲會朝菌髓側生長），擔孢子表面平滑、梅澤試劑檢驗結果為陰性（即不含有類澱粉蛋白），孢子印則多為深粉紅色。有些物種外形與鵝膏菌屬的類群相當類似，但後者多具有蕈環，且孢子印呈白色。

2002年，有分子系統發生學研究顯示小包腳菇屬與與的親緣關係較為接近，但2011年的研究不支持此一結論，而顯示小包腳菇屬是一個複系群，因此將等部分物種分出，歸入新屬，為的姊妹群，原小包腳菇屬的核心類群則與與的親緣關係較為接近。

物種
本属包括以下物种：
 Volvariella aethiops A. Favre & Vialard
 Volvariella alabamensis (Murrill) Shaffer
 Volvariella alachuana (Murrill) Shaffer
 Volvariella apalotricha (Berk. & Broome) Pegler
 Volvariella arenaria (Pat.) Singer
 小包脚菇 Volvariella argentina Speg.
 巴氏小包脚菇 Volvariella bakeri (Murrill) Shaffer
 Volvariella bingensis (Beeli) Shaffer
 银丝草菇 Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer，丝盖小包脚菇
 冬小包脚菇 Volvariella brumalis S.C. He
 Volvariella caesiotincta P.D. Orton
 Volvariella californica (Earle) Singer
 Volvariella canalipes (Murrill) Shaffer
 Volvariella castanea (Massee) G.C. Rath
 Volvariella cinerascens (Bres.) M.M. Moser
 Volvariella clarkeae Grgur.
 Volvariella cnemidophora (Mont.) Singer
 Volvariella congolensis N.C. Pathak
 Volvariella cookei Contu
 古巴小包脚菇 Volvariella cubensis (Murrill) Shaffer
 Volvariella cygnopotamia (Berk.) Singer
 Volvariella delicatula (Massee) Manjula
 双体小包脚菇 Volvariella diplasia (Berk. & Broome) Singer
 Volvariella dunensis (Vila, Àngel & Llimona) Justo & M.L. Castro
 美味草菇 Volvariella esculenta (Massee) Singer，可食小包脚菇
 Volvariella fuscidula (Bres.) M.M. Moser ex Shaffer
 Volvariella glandiformis (Berk. & Broome) Pegler
 黏盖草菇 Volvariella gloiocephala (DC.) Boekhout & Enderle
 Volvariella goossensiae (Beeli) Shaffer
 Volvariella guttulosa E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
 Volvariella heterospora Menolli & Capelari
 白毛小包脚菇 Volvariella hypopithys (Fr.) Shaffer
 Volvariella indica M.K. Saini, N.J. Kaur & Atri
 Volvariella insignis Heinem.
 Volvariella iranica (Fallahyan) Szczepka
 Volvariella islagarciae Raithelh.
 Volvariella jamaicensis (Murrill) Shaffer
 Volvariella koreana Seok, Yang S. Kim, K.M. Park, W.G. Kim, K.H. Yoo & I.C. Park
 Volvariella krizii Pilát
 Volvariella lepiotospora Singer
 Volvariella leucocalix Sá & Wartchow
 Volvariella liliputiana (Henn.) G.C. Rath
 Volvariella macrospora Singer
 Volvariella mammosa N.C. Pathak
 间型小包脚菇 Volvariella media (Schumach.) Singer
 Volvariella microspila (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S. Ito
 Volvariella minuta M. Kumar bis, Jagad. & Kaviy.
 Volvariella minutella Courtec.
 Volvariella morozovae E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
 灰小包脚菇 Volvariella murinella (Quél.) M.M. Moser ex Dennis, P.D. Orton & Hora
 Volvariella nana Pegler
 Volvariella nauseosa (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu
 Volvariella nigrodisca Shaffer
 Volvariella nigrovolvacea Kosina
 雪白小包脚菇 Volvariella nivea T.H. Li & Xiang L. Chen
 Volvariella niveosulcata E.F. Malysheva, O.V. Morozova & A.V. Alexandrova
 Volvariella nullicystidiata Menolli & Capelari
 Volvariella oswaldoi (Bat.) Putzke
 Volvariella palmicola (Beeli) Heinem.
 Volvariella paraguayensis (Speg.) Shaffer
 Volvariella parvispora Heinem.
 Volvariella peckii (G.F. Atk.) Shaffer
 Volvariella pellucida Shaffer
 Volvariella perciliata Courtec.
 Volvariella platensis (Speg.) Shaffer
 Volvariella psammophila Singer
 拟苞小包脚菇 Volvariella pseudovolvacea (Berk. & Broome) Singer
 Volvariella ptilotricha E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
 Volvariella pulla E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
 矮小包脚菇 Volvariella pusilla (Pers.) Singer
 Volvariella rava T.H. Li & Jiang Xu
 Volvariella reidii Heinem.
 Volvariella rondoniensis Singer
 Volvariella sathei Senthil., Rah. Sharma & S.K. Singh
 Volvariella smithii Shaffer
 Volvariella stercoraria (Peck) Singer
 Volvariella strangulata (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu
 Volvariella striata N.C. Pathak
 褐毛小包脚菇 Volvariella subtaylorii Hongo
 Volvariella subxerophytica Singer
 立起小包脚菇 Volvariella surrecta (Knapp) Singer
 小绒苞小包脚菇 Volvariella taylorii (Berk. & Broome) Singer
 裂托小包脚菇 Volvariella terastia (Berk. & Broome) Singer
 Volvariella terrea Musumeci & A. Riva
 Volvariella thwaitesii (Hook. f.) G.C. Rath
 毛托小包脚菇 Volvariella villosovolva (Lloyd) Singer
 草菇 Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer
 Volvariella woodrowiana (Massee) Manjula

參考資料

X
X
X