劍線蟲屬

劍線蟲屬（學名：），又名匕首線蟲屬，是一種棲息於植物根部的潛移性外寄生線蟲動物。本屬物種會對農作物造成巨大經濟損失，能影響葡萄、草莓、酒花及其他經濟作物。主要物種計有：標準劍線蟲（X. index）、美洲劍線蟲（X. americanum）、X. diversicaudatum, X. italiae及X. pachtaicum。其細長的身體及長直的是其型態特徵，以便於直接刺穿植物的表皮至其维管组织。本屬不同物種會對植物的根部造成中等至大量的傷害：這些線蟲穿透植物的根部，部分物種還會在根部造成蟲癭。

型態學
劍線蟲的體型在線蟲動物來說算是比較大，其成蟲的體長有1.5mm – 5.0mm。

系統分類學
本屬現時列有296個物種，當中包括234個已接受物種，49 個異名及13個有待確定的物種。

物種列表
下列為本屬部分物種：
 Xiphinema abrantinum Roca & Pereira, 1991
 Xiphinema aceri Chizhov & al., 1986
 Xiphinema aequum Roca & Lamberti, 1988
 美国剑线虫  Xiphinema americana
 美洲劍線蟲 Xiphinema americanum 
 Xiphinema artemisiae Chizhov & al., 1986
 贝克剑线虫 Xiphinema bakeri Williams 
 Xiphinema barense Lamberti & al., 1986
 Xiphinema basilgoodeyi Coomans, 1965
 Xiphinema belmontense Roca & Pereira, 1992
 短颈剑线虫 Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961
 Xiphinema brevisicum Lamberti & al., 1994
 Xiphinema cadavalense Bravo & Roca, 1995
 加州剑线虫 Xiphinema californicum
 钱伯斯剑线虫 Xiphinema chambersi Thorne
 Xiphinema coronatum Roca, 1991
 Xiphinema coxi Tarjan, 1964
 Xiphinema coxi coxi Tarjan, 1964
 Xiphinema coxi europaeum Sturhan, 1985
 Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan, 1978
 Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
 Xiphinema dissimile Roca & al., 1988.
 变尾剑线虫 Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) — nématode migrant des racines，裂尾剑线虫、异尾剑线虫
 Xiphinema diversum Roca & al., 1989.
 Xiphinema duriense Lamberti & al., 1993.
 台灣劍線蟲 Xiphinema elongatum 
 Xiphinema exile Roca & al., 1989.
 丝尾剑线虫 Xiphinema filicaudatum Loof et Maas
 Xiphinema fortuitum Roca & al., 1988.
 Xiphinema gersoni Roca & Bravo, 1993.
 Xiphinema globosum Sturhan, 1978.
 Xiphinema hispidum Roca & Bravo, 1994.
 Xiphinema histriae Lamberti & al., 1993.
 Xiphinema horvatovicae Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.
 喜湿剑线虫 Xiphinema hygrophilum Southey et Luc
 Xiphinema illyricum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.
 Xiphinema incertum Lamberti & al., 1983.
 不明剑线虫 Xiphinema incognitum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.
 標準劍線蟲 Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950.
 Xiphinema ingens Luc & Dalmasso, 1964.
 Xiphinema insigne
 Xiphinema intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.
 意大利剑线虫 Xiphinema italiae Meyl, 1953
 Xiphinema lafoense Roca & al., 1988
 Xiphinema lanceolatum Roca & Bravo, 1993
 Xiphinema lapidosum Roca & Bravo, 1993
 Xiphinema longistilum Lamberti & al., 1994
 Xiphinema lupini Roca & Pereira, 1993
 Xiphinema lusitanicum Sturhan, 1983
 Xiphinema macedonicum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999
 Xiphinema macroacanthum Lamberti & al., 1989
 Xiphinema madeirense Brown & al., 1992
 Xiphinema melitense Lamberti & al., 1982
 Xiphinema mesostilum Lamberti & al., 1994
 Xiphinema microstilum Lamberti & al., 1994
 Xiphinema neovuittenezi Dalmasso, 1969
 西剖剑线虫 Xiphinema occiduum
 Xiphinema opisthohysterum Siddiqi, 1961.
 Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938).
 Xiphinema pachydermum Sturhan, 1983.
 Xiphinema pombalense Bravo & Lamberti, 1996
 Xiphinema porosum Roca & Agostinelli, 1986
 Xiphinema pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985
 Xiphinema pyrenaicum Dalmasso, 1969
 Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936
 Xiphinema riparium Chizhov & al., 1991
 Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, 1969
 Xiphinema rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
 Xiphinema sahelense Dalmasso, 1969
 Xiphinema santos Lamberti & al., 1993
 里弗斯剑线虫 Xiphinema silvesi Roca & Bravo, 1998
 Xiphinema simile Lamberti & al., 1983
 Xiphinema taylori Lamberti & al., 1992
 索恩剑线虫 Xiphinema thornei
 Xiphinema turcicum Luc & Dalmasso, 1964
 犹他剑线虫 Xiphinema utahense
 Xiphinema variurum Barsi & Lamberti, 1998
 Xiphinema vuittenezi Luc & al., 1964.

分佈
本屬物種分佈於全世界，當中兩個在經濟上很重要的物種，即：標準劍線蟲 X.index及美洲劍線蟲 X.americanum都在美國加州很常見，對當地酒莊造成影響。X. diversicaudatum亦見於美國其他部份地區、歐洲及澳大利亞。

參考文獻

外部連結

Agricultural pest nematodes
Longidoridae
Enoplea genera