约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹

约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹 FRS（，；通常被称做霍尔丹、霍爾丹，在他的著作中有时也使用；姓或譯作荷頓）， 出生于大不列颠， 是一名遗传学家和进化生物学家。霍尔丹是一名坚定的马克思主义者， 由于对大不列颠政府对于苏伊士运河危机的政策感到不满，离开牛津大学去往印度并成为一名印度公民。霍尔丹同羅納德·費雪和休厄爾·賴特一起被认为是种群遗传学的奠基人。

J.B.S.霍爾丹在1929年發表的一篇關於「生命起源」的文章中提出了「有機物可由無機物形成」的假說，而這個假說已於1924年由俄羅斯科學家亚历山大·伊万诺维奇·奥巴林提出。由於兩人是分別提出相同的假說，並不互相知情，因此後人稱此假說為「歐帕林—霍爾丹假說」。

获奖
1952年, 霍尔丹获得了英国皇家学会達爾文獎章。1956年，他获得英国皇家人类学研究所授予赫胥黎（Huxley）纪念奖章。在其他的荣誉中，他还获得了Feltrinelli 奖，科学名誉博士学位，新学院荣誉院士和美国科学院授予的 Kimber 奖。1958年，他被伦敦林奈学会授予达尔文-华莱士奖章。

著作
  (1924), E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., a paper read to the Heretics, Cambridge, on February 4, 1923
 second edition (1928), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.
 see also Haldane's Daedalus Revisited (1995), ed. with an introd. by Krishna R. Dronamraju, Foreword by Joshua Lederberg; with essays by M.F. Perutz, Freeman Dyson, Yaron Ezrahi, Ernst Mayr,Elof Axel Carlson, D.J. Weatherall, N.A. Mitchison and the editor. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854846-X
 , a series of papers beginning in 1924
 G.E. Briggs and J.B.S. Haldane (1925). A note on the kinetics of enzyme action, Biochem. J., 19: 338–339
Callinicus: A Defence of Chemical Warfare (1925), E. P. Dutton
Possible Worlds and Other Essays (1928), Harper and Brothers. 1937 edition London: Chatto & Windus. 2001 edition Transaction Publishers:  ISBN 0-7658-0715-7 (includes )
Animal Biology (1929) Oxford: Clarendon
Enzymes (1930), MIT Press 1965 edition with new preface by the author written just prior to his death: ISBN 0-262-58003-9
The Inequality of Man, and Other Essays (1932)
The Causes of Evolution (1932)
Science and Human Life (1933), Harper and Brothers, Ayer Co. reprint: ISBN 0-8369-2161-5
Science and the Supernatural: Correspondence with Arnold Lunn (1935), Sheed & Ward, Inc,
Fact and Faith (1934), Watts Thinker's Library
My Friend Mr Leakey (1937), Vigyan Prasar 2001 reprint: ISBN 81-7480-029-8
Air Raid Precautions (A.R.P.) (1938), Victor Gollancz
Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences (1939), Random House, Ayer Co. reprint: ISBN 0-8369-1137-7
Science and Everyday Life (1940), Macmillan, 1941 Penguin, Ayer Co. 1975 reprint: ISBN 0-405-06595-7
Science in Peace and War (1941), Lawrence & Wishart Ltd
New Paths in Genetics (1941), George Allen & Unwin
Heredity & Politics (1943), George Allen & Unwin
Why Professional Workers should be Communists (1945), London: Communist Party (of Great Britain) In this four page pamphlet, Haldane contends that Communism should appeal to professionals because Marxism is based on the scientific method and Communists hold scientists as important; Haldane subsequently disavowed this position
Adventures of a Biologist (1947)
Science Advances (1947), Macmillan
What is Life? (1947), Boni and Gaer, 1949 edition: Lindsay Drummond
Everything Has a History (1951), Allen & Unwin -- Includes "Auld Hornie, F.R.S."; C.S. Lewis's "Reply to Professor Haldane" is available in "On Stories and Other Essays on Literature," ed. Walter Hooper (1982), ISBN 0-15-602768-2.
"The Origins of Life", New Biology, 16, 12–27 (1954). Suggests that an alternative biochemistry could be based on liquid ammonia.
"Origin of Man", Nature, 176, 169 (1955)
"Cancer's a Funny Thing", New Statesman, 21 February 1964

参见

相关书目

参考文献

外部链接

 An online copy of Daedalus or Science and the Future 
 A review (from a modern perspective) of The Causes of Evolution 
 Unofficial SJG Archive – People – JBS Haldane (1892–1964)  Accessed 22 February 2006. Useful text but the likeness is not of JBS but of his father John Scott Haldane.
 Haldane's contributions to science in India 
 Marxist Writers: J.B.S. Haldane 
There are photographs of Haldane at
 JBS Haldane , on the Portraits of Statisticians  page.
The biography  on the Marxist Writers page has a photograph of Haldane when younger.
My Friend Mr. Leakey – text – Haldane's most amusing imaginary acquaintance 

英格蘭遺傳學家
英國生物化學家
演化生物學家
群体遗传学家
英國政治作家
英國皇家學會院士
美国国家科学院外籍院士
苏联科学院外籍院士
东德科学院院士
第一次世界大战英国陆军人士
龙校校友
印度無神論者
英格蘭無神論者
印度共产主义者
大不列颠共产党党员
絕食抗議者
霍尔丹家族
伊頓公學校友
罹患大腸癌逝世者
20世紀生物學家
蘇格蘭裔英格蘭人
牛津人