无损检测

无损检测（Nondestructive testing，NDT）又称-{zh-cn:非破坏检验;zh-tw:無損檢驗;zh-hk:無損檢驗}-，是在不影响检测对象未来使用功能或现在的运行状态前提下，采用射线、超声、红外、电磁、太赫兹无损检测 等原理技术仪器对材料、零件、设备进行缺陷、化学、物理参数的检测技术。常见的有超声波检测焊缝中的裂纹等方法。中国机械工程学会无损检测学会是中国无损检测学术组织，TC56是其标准化机构。

應用與技術

NDT is divided into various methods of nondestructive testing, each based on a particular scientific principle. These methods may be further subdivided into various techniques. The various methods and techniques, due to their particular natures, may lend themselves especially well to certain applications and be of little or no value at all in other applications. Therefore, choosing the right method and technique is an important part of the performance of NDT.

聲發射檢測 （AE or AT）
红蓝酸蚀氧化检测（BEA，Blue etch anodize）
 或 （PT or LPI）
（ET 或 EMI，Electromagnetic Inspection）
 （ACFM，Alternating current field measurement）
  （ACPD，Alternating current potential drop measurement）
巴克豪森效應測試（Barkhausen testing）
（DCPD，Direct current potential drop measurement）
渦電流檢測（ECT，Eddy-current testing）
Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) for pipelines, tank floors, and wire rope
（MT 或 MPI，Magnetic-particle inspection）
（Magnetovision）
（RFT，Remote field testing）
橢圓偏振技術（Ellipsometry）
內窺鏡檢測
 （GWT，Guided wave testing）
硬度測試（Hardness testing）
（IET，Impulse excitation technique）
（Microwave imaging）
太赫兹非破壞檢測（THz，Terahertz nondestructive evaluation）
紅外線及熱力檢測 （IR，Infrared and thermal testing）
熱成像儀

Laser testing
Electronic speckle pattern interferometry
Holographic interferometry
Self-mixing laser interferometry
低連續性干涉測量術（Low coherence interferometry）
光學同調斷層掃描（OCT，Optical coherence tomography）
（Profilometer）
（Shearography）
Leak testing (LT) or Leak detection
 Hydrostatic test
Absolute pressure leak testing (pressure change)
Bubble testing
Halogen diode leak testing
Hydrogen leak testing
Mass spectrometer leak testing
Tracer-gas leak testing method for helium, hydrogen and refrigerant gases
核磁共振成像（MRI，Magnetic Resonance Imaging）及核磁共振光譜法（NMR spectroscopy）
 Metallographic replicas
Spectroscopy
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
 Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR)
 (Far-infrared =) Terahertz spectroscopy
 Raman Spectroscopy
Optical microscopy
Positive material identification (PMI)
Radiographic testing (RT) (see also Industrial radiography and Radiography)
Computed radiography
Digital radiography (real-time)
Neutron imaging
SCAR (small controlled area radiography)
X-ray computed tomography (CT)
Resonant inspection
Resonant acoustic method (RAM)
Scanning electron microscopy
Surface temper etch (Nital Etch)
Ultrasonic testing (UT)
Acoustic resonance technology (ART)
Angle beam testing
Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) (non-contact)
Laser ultrasonics (LUT)
Internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) ultrasonics for tubes
Phased array ultrasonics (PAUT)
Thickness measurement
Time of flight diffraction ultrasonics (TOFD)
Time-of-flight ultrasonic determination of 3D elastic constants (TOF)
 Vibration analysis
Visual inspection (VT)
Pipeline video inspection
Weight and load testing of structures
 Corroscan/C-scan
 3D computed tomography
Industrial CT scanning
 Heat Exchanger Life Assessment System
 RTJ Flange Special Ultrasonic Testing

評價方法
材料科學
材料試驗
非破壞檢測
生產與製造
品質管制
测试
维护保养