प्राचीन रोमन भार एवं मापन

प्राचीन रोमन भार एवं माप हैलेनिक प्रणाली, अवराम प्रणाली, कीन्गीर प्रणाली और कैमेतियाई प्रणाली पर बना था। यह शुद्ध एवं लिखित हैं।

लम्बाई 

  आधुनिक मापनशअस्त्रियों ने खोजा है, कि रोमन पाद (फुट),  निप्पुर हस्त का होता था।

टिप्पणी

#From late Antiquity the Roman foot was sometimes divided into unciae comprising 12 equal parts.  The ancient digit measure, however, largely dominated before the beginning of the Middle Ages.
 The value of the historical Roman foot scientifically obtained through modern statistical methods is 296.2 mm ± 0.5 mm, or about (296.2 ±0.17%) mm (cf. Rottländer, Tübingen, Germany). The table above is based on this value, but rounded to the millimetre precision for the foot.
 The widely accepted ratio between the Roman foot and the English foot is 36:35. The latter one is 16/28 Mesopotamian cubit and the ratio between this one and the Roman cubit is 20:24. If the present English foot is taken as for reference, the Roman foot should be 296 1/3 mm. That is within the margin obtained by R.C.A. Rottländer (see references).
 A Roman foot can be visualised as being approximately equal to the height of an A4 sheet of paper. This comparison, although descriptive, is +0.27% out of the range given above.

क्षेत्रफ़ल 

रोमन एकड़ रोमन आर्पेन्ट वर्ग होता है, 120 पेदेस गुणा 120 पेदेस. बराबर 14 400 वर्ग फ़ीट या लगभग 0.126 हेक्टेयर.

रोमन के पास क्षेत्रफ़ल की भी इकाई थी, क्वीनेरिया. इसे नलिकाओं के अनुप्रस्थ क्षेत्रफ़ल मापने के काम में लेते थे। 
एक क्वीनेरिया = लगभग 4.2 cm².

Note:  Some researchers assert that the Roman surveyors used a perch of ten Greek "Pous of Kyrenaika", i.e. 3.087 m instead of the perch of ten of their own feet, equal 2.964 m.  According to this hypothesis  – currently not supported by the majority of modern metrologists –  all the Roman area measures should be multiplied by 625/576, i.e. 8.5 % larger. If the irrefutable proof for the real existence of a Roman surveyor perch of 10 Roman feet  6⅔ digits can be adduced, then the saltus equates to one Roman square mile exactly.

आयतन

तरल मापन 

रोमन जार = अम्फ़ोरा क्वाड्रैन्टल = घन फ़ीट।
कान्जियस = आधा फ़ुट 3 
रोमन सेस्टर = एक छठा कान्जियस

शुष्क माप 

जार जैसे ही, रोमन बुशल या क्वाड्रैन्टल = एक घन फ़ूट= 26.027 लीटर
एक तिहाई क्वाड्रैन्टल = रोमन पेक

भार और सिक्के 

The Roman pound is exactly three quarters of the Greek mine.  Thus the Greek and Roman drachm is related by the ratio 32 to 25.

One and a half ounces was called by Romans "sescuncia". Some of these nouns were used to designate Roman bronze coins.

समय 
The Julian calendar was introduced in 45 BC replacing the earlier Roman calendar. In the Julian calendar as in the Gregorian calendar an ordinary year is 365 days long and a leap year is 366 days long. The difference is which years are leap years. In the Julian calendar every fourth year is a leap year. The Gregorian calendar uses a more complex algorithm to more closely approximate the length of the tropical year.

सन्दर्भ 
 Vormetrische Längeneinheiten by Rolf C. A. Rottländer, Rottenburg / Köln (also see Search-Engine).
 Recovery of the Ancient System Foot/Cubit/Stadion by Dieter Lelgemann, acting Director of the Institute for Geodesy and Geo-Information Technology, TU Berlin.
 On the Ancient Determination of Meridian Arc Length by Eratosthenes of Kyrene Dieter Lelgemann, WS – History of Surveying and Measurement, Athens, Greece, May 22-27, 2004.
 Knobloch, Eberhard, Dieter Lelgemann und Andreas Fuls: "Zur hellenistischen Methode der Bestimmung des Erdumfangs und zur Asienkarte des Klaudios Ptolemaios.", published in zfv (Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagment) 128. Jahrgang, Heft 3/2003, S. 211-217.
 Reference draws of the Nippur Cubit at Florencetime.net.
 Proposal to Add Ancient Roman Weights and Monetary Signs to UCS (Universal Character Set)

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Human-based units of measure