Είδη ξύλου

Είδη ξύλου (αγγλ. List of woods): αυτή είναι μία κατάσταση των πιο εμπορικών ειδών ξύλου τα οποία χρησιμοποιούνται σε έπιπλα, καθώς και σε μικρές ή μεγάλες ξύλινες κατασκευές και αντικείμενα στην ευρύτερη αγορά.

Κωνοφόρα (μαλακή ξυλεία - softwoods) 
 Αραουκάρια (Araucaria)
 Araucaria cunninghamii
 Araucaria araucana
 Araucaria angustifolia
 Κέδρος (Cedrus)
 Κυπαρισσοειδή (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
 Κυπαρίσσι Αριζόνας (Cupressus arizonica)
 Ταξόδιο (Taxodium distichum)
 Κυπαρίσσι Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
 Κυπαρίσσι Lawson (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
 Μεσογειακό κυπαρίσσι (Cupressus sempervirens)
 Ψευδοτσούγκα ή Oregon pine (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
 Παραθαλάσσια ψευδοτσούγκα (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
 Ορεινή ψευδοτσούγκα (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
 Ίταμος (Taxus baccata)
 Έλατο (Abies)
 Abies balsamea
 Abies alba
 Abies procera
 Abies amabilis
 Τσούγκα (Tsuga)
 Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
 Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
 Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
 Huon pine, Macquarie pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)
 Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
 Queensland kauri (Australia) (Agathis robusta)
 Japanese nutmeg-yew, kaya (Torreya nucifera)
 Λάρικα (Larix)
 Λάρικα η Ευρωπαϊκή (Larix decidua)
 Λάρικα Ιαπωνίας (Larix kaempferi)
 Λάρικα Tamarack (Larix laricina)
 Λάρικα Δυτική (Larix occidentalis)
 Πεύκη ή Πεύκο (Pinus)
 Μαύρη πεύκη (Pinus nigra)
 Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
 Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
 Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
 Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
 Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa)
 Ευρωπαϊκή πεύκη ή Δασική πεύκη ή Σουηδικό πεύκο (Pinus sylvestris)
White pine
 Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
 Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
 Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
Southern yellow pine
 Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
 Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
 Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
 Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
 Κόκκινος Κέδρος
 Eastern red cedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
 Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
 Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
 Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
 Ερυθρελάτη (Picea)
 Ευρωπαϊκή ερυθρελάτη (Picea abies)
 Black spruce (Picea mariana)
 Red spruce (Picea rubens)
 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
 White spruce (Picea glauca)
 Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
 Λευκοί Κέδροι
 Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
 Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
 Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)

Πλατύφυλλα (σκληρή ξυλεία - hardwoods) 
 Ajous, Obeche, Abachi (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
 Acacia (Acacia sp., Robinia pseudoacacia)
 African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
 Afzelia, Doussie (Afzelia africana)
 Agba, tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
 Κλήθρα ή Σκλήθρο (Alnus)
 Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
 Red alder (Alnus rubra)
 Φράξος ή Δεσποτάκι (Fraxinus)
 Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
 Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
 Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
 Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
 Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia)
 Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda)
 White ash (Fraxinus americana)
 Λεύκη ή Λεύκα (Populus)
 Bigtooth aspen (Populus gradidentata)
 European aspen (Populus tremula)
 Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
 Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata)
 Ayan, movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
 Balsa ή Μπάλσα (Ochroma pyramidale)
 Φλαμούρι ή Τηλιά ή Φιλύρα
 American basswood (Tilia americana)
 White basswood (Tilia heterophylla)
American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
 Σημύδα (Betula)
Σημύδα (Αμερικής)
 Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
 Black birch (Betula nigra)
 Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
 Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
 Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
Σημύδα (Ευρώπης)
 Silver birch (Betula pendula)
 Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
 Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
 Blackwood
 Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
 African blackwood, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
 Bloodwood (Brosimum rubescens)
 Boxelder (Acer negundo)
 Boxwood, common box (Buxus sempervirens)
Brazilian walnut (Ocotea porosa)
 Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
 Ιπποκαστανιά, Αγριοκαστανιά (Aesculus)
 Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
 Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
 Yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava)
 Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
 California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
 Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
 Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
 Catalpa, catawba (Catalpa)
 Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia)
 Κερασιά (Prunus)
Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
 Καστανιά (Castanea spp.)
 Ευρωπαϊκή καστανιά (Castanea sativa)
 Αμερικάνικη καστανιά (Castanea dentata)
 Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
 Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
 Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
 Cottonwood, popular
 Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
 Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
 Magnolia (Magnolia acuminata)
 Cumaru (Dipteryx spp.)
 Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
 Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
 Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
 Έβενος (Diospyros)
 Andaman marblewood (Diospyros kurzii)
 Ebène marbre (Diospyros melanida)
 African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)
 Ceylon ebony (Diospyros ebenum)
 Φτελιά ή Καραγάτσι
 American elm (Ulmus americana)
 English elm (Ulmus procera)
 Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
 Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra)
 Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
 Ευκάλυπτος
 Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
 White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
 Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)
 Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
 River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
 Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
 Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
 Flooded gum, rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
 York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)
 Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)
 Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
 Grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
 Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
 Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)
 Australian oak (Eucalyptus obliqua)
 Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis)
 Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
 Swamp mahogany, swamp messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
 Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
 Mugga, red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
 Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)
 Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)
 European crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
 Αχλαδιά (Pyrus communis)
 Gonçalo alves (Astronium spp.)
 Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)
 Grenadilla, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
 Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense)
 Gum (Eucalyptus)
 Gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba)
 Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
 Hickory (Carya)
 Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
 Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
 Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
 Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
 Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.)
 American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
 Ipê (Handroanthus spp.)
 Iroko (Milicia excelsa)
 Ironwood
 Balau (Shorea spp.)
 American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
 Sheoak, Polynesian ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia)
 Giant ironwood (Choricarpia subargentea)
 Diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii)
 Borneo ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
 Lignum vitae, Αγιόξυλο
Guaiacwood (Guaiacum officinale)
Holywood (Guaiacum sanctum)
 Takian (Hopea odorata)
 Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)
 Black ironwood, olive (Olea spp.)
 Lebombo ironwood  Androstachys johnsonii
 Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus)
 Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
 Desert ironwood (Olneya tesota)
 Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica)
 Brazilian ironwood, pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
 Yellow lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia)
 Jacarandá-boca-de-sapo (Jacaranda brasiliana)
 Jacarandá de Brasil (Dalbergia nigra)
 Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
 Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis)
 Lacewood
Northern silky oak (Cardwellia sublimis)
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
London plane (Platanus × acerifolia)
 Limba (Terminalia superba)
 Ψευδοακακία ή Robinia
 Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Ψευδοακακία
 Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
 Mahogany, Μαόνια 
 Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)
 West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
 Bigleaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
 Pacific Coast mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
 other mahogany
 African mahogany (Khaya spp.), Αφρικάνικο μαόνι
 Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis)
 Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany (Toona ciliata)
 Philippine mahogany, calantis, kalantis (Toona calantas)
 Indonesian mahogany, suren (Toona sureni)
 Sapele, Sapelli (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
 Sipo, Utile (Entandrophragma utile) 
 Tiama, (Entandrophragma angolense)
 Kosipo, (Entandrophragma candollei)
 Mountain mahogany, bottle tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi)
 Indian mahogany, chickrassy, chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina)
 Spanish Cedar, cedro, Brazilian mahogany (Cedrela odorata)
 Light bosse, pink mahogany (Guarea cedrata)
 Dark bosse, pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii)
 American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
 Carapa, royal mahogany, demerara mahogany, bastard mahogany, andiroba, crabwood (Carapa guianensis)
 Bead-tree, white cedar, Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)
 Σφενδάμι (Acer)
 Σκληρό Σφενδάμι
 Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
 Black maple (Acer nigrum)
 Μαλακό Σφενδάμι
 Boxelder (Acer negundo)
 Red maple (Acer rubrum)
 Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
 Ευρωπαϊκό Σφενδάμι
 Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
 Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
 Marri, red gum (Corymbia calophylla)
 Meranti (Shorea spp.)
 Merbau, ipil (Intsia bijuga), Kwila
 Mopane (Colophospermum mopane)
 Δρυς (Quercus)
 Λευκές Δρύες
White oak (Quercus alba)
 Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
 Post oak (Quercus stellata)
 Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
 Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
 Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
 Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)
 Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
 Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
 Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
 English oak (Quercus robur)
 Κόκκινες Δρύες 
 Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
 Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina)
 Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
 Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
 Water oak (Quercus nigra)
 Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
 Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana)
 Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana)
 Ελιά (Olea europaea)
 Pink ivory (Berchemia zeyheri)
 Poplar
 Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
 Black poplar (Populus nigra)
 Hybrid black poplar (Populus × canadensis)
 Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)
 Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana)
 Queensland walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)
 Ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
 Redheart, chakté-coc (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
 Sal (Shorea robusta)
 Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
 Sandalwood (Santalum spp.)
 Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)
 Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
 Southern sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum)
 Satiné, satinwood (Brosimum rubescens)
 Silky oak (Grevillea robusta) 
 Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)
 Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
 Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
 Spanish elm (Cordia alliodora)
 Tamboti (Spirostachys africana)
 Teak (Tectona grandis), Τικ
 Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
 Tupelo (Nyssa spp.)
 Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
 Λιριόδεντρο ή Πόπλαρ ή Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
 Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
 Καρυδιά (Juglans)
 Μαύρη καρυδιά (Juglans nigra) ή καρυδιά Αμερικής
 Κοινή καρυδιά (Juglans regia) ή καρυδιά Ευρώπης
 Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
 Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
 Ιτιά (Salix)
 Μαύρη ιτιά (Salix nigra)
 Λευκή ιτιά (Salix alba)
 Ιτιά Βαβυλωνίας (Salix babylonica)
 Zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)

Ψεύτικα είδη ξύλου 
Άλλα είδη τα οποία ομοιάζουν με ξύλο (ξύλωμα) αλλά δεν είναι δευτερογενές ξύλωμα, είναι τα εξής:
 Μπαμπού
 Φοινικοειδή (Palm trees)
 Κοκοφοίνικας (Cocos nucifera)
 Βόρασσος (Borassus flabellifer)

Παραπομπές

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι 
 Wood Database
 National Hardwood and Lumber Association
 American Hardwood Information Center
 American Hardwood Export Council
 Australian National Association of Forest Industries
 Canadian Wood Group
 FSC Lesser Known Tropical Wood Index
 Database of Wood Species 
 NCSU Inside Wood project
 Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough
 US Forest Products Laboratory,  "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook  PDF 916K
 International Wood Collectors Society
 Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)
 African Timber Export Statistics

Ξύλο