Αντριέν Ριτς

Η Adrienne Cecile Rich (16 Μαΐου 1929 – 27 Μαρτίου 2012) ήταν Αμερικανίδα ποιήτρια, δοκιμιογράφος και φεμινίστρια. Αποκαλούνταν "μια από τις πιο ευρέως διαβασμένες ποιήτριες του δεύτερου μισού του 20ου αιώνα", η οποία έφερε "στο προσκήνιο την καταπίεση που ένιωθαν οι γυναίκες και οι λεσβίες". Άσκησε κριτική στις άκαμπτες μορφές των φεμινιστικών ταυτοτήτων και αξιοποίησε αυτό που ονόμαζε "λεσβιακή συηνέχεια" ; η οποία είναι η γυναικεία συνέχεια της αλληλεγγύης και της δημιουργικότητας που επηρέασε και γέμισε την ζωή των γυναικών.
Η πρώτη ποιητική συλλογή της, με τίτλο A Change of World, επιλέχθηκε από τον ποιητή W. H. Auden για το βραβείο Yale Series of Younger Poets. Ο Auden προλόγισε αυτή την συλλογή. Η Ριτς αρνήθηκε το Εθνικό Μετάλλιο Τεχνών, διαμαρτυρόμενη για την απόφαση του House SpeakerNewt Gingrich να τερματίσει την χρηματοδότηση του Εθνικού Ταμείου Τεχνών.

Εργογραφία

Nonfiction
 1976: 
 1979: On Lies, Secrets and Silence: Selected Prose, 1966–1978
 1986: Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose, 1979–1985 (Includes the noted essay: "Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence")
 1993: What Is Found There: Notebooks on Poetry and Politics
 1995: If Not with Others, How? pp. 399–405 in 
 2001: 
 2007: Poetry and Commitment: An Essay
 2009: A Human Eye: Essays on Art in Society, 1997–2008
 2018: Essential Essays: Culture, Politics, and the Art of Poetry, W.W. Norton, 2018

Ποίηση

Συλλογές 
 year
1951: 
 1955: 
 1963: 
 1966: 
 1967: 
 1969: 
 1971: 
 1973: 
 1975: 
 1976: 
 1978: 
 1982:  (reprint 1993)
 1983: 
 1984: 
 1986: 
 1989: 
 1991: 
 1993: 
 1995: 
 1996: 
 1999: 
 2001:  (reprint 2003)
 2004: 
 2007: 
 2010:

Κριτικές μελέτες του έργου της Ριτς

Επιλεγμένα βραβεία 
Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
 1950: Yale Younger Poets Award for A Change of World.
 1952: Guggenheim Fellowship
 1960: National Institute of Arts and Letters Award
 1970: Shelley Memorial Award
 1974: National Book Award for Poetry (a split award) for Diving into the Wreck 
 1979: Honorary Doctorate Smith College
 1986: Inaugural Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize
 1989: Honorary doctorate from Harvard University
 1989: National Poetry Association Award for Distinguished Service to the Art of Poetry
 1990: Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement (for gay or lesbian writing)
 1991: Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service
 1991: Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 1992: Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize
 1992: Poets' Prize for Atlas of the Difficult World
 1992: Frost Medal
 1992: Academy of American Poets Fellowship
 1994: MacArthur Fellowship
 1996: Wallace Stevens Award
 1997: National Medal of Arts (refused)
 1999: Lifetime Achievement Award from the Lannan Foundation
 2006: National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters
 2010: Lifetime Recognition Award from the Griffin Poetry Prize
 2017: Finalist, Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (posthumous)
2019: In June 2019, Rich was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument (SNM) in New York City’s Stonewall Inn. The SNM is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history, and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots.

Παραπομπές

Περαιτέρω ανάγνωση
Colby Langdell, Cheri (2004) Adrienne Rich: The Moment of Change  Praeger 
Gioia, Dana (January 1999) "Midnight Salvage: Poems 1995–1998" (first published in San Francisco Magazine)
Henneberg, Sylvia (2010)  The Creative Crone: Aging and the Poetry of May Sarton and Adrienne Rich  University of Missouri 
Keyes, Claire (2008) The Aesthetics of Power: The Poetry of Adrienne Rich  University of Georgia Press 
Shuman, R. Baird (2002) Great American Writers: Twentieth Century. Marshall Cavendish
Yorke, Liz (1998) Adrienne Rich: Passion, Politics and the Body Sage Publications

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι

 Official Adrienne Rich Website. Managed by The Adrienne Rich Literary Trust.
 Adrienne Rich: Profile, Poems, Essays at Poets.org
 Profile and poems written and audio at Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2010-01-08
 Profile and poems written and audio at Poetry Archive. Retrieved 2010-01-08
 Profile at Modern American Poets . Retrieved 2010-01-08
 Profile at Barclay Agency  and Rich videos . Retrieved 2010-01-08
 Griffin Poetry Prize Profile and videos . Retrieved 2010-01-08
 Reading and conversation at Lannan Foundation September 29 1999 (audio, 48 mins). Retrieved 2010-01-08
 Extensive audio recordings of Rich at PennSound, University of Virginia. Retrieved 2010-01-08
 "Legislators of the world" poetry article by Rich at The Guardian, November 18, 2006. Retrieved 2010-01-08
 "Adrienne Rich Papers". Archive at Schlesinger Library from the Radcliffe Institute. Retrieved 2010-01-08
 
 Adrienne Rich at Library of Congress Authorities — with 61 catalog records

Αμερικανίδες συγγραφείς
Αμερικανοί ποιητές
Αμερικανοί δοκιμιογράφοι
Αμερικανοί ακτιβιστές
Αμερικανοί φεμινιστές