sklearn.linear_model.ridge_regression(X, y, alpha, *, sample_weight=None, solver='auto', max_iter=None, tol=0.001, verbose=0, random_state=None, return_n_iter=False, return_intercept=False, check_input=True) [source]
 
Solve the ridge equation by the method of normal equations. Read more in the User Guide.  Parameters 
 
X{ndarray, sparse matrix, LinearOperator} of shape (n_samples, n_features) 

Training data  
yndarray of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_targets) 

Target values  
alphafloat or array-like of shape (n_targets,) 

Regularization strength; must be a positive float. Regularization improves the conditioning of the problem and reduces the variance of the estimates. Larger values specify stronger regularization. Alpha corresponds to 1 / (2C) in other linear models such as LogisticRegression or LinearSVC. If an array is passed, penalties are assumed to be specific to the targets. Hence they must correspond in number.  
sample_weightfloat or array-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None 

Individual weights for each sample. If given a float, every sample will have the same weight. If sample_weight is not None and solver=’auto’, the solver will be set to ‘cholesky’.  New in version 0.17.   
solver{‘auto’, ‘svd’, ‘cholesky’, ‘lsqr’, ‘sparse_cg’, ‘sag’, ‘saga’}, default=’auto’ 

Solver to use in the computational routines:  ‘auto’ chooses the solver automatically based on the type of data. ‘svd’ uses a Singular Value Decomposition of X to compute the Ridge coefficients. More stable for singular matrices than ‘cholesky’. ‘cholesky’ uses the standard scipy.linalg.solve function to obtain a closed-form solution via a Cholesky decomposition of dot(X.T, X) ‘sparse_cg’ uses the conjugate gradient solver as found in scipy.sparse.linalg.cg. As an iterative algorithm, this solver is more appropriate than ‘cholesky’ for large-scale data (possibility to set tol and max_iter). ‘lsqr’ uses the dedicated regularized least-squares routine scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr. It is the fastest and uses an iterative procedure. ‘sag’ uses a Stochastic Average Gradient descent, and ‘saga’ uses its improved, unbiased version named SAGA. Both methods also use an iterative procedure, and are often faster than other solvers when both n_samples and n_features are large. Note that ‘sag’ and ‘saga’ fast convergence is only guaranteed on features with approximately the same scale. You can preprocess the data with a scaler from sklearn.preprocessing.  All last five solvers support both dense and sparse data. However, only ‘sag’ and ‘sparse_cg’ supports sparse input when fit_intercept is True.  New in version 0.17: Stochastic Average Gradient descent solver.   New in version 0.19: SAGA solver.   
max_iterint, default=None 

Maximum number of iterations for conjugate gradient solver. For the ‘sparse_cg’ and ‘lsqr’ solvers, the default value is determined by scipy.sparse.linalg. For ‘sag’ and saga solver, the default value is 1000.  
tolfloat, default=1e-3 

Precision of the solution.  
verboseint, default=0 

Verbosity level. Setting verbose > 0 will display additional information depending on the solver used.  
random_stateint, RandomState instance, default=None 

Used when solver == ‘sag’ or ‘saga’ to shuffle the data. See Glossary for details.  
return_n_iterbool, default=False 

If True, the method also returns n_iter, the actual number of iteration performed by the solver.  New in version 0.17.   
return_interceptbool, default=False 

If True and if X is sparse, the method also returns the intercept, and the solver is automatically changed to ‘sag’. This is only a temporary fix for fitting the intercept with sparse data. For dense data, use sklearn.linear_model._preprocess_data before your regression.  New in version 0.17.   
check_inputbool, default=True 

If False, the input arrays X and y will not be checked.  New in version 0.21.     Returns 
 
coefndarray of shape (n_features,) or (n_targets, n_features) 

Weight vector(s).  
n_iterint, optional 

The actual number of iteration performed by the solver. Only returned if return_n_iter is True.  
interceptfloat or ndarray of shape (n_targets,) 

The intercept of the model. Only returned if return_intercept is True and if X is a scipy sparse array.     Notes This function won’t compute the intercept.