skimage.draw.rectangle_perimeter(start, end=None, extent=None, shape=None, clip=False) [source]

Generate coordinates of pixels that are exactly around a rectangle.  Parameters

starttuple

Origin point of the inner rectangle, e.g., (row, column).
endtuple

End point of the inner rectangle (row, column). For a 2D matrix, the slice defined by inner the rectangle is [start:(end+1)]. Either end or extent must be specified.
extenttuple

The extent (size) of the inner rectangle. E.g., (num_rows, num_cols). Either end or extent must be specified. Negative extents are permitted. See rectangle to better understand how they behave.
shapetuple, optional

Image shape used to determine the maximum bounds of the output coordinates. This is useful for clipping perimeters that exceed the image size. By default, no clipping is done. Must be at least length 2. Only the first two values are used to determine the extent of the input image.
clipbool, optional

Whether to clip the perimeter to the provided shape. If this is set to True, the drawn figure will always be a closed polygon with all edges visible.    Returns

coordsarray of int, shape (2, Npoints)

The coordinates of all pixels in the rectangle.     Examples >>> import numpy as np
>>> from skimage.draw import rectangle_perimeter
>>> img = np.zeros((5, 6), dtype=np.uint8)
>>> start = (2, 3)
>>> end = (3, 4)
>>> rr, cc = rectangle_perimeter(start, end=end, shape=img.shape)
>>> img[rr, cc] = 1
>>> img
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],
       [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
       [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
       [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1]], dtype=uint8)
 >>> img = np.zeros((5, 5), dtype=np.uint8)
>>> r, c = rectangle_perimeter(start, (10, 10), shape=img.shape, clip=True)
>>> img[r, c] = 1
>>> img
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 1, 1],
       [0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
       [0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
       [0, 0, 1, 1, 1]], dtype=uint8)


skimage.draw.set_color(image, coords, color, alpha=1) [source]

Set pixel color in the image at the given coordinates. Note that this function modifies the color of the image in-place. Coordinates that exceed the shape of the image will be ignored.  Parameters

image(M, N, D) ndarray

Image
coordstuple of ((P,) ndarray, (P,) ndarray)

Row and column coordinates of pixels to be colored.
color(D,) ndarray

Color to be assigned to coordinates in the image.
alphascalar or (N,) ndarray

Alpha values used to blend color with image. 0 is transparent, 1 is opaque.     Examples >>> from skimage.draw import line, set_color
>>> img = np.zeros((10, 10), dtype=np.uint8)
>>> rr, cc = line(1, 1, 20, 20)
>>> set_color(img, (rr, cc), 1)
>>> img
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]], dtype=uint8)


skimage.dtype_limits(image, clip_negative=False) [source]

Return intensity limits, i.e. (min, max) tuple, of the image’s dtype.  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image.
clip_negativebool, optional

If True, clip the negative range (i.e. return 0 for min intensity) even if the image dtype allows negative values.    Returns

imin, imaxtuple

Lower and upper intensity limits.


Module: exposure
skimage.exposure.adjust_gamma(image[, …]) Performs Gamma Correction on the input image.
skimage.exposure.adjust_log(image[, gain, inv]) Performs Logarithmic correction on the input image.
skimage.exposure.adjust_sigmoid(image[, …]) Performs Sigmoid Correction on the input image.
skimage.exposure.cumulative_distribution(image) Return cumulative distribution function (cdf) for the given image.
skimage.exposure.equalize_adapthist(image[, …]) Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE).
skimage.exposure.equalize_hist(image[, …]) Return image after histogram equalization.
skimage.exposure.histogram(image[, nbins, …]) Return histogram of image.
skimage.exposure.is_low_contrast(image[, …]) Determine if an image is low contrast.
skimage.exposure.match_histograms(image, …) Adjust an image so that its cumulative histogram matches that of another.
skimage.exposure.rescale_intensity(image[, …]) Return image after stretching or shrinking its intensity levels.   adjust_gamma
skimage.exposure.adjust_gamma(image, gamma=1, gain=1) [source]

Performs Gamma Correction on the input image. Also known as Power Law Transform. This function transforms the input image pixelwise according to the equation O = I**gamma after scaling each pixel to the range 0 to 1.  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image.
gammafloat, optional

Non negative real number. Default value is 1.
gainfloat, optional

The constant multiplier. Default value is 1.    Returns

outndarray

Gamma corrected output image.      See also
adjust_log

  Notes For gamma greater than 1, the histogram will shift towards left and the output image will be darker than the input image. For gamma less than 1, the histogram will shift towards right and the output image will be brighter than the input image. References
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_correction   Examples >>> from skimage import data, exposure, img_as_float
>>> image = img_as_float(data.moon())
>>> gamma_corrected = exposure.adjust_gamma(image, 2)
>>> # Output is darker for gamma > 1
>>> image.mean() > gamma_corrected.mean()
True

 Examples using skimage.exposure.adjust_gamma

  Explore 3D images (of cells)   adjust_log
skimage.exposure.adjust_log(image, gain=1, inv=False) [source]

Performs Logarithmic correction on the input image. This function transforms the input image pixelwise according to the equation O = gain*log(1 + I) after scaling each pixel to the range 0 to 1. For inverse logarithmic correction, the equation is O = gain*(2**I - 1).  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image.
gainfloat, optional

The constant multiplier. Default value is 1.
invfloat, optional

If True, it performs inverse logarithmic correction, else correction will be logarithmic. Defaults to False.    Returns

outndarray

Logarithm corrected output image.      See also
adjust_gamma

  References
1
http://www.ece.ucsb.edu/Faculty/Manjunath/courses/ece178W03/EnhancePart1.pdf
 adjust_sigmoid
skimage.exposure.adjust_sigmoid(image, cutoff=0.5, gain=10, inv=False) [source]

Performs Sigmoid Correction on the input image. Also known as Contrast Adjustment. This function transforms the input image pixelwise according to the equation O = 1/(1 + exp*(gain*(cutoff - I))) after scaling each pixel to the range 0 to 1.  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image.
cutofffloat, optional

Cutoff of the sigmoid function that shifts the characteristic curve in horizontal direction. Default value is 0.5.
gainfloat, optional

The constant multiplier in exponential’s power of sigmoid function. Default value is 10.
invbool, optional

If True, returns the negative sigmoid correction. Defaults to False.    Returns

outndarray

Sigmoid corrected output image.      See also
adjust_gamma

  References
1
Gustav J. Braun, “Image Lightness Rescaling Using Sigmoidal Contrast Enhancement Functions”, http://www.cis.rit.edu/fairchild/PDFs/PAP07.pdf
 cumulative_distribution
skimage.exposure.cumulative_distribution(image, nbins=256) [source]

Return cumulative distribution function (cdf) for the given image.  Parameters

imagearray

Image array.
nbinsint, optional

Number of bins for image histogram.    Returns

img_cdfarray

Values of cumulative distribution function.
bin_centersarray

Centers of bins.      See also
histogram

  References
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_distribution_function   Examples >>> from skimage import data, exposure, img_as_float
>>> image = img_as_float(data.camera())
>>> hi = exposure.histogram(image)
>>> cdf = exposure.cumulative_distribution(image)
>>> np.alltrue(cdf[0] == np.cumsum(hi[0])/float(image.size))
True

 Examples using skimage.exposure.cumulative_distribution

  Local Histogram Equalization

  Explore 3D images (of cells)   equalize_adapthist
skimage.exposure.equalize_adapthist(image, kernel_size=None, clip_limit=0.01, nbins=256) [source]

Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). An algorithm for local contrast enhancement, that uses histograms computed over different tile regions of the image. Local details can therefore be enhanced even in regions that are darker or lighter than most of the image.  Parameters

image(N1, …,NN[, C]) ndarray

Input image.  kernel_size: int or array_like, optional

Defines the shape of contextual regions used in the algorithm. If iterable is passed, it must have the same number of elements as image.ndim (without color channel). If integer, it is broadcasted to each image dimension. By default, kernel_size is 1/8 of image height by 1/8 of its width.
clip_limitfloat, optional

Clipping limit, normalized between 0 and 1 (higher values give more contrast).
nbinsint, optional

Number of gray bins for histogram (“data range”).    Returns

out(N1, …,NN[, C]) ndarray

Equalized image with float64 dtype.      See also
equalize_hist, rescale_intensity

  Notes
 For color images, the following steps are performed:

 The image is converted to HSV color space The CLAHE algorithm is run on the V (Value) channel The image is converted back to RGB space and returned     For RGBA images, the original alpha channel is removed.   Changed in version 0.17: The values returned by this function are slightly shifted upwards because of an internal change in rounding behavior.  References
1
http://tog.acm.org/resources/GraphicsGems/
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLAHE#CLAHE
 Examples using skimage.exposure.equalize_adapthist

  3D adaptive histogram equalization   equalize_hist
skimage.exposure.equalize_hist(image, nbins=256, mask=None) [source]

Return image after histogram equalization.  Parameters

imagearray

Image array.
nbinsint, optional

Number of bins for image histogram. Note: this argument is ignored for integer images, for which each integer is its own bin.  mask: ndarray of bools or 0s and 1s, optional

Array of same shape as image. Only points at which mask == True are used for the equalization, which is applied to the whole image.    Returns

outfloat array

Image array after histogram equalization.     Notes This function is adapted from [1] with the author’s permission. References
1
http://www.janeriksolem.net/histogram-equalization-with-python-and.html
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram_equalization
 Examples using skimage.exposure.equalize_hist

  Local Histogram Equalization

  3D adaptive histogram equalization

  Explore 3D images (of cells)

  Rank filters   histogram
skimage.exposure.histogram(image, nbins=256, source_range='image', normalize=False) [source]

Return histogram of image. Unlike numpy.histogram, this function returns the centers of bins and does not rebin integer arrays. For integer arrays, each integer value has its own bin, which improves speed and intensity-resolution. The histogram is computed on the flattened image: for color images, the function should be used separately on each channel to obtain a histogram for each color channel.  Parameters

imagearray

Input image.
nbinsint, optional

Number of bins used to calculate histogram. This value is ignored for integer arrays.
source_rangestring, optional

‘image’ (default) determines the range from the input image. ‘dtype’ determines the range from the expected range of the images of that data type.
normalizebool, optional

If True, normalize the histogram by the sum of its values.    Returns

histarray

The values of the histogram.
bin_centersarray

The values at the center of the bins.      See also
cumulative_distribution

  Examples >>> from skimage import data, exposure, img_as_float
>>> image = img_as_float(data.camera())
>>> np.histogram(image, bins=2)
(array([ 93585, 168559]), array([0. , 0.5, 1. ]))
>>> exposure.histogram(image, nbins=2)
(array([ 93585, 168559]), array([0.25, 0.75]))

 Examples using skimage.exposure.histogram

  Rank filters   is_low_contrast
skimage.exposure.is_low_contrast(image, fraction_threshold=0.05, lower_percentile=1, upper_percentile=99, method='linear') [source]

Determine if an image is low contrast.  Parameters

imagearray-like

The image under test.
fraction_thresholdfloat, optional

The low contrast fraction threshold. An image is considered low- contrast when its range of brightness spans less than this fraction of its data type’s full range. [1]
lower_percentilefloat, optional

Disregard values below this percentile when computing image contrast.
upper_percentilefloat, optional

Disregard values above this percentile when computing image contrast.
methodstr, optional

The contrast determination method. Right now the only available option is “linear”.    Returns

outbool

True when the image is determined to be low contrast.     References
1
https://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/user_guide/data_types.html   Examples >>> image = np.linspace(0, 0.04, 100)
>>> is_low_contrast(image)
True
>>> image[-1] = 1
>>> is_low_contrast(image)
True
>>> is_low_contrast(image, upper_percentile=100)
False

 match_histograms
skimage.exposure.match_histograms(image, reference, *, multichannel=False) [source]

Adjust an image so that its cumulative histogram matches that of another. The adjustment is applied separately for each channel.  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image. Can be gray-scale or in color.
referencendarray

Image to match histogram of. Must have the same number of channels as image.
multichannelbool, optional

Apply the matching separately for each channel.    Returns

matchedndarray

Transformed input image.    Raises
 ValueError

Thrown when the number of channels in the input image and the reference differ.     References
1
http://paulbourke.net/miscellaneous/equalisation/
 rescale_intensity
skimage.exposure.rescale_intensity(image, in_range='image', out_range='dtype') [source]

Return image after stretching or shrinking its intensity levels. The desired intensity range of the input and output, in_range and out_range respectively, are used to stretch or shrink the intensity range of the input image. See examples below.  Parameters

imagearray

Image array.
in_range, out_rangestr or 2-tuple, optional

Min and max intensity values of input and output image. The possible values for this parameter are enumerated below.  ‘image’

Use image min/max as the intensity range.  ‘dtype’

Use min/max of the image’s dtype as the intensity range.  dtype-name

Use intensity range based on desired dtype. Must be valid key in DTYPE_RANGE.  2-tuple

Use range_values as explicit min/max intensities.      Returns

outarray

Image array after rescaling its intensity. This image is the same dtype as the input image.      See also
equalize_hist

  Notes  Changed in version 0.17: The dtype of the output array has changed to match the output dtype, or float if the output range is specified by a pair of floats.  Examples By default, the min/max intensities of the input image are stretched to the limits allowed by the image’s dtype, since in_range defaults to ‘image’ and out_range defaults to ‘dtype’: >>> image = np.array([51, 102, 153], dtype=np.uint8)
>>> rescale_intensity(image)
array([  0, 127, 255], dtype=uint8)
 It’s easy to accidentally convert an image dtype from uint8 to float: >>> 1.0 * image
array([ 51., 102., 153.])
 Use rescale_intensity to rescale to the proper range for float dtypes: >>> image_float = 1.0 * image
>>> rescale_intensity(image_float)
array([0. , 0.5, 1. ])
 To maintain the low contrast of the original, use the in_range parameter: >>> rescale_intensity(image_float, in_range=(0, 255))
array([0.2, 0.4, 0.6])
 If the min/max value of in_range is more/less than the min/max image intensity, then the intensity levels are clipped: >>> rescale_intensity(image_float, in_range=(0, 102))
array([0.5, 1. , 1. ])
 If you have an image with signed integers but want to rescale the image to just the positive range, use the out_range parameter. In that case, the output dtype will be float: >>> image = np.array([-10, 0, 10], dtype=np.int8)
>>> rescale_intensity(image, out_range=(0, 127))
array([  0. ,  63.5, 127. ])
 To get the desired range with a specific dtype, use .astype(): >>> rescale_intensity(image, out_range=(0, 127)).astype(np.int8)
array([  0,  63, 127], dtype=int8)
 If the input image is constant, the output will be clipped directly to the output range: >>> image = np.array([130, 130, 130], dtype=np.int32) >>> rescale_intensity(image, out_range=(0, 127)).astype(np.int32) array([127, 127, 127], dtype=int32)
 Examples using skimage.exposure.rescale_intensity

  Phase Unwrapping

  Explore 3D images (of cells)

  Rank filters


skimage.exposure.adjust_gamma(image, gamma=1, gain=1) [source]

Performs Gamma Correction on the input image. Also known as Power Law Transform. This function transforms the input image pixelwise according to the equation O = I**gamma after scaling each pixel to the range 0 to 1.  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image.
gammafloat, optional

Non negative real number. Default value is 1.
gainfloat, optional

The constant multiplier. Default value is 1.    Returns

outndarray

Gamma corrected output image.      See also
adjust_log

  Notes For gamma greater than 1, the histogram will shift towards left and the output image will be darker than the input image. For gamma less than 1, the histogram will shift towards right and the output image will be brighter than the input image. References
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_correction   Examples >>> from skimage import data, exposure, img_as_float
>>> image = img_as_float(data.moon())
>>> gamma_corrected = exposure.adjust_gamma(image, 2)
>>> # Output is darker for gamma > 1
>>> image.mean() > gamma_corrected.mean()
True


skimage.exposure.adjust_log(image, gain=1, inv=False) [source]

Performs Logarithmic correction on the input image. This function transforms the input image pixelwise according to the equation O = gain*log(1 + I) after scaling each pixel to the range 0 to 1. For inverse logarithmic correction, the equation is O = gain*(2**I - 1).  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image.
gainfloat, optional

The constant multiplier. Default value is 1.
invfloat, optional

If True, it performs inverse logarithmic correction, else correction will be logarithmic. Defaults to False.    Returns

outndarray

Logarithm corrected output image.      See also
adjust_gamma

  References
1
http://www.ece.ucsb.edu/Faculty/Manjunath/courses/ece178W03/EnhancePart1.pdf


skimage.exposure.adjust_sigmoid(image, cutoff=0.5, gain=10, inv=False) [source]

Performs Sigmoid Correction on the input image. Also known as Contrast Adjustment. This function transforms the input image pixelwise according to the equation O = 1/(1 + exp*(gain*(cutoff - I))) after scaling each pixel to the range 0 to 1.  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image.
cutofffloat, optional

Cutoff of the sigmoid function that shifts the characteristic curve in horizontal direction. Default value is 0.5.
gainfloat, optional

The constant multiplier in exponential’s power of sigmoid function. Default value is 10.
invbool, optional

If True, returns the negative sigmoid correction. Defaults to False.    Returns

outndarray

Sigmoid corrected output image.      See also
adjust_gamma

  References
1
Gustav J. Braun, “Image Lightness Rescaling Using Sigmoidal Contrast Enhancement Functions”, http://www.cis.rit.edu/fairchild/PDFs/PAP07.pdf


skimage.exposure.cumulative_distribution(image, nbins=256) [source]

Return cumulative distribution function (cdf) for the given image.  Parameters

imagearray

Image array.
nbinsint, optional

Number of bins for image histogram.    Returns

img_cdfarray

Values of cumulative distribution function.
bin_centersarray

Centers of bins.      See also
histogram

  References
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_distribution_function   Examples >>> from skimage import data, exposure, img_as_float
>>> image = img_as_float(data.camera())
>>> hi = exposure.histogram(image)
>>> cdf = exposure.cumulative_distribution(image)
>>> np.alltrue(cdf[0] == np.cumsum(hi[0])/float(image.size))
True


skimage.exposure.equalize_adapthist(image, kernel_size=None, clip_limit=0.01, nbins=256) [source]

Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). An algorithm for local contrast enhancement, that uses histograms computed over different tile regions of the image. Local details can therefore be enhanced even in regions that are darker or lighter than most of the image.  Parameters

image(N1, …,NN[, C]) ndarray

Input image.  kernel_size: int or array_like, optional

Defines the shape of contextual regions used in the algorithm. If iterable is passed, it must have the same number of elements as image.ndim (without color channel). If integer, it is broadcasted to each image dimension. By default, kernel_size is 1/8 of image height by 1/8 of its width.
clip_limitfloat, optional

Clipping limit, normalized between 0 and 1 (higher values give more contrast).
nbinsint, optional

Number of gray bins for histogram (“data range”).    Returns

out(N1, …,NN[, C]) ndarray

Equalized image with float64 dtype.      See also
equalize_hist, rescale_intensity

  Notes
 For color images, the following steps are performed:

 The image is converted to HSV color space The CLAHE algorithm is run on the V (Value) channel The image is converted back to RGB space and returned     For RGBA images, the original alpha channel is removed.   Changed in version 0.17: The values returned by this function are slightly shifted upwards because of an internal change in rounding behavior.  References
1
http://tog.acm.org/resources/GraphicsGems/
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLAHE#CLAHE


skimage.exposure.equalize_hist(image, nbins=256, mask=None) [source]

Return image after histogram equalization.  Parameters

imagearray

Image array.
nbinsint, optional

Number of bins for image histogram. Note: this argument is ignored for integer images, for which each integer is its own bin.  mask: ndarray of bools or 0s and 1s, optional

Array of same shape as image. Only points at which mask == True are used for the equalization, which is applied to the whole image.    Returns

outfloat array

Image array after histogram equalization.     Notes This function is adapted from [1] with the author’s permission. References
1
http://www.janeriksolem.net/histogram-equalization-with-python-and.html
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram_equalization


skimage.exposure.histogram(image, nbins=256, source_range='image', normalize=False) [source]

Return histogram of image. Unlike numpy.histogram, this function returns the centers of bins and does not rebin integer arrays. For integer arrays, each integer value has its own bin, which improves speed and intensity-resolution. The histogram is computed on the flattened image: for color images, the function should be used separately on each channel to obtain a histogram for each color channel.  Parameters

imagearray

Input image.
nbinsint, optional

Number of bins used to calculate histogram. This value is ignored for integer arrays.
source_rangestring, optional

‘image’ (default) determines the range from the input image. ‘dtype’ determines the range from the expected range of the images of that data type.
normalizebool, optional

If True, normalize the histogram by the sum of its values.    Returns

histarray

The values of the histogram.
bin_centersarray

The values at the center of the bins.      See also
cumulative_distribution

  Examples >>> from skimage import data, exposure, img_as_float
>>> image = img_as_float(data.camera())
>>> np.histogram(image, bins=2)
(array([ 93585, 168559]), array([0. , 0.5, 1. ]))
>>> exposure.histogram(image, nbins=2)
(array([ 93585, 168559]), array([0.25, 0.75]))


skimage.exposure.is_low_contrast(image, fraction_threshold=0.05, lower_percentile=1, upper_percentile=99, method='linear') [source]

Determine if an image is low contrast.  Parameters

imagearray-like

The image under test.
fraction_thresholdfloat, optional

The low contrast fraction threshold. An image is considered low- contrast when its range of brightness spans less than this fraction of its data type’s full range. [1]
lower_percentilefloat, optional

Disregard values below this percentile when computing image contrast.
upper_percentilefloat, optional

Disregard values above this percentile when computing image contrast.
methodstr, optional

The contrast determination method. Right now the only available option is “linear”.    Returns

outbool

True when the image is determined to be low contrast.     References
1
https://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/user_guide/data_types.html   Examples >>> image = np.linspace(0, 0.04, 100)
>>> is_low_contrast(image)
True
>>> image[-1] = 1
>>> is_low_contrast(image)
True
>>> is_low_contrast(image, upper_percentile=100)
False


skimage.exposure.match_histograms(image, reference, *, multichannel=False) [source]

Adjust an image so that its cumulative histogram matches that of another. The adjustment is applied separately for each channel.  Parameters

imagendarray

Input image. Can be gray-scale or in color.
referencendarray

Image to match histogram of. Must have the same number of channels as image.
multichannelbool, optional

Apply the matching separately for each channel.    Returns

matchedndarray

Transformed input image.    Raises
 ValueError

Thrown when the number of channels in the input image and the reference differ.     References
1
http://paulbourke.net/miscellaneous/equalisation/


skimage.exposure.rescale_intensity(image, in_range='image', out_range='dtype') [source]

Return image after stretching or shrinking its intensity levels. The desired intensity range of the input and output, in_range and out_range respectively, are used to stretch or shrink the intensity range of the input image. See examples below.  Parameters

imagearray

Image array.
in_range, out_rangestr or 2-tuple, optional

Min and max intensity values of input and output image. The possible values for this parameter are enumerated below.  ‘image’

Use image min/max as the intensity range.  ‘dtype’

Use min/max of the image’s dtype as the intensity range.  dtype-name

Use intensity range based on desired dtype. Must be valid key in DTYPE_RANGE.  2-tuple

Use range_values as explicit min/max intensities.      Returns

outarray

Image array after rescaling its intensity. This image is the same dtype as the input image.      See also
equalize_hist

  Notes  Changed in version 0.17: The dtype of the output array has changed to match the output dtype, or float if the output range is specified by a pair of floats.  Examples By default, the min/max intensities of the input image are stretched to the limits allowed by the image’s dtype, since in_range defaults to ‘image’ and out_range defaults to ‘dtype’: >>> image = np.array([51, 102, 153], dtype=np.uint8)
>>> rescale_intensity(image)
array([  0, 127, 255], dtype=uint8)
 It’s easy to accidentally convert an image dtype from uint8 to float: >>> 1.0 * image
array([ 51., 102., 153.])
 Use rescale_intensity to rescale to the proper range for float dtypes: >>> image_float = 1.0 * image
>>> rescale_intensity(image_float)
array([0. , 0.5, 1. ])
 To maintain the low contrast of the original, use the in_range parameter: >>> rescale_intensity(image_float, in_range=(0, 255))
array([0.2, 0.4, 0.6])
 If the min/max value of in_range is more/less than the min/max image intensity, then the intensity levels are clipped: >>> rescale_intensity(image_float, in_range=(0, 102))
array([0.5, 1. , 1. ])
 If you have an image with signed integers but want to rescale the image to just the positive range, use the out_range parameter. In that case, the output dtype will be float: >>> image = np.array([-10, 0, 10], dtype=np.int8)
>>> rescale_intensity(image, out_range=(0, 127))
array([  0. ,  63.5, 127. ])
 To get the desired range with a specific dtype, use .astype(): >>> rescale_intensity(image, out_range=(0, 127)).astype(np.int8)
array([  0,  63, 127], dtype=int8)
 If the input image is constant, the output will be clipped directly to the output range: >>> image = np.array([130, 130, 130], dtype=np.int32) >>> rescale_intensity(image, out_range=(0, 127)).astype(np.int32) array([127, 127, 127], dtype=int32)