model
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16 values
entity
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0
88
entity_type
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4 values
generated_question
stringlengths
12
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stringlengths
1
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4 values
gpt_out
stringclasses
54 values
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Election of 1876
hard_fact
What was the controversial presidential election that led to the Compromise of 1877, effectively ending the Reconstruction era?
The controversial presidential election of 1876 between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden led to the Compromise of 1877, effectively ending the Reconstruction era.
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Clausius-Clapeyron relation
hard_fact
What is the name of the equation that relates the vapor pressure of a pure substance to its temperature, assuming equilibrium conditions?
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
A Bar at the Folies-Bergère
hard_fact
What is the title of Édouard Manet's famous painting depicting a scene from a Parisian cabaret?
Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
House of Vasa
hard_fact
What was the name of the Swedish royal house that ruled from 1523 to 1654?
House of Vasa
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Murder of Emmett Till
hard_fact
What was the horrific 1955 lynching of a 14-year-old African American boy from Chicago that catalyzed the civil rights movement?
The murder of Emmett Till
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Hour of the Star
hard_fact
What is the title of Clarice Lispector's final novel, published in 1977?
A Hora da Estrela
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Leopold I of Belgium
hard_fact
Who was the first king of the independent Kingdom of Belgium?
Leopold I
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Timothy Dexter
hard_fact
Who was the eccentric 18th-century American merchant and self-styled philosopher known for his bizarre behavior and writings?
Timothy Dexter
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
the identity of indiscernibles
hard_fact
What is the philosophical principle stating that no two distinct things can have all their properties in common?
The principle of the identity of indiscernibles
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Le tombeau de Couperin
hard_fact
What is the title of Maurice Ravel's suite for solo piano, composed between 1914 and 1917, inspired by the Baroque dance suite and dedicated to the memory of friends who died in World War I?
Le Tombeau de Couperin
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Gödel’s incompleteness theorem
hard_fact
What mathematical result, published in 1931, demonstrated the inherent limitations of any formal system capable of expressing basic arithmetic?
Gödel's incompleteness theorems
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Mac Flecknoe
hard_fact
What is the title of John Dryden's satirical mock-heroic poem published in 1682?
Mac Flecknoe
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Edmund Gettier
hard_fact
Who proposed the famous thought experiment that challenged the classical definition of knowledge as justified true belief?
Edmund Gettier
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Labyrinth of Solitude
hard_fact
What is the title of the famous essay by Octavio Paz that explores Mexican identity and the concept of solitude?
The Labyrinth of Solitude
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
esterifications
hard_fact
What are the chemical reactions that involve the formation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols called?
Esterification reactions
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
“Excelsior”
hard_fact
What was the famous motto of New York's 33rd Governor, William Seward?
"The Higher Law, the Moral Law, the Law of the Creator."
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Hubble’s constant
hard_fact
What is the constant that describes the rate of expansion of the universe?
The Hubble constant
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
garden asparagus
hard_fact
What type of vegetable is a green spear-like plant that is often grown in home gardens?
Asparagus
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
cubic formula
hard_fact
What mathematical formula is used to find the roots of a cubic polynomial equation?
The Cardano formula is used to find the roots of a cubic polynomial equation.
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
-nik
hard_fact
What suffix is used to form nouns referring to a person who holds certain beliefs or follows a certain practice?
-ist
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Sappho of Lesbos
hard_fact
Who was the renowned ancient Greek lyric poet from the island of Lesbos?
Sappho
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Utgard-Loki
hard_fact
What is the name of the powerful giant from Norse mythology who tricked Thor and his companions with illusions during their visit to Utgard?
Utgard-Loki
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Titus Lucretius Carus
hard_fact
Who was the Roman poet and philosopher who wrote the didactic poem "De Rerum Natura" (On the Nature of Things), which expounded the principles of Epicurean philosophy?
Lucretius
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
St. Anselm of Canterbury
hard_fact
Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109 and is known for his ontological argument for the existence of God?
Anselm of Canterbury
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
carrots are good for your eyes
hard_fact
What is a common belief about the health benefits of carrots?
A common belief is that carrots are good for eyesight due to their high vitamin A content.
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Taksin the Great
hard_fact
Who was the founder of the Thonburi Kingdom and the reviver of Thai sovereignty after the fall of Ayutthaya?
Taksin the Great
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Old Gringo
hard_fact
What is the title of the 1989 American drama film directed by Luis Puenzo and starring Jane Fonda, Gregory Peck, and Jimmy Smits?
Old Gringo
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Battle of Teutoburg Forest
hard_fact
What was the decisive battle in 9 AD where an alliance of Germanic tribes led by Arminius ambushed and destroyed three Roman legions under the command of Publius Quinctilius Varus?
The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Pedro Calderon de la Barca
hard_fact
Who was the renowned Spanish playwright and poet of the Spanish Golden Age, known for works such as "Life is a Dream" and "The Constant Prince"?
Pedro Calderón de la Barca
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
mind AND body
hard_fact
What is the key to achieving true wellness and balance in life?
The key to achieving true wellness and balance in life is finding harmony between mind, body, and spirit through self-awareness, mindfulness, and a holistic approach to health.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
préludes
hard_fact
What are the introductory pieces of music that Frédéric Chopin composed?
Frédéric Chopin composed several introductory pieces of music, including preludes, etudes, and nocturnes.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Isle of the Dead
hard_fact
What is the title of the famous painting by Arnold Böcklin depicting a small boat approaching a rocky island with tall cypress trees?
Isle of the Dead
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
“I Put a Spell on You”
hard_fact
What is the title of the famous song by Screamin' Jay Hawkins?
"I Put a Spell on You"
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Túpac Amaru II
hard_fact
Who was the leader of the indigenous Peruvian uprising against Spanish colonial rule in the late 18th century?
Túpac Amaru II
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Battle of Narva
hard_fact
What was the decisive battle in 1700 that marked the entry of the Swedish Empire into the Great Northern War against Russia?
The Battle of Narva
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
London symphonies
hard_fact
What are the compositions by composers like Haydn and Beethoven that were written for and premiered in London?
Some of the compositions by Haydn and Beethoven that were written for and premiered in London include Haydn's "London" symphonies (Nos. 93-104), which were commissioned by the violinist Johann Peter Salomon for performances in London, and Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 and Symphony No. 8, which were both premiered in London in 1813 and 1814, respectively.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Polynesian navigation
hard_fact
What ancient method of seafaring involved reading ocean swells, wind patterns, and the stars to navigate vast distances across the Pacific?
Wayfinding
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Elements of the Philosophy of Right
hard_fact
What is the title of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's influential work on political philosophy?
The Phenomenology of Spirit
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Wuhan lab leak theory
hard_fact
What is the controversial theory suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic originated from a laboratory accident in Wuhan, China?
The lab leak theory.
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
hard_fact
What is the title of the painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depicting a farmer ploughing a field while Icarus drowns in the background?
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Great Stink
hard_fact
What was the name given to the severe stench that plagued London in the summer of 1858, caused by the heavily polluted River Thames?
The Great Stink
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
we live in the best of all possible worlds
hard_fact
According to the philosophy of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, what is the nature of our reality?
According to Leibniz, our reality consists of monads, which are indivisible, immaterial units that represent the fundamental constituents of the universe, each reflecting the entire universe from its own unique perspective.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
semantic externalism
hard_fact
What is the philosophical view that the meanings of linguistic expressions are determined by factors external to the mind or brain of the speaker?
Semantic externalism
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Jenkins’ Ear
hard_fact
What is the name of the small, fleshy appendage located on the side of Jenkins' head?
Ear lobe
incorrect
0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
“The Fish”
hard_fact
What is the title of the famous painting by Henri Matisse depicting a small goldfish bowl on a table?
Goldfish
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
clarinet concertos
hard_fact
What are some examples of compositions for a solo woodwind instrument accompanied by an orchestra?
Some examples of compositions for a solo woodwind instrument accompanied by an orchestra include Mozart's Clarinet Concerto, Copland's Clarinet Concerto, Strauss' Oboe Concerto, Nielsen's Flute Concerto, and Ibert's Flute Concerto.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Trystero
hard_fact
What is the name of the secret organization that is the central mystery in Thomas Pynchon's novel "The Crying of Lot 49"?
Trystero
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Catalan Company
hard_fact
What is the name of the company that produces the famous Spanish sparkling wine Cava?
There is no single company that produces Cava. Cava is a Spanish sparkling wine that can be produced by various wineries located in specific regions of Spain.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Shepard tone
hard_fact
What is the name of the auditory illusion that creates the perception of a constantly rising or falling pitch, even though the actual sequence of tones is cyclical?
Shepard tone
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Fatelessness
hard_fact
What is the state or condition of being without a predetermined fate or destiny?
Indeterminism
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
turning into a tree
hard_fact
What is the most bizarre transformation one could undergo?
Metamorphosing into a sentient cloud of nanorobots that can reshape itself into any conceivable form, from a towering skyscraper to a swarm of microscopic drones.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
chiral inversion
hard_fact
What is the process where a molecule's stereochemistry is reversed, resulting in a mirror image isomer?
Enantiomerization
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Hall–Héroult
hard_fact
What is the name of the industrial process used to produce aluminum by electrolyzing aluminum oxide dissolved in molten cryolite?
Hall-Héroult process
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Edward Morgan Forster
hard_fact
Who is the author of the novels "A Room with a View" and "A Passage to India"?
E.M. Forster
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Kingdom of Hawai'i
hard_fact
What was the name of the sovereign state that existed in the Hawaiian Islands until it was overthrown in 1893?
The Kingdom of Hawaii
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Whitsun Weddings
hard_fact
What is the title of Philip Larkin's famous poem about the observation of weddings from a train window?
"The Whitsun Weddings"
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Gaius Valerius Catullus
hard_fact
Who was the famous Roman lyric poet from the 1st century BC known for his witty and erotic poems?
Catullus
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Gerard de Nerval
hard_fact
Who was the French writer and poet known for works like "Les Filles du Feu" and "Aurélia"?
Gérard de Nerval
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Brás Cubas
hard_fact
What is the name of the protagonist in Machado de Assis's novel "Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas"?
Brás Cubas
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
prime counting function
hard_fact
What mathematical function gives the number of prime numbers less than or equal to a given number?
The prime-counting function, denoted as π(x), gives the number of prime numbers less than or equal to a given number x.
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
analytic propositions
hard_fact
What are statements that are true by definition or by virtue of the meanings of the terms involved?
Analytic statements or analytic propositions.
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
HMT Empire Windrush
hard_fact
What was the name of the ship that brought one of the first large groups of Caribbean immigrants to Britain in 1948?
The Empire Windrush
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Hazel Levesque
hard_fact
Who is the daughter of Pluto and the heroine of the Heroes of Olympus series by Rick Riordan?
Hazel Levesque
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
poly-A tails
hard_fact
What are the sequences added to the 3' end of eukaryotic messenger RNA molecules to aid in their stability and export from the nucleus?
Poly(A) tails
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
W. V. O. Quine
hard_fact
Who was the American philosopher and logician known for his influential work on mathematical logic, set theory, and the philosophy of language?
Charles Sanders Peirce
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Dawes Act of 1887
hard_fact
What was the U.S. law that sought to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream society by breaking up tribal lands and allotting plots to individual households?
The Dawes Act of 1887
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The School for Wives
hard_fact
What is the title of Molière's satirical comedy that critiques misogynistic attitudes and the subjugation of women?
The Misanthrope
incorrect
0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Wedding at Cana
hard_fact
What is the name of the biblical event where Jesus performed his first miracle of turning water into wine?
The Wedding at Cana
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Georgia Colony
hard_fact
What was the name of the last of the 13 British colonies established in North America in 1732?
Georgia
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Lion and the Jewel
hard_fact
What is the title of Wole Soyinka's play that explores the conflict between tradition and modernity in a Yoruba village?
Death and the King's Horseman
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Aztec civilisation
hard_fact
What was the name of the advanced Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century?
Aztec
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
“Mending Wall”
hard_fact
What is the title of Robert Frost's famous poem about two neighbors repairing a stone wall that separates their properties?
"Mending Wall"
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Manfred Symphony
hard_fact
What is the title of the orchestral work by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that was inspired by Lord Byron's poem of the same name?
Manfred Symphony
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
perfect octave
hard_fact
What is the interval between two notes that are eight diatonic scale degrees apart?
An octave
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Dream Songs
hard_fact
What is the title of John Berryman's influential collection of 385 dream visions and songs?
Dream Songs
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
“Subterranean Homesick Blues”
hard_fact
What is the title of the 1965 Bob Dylan song featuring him holding up cue cards with written lyrics?
"Subterranean Homesick Blues"
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
the Pearl Poet
hard_fact
Who is the anonymous author of the 14th-century Middle English alliterative poems "Pearl", "Cleanness", "Patience", and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"?
The Pearl Poet
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Death and the King’s Horseman
hard_fact
What is the title of the play by Wole Soyinka that explores the conflict between tradition and modernity in colonial Nigeria?
Death and the King's Horseman
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
German university students
hard_fact
Who are the ones pursuing higher education in Germany?
Students, academics, and individuals seeking advanced degrees or specialized training are typically the ones pursuing higher education in Germany.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Eratosthenes of Cyrene
hard_fact
Who was the Greek mathematician, astronomer, and geographer who calculated the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy in the 3rd century BCE?
Eratosthenes
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Augustin-Louis Cauchy
hard_fact
Who was the French mathematician who made pioneering contributions to analysis and introduced the concept of the Cauchy sequence?
Augustin-Louis Cauchy
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Battle of the Monongahela
hard_fact
What was the name of the battle in which British forces under Edward Braddock were defeated by the French and their Native American allies in 1755, during the French and Indian War?
The Battle of the Monongahela
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Invention of Morel
hard_fact
What is the title of the novel by Adolfo Bioy Casares, a work of fiction that explores themes of reality, perception, and the nature of existence?
The Invention of Morel
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
binary heaps
hard_fact
What is a type of tree-based data structure where each node has at most two child nodes, and the value of each parent node is greater than or equal to (or less than or equal to) the values of its child nodes?
A binary search tree.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Avrami equation
hard_fact
What is the name of the equation used to model the kinetics of phase transformations in materials science?
Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Barney and Betty Hill
hard_fact
Who were the couple that reported one of the earliest and most famous UFO abduction cases in the United States in 1961?
Barney and Betty Hill
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Incan emperor
hard_fact
Who was Atahualpa, the last sovereign ruler of the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest?
Atahualpa was the last sovereign ruler of the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest led by Francisco Pizarro in the 16th century.
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Rollo of Normandy
hard_fact
Who was the Norse Viking leader who founded the territory of Normandy in France after making a treaty with the West Frankish king Charles III?
Rollo
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
word squares
hard_fact
What are those puzzles where words read the same across and down?
Word squares
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Mary’s room
hard_fact
Where did the mysterious noise come from that woke up the entire household?
The mysterious noise that woke up the entire household came from the attic, where a family of raccoons had taken up residence.
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Mercenary War
hard_fact
What is the name given to a conflict where private military contractors are hired to fight on behalf of a nation or organization?
Privatized military conflict
incorrect
Equivalent: 0
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Abraham de Moivre
hard_fact
Who was the French mathematician who formulated the de Moivre's formula for calculating powers of complex numbers?
Abraham de Moivre
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
cetology
hard_fact
What is the branch of zoology that deals with the study of whales and dolphins?
Cetology
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Piper McLean
hard_fact
Who is the daughter of Aphrodite and a Cherokee Native American from the Heroes of Olympus book series?
IDK
answer_abstain
N/A
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
quasineutrality
hard_fact
What principle states that the density of positive and negative charges in a plasma is approximately equal, ensuring overall charge neutrality?
The quasi-neutrality principle
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Nabataean Kingdom
hard_fact
What was the name of the ancient Arab kingdom that controlled trade routes in the Negev desert and parts of modern-day Jordan, Israel, and Saudi Arabia from the 4th century BCE to the 1st century CE?
Nabatean Kingdom
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
The Lusiads
hard_fact
What is the name of the Portuguese national epic poem written by Luís de Camões and first published in 1572?
Os Lusíadas
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
sleep ing
hard_fact
What do you call the act of resting with your eyes closed and being unconscious?
Sleeping
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
matrilineality
hard_fact
What is the term for a system of tracing descent through the female line?
Matrilineal
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1
claude-3-sonnet-20240229
Liouville’s
hard_fact
What is the name of the theorem that states that every bounded entire function must be constant?
Liouville's theorem
invalid_gpt
Equivalent: 1