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claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Wystan Hugh Auden | hard_fact | Who was the English-American poet known for works like "Funeral Blues" and "September 1, 1939"? | W. H. Auden | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Province of North Carolina | hard_fact | What was the name of the British colony that later became the U.S. state of North Carolina? | The Province of North Carolina | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Má vlast | hard_fact | What is the name of the famous cycle of six symphonic poems composed by Bedřich Smetana, depicting the history, lore, and landscapes of Bohemia? | Má vlast (My Homeland) | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | breakdown of ATP | hard_fact | What is the process that provides energy for cellular processes by breaking down the molecule adenosine triphosphate? | Cellular respiration | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Rāmāyana | hard_fact | What is the name of the ancient Indian epic that narrates the journey of Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana? | The Ramayana | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | The Death of Marat | hard_fact | What is the title of Jacques-Louis David's famous painting depicting the assassination of the French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat? | The Death of Marat | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | The Georgics | hard_fact | What is the title of Virgil's didactic poem on agriculture? | Georgics | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Emanuel Bronner | hard_fact | Who was the founder of Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps, known for their iconic labels featuring philosophical writings? | Emanuel Bronner | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | modern Greek language | hard_fact | What is the language spoken in modern-day Greece and by Greek communities around the world? | Greek | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | My Name Is Red | hard_fact | What is the title of the 1998 historical novel by Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk? | My Name Is Red | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o | hard_fact | Who is the renowned Kenyan writer and academic who was awarded the Nonino International Prize for Literature in 2021? | Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Stella Kowalski | hard_fact | Who is the wife of Stanley Kowalski in the play "A Streetcar Named Desire" by Tennessee Williams? | Stella Kowalski | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Danish straits | hard_fact | What are the narrow waterways separating Denmark from Sweden and Norway? | The narrow waterways separating Denmark from Sweden and Norway are the Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Skagerrak. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Chinese alchemy | hard_fact | What is the name of the ancient Chinese practice of attempting to transform base metals into gold and seeking the elixir of immortality? | Alchemy | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | unimolecular reaction | hard_fact | What type of reaction involves only a single molecular entity undergoing a transformation? | Intramolecular reaction | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Woodstock Music & Art Fair | hard_fact | What was the name of the iconic music festival held in 1969 on a dairy farm in Bethel, New York, that became a pivotal moment in pop culture history? | Woodstock | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Sándor Petőfi | hard_fact | Who was the renowned Hungarian poet and revolutionary who played a significant role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and is considered a national icon? | Sándor Petőfi | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | orange industry | hard_fact | What is the name of the industry that deals with the cultivation, processing, and distribution of oranges? | Orange industry | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Some Thoughts Concerning Education | hard_fact | What is the title of John Locke's influential work on educational philosophy? | Some Thoughts Concerning Education | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Charles Swann | hard_fact | Who was the protagonist of Marcel Proust's novel "In Search of Lost Time"? | The protagonist of Marcel Proust's novel "In Search of Lost Time" was Marcel, a fictionalized version of the author himself. | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | The Alexiad | hard_fact | What is the title of the historical work written by Anna Komnene, the Byzantine princess and scholar, which chronicles the life and reign of her father, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos? | The Alexiad | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | polywater | hard_fact | What was the name of the hypothetical form of water that was later discredited as a result of experimental errors and impurities? | polywater | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | La fille du régiment | hard_fact | Quel est le titre de l'opéra comique français de Gaetano Donizetti créé en 1840 ? | La fille du régiment | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | desert fathers and mothers | hard_fact | Who were the early Christian hermits who lived ascetic lives in the deserts of Egypt, Palestine, and Syria? | The early Christian hermits who lived ascetic lives in the deserts of Egypt, Palestine, and Syria were known as the Desert Fathers or Desert Mothers. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | the Singing Revolution | hard_fact | What was the nonviolent resistance movement in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the late 1980s that led to the restoration of their independence from the Soviet Union? | The Singing Revolution | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Ezra the Scribe | hard_fact | Who was the Jewish scribe and religious leader who led the revival of Judaism among the Jews who had remained in Babylon after the Babylonian captivity? | Ezra | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Bābur | hard_fact | Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent? | Babur | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | yajñas | hard_fact | What are the Vedic rituals involving offerings to deities? | The Vedic rituals involving offerings to deities include Yajna (fire sacrifice), Homa (oblation to the sacred fire), Puja (worship ritual), Archana (making offerings to deities), and Bali (offering food to deities and spirits). | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Seymour Glass | hard_fact | Who is the eldest son of the fictional Glass family created by J.D. Salinger? | IDK | answer_abstain | N/A |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Triangle Shirtwaist factory | hard_fact | What was the name of the factory where a tragic fire occurred in 1911, leading to significant reforms in labor laws and workplace safety regulations? | The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Edna St Vincent Millay | hard_fact | Who was the American lyrical poet and playwright who received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1923 for her collection "The Harp-Weaver and Other Poems"? | Edna St. Vincent Millay | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | word-sense disambiguation | hard_fact | What is the process of determining the correct meaning of a word in a given context? | Word sense disambiguation is the process of determining the correct meaning of a word in a given context. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | “Kubla Khan” | hard_fact | What is the title of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous unfinished poem about a dream vision of an opulent palace and gardens? | Kubla Khan | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Awake and Sing! | hard_fact | What is the title of the 1935 play by Clifford Odets that explores the struggles of a Jewish family during the Great Depression? | Awake and Sing! | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Emmanuel Swedenborg | hard_fact | Who was the Swedish philosopher and mystic who claimed to have experienced visions of the spiritual world? | Emanuel Swedenborg | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Wizard of the Crow | hard_fact | What is the title of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's 2006 satirical novel? | Wizard of the Crow | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | sociological observation | hard_fact | What is the term used to describe the systematic study of social behavior and patterns within a particular group or society? | Sociology | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | “Patterns” | hard_fact | What do you call the recurring designs or arrangements that can be found in various forms of art, nature, and mathematics? | Patterns | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | season words | hard_fact | What are the terms used to describe the different periods of the year? | The terms used to describe the different periods of the year are seasons: spring, summer, autumn (or fall), and winter. | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | continuous uniform distribution | hard_fact | What probability distribution has a constant probability density function over a finite interval? | The uniform distribution has a constant probability density function over a finite interval. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | ice palaces | hard_fact | What are the temporary structures made entirely of ice that are built for special events or festivals in cold regions? | Ice sculptures | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | The Rhine River | hard_fact | What major river flows through Western Germany and forms part of the border between Germany and France? | The Rhine River | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | “The Emperor’s New Clothes” | hard_fact | What is the title of the famous fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen that satirizes human vanity and the fear of appearing stupid? | The Emperor's New Clothes | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Māori King | hard_fact | What is the title given to the monarch of the Māori people in New Zealand? | There is no monarch of the Māori people in New Zealand. | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | The Charterhouse of Parma | hard_fact | What is the title of the 1839 novel by Stendhal, considered one of the greatest French novels of the 19th century? | The Red and the Black | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Untimely Meditations | hard_fact | What is the title of the book by Friedrich Nietzsche that consists of four essays critiquing the cultural values of 19th-century Europe? | Thus Spoke Zarathustra | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Julius Kambarage Nyerere | hard_fact | Who was the first president of Tanzania after its independence from Britain? | Julius Nyerere | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Publius Clodius Pulcher | hard_fact | Who was the Roman politician and street agitator who was killed in a brawl with Milo's supporters in 52 BC? | Publius Clodius Pulcher | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | humoresque | hard_fact | What is the title of a musical composition by Antonín Dvořák that consists of seven short pieces? | Slavonic Dances | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Axel Oxenstierna | hard_fact | Who was the Lord High Chancellor of Sweden from 1612 to 1654 and a prominent figure during the Thirty Years' War? | Axel Oxenstierna | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Alaskan Pipeline | hard_fact | What is the name of the massive oil pipeline system that runs from the North Slope of Alaska to Valdez, transporting crude oil across the state? | Trans-Alaska Pipeline System | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | crystallographic defects | hard_fact | What are the imperfections or irregularities in the arrangement of atoms within a crystalline solid called? | Defects | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | “Self-Reliance” | hard_fact | What is the title of Ralph Waldo Emerson's famous essay that emphasizes the importance of individualism and nonconformity? | Self-Reliance | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | the Dickinson family | hard_fact | Who were the prominent residents of Homestead, the family home in Amherst, Massachusetts, where the renowned poet Emily Dickinson spent most of her life? | The prominent residents of Homestead, the family home in Amherst, Massachusetts, where Emily Dickinson spent most of her life, were Emily Dickinson herself, her parents Edward and Emily Norcross Dickinson, her sister Lavinia, and her brother Austin and his wife Susan. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | “Endless Summer” | hard_fact | What is the title of the 1966 surf documentary film directed by Bruce Brown? | The Endless Summer | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | crossing the Ohio River | hard_fact | What is the name of the action taken when traversing from one side of the Ohio River to the other? | Crossing | incorrect | 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Russian Futurism | hard_fact | What artistic movement emerged in Russia in the early 20th century, rejecting the past and embracing modernity, technology, and urban life? | Constructivism | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Simon Bradstreet | hard_fact | Who was the husband of Anne Bradstreet, one of the earliest English poets of North America? | Simon Bradstreet | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes | hard_fact | Who were the famous American poets who were married to each other? | Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning were famous American poets who were married to each other. | incorrect | Equivalent: 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Billy Budd, Sailor | hard_fact | What is the title of Herman Melville's novel about a young seaman who is falsely accused of mutiny and executed? | Billy Budd | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | expelling Jews | hard_fact | null | null | invalid | N/A |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | clinamen | hard_fact | What is the name given to the unpredictable swerve of atoms in Epicurean physics? | Clinamen | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Red Queen hypothesis | hard_fact | What is the evolutionary theory that proposes that organisms must constantly adapt to survive against ever-evolving opposing forces, named after the character in Lewis Carroll's "Through the Looking-Glass"? | Red Queen hypothesis | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | “Footprints” | hard_fact | What do you call the impressions left by feet on a surface? | Footprints | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Leningrad Symphony | hard_fact | What is the title of Dmitri Shostakovich's famous 7th symphony, composed during the Siege of Leningrad in World War II? | The Leningrad Symphony | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Heiligenstadt Testament | hard_fact | What is the name of the letter written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1802, in which he expressed his despair over his increasing deafness and contemplated suicide? | Heiligenstadt Testament | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Chikamatsu Monzaemon | hard_fact | Who is considered the greatest Japanese playwright of the Bunraku puppet theater? | Chikamatsu Monzaemon | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | The Sword of Summer | hard_fact | What is the title of the first book in Rick Riordan's Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard series? | The Sword of Summer | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Spanish transition to democracy | hard_fact | What historical event marked Spain's shift from an authoritarian regime to a democratic system in the late 20th century? | The Spanish transition to democracy, also known as the Transition (Spanish: Transición española a la democracia or Transición democrática española), marked Spain's shift from an authoritarian regime under Francisco Franco to a democratic system in the late 1970s. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Laura Wingfield | hard_fact | Who is the shy, crippled daughter in Tennessee Williams' play "The Glass Menagerie"? | Laura Wingfield | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | dancing mania | hard_fact | What was the name of the psychological phenomenon that gripped parts of Europe in the Middle Ages, causing people to dance uncontrollably for days or weeks at a time? | Dancing mania | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy | hard_fact | What are the names of the famous frog and pig characters from The Muppet Show? | Kermit the Frog and Miss Piggy | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | tooth of the Buddha | hard_fact | What is one of the most sacred relics in Buddhism? | The tooth relic of Buddha. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz | hard_fact | Who was the renowned 17th-century Mexican nun, scholar, and poet known for her lyric poetry and plays? | Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Stein family | hard_fact | What is the surname of the family that owns the Stein Distillery, a renowned whiskey distillery in Scotland? | Stein | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Newton’s law of universal gravitation | hard_fact | What principle describes the gravitational force between any two objects with mass? | Newton's law of universal gravitation | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Disney’s Haunted Mansion | hard_fact | What is the name of the iconic dark ride attraction at Disneyland and Walt Disney World that takes guests through a haunted manor filled with supernatural beings and spooky scenes? | The Haunted Mansion | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | three-body systems | hard_fact | What are the types of systems in physics where the motion of three objects is studied while considering their mutual gravitational interactions? | The three-body problem in classical mechanics deals with the study of the motion of three objects under their mutual gravitational interactions. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | rhymes with orange | hard_fact | What four-word phrase describes a word that has the same ending sound as the citrus fruit "orange"? | Rhymes with orange phrase | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | French First Lady | hard_fact | Who is the spouse of the current President of France? | Brigitte Macron | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Japanese occupation of China | hard_fact | What was the name of the military campaign by the Empire of Japan to conquer parts of China before and during World War II? | The Second Sino-Japanese War | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | James Joule | hard_fact | Who is the English physicist credited with establishing the first law of thermodynamics and the concept of energy conservation? | James Prescott Joule | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | natural resource curse | hard_fact | What phenomenon describes the paradox of resource-rich countries experiencing slower economic growth compared to countries with fewer natural resources? | The resource curse | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Manila galleons | hard_fact | What were the Spanish trading ships that sailed once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean between Manila and Acapulco during the Spanish colonial era? | The Manila galleons | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | kings of Norway | hard_fact | What are the monarchs of the Scandinavian country known for its stunning fjords and Viking heritage? | The monarchs of Norway, a Scandinavian country known for its stunning fjords and Viking heritage. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Beer's Law | hard_fact | What law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling? | Beer-Lambert law | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil | hard_fact | What is the title of Hannah Arendt's famous book that examines the trial of Adolf Eichmann and explores the concept of the "banality of evil"? | Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Season of Migration to the North | hard_fact | What is the title of the 1966 novel by the Sudanese writer Tayeb Salih that explores themes of identity, colonialism, and cultural clash? | Season of Migration to the North | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | "The Glass Menagerie" | hard_fact | What is the title of the famous play by Tennessee Williams that explores the themes of memory, family dynamics, and the pursuit of dreams? | The Glass Menagerie | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | America First! | hard_fact | What slogan did Donald Trump use to emphasize his policy of putting the interests of the United States above those of other countries? | "America First" | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Yemen Civil War | hard_fact | What is the ongoing armed conflict that began in 2015 between the Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi-led Yemeni government and the Houthi armed movement? | The Yemeni Civil War | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | Titus Maccius Plautus | hard_fact | Who was the ancient Roman comic playwright who wrote plays like "Pseudolus" and "Menaechmi"? | Plautus | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | A Visit From the Goon Squad | hard_fact | What is the title of Jennifer Egan's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel published in 2010? | A Visit from the Goon Squad | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | the statue of Edward Colston | hard_fact | What was the controversial monument toppled by protesters in Bristol, England during the Black Lives Matter protests in 2020? | The statue of Edward Colston, a 17th-century slave trader, was toppled by protesters in Bristol, England during the Black Lives Matter protests in 2020. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | “Jabberwocky” | hard_fact | What is the title of the famous nonsense poem by Lewis Carroll that features words like "brillig" and "slithy toves"? | Jabberwocky | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | In the Penal Colony | hard_fact | What is the title of Franz Kafka's short story about an elaborate torture and execution device? | "In the Penal Colony" | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | four-potential | hard_fact | What is the term used to describe a situation where there are four possible outcomes or scenarios? | Quadrilemma | incorrect | 0 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | human brain size | hard_fact | What is the average volume of the organ responsible for cognitive functions in humans? | The average volume of the human brain, which is responsible for cognitive functions, is approximately 1,400 cubic centimeters (cc) or 85 cubic inches. | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | intellectual giftedness | hard_fact | What term refers to exceptional cognitive abilities or a high level of intelligence? | Giftedness | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |
claude-3-sonnet-20240229 | G.I. Bill of Rights | hard_fact | What was the landmark legislation passed in 1944 that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans, including low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans, and tuition assistance? | The G.I. Bill | invalid_gpt | Equivalent: 1 |