Datasets:

ms_marco

like 77

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Coreg ® (carvedilol) is a beta blocker that is used to treat several conditions, including high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. As with all medicines, Coreg side effects are possible. Some of these side effects can affect a person's sexual well-being. In the case of Coreg, sexual side effects that have been reported include: 1 Decreased sex drive (libido). 2 Impotence, which is usually defined as a total inability to achieve erection, an inconsistent ability to do so, or a tendency to sustain only brief erections.", "A: Coreg (carvedilol) (http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/coreg) is an alpha and beta blocker that relaxes blood vessels and slows down the heart. Coreg is used for high blood pressure and heart failure. (http://www.everydayhealth.com/hypertension/understanding.aspx).", "Carvedilol is a beta-blocker that's used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Heart failure prevents the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to all parts of the body.", "Carvedilol is often used in combination with other medications. Carvedilol is in a class of medications called beta-blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels and slowing heart rate to improve blood flow and decrease blood pressure.", "Coreg (carvedilol) is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat heart failure, hypertension, and left ventricular dysfunction after a heart attack. Generic Coreg is available and is named carvedilol. Common side effects of Coreg may include dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weakness, tiredness, headache, joint pain, cough, dry eyes, vision changes, numbness or tingling sensation, decreased sex drive, impotence, or difficulty having an orgasm." ], "url": [ "http://blood-pressure.emedtv.com/coreg/coreg----impotence-and-libido-effects.html", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/carvedilol", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/carvedilol", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697042.html", "http://www.rxlist.com/coreg-side-effects-drug-center.htm" ] }

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[ "creating more value for customers with fewer resources" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Lean manufacturing or lean production, often simply lean , is a systematic method for the elimination of waste ( Muda ) within a manufacturing system.", "Lean manufacturing is a management philosophy derived mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS) (hence the term Toyotism is also prevalent) and identified as lean only in the 1990s.", "Lean is about the relentless and continuous removal of waste from the processes within an organisation and was an academic description of the Toyota Production System.", "Lean manufacturing is a process improvement methodology based upon the highly acclaimed Toyota Production System (TPS). The main focus in lean manufacturing is the removal of waste from a value stream. Waste in this instance is defined as anything that consumes resource but does not add value for the customer.", "Lean is popular for its methodical approach to streamlining both manufacturing and service processes by eliminating waste while continuing to deliver value to customers.", "The core idea is to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. Simply, lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources. A lean organization understands customer value and focuses its key processes to continuously increase it. The ultimate goal is to provide perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that has zero waste.", "The core idea is to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. Simply, lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources. A lean organization understands customer value and focuses its key processes to continuously increase it. The ultimate goal is to provide perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that has zero waste." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing", "http://www.kaizenworld.com/what-is-lean.html", "http://www.leanprocess.net/what-is-lean-six-sigma/", "https://goleansixsigma.com/what-is-lean/", "http://www.lean.org/whatslean/", "http://www.lean.org.au/what-is-lean" ] }

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[ "ome axons can extend up to one meter or more while others extend as little as one millimeter. The longest axons in the human body are those of the sciatic nerve, which run from the base of the spinal cord to the big toe of each foot." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Types of Neurons (Nerve Cells). The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry messages through an electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons. To learn how neurons carry messages, read about the action potential. ", "An axon (from Greek ἄξων axōn, áxōn), axis is a, long slender projection of a nerve, cell or, neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the'neuron s cell. body Some axons can extend up to one meter or more while others extend as little as one millimeter. The longest axons in the human body are those of the sciatic nerve, which run from the base of the spinal cord to the big toe of each foot. The diameter of axons is also variable. Most individual axons are microscopic in diameter (typically about one micrometer (µm) across).", "1 The DRG is the longest axon in the human body. 2 Humans are mammals. 3 The (confirmed) largest and longest animal to have ever lived is the blue whale. 4 Blue whales are also mammals and thus have nervous systems roughly equivalent to humans. Note that for the sensations in the toes, this means that the axon goes all the way from the toe to the medulla, which is at about the same height as the mouth. This can be more than 2 meters long in tall people. That's a long axon!", "How long is the longest axon in the world? About 15 feet, its the sciatic nerve that runs from the base of the spinal cord to the big toe. Answer The axons are long so that action potentials can be sent from one part of the body to another very quickly.", "An axon (from Greek ἄξων axōn, áxōn), axis is a, long slender projection of a nerve, cell or, neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the'neuron s cell. Body myelinated axons are known as nerve. fibers Some axons can extend up to one meter or more while others extend as little as one millimeter. The longest axons in the human body are those of the sciatic nerve, which run from the base of the spinal cord to the big toe of each foot. The diameter of axons is also variable. Most individual axons are microscopic in diameter (typically about one micrometer (µm) across).", "The largest blue whales are around 30 m long. This would suggest a DRG axon of at least 25 m, or 75 feet, long. Here's where it gets nuts and things stop making sense to me... Axons typically conduct signals between a wide range of speeds: 0.5 to 100 m/s. 1 The DRG is the longest axon in the human body. Note that for the sensations in the toes, this means that the axon goes all the way from the toe to the medulla, which is at about the same height as the mouth. This can be more than 2 meters long in tall people. That's a long axon!", "Answers. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: The longest axon in the human body extends from the bottom of the spine to the big toe and averages a length of approximately three feet! http://psychology.about.com/od/biopsycho... The axons of some neurones are shorter than 1 millimetre.http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/exhibiti... ", "An axon (from Greek ἄξων axōn, áxōn), axis is a, long slender projection of a nerve, cell or, neuron that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the'neuron s cell. Body myelinated axons are known as nerve. Fibers the function of the axon is to transmit information to different, neurons muscles and. glands Some axons can extend up to one meter or more while others extend as little as one millimeter. The longest axons in the human body are those of the sciatic nerve, which run from the base of the spinal cord to the big toe of each foot. The diameter of axons is also variable. Most individual axons are microscopic in diameter (typically about one micrometer (µm) across)." ], "url": [ "http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cells.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon", "http://blog.ketyov.com/2012/05/what-is-longest-axon.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_are_axons", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon", "http://blog.ketyov.com/2012/05/what-is-longest-axon.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080715061808AACF6No", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon" ] }

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[ "Acetylcholine (ACh)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A neurotransmitter is a chemical or peptide in synapses usually between neurons, a neuron and muscle or a neuron and other organ which functions to transmit information to and … from and within the brain. They provide a signal to or from the brain to the neurons in the body in response to a stimulus such and being burned. The neurotransmitters send a signal to the brain that th … ere is pain and the brain sends back a signal to the muscles to move the hand away from the heat.", "The most abundant neurotransmitter in the body and the primary neurotransmitter between neurons and muscles. The stomach, spleen, bladder, liver, sweat glands, blood vessels, and heart are just some of the organs that this neurotransmitter controls. ", "In a typical chemical synapse between two neurons, the neuron from which the nerve impulse arrives is called the presynaptic neuron. The neuron to which the neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) bind is called the postsynaptic neuron. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is very widely distributed in the neurons of the cortex. GABA contributes to motor control, vision, and many other cortical functions. It also regulates anxiety.", "Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission. They transmit signals across a chemical synapse, such as in a neuromuscular junction, from one neuron (nerve cell) to another target neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are received by receptors on other synapses. Neurotransmitters are released into and diffused across the synaptic cleft, where they bind to specific receptors in the membrane on the postsynaptic side of the synapse. Most neurotransmitters are about the size of a single amino acid, however, some neurotransmitters may be the size of larger proteins or peptides.", "A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters.", "Acetylcholine (ACh) is a common neurotransmitter secreted by a variety of neurons. It binds to two different receptors-Ionotropic (fast) nicotinic receptors and metabotropic (slow) muscarinic receptors. 1 role in central nervous system. 2 role in peripheral nervous system. 3 receptors and signaling. 4 agonists and antagonists. ", "However, a nerve impulse can also be transmitted from a sensory receptor cell to a neuron, or from a neuron to a set of muscles to make them contract, or from a neuron to an endocrine gland to make it secrete a hormone. In these last two cases, the connection points are called neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is very widely distributed in the neurons of the cortex. GABA contributes to motor control, vision, and many other cortical functions. It also regulates anxiety.", "Electrical activity, neuronal secreted factors, and intercellular interactions can all stimulate the change of the neurotransmitter for a particular neuron, both in the fetus and the adult brain. What is most intriguing is that the postsynaptic neuron also changes the receptors. Adult rats showed a neurotransmitter switch when experimentally exposed to a long day (19 hours of day, five of night) and a short day (opposite 19 hours of dark, 5 of light). In the short day experience, dopamine neurons in the hippocampus increased and in the long day cycles the number of dopamine neurons decreased.", "Neuron is the main cell of the Nervous System. It is an electrical excitable cell that is responsible for the transmision of the nerve impulse. With it, they process (in the brain, ganglia and spinal cord) and transmit information. A human brain has 100.000 millions of neurons. The other type of cell is glia, which protects the former. Neurons have three main parts: 1 Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. 2 It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate. 3 Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.", "The released neurotransmitter may then move across the synapse to be detected by and bind with receptors in the postsynaptic neuron. Binding of neurotransmitters may influence the postsynaptic neuron in either an inhibitory or excitatory way. Neurotransmitters are released into and diffused across the synaptic cleft, where they bind to specific receptors in the membrane on the postsynaptic side of the synapse. Most neurotransmitters are about the size of a single amino acid, however, some neurotransmitters may be the size of larger proteins or peptides." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_secretes_neurotransmitters", "https://www-s.acm.illinois.edu/sigbio/project/nervous/micro_info/neuro.html", "http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_01/i_01_m/i_01_m_ana/i_01_m_ana.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell", "http://www.sharinginhealth.ca/biology/neurotransmitters.html", "http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_01/i_01_m/i_01_m_ana/i_01_m_ana.html", "http://jonlieffmd.com/blog/new-type-of-neuroplasticity-involving-changes-in-neurotransmitters", "http://neuroscience.wikia.com/wiki/Neuron", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter" ] }

[]

[ "happiness" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "More info about the name Felicity. Felicity originates in Latin language and means filled with happiness. Felicity was the name of a 2nd century Christian saint. As a feminine given name it has been fairly popular in the United States, but gained even more popularity in the United Kingdom.", "Etymology & Historical Origin-Felicity. Felicity is an English vocabulary word meaning “happiness, contentment”. The word was borrowed from the Late Latin “felicitas” meaning “happiness, good fortune”.", "The name Felicity is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Felicity is: Great happiness. American Meaning: The name Felicity is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Felicity is: Great happiness. English Meaning: The name Felicity is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Felicity is: Happy. A virtue name. Latin Meaning: The name Felicity is a Latin baby name. In Latin the meaning of the name Felicity is: From 'felicitas', meaning happiness or good luck. A popular 16th century Puritan virtue name. Famous bearer: British actress Felicity Kendal.", "Meaning & History. From the English word felicity meaning happiness, which ultimately derives from Latin felicitas good luck. This was one of the virtue names adopted by the Puritans around the 17th century. It can sometimes be used as an English form of the Latin name FELICITAS (1) ", "Hello, Guest. Felicity is as accessible a virtue name as Hope and Faith, but much more feminine -- and dare we say, happier. The hit TV show did a lot to soften and modernize the once buttoned-up image of Felicity, and it got further notice as the red-haired Colonial doll, Felicity Merriman, in the American Girl series.", "A vocabulary word derived from felicitas meaning good luck that was considered a virtue name by 17th century Puritans. Felicitas was the name of several saints and the Roman goddess of good luck and success. Actress Felicity Huffman, best known for her role on the television series, Desperate Housewives, is a famous bearer.", "Felicity /fe-lic-i-ty/ [4 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced fa-LISS-a-tee. It is of Old French and Latin origin, and the meaning of Felicity is lucky. From felicitas (see Felix). A virtue name first used in the 17th century. Charted below is the birth name popularity of Felicity for girls. Felicity entered the list in 1998 and reached its peak position of #390 in the U.S. in the year 1999, and is presently at #497. (2014 Birth Statistics).", "Origin of the name Felicity: Derived from the vocabulary word felicity (good fortune, happiness) which has its root in the Latin felicitas (happiness). From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman.ersonal experiences with the name Felicity: | Edit. My name is Felicity. Growing up, I always thought my name was old fashioned, but now I appreciate the beauty of the name. I have gotten many compliments on the name over the years, and I have always been a happy person. I think it's a great name.", "Meaning of Felicity. Latin-American name. In Latin-American, the name Felicity means-happiness. Other origins for the name Felicity include-Latin-American, French, English. The name Felicity is most often used as a girl name or female name. Latin-American Name Meaning-happiness. Origin-Latin-America." ], "url": [ "http://babynames.net/names/felicity", "http://www.ohbabynames.com/meaning/name/felicity/968", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/felicity", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/felicity", "http://nameberry.com/babyname/Felicity", "http://www.parents.com/baby-names/felicity/", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Felicity", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/felicity", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/latin-american-names/felicity.asp" ] }

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[ "Fargo, North Dakota" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "In North America, Gerdau maintains a presence in United States, with three mini-mills located in Jackson (Michigan), Monroe (Michigan) and Fort Smith (Arkansas). The operation also has six downstream operations.", "In North America, Gerdau maintains a presence in United States, with three mini-mills located in Jackson (Michigan), Monroe (Michigan) and Fort Smith (Arkansas). The operation also has six downstream operations.", "Gerdau Ameristeel is the second largest mini-mill steel producer in North America. It manufactures over 12 million tons of mill finished steel products annually.", "Above: Ironworkers employed by Gerdau Long Steel North America fabrication plants in southern California install and fasten reinforcing steel bars together to form a “mat” through which more than 21,000 yards of concrete were poured to create a foundation for the Wilshire Grand Center in Los Angeles.", "In Europe, Gerdau special operations are located in Spain (Basauri, Reinosa, Azkoitia and Vitoria), which sells special steel to the entire continent and exports to North America, Africa and Asia.", "Website. Gerdau is a steel and metal recycling facility located in Fargo, North Dakota. Gerdau has locations across the US and Canada and we have been proudly serving the Fargo/Moorhead area for 110 Years. We accept all kinds of metal materials and machines... Read more.", "Less. Gerdau is a steel and metal recycling facility located in Fargo, North Dakota. Gerdau has locations across the US and Canada and we have been proudly serving the Fargo/Moorhead area for 110 Years. We accept all kinds of metal materials and machines... Read more." ], "url": [ "http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=GGB.N", "http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=GGB", "http://www.cmdgroup.com/companies/1117090/gerdau-ameristeel---corporate-headquarters/", "http://www.modernmetals.com/item/11940-location-key-for-gerdau.html", "http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=GGB.N", "http://www.superpages.com/bp/fargo-nd/gerdau-ameristeel-fargo-iron-L0138818058.htm", "http://www.superpages.com/bp/fargo-nd/gerdau-ameristeel-fargo-iron-L0138818058.htm" ] }

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[ "Here to buy THE GOOD BUGS Supplier beneficial insects, mites and nematodes for commercial growers Buying insects from a reliable source is a very important step. yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Nematodes. Nematodes are microscopic, eel-like roundworms. Nematodes are found in the soil; you can scoop up a handful of soil and literally find thousands of nematodes, but you won’t be able to see them. The most troublesome species in the garden are those that live and feed within plant roots most of their lives and those that live freely in the soil and feed on plant roots. Prevent nematodes from entering your garden by using only nematode-free plants purchased from reliable nurseries. To prevent the spread of nematodes, avoid moving plants and soil from infested parts of the garden.", "Though they are harmless to humans, animals, plants, and healthy earthworms, beneficial nematodes aggressively pursue insects. The beneficial nematodes can be used to control a broad range of soil inhabiting insects and above ground insects in their soil inhabiting stage of life. How beneficial nematodes work: The life cycle of beneficial nematodes consists of six distinct stages: an egg stage, four juvenile stages and the adult stage. The adult spends its life inside the host insect. The third juvenile stage, called a dauer, enters the bodies of insects (usually the soil dwelling larval form.", "Nematodes are unsegmented roundworms, different from earthworms and other familiar worms that are segmented (annelids) or in some cases flattened and slimy (flatworms). Nematodes living in soil are very small and most can only be seen using a microscope. There are many kinds of nematodes found in the soil. ", "Beneficial Nematodes can be used anywhere developing pests exist including backyards, flower and vegetable gardens, lawns, fruit and nut trees, vines, greenhouses, row crops, pastures and more. Use the beneficial nematode selection charts to find which species of nematode controls the pests you are dealing with. Click here for more information about beneficial nematodes, their uses, and FAQs. ARBICO's Beneficial Nematodes are live microscopic organisms (non-segmented round worms) that occur naturally in soil throughout the world.", "Plant-feeding nematodes go through six stages: an egg stage, four immature stages, and an adult stage. Many species can develop from egg to egg-laying adult in as little as 21 to 28 days during the warm summer months. Prevent nematodes from entering your garden by using only nematode-free plants purchased from reliable nurseries. To prevent the spread of nematodes, avoid moving plants and soil from infested parts of the garden.", "These plant parasitic nematodes can be of great concern (to you and the state inspectors) if you are shipping plants with soil across state lines. Then there are the good or beneficial ones; these are the nematodes that are used in modern biological control to combat a wide variety of insect pests. History Using nematodes for biological control is not a recent development. Ever since the 17th century, nematodes have been known to parasitize insects.", "To get pricing and order information on Beneficial nematodes, order nematodes for sale at Buglogical. BIOLOGICAL Control Of Pest Insects With Nematodes. Beneficial Nematodes naturally occur in soil and are used to control soil pest insects and whenever larvae or grubs are present. How to use beneficial nematodes: For the home gardener, localized spraying is probably the quickest and easiest way to get the nematodes into the soil. Producers ship beneficial nematodes in the form of dry powder type, and sponges.", "The beneficial nematodes can be used to control a broad range of soil inhabiting insects and above ground insects in their soil inhabiting stage of life. More than 200 species of pest insects from 100 insect families are susceptible to these nematodes. How to use beneficial nematodes: For the home gardener, localized spraying is probably the quickest and easiest way to get the nematodes into the soil. Producers ship beneficial nematodes in the form of dry powder type, and sponges.", "Where to buy THE GOOD BUGS Supplier beneficial insects, mites and nematodes for commercial growers Buying insects from a reliable source is a very important step. These insectaries listed below are all places I have personally done business with and I trust. " ], "url": [ "http://www.veggiegardener.com/pests/nematodes/", "http://nematodes.com/", "http://www.plantanswers.com/nematode_control.htm", "http://www.arbico-organics.com/category/beneficial-nematodes", "http://www.veggiegardener.com/pests/nematodes/", "http://www.bugladyconsulting.com/Beneficial%20Nematodes.htm", "http://gardeninsects.com/beneficialNematodes.asp", "http://gardeninsects.com/beneficialNematodes.asp", "http://www.bugladyconsulting.com/Suppliers%20of%20beneficial%20insects.htm" ] }

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[ "A grammatical pause or break in a line of poetry (like a question mark), usually near the middle of the line." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Caesura Literary Term DefinitionA grammatical pause or break in a line of poetry (like a question mark), usually near the middle of the line.Caesura. ", "Definition of CAESURA. 1. in modern prosody: a usually rhetorical break in the flow of sound in the middle of a line of verse. 2. Greek & Latin prosody: a break in the flow of sound in a verse caused by the ending of a word within a foot. 3. : break, interruption.", "Caesura. Definition: This literary device involves creating a fracture of sorts within a sentence where the two separate parts are distinguishable from one another yet intrinsically linked to one another. The purpose of using a caesura is to create a dramatic pause, which has a strong impact.", "Caesura Definition. A caesura is an abrupt pause in the middle of a line of poetry. Sometimes it serves as a form of punctuation at the end of a phrase or sentence. There are two types of caesurae.", "Each definition, such as the above definition and example of Caesura Literary Term will provide a glossary of literary terms or a dictionary with the meaning, samples, examples and the rules of specialising in each different type of poem and poetry.", "Great Literary Term dictionary if you're searching for the definition of Caesura. This example of the Caesura Literary Term definition plays a major part in the study of poems, poetry and Literary works. Increase your understanding of the definition of the Caesura English Literary Term.", "Definition of Caesura Literary Term. Caesura Literary Term is a grammatical pause or break in a line of poetry (like a question mark), usually near the middle of the line. A caesura is usually dictated by sense or natural speech rhythm rather than by metrics." ], "url": [ "http://www.quotations.link/literary-terms/18-caesura.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caesura", "http://literary-devices.com/content/caesura", "http://classroom.synonym.com/caesura-function-rhythm-poem-1698.html", "http://www.poeticterminology.net/52-caesura-literary-term.htm", "http://www.quotations.link/literary-terms/18-caesura.htm", "http://www.poeticterminology.net/52-caesura-literary-term.htm" ] }

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[ "Having a strong feeling that you are going to do something and that you will not allow anyone or anything to stop you.", "Set limits, make a decision or find out exactly." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "determined. adjective de·ter·mined \\-ˈtər-mənd\\. Tweet. : having a strong feeling that you are going to do something and that you will not allow anyone or anything to stop you. : not weak or uncertain: having or showing determination to do something. ", "Word Root of DETERMINE. The Latin word terminus, meaning “ boundary ” or “ limit, ” gives us the root termin or term. Words from the Latin terminus have something to do with boundaries or limits. A term is a limited period of time during which something, such as school, occurs or exists. 1 He believes that one's personality is determined mostly by genetics. 2 An autopsy will be performed to determine the cause of death. 3 They are unable to accurately determine the ship's position at this time.", "determine. vb. 1. to settle or decide (an argument, question, etc) conclusively, as by referring to an authority. 2. (tr) to ascertain or conclude, esp after observation or consideration. 3. (tr) to shape or influence; give direction to: experience often determines ability.", "Synonyms. 1 The discussion then is not necessarily limited to whether nature determines culture or whether nature is simply a cultural construction. 2 Because the danger exists that Bank of Ireland and AIB will now be snapped up as globalisation increasingly determines the future of the Irish economy. 1", "1 The demand for a product determines its price. 2 He believes that one's personality is determined mostly by genetics. 3 An autopsy will be performed to determine the cause of death. 4 They are unable to accurately determine the ship's position at this time. 1 He believes that one's personality is determined mostly by genetics. 2 An autopsy will be performed to determine the cause of death. 3", "5. to make or cause to make a decision: he determined never to marry. 6. (Logic) logic (tr) to define or limit (a notion) by adding or requiring certain features or characteristics. 7. (Mathematics) geometry (tr) to fix or specify the position, form, or configuration of: two points determine a line. 1. to settle or decide (an argument, question, etc) conclusively, as by referring to an authority. 2. (tr) to ascertain or conclude, esp after observation or consideration. 3. (tr) to shape or influence; give direction to: experience often determines ability.", "determine. 1. (= ascertain, define) [+ cause, meaning ] → determinar; [+ price, date ] → fijar, determinar; [+ scope, limits, boundary ] → definir, determinar. to determine what is to be done → determinar or decidir lo que hay que hacer. to determine whether sth is true → determinar si algo es verdad. 1. to settle or decide (an argument, question, etc) conclusively, as by referring to an authority. 2. (tr) to ascertain or conclude, esp after observation or consideration. 3. (tr) to shape or influence; give direction to: experience often determines ability.", "determine verb (DISCOVER). C1 [T] formal to ​discover the ​facts or ​truth about something: The ​police never ​actually determined the ​cause of ​death. [+ question word] It is the ​responsibility of the ​court to determine wh​ether these men are ​innocent. [+ that] The ​jury determined that the men were ​guilty. › to discover the facts or truth about something: determine whether/why/how, etc. The ​office will ​conduct a ​follow-up ​audit to determine whether ​changes and ​improvements have been made. (Definition of determine from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press).", "LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. verb. The definition of determine is to set limits, make a decision or find out exactly. 1 An example of determine is measuring a piece of fabric before cutting it to size. 2 An example of determine is deciding to paint your house a certain color. ", "determine verb (DECIDE). C1 [T often passive] to ​control or ​influence something ​directly, or to ​decide what will ​happen: The ​number of ​staff we can take on will be determined by how much ​money we're ​allowed to ​spend. Your ​health is determined in ​part by what you ​eat. Eye ​colour is ​genetically determined. › to discover the facts or truth about something: determine whether/why/how, etc. The ​office will ​conduct a ​follow-up ​audit to determine whether ​changes and ​improvements have been made. (Definition of determine from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)." ], "url": [ "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/determined", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/determine", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/determines", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/determine", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/determine", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/determines", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/determines", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/determine", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/determine", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/determine" ] }

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[ "$15 and $18 per month", "$15 and $18 per month." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To find out the exact price for your cat, you can simply get a quote. However, upon retrieving your quote, you may be curious as to how we determined that specific price for your cat. The cost of cat insurance is dependent upon several factors unique to your cat, including: Your cat's age. Breed. Gender", "Basic pet insurance can be as little as £3 a month, but the costs vary enormously based on the type and breed of your pet, where you live, how old your pet is, and how much financial protection you want. ", "Note that the initial cost of pet insurance will dramatically increase with the age of the pet. So what started out at $25/month for my cat at the age of 1, ended up $70/mo at the age of 15. She lived until 19. If you think a reasonable expectation of vet bills for a dog (not a cat) is $300 a year…you better not get a dog. Pet insurance is 100% worth the cost in the first 8 years of a large dog’s life. The type of pet matters.", "Related articles: Owning a Cat, Owning a Dog. 1 Pet insurance for a cat typically costs between $15 and $18 per month, depending on the age. 2 Pet insurance for a dog typically costs and between $22 and $28 per month, depending on age and breed. 1 Some plans do not cover conditions considered congenital, such as hip dysplasia. 2 Some pet insurance companies offer a rider that includes about $200 worth of coverage for routine care, such as for annual exams, teeth cleaning and flea and heartworm medication, for about $8 to $10 extra per month.", "1 Pet insurance for a cat typically costs between $15 and $18 per month, depending on the age. 1 Some plans do not cover conditions considered congenital, such as hip dysplasia. 2 Some pet insurance companies offer a rider that includes about $200 worth of coverage for routine care, such as for annual exams, teeth cleaning and flea and heartworm medication, for about $8 to $10 extra per month.", "1 Pet insurance for a dog typically costs and between $22 and $28 per month, depending on age and breed. 2 Most companies offer at least two levels of coverage: basic and premium. 1 Some plans do not cover conditions considered congenital, such as hip dysplasia. 2 Some pet insurance companies offer a rider that includes about $200 worth of coverage for routine care, such as for annual exams, teeth cleaning and flea and heartworm medication, for about $8 to $10 extra per month.", "You will need to be disciplined and think about how much you can realistically put aside. The average cost of insuring a cat in a low-risk area is around £150 a year – save that much for 10 years and you’ll have £1,500 plus any interest pay for vets’ bills in your pet’s old age. Bear in mind: ", "1 In addition to the monthly premium, most pet insurance companies have deductibles of $50 or more and require copays of 10 to 50 percent. 2 Most pet insurance companies do not cover pre-existing conditions, so owners must pay all related expenses. 1 Some plans do not cover conditions considered congenital, such as hip dysplasia. 2 Some pet insurance companies offer a rider that includes about $200 worth of coverage for routine care, such as for annual exams, teeth cleaning and flea and heartworm medication, for about $8 to $10 extra per month.", "Cat Insurance Cost. Cats are unique individuals. They vary in size, temperament, energy level, and where they live. Because of this, pet insurance premiums greatly vary, and there is no one size fits all price that we can display for you right here. However, upon retrieving your quote, you may be curious as to how we determined that specific price for your cat. The cost of cat insurance is dependent upon several factors unique to your cat, including: Your cat's age. Breed." ], "url": [ "http://trupanion.com/cat-insurance/cost", "https://boughtbymany.com/news/article/do-i-need-pet-insurance/", "http://www.getrichslowly.org/blog/2010/12/29/pet-insurance-is-it-worth-the-cost/", "http://pets.costhelper.com/pet-insurance.html", "http://pets.costhelper.com/pet-insurance.html", "http://pets.costhelper.com/pet-insurance.html", "https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/articles/do-you-need-pet-insurance", "http://pets.costhelper.com/pet-insurance.html", "http://trupanion.com/cat-insurance/cost" ] }

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[ "In the abdomen many organs are covered and kept in a bag the peritoneum but some organs (like kidney) and lymphnodes lie behind this sac ." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy is a procedure for removing small pieces of tissue from your lymph nodes for lab tests. The retroperitoneal lymph nodes are at the back of your abdominal and pelvic cavity. Your healthcare provider may suspect that you have cancer in your retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are oval-shaped organs found throughout your body. The lymph nodes are like a filter, keeping bacteria and other harmful substances out of the bloodstream. They may also trap cancer cells. However, they can also develop a cancer called lymphoma.", "Your provider will use a CT scan to help guide a needle to the lymph node. Your provider will remove a small piece of tissue from the lymph nodes for testing. You will be in recovery for up to 6 hours to make sure that there is no bleeding. Avoid strenuous activity for the rest of the day. Lymph nodes are oval-shaped organs found throughout your body. The lymph nodes are like a filter, keeping bacteria and other harmful substances out of the bloodstream. They may also trap cancer cells. However, they can also develop a cancer called lymphoma.", "You should consult the doctor immediately. In the abdomen many organs are covered and kept in a bag the peritoneum but some organs (like kidney) and lymphnodes lie behind this sac and are so called Retroperitoneal. There is probably some lesion in your liver that has spread to the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, and act as a filter system for the lymphatic fluid (lymph). MEN and WOMEN have 'abdominal retroperitoneal lymph nodes'.", "Effects of lymph node dissection: Surgery to remove retroperitoneal lymph nodes is a major operation. Serious complications are not common, but they can happen. About 5% to 10% of patients have temporary complications after surgery, such as bowel obstruction or wound infections. ", "You should consult the doctor immediately. In the abdomen many organs are covered and kept in a bag the peritoneum but some organs (like kidney) and lymphnodes lie behind this sac and are so called Retroperitoneal. There is probably some lesion in your liver that has spread to the lymph nodes. Check with your doctor. You should have had a doctor who ordered an MRI to be done in the first place, as one does not generally walk into an MRI and ask for one without a doctors orders. (limf node). A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a covering of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, and act as a filter system for the lymphatic fluid (lymph).", "About Your Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection. This guide will help you prepare for your retroperitoneal lymph node dissection at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK). To view this resource, click “Download PDF” above. If you have any questions or concerns, talk with a member of your healthcare team", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. Lymph nodes are oval-shaped organs of the lymphatic system that are throughout the body. Sub centimeter retroperitoneal lymph nodes are lymph nodes smaller than 1 cm, inside the area known as the retrooeritoneum, that are most likely cancerous. Small, rounded structures along the small vessels of the lymphatic system that are part of the immune system. Lymph nodes are tiny spherical structures the size of a pin hea … d in groups into which the lymphatic vessels drain through afferent vessels.", "Background. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) has a diagnostic and therapeutic role in many urologic malignancies. Testicular carcinoma is the most common urologic indication for RPLND, followed by renal cell carcinoma and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Stepwise systemic spread occurs from retroperitoneal nodes to the cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, supradiaphragmatic nodes, and finally, to extranodal/distant metastasis. These include (in decreasing frequency) lung, liver, brain, bone, kidney, adrenal, and gastrointestinal tract." ], "url": [ "http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/library/adult_health/aha_obg_lymph_node_biopsy_by_needle_aspiration/", "http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/library/adult_health/aha_obg_lymph_node_biopsy_by_needle_aspiration/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060716091905AAEXrJQ", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/testicularcancer/detailedguide/testicular-cancer-treating-surgery", "http://www.mcrh.org/Abdominal-Pain/69567.htm", "https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/about-your-retroperitoneal-lymph-node-dissection", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_subcentimeter_retroperitoneal_lymph_nodes", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/449137-overview" ] }

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[ "1,100 degrees Fahrenheit." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An average surface fire on the forest floor might have flames reaching 1 metre in height and can reach temperatures of 800°C (1,472°F) or more. Under extreme conditions a fire can give off 10,000 kilowatts or more per metre of fire front. This would mean flame heights of 50 metres or more and flame temperatures exceeding 1200°C (2,192°F). The flash point, or the temperature at which wood will burst into flame, is 572°F, according to HowStuffWorks. Photo by Bill Gabbert. And if you want to talk about high temperatures, the surface of the sun is 6,000°C (11,000°F)", "Manufacturer 1 Hour Fire Rating. This rating is primarily for the DynaVault line of safes, but also includes the MV5-1215 (the smallest MagnaVault). For this rating a specially designed room is heated to 1200 °F, which is the highest temperature in the average house fire. Once the room is heated, the safe is then placed inside the room and sensors inside the safe keep track of the internal temperature of the safe for the duration of the test, 1.5 hours.", "Bunsen Burner flame: 1300 to 1600°C Blowtorch flame: 1300°C Candle flame: 1000°C The temperature of a fire can range from a few hundred degrees to thousands of deg … rees. It all depends on what is burning and what conditions it is burning under. Answer by Jtoll. Confidence votes 1. Thomething about 1200 and 1500 degree, its a very conced degree here in Celcius. If you see a fire from gas with it´s blue flame, it has exactly the temperature from about, if you see a yellow flame it is also exactly one spezial degree.", "The temperature experienced varies with location within the house, & increases significantly with height. At ceiling can reach 738 degrees Celsius. ", "Answer by BSchroeder620. Confidence votes 36. can reach up to 1200 Degrees Fahrenheit at the ceiling around 400-600 degrees at the floor in the fire room and if left long enough temperatures can reach 300 in rooms where no fire is present. Flame temperature of openly-burned diesel at sea level in an environment of 70°F at 80% humidity can range from 900°C to 1200°C, due to factors such as completion of burn, particle size, etc. A good 'general answer' would be 1200°C, but the technically correct answer is a range, not a specific number.", "1200 deg. for 20 minutes to 1700 deg. for 1 hour. Aside from the higher deg at a longer time being better, what is the. temperature of a normal house fire. One of the sales places says a house fire only reaches 1100 deg., is ths true. Thank you for the question. This is not my normal area of expertise, but I can answer it somewhat. The temperatue of a house fire is going to very a lot depending on the type and amount of the combustibles in the room.", "The following originally appeared on Fire Science College. Suffering a house fire is a devastating experience. Each year, $8.6 billion in property loss is estimated due to fires, according to FEMA. When the damage is severe, countless precious belongings are lost, depriving the owners of a portion of their lives. Gold melts at a much cooler temperature – about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit – but that’s enough to survive most house fires. Platinum jewelry is the priciest, so it’s a good thing that the metal’s melting point is just higher than 3,200 degrees Fahrenheit. Sapphire and Ruby also possess extremely high melting points.", "However in many cases, there are a select few items that withstand the inferno. The average house fire burns at a temperature of about 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit, which isn’t hot enough to destroy most metals and earthly-made substances. And if an item is well-placed and small in size, its chances of survival increase drastically. Gold melts at a much cooler temperature – about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit – but that’s enough to survive most house fires. Platinum jewelry is the priciest, so it’s a good thing that the metal’s melting point is just higher than 3,200 degrees Fahrenheit. Sapphire and Ruby also possess extremely high melting points.", "In addition, the average length of a house fire is approximately 30 minutes, depending on the responsiveness of the local fire department. Of course, all of this is contingent on the size and build of the house. Multi-story homes will burn hotter and be more difficult to put out than a single story home. For this rating a specially designed room is heated to 1200 °F, which is the highest temperature in the average house fire. Once the room is heated, the safe is then placed inside the room and sensors inside the safe keep track of the internal temperature of the safe for the duration of the test, 1.5 hours." ], "url": [ "http://wildfiretoday.com/2011/02/26/at-what-temperature-does-a-forest-fire-burn/", "http://haymansafe.com/pages/Fire_Ratings", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_maximum_temperature_a_fire_can_reach", "http://www.kgbanswers.co.uk/what-temperature-does-a-house-fire-reach/3434008", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_temperature_of_a_burning_house", "http://en.allexperts.com/q/Security-Fire-Protection-2247/fire-ratings-home-safes.htm", "http://www.nifast.org/blog/07/do-you-know-what-will-not-burn-in-a-house-fire/", "http://www.nifast.org/blog/07/do-you-know-what-will-not-burn-in-a-house-fire/", "http://haymansafe.com/pages/Fire_Ratings" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A vaccine called Tdap is similar to DTaP. A single dose of Tdap is recommended for people 11 through 64 years of age. Another vaccine, called Td, protects against tetanus and diphtheria, but not pertussis. It is recommended every 10 years. Diphtheria and pertussis are spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. DIPHTHERIA causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. 1 It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death.", "In this article. DTaP is a vaccine that helps children younger than age 7 develop immunity to three deadly diseases caused by bacteria: diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis). Tdap is a booster immunization given at age 11 that offers continued protection from those diseases for adolescents and adults. DTaP is approved for children under age 7. Tdap, which has a reduced dose of the diphtheria and pertussis vaccines, is approved for adolescents starting at age 11 and adults ages 19 to 64. It is often called a booster dose because it boosts the immunity that wanes from vaccines given at ages 4 to 6.", "When Tripedia (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine) vaccine is used to reconstitute ActHIB [Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) manufactured by Aventis Pasteur SA] the combination vaccine is TriHIBit. Tripedia (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine) vaccine is distributed by Aventis Pasteur Inc. (AvP). Corynebacterium diphtheriae cultures are grown in a modified Mueller and Miller medium. 1 Clostridium tetani cultures are grown in a peptone-based medium containing a bovine extract.", "Diphtheria is an acute toxin-mediated disease caused by toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae. Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed (Td) manufactured by MassBiologics is a sterile vaccine for. intramuscular injection. After shaking, the vaccine appears as a homogeneous milky white suspension. 3, 6 The efficacy against diphtheria of MassBiologics’ Td is supported by the following:", "Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Concentrates (For Further Manufacturing Use) are produced by The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Osaka, Japan, under United States (US) license, and are combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids manufactured by AvP. Tripedia (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine) vaccine is distributed by Aventis Pasteur Inc. (AvP). Corynebacterium diphtheriae cultures are grown in a modified Mueller and Miller medium. 1 Clostridium tetani cultures are grown in a peptone-based medium containing a bovine extract.", "Without oxygen, the spores become active and release their toxin. This causes tetanus, also known as lock jaw. Tetanus shots can prevent the disease, administered alone via injection or combined with other vaccines such as diphtheria and pertussis. The tetanus shots contain both medicinal and non-medicinal ingredients. ", "Getting diphtheria, tetanus, or pertussis disease is much riskier than getting DTaP vaccine. However, a vaccine, like any medicine, is capable of causing serious problems, such as severe allergic reactions. The risk of DTaP vaccine causing serious harm, or death, is extremely small. Diphtheria and pertussis are spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. DIPHTHERIA causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. 1 It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death.", "Tdap vaccine. Tdap vaccine can protect adolescents and adults from tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. One dose of Tdap is routinely given at age 11 or 12. People who did not get Tdap at that age should get it as soon as possible. Pregnant women should get a dose of Tdap during every pregnancy, to protect the newborn from pertussis. Infants are most at risk for severe, life-threatening complications from pertussis. Another vaccine, called Td, protects against tetanus and diphtheria, but not pertussis. A Td booster should be given every 10 years. Tdap may be given as one of these boosters if you have never gotten Tdap before. Tdap may also be given after a severe cut or burn to prevent tetanus infection", "Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are serious diseases caused by bacteria. Diphtheria and pertussis are spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. DIPHTHERIA causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. 1 It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death." ], "url": [ "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html", "http://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/dtap-and-tdap-vaccines", "http://www.rxlist.com/tripedia-drug.htm", "http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM164127.pdf", "http://www.rxlist.com/tripedia-drug.htm", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/179184-what-are-the-ingredients-in-the-tetanus-shot/", "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/tdap.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html" ] }

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[ "They are called drop cut or teardrop diamond." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "A pear shaped diamond, also known as a teardrop, is popular not only as the center stone in a ring, but also as the focal point of a diamond pendant. An expert diamond cutter will ensure that light is reflected evenly throughout the stone. The cushion shape (also sometimes known as a pillow cut) was the most common diamond cut from the mid-19th century onwards. In today's market it's a rare cut and sought after by those seeking an unusual alternative to an oval shape. The cushion cut is available in square and more rectangular dimensions.", "The teardrop shape has a round or oval shape on half the facet pattern while the other half resembles a marquise with the sides tapering to a point. Some of the world's largest and most famous diamonds were cut in to the pear shaped brilliant cut. In the pear brilliant, as with marquise shapes and other elongated fancy shapes, there is an increased likelihood of having a bow tie.. This is a dark area in the shape of a man's bow tie that occurs when the angles of the cut are not optimum.", "Often called a teardrop diamond, the pear-shape diamond combines, at one end, the brilliance and facet similarities of an oval-cut diamond, and, at the other end, the strong shape of a marquise diamond. In essence, one end is rounded and the other is pointed. The pear-shape diamond weighs 67.89 carats and is a champagne color. It’s believed that the rough diamond from which it was cut weighed an astonishing 240 carats. It was first cut into a 75-carat pear shape and then re-cut into the 67.89-carat size to improve its brilliance.", "The pear shape is a combination of the round and marquise brilliant cuts and usually has the 58 facet brilliant pattern, but can be cut with different numbers of pavilion mains of 8, 7, 6, or 4 facets. In the pear brilliant, as with marquise shapes and other elongated fancy shapes, there is an increased likelihood of having a bow tie.. This is a dark area in the shape of a man's bow tie that occurs when the angles of the cut are not optimum.", "The pear shaped diamond and sapphires used in this ring are a somewhat different shape than the fatter pear shaped diamond on page 4, a difference that is also true for many other shapes. ", "A diamond cut is a style or design guide used when shaping a diamond for polishing such as the brilliant cut. Cut does not refer to shape (pear, oval), but the symmetry, proportioning and polish of a diamond. The cut of a diamond greatly affects a diamond's brilliance; this means if it is cut poorly, it will be less luminous.", "Most people prefer a pear-shaped diamond to have a length to width ratio of approximately 1.65:1. More elongated pear-shapes extend to a ratio of 1.80:1, whereas a more compact look is achieved with a ratio closer to 1.20:1. Emerald cuts are sleek and elegant. The Emerald cut is rectangular with cut corners. The Pear cut is a tear-drop shape and is a variation of the round brilliant cut diamond. This attractive diamond is also extremely well-suited to pendants and earrings. Many of the largest stones ever discovered have been cut and faceted into magnificent pear-shapes.", "Diamonds are cut in many different and exciting shapes. The shape of a diamond is often confused with its cut. Shape refers to the basic form of the diamond: round, emerald, oval or pear shaped, for example. Cut or proportions refer to the ability of each of these diamond shapes to reflect light. Oval shape diamonds are also popular because their length can help create the appearance of long, slender fingers. With Oval shape diamonds avoid what is called a Bow Tie effect, a very noticeable darkened area in the shape of a bow tie towards the middle of the Oval cut diamond.", "Pear Cut Diamond. Exuding elegance, the pear shape diamond (also referred to as a drop cut or teardrop diamond) is cut to resemble a drop of water with a single point and rounded end. The result is a cross between a round and marquise cut. Learn more about Pear Cut Diamonds. " ], "url": [ "http://www.israel-diamonds.com/Education/Diamond/DiamondShapes/", "http://www.diamondsourceva.com/education/shape/diamonds-shape-pear-shaped.asp", "http://www.lifescript.com/well-being/articles/t/the_pear-shape_diamond.aspx", "http://www.diamondsourceva.com/education/shape/diamonds-shape-pear-shaped.asp", "http://jewelry.about.com/od/engagementrings/ss/diamond_shapes.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_cut", "http://www.gemnation.com/base?processor=getPage&pageName=shape", "http://www.diamondimports.com.au/diamond-shape/diamond-shapes.html", "https://www.brilliance.com/education/diamond-shape" ] }

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[ "Procession" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Check out our ultimate guide below, beginning with Mom and ending with the bride: The Bride's Mother: The mother of the bride's entrance marks the beginning of the ceremony and processional. Once she reaches the end of the aisle, she takes her seat to the left of the aisle in the first row. (In Jewish ceremonies, she and the bride's father escort their daughter down the aisle together.). The Bridesmaids: During the processional, the bridesmaids walk down the aisle before the maid or matron of honor. The Maid or Matron of Honor: Before the ceremony, the maid or matron of honor assists the bride with her dress, veil, and train, making sure everything looks perfect before she walks down the aisle.", "1 Bride, with escort if she has one. 2 With such a small wedding party, it's probably not formal enough to warrant a formal seating of the mothers and grandmothers. 3 However, if you still want to do this, let the best man seat the grandmothers and the groom seat the mothers as part of their entrances. ", "One of the Most Meaningful and Memorable Parts of the Day The Bride's entrance is one of the most meaningful and memorable moments of the day. It's for this reason that the song chosen for the Bride's processional is so important. It is the first notes of the processional song that announce the arrival of the Bride, and inform the guests to stand. How To Use A Fanfare. If one is going to use a fanfare, it usually works in this way: As the bridal party (all but the Bride) makes its way up the aisle, the doors in the back of the site are closed in front of the Bride. When the bridal party have all arrived at the front of the assembly, the music is stopped for a few seconds.", "The bride's walk down the aisle is always one of the highlights of a wedding ceremony, but a few other important people like the bridal party, mother of the bride, and officiant prep the runway before the girl in the white dress makes her grand entrance. The Bridesmaids: During the processional, the bridesmaids walk down the aisle before the maid or matron of honor. The Maid or Matron of Honor: Before the ceremony, the maid or matron of honor assists the bride with her dress, veil, and train, making sure everything looks perfect before she walks down the aisle.", "Published on Sep 13, 2012. Wedding bride entrance music by Roy Todd. You can download it at http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-... This is called 'Walk with me' - composed by Irish pianist Roy Todd ©2012. It's the perfect accompaniment to the bride as she walks down the aisle on her wedding day. ", "Best Answer: The prelude is played before the bridal party's entrance. The processional is played when the bridal party enters and the recessional is played when the bridal couple walks back down the aisle after the wedding. You can get suggestions for this music here: http://www.topweddingsites.com/wedding_c... I then have a processional song which my bridesmaids, the flower girl, and the ring bearer walk down to, and then I have a bridal march (not sure what it is actually called; it's certainly not a march) that is a song the band plays which I will be walking down to.", "Recessional refers to the formal exit of the bridal party including bride and groom and the bridesmaids and groomsmen; it also refers to the piece of music we play for this exit. Postlude is the music we play after the recessional, as the guests exit the ceremony area. Posted in: Ceremony Music. ", "its when the bride walks down the isle. or you can call it her entrance or whatever, im not aware of an official name for it... That's the processional, the processional is actually the part where the whole wedding party enters. When the bride and groom walk out at the end, that's the recessional.", "A wedding reception is a party held after the completion of a marriage ceremony. It is held as hospitality for those who have attended the wedding, hence the name reception: the couple receives society, in the form of family and friends, for the first time as a married couple. Hosts provide their choice of food and drink, although a wedding cake is popular." ], "url": [ "http://www.brides.com/blogs/aisle-say/2014/03/wedding-processional-order-guide.html", "http://weddings.about.com/od/yourweddingceremony/a/Processional.htm", "http://www.songsforyourceremony.com/bridesprocessional.html", "http://www.brides.com/blogs/aisle-say/2014/03/wedding-processional-order-guide.html", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePBUjRQHan4", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070328181653AAmU1gw", "http://collagetrio.com/faqs/what-is-prelude-processional-recessional-postlude-etc/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110605112052AAOLWcD", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_reception" ] }

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[ "Jitter is the deviation from true periodicity of a presumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications, often in relation to a reference clock source.", "It is the deviation from true periodicity of a presumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Packet jitter is expressed as an average of the deviation from the network mean latency. However, for this use, the term is imprecise. The standards-based term is packet delay variation (PDV). PDV is an important quality of service factor in assessment of network performance. In clock recovery applications it is called timing jitter. Jitter can be quantified in the same terms as all time-varying signals, e.g., root mean square (RMS), or peak-to-peak displacement. Also like other time-varying signals, jitter can be expressed in terms of spectral density (frequency content).", "• JITTER (noun). The noun JITTER has 2 senses: 1. small rapid variations in a waveform resulting from fluctuations in the voltage supply or mechanical vibrations or other sources. 2. a small irregular movement. Familiarity information: JITTER used as a noun is rare. Dictionary entry details.", "Jitter. Jitter is the undesired deviation from true periodicity of an assumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications, often in relation to a reference clock source. Jitter may be observed in characteristics such as the frequency of successive pulses, the signal amplitude, or phase of periodic signals.", "3.1 Mean packet to packet delay variation. Packet to packet delay variation is used as a basis for the RTCP (RFC1889) jitter measurement. If the delay of two successive packets is t1 and t2 then the packet to packet delay variation is abs(t2-t1). (i) Type A – constant jitter. This is a roughly constant level of packet to packet delay variation. (ii) Type B – transient jitter. This is characterized by a substantial incremental delay that may be incurred by a single packet.", "1 Introduction. Jitter is a variation in packet transit delay caused by queuing, contention and serialization effects on the path through the network. In general, higher levels of jitter are more likely to occur on either slow or heavily congested links. (i) Type A – constant jitter. This is a roughly constant level of packet to packet delay variation. (ii) Type B – transient jitter. This is characterized by a substantial incremental delay that may be incurred by a single packet.", "Jitter is the deviation from true periodicity of a presumed periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications, often in relation to a reference clock source. Jitter may be observed in characteristics such as the frequency of successive pulses, the signal amplitude, or phase of periodic signals. Jitter is a significant, and usually undesired, factor in the design of almost all communications links (e.g., USB, PCI-e, SATA, OC-48). In clock recovery applications it is called timing jitter. Jitter can be quantified in the same terms as all time-varying signals, e.g., root mean square (RMS), or peak-to-peak displacement. Also like other time-varying signals, jitter can be expressed in terms of spectral density (frequency content).", "Avaya Aura. Jitter is any deviation in, or displacement of, the signal pulses in a high-frequency digital signal. The deviation can be in terms of amplitude, phase timing or the width of the signal pulse. Among the causes of jitter are electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk with other signals. Jitter can cause a display monitor to flicker, affect the ability of the processor in a desktop or server to perform as intended, introduce clicks or other undesired effects in audio signals, and loss of transmitted data between network devices." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/jitter.htm", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/jitter", "http://www.voiptroubleshooter.com/indepth/jittersources.html", "http://www.voiptroubleshooter.com/indepth/jittersources.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitter", "http://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/definition/jitter" ] }

[]

[ "They first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago (Mya) in what is now North America. Individual Triceratops are estimated to have reached about 7.9 to 9.0 m (26.0–29.5 ft) in length, 2.9 to 3.0 m (9.5 to 9.8 ft) in height, and 6.1–12.0 tonnes (13,000–26,000 lb) in weight. The most distinctive feature is their large skull, among the largest of all land animals.", "Triceratops lived during the Late Cretaceous of North America, its fossils have come from the Hell Creek Formation. The Hell Creek Formation is from the time of the Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction Event, and has been dated to 66 ± 0.07 million years ago. Individual Triceratops are estimated to have reached about 7.9 to 9.0 m (26.0–29.5 ft) in length, 2.9 to 3.0 m (9.5 to 9.8 ft) in height, and 6.1–12.0 tonnes (13,000–26,000 lb) in weight. The most distinctive feature is their large skull, among the largest of all land animals.", "Dinosaurs 1st appeared in the fossil record about 230 million years ago during the middle to late triassic period. The first plants with spores, which indicates that they were land plants, appeared in the Middle Ordovician period, about 470 million years ago. First records of tetrapods … , or land animals, show up in the fossil record around 370 million years ago. 2 people found this useful.", "For example, coelacanth fish exist in the fossil record for what are thought to have been 400 million years. Then they suddenly disappear from the fossil record some 80 million years ago only to reappear alive an well swimming around in oceans today. Ants 40 million years older than previously thought (Link). Animal fossils associated with the Ediacaran Period (635 to 543 million years ago) have been found in sediments that date squarely in the Proterozoic Eon, 1.6 billion years ago-a b", "Since the first dinosaur fossils were recognized in the early 19th century, mounted fossil dinosaur skeletons have been major attractions at museums around the world, and dinosaurs have become an enduring part of world culture. While modern dinosaurs (birds) are generally small due to the constraints of flight, many prehistoric dinosaurs were large-bodied—the largest sauropod dinosaurs are estimated to have reached lengths of over 40 meters (130 feet) and heights of 18 meters (59 feet) and were the largest land animals of all time.", "Dinosaur fossils have been found throughout human history, but they have never been called dinosaurs or fossils. People thought they were the bones of dragons. The true inve … stigation of dinosaurs began around 1840 when a woman found a large tooth in the ground. The first plants with spores, which indicates that they were land plants, appeared in the Middle Ordovician period, about 470 million years ago. First records of tetrapods … , or land animals, show up in the fossil record around 370 million years ago. 2 people found this useful.", "It is one of the last known non-avian dinosaur genera, and became extinct in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. The term Triceratops, which literally means three-horned face, is derived from the Greek τρί- (tri-) meaning three, κέρας (keras) kéras meaning, horn and (ὤψ) ops meaning. face Individual Triceratops are estimated to have reached about 7.9 to 9.0 m (26.0–29.5 ft) in length, 2.9 to 3.0 m (9.5 to 9.8 ft) in height, and 6.1–12.0 tonnes (13,000–26,000 lb) in weight. The most distinctive feature is their large skull, among the largest of all land animals.", "The dinosaurs didn't suddenly appear on the earth. Animals evolved over millions of years to the point where they took the forms we are familiar with now as dinosaurs. The fossil record is clear in this. Smaller, less sophisticated creatures gave way to larger and more complex critters. Some 230 million years ago is the general time that paleontologists consider the dinosaur first appeared. Things rolled along until about 65 million years ago when the lights went out for the dinosaurs. A link to the Wikipedia article on the dinosaur is provided. Dinosaurs first appeared during the Triassic period, around 280 MYA (Million Years Ago), and died out around 65.5 MYA. They evolved from Archosaurs, or Ruling Reptiles. It … is still unknown why they died out.", "Dinosaur fossils had been known for centuries as dragon bones or the remains of giants, but it wasn't until Dean William Buckland of Oxford, England described the carnivorous lizard Megalosaurus (in 1824) that they were formally studied as an extinct group of giant reptiles. ", "Triceratops skulls are very common occurrences in the fossil record, in coastal lowland sediments, but skeletons are rare. Many specimens have bones damaged in combats with predators. Triceratops remains were first discovered in 1887 (Colorado, USA). TIME - 70 - 65MYA, Late Cretaceous period. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceratops", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceratops", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_dinosaurs_first_appear_in_the_fossil_record", "http://detectingdesign.com/fossilrecord.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_dinosaurs_first_appear_in_the_fossil_record", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceratops", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_dinosaurs_first_appear", "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/dinofr.html", "http://www.prehistory.com/tricerat.htm" ] }

[]

[ "Kate Roberts" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When Shawn, Belle, and Claire left Salem, Philip threw himself into work. Victor appointed Philip as CEO of Titan, where Philip worked closely with Titan shipping. Philip went head-to-head with John Black DiMera over the shipping ports in Salem.", "However, Days is getting a good replacement in John-Paul Lavoisier, who knows his way around a soap opera. As many Days of Our Lives fans know, Philip Kiriakis is the son of Victor Kiriakis and Kate Roberts.", "When Shawn, Belle, and Claire left Salem, Philip threw himself into work. Victor appointed Philip as CEO of Titan, where Philip worked closely with Titan shipping. Philip went head-to-head with John Black DiMera over the shipping ports in Salem.", "Brady Victor Black is a character on the NBC Daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives. He is the son of John Black and Isabella Toscano and an heir to Greek tycoon Victor Kiriakis. Widely recognized as portrayed by adult actor Kyle Lowder, the role of Brady has been portrayed by Eric Martsolf since 2008.", "Child actors Jonathan and Thomas Selstad and Shane Nicholas play Philip from the character's birth until when the rapidly aged Philip appears in Salem played by Brandon Tyler in October 1999. He is quickly replaced by Jay Kenneth Johnson, who is in the role until leaving the show in December 2002.", "In addition to many fan favorite characters returning to Salem, Philip Kiriakis is also coming home. However, a new actor will portray the character. Soap Opera Digest reports that One Live to Live alum John-Paul Lavoisier is the new Philip Kiriakis, and he’ll start airing on Days of Our Lives in December.", "To make sure that Philip did not get out of line, Victor appointed Brady as vice CEO. Philip felt blindsided by Brady's hiring and competed with him for Victor's attention. Philip attempted to get Victor's attention when he bought the rights to Melanie Layton's alternative fuels project for Titan.", "Philip Robert Kiriakis is a fictional character from the American soap opera, Days of our Lives. The character was born on-screen in February 1995 and portrayed by various child actors until 1999, when Brandon Tyler took over the role briefly until the character was sorased and Jay Kenneth Johnson took over the role." ], "url": [ "http://soapcentral.com/days/whoswho/philip.php", "http://www.inquisitr.com/2257437/days-of-our-lives-phillip-kiriakis-returning-with-new-actor/", "http://daysofourlives.wikia.com/wiki/Philip_Kiriakis", "http://daysofourlives.wikia.com/wiki/Brady_Black", "http://daysofourlives.wikia.com/wiki/Philip_Kiriakis", "http://www.inquisitr.com/2257437/days-of-our-lives-phillip-kiriakis-returning-with-new-actor/", "http://soapcentral.com/days/whoswho/philip.php", "http://soaps.wikia.com/wiki/Philip_Kiriakis" ] }

[]

[ "Compost or a complete fertilizer." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Nerium oleander /ˈnɪəriəm ˈoʊliː.aendər/ ændər is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane Family, apocynaceae toxic in all its. parts Nerium oleander /ˈnɪəriəm ˈoʊliː.aendər/ ændər is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane Family, apocynaceae toxic in all its. Parts it is the only species currently classified in the Genus. nerium", "Oleander, or Nerium oleander, is an evergreen shrub and a perennial. It grows best in desert environments. They are hardy, require little maintenance and produce beautiful flowers. They don't need much water, and they can live in poor soil as long as there is a lot of sun. Oleander shrubs can grow as high as 20 feet! ", "The oleander (Nerium oleander) grows as a rounded shrub, but it can also be trained as a small tree. These multibranched evergreens have dense, dark foliage that makes a thick screen; they’re often used to define borders in home landscapes or add privacy to the yard. Changing pH. Before planting oleanders, test your soil’s pH level. Most garden centers and nurseries sell at-home pH test kits that can give you a reasonably accurate measurement of your soil’s pH.", "Oleander plants (Nerium oleander) are among the most versatile of shrubs, with dozens of uses in southern and coastal landscapes. They tolerate a wide range of conditions, including difficult soil, salt spray, high pH, severe pruning, reflected heat from pavements and walls, and drought. Oleander care is easy and this makes the shrub popular with highway departments. You’ll often see masses of oleander shrubs planted in highway beautification projects where they provide an outstanding display of long-lasting flowers with very little maintenance.", "Nerium oleander /ˈnɪəriəm ˈoʊliː.aendər/ ændər is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane Family, apocynaceae toxic in all its. Parts it is the only species currently classified in the Genus. Nerium it is most commonly known as, oleander from its superficial resemblance to the unrelated Olive. olea Nerium oleander /ˈnɪəriəm ˈoʊliː.aendər/ ændər is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane Family, apocynaceae toxic in all its. Parts it is the only species currently classified in the Genus. nerium", "Oleander Care. When planted in soil with a proper pH, oleanders will grow from 3 to 20 feet tall and up to 10 feet wide. These adaptable evergreens are hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 to 11 and can thrive in a range of conditions, including drought, salt, and poor and sandy soil. Changing pH. Before planting oleanders, test your soil’s pH level. Most garden centers and nurseries sell at-home pH test kits that can give you a reasonably accurate measurement of your soil’s pH.", "All parts of the oleander are toxic if ingested, and skin contact can cause a rash. The beautiful, fragrant -- and all-over toxic -- oleander (Nerium oleander) is a shrub that survives tough conditions. For 10-10-10 fertilizer, you'd need to apply an entire 20-pound bag over 1,000 square feet to get 2 pounds of nitrogen (.10 X 20 = 2), or .4 pounds for a 20-square-foot area around a single shrub (20/50 = .4)." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerium_oleander", "http://www.gardenguides.com/177-oleander.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/oleander-bushes-like-acidic-soil-68648.html", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/oleander/oleander-growing-tips.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerium_oleander", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/oleander-bushes-like-acidic-soil-68648.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/fertilizer-use-oleander-93194.html" ] }

[]

[ "Basin" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Amazon Basin (Amazonia). Is the largest tropical rain forest in the world, his heart is the Amazon River that has more than 1,000 tributaries. The length is about 1,000 miles. The rains falls approaches 100 inches per years on an average of 200 years. The Amazon covers one-third of the South America. The water rising high in the Andes.", "To the south of the Guiana Highlands lie the lowlands of the Amazon Basin, which like the Guiana Highlands stretch across the country in a horizontal band. The largest tropical rainforest in the world, the Amazon covers over one-and-a-half billion square miles, and is home to countless species of rare flora and fauna. ", "The Amazon also has the largest drainage basin in the world. Here is super map of the Amazon Basin, River and major cities. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Amazo... Help support the rainforest-it's free!! You can also support animals rescue, hunger, breast cancer-just by giving a click with your mouse. Same site. First of all the landform is a basin which is a round or oval depression in the earth's surface. The mighty Amazon river flows through this basin and is surrounded by the largest rainforest in the world. The Amazon river has many tributaries most of which start in the Andes Mountains (source of the Amazon)", "The Amazon Basin (Amazonia) is covered by the largest tropical rain forest in the world, and running through its heart is the Amazon River and its more than 1,000 tributaries, seven of them more than 1,000 miles in length. ", "Advertisement. The tropical rainforests are characterized by a variety of landforms which give rise to a complex ecosystem in this region. The tropical rainforests are found in lowland regions. Topographical features of the rainforest regions include the mountains, valleys, streams, wetlands, rivers, etc. The rainforest biome is marked by the presence of different landforms such as mountains, valleys, rivers, wetlands, etc. These landforms give rise to a complex ecosystem with varied species.", "The Amazon Rainforest is located in a basin. That is the major landform, a basin. Rocks-minimal in that area as it is a basin shape. Making the world better, one answer at a time. The Amazon Rainforest is located in a basin. That is the major landform, a basin. Rocks-minimal in that area as it is a basin shape. Soils-Soils of the Amazon Rainforest generally consist of fine sands, silt and clay.", "The Amazon rain forest is in South America, North-West. The forest covers the basin of the Amazon, the world's second longest river, but its mostly in Brazil. Around the Amazo … n River in Brazil, South America. Making the world better, one answer at a time. The Amazon Rainforest is located in a basin. That is the major landform, a basin. Rocks-minimal in that area as it is a basin shape. Soils-Soils of the Amazon Rainforest generally consist of fine sands, silt and clay.", "The Amazon Rainforest covers most of the Amazon Basin in South America. About 5 1/2 million square kilometers are covered by rainforest. The Amazon Rainforest is hugely in dan … ger because of major deforestation. It is projected that every second, 1 1/2 acres of forest are cut down due to industrial purposes. Making the world better, one answer at a time. The Amazon Rainforest is located in a basin. That is the major landform, a basin. Rocks-minimal in that area as it is a basin shape. Soils-Soils of the Amazon Rainforest generally consist of fine sands, silt and clay." ], "url": [ "http://examenjuliobustos.blogspot.com/p/major-landforms-of-south-america_15.html", "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/landforms-brazil-59690.html", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081107155819AAnkOeE", "http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/saland.htm", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/landforms-in-tropical-rainforests.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_major_landforms_in_the_amazon_rainforest", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_major_landforms_in_the_amazon_rainforest", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_major_landforms_in_the_amazon_rainforest" ] }

[]

[ "Between the ages of 20 to 29 should be considered to have normal body fat between 16% to 20%. For men 30 to 39 the range is 19% to 22%, for men 40 to 49 the range is 21% to 24%, and 22% to 26% for men between 50 and 59." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The normal range of body fat for the average man is different than what is normal for the male athlete. Athletic men can have a body fat percentage as low as 5 percent and as much as 20 percent. What is normal body fat for male athletes varies with their particular sport. Football players’ body fat can range from 7 to 25 percent. A male cyclist's body fat can range from 5 to 15 percent", "For Women. The NIH guidelines for body fat in women is higher than in men, setting the ideal at 20 to 21 percent. However, the average American woman's body fat percentage is a little higher at 22 to 25 percent. The National Institutes of Health suggest a healthy body fat percentage for men is 13 to 17 percent. The average American man's body fat is 17 to 19 percent.", "Definition. Body fat percentage is a comparison between the amount of your body composed of fat cells and the other parts of your body, such as bones and muscles. Normal body fat percentage can refer either to the ideal percentage recommended by health experts or the average percentage of a general population. The National Institutes of Health suggest a healthy body fat percentage for men is 13 to 17 percent. The average American man's body fat is 17 to 19 percent.", "Women can have a body fat percentage 10% higher than a man of the same age who is of a healthy fat range and still be in their healthy body fat range. They are inundated with information about weight loss, but they may not be aware of what a normal, healthy body fat percentage actually is (15%-30%). Men between the ages of 20 to 29 should be considered to have normal body fat between 16% to 20%. For men 30 to 39 the range is 19% to 22%, for men 40 to 49 the range is 21% to 24%, and 22% to 26% for men between 50 and 59.", "The World Health Organization takes into account age groups to determine a healthy body fat range. The healthy range for men between 20 and 40 ranges between 8 and 19 percent body fat, while the normal range for men over age 40 is between 11 and 25 percent. The minimum body fat required is known as essential fat; this is the amount of fat your body needs to function efficiently. The essential body fat for minimum health is 5 percent for men and 8 percent for women.", "In women who are 40 years old or younger the range for healthy body fat is 20 to 35 percent of your total body weight. For women over age 40, it is 25 to 38 percent. For men, the range for those 40 and younger is 8 to 22 percent, and for those over 40, your body fat percentage should fall between 10 to 25 percent. The higher ends are considered acceptable.. However, you may want to take steps to lower it a bi", "Considerations. The normal body fat for some athletes is typically lower than the ideal fat percentage in a nonathletic person. For example, professional runners usually have body fat between 4 and 10 percent in men and 7 to 13 percent in women, because excess fat may affect the athlete’s performance. The minimum body fat required is known as essential fat; this is the amount of fat your body needs to function efficiently. The essential body fat for minimum health is 5 percent for men and 8 percent for women.", "So if you are a 30 year old man, a body fat percentage between 10% and 16% is considered “Ideal” and between 18% and 22% is considered “Average”, and so on. I also like how this chart has the color red to represent percentages that are too high and the green to represent ideal ranges. If you have 26% body fat at 133lb, you have 35lb of fat and 98lb of LBM. To get down to 20% body fat keeping the same LBM (assumes no muscle loss), you need to lose 10lb of fat, so your new body weight will be 123lb. The formula is current LBM/(1-desired body fat percentage), so it’s 98/(1-.20) = 122.5.", "According to this research paper, men who are between 20-40 years old with under 8% body fat are considered “underfat”, whereas a “healthy” range is described as between 8-19%. For women in this same age group, any level under 21% is “underfat” and 21-33% is considered “healthy”. If you have 26% body fat at 133lb, you have 35lb of fat and 98lb of LBM. To get down to 20% body fat keeping the same LBM (assumes no muscle loss), you need to lose 10lb of fat, so your new body weight will be 123lb. The formula is current LBM/(1-desired body fat percentage), so it’s 98/(1-.20) = 122.5." ], "url": [ "http://www.livestrong.com/article/88529-normal-body-fat-percentage-men/", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5092965_normal-body-fat-percentage.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5092965_normal-body-fat-percentage.html", "http://www.freebodyfatcalculator.org/body-fat-percentage-chart/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/normal-amount-body-fat-man-woman-should-have-7932.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/68143-normal-body-fat/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/normal-amount-body-fat-man-woman-should-have-7932.html", "http://www.builtlean.com/2010/08/03/ideal-body-fat-percentage-chart/", "http://www.builtlean.com/2010/08/03/ideal-body-fat-percentage-chart/" ] }

[]

[ "Tight ties of rubber bands, sinew, string, etc." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tie dye is a technique for dying natural fabrics that results in interesting, colorful patterns. The technique involves crumpling, pleating or folding the fabric into various patterns, then tying it with string, which is what gives it its name. The tied fabric is dipped into vats of dye, then wrung out and rinsed.", "Tie-dye is a modern term invented in the mid-1960s in the United States for a set of ancient resist-dyeing techniques, and for the products of these processes.", "Tie-dye wasn't the brainchild of American hippies during the 1960s. Traditional methods of tie-dye were formed in India, Japan and Africa as early as the sixth century. (1) The oldest known tie-dye tradition that is still practiced is an Indian method called Bandhani.", "1 The most common item is a t-shirt, but you can dye just about anything (shirt, pants, socks, handkerchief, pillowcase, sheets, curtains, tablecloth, etc). 2 You just need to make sure it is at least 60% cotton. 3 Something to Tie With-You also need rubber bands or string to tie up the item you will be dyeing.", "Everything you need for your Tie-Dye project: Dyes, color enrichments, fixers, clothing blanks, and more! Tie-dye describes a pattern of color made by preventing the dye from reaching some areas of the fabric by using tight ties of rubber bands, sinew, string, etc., while dyeing others. In just 5 easy steps, you can create wondrous patterns and unique designs to show off at any event!", "A finished tie dye project. White cotton T-shirts are the simplest to tie dye. Crafters should wear protective gloves to protect their skin, choosing those that fit well, such as latex surgical gloves. With practice, tie dye can be used to make beautiful, art-inspired designs. Soda ash, which is used in tie dyeing.", "It is important for individuals to select natural fabrics to tie dye, as synthetics generally do not readily accept dye. Cotton is an excellent choice, making tie dyed T-shirts a favorite. People can also use this technique on silk scarves, bed sheets, blouses, skirts, and pants.", "The Secret of Dyes. Actually, the dyes you use to tie-dye aren't a big secret. For cotton, you need to use a dye that will react well to the fabric, namely Procion MX, dissolved in a urea solution. You can make virtually every color imaginable with just three colors: yellow, turquoise, and fuchsia." ], "url": [ "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-tie-dye.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tie-dye", "http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring09/blake_e/history.html", "http://familycrafts.about.com/cs/tiedye/a/041601a_2.htm", "http://www.dharmatrading.com/techniques/tie-dye.html", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-tie-dye.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-tie-dye.htm", "http://www.creativity-portal.com/howto/artscrafts/batiktiedye.html" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. The Baltic German scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844, and named it after Ruthenia, the Latin word for Rus' . Ruthenium usually occurs as a minor component of platinum ores; annual production is about 20 tonnes. Most ruthenium produced is used for wear-resistant electrical contacts and the production of thick-film resistors. A minor application of ruthenium is its use in some platinum alloys, and as a catalyst.", "Platinum belongs to the family of metals like ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium. Platinum dates back its origin to the Egyptian tombs in 1200 BC. The Egyptians during this time imported the metal platinum from Nubia. ", "It is one of the most expensive metals in the world which is very dense, soft, shiny, malleable, and ductile. Chemically, gold is a reactive solid chemical transition metal, included to a group 11 element. Platinum. The Platimum is a chemical element whose chemical symbol and atomic number are Pt and no. 78. The most expensive metals in the world. Not only the price is high, the quality of the metals itself is certainly unbelievable. So, if we want to sell it back, the price won’t go down. There are many people who invest on these most expensive metals in order to get a higher price in the next sale.", "Precious Metals The precious metals include: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, gold, and platinum. Their precious nature derives from the fact they are very scarce and unique among commodities in the manner in which they are judged as a measure of wealth. Iridium sells for about 40% of the value of rhodium (making it about four time more expensive than gold). Unlike most of the other precious metals, osmium oxidizes quite easily in air, and can give off poisonous fumes. Osmium is extremely hard and heavy, and has been useful in some applications.", "Cost, bulk: $650 per 100g. Source: Ruthenium is found free in nature often with the other platinum group metals. Commercially, it is obtained from pentlandite (a sulfide of iron and nickel) which contains small quantities of ruthenium. Small amounts of ruthenium are used to harden platinum and palladium and it can also be alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistance. The addition of 0.1% ruthenium improves the corrosion resistance of titanium a hundred times over.", "It is one of the most expensive metals in the world which has various colors, including a hard-brittle blue-gray and blue-black. The density of osmium is 22.59 g/ cm cubic, the second densest element. Ruthenium. The Ruthenium is a chemical element whose symbol and atomic number are Ru and no. 44. It is one of the most expensive metals in the world, the inert rare to most chemicals. It belongs to the platinum group of the periodic table whose name was given to it by Karl Ernst. The most expensive metals in the world. Not only the price is high, the quality of the metals itself is certainly unbelievable. So, if we want to sell it back, the price won’t go down. There are many people who invest on these most expensive metals in order to get a higher price in the next sale.", "Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group. It has only one naturally occurring isotope, 103 Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is usually found as the free metal, alloyed with similar metals, and rarely as a chemical compound in minerals such as bowieite and rhodplumsite.", "Rhodium is a silvery-white transition metal. It holds the distinction of being the world's most expensive precious metal. It has an atomic number of 45 and is about as nonreactive as gold. The only way to dissolve rhodium is with sulfuric acid.", "The World Rhodium Market. Rhodium — along with platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium — is part of a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs) or platinum group elements (PGEs). Platinum group metals have similar physical and chemical properties, but rhodium is the rarest. 150 times more expensive than silver. In fact it's the most expensive of all precious metals. Yet no matter its rarity or cost, this metal is absolutely vital to the rapidly recovering automobile industry. The metal I'm talking about is rhodium." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium", "http://humantouchofchemistry.com/wonder-why-platinum-is-so-expensive.htm", "https://kitskinny.wordpress.com/2013/07/31/most-expensive-metals-in-the-world/", "http://www.halexandria.org/dward480.htm", "http://www.chemicool.com/elements/ruthenium.html", "https://kitskinny.wordpress.com/2013/07/31/most-expensive-metals-in-the-world/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium", "http://www.sherichseashells.com/jewelry-facts/what-is-rhodium-and-rhodium-plating-jewelry", "http://www.wealthdaily.com/articles/rhodium-investing/2507" ] }

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[ "Bossy the cat", "Bossy a cat was elected as a communication director in company situated in bucharest,romania." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Businessman. Chairman of the board of Vina Viña concha Y toro since, 1998 a position from which he has striven to strengthen the’company s image of prestige in the’world s main. Markets he joined the company as director in 1969 and has been chief (executive-1973) 1989 and-vice chairman of the (board-1989). 1998 He joined the company as director in 1969 and has been chief executive (1973-1989) and vice-chairman of the board (1989-1998). Over this time, he has pursued a strong policy of opening to external markets.", "He’s the purr-fect employee: Company in Bucharest hires a CAT as communications director…. Yet applicants might have been a little surprised to learn that they were beaten to the top job by a surprise candidate, a nine-month old cat. Bossy the cat put paw to paper, accepting a contract for the top job as Director of communications at a Romanian company.", "In 1994, Caterpillar offered a contract to the UAW members that would have raised the salary of top workers from $35,000 to $39,000 per year. However, the UAW was seeking the same top wage of $40,000 that was paid to workers at Deere & Company in 1994. The Caterpillar company consolidated its product lines, offering only five track-type tractors: the 2 Ton, 5 Ton, and 10 Ton from the Holt Manufacturing Company's old product line and the Caterpillar 30 and Caterpillar 60 from the C. L. Best Tractor Co.'s former product line.", "Caterpillar Inc. traces its origins to the 1925 merger of the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C. L. Best Tractor Company, creating a new entity, the California-based Caterpillar Tractor Company. The Caterpillar company consolidated its product lines, offering only five track-type tractors: the 2 Ton, 5 Ton, and 10 Ton from the Holt Manufacturing Company's old product line and the Caterpillar 30 and Caterpillar 60 from the C. L. Best Tractor Co.'s former product line.", "Based in the Romanian capital of Bucharest, the start-up company appointed Bossy, reportedly after a thorough application process. With a salary of £110 per month plus a healthy bonus of cat food, the nine-month old cat will earn more than some Romanians working in rural areas. Catbox.ro is an online store, selling original presents that can be delivered in less than 24 hours. Yet applicants might have been a little surprised to learn that they were beaten to the top job by a surprise candidate, a nine-month old cat. Bossy the cat put paw to paper, accepting a contract for the top job as Director of communications at a Romanian company.", "Caterpillar’s corporate governance program ensures we serve the interests of stockholders and other stakeholders with the highest standards of responsibility, integrity and compliance with all laws. These standards are guided by our board of directors and global management team, who work to oversee the company’s actions, performance and governance policies. Officers Caterpillar's position as an industry leader couldn't have happened without the commitment and leadership of this dedicated group of officers.", "Composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, the production of Cats is based on T. S. Eliot 's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (1939), which the composer recalled as having been a childhood favourite. The musical was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group, directed by Trevor Nunn, with associate director and choreographer Gillian Lynne, design by John Napier, and lighting by David Hersey. The conductor was Harry Rabinowicz. It played a total of 8,949 performances in London.", "Catwoman is a 2004 American superhero film directed by Pitof and stars Halle Berry, Sharon Stone, Benjamin Bratt, Lambert Wilson, Frances Conroy and Alex Borstein. The film is loosely based on the DC Comics character of the same name, who is traditionally an anti-heroine and love interest of the vigilante hero Batman. Artist and graphics designer Patience Phillips (Halle Berry) is a meek people pleaser whose only support is her best friend Sally (Alex Borstein). She works for a cosmetics company called Hedare Beauty, which is ready to ship a new skin cream called Beau-Line, that is able to reverse the effects of aging.", "Inspired by Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. A homeless kitten named Oliver, roams the streets of New York, where he is taken in by a gang of homeless mutts who survive by stealing from others. During one of these criminal acts, Oliver meets a wealthy young girl named Jenny Foxworth. This meeting will forever change his life." ], "url": [ "http://www.conchaytoro.com/concha-y-toro-holding/quienes-somos-cat/board-of-directors/", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3117101/He-s-purr-fect-employee-Company-Bucharest-hires-CAT-communications-director-earns-typical-Romanian.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc.", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc.", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3117101/He-s-purr-fect-employee-Company-Bucharest-hires-CAT-communications-director-earns-typical-Romanian.html", "http://www.caterpillar.com/en/company/governance.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cats_(musical)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catwoman_%28film%29", "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095776/" ] }

[]

[ "1923" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The tape is available in several strengths, rated on a 1–100 scale based on the strength of the adhesive. Most painting operations will require a tape in the 50 range. Household masking tape is made of an even weaker paper and lower-grade adhesive. Painter's (decorator's) tape in the U.S is most often the blue variety or sometimes purple in color as opposed to the tan or off white household masking tape. Spraying WD-40 is a popular way to remove any sticky residue.", "Economy-grade masking and painter tape has multiple functions. You can adhere the tape to glass, metal, plastic, wood, and wall materials with ease. Alternative adhesives and tapes can also be used to seal out moisture or block off surfaces from being damaged by projects going on in the office or at home. ", "There are times when a cheaper product will do the job as well as the expensive product. But cheap painter's tape is no bargain. If you're going to all the trouble of masking, you want tape that will seal tightly to the surface and come off easily. But there's no single type of tape that will work in every circumstance. For general masking, use Scotch-Blue No. 2090 available from amazon.com. ", "Renold Zergat/ Stone/ Getty Images. Scotch tape was invented in 1930 by banjo playing 3M engineer Richard Drew. Scotch tape was the world's first transparent adhesive tape. Richard Drew also invented the first masking tape in 1925, a two-inch-wide tan paper tape with a pressure sensitive adhesive backing. ", "There are two commonly produced tape widths: 1.9 in (48 mm) and 2 in (51 mm). Other widths are also offered. The largest rolls of duct tape were made in 2005 for Henkel, with 3.78 inches (9.6 cm) width, a roll diameter of 64 inches (160 cm) and weighing 650 pounds (290 kg). Duct tape, in its guise as racer's tape, race tape or 100 mile an hour tape has been used in motorsports for more than 40 years to repair fiberglass bodywork (among other uses). Racer's tape comes in a wide range of colors to help match it to common paint colors.", "Washi tape is reusable, biodegradable, tree free and made out of highly renewable resources. The adhesive can be silicon, rubber or acrylic depending on the brand. Just like masking tape it does come off...unlike duct tape it does not leave a sticky mess. The coming off obviously depends on what you stick it on...if it's paper you're going to have to go really slow...if it's glass it will come off just fine. Washi comes from wa meaning Japanese and shi meaning paper, and the term is used to describe paper made in the traditional manner, regardless of where it’s manufactured. When it comes to washi tape being eco friendly we consider the alternatives...which is duct (duck) tape.", "The need for a convenient, easy-to-use format for magnetic tape was recognized early on. A number of attempts were made, including RCA Victor’s RCA Tape Cartridge in 1958 and the Muntz Stereo-Pak in 1952. RCA’s cassette was similar to the cassette tape we know, but in a larger package and with a 0.25-inch tape, like reel-to-reel. This made for a cassette that was 5 x 7.50 inches, and 0.50-inches thick. Unfortunately for RCA, the lack of prerecorded music available on the market made their product a failure. ", "Masking tape. Painter's tape, a type of masking tape usually used for wall painting. Masking tape, also known as sticky tape, is a type of pressure-sensitive tape made of a thin and easy-to-tear paper, and an easily released pressure-sensitive adhesive. Painter's (decorator's) tape in the U.S is most often the blue variety or sometimes purple in color as opposed to the tan or off white household masking tape. Spraying WD-40 is a popular way to remove any sticky residue.", "It is also called duck tape, riggers' tape, hurricane tape, or 100-mph tape —a name that comes from the use of a specific variety of duct tape that was supposed to withstand up to 100 mph (160 km/h; 87 kn) winds. Duct tape, in its guise as racer's tape, race tape or 100 mile an hour tape has been used in motorsports for more than 40 years to repair fiberglass bodywork (among other uses). Racer's tape comes in a wide range of colors to help match it to common paint colors.", "In 1923, Richard Gurley Drew working for 3M invented masking tape, a paper-based tape with a mildly sticky adhesive. In 1925 this became the Scotch brand masking tape. In 1930, Drew developed a transparent tape based on cellophane, called Scotch Tape. Duct tape, in its guise as racer's tape, race tape or 100 mile an hour tape has been used in motorsports for more than 40 years to repair fiberglass bodywork (among other uses). Racer's tape comes in a wide range of colors to help match it to common paint colors." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masking_tape", "http://www.staples.com/Masking-Painter-Tape/cat_CL141874", "http://www.familyhandyman.com/painting/tips/using-masking-tape-when-painting", "http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/Scotch_Tape.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duct_tape", "http://www.wishywashi.com/what-is-washi-tape", "http://www.ebay.com/gds/A-History-of-the-Cassette-Tape-and-Deck-/10000000177628959/g.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masking_tape", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duct_tape", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duct_tape" ] }

[]

[ "La Superba (Y CVn, Y Canum Venaticorum) is a variable star in the constellation Canes Venatici, well known for its strikingly red appearance." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Appearance [edit]. La Superba is a semiregular variable star, varying by about a magnitude over a roughly 160-day cycle, but with slower variation over a larger range. Periods of 194 and 186 days have been suggested, with a resonance between the periods. La Superba is most likely in the final stages of fusing its remaining secondary fuel (helium) into carbon and shedding its mass at the rate of about a million times that of the Sun's solar wind.", "Astronomers gauge the “redness” of a star by measuring its magnitude contrast through a blue and visible (green peaking) filters. This is what is known as its B-V index, and the higher the value, the redder the star. La Superba has a B-V value of +2.5. For contrast, the familiar orange-red stars Antares and Betelgeuse have a B-V value of +1.83 & +1.85, respectively. I’ve shown off carbon stars such as La Superba and Hind’s Crimson Star at public star parties to great effect. They can be an excellent star party “ secret weapon ” when every other ‘scope down the line is aimed at the Orion nebula. For a faint constellation, Canes Venatici has lots to offer.", "The name La Superba was given to Y CVn by Father Angelo Secchi (a 19th century star classifier) because of the beauty of its spectrum. La Superba, is a variable star, with a period of 160 days. It's magnitude varies from 4.8 to 6.4. According to James Kaler, Y CVn is one of the coolest naked eye stars, with a temperature of 2200 Kelvin. If you cannot detect using your naked eyes, don't worry. La Superba is easy to locate. Start at 12 Alpha Canum Venaticorum, also knows as Cor Caroli, a double star of magnitude 2.89.", "One class of stars can induce this effect. They’re known as carbon stars. A fine example of just such an object rides high in the late spring sky for northern hemisphere observers. This is the variable star Y Canum Venaticorum, also abbreviated as Y CVn or “ La Superba ” (The magnificent). This name was given to the star by Father Angelo Secchi in the mid-19 th century. I’ve shown off carbon stars such as La Superba and Hind’s Crimson Star at public star parties to great effect. They can be an excellent star party “ secret weapon ” when every other ‘scope down the line is aimed at the Orion nebula. For a faint constellation, Canes Venatici has lots to offer.", "Deepsky Top-100 (11): Y cnv (La Superba). In Canes Venatici, the hunting dogs, you can find a beautiful red star, Y Canum Venaticorum, or La Superba. Y CVn is a carbon star. Most of these class C stars are evolved cooling giants with a large abundance of carbon dust in their outer shells. According to James Kaler, Y CVn is one of the coolest naked eye stars, with a temperature of 2200 Kelvin. If you cannot detect using your naked eyes, don't worry. La Superba is easy to locate. Start at 12 Alpha Canum Venaticorum, also knows as Cor Caroli, a double star of magnitude 2.89.", "Near maximum, it becomes just bright enough to see with the unaided eye, but the star's beautiful red hue is easy to see in binoculars or a small telescope. In fact, La Superba is among the brightest of the carbon stars-cool, highly evolved red giant stars with exceptional abundances of carbon. Explanation: Y Canum Venaticorum (Y CVn) is a very rare star in planet Earth's night sky. It's also very red, exhibiting such a remarkable spectrum of light, 19th century astronomer Angelo Secchi dubbed it La Superba.", "It is similar to the Sun in terms of age, mass and stage of evolution, and it has been called a solar analogue or solar twin. La Superba – Y Canum Venaticorum (Gamma Canum Venaticorum, Y CVn). La Superba is a well known star in Canes Venatici and one of the reddest stars in the sky. It was named La Superba by 19th century Italian astronomer Angelo Secchi because of its striking appearance. The star is believed to be in the last stages of fusing its secondary fuel, helium, into carbon. ", "La Superba (Y CVn, Y Canum Venaticorum) is a variable star in the constellation Canes Venatici, well known for its strikingly red appearance. La Superba is most likely in the final stages of fusing its remaining secondary fuel (helium) into carbon and shedding its mass at the rate of about a million times that of the Sun's solar wind." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Superba", "http://www.universetoday.com/102161/seeing-the-red-of-la-superba-a-magnificent-springtime-carbon-star/", "http://www.backyard-astro.com/deepsky/top100/11.html", "http://www.universetoday.com/102161/seeing-the-red-of-la-superba-a-magnificent-springtime-carbon-star/", "http://www.backyard-astro.com/deepsky/top100/11.html", "http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap081218.html", "http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canes-venatici-constellation/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Superba" ] }

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[ "Above the eyes, in the forehead bone." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Maxillary sinuses: These are the largest of the sinuses and are located behind the cheekbones near the maxillae, or upper jaws. 2 Sphenoid sinuses: The sphenoid sinuses are located in the sphenoid bone near the optic nerve and the pituitary gland on the side of the skull.", "The paranasal sinuses (“the sinuses”) are air-filled cavities located within the bones of the face and around the nasal cavity and eyes. Each sinus is named for the bone in which it is located: Physiology.", "The sinus cavities, proper term paranasal sinuses, are hollow air-filled cavities in the skull located around the nasal cavity. These rather unassuming pockets in the skull bone may have several important functions and are also prone to diseases that affect", "1 Frontal-one sinus per side, located within the bone of the forehead above the level of the eyes and nasal bridge (figures 1 and 3). 2 Sphenoid-one sinus per side, located behind the ethmoid sinuses; the sphenoid is not seen in a head-on view but is better appreciated looking at a side view (figure 3).", ": frontal sinuses, sitting within the front bone in the forehead Purple: ethmoid sinuses, located between the eyes Coral: sphenoid sinuses, located centrally in the skull just behind the nasal cavity under the front part of the brain Blue: maxillary sinuses, located in the cheek.", "The sinuses are air filled cavities located in the face and around the nose. The sinuses are named according to the bone in which they are located. There are four paired sinus cavities. The maxillary sinuses are located in each cheek bone. The ethmoid sinuses are located between the eyes.", "There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses, the frontal sinuses are located above the eyes, in the forehead bone. The maxillary sinuses (antra of Highmore) are located in the cheekbones, under the eyes. The ethmoid sinuses, also called ethmoid labyrinth are located between the eyes and the nose.", "The maxillary sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses and located in the body of the maxilla (upper jaw). It is the sinus that is the most likely to become infected and given its size and close proximity to other key structures on the skull, there is a risk of the infection spreading." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/sinus-cavities-sinuses", "http://care.american-rhinologic.org/sinus_anatomy", "http://www.healthhype.com/sinus-cavities-paranasal-sinuses-location-anatomy-pictures.html", "http://care.american-rhinologic.org/sinus_anatomy", "http://sinusallergy.osu.edu/22631.cfm", "http://www.ohiosinus.com/patient-info/sinus-anatomy-and-function", "http://www.ghorayeb.com/AnatomySinuses.html", "http://www.healthhype.com/sinus-cavities-paranasal-sinuses-location-anatomy-pictures.html" ] }

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[ "Soybeans and egg.", "An emulsifying agent (emulsifiers help keep the fat from separating)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Commercial lecithin, as used by food manufacturers, is a mixture of phospholipids in oil. The lecithin can be obtained by water degumming the extracted oil of seeds. It is a mixture of various phospholipids, and the composition depends on the origin of the lecithin. A major source of lecithin is soybean oil. Lecithin, as a food additive, is also a dietary source of several active compounds: Choline and its metabolites are needed for several physiological purposes, including cell membrane signaling and cholinergic neurotransmission, and is a major source for methyl groups via its metabolite, trimethylglycine (betaine).", "Lecithin is used in many foods as an emulsifying agent (emulsifiers help keep the fat from separating). The richest natural sources of lecithin are from foods which are also high in fat, such as eggs and beef liver, but other foods such as peanuts, beef steak and some fruits and vegetables are lesser sources. Commercial lecithin is obtained as a by-product in the production of soybean flour and oil. The name is derived from the Greek word for egg yolk (lekithos), which is a rich source of lecithin. Commercial lecithin is purified and non-allergenic for people with soy bean or chicken allergies. Lecithin chemically is phosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid that is part of the cell structure in both animals as plants.", "This results in a type of surfactant that usually is classified as amphipathic. Lecithin is sold as a food supplement and for medical uses. In cooking, it is sometimes used as an emulsifier and to prevent sticking, for example in nonstick cooking spray. Lecithin, as a food additive, is also a dietary source of several active compounds: Choline and its metabolites are needed for several physiological purposes, including cell membrane signaling and cholinergic neurotransmission, and is a major source for methyl groups via its metabolite, trimethylglycine (betaine).", "This is one of the reasons why soy lecithin is used as an additive in processed foods, medicines and supplements; it helps give these products a smooth, uniform appearance. Composed of choline, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoric acid and triglycerides lecithin was originally isolated from egg yolk. Today, it is regularly extracted from cottonseed, marine sources, milk, rapeseed, soybeans, and sunflower.", "Lecithin is a fat that is essential in the cells of the body. It can be found in many foods, including soybeans and egg yolks. Lecithin is taken as a medicine and is also used in the manufacturing of medicines. Lecithin is used for treating memory disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer ’s disease. It is also used for treating gallbladder disease, liver disease, certain types of depression, high cholesterol, anxiety, and a skin disease called eczema. Some people apply lecithin to the skin as a moisturizer.", "Soy Lecithin Fact Sheet C OMPOSITION Soy lecithin consists of three types of phospholipids; phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphotidylinositol (PI). It is extracted from soybean oil and is generally used as a natural emulsifier or stabilizer in various food applications. ", "Lecithin is a food additive that comes from several sources — one of them being soy. It is generally used as an emulsifier, or lubricant, when added to food, but also has uses as an antioxidant and flavor protector. Like many food additives, soy lecithin isn’t without controversy." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithin", "http://www.food-info.net/uk/qa/qa-fi68.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithin", "https://draxe.com/what-is-soy-lecithin/", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-966-LECITHIN.aspx?activeIngredientId=966&activeIngredientName=LECITHIN", "http://www.soyconnection.com/sites/default/files/Soy-Lecithin-Fact-Sheet.pdf", "http://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/is-soy-lecithin-good-or-bad-for-me" ] }

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[ "A reflex action, differently known as a reflex, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When do reflex and muscle tests indicate nerve damage. Reflexes test neural function. Reflexes may be depressed or exaggerated. When nerve dysfunction exists, the size of the reflex response helps to indentify where the dysfunction originates. These tests help gauge the strength in your leg muscles. They can also help the physician tell if there is nerve damage as the result of a degenerative spinal abnormality. For the reflex test, the physician will gently strike the knee and the back of the heel with a small rubber hammer.", "All rights reserved. 1 nervous system: The Nervous System and Reflexes-The Nervous System and Reflexes In general, nerve function is dependent on both sensory and motor ... Commonly, the reflex arc includes one or more connector neurons that exert a modulating effect, allowing varying degrees of response, e.g., according to whether the stimulation is strong, weak, or prolonged. Reflex arcs are often linked with other arcs by nerve fibers in the spinal cord.", "The normal response is a ‘knee jerk’. This is an example of a reflex, which is an involuntary muscular response elicited by the rubber hammer tapping the associated tendon. When reflex responses are absent this could be a clue that the spinal cord, nerve root, peripheral nerve, or muscle has been damaged. When reflex response is abnormal, it may be due to the disruption of the sensory (feeling) or motor (movement) nerves or both. To determine where the neural problem may be, the physician tests reflexes in different parts of the body. See the following examples in the chart below.", "Check the deep tendon reflexes using impulses from a reflex hammer to stretch the muscle and tendon. The limbs should be in a relaxed and symmetric position, since these factors can influence reflex amplitude. ", "A reflex action, differently known as a reflex, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. Scientific use of the term reflex refers to a behavior that is mediated via the reflex arc; this does not apply to casual uses of the term reflex.", "Reflexes are little movements of the muscle when the tendon is tapped. A reflex can be decreased or absent if there is a problem with the nerve supply. To test your reflexes, your doctor will use a rubber hammer to tap firmly on the tendon. Just as your muscles receive signals through certain nerves, other nerves carry signals back to your spinal cord from specific sections of your skin and other tissues. Testing your sense of feeling helps your doctor find out what nerve root may be compressed. Your sense of feeling may be tested in several ways.", "More on nervous system The Nervous System and Reflexes from Infoplease: 1 nervous system: The Nervous System and Reflexes-The Nervous System and Reflexes In general, nerve function is dependent on both sensory and motor ... Commonly, the reflex arc includes one or more connector neurons that exert a modulating effect, allowing varying degrees of response, e.g., according to whether the stimulation is strong, weak, or prolonged. Reflex arcs are often linked with other arcs by nerve fibers in the spinal cord.", "The Nervous System and Reflexes. In general, nerve function is dependent on both sensory and motor fibers, sensory stimulation evoking motor response. Even the autonomic system is activated by sensory impulses from receptors in the organ or muscle. Commonly, the reflex arc includes one or more connector neurons that exert a modulating effect, allowing varying degrees of response, e.g., according to whether the stimulation is strong, weak, or prolonged. Reflex arcs are often linked with other arcs by nerve fibers in the spinal cord.", "Topic Overview. The nerves that carry messages to and from your legs come from your low back. By checking your muscle strength, your reflexes, and your sensation (feeling), your doctor can tell whether there is pressure on a nerve root coming from your spinal column. He or she can often also tell which nerve root is involved. A reflex can be decreased or absent if there is a problem with the nerve supply. To test your reflexes, your doctor will use a rubber hammer to tap firmly on the tendon. If certain reflexes are decreased or absent, it will show what nerve might be compressed." ], "url": [ "https://www.laserspineinstitute.com/beendoctors/section/tests/27/reflex/194/", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/nervous-system-the-nervous-system-reflexes.html", "http://www.spineuniverse.com/exams-tests/neurological-exams-sensory-nerves-deep-tendon-reflexes", "http://www.neuroexam.com/neuroexam/content.php?p=31", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/nerve-function-tests-for-evaluating-low-back-problems-topic-overview?page=2", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/nervous-system-the-nervous-system-reflexes.html", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/nervous-system-the-nervous-system-reflexes.html", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/nerve_function_tests_for_evaluating_low_back_problems-health/article_em.htm" ] }

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[ "At perigee,225,623 miles (363,104 kilometers).At apogee, 252,088 miles (405,696 km)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The distance from Mercury to the Earth varies greatly as both planets orbit the Sun. At its closest approach, Mercury is about 77 million kilometers (48 million miles) from Ea … rth*. At its farthest, about 222 million kilometers (138 million miles).", "The moon's orbit around Earth is elliptical. At perigee — its closest approach — the moon comes as close as 225,623 miles (363,104 kilometers). At apogee — the farthest away it gets — the moon is 252,088 miles (405,696 km) from Earth. On average, the distance from Earth to the moon is about 238,855 miles (384,400 km). However, the moon is moving away from Earth at a rate of about 1.5 inches (4 cm) per year.", "At its closest point (known as perigee) the Moon is only 363,104 km (225,622 miles) away. And at its most distant point (called apogee) the Moon gets to a distance of 406,696 km (252,088 miles). This means that distance from the Earth to the Moon can vary by 43,592 km.", "Since the moon's orbit is elliptical (oval-shaped), its distance varies from about 221,463 miles (356,334 kilometers) at perigee (closest approach to Earth) to 251,968 miles (405,503 kilometers) at apogee (farthest point).", "When two planets are on opposite sides of the Sun, and form a line with the Sun, then they are farthest away. For example, the planet Venus is about 42 million kilometers (26 million miles) from Earth at its closest point and about 258 million kilometers (160 million miles) away at its most distant point." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_far_are_the_planets_from_earth", "http://www.space.com/18145-how-far-is-the-moon.html", "http://www.universetoday.com/103206/what-is-the-distance-to-the-moon/", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-far-moon-from-earth-289502", "http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/56-our-solar-system/planets-and-dwarf-planets/general-questions/214-how-far-is-each-planet-from-earth-intermediate" ] }

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[ "1995" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Her 1963 album Etta James Rocks the House, which was cut at Nashville's New Era club, also gave her career a boost. She had other big hits in the 1960s, but mainly on the R&B charts. The song Pushover was a hit for her in 1963.", "Etta James. Singer, songwriter. Etta James was once among the most woefully overlooked figures in the history of blues and rock. She began finally coming into her own in the 1990s, receiving industry awards that confirmed her status as one of the matriarchs of modern music.", "James is the winner of four Grammys and seventeen Blues Music Awards. She was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, the Blues Hall of Fame in 2001, and the Grammy Hall of Fame both in 1999 and 2008. In the 1950s and 60s, she had her biggest success as a blues and R&B singer.", "It was that year that the young singer became Etta James (an shortened version of her first name) and her vocal group was dubbed the Peaches (also Etta's nickname). Soon after, James launched her solo career with such hits as Good Rockin' Daddy in 1955.", "James's sons also acknowledged that Etta's health was declining and was receiving care at her Riverside, California, home. Etta James died at her home in Riverside, California, on January 20, 2012. Today, she continues to be is considered one of music's most dynamic singers.", "Etta James sang blues, jazz, country, gospel and pop hits beginning in the early 1950s, from the suggestive dancehall favorite Roll With Me, Henry to her signature ballad At Last.. She grew up in Los Angeles and San Francisco and began singing professionally when she was a teenager.", "In 1974, when Donto James was 6, he went to visit his mother, R&B icon Etta James, in the Tarzana Psychiatric Hospital after she’d been sentenced to drug treatment instead of prison on a heroin charge.", "Etta James through the years – Etta James, here performing at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival in 2009, died Friday, January 20, due to complications from leukeimia, said her longtime friend and manager, Lupe De Leon. The singer was 73.", "Three-time Grammy winner singer Etta James, a pioneer of 1950s rhythm-and-blues and rock music known for her show-stopping hit At Last, died on Friday 20 January at the age of 73." ], "url": [ "http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0116504/bio", "http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Etta_James.aspx", "http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0116504/bio", "http://www.biography.com/people/etta-james-9542558", "http://www.biography.com/people/etta-james-9542558", "http://www.factmonster.com/biography/var/ettajames.html", "http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/11/15/etta-james-s-son-donto-says-addiction-was-part-of-famed-singer-s-life.html", "http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/20/showbiz/etta-james-obit/index.html", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/9028676/Etta-James-A-life-in-music.html" ] }

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[ "A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex.", "It is a region of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "| 1 1 Introduction Introduction Brodmann areas were originally defined and num-bered by the German anatomist Korbinian Brod-mann based on the cytoarchitectural organization of neurons he observed in the cerebral cortex. ", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Brodmann area 10 (BA10, frontopolar prefrontal cortex, rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, or anterior prefrontal cortex) is the anterior-most portion of the prefrontal cortex in the human brain. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, caudally by the middle frontal area 46, and ventrally by the orbital area 47 and by the rostral area 12 or, in an early version of Brodmann's cortical map (Brodmann-1909), the prefrontal Brodmann area 11 -1909.", "A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells. Contents. 1 [1] - Brodmann Areas, their functions, and the lateralization of functions across hemispheres. 2 brodmann x func – Functional categorization of Brodmann areas. 3 Brodmann, Mark Dubin pages on Brodmann areas. 4 Brodmann areas Brodmann areas of cortex involved in language.", "A number of important Brodmann areas have been marked out on this brain. Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by the German anatomist Korbinian Brodmann based on the cytoarchitectural organization of neurons he observed in the cerebral cortex using the Nissl method of cell staining. 1 [1] - Brodmann Areas, their functions, and the lateralization of functions across hemispheres. 2 brodmann x func – Functional categorization of Brodmann areas. 3 Brodmann, Mark Dubin pages on Brodmann areas. 4 Brodmann areas Brodmann areas of cortex involved in language.", "Medical Definition of BRODMANN AREA. : one of the several structurally distinguishable and presumably functionally distinct regions into which the cortex of each cerebral hemisphere can be divided. Brodmann was a pioneer in the study of the comparative cellular structure of the mammalian cortex. In 1909 he published a book that remains the only comprehensive work on the subject. The occipital and preoccipital areas (now known as the Brodmann areas) of the cerebral cortex were first described by him in 1908.", "Start of Brodmann. Brodmann Areas in the Human Brain with an Emphasis on Vision and Language Other Pages: Flat Brodmann Maps Brodmann Area Names Flat Visual Area Maps Language Areas PopUp Gyri Maps. ", "An area seen in the cerbral cortex that shows a different arrangement and occurence of cells to other areas. Brodmann assigned numbers to various brain regions by analyzing each area's cellular structure starting from the central sulcus (the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes). BRODMANN'S AREA: Brodmann's area is identified by a number system..", "Overview. Originally defined and numbered into 52 regions by the German anatomist Korbinian Brodmann in the early 1900’s, the Brodmann areas of the cerebral cortex are defined by its cytoarchitecture (histological structure and cellular organization). ", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Lateral surface of the brain with Brodmann's areas numbered. Medial surface of the brain with Brodmann's areas numbered. A Brodmann area is a region of the cortex defined based on its cytoarchitecture, or organization of cells. Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by Korbinian Brodmann based on the organization of neurons he observed in the cortex using the Nissl stain", "Mid-sagittal view. The numbers superimposed on the above brain images are what constitute the Brodmann's map of cytoarchitectonics. Brodmann assigned numbers to various brain regions by analyzing each area's cellular structure starting from the central sulcus [the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes]. " ], "url": [ "http://www.trans-cranial.com/local/manuals/cortical_functions_ref_v1_0_pdf.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area_10", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/Brodmann%20area", "http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/talks/brodmann/brodmann.html", "http://psychologydictionary.org/brodmanns-area-2/", "https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/brodmann-areas", "http://taggedwiki.zubiaga.org/new_content/68784b0a97dfcc88c8ab04f31b568347", "http://www.umich.edu/~cogneuro/jpg/Brodmann.html" ] }

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[ "5 and 14 years" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Despite those scary-sounding names, fifth disease is a relatively mild illness that most kids recover from with no problem. It shows up most often in preschoolers and school-age children in the spring. Babies and adults don't often get fifth disease, but they can.", "Fifth disease is caused by human parvovirus B19. It often affects preschoolers or school-age children during the spring. The disease spreads through the fluids in the nose and mouth when someone coughs or sneezes.", "The rash is more likely to appear in children than in adults with fifth disease. In fact, the main symptom adults usually experience is joint pain. The joint pain can last for several weeks and is usually most prominent in the wrists, ankles, and knees.", "Fifth disease, also called Erythema infectiosum, is a mild viral illness that most commonly affects children. It is called fifth disease because it is the fifth of the five viral rash diseases of childhood (the other four being measles, rubella, chicken pox and roseola).", "Fifth disease is caused by a virus, called parvovirus B19, which tends to spread among children in elementary school. It is most prevalent in the winter and spring, but it can spread at any time and among people of any age.", "Overview. Fifth disease is a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19. This disease is also called erythema infectiosum. It is more common in children than adults. A person usually gets sick within 4 to 14 days (sometimes up to 20 days) after getting infected with", "Patient Comments Read 22 Comments Share Your Story. Fifth disease is a mild illness caused by a virus called human parvovirus B19. The medical name for fifth disease is erythema infectiosum (EI). This infection occurs primarily in school-age children between 5 and 14 years of age during winter and spring." ], "url": [ "http://www.babycenter.com/0_fifth-disease-slapped-cheeks-disease_1439513.bc", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000977.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/health/fifth-disease", "http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/types/fifth-disease/", "http://www.healthline.com/health/fifth-disease", "http://www.cdc.gov/parvovirusB19/fifth-disease.html", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/fifth_disease/article_em.htm" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Influenza is a contagious disease caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract (nose, throat, and lungs). It can cause mild to severe illness, sometimes leading to death. Influenza symptoms often begin suddenly, with fever, headache, tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and body aches. The best way to prevent influenza is to get vaccinated each year.", "Person to Person. People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away. Most experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. The Flu Is Contagious. Most healthy adults may be able to infect other people beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body.", "The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk for serious flu complications. 1 The flu is worse than the common cold, and symptoms such as fever, body aches, extreme tiredness and dry cough are more common and intense. 2 People with colds are more likely to have a runny or stuffy nose.", "Influenza, more commonly referred to as flu, impacts people of all ages. Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection of the nose, throat, and lungs that occurs most often in the late fall, winter, and early spring. It is a serious infection that affects between 5-20% of the US population annually.", "Fever, chills, fatigue, body aches, sore throat, and headache are common symptoms of flu. Not everyone with flu will have a fever. The flu can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The flu is different from a cold. The flu usually comes on suddenly. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body. Information about how long a person is contagious is available at How Flu Spreads.", "Influenza (or flu) is a highly contagious viral respiratory tract infection. An estimated 5 to 20 percent of the population in the US contract influenza each year. Influenza is characterized by the abrupt onset of fever, muscle aches, sore throat, and a nonproductive cough. ", "Seasonal influenza, commonly called “the flu,” is caused by influenza viruses, which infect the respiratory tract (i.e., the nose, throat, lungs). Unlike many other viral respiratory infections, such as the common cold, the flu can cause severe illness and life-threatening complications in many people. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body. Information about how long a person is contagious is available at How Flu Spreads.", "Influenza A is considered to be contagious between people. Generally the infectious agent may be transmitted by saliva, air, cough, fecal-oral route, surfaces, blood, needles, blood transfusions, sexual contact, mother to fetus, etc. Influenza A, although infectious, is not a genetic disease. It is not caused by a defective or abnormal gene. The contagious disease, Influenza A, can be transmitted: 1 from person to person by saliva, air, coughing, contact, surfaces, fecal-oral route, etc. About contagion and contagiousness: Contagion and contagiousness refers to how easily the spread of Influenza A is possible from one person to another. Other words for contagion include infection, infectiousness, transmission or transmissability.", "The flu is contagious a day before and five days to a week after its onset. Young children, people over 65, those with compromised immune systems, and people with a terminal illness are at risk of death from the flu. Pregnant women are also at greater risk. The flu can also cause premature birth. ", "Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory in fection caused by a variety of flu viruses. Symptoms of flu involve muscle aches and soreness, headache, and fever. " ], "url": [ "https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/influenza/index.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/spread.htm", "https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/influenza/fact_sheet.htm", "http://www.nfid.org/idinfo/influenza", "http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/disease.htm", "http://uhealthsystem.com/health-library/respire/upper/flu2", "http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/disease.htm", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/i/influenza_a/contagious.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/contagious", "http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/flu-guide/advanced-reading-types-of-flu-viruses" ] }

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[ "Symbolic archetypes gives us a foothold on the kind of vision we have for ourselves and our lives.", "An archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting.n archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Carl Jung, Swiss psychologist, argued that the root of an archetype is in the “collective unconscious” of mankind. The phrase “collective unconscious” refers to experiences shared by a race or culture. This includes love, religion, death, birth, life, struggle, survival etc. An archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting.", "Full Definition of ARCHETYPE. 1. : the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies: prototype; also: a perfect example. 2. : idea 1a. 3", "The concept of an archetype /ˈɑrkɪtaɪp/ is found in areas relating to behavior, modern psychological theory, and literary analysis. An archetype can be: 1 a statement, pattern of behavior, or prototype which other statements, patterns of behavior, and objects copy or emulate; In the seventeenth century, Sir Thomas Browne and Francis Bacon both employ the word 'archetype' in their writings; Browne in The Garden of Cyrus (1658) attempted to depict archetypes in his usage of symbolic proper-names.", "Whether the archetype (the original pattern or model) is a tree, animal or a specific characteristic inherent within the collective human psyche (patience, courage, etc.), the core message is clear: The Celtic meaning of symbolic archetypes gives us a foothold on the kind of vision we have for ourselves and our lives. This landing page for Celtic Meaning of Symbolic Archetypes is a way to classify and organize various Celtic archetypal symbolism I've written about over the years. According to Webster's Dictionary, an archetype is: 1.) An original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a prototype. 2) An inherited unconscious idea, pattern, thought or image universally present in individual psych", "Archetype Definition. In literature, an archetype is a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature. An archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting.", "An archetype is a universal symbolic pattern. Examples of archetypal characters are the femme fatale, the trickster, the great mother and father, and the dying god. There are archetypal stories as well. Other archetypal myths serve to instruct. For example, the quest archetype is typically a journey where the hero or heroine must overcome their own faults and weaknesses in order to reemerge as a mature, productive member of their society.", "Being unconscious, the existence of archetypes can only be deduced indirectly by examining behavior, images, art, myths, religions, or dreams. Carl Jung understood archetypes as universal, archaic patterns and images that derive from the collective unconscious and are the psychic counterpart of instinct. For example, qualities of the shadow archetype may be prominent in an archetypal image of the anima or animus. One archetype may also appear in various distinct forms, thus raising the question whether four or five distinct archetypes should be said to be present or merely four or five forms of a single archetype.", "Medical Definition of ARCHETYPE. 1. a: a primitive generalized plan of structure deduced from the characters of a natural group of plants or animals and assumed to be the characteristic of the ancestor from which they are all descended b: the original ancestor of a group of plants or animals. 1. : the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies: prototype; also: a perfect example." ], "url": [ "http://literarydevices.net/archetype/", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/archetype", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archetype", "http://www.whats-your-sign.com/celtic-meaning-symbolic-archetypes.html", "http://literarydevices.net/archetype/", "http://www.pbs.org/mythsandheroes/myths_archetypes.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungian_archetypes", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/archetype" ] }

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[ "Hazus is a geographic information system-based natural hazard developed and freely distributed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Hazus can be used in the assessment step in the mitigation planning process, which is the foundation for a community's long-term strategy to reduce disaster losses and break the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction and repeated damage.", "As the number of Hazus users continues to increase, so do the types of uses. Increasingly, Hazus is being used by states and communities in support of risk assessments that perform economic loss scenarios for certain natural hazards and rapid needs assessments during hurricane response.", "Description. The Hazards U.S. Multi-Hazard (Hazus-MH) is a GIS software package that uses census data and other existing databases to estimate damage and losses from earthquakes, hurricane winds, and floods.", "HAZUS-MH MR3, the third maintenance release of the HAZUS-MH (HAZUS Multihazard) software program, is available from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) .", "Hazus is used for mitigation and recovery, as well as preparedness and response. Government planners, GIS specialists and emergency managers use Hazus to determine losses and the most beneficial mitigation approaches to take to minimize them.", "HAZUS ® MH is the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) nationally applicable software program that estimates potential building and infrastructure losses from earthquakes, riverine and coastal floods, and hurricane winds.", "Hazus is a geographic information system-based natural hazard developed and freely distributed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). In 1997 FEMA released its first edition of a commercial off-the-shelf loss and risk assessment software package built on GIS technology.", "This page discusses FEMA's Hazus program and related news updates. This page is intended for Hazus users and other parties interested in using Hazus to support risk-informed decision making efforts by estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods and hurricanes and visualizing the effects of such hazards." ], "url": [ "http://www.fema.gov/HAZUS", "http://www.fema.gov/HAZUS", "https://emilms.fema.gov/is922/GIS0105030text.htm", "http://www.usehazus.com/wiki/What_is_HAZUS/", "http://www.fema.gov/HAZUS", "http://www.nibs.org/?page=hazus", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAZUS", "http://www.fema.gov/HAZUS" ] }

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[ "Food poisoning is the result of eating food or using utensils that have been contaminated with bacteria, other toxins, or has natural poisonous properties. In most cases, food poisoning symptoms will go away after a few days, once the toxins have been flushed from your body." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Most of us have suffered through food poisoning at one time or another. Food poisoning is caused by bacteria, viruses or other toxins in food. Some of the symptoms are nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Food poisoning should not be ignored.", "Charcoal Tablets Can Help. When you first suspect that you have food poisoning, six charcoal tablets with eight ounces of water may help to neutralize the toxins in your bloodstream. You should take the tablets and continue to sip the water until a full eight ounces have been taken.", "Time Frame. Most cases of food poisoning are mild and clear up in two to three days from the initial onset of symptoms. The nausea and diarrhea that result from food poisoning can leave you feeling weak for a few days after these symptoms subside.", "4 Ways to Get Rid of Food Poisoning. Food poisoning is the result of eating food or using utensils that have been contaminated with bacteria, other toxins, or has natural poisonous properties. In most cases, food poisoning symptoms will go away after a few days, once the toxins have been flushed from your body.", "In order to prevent food poisoning, you should always make sure to regularly wash your hands, dishes, and kitchen surfaces. One common way food poisoning is caused is through bacteria on unwashed hands, eating utensil", "Food poisoning occurs because what you put in your mouth has been contaminated by bacteria, viruses or parasites. At first you may be besieged by a host of unpleasant symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and the fervent wish to be rendered unconscious so you won't have to suffer through another minute.", "If you have food poisoning, you will most likely begin to feel the symptoms two to six hours after eating the contaminated food. The most common symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and headaches [source: Mayo Clinic ]. Most food poisoning doesn't require medical attention.", "Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with viruses, bacteria, toxins, parasites, or chemicals.", "Food poisoning can really dehydrate you from all the vomiting and diarrhea, so it’s important that you drink a lot of clear liquids in order to prevent dehydration. Instead of the traditional eight glasses of water every day, it is suggested that adults with food poisoning attempt to drink double that amount.", "1 Drink one cup of ginger tea after eating lunch or dinner to stop heartburn, nausea and other symptoms associated with food poisoning. 2 To make ginger tea, boil one teaspoon grated ginger in a cup of water for a few minutes, add a little sugar or honey and your tea is ready." ], "url": [ "http://www.top10homeremedies.com/home-remedies/home-remedies-for-food-poisoning.html", "http://www.howtogetridofit.com/how-to-get-rid-of-food-poisoning/", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5499391_long-food-poisoning-go-away.html", "http://www.howtogetridofstuff.com/how-to-get-rid-of-food-poisoning/", "http://www.howtogetridofstuff.com/how-to-get-rid-of-food-poisoning/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/183966-how-to-get-rid-of-food-poisoning-fast/", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/digestive/how-to-treat-food-poisoning.htm", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/food_poisoning/article_em.htm", "http://www.howtogetridofstuff.com/how-to-get-rid-of-food-poisoning/", "http://www.top10homeremedies.com/home-remedies/home-remedies-for-food-poisoning.html" ] }

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[ "Tissues are formed from cells. Cells group together in the body to form tissues." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tissues are formed from cells. Cells group together in the body to form tissues. Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. Confidence votes 18. To make tissue groups of cells from the same origin group together to make tissue, when tissue groups form together they make up organs.", "Tissues are formed from cells. Cells group together in the body to form tissues. Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. Cells group together to form tissues. Tissues are made of communities of cells which group together and carry out a specific function. Different tissues contain different … cells. 1 person found this useful", "by scarfader. The formation of scars is caused by trauma to the skin. Under the area of trauma, healing cells called fibroblasts migrate to the site of the injury. These fibroblasts cover over the damaged area and form collagen, which is the building block of scar tissue. Normally, collagen fibers line up in a parallel fashion, forming a bridge across the wound. ", "Image Credit: Main Image: Granulation tissue is formed at the site of an injury and is composed of rich collagen. Slowly as the injury tries to heal, this tissue fills up the space and leaves a mark or scar at the place of injury. This scar many times fades away or can be dimmed by using various scar removing or lightening creams. ", "Click to read more below. Cardiac muscle tissue is an extremely specialized form of muscle tissue that has evolved to pump blood throughout the body. In fact, cardiac muscle is only found in the heart and makes up the bulk of the heart’s mass", "Cells group together to form tissues. Tissues are made of communities of cells which group together and carry out a specific function. Different tissues contain different … cells. 1 person found this useful. Confidence votes 18. To make tissue groups of cells from the same origin group together to make tissue, when tissue groups form together they make up organs.", "In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues. The study of tissue is known as histology or, in connection with disease, histopathology. Functions of epithelial tissue: 1 the cells of the body surface form the outer layer of skin. 2 inside the body, epithelial cells form the lining of the mouth & alimentary canal & protect these organs. 3 epithelial tissues help in absorption of water & nutrients." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_is_tissue_formed", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_tissues_are_formed", "http://www.scarfade.com/blog/how-scar-tissue-is-formed-and-how-to-heal-scars/", "http://www.innovateus.net/innopedia/when-granulation-tissue-formed", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_musc01/musc71.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_is_tissue_formed", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" ] }

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[ "6 feet apart in hills." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "General guidelines for common varieties of watermelon are to plant 3 seeds one inch deep in hills that are spaced 4 feet apart, and allowing 6 feet between rows. Most watermelons weigh between 18-25 pounds, but the world’s record is 291. I rather doubt you will be attempting to break the world record, but if so, plant accordingly with plenty of space between watermelons.", "Seeds can be planted in hills or in rows. Space watermelon plants 6 feet apart in hills. Thin to the best three plants per hill. If planting in rows, watermelon seeds should be about seven feet apart. Climbing beans are planted 6-8 seeds around each pole which are later thinned to 3-4 plants if using that method, and 8 inches apart in rows. Dwarf beans are planted 4-6 inc … hes apart. Watermelons should be allowed 36 square feet in which to grow.", "For regular watermelons, sow three to four seeds per hill, spacing the hills eight to ten feet apart. Space the rows ten feet apart or more, if you have room. Thin watermelon seedlings in each hill, to two seedlings one week after they have germinated. When planting in rows, space the seeds four to six inches apart and thin seedlings to ten to twelve inches apart. ", "How Far Apart to Plant Watermelons. When planning watermelon plant spacing, it really depends on the variety. For the most part, allow about 3 feet in distance for small bushing type watermelons or up to 12 feet for giant ramblers. Most watermelons weigh between 18-25 pounds, but the world’s record is 291. I rather doubt you will be attempting to break the world record, but if so, plant accordingly with plenty of space between w", "Watermelon plants need lots of space. Seeds can be planted in hills or in rows. Space watermelon plants 6 feet apart in hills. Thin to the best three plants per hill. If plan … ting in rows, watermelon seeds should be about seven feet apart. Climbing beans are planted 6-8 seeds around each pole which are later thinned to 3-4 plants if using that method, and 8 inches apart in rows. Dwarf beans are planted 4-6 inc … hes apart. Watermelons should be allowed 36 square feet in which to grow.", "Answers. Best Answer: If you want to plant in hills, the hills should be a foot or so high and a couple of feet wide, plant 3 seeds per hill. Keep you hills about 7 or 8 ft apart. If planting in rows, keep your plants about three feet apart and three feet between rows. ", "Spacing. Watermelon plants require a lot of space. Seeds may be planted in hills or in rows. Space watermelon plants 6 feet apart in hills. Thin to the best three plants per hill, advises the Arkansas extension service. If planting in rows, watermelon seeds or seedlings should be seven to 10 feet apart", "Sometimes I plant them in what's left over from a compost pile after I used most of the compost. If you like growing things in neat rows, or if you want to plant a large area, grow watermelons on ridges, like the commercial growers do. Rows should be about 2 m (6 ft) apart and the plants spaced at 30 cm/a foot apart. (Sow twice as many as you want, and keep the stronger ones.).", "Your seed package should have the exact spacing needs for your particular variety. If you aren't sure how far apart to plant your seeds, a good rule of thumb is that plants should be 36 inches apart, in rows 7 to 8 feet apart. " ], "url": [ "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/watermelon/spacing-watermelon-plants.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_far_apart_do_you_plant_watermelon_plants", "http://www.gardenersnet.com/vegetable/watermel.htm", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/watermelon/spacing-watermelon-plants.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_far_apart_should_you_plant_watermelons", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100419172128AATVEob", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7256054_far-do-plant-watermelon-seeds_.html", "http://www.tropicalpermaculture.com/growing-watermelons.html", "http://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/edibles/fruits/watermelon.html" ] }

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[ "$595 to $675." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "by FreeAdvice staff. Once your application for naturalization is filed, the approval time to become a US citizen varies by person and location. The short answer is that it can take anywhere from 5 to 8 months between application and interview. ", "1 On average, the price for becoming American citizen ranges anywhere from $595 to $675. 2 This is going to include a filing fee, as well as the fingerprinting fee. 3 For more information, you can get a form through the USCIS. 4 After everything is said and done, the complete process can cost around $1,000 to $1,800. 1 There are several sources of information on the internet regarding the information for processes involved in applying for American citizenship. 2 According to the site VisaUS.com, the price for becoming an American citizen can cost $595 to $650.", "Biometric Fee. In addition to the basic fee, applicants under 75 years of age must pay a biometric fee, which covers the cost of fingerprinting and other expenses. This fee is $85 as of 2014. Adding $85 to the filing fee, your total due comes to $680. Applicants aged 75 or older pay only the filing fee of $595. Filing Fee. Most applicants for U.S. citizenship pay $595 when filing Form N-400, the application for naturalization. Exceptions include those who qualify as members or veterans of the armed forces.", "The cost of obtaining the forms and filling the applications amounts to a total of $680. This is the amount that everyone seeking citizenship is expected to pay. The $680 caters for the application fee of $595 while the balance ($85) is the fingerprinting fee. The Steps to Becoming a US Citizen. For you to become a US citizen there are a number of steps that you must follow and conditions to adhere to. First of all, you must find out whether you are eligible for citizenship.", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It costs $680* to file an application for citizenship: $595* application fee and $85* fingerprinting fee. Let me just warn you that it takes alot of paper work and you need a valid visa in order to become a citizen. Before you can become a citizen, you have to have a green card for 5 years. To get a green card you will need an immediate family member who is a US citizen to petition for you. It will be several thousands of dollars until all the fees are paid through the entire process of citizenship.", "1 If an attorney is involved in the process, the cost to become an United States Citizen can vary anywhere from $930 to as much as $15,000. 2 Certain situations that have problems can cost a lot more in terms of fees and man hours put into the job. 1 There are several sources of information on the internet regarding the information for processes involved in applying for American citizenship. 2 According to the site VisaUS.com, the price for becoming an American citizen can cost $595 to $650.", "1 According to the site VisaUS.com, the price for becoming an American citizen can cost $595 to $650. 2 The information provided on this site is given by an attorney that specializes in immigration concerns. 1 There are several sources of information on the internet regarding the information for processes involved in applying for American citizenship. 2 ", "It might be slightly higher for some people looking to become citizens, but for most people it will be a flat rate for everything together. In order to submit your application for US citizenship, you will have to pay the fee for the application at a cost of $595. In addition, you will also need to pay the fingerprinting fee of $85. When you have paid this, you can proceed with the process and the official costs of it are done with. ", "Step Three: File USCIS Form N-400. Once you have established your eligibility, you need to file some paperwork with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The N-400 is the form to get the process started. As of 2015, it cost $595 to file the application for naturalization, plus an $85 biometrics fee. You will need to attach a copy of your green card. Once your application has been accepted, you will be mailed a date for your fingerprinting and biometrics. See our tips for filing the N-400 to find out what to expect.", "Just in the last 15 years, the cost of becoming a U.S. citizen has risen dramatically. The application fee has risen from $95 in 1997 to almost $600 today. For many immigrants, this r epresents a big financial sacrifice. " ], "url": [ "http://immigration-law.freeadvice.com/immigration-law/citizenship/us_citizen_filing_length.htm", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cost-become-american-citizen/", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7752668_much-cost-become-citizen.html", "http://www.mindblowingworld.com/cost-to-become-a-us-citizen/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120125212847AAPbOyc", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cost-become-american-citizen/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/cost-become-american-citizen/", "http://ehowmuchdoesitcost.org/cost-to-become-a-us-citizen/", "http://www.alllaw.com/articles/nolo/us-immigration/steps-become-american-citizen.html", "http://www.scpr.org/blogs/multiamerican/2013/02/14/12566/are-steep-fees-discouraging-immigrants-becoming-ci/" ] }

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[ "O positive" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 AML affects the myeloid (also known as nonlymphocytic) type of white blood cells, the red blood cells and the cells that make platelets. 2 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). 3 CLL most commonly affects adults over age 55 and rarely occurs in children. 4 CLL affects the lymphocytic type of white blood cells.", "1 Nonhemolytic fever reactions cause fever and chills without destruction (hemolysis) of the red blood cells. 2 This is the most common transfusion reaction. 3 It can occur even when the blood has been correctly matched and administered. 4 The more transfusions you receive, the greater your risk for this type of reaction.", "Blood Types and the Population. O positive is the most common blood type. Not all ethnic groups have the same mix of these blood types. Hispanic people, for example, have a relatively high number of O’s, while Asian people have a relatively high number of B’s. The mix of the different blood types in the U.S. population is:", "1 Hemolytic transfusion reactions can cause the most serious problems, but these are rare. 2 These reactions can occur when your ABO or Rh blood type and that of the transfused blood do not match. 3 If this happens, your immune system attacks the transfused red blood cells. 4 This can be life-threatening.", "1 Osteosarcoma, also known as osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common type of bone cancer and typically starts in bone cells in the arms, legs or pelvis. 2 It occurs most frequently in individuals between the ages of 10 and 30, and is more common in males than females.", "This is called a transfusion reaction. Most transfusion reactions occur because of errors made in matching the recipient's blood to the blood transfused. These errors are very rare, and much effort is made to prevent them. Even receiving the correct blood type sometimes results in", "The two major forms of hemophilia occur much more commonly in males than in females. Hemophilia A is the most common type of the condition; 1 in 4,000 to 1 in 5,000 males worldwide are born with this disorder. Hemophilia B occurs in approximately 1 in 20,000 newborn males worldwide." ], "url": [ "http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/cancer/registry/abouts/leukemia.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/blood-transfusion-risks-of-blood-transfusion", "http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-types", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/blood-transfusion-risks-of-blood-transfusion", "http://www.cancercenter.com/bone-cancer/types/", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/blood-transfusion-risks-of-blood-transfusion", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hemophilia" ] }

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[ "7.692 million square kilometres." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Australia has six states — New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)—and two major mainland territories—the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT). Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the Pacific Islands Forum.", "Australia is the sixth-largest country by land area. It is comparable in size to the 48 contiguous United States. Australia is bordered to the west by the Indian Ocean, and to the east by the South Pacific Ocean. Australia is world famous for its natural wonders and wide open spaces, its beaches, deserts, the bush, and the Outback . Australia is one of the world's most highly urbanised countries; it is well known for the attractions of its large cities such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth.", "Australia is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the world's 12th-largest economy. In 2014 Australia had the world's fifth-highest per capita income. Australia's military expenditure is the world's 13th-largest. Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the Pacific Islands Forum.", "Australia's land mass. Australia comprises a land area of about 7.692 million square kilometres. Although this is just five per cent of the world's land mass (149.45 million square kilometres), Australia is the planet's sixth largest country after Russia, Canada, China, the United States of America and Brazil. Australia is the smallest of the world's continents. It is also the lowest, the flattest and (apart from Antarctica) the driest. The highest point on the Australian mainland is Mount Kosciuszko, New South Wales, at 2228 metres above sea level.", "Australia is known for its mining and for its production of wool. Australia is the world's largest producer of bauxite. Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and other islands on the Australian tectonic plate are together called Australasia. They form one of the world's great ecozones. When other Pacific islands are included, the term is Oceania.", "Australia (/ɒˈstreɪliə/ , /ə-/ , colloquially /-jə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Oceanian country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the Pacific Islands Forum.", "In Australia, public lands are referred to as Crown land. Public lands includes land set aside for nature conservation and various government or public purposes, as well as vacant land. Public lands comprise around 23% of Australian land, of which the largest single category is vacant land, comprising 12.5% of the land.", "Australia is the world's sixth largest country, after Russia, Canada, China, the USA, and Brazil. In addition to the mainland, Australia is surrounded by many thousands of small fringing islands and numerous larger ones, which, overall, amount to an area half the size of Tasmania. ", "as my interests are far and wide. The total land area of Australia is 7 692 024 square kilometres. The perimeter of Australia's coastline is 35 877 kilometres, but its islands make up another 23 859 kilometres, giving a total coastline length (perimeter) of 59 736 km. ", "Australia is a country in the Southern hemisphere between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Its official name is the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world by landmass, and is part of the Oceanic and Australasian regions. Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and other islands on the Australian tectonic plate are together called Australasia. They form one of the world's great ecozones. When other Pacific islands are included, the term is Oceania." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Australia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/the-australian-continent", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_land", "http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_perimeter_and_area_of_Australia", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" ] }

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[ "To The Highway with Douglas on Guitar." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Song Review by Cub Koda. Written as the title track for Elvis' third movie, Jailhouse Rock is one of rock & roll's great irreducibles. Written by Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller, the song sports one of rock & roll's most simplistic riffs, one that can be played by even the most stylistically challenged of musicians. Presley's original starts with that chordal sliding riff, moving from the key of D to the tune's official key of E flat (although almost no one has recorded the tune in that tune since), punctuated by two raw slaps to the snare drum.", "Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (nee Née Gladys Love) smith And Vernon (Presley Vernon Elvis). Presley he had a twin brother who was. stillborn Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in East Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Presley (nee Née Gladys Love) smith And Vernon (Presley Vernon Elvis). Presley he had a twin brother who was. Stillborn In september, 1948 elvis and his parents moved To, Memphis tennessee where he Attended Humes High. school", "Elvis (David) sings Key To The Highway with Douglas on Guitar. 1 Entertainment. 2 Standard YouTube License. ", "Life is a 1971 song by Elvis Presley. It was written by Shirl Milete. Elvis recorded it June 6, 1970. The single release had a seven-week stay on Billboard's Hot 100 chart, peaking at #53. It reached #8 on the Easy Listening chart and #34 on the Country Chart. It was the A-side to Only Believe. It was originally released on Elvis' Love Letters from Elvis album.", "Elvis Sings Flaming Star CD. The album was originally release by RCA Camden in April 1969. View inside the cover of Almost In Love CD. Elvis Sings Flaming Star-Elvis Presley CD. Flaming Star, Wonderful World, Night Life, All I Needed Was The Rain, Too Much Monkey Business, Yellow Rose Of Texas/The Eyes Of Texas, She's A Machine, Do The Vega, Tiger Man. ", "'Elvis Sings ...' CD from Sony Music. The cover art say's it all. Tracks: 1 Promised Land. 2 What'd I Say. 3 Early Mornin' Rain. 4 You've Lost That Loving Feeling. 5 My Babe. 6 Don't Think Twice, It's All Right. 7 Got My Mojo Working / Keep Your Hands Off Of It. ", "This is a list of the songs recorded by Elvis Presley between his first demos at the Sun Studios in 1953 and his final concert on June 26, 1977 at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana. Notes 1 : The recorded date is the first known date. 2 Album debut refers to each track's first appearance on LP. This is a list of the songs recorded by Elvis Presley between his first demos at the Sun Studios in 1953 and his final concert on June 26, 1977 at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana. Notes :", "(February 2013). This is a list of the songs recorded by Elvis Presley between his first demos at the Sun Studios in 1953 and his final concert on June 26, 1977 at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana. Notes :" ], "url": [ "http://www.allmusic.com/song/jailhouse-rock-mt0001312485", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000062/", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgO13DIXm44", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_(Elvis_Presley_song)", "http://elvispresleyshop.com/elvis-sings-flaming-star-cd", "http://elvispresleyshop.com/elvis-sings-cd-elvis-presley", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Elvis_Presley_songs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Elvis_Presley_songs" ] }

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[ "10 foot tall", "6 to 10 feet" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Views: 21072 | Last Update: 2009-07-30. How to Grow Camellia-Provided by eHow. Camellias grown in humid, tropical conditions with a definite rainy season and a definite dry season. Keep a camellia watered well in a warm climate with helpful tips from a sustainable gardener in this free video on growing flowers", "Japanese camellias grow very slowly and can grow to be quite old. Some hundred-year-old plants may reach 25 feet high or more and as wide, but most gardeners can consider camellias to be 10-foot-tall shrubs. Many are even lower growing. Camellia sasanqua cultivars are faster growing than C. japonica. ", "I heard camellias were difficult to grow and were slow growers, but hope there might be some out there for beginners. The plant needs to be in upright form. My color preference goes with white, pink, then red, because my house is a red one. I believe that the Kanjiro camellia is supposed to be relatively fast growing for camellias (in general, camellias are slow growers). Like Bookmark November 9, 2004 at 3:59PM. Thank you for reporting this comment.", "1 Japonica camellias (Camellia japonica) bloom in winter or early spring. 2 They have large leaves and flowers and are the species most familiar to home gardeners. 3 Sasanqua camellias (Camellia sasanqua) have smaller, darker leaves along with smaller blossoms, and they bloom in the fall. Planting Tips. 1 Camellias need to be planted a little high, so that the top of the root ball is level with the surface of the soil. 2 This helps water drain away from the trunk. 3 Camellia roots are shallow, so avoid planting them under shallow-rooted shade trees such as birch and maple.", "Camellia shrubs have several different growth habits and sizes. Camellias (Camellia sp.) are evergreen shrubs with exquisite single or semidouble flowers that generally bloom from winter to spring, depending on the variety. They require acidic soil and partial shade but are otherwise dependable plants once established. Spreading Camellias. A few camellia cultivars have an unusually low, spreading and somewhat dwarf growth habit. One of these, a japonica type called Shishigashira, develops into a spreading shrub about 6 feet high and equally wide. It has semidouble, deep pink blossoms and foliage that tends to be a bronze-red color.", "In general terms, camellias are slow growers, nothing even close to the type of growth you get with a rose bush. But some grow faster than others. Another contact alternative is to call or email the American Camellia Society Chapter for your area. Hi, I am thinking of planting a camellia in my yard and wanted to know how fast they grow in the Maryland area (just outside of DC).", "The two species generally used in landscape gardening are the Japanese camellia (Camellia japonica) and Sasanqua camellia (Camellia sasanqua), both growing in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 through 9. While camellia growth rate is generally slow, it can be influenced by a variety of factors. The Sasanqua camellia is faster growing, with an eventual height of 6 to 10 feet and spread of 5 to 7 feet. Japanese varieties grow a bit slower, usually to a height and spread of 6 to 10 feet. While camellias can generally be considered fully mature a few years after they begin flowering, they can live to be hundreds of years old and the Japanese variety can keep growing until it eventually reaches around 25 feet. The camellia bloom is a welcome sight in fall and winter gardens. An ornamental shrub with gorgeous radial blooms in the fall, winter and spring, the camellia is a much-loved favorite in warmer climates.", "It has semidouble pink flowers and can reach an final height of 20 feet or more and a similar-sized spread when it is 10 to 20 years old. Like most camellias, these plants are quite drought-tolerant but do best with regular watering and need at least 1 inch of water weekly while flowering. Spreading Camellias. A few camellia cultivars have an unusually low, spreading and somewhat dwarf growth habit. One of these, a japonica type called Shishigashira, develops into a spreading shrub about 6 feet high and equally wide. It has semidouble, deep pink blossoms and foliage that tends to be a bronze-red color.", "Derrick111 (7) August 29, 2012. Hi, I am thinking of planting a camellia in my yard and wanted to know how fast they grow in the Maryland area (just outside of DC). I found some in a 3 gallon pot for sale but I fear it will take quite a while before it looks somewhat substantial", "Tags: , camellia, grow, plant, plant shrub, planting, planting shrubs. Camellia japonica “Red Red Rose”. As a foundation shrub, or a specimen plant, camellias (Camellia sp. ) offer striking green foliage, elegant shaping, and brightly-colored blooms that make them one of the mainstays of the year-round garden. Planting Tips. 1 Camellias need to be planted a little high, so that the top of the root ball is level with the surface of the soil. 2 This helps water drain away from the trunk. 3 Camellia roots are shallow, so avoid planting them under shallow-rooted shade trees such as birch and maple." ], "url": [ "http://www.gardenguides.com/video-61782-grow-camellia.html", "http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/plants/landscape/shrubs/hgic1062.html", "http://forums.gardenweb.com/discussions/1782517/help-look-for-a-fast-growing-camellia", "http://www.todayshomeowner.com/how-to-grow-camellias/", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/big-camellia-shrubs-grow-52218.html", "http://forums.gardenweb.com/discussions/1780912/how-fast-do-they-grow", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/camellia-growth-rate-61646.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/big-camellia-shrubs-grow-52218.html", "http://forums.gardenweb.com/discussions/1780912/how-fast-do-they-grow", "http://www.todayshomeowner.com/how-to-grow-camellias/" ] }

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[ "By an excess of acid or alkali (base)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Decreased carbon dioxide (an acid) or increased bicarbonate (a base) level makes the body too alkaline, a condition called alkalosis. There are different types of alkalosis. These are described below. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by a low carbon dioxide levels in the blood.", "Hypochloremic Alkalosis. This form of alkalosis occurs when there is a significant decline of chloride in your body, often due to prolonged vomiting or sweating. Chloride is an important chemical needed to maintain balance in bodily fluids, and is an essential part of your body’s digestive fluids.", "Alkalosis is a condition in which the body fluids have excess base (alkali). This is the opposite of excess acid (acidosis). The fluids in your body contain two substances: acids and bases; alkali is the base.", "Background. Metabolic alkalosis is a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) concentration. This occurs as a consequence of a loss of H + from the body or a gain in HCO 3 - 2), which diminishes the change in pH that would otherwise occur.", "Normally, these two gases are kept in balance by the respiratory system. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when carbon dioxide levels drop too low. This causes the pH of the blood to rise and become too alkaline. This condition is basically the opposite of respiratory acidosis, when the blood becomes too acidic.", "Miscellaneous causes of metabolic alkalosis include villous adenomas, which are a rare cause of diarrhea. Villous adenomas usually lead to metabolic acidosis from loss of colonic secretions that are rich in bicarbonate, but occasionally these tumors cause metabolic alkalosis. The mechanism is not well understood.", "Acidosis and alkalosis describe the abnormal conditions that result from an imbalance in the pH of the blood caused by an excess of acid or alkali (base)." ], "url": [ "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001183.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/health/alkalosis", "http://www.healthline.com/health/alkalosis", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243160-overview", "http://www.healthline.com/health/respiratory-alkalosis", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243160-overview", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/acidosis" ] }

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[ "Central nervous system oxygen toxicity manifests as symptoms such as visual changes (especially tunnel vision), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), nausea, twitching (especially of the face), irritability (personality changes, anxiety, confusion, etc.), and dizziness." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O 2) at elevated partial pressures. Central nervous system oxygen toxicity manifests as symptoms such as visual changes (especially tunnel vision), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), nausea, twitching (especially of the face), irritability (personality changes, anxiety, confusion, etc.), and dizziness.", "Central nervous system oxygen toxicity: High oxygen levels which affects the central nervous system. The condition can occur during deep dives with fatal consequences. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of Central nervous system oxygen toxicity is available below. ", "There are two main types of oxygen toxicity: central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity and pulmonary oxygen toxicity. CNS oxygen toxicity is usually caused by divers exposing themselves to an oxygen partial pressure of 1.6 ata or greater, and can result in convulsions, pulmonary barotrauma, and death. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is caused by divers exposing themselves to elevated partial pressures of oxygen for long periods of time, and is primarily a concern for technical divers who decompress on oxygen.", "Oxygen toxicity is a medical condition caused by exposure to oxygen at high pressure. Oxygen toxicity is a concern for scuba divers who dive beyond recreational depth limits, use mixed gasses such as enriched air nitrox, or use gasses with high partial pressures of oxygen for decompression stops. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is caused by divers exposing themselves to elevated partial pressures of oxygen for long periods of time, and is primarily a concern for technical divers who decompress on oxygen.", "The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. ", "About signs and symptoms of Central nervous system oxygen toxicity: The symptom information on this page attempts to provide a list of some possible signs and symptoms of Central nervous system oxygen toxicity. Furthermore, signs and symptoms of Central nervous system oxygen toxicity may vary on an individual basis for each patient. Only your doctor can provide adequate diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and whether they are indeed Central nervous system oxygen toxicity symptoms.", "CNS oxygen toxicity is the main form seen in diving. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is not of concern except in very long technical dives (extended cave or rebreather dives, for example) lasting six to 12 hours or more. Prolonged dives within the safe limits for CNS oxygen toxicity may still cause ocular toxicity, which manifests as a narrowing of the visual field and myopia.", "Severe cases can result in cell damage and death, with effects most often seen in the central nervous system, lungs and eyes. Oxygen toxicity is a concern for underwater divers, those on high concentrations of supplemental oxygen (particularly premature babies), and those undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The result of breathing elevated partial pressures of oxygen is hyperoxia, an excess of oxygen in body tissues. Central nervous system oxygen toxicity manifests as symptoms such as visual changes (especially tunnel vision), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), nausea, twitching (especially of the face), irritability (personality changes, anxiety, confusion, etc.), and dizziness.", "0. Oxygen physiology for divers has been one of the most misunderstood subjects in the sport for some time. Case in point: For years, the oxygen percentage in atmospheric air was commonly taught in scuba classes to be 20 percent when it actually is 20.98 percent, rightfully rounded to 21. The hazards of CNS oxygen toxicity are easily avoided by ensuring that your dive profiles don't violate the NOAA limits. Set your PO2 at 1.6 (less for longer dives), watch your computer's display of dose accumulation, and do not exceed the maximum depth limit for your nitrox mix." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/central_nervous_system_oxygen_toxicity/intro.htm", "http://scuba.about.com/od/scubaterminology/f/What-Is-Oxygen-Toxicity.htm", "http://scuba.about.com/od/scubaterminology/f/What-Is-Oxygen-Toxicity.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/central_nervous_system_oxygen_toxicity/symptoms.htm", "http://www.alertdiver.com/Oxygen_Toxicity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity", "http://www.scubadiving.com/training/basic-skills/instruction-cns-oxygen-toxicity" ] }

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[ "It is common home appliances, such as gas or oil furnaces, gas refrigerators, gas clothes dryers, gas ranges, gas water heaters or space heaters, fireplaces, charcoal grills, and wood burning stoves" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In bacteria, carbon monoxide is produced via the reduction of carbon dioxide by the enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, an Fe-Ni-S -containing protein. CooA is a carbon monoxide sensor protein. The scope of its biological role is still unknown; it may be part of a signaling pathway in bacteria and archaea. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct. Worldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere that generate about 5 × 10 kilograms per year.", "Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond that consists of two covalent bonds as well as one dative covalent bond. It is the simplest oxocarbon and is isoelectronic with the cyanide anion, the nitrosonium cation and molecular nitrogen. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct. Worldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere that generate about 5 × 10 kilograms per year.", "In biology, carbon monoxide is naturally produced by the action of heme oxygenase 1 and 2 on the heme from hemoglobin breakdown. This process produces a certain amount of carboxyhemoglobin in normal persons, even if they do not breathe any carbon monoxide. Some processes in modern technology, such as iron smelting, still produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct. Worldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin, due to photochemical reactions in the troposphere that generate about 5 × 10 kilograms per year.", "Risk for carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. All combustion engines produce exhaust emissions that can contain harmful levels of carbon monoxide. In Washington State, the most common source of carbon monoxide poisoning is fuel-driven forklifts. ", "Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas, but, being colorless, odorless, tasteless, and initially non-irritating, it is very difficult for people to detect. Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of organic matter due to insufficient oxygen supply to enable complete oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO 2). Carbon monoxide is produced naturally by the body as a byproduct of converting protoporphyrin into bilirubin. This carbon monoxide also combines with hemoglobin to make carboxyhemoglobin, but not at toxic levels. Small amounts of CO are beneficial and enzymes exist that produce it at times of oxidative stress.", "Carbon monoxide is a by-product of combustion, present whenever fuel is burned. It is produced by common home appliances, such as gas or oil furnaces, gas refrigerators, gas clothes dryers, gas ranges, gas water heaters or space heaters, fireplaces, charcoal grills, and wood burning stoves. ", "Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning in Your Home. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas often formed in the process of incomplete combustion of organic substances, including fuels. It is dangerous because it interferes with normal oxygen uptake for humans and other living organisms needing oxygen to liv", "It is produced by the incomplete burning of various fuels, including coal, wood, charcoal, oil, kerosene, propane, and natural gas. Products and equipment powered by internal combustion engines such as portable generators, cars, lawn mowers, and power washers also produce CO. ", "1 Carbon monoxide (CO) is commonly confused with carbon dioxide (CO2). 2 CO2 is a gas used in carbonated drinks and is also the same gas breathed out by humans. 3 CO poisoning is not caused by faulty appliances, but by lack of air movement. ", "Dangerous concentrations of CO may also be produced by burning fossil-fuel appliances, such gas stoves or charcoal grills in any enclosed space including campers, tents, and ice fishing houses. Finally, inhalation of paint removers containing methylene chloride can also result in carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas often formed in the process of incomplete combustion of organic substances, including fuels." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide", "http://www.lni.wa.gov/Safety/Research/HazardousChem/CarbonMonoxide/Default.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning", "http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Pages/communications/CO/co1.html", "http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/co/", "http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Carbon-Monoxide-Information-Center/Carbon-Monoxide-Questions-and-Answers-/", "http://www.safefiredirect.co.uk/Page/27/what-is-carbon-monoxide.aspx", "http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/co/" ] }

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[ "1.Passenger vehicle : $34.50. 2 Motorcycle : $28.50." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ohio has standardized registration renewal fees for the most common vehicles, but taxes vary from county to county. Renewal Fees. 1 Passenger vehicle : $34.50. 2 Motorcycle : $28.50. The Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles has an automated phone system that allows you to renew your registration/plates over the phone. You can use this system up to 90 days before the expiration date on your registration.", "Title Fee. Motor Vehicle. For model year prior to 1983, fee depends on the weight of the vehicle; after 1983, fee depends on the price of the vehicle; fees can vary from $33 to $148, fees decline by 10% each year until the fifth renewal. Title Fee. Motor Vehicle. Based on vehicle weight + $1.50 charge as part of the registration fee every two years. $51.50. Motorcycle. Prorated by date + $1.50 charge as part of the registration fee.", "When you move to Florida and become a resident you have 10 days to register your out of state vehicle. You are considered a Florida resident when you place your children in public schools, become employed, or otherwise establish Florida residency. To register your out of state car you must complete an application for certificate of title this form starts the process of transferring the title of your vehicle from your current state to Florida. To complete this form you will need: 1 The Vehicle Identification Number.", "Registration Fee. Title Fee. Motor Vehicle. Registration fees for vehicles up to 11 years old are $0.40 per 100 lbs. plus a percentage of the vehicle's value: vehicles up to 7 years old - 1%. vehicles 8-9 years old - .75%. vehicles up to 10-11 years old - .5%. For vehicles 12 years old and older registration fee is $50. Title Fee. Motor Vehicle. Based on vehicle weight + $1.50 charge as part of the registration fee every two years. $51.50. Motorcycle. Prorated by date + $1.50 charge as part of the registration fee.", "How much does it cost to register a car in florida? If you where having the title transferred to your name and also registering the car the total cost would be $350 plus tax. I was just quoted $400.00 to register my car in Nassau County, Florida by the DMV. First time fee, although I have lived here off and on for over 55 years.", "To register any vehicle in Florida that does have a Florida registration there is an initial registration fee of $100. In addition you will pay a standard registration fee based on the vehicles weight as follows: 1 $27.60 for vehicles under 2500 pounds. 2 $35.60 for vehicles between 2500 and 3499 pounds. To register your out of state car you must complete an application for certificate of title this form starts the process of transferring the title of your vehicle from your current state to Florida. To complete this form you will need: 1 The Vehicle Identification Number.", "In that case, the plates must be surrendered to the Registrar of the Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles. If the vehicle has a regular Ohio vehicle registration, there will be no refund or partial refund for your current vehicle registration. Your registration and plates will be mailed within seven to ten days. 4. Completed and signed application. FEES The R.C. 4503.19 requires that you ADD $7.50 for a set of license plates and $6.50 for a single plate to the below fees for replacement plates if your vehicle is currently registered or has been registered within the last 12 months.", "State registration: varies. Some are flat fee of $50, some are $50 per class. European and individual countries: vary. Madrid protocol: ask your attorney However, if the trademark is only going to be used within the state-it requires no registration. I was just quoted $400.00 to register my car in Nassau County, Florida by the DMV. First time fee, although I have lived here off and on for over 55 years.", "Current OHIO vehicle registration card (if vehicle displays an Ohio license plate) or original Certificate of Title / Memorandum of title (if vehicle does not display an Ohio license plate). You may take these documents to any Deputy Registrar agency to be verified for a fee of $3.50. 4. Completed and signed application. FEES The R.C. 4503.19 requires that you ADD $7.50 for a set of license plates and $6.50 for a single plate to the below fees for replacement plates if your vehicle is currently registered or has been registered within the last 12 months.", "The cost to register a car in Utah will depend on the age of your vehicle. Charges run from $10.00 up to $150.00. If your car is three years old or under, you will pay $15 … 0.00. Answered. I was just quoted $400.00 to register my car in Nassau County, Florida by the DMV. First time fee, although I have lived here off and on for over 55 years." ], "url": [ "https://www.dmv.org/oh-ohio/registration-renewal.php", "http://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/registration-and-title-fees-by-state.aspx", "http://www.dmvflorida.org/out-of-state-car-registration.shtml", "http://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/registration-and-title-fees-by-state.aspx", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_it_cost_to_register_a_car_in_Ohio", "http://www.dmvflorida.org/out-of-state-car-registration.shtml", "http://publicsafety.ohio.gov/links/bmv4806.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_it_cost_to_register_a_car_in_Ohio", "http://publicsafety.ohio.gov/links/bmv4806.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_it_cost_to_register_a_car_in_Ohio" ] }

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[ "A common symptom of early dementia is a listlessness or apathy. You might notice that your elderly loved one is starting to lose interest in hobbies or activities. They may not want to go out anymore or to do anything fun." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Dementia often develops slowly and the early signs are not always obvious. Tweet Share Email. Symptoms similar to dementia can be seen in other illnesses. Sometimes it can be difficult to tell apart dementia from the usual mild forgetfulness seen in normal ageing. This means that the symptoms get worse over time. This is usually the case with vascular dementia too. The speed of change varies between people and also between different diseases, but in most dementias, symptoms progress slowly over several years. Everybody is unique and is affected in their own way.", "Here are four more surprising early signs of dementia—be sure to tell your doctor is any of these sound familiar: Your taste buds change. Big shifts in the kinds of foods you crave—especially a newfound preference for sweets—is another early warning sign, finds a Japanese study. ", "Confusion. Someone in the early stages of dementia may often show signs of confusion. When memory, thinking, or judgment lapses, confusion arises as your loved one can no longer remember faces, find the right words, or interact with people normally. Confusion can occur for a number of reasons.", "Some of the causes are simpler to understand in terms of how they affect the brain and lead to dementia: 1. 1 Vascular dementia-this results from brain cell death caused by conditions such as cerebrovascular disease, for example stroke. 2 This prevents normal blood flow, depriving brain cells of oxygen. ", "Symptoms. Vascular dementia symptoms vary, depending on the part of your brain where blood flow is impaired. Symptoms often overlap with those of other types of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. Vascular dementia symptoms may be most clear-cut when they occur suddenly following a stroke. When changes in your thinking and reasoning seem clearly linked to a stroke, this condition is sometimes called post-stroke dementia", "Apathy. A common symptom of early dementia is a listlessness or apathy. You might notice that your elderly loved one is starting to lose interest in hobbies or activities. They may not want to go out anymore or to do anything fun.omeone in the early stages of dementia may often show signs of confusion. When memory, thinking, or judgment lapses, confusion arises as your loved one can no longer remember faces, find the right words, or interact with people normally. Confusion can occur for a number of reasons.", "Here are some of the indicators that signal each type of dementia: Alzheimer's disease. 1 Memory loss: Early-stage Alzheimer's is almost always hallmarked by some form of memory loss. 2 A person may experience difficulty trying to remember a particular word, or the name of someone they just met. ", "Studies show that people with dementia symptoms usually have brain changes typical of more than one type. Some doctors call this condition mixed dementia. Vascular dementia symptoms include: 1 Confusion. Symptoms often overlap with those of other types of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. Vascular dementia symptoms may be most clear-cut when they occur suddenly following a stroke.", "Dementia is not a disease, but a collection of symptoms that result from damage to the brain. These symptoms can be caused by a number of conditions. On this page you can read about: 1 symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. 2 symptoms of vascular dementia. 3 symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies. 4 symptoms of frontotemporal dementia. Symptoms in the later stages of dementia. As dementia progresses, memory loss and difficulties with communication often become very severe. In the later stages, the person is likely to neglect their own health and require constant care and attention.", "Apathy. A common symptom of early dementia is a listlessness or apathy. You might notice that your elderly loved one is starting to lose interest in hobbies or activities. They may not want to go out anymore or to do anything fun. Someone in the early stages of dementia may often show signs of confusion. When memory, thinking, or judgment lapses, confusion arises as your loved one can no longer remember faces, find the right words, or interact with people normally. Confusion can occur for a number of reasons." ], "url": [ "http://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/about-dementia/helpful-information/symptoms/", "http://www.prevention.com/mind-body/signs-you-may-have-dementia", "http://www.healthline.com/health/dementia/early-warning-signs", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/142214.php", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vascular-dementia/basics/symptoms/CON-20029330", "http://www.healthline.com/health/dementia/early-warning-signs", "https://www.agingcare.com/Articles/signs-of-dementia-156694.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vascular-dementia/basics/symptoms/CON-20029330", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/dementia-guide/Pages/symptoms-of-dementia.aspx", "http://www.healthline.com/health/dementia/early-warning-signs" ] }

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[ "A firewall is simply a program or hardware device that filters the information coming through the Internet connection into your private network or computer system. A firewall trusts nobody unless it is told otherwise.It secures your computer from the outside world." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A firewall is simply a program or hardware device that filters the information coming through the Internet connection into your private network or computer system. A firewall trusts nobody unless it is told otherwise. It secures your computer from the outside world. It helps protect computers inside a large company. A firewall gives a company tremendous control over how people use the network. A firewall examines all traffic routed between the two networks to see if it meets certain criteria. If it does, it is routed between the networks, otherwise it is stopped. A firewall filters both inbound and outbound traffic.", "3. My understanding of the situation is that, when the Windows firewall is off, every port on the computer (all 65535 of them) is fully open. This means that any application running on the computer can send any traffic from the computer through any port to any device on the network or the internet. If the firewall is off, every port is open and any application running on the computer can send and receive data through any port if it is designed to do so. Also any device that can connect to the computer (as a rule of thumb any device that can ping the computer) can send data through any port.", "In large corporations, if a firewall is not in place, thousands of computers could be vulnerable to malicious attacks. Firewalls should be placed at every connection to the internet and are also used to control outgoing web traffic as well in large organizations. Firewalls use several strategies to control traffic flowing in and out of networks. Firewalls can be configured to filter by several variables: IP address, domain name, protocol, port or even specific words or phrases. Though some operating systems come with a built-in firewall, internet routers also provide very affordable firewall protection when configured properly. Comments are closed.", "Firewalls are configured (in hardware, software, or both) with specific criteria to block or prevent unauthorized access to a network. They work as filters for your network traffic by blocking incoming packets of information that are seen as unsafe. Firewalls can be configured to filter by several variables: IP address, domain name, protocol, port or even specific words or phrases. Though some operating systems come with a built-in firewall, internet routers also provide very affordable firewall protection when configured properly. Comments are closed.", "In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls are often categorized as either network firewalls or host-based firewalls. Network firewalls are a software appliance running on general purpose hardware or hardware-based firewall computer appliances that filter traffic between two or more networks.", "A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. You can implement a firewall in either hardware or software form, or a combination of both. Firewalls prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. ", "1 For home use, firewalls work much more simply. 2 The main goal of a personal firewall is to protect your personal computer and private network from malicious mischief. 3 Malware, malicious software, is the primary threat to your home computer. 4 Viruses are often the first type of malware that comes to mind. The need of Firewalls for Personal Use. 1 ", "What Firewall Software Does. A firewall is simply a program or hardware device that filters the information coming through the Internet connection into your private network or computer system. If an incoming packet of information is flagged by the filters, it is not allowed through. Firewalls use one or more of three methods to control traffic flowing in and out of the network: 1 Packet filtering-Packets (small chunks of data) are analyzed against a set of filters. 2 Packets that make it through the filters are sent to the requesting system and all others are discarded.", "Firewalls are used to protect both home and corporate networks. A typical firewall program or hardware device filters all information coming through the Internet to your network or computer system. There are several types of firewall techniques that will prevent potentially harmful information from getting through: A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both.", "At their most basic, firewalls work like a filter between your computer/network and the Internet. You can program what you want to get out and what you want to get in. Everything else is not allowed. There are several different methods firewalls use to filter out information, and some are used in combination. The need of Firewalls for Personal Use. 1 For home use, firewalls work much more simply. 2 The main goal of a personal firewall is to protect your personal computer and private network from malicious mischief." ], "url": [ "http://www.cavsi.com/questionsanswers/what-does-a-firewall-do/", "http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/13141/what-specifically-does-the-windows-firewall-do", "http://www.pctools.com/security-news/what-does-a-firewall-do/", "http://www.pctools.com/security-news/what-does-a-firewall-do/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)", "https://kb.iu.edu/d/aoru", "https://www.comodo.com/resources/home/how-firewalls-work.php", "http://computer.howstuffworks.com/firewall1.htm", "http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/firewall.html", "https://www.comodo.com/resources/home/how-firewalls-work.php" ] }

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[ "One that has captured a person or thing." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "captor noun [C]. › a ​person who has ​captured a ​person or ​animal and ​refuses to ​release them. (Definition of captor from the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press). The answer may seem obvious, but the use of this word can lead to confusion. In the UK and Ireland the word traditionally meant the number 1,000,000,000,000 (a million millions), which is called a trillion in the United States.", "The Euroradar CAPTOR is a next-generation mechanical multi-mode pulse doppler radar designed for the Eurofighter Typhoon. Development started as the ECR-90 at Ferranti 's Edinburgh radar labs, home of many British radar systems. The ECR-90 was based on the Blue Vixen radar which had been developed for the BAE Sea Harrier FA2.", "Share to: Factor Captor is a game where one player picks a product and that player's opponent tries to find all of the factors of that number. But, if that player has missed a factor, t … he other player can cross that factor off and get the points. You keep on playing until all of the factor have been used. ", "Cardcaptor Sakura takes place in the fictional Japanese city of Tomoeda, which is somewhere near Tokyo. Ten-year-old Sakura Kinomoto accidentally releases a set of magical cards known as Clow Cards from a book in her basement created and named after the sorcerer Clow Reed. The Cardcaptor Sakura TV series DVDs went out-of-print at the end of 2006 when the license expired. NIS America has licensed the Cardcaptor Sakura TV series and re-released the entire series with Japanese and an unedited English audio track on DVD and Blu-ray on August 5, 2014.", "captor. n. 1. a person or animal that holds another captive. [C17: from Latin, from capere to take]. (ˈkaep ˈkæp). tər His captor was Burton Duff, the jailer, as white as death and bearing upon his brow the livid mark of the iron bar. Present At A Hanging And Other Ghost Stories by Bierce, Ambrose View in context. My captor merely strode up to the rostrum, the others making way for him as he advanced.", "Cardcaptor Sakura (カードキャプターさくら, Kādokyaputā Sakura) , abbreviated as CCS and also known as Cardcaptors, is a Japanese shōjo manga series written and illustrated by the manga group Clamp. The Cardcaptor Sakura TV series DVDs went out-of-print at the end of 2006 when the license expired. NIS America has licensed the Cardcaptor Sakura TV series and re-released the entire series with Japanese and an unedited English audio track on DVD and Blu-ray on August 5, 2014.", "Full Definition of CAPTOR. : one that has captured a person or thing. See captor defined for English-language learners. See captor defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT. : someone who has captured a person and is keeping that person as a prisoner.", "The plot of the anime series is extended, featuring 52 Clow Cards from the manga's original 19, and certain scenes are stretched and delayed, such as Cerberus' true form not being revealed until just before Yue's appearance. Sakura creates a 53rd card, Hope, a talent she is not shown to have in the manga. The Cardcaptor Sakura TV series DVDs went out-of-print at the end of 2006 when the license expired. NIS America has licensed the Cardcaptor Sakura TV series and re-released the entire series with Japanese and an unedited English audio track on DVD and Blu-ray on August 5, 2014." ], "url": [ "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/captor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroradar_CAPTOR", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_captors_goal_in_this_interrogation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardcaptor_Sakura", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/captor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardcaptor_Sakura", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/captor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardcaptor_Sakura" ] }

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[ "Preheat oven to 400°F. Toss Brussels sprouts with oil, salt and pepper on a rimmed baking sheet and roast, stirring once or twice, until deep golden brown, crisp outside and tender inside, 30 to 35 minutes.The leaves that are loose will be especially brown and crispy. Transfer to a bowl and serve." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Preheat oven to 425 degrees. 2 Line a baking sheet with aluminum foil. 3 In a large bowl, toss brussels sprouts with 2 tablespoons olive oil, kosher salt and pepper. 4 Transfer the brussels sprouts to baking sheet and roast, stirring occasionally to ensure even browning, until tender and caramelized, about 20 minutes. 1 In a large bowl, toss brussels sprouts with 2 tablespoons olive oil, kosher salt and pepper. 2", "Directions. 1 Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. 2 Cut the bottom of each brussels sprout off (about 1/4 or less) and then slice in half lengthwise. 3 Toss all ingredients and place in a single layer on a baking dish. 4 Roast for 25 minutes or until brussels sprouts are slightly browned and tender throughout. 5 Serve hot or cold. 1 Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. 2 Cut the bottom of each brussels sprout off (about 1/4 or less) and then slice in half lengthwise. 3 Toss all ingredients and place in a single layer on a baking dish. 4 Roast for 25 minutes or until brussels sprouts are slightly browned and tender throughout. 5 Serve hot or cold.", "Directions. 1 Take frozen brussels sprouts and place in a large bowl. 2 Pour olive oil and kosher salt over sprouts and mix well. 3 Place sprouts, evenly spaced and not stacked, on a baking sheet and place in a 400 degree oven for 40-45 minutes. 1 Take frozen brussels sprouts and place in a large bowl. 2 Pour olive oil and kosher salt over sprouts and mix well. 3 Place sprouts, evenly spaced and not stacked, on a baking sheet and place in a 400 degree oven for 40-45 minutes.", "1 Line a baking sheet with aluminum foil. 2 In a large bowl, toss brussels sprouts with 2 tablespoons olive oil, kosher salt and pepper. 3 Transfer the brussels sprouts to baking sheet and roast, stirring occasionally to ensure even browning, until tender and caramelized, about 20 minutes. 4 Place brussels sprouts back in bowl. 1 In a large bowl, toss brussels sprouts with 2 tablespoons olive oil, kosher salt and pepper. 2", "Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. Cut off the brown ends of the Brussels sprouts and pull off any yellow outer leaves. Mix them in a bowl with the olive oil, salt and pepper. Pour them on a sheet pan and roast for 35 to 40 minutes, until crisp on the outside and tender on the inside. Shake the pan from time to time to brown the sprouts evenly. Sprinkle with more kosher salt (I like these salty like French fries), and serve immediately.", "Create a new list: Method: Preheat oven to 400°F. Toss Brussels sprouts with oil, salt and pepper on a rimmed baking sheet and roast, stirring once or twice, until deep golden brown, crisp outside and tender inside, 30 to 35 minutes. The leaves that are loose will be especially brown and crispy. Transfer to a bowl and serve. ", "1 Heat oven to 450 degrees. 2 Trim bottom of brussels sprouts, and slice each in half top to bottom. 3 Heat oil in cast-iron pan over medium-high heat until it shimmers; put sprouts cut side down in one layer in pan. 4 Put in garlic, and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Preparation. 1 ", "1 Place trimmed Brussels sprouts, olive oil, kosher salt, and pepper in a large resealable plastic bag. 2 Seal tightly, and shake to coat. 3 Pour onto a baking sheet, and place on center oven rack. 4 Roast in the preheated oven for 30 to 45 minutes, shaking pan every 5 to 7 minutes for even browning. 1 Pour onto a baking sheet, and place on center oven rack. 2 Roast in the preheated oven for 30 to 45 minutes, shaking pan every 5 to 7 minutes for even browning. 3 Reduce heat when necessary to prevent burning. 4 Brussels sprouts should be darkest brown, almost black, when done." ], "url": [ "http://www.onceuponachef.com/2009/11/roasted-brussels-sprouts.html", "http://www.food.com/recipe/roasted-brussels-sprouts-201073", "http://www.food.com/recipe/oven-roasted-brussels-sprouts-151594", "http://www.onceuponachef.com/2009/11/roasted-brussels-sprouts.html", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/ina-garten/roasted-brussels-sprouts-recipe2.html", "http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/recipe/oven-roasted-brussels-sprouts", "http://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1890-roasted-brussels-sprouts-with-garlic", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/67952/roasted-brussels-sprouts/" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chase Online is down for me as well. Only reason I know: there was an email in my spam folder from 'chase' with a suspicious subject title. Decided to try and log in just in case, and lo and behold: site is down. I have been unable to access my Chase accounts for a MONTH! At first I thought it was their site, but now it appears there's something blocking my computer from getting to my accounts. At the same time, my son CAN get on his Chase accout site.", "Leave a comment | Trackback. Chase appears to be in the middle of a massive outage affecting millions of online banking customers. Reports of the outage started to surface yesterday evening, and as of 4:00pm ET today, the site is still down. This is not the first time that Chase has suffered a lengthy outage of its online banking system. For example, Chase online banking was down for 15 hours on August 7 through August 8. This article on the USA Today web site mentions that August outage:", "Chase.com online banking under extreme cyber attack for over 72 hours; website still down for most customers. Monday, November 10, 2014by Mike Adams, the Health RangerTags: Chase bank, cyber attack, online banking. Most Viewed Articles. Today | Week | Month | Year. (NaturalNews) Chase.com online banking has been taken offline by a sustained cyber attack since last Friday, with its online banking website either completely unavailable or loading with extremely long wait times.", "Update: The Chase.com website is no longer down. No word on the cause of the outage. While there is still no word as to why Chase.com is currently down, patience among customers is running low. Customers have taken to Twitter and other social media platforms to express their displeasure with the site's malfunctions.", "Chase’s website for online banking has been unavailable since Monday night. After opening, receiving, an activating a new Chase credit card, a process I completed this past weekend, and purchasing my first items with the card, I was looking forward to checking my activity online today. ", "Is chaseonline down for everyone or just me? Our website down tool checks chaseonline.chase.com url's reachability in real-time. This page lets you quickly find out is it down (right now) for other users as well, or you are experiencing some kind of network connection error. Please allow us a few seconds to finish the test. 1 Tweet. This page is trying to establish a connection with the chase.com domain name's web server to perform a network independent chaseonline down or not test. If the site is up, try the troubleshooting tips below, but if the site is down, there is not much you can do. Read more: what we do and how do we do it.", "You're Now Leaving Chase. Chase is not responsible for, and does not provide or endorse, this third-party site's products, services or other content. Chase's Privacy Notice and security practices do not apply for the site you're about to enter, so please review the third party's privacy and security practices. Cancel Proceed", "This means that the website is currently unavailable and down for everybody (not just you) or you have entered an invalid domain name for this query. Possibly the icefilms.info web server is down, overloaded, unreachable (network problem), or a website or server maintenance is in progress right now. This page is trying to establish a connection with the chase.com domain name's web server to perform a network independent chaseonline down or not test. If the site is up, try the troubleshooting tips below, but if the site is down, there is not much you can do. Read more: what we do and how do we do it.", "The websites for Chase Bank and the investment bank JPMorgan Chase went down Thursday morning. No word on whether this is a technical glitch or a cyber attack. On Wednesday, the New York Times website went down in what the paper claims was a maintenance issue, but an anonymous source said was a cyber attack. " ], "url": [ "http://www.isitdownrightnow.com/chase.com.html", "http://bankingblog.celent.com/2010/09/14/chasecom-major-outage-or-scheduled-maintenance/", "http://www.naturalnews.com/047592_Chase_bank_cyber_attack_online_banking.html", "http://www.latinpost.com/articles/1496/20130815/chase-website-down-customers-unhappy-bank-sites-outage.htm", "http://www.consumerismcommentary.com/chase-online-banking-website-down/", "http://www.websitedown.info/chaseonline.chase.com", "https://www.chase.com/", "http://www.websitedown.info/chaseonline.chase.com", "http://www.latinpost.com/articles/1495/20130815/chase-com-down-server-disruptions-jpmorgan-mobile-works.htm" ] }

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[ "A small wood or grove of trees." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The word is also found in Scandinavian placenames and in surnames derived from them: in Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic as Holt (or the more archaic Danish Holdt and Holte); in Swedish as Hult or Hulte; and even in Finnish as Hulti (a loanword from Swedish). This page or section lists people with the surname Holt (surname) . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link.", "Diana The Family Name Origin: Holt The surname of HOLT was a locational name 'the dweller at the holt' from residence near a wood or grove. Local surnames, by far the largest group, derived from a place name where the man held land or from the place from which he had come, or where he actually lived. Another Description of the Origin of the Surname Holt The surname Holt has two possible origins, one from a place so named of which there are several examples in England, and the second, toponymical from the Old English word holt, - 'wood'.", "ISBN 0-19-211592-8: Holt English: a topographic name for someone who lived in or by a wood or copse, ME, OE holt, or habitation name from one of the very many places named with this word. The surname is widely distributed, but rather more common in Lancs. than elsewhere. Vars.: Hoult; Holter. Another Description of the Origin of the Surname Holt The surname Holt has two possible origins, one from a place so named of which there are several examples in England, and the second, toponymical from the Old English word holt, - 'wood'.", "It is often used in combination with other words, as in Uhrenholdt (ancient holt, a Danish last name taken from that of an estate) or Älghult ( älghult elk), holt a village and the site of a small-art glass factory In, Smaland. småland sweden This page or section lists people with the surname Holt (surname) . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link.", "English, North German, Danish, and Norwegian: topographic name for someone who lived in or by a small wood, Middle English, Middle Low German, Danish, Norwegian holt, or a habitational name from one of the very many places named with this word. ", "| Share. Save Name. Last name origins & meanings: 1 English, North German, Danish, and Norwegian: topographic name for someone who lived in or by a small wood, Middle English, Middle Low German, Danish, Norwegian holt, or a habitational name from one of the very many places named with this word. ", "Holt is a surname and placename, of Proto-Germanic origin and meaning a small wood or grove of trees. It derives from the Old English word holt and is a near-synonym of wold (from Old English wald), originally denoting a forested upland. This page or section lists people with the surname Holt (surname) . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link.", "Holt /holt/ [1 syll.] as a boys' name is pronounced holt. It is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Holt is woods, forest . Holt is an unusual given name for men but a very prominent surname for both adults and children (#329 out of 150436, Top 1%)." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt_(surname)", "http://www.cryptoman.com/holtpage.htm", "http://www.cryptoman.com/holtpage.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt_(surname)", "http://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=holt", "http://genealogy.familyeducation.com/surname-origin/holt", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt_(surname)", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Holt" ] }

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[ "$2,500 to $5,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Replacing an old oil-fired furnace with a new one typically costs $2,000-$5,000 for a simple installation of a basic model, but it can cost $6,000-$10,000 or more for a larger, more energy-efficient unit with a difficult installation, such as a complex floor plan or hard-to-reach ductwork. 1 Many contractors include getting the proper permits and inspections as part of the installation process, but might bill for these fees separately. 2 Replacing an old oil-fired furnace with a higher-efficiency model may require installing a new chimney liner for $700-$1,800.", "The average cost to install a new furnace is $3,602. As always, the price largely depends on the efficiency and size of your furnace, as well as its heat source. We have seen homeowners spend as little as $1,500 on a new furnace or as much as $7,000. However, know that most homeowners pay between $3,200 and $4,420. ", "1 Oil furnace cost is roughly $2,500 to $5,000 installed, but similar to gas furnace prices, it’s not unheard of to spend $10,000+. 2 The average propane furnace cost is $3,000 to $6,000 installed. 3 Again, though, costs could reach or exceed $10,000. 1 The typical gas furnace cost is $3,000 to $6,000 installed, although higher efficiency models and/or complex installations could push the cost up to $7,500 to $10,000 or more. 2 ", "1 Replacing an old furnace with a high-efficiency new one can also require installing a chimney liner for about $300 -$700 for a gas furnace or $700 -$1,800 for a fuel oil model. 2 If needed, make sure this is included in all estimates. 1 A building/mechanical permit is usually required to replace a furnace. 2 Permit and inspection fees are typically about $50-$300, but can cost more in some locations. 3 Many contractors include getting the proper permits and inspections as part of the installation process, but might bill for these fees separately.", "Natural-gas options. Installing a gas conversion burner on your existing oil furnace will cost around $1,000, but will have little or no impact on the efficiency of the unit. A gas conversion burner also may be leased from the gas company for $4.20 per month. If it was built before 1970, you may want to replace the furnace entirely rather than retrofit it with a gas conversion or flame-retention burner. Replacing a pre-1970 furnace with a new oil-fired unit with a combustion efficiency of 80 percent to 85 percent can reduce your consumption by as much as 30 percent.", "This simple device can save 15 percent on heating-oil use. New burners cost around $700 and rebuilt burners are available for $350. For more information on how to improve the efficiency of your oil heating system contact Ed Besch at the Oil Heat Institute, 548-1500. If it was built before 1970, you may want to replace the furnace entirely rather than retrofit it with a gas conversion or flame-retention burner. Replacing a pre-1970 furnace with a new oil-fired unit with a combustion efficiency of 80 percent to 85 percent can reduce your consumption by as much as 30 percent.", "If you’re going to the cost and trouble of switching out an oil furnace for something new, a geothermal heat pump may cost more ($7,500 and up) than a new gas heating system but will save big bucks and emissions in the long run. ", "1 Replacing an old oil-fired furnace with a higher-efficiency model may require installing a new chimney liner for $700-$1,800. 1 Many contractors include getting the proper permits and inspections as part of the installation process, but might bill for these fees separately. 2 ", "In addition to change outs, we have detailed sections on each page about furnace repair costs with labor estimates and parts replacement on the most common services and repairs. The average cost of a new furnace, not including central air, is $1,950 to $5800. I understand how far apart that wide range is to many people looking for an average cost. The Furnace Price Guide is a here to answer your questions about the installation cost of new or replacement gas furnaces, oil furnaces, electric air handler furnaces for your home.", "1 Replacing an oil-fired furnace in a central heating system starts typically costs $2,000-$5,000 for a basic installation, but can reach $6,000-$10,000 or more for complex installations. 1 A building/mechanical permit is usually required to replace a furnace. 2 Permit and inspection fees are typically about $50-$300, but can cost more in some locations. 3 Many contractors include getting the proper permits and inspections as part of the installation process, but might bill for these fees separately." ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/oil-furnace.html", "http://www.improvenet.com/a/how-much-does-a-furnace-cost", "http://www.costowl.com/home-improvement/hvac-furnace-replacement-cost.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/furnace.html", "http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19910127&slug=1262896", "http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19910127&slug=1262896", "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/oil-versus-natural-gas-home-heating/", "http://home.costhelper.com/oil-furnace.html", "http://www.furnacepriceguides.com/", "http://home.costhelper.com/furnace.html" ] }

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[ "The Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Progressive Movement. The Progressive Movement was an effort to cure many of the ills of American society that had developed during the great spurt of industrial growth in the last quarter of the 19th century.", "The Progressive movement was a turn-of-the-century political movement interested in furthering social and political reform, curbing political corruption caused by political machines, and limiting the political influence of large corporations.", "Answered by The Community. Making the world better, one answer at a time. The Progressive Movement was an effort to cure many of the ills of American society that had developed during the great spurt of industrial growth in the last quarter of the 19th century.", "American progressive reform was driven by a loose-knit group of individuals who were focused on social and governmental change. They organized politically in 1912 to support the Progressive Party ticket of Theodore Roosevelt and again in 1924 to push the independent presidential candidacy of Robert LaFollette.", "In the 21st century, progressives continue to embrace concepts such as environmentalism and social justice. Social progressivism, the view that governmental practices ought to be adjusted as society evolves, forms the ideological basis for many American progressives.", "Background The Progressive Movement (1901-1917) was initiated as a response to political and corporate abuses at the turn of the Twentieth Century.", "The Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to 1920s. The main objective of the Progressive movement was eliminating corruption in government. The movement primarily targeted political machines and their bosses.", "Progressivism in the United States is a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century and is generally considered to be middle class and reformist in nature." ], "url": [ "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1061.html", "http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/ip/108646.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_Progressive_Reform_Movement", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-examples-of-progressive-reform.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States", "http://regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/reform/progressive.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" ] }

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[ "Karl Benz" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In 1886 the first petrol or gasoline powered automobile the Benz Patent-Motorwagen was invented by Karl Benz. This is also considered to be the first production vehicle as Benz made several identical copies. The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences. In 1768, the first steam powered automobile capable of human transportation was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot.", "Karl Benz is the god father of all gasoline powered cars. He is widely recognized by the automobile history today. Before this, the first steam powered car was invented by Ferdinand Verbiest and it is said that the first ever car was made in China. Here by we have compile a list below for easier reading.", "The history of the automobile is very rich and dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci was creating designs and models for transport vehicles. There are many different types of automobiles-steam, electric, and gasoline-as well as countless styles. Exactly who invented the automobile is a matter of opinion. If we had to give credit to one inventor, it would probably be Karl Benz from Germany. Many suggest that he created the first true automobile in 1885/1886. Below is a table of some automobile firsts, compiled from information in Leonard Bruno's book Science and Technology Firsts (Detroit, c1997) and About.com's History of the Automobile.", "In 1807, Francois François isaac De rivaz designed the first car powered by an internal combustion engine fueled by. Hydrogen in 1886 the first petrol or gasoline powered automobile The Benz-Patent motorwagen was invented By Karl. benz The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences. In 1768, the first steam powered automobile capable of human transportation was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot.", "In 1885 Karl Benz (Mercedes-Benz) invented what is now considered to be the first automobile, though Henry Ford is widely credited for bringing the car to the masses when he … perfected the concept of the assembly line and being able to mass produce them in the early 1900's. The first car was invented in the year of 1769 by a French man named Nicolas Joseph Cugnot, who build it under his instructions in the Paris Arsenal by Mechanic Brezin. The ca … r only had 3 wheels and was used to carry heavy artilary during war. The car could go up to about 22 miles per hour and was powered by steam", "The other person who has been credited as the inventor of the car is Gottlieb Daimler but Benz was the one to get his design patented first. Later both of them merged their companies as Daimler-Benz, the company which manufactures the brand cars; Mercedes Benz. Nicholas Cugnot was the one to design and build the first car that was self propelled in 1769 which had three wheels. A Swiss inventor, Francois Isaac Rivaz, designed and invented the first car that used the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel, the car with an internal combustion engine in the year 1806.", "by Tomo · January 19, 2011. The first car which was steam powered was invented by Ferdinand Verbiest in 1672 in China. Nicholas Cugnot was the one to design and build the first car that was self propelled in 1769 which had three wheels. A Swiss inventor, Francois Isaac Rivaz, designed and invented the first car that used the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel, the car with an internal combustion engine in the year 1806. The car was not successful. It was in the year 1885 that a car run by gasoline was designed and built by Karl Benz, in Germany", "The first carriage-sized automobile suitable for use on existing wagon roads in the United States was a steam powered vehicle invented in 1871, by Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin. The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences. In 1768, the first steam powered automobile capable of human transportation was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot.", "In that year, German inventor Karl Benz built the Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars did not become widely available until the early 20th century. One of the first cars that was accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. In 1893, the first running, gasoline-powered American car was built and road-tested by the Duryea brothers of Springfield, Massachusetts. The first public run of the Duryea Motor Wagon took place on 21 September 1893, on Taylor Street in Metro Center Springfield." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile", "http://www.malaysiaminilover.com/first-car-invented", "http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/auto.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_the_first_car_invented", "http://www.whoinvented.org/who-invented-first-car/", "http://www.whoinvented.org/who-invented-first-car/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car" ] }

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[ "A squint is a condition where the eyes do not look together in the same direction. Whilst one eye looks straight ahead, the other eye turns to point inwards, outwards, upwards or downwards." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "I'm a guy and in just about every single picture of me my eyes look squinty, yet in the flesh i've actually been complimented for having big eeys a few times, and my eyes certainly don't look squinty when i look in the mirror. ", "Okay, So don't worry about it. Alot of people have squinty eyes in their photos.... just because of peoples cheeks when the smile. Anyways. people look cute when their eyes squint. Also, i dont think it's as bad as you think. It's pretty normal for that to happen. I donno why but they just do..i'm mexican with slanted eyes I'm not sure why but a lot of my mexican chicas as well. Do most people eyes get squinty looking when they smile?? I want to know so that i can find a way to not squint when I do smile.", "What is Squint. Squint is a misalignment of the two eyes so that both the eyes are not looking in the same direction. This misalignment may be constant, being present throughout the day, or it may appear sometimes and the rest of the time the eyes may be straight. It is a common condition among children. It may also occur in adults. A squint may be classified and described in different ways. For example: By the direction of the squinting (turning) eye: 1 An eye that turns inwards is called an esotropia. 2 An eye that turns outwards is called an exotropia. 3 An eye that turns upwards is called a hypertropia", "Look after your eyes » Eye conditions » Squint. Squint (also known as strabismus) is a condition that arises because of an incorrect balance of the muscles that move the eye, faulty nerve signals to the eye muscles and focusing faults (usually long sight). 1 This can happen in either eye and the misalignment can be in any direction. 2 A squint may occur for a number of reasons. 3 Sometimes, one or more of the muscles that move the eyes is in the wrong place. 4 Sometimes the muscles do not work as they should.", "1 A “squint” or “strabismus” occurs when the two eyes are misaligned. 2 This can happen in either eye and the misalignment can be in any direction. 3 A squint may occur for a number of reasons. 4 Sometimes, one or more of the muscles that move the eyes is in the wrong place. 5 Sometimes the muscles do not work as they should. 1 This can happen in either eye and the misalignment can be in any direction. 2 A squint may occur for a number of reasons. 3 Sometimes, one or more of the muscles that move the eyes is in the wrong place. 4", "my eyes squint too sorta when i smile and im black dont try to not do it when you smile, its just the way you are :] haha its like dimples, i have dimples when i smile and ive tried to smile without but it just makes me looks weird your fine :]. I donno why but they just do..i'm mexican with slanted eyes I'm not sure why but a lot of my mexican chicas as well. Do most people eyes get squinty looking when they smile?? I want to know so that i can find a way to not squint when I do smile.", "Sometimes surgery is needed to correct the appearance of a squint. A squint is a condition where the eyes do not look together in the same direction. Whilst one eye looks straight ahead, the other eye turns to point inwards, outwards, upwards or downwards. Squints are common and affect about 1 in 20 children. You might even spot that your baby has a squint. The medical name for squint is strabismus. It is a condition where the eyes do not look in the same direction. Whilst one eye looks forwards to focus on an object, the other eye turns either inwards, outwards, upwards or downwards. Most squints occur in young children.", "1 Normally, the two eyes point in the same direction. 2 A “squint” or “strabismus” occurs when the two eyes are misaligned. 3 This can happen in either eye and the misalignment can be in any direction. 4 A squint may occur for a number of reasons. 5 Sometimes, one or more of the muscles that move the eyes is in the wrong place. 1 This can happen in either eye and the misalignment can be in any direction. 2 A squint may occur for a number of reasons. 3 Sometimes, one or more of the muscles that move the eyes is in the wrong place. 4 Sometimes the muscles do not work as they should." ], "url": [ "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090807122302AAzRd5i", "https://nz.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080620180837AA7mijf", "http://eyerobics.com.au/squint.html", "http://lookafteryoureyes.org/eye-conditions/squint/", "http://lookafteryoureyes.org/eye-conditions/squint/", "https://nz.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080620180837AA7mijf", "http://patient.info/health/squint-strabismus-in-children", "http://lookafteryoureyes.org/eye-conditions/squint/" ] }

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[ "A musical based on a book written by Christopher Isherwood, music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Today, cabaret is its own, identifiable art form, distinctive from musical theatre, nightclub singing, or a concert. The most essential elements of cabaret are simple: a performer in a small room with an audience at close range, seated around cozy tables, with the performer mere feet from the audience. ", "Cabaret. Cabaret is a musical based on the Christopher Isherwood novella ‘Goodbye to Berlin’, and the Druten play ‘I am a Camera’. The show is set in a nightclub in 1930s Berlin just as the Nazi party begin to rise to power. Featuring music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb, the show has been revived countless times in both London and New York, but is perhaps most well known for the 1972 film adaptation which starred Liza Minelli. The show has gone through various re-writes, with new songs added for each new production", "Cabaret is a musical based on the Christopher Isherwood novella ‘Goodbye to Berlin’, and the Druten play ‘I am a Camera’. Featuring music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb, the show has been revived countless times in both London and New York, but is perhaps most well known for the 1972 film adaptation which starred Liza Minelli. The show has gone through various re-writes, with new songs added for each new production", "Cabaret is a musical based on a book written by Christopher Isherwood, music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb. The 1966 Broadway production became a hit, inspiring numerous subsequent productions in London and New York, as well as the 1972 film by the same name. The most recent recording of Cabaret is the cast recording of the 2006/2007 London revival at the Lyric Theatre. The recording includes James Dreyfus as emcee and Anna Maxwell Martin as Sally Bowles.", "1896 advertisement for a tour of the first French cabaret show, Le Chat Noir. Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation or drama. It is mainly distinguished by the performance venue, such as in a restaurant, pub or nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or drinking, does not typically dance but usually sits at tables", "CABARET. Musical in 2 acts. Book by Joe Masteroff: Based on the play I Am A Camera by John van Druten and The Berlin Stories by Christopher Isherwood. Music by John Kander, Lyrics by Fred Ebb. Broadway production directed by Harold Prince. Produced for the Broadway Stage by Harold Prince" ], "url": [ "http://www.thecabaret.org/cabaret/what-cabaret/", "http://www.musicalheaven.com/c/cabaret/", "http://www.musicalheaven.com/c/cabaret/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret_(musical)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret", "http://guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_c/cabaret.htm" ] }

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[ "$886" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "In some cases, an MRI can produce clearer images than an X-ray or CT scan. Most MRIs are typically covered by health insurance when deemed medically necessary. If deductibles are met, typical out-of-pocket cost consists of copays of $20-$100 for the doctor visit and for the procedure.", "It's very similar to the two MRI facilities in Dallas. Facility A cost for an MRI is only $1,785 while Facility B's cost is $2,199. A difference of $414. It's like this in every city around the US. Imagine how much money you could save if you called a few more facilities and asked them what they charge for an MRI. It's up to you to make sure you get the best price.", "1 Here, the average cost of an MRI ranges around $1,694 to $3,624. 2 The average cost in Salt Lake City is $1,694, while a similar procedure costs around $3,624 in Dallas. 3 The average cost of MRI is $2,229 in Orlando, $2,826 in San Diego, $2, 199 in New York, $2,502 in Omaha, $3,461 in Detroit, and $3,001 in Raleigh.", "(Many other low cost Texas imaging center locations) Abilene, Carrolton, Cleburne, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, Humble, Longview, Plano, San Antonio, Sherman Low Cost Cheap Discount Texas MRI $380 total price Low Cost Cheap Discount Texas CT Scan $270 total price We Care Medical Mall, Inc Save time.", "1 A spinal MRI is used to find various spinal problems, including nerve damage or tumors. 2 It typically costs $1,000-$5,000, depending on the part of the spine being scanned and whether the procedure is performed in a hospital or physician's office.", "Our insurance gave us an EOB yesterday the MRI is going to cost us $2700.00 and the contrast dye was $600.00 so in total a 45 minute brain MRI with contrast dye at Aurora St. Lukes in Milwaukee, WI is $3300.00 with Allegiance Medical Insurance.", "1 On average, the cost of a full body MRI ranges from $200 to $3,500 depending on where you go and what you get. 2 An MRI costs, on average, is around $1,000 to $3,000.", "$450. A Brain MRI costs $886 in Dallas when you take the median price of the 192 medical providers who perform Brain MRI procedures in the Dallas, TX area." ], "url": [ "http://health.costhelper.com/mri.html", "http://comparemricost.com/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/full-body-mri-cost/", "http://wecaremedicalmall.org/texas_mri_-_ct.htm", "http://health.costhelper.com/mri.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/mri.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/full-body-mri-cost/", "http://www.newchoicehealth.com/places/texas/dallas/mri/brain-mri" ] }

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[ "My own meadow" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Personal experiences with the name Ainsley: | Edit. Share what you know! Nicknames for Ainsley: | Edit. Share what you know! Meanings and history of the name Ainsley: | Edit. Transferred from the Scottish surname, which is derived from Aegen's and leah, an Old English word meaning meadow, field, enclosure..", "English Meaning: The name Ainsley is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Ainsley is: Derived from the Brittish Nottinghamshire place name of Annesley. From Ann's meadow. From the awe inspiring one's meadow.", "Meanings and history of the name Ainsley : | Edit. means meadow in gaelic. From a surname which was from a place name: either Annesley in Nottinghamshire or Ansley in Warwickshire. ---------------------. My name is Ainsley and i love my name, its so unique and not many other people have that name.I kind of didn't like it when i was younger because i thought i was the odd one out with the weird name but now i think its a beautiful name and i wouldn't like or suit any other name.", "Origin of the name Ainsley: Transferred use of the Scottish surname taken from the place-name Ainsley, which is derived from the name element Æne'æne s Ægen'aegen ægen s And The old (english, lēah, wood, clearing). Meadow Enclosure From a World Of baby Names By. teresa norman ---------------------. My name is Ainsley and i love my name, its so unique and not many other people have that name.I kind of didn't like it when i was younger because i thought i was the odd one out with the weird name but now i think its a beautiful name and i wouldn't like or suit any other name.", "Meaning & History. From a surname which was from a place name: either Annesley in Nottinghamshire or Ansley in Warwickshire. The place names themselves mean either Anne's field or hermitage field from Old English ansetl hermitage and leah field. Related Names.", "Meaning of Ainsley. English name. In English, the name Ainsley means-my own meadow.The name Ainsley originated as an English name. The name Ainsley is a unisex name and can be used for a boy or girl name (male or female). English Name Meaning-my own meadow. Origin-England", "Origin of the name Ainsley: Transferred use of the Scottish surname taken from the place-name Ainsley, which is derived from the name element Æne'æne s Ægen'aegen ægen s And The old (english, lēah, wood, clearing). meadow enclosure ---------------------. My name is Ainsley and i love my name, its so unique and not many other people have that name.I kind of didn't like it when i was younger because i thought i was the odd one out with the weird name but now i think its a beautiful name and i wouldn't like or suit any other name.", "Ainsley /ains-ley/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name (also used less widely as boys' name Ainsley) is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Ainsley is only hermitage wood or clearing. Originally a place name: from Annesley or Ansley. Ainsley is an uncommon first name for women but a very popular surname for all people (#32609 out of 150436, Top 22%). (2000 U.S. Census). Displayed below is the baby name popularity of Ainsley for girls. Ainsley was first listed in 2001 and reached its apex rank of #332 in the U.S. in 2013, and is at #334 presently.", "Ainsley /ains-ley/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name (also used more regularly as girls' name Ainsley) is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Ainsley is only hermitage wood or clearing. Originally a place name: either Annesley or Ansley. Ainsley has 1 feminine form: Ansley. Ainsley is an uncommonly occurring first name for males but a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#32609 out of 150436, Top 22%)." ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/ainsley", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/ainsley", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/ainsley", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/ainsley", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/ainsley", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/english-names/ainsley.asp", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/ainsley", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Ainsley", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Ainsley" ] }

[]

[ "The Bandog also known as Bandogge is the generic name for any Bulldog Type Mastiff breed." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "HISTORY. It was later in its history that the dog became known as the Bandog or “ Bandogge” due, of course, to the fact that the dog did not exist under some other name like: Killer Hound, War dogs, Molossus, Mastiff, Mastyue, Villaticus, Cathenarius, Bulldogs, Dogue the Force Race and Engelsen Doguen. ", "Description. The name Bandogge is a catch-all term for any Bulldog-type Mastiff breed. Boasting prominent muscles and a study frame, the American Bandogge Mastiff gives off an athletic and agile look. The American Bandogge Mastiff breed is thanks in most part to two American mastiff breeders. In the 1960s, veterinarian John Swinford wanted to breed the ultimate guardian dog. His efforts were the result of crossing a male American Pit Bull Terrier with a Neapolitan Mastiff female.", "We've put together the following Bandogge breed information and facts to create a profile of this dog so you have the critical information necessary to make a decision. Bandogge. The Bandogge, or Bandog, has a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Origin. Bandogge is a generic term used to describe a Bulldog-Mastiff cross. The Bandogge can represent a cross between the American Pit Bull Terrier and Neapolitan Mastiff, English Mastiff and American Pit Bull Terrier, American Bulldog and Mastiff, or Pit Bull Terrier and Bullmastiff. ", "The popularity of the name Bandog itself was revived in the mid-1960s when a veterinarian John B. Swinford selected quality specimens of specific foundation breeds to create what he considered to be the ultimate guard dog, a breed known as the Swinford Bandog. (or Swinford Bandogge). History [edit]. The original Bandogs were bred with a functional purpose, as were all working breeds, and for the Bandog this purpose revolved around guarding and protecting. The Bandogs of old were strictly working dogs, often of various crosses and various sizes.", "•The term Bandog (also known as Bandogge) originated around 1250-1300 in Middle England, referring to a mastiff type dog that was bound by a chain during the daytime and was released at night to guard against intruders. This type of dog is derived from American pit bull terriers and Neopolitan mastiffs. As of this time, it is really a concept of crossing a mastiff type breed with a bulldog type breed for a specific rational and hopefully working purpose. If you cross a pit mutt to a mastif mutt because the outcome is looks then in my opinion it is not a bandog it is a mutt.", "The Bandog also known as Bandogge is the generic name for any Bulldog Type Mastiff breed. The Bandog has a very prominent musculature and an angulation that gives the dog a very athletic look.The Bandog breed is a combination of dignity and courage; calm and affectionate to its master, but capable of protection. This particular Bandog-type breed is an extremely capable guard.", "Description. The word Bandogge is the generic name for any Bulldog-type Mastiff breed. The Bandogge has a very prominent musculature and an angulation that gives the dog a very athletic and agile look. Most are black brindle but others colors include black, blue, red and tawny. Mr. Vegas the Bandogge Mastiff at 4 years old. Diesel the American Bandogge at 2 years old. This is my boy Mr. Yanyeroo at 10 months old. He's very affectionate with a good temperament; a nice-looking dog who loves to play outdoors.", "Today there are many versions of the modern day Bandog, and as a result the Bandog today lacks a unified breed standard or direction. For these reasons, there is typically little or nothing in common between the modern Bandog programs and Dr. Swinford's program other than the Bandog name itself. History [edit]. The original Bandogs were bred with a functional purpose, as were all working breeds, and for the Bandog this purpose revolved around guarding and protecting. The Bandogs of old were strictly working dogs, often of various crosses and various sizes.", "Despite what some people may advertise, a Bandog is not a pure bred breed; it is a purpose bred, mixed breed working dog. The concept of the Bandog, a cross between Bull breeds and Mastiffs, is not a new. ", "Mr. Vegas the Bandogge Mastiff at 4 years old— Mr. Vegas is my best friend. He's exactly what an American Bandogge is: loyal, obedient and protective with those guard dog instincts. He won first place in the Bully Breed class at the Bully Palooza Dog Show in March 2012. He has produced some beautiful offspring. We are so proud of him. Mr. Vegas the Bandogge Mastiff at 4 years old. Diesel the American Bandogge at 2 years old. This is my boy Mr. Yanyeroo at 10 months old. He's very affectionate with a good temperament; a nice-looking dog who loves to play outdoors." ], "url": [ "http://www.orebaregistry.com/stand-ambanmas.php", "http://www.terrificpets.com/dog_breeds/American_Bandogge_Mastiff.asp", "http://www.animaroo.com/dog-breeds/bandogges.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandog", "http://www.gopitbull.com/general-discussion/33460-what-bandog.html", "http://www.eastcoastbandogs.com/history-of-bandogs.html", "http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/americanbandoggemastiff.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandog", "http://castleofpresa.com/article_bandog.html", "http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/americanbandoggemastiff.htm" ] }

[]

[ "It is a term for news, gossip, fun, entertainment, and enjoyable conversation, particularly prominent in Ireland." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It is often used with the definite article – the craic. The word has an unusual history; the English crack was borrowed into Irish as craic in the mid-20th century and the Irish spelling was then reborrowed into English. Under either spelling, the term has great cultural currency and significance in Ireland. At first the craic form was uncommon outside of Irish, even in an Irish context. Barney Rush's 1960s song The Crack Was Ninety in the Isle of Man does not use the Irish-language spelling, neither is it used in Christy Moore 's 1978 version.", "Best Answer: Irish word for fun/enjoyment that has been brought into the English language. usu. when mixed with alcohol and/or music. 'Bhi craic agus ceol againn' : We had fun and music. Fun doesn't really cut it though. General banter, good times had by all. Also, a person who is good fun/great company. It was great craic. She's great craic when she gets going. He's great craic when he has a few pints on him", "Craic (pronoucned crack) is a Gaelic term which essentially translates into a good time.. The term is commonly used in reference to gatherings and parties where there is … singing, dancing, drinking, and general joviality. To have had a good craic is to say you had lots of fun. It is a recent modification of the spelling of crack to give it an Irish appearance. There never was historically a word craic which meant fun or enjoyment in the Gaelic language.", "Although it's become increasingly associated with the Irish sense of fun, the craic is not originally an Irish language term, said Carmel McColgan, a native of Donegal in Ireland's Ulster province. She now teaches at Fayetteville-Manlius High School (and has taught Irish in her spare time). The craic kind of encapsulates a bunch of things, but it's primarily fun, the social aspect of the thing, said Sean Rooney, a native of County Sligo in Ireland who now works in Syracuse for Empire Merchants, a wine distributor.", "True craic requires lively conversation and good times, in the best of company. Craic is usually associated with Irish pubs, but alcohol is not a necessary ingredient, to experience the social essence of craic. Music, on the other hand, is widely known to enhance the craic. A speaker’s meaning, when using the word craic, is totally dependent on phrasing", "Craic (/kraek/ KRæK), krak or , crack is a term for, news, gossip, fun, entertainment and enjoyable, conversation particularly prominent In. Ireland it is often used with the definite – article the. craic At first the craic form was uncommon outside of Irish, even in an Irish context. Barney Rush's 1960s song The Crack Was Ninety in the Isle of Man does not use the Irish-language spelling, neither is it used in Christy Moore 's 1978 version.", "Now, 'craic' is interpreted as a specifically and quintessentially Irish form of fun. The adoption of the Gaelic spelling has reinforced the sense that this is an independent word (homophone) rather than a separate sense of the original word (polysemy). At first the craic form was uncommon outside of Irish, even in an Irish context. Barney Rush's 1960s song The Crack Was Ninety in the Isle of Man does not use the Irish-language spelling, neither is it used in Christy Moore 's 1978 version.", "Craic. Craic, or crack, is a term for news, gossip, fun, entertainment, and enjoyable conversation, particularly prominent in Ireland. It is often used with the definite article – the craic. Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: craic (Noun). fun, especially through enjoyable company, a pleasant conversation. Origin: Reborrowed from English crack, in turn from crak.", "Craic. Crack or craic is fun, enjoyment, abandonment, or lighthearted mischief; often in the context of drinking or music. This sense of the word crack is found in Irish English, Scottish English, and Geordie as well as Mackem in North East England. In Ireland the spelling craic is now more common than crack. Irish word for fun/enjoyment that has been brought into the English language. usu. when mixed with alcohol and/or music. 'Bhi craic agus ceol againn' : We had fun and music. Fun doesn't really cut it though. General banter, good times had by all. Also, a person who is good fun/great company." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craic", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080925092540AAPbJgR", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_irish_word_craic_mean", "http://www.syracuse.com/drinks/index.ssf/2015/03/what_is_the_craic_its_an_irish.html", "http://www.irishamericanmom.com/2011/10/26/why-the-irish-love-a-bit-of-craic/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craic", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craic", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/craic", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Craic" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Your investment in a college education may have a strong impact on your salary upon graduation. While high school graduates with no college education collect an average weekly salary of $583, that figure jumps nearly fifteen percent to $670 for associate degree holders.", "1 You can also take a four year program, and graduate with a bachelors degree. 2 Stay away from eight week or six month programs. 3 Not only do they not prepare you adequately for a career as an ultrasound technician, but it will hardly matter as you will not be competitive in the job market.", "Ultrasound technologists should complete an accredited training program. Depending on the program, it can take anywhere from one to four years to complete. Accredited ultrasound programs can be found at community colleges (a two-year associate’s degree) or four-year institutions (a bachelor’s degree). Accredited certificate programs are also available for people who have previous healthcare degrees and usually take 12 to 15 months.", "In addition, the ARDMS asks for twelve months of full-time clinical ultrasound/vascular experience. If you use your DMS program for the educational requirement, you still have to document an additional twelve months of clinical ultrasound/vascular experience earned outside the two-year program.", "3. Earn a great salary. Your ultrasound technician training will qualify you for a job with great salary potential. According to the 2014 data from Salary.com, the middle 50 percent of ultrasound technicians earn between $62,037 and $74,566.", "Most sonographers take a two or four year college program to become accredited or they learn in-house on the job. If you have a degree in nursing, for example, you might be offered the chance to learn ultrasound technology as well. This is a wonderful way to increase your pay and your resume.", "1 Two-year programs are the most popular, and when you complete the two years (one to one and a half years if you have taken many of the prerequisite courses), you will earn an associate's degree. 2 You can also take a four year program, and graduate with a bachelors degree. 3 Stay away from eight week or six month programs.", "An ultrasound technician is a very valuable job in the world of health care. Also called a diagnostic medical sonographer, an ultrasound tech uses special machines and equipment that operate on sound waves to determine or diagnose medical problems for patients.", "Ultrasound technologists (also known as diagnostic medical sonographers) have the knowledge and responsibility to perform ultrasound examinations utilizing a technology that creates detailed and dynamic images of the body’s internal organs using high frequency sound waves." ], "url": [ "http://onlineultrasoundschool.com/what-degree-should-an-ultrasound-technician-have/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Become-an-Ultrasound-Technician", "http://www.innerbody.com/careers-in-health/guide-to-becoming-ultrasound-technologist.html", "http://onlineultrasoundschool.com/what-degree-should-an-ultrasound-technician-have/", "http://www.allalliedhealthschools.com/health-careers/medical-imaging/ultrasound-technician-training/", "http://ultrasoundtechnicianexpert.com/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Become-an-Ultrasound-Technician", "http://ultrasoundtechnicianexpert.com/", "http://www.innerbody.com/careers-in-health/guide-to-becoming-ultrasound-technologist.html" ] }

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[ "The parietal lobe is located near the center of the brain, behind the frontal lobe, in front of the occipital lobe, and above the temporal lobe." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Right behind the central sulcus and the front portion of the parietal lobe is the post central gyrus, the secondary somatosensory cortical region. Separating this and the back part of parietal cortex is the post central sulcus. The back portion of parietal cortex has further divisions. They are: The structure of parietal lobe can be segregated into 3 different parts: 1 The Central Sulcus: The central sulcus divides the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe. 2 The Parieto-Occipital Sulcus: It divides the parietal and occipital lobes and. 3 The Lateral Sulcus: It separates parietal from the temporal lobe.", "Definition-Parietal Lobe. Parietal Lobe-located behind the frontal cortex (and central sulcus); involved in perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. Your name: *. Home › Definition-Parietal Lobe ›. Parietal Lobe-located behind the frontal cortex (and central sulcus); involved in perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.", "Parietal lobe. The parietal lobe is located near the center of the brain, behind the frontal lobe, in front of the occipital lobe, and above the temporal lobe. The parietal lobe contains an area known as the primary sensory area. This is where impulses from the skin, such as warmth, cold, pain, and touch, are interpreted. ", "Location: Upper, back part of the cortexFunction: Processes sensory information that had to do with taste, temperature, and touch. The parietal lobe carries out some very specific functions. As a part of the cortex, it has a lot of responsibilities and has to be able to process sensory information within seconds. The parietal lobe is where information such as taste, temperature and touch are integrated, or processed", "The temporal lobe is located on the bottom of the brain below the lateral fissure. This lobe is also the location of the primary auditory cortex, which is important for interpreting the sounds and the language we hear. The occipital lobe is located at the back portion of the brain behind the parietal and temporal lobes. The frontal lobe is located at the front of the central sulcus where it receives information signals from other lobes of the brain. The parietal lobe processes sensory information for cognitive purposes and helps coordinate spatial relations so we can make sense of the world around us.", "The Parietal Lobe and the Occipital Lobe are the two remaining principal lobes of the brain. The parietal lobe is located behind the frontal lobes and above the temporal lobes and is shown as blue in this picture. The frontal lobes are a charcoal gray and the temporal lobes a light gray. The Occipital Lobes are located behind and beneath the Parietal Lobes and to the rear of the Temporal Lobes. The Occipital Lobes are red in this picture. The occipital lobes contain the primary visual cortex. The Occipital Lobes are divided into different functional visual areas.", "The frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain, is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain. The frontal lobe is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobe. On the lateral surface of the human brain, the central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. The lateral sulcus separates the frontal lobe from" ], "url": [ "http://symptomstreatment.org/parietal-lobe-function/", "http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/brains/definitions/def-parlobe", "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/parietal-lobe", "http://brainmadesimple.com/parietal-lobe.html", "http://www.md-health.com/Lobes-Of-The-Brain.html", "http://braininjuryhelp.com/parietal-lobes-occipital-lobes/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe" ] }

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[ "It is constipation that does not have a physical (anatomical) or physiological (hormonal or other body chemistry) cause." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This term also describes bowel movements that are hard and/or difficult or painful to pass, even if the person has bowel movements several times per week. Constipation is very common and affects about 30% of children. Soiling describes the leakage of liquid or formed stool in underwear. Over one-half of children with functional constipation and soiling recover after 6 to 24 months of closely following treatment recommendations. The treatment includes:  Medical evaluation.  Teaching for you and your child about the constipation problem.  'Clean out' if there is an impaction of stool in the rectum.", "A functional gastrointestinal disorder in which constipation predominates is called chronic functional constipation. ROME II criteria for functional constipation include at least 12 weeks, which need not be consecutive, in the preceding 12 months of two or more of: 1. Straining with over one-fourth of defecations. 4. Sensation of obstruction/blockage of the anus or rectum with over one-fourth of defecations. 5. Use of manual maneuvers to facilitate over one-fourth of defecations (e.g., using fingers around or in the rectum or vagina to help get the stool out of the rectum). 6.", "Functional constipation as a subtype of Constipation. Constipation (medical condition): Difficult or dry bowel movements. Constipation (medical condition): Constipation is any difficulty with bowel movements or unusually dry stool. It is common in children and older age, but can affect anyone. ", "Chronic constipation is a common condition that is characterized by difficult, infrequent, or perceived incomplete evacuation of bowel movements. Symptoms of constipation include having less than 3 bowel movements per week, straining, hard stools, incomplete evacuation and inability to pass stool. Chronic constipation that is not due to “secondary” causes, such as other medical conditions or medications, is referred to as “functional constipation.” The three main causes of functional constipation are normal transit constipation, slow transit constipation, and defecatory or evacuation disorders.", "Functional Constipation. Pathogenesis and Management. Constipation is a very common clinical problem, and a questionnaire-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, demonstrated that up to 20% of patients report symptoms consistent with functional constipation. Approximately 40% of such patients have historic evidence of needing to strain excessively to evacuate the bowel. Second, it is important to identify evacuation disorders because a biofeedback treatment program with muscle relaxation of anal sphincters and the puborectalis can result in a 70% or greater cure rate for the", "Second, it is possible to have chronic functional constipation and three or more bowel movements per week. Irritable Bowel Syndrome & the MindBodySpirit Connection: 7 Steps for Living a Healthy Life with a Functional Bowel Disorder, Crohn's Disease, or Colitis (Mind-Body-Spirit Connection Series.). 4. Sensation of obstruction/blockage of the anus or rectum with over one-fourth of defecations. 5. Use of manual maneuvers to facilitate over one-fourth of defecations (e.g., using fingers around or in the rectum or vagina to help get the stool out of the rectum). 6.", "Functional constipation, known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is constipation that does not have a physical (anatomical) or physiological (hormonal or other body chemistry) cause. Chronic idiopathic Constipation is similar to constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), however people with CIC do not have other symptoms of IBS, such as abdominal pain. Diagnosing CIC can be difficult as other syndromes must be ruled out as there is no physiological cause for CIC.", "The Rome III criteria for a diagnosis of functional constipation state that patients must have experienced two or more of the following symptoms for the past three months, and that symptoms must have begun at least six months before diagnosis: 1 straining during at least one out of four bowel movements. 4. Sensation of obstruction/blockage of the anus or rectum with over one-fourth of defecations. 5. Use of manual maneuvers to facilitate over one-fourth of defecations (e.g., using fingers around or in the rectum or vagina to help get the stool out of the rectum). 6.", "Constipation is a major medical problem in the United States, affecting 2% to 28% of the population. Individual patients may have different conceptions of what constipation is, and the findings overlap with those in other functional gastrointestinal disorders. " ], "url": [ "http://www.med.umich.edu/1info/FHP/practiceguides/newconstipation/ConstipationChild.pdf", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/constipation/what-is-chronic-functional-constipation", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/functional_constipation.htm", "http://uclacns.org/patients/disease-information/chronic-constipation/", "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/717346_5", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/constipation/what-is-chronic-functional-constipation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_constipation", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/constipation/what-is-chronic-functional-constipation", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780146/" ] }

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[ "Disorders in the vocal cords of the voice box, or larynx." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Some less common causes of hoarseness include: 1 polyps (abnormal growths) on the vocal cords. 2 throat, thyroid, or lung cancer. 3 damage to the throat, such as from the insertion of a tube. 4 male adolescence (when the voice deepens). 5 poorly functioning thyroid gland. Common Underlying Causes of Hoarseness. Hoarseness is typically caused by a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract. Other common factors that can cause, contribute to, or worsen your condition include: 1 acid reflux. 2 smoking. 3 drinking caffeinated and alcoholic beverages.", "Abnormal changes in the voice are called hoarseness. When hoarse, the voice may sound breathy, raspy, strained, or show changes in volume or pitch (depending on how high or low the voice is). Voice changes are related to disorders in the sound-producing parts (vocal folds) of the voice box (larynx). Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): A possible cause of hoarseness is gastro-esophageal reflux, when stomach acid comes up the swallowing tube (esophagus) and irritates the vocal folds. Other typical symptoms of GERD include heartburn and regurgitation. Usually, the voice is worse in the morning and improves during the day.", "Hoarseness is a symptom and not a disease. It is a general term that describes abnormal voice changes. When hoarse, the voice may sound breathy, raspy, strained, or there may be changes in volume (loudness) or pitch (how high or low the voice is). ", "Hoarseness, an abnormal change in your voice, is a common condition that’s often experienced in conjunction with a dry or scratchy throat. If your voice is hoarse, you may have a raspy, weak, or airy quality to your voice that prevents you from making smooth vocal sounds. Common Underlying Causes of Hoarseness. Hoarseness is typically caused by a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract. Other common factors that can cause, contribute to, or worsen your condition include: 1 acid reflux. 2 smoking. 3 drinking caffeinated and alcoholic beverages.", "Hoarseness can be caused by a number of conditions. The most common cause of hoarseness is acute laryngitis (inflammation of the vocal cords) caused most often by an upper respiratory tract infection (usually viral), and less commonly from overuse or misuse of the voice (such as from yelling or singing). Other causes of hoarseness include: 1 benign vocal cord nodules, cysts or polyps, 2 gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), 3 allergies, 4 inhalation of respiratory tract irritants, 5 smoking, 6 thyroid problems, 7 trauma to the larynx/vocal cords, 8 neurological conditions (such as Parkinson's disease and strokes), and. 9 cancer of the larynx. 1 Hoarseness is an abnormal change in the voice. 2 The most common cause of hoarseness is acute laryngitis. 3 The underlying cause of hoarseness can usually be diagnosed by a health care professional based on the patient's history and physical exam.", "Acute Laryngitis: The most common cause is acute laryngitisswelling of the vocal folds that occurs during a common cold, upper respiratory tract viral infection, or from voice strain. Serious injury to the vocal folds can result from strenuous voice use during an episode of acute laryngitis. Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): A possible cause of hoarseness is gastro-esophageal reflux, when stomach acid comes up the swallowing tube (esophagus) and irritates the vocal folds. Other typical symptoms of GERD include heartburn and regurgitation. Usually, the voice is worse in the morning and improves during the day.", "Hoarse voice is an abnormal change in your voice caused by disorders in the vocal cords of the voice box, or larynx. The vocal cords are normally open but make sounds by coming together when you speak, sing or hum. When your voice is hoarse, it is an indication that these vibrations of the vocal folds are being hindered by mucus, swellings, obstructions or other changes in the surface of the larynx.", "Misuse of the voice, such as prolonged talking or shouting, is a common cause of hoarse voice. Other possible causes include tobacco use, marijuana use, and exposure to chemicals—even those found in some household cleansers—or pollutants. ", "Laryngitis is an inflammation of the voice box, or larynx (say LAIR-inks), that causes your voice to become raspy or hoarse. Laryngitis can be short-term or long-lasting (chronic). Most of the time, it comes on quickly and lasts no more than 2 weeks. Chronic symptoms are those that last 2 weeks or longer. " ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/hoarseness", "http://www.entnet.org/content/hoarseness", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/head-neck/diseases-conditions/hoarseness-frequently-asked-questions", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/hoarseness", "http://www.medicinenet.com/hoarseness/article.htm", "http://www.entnet.org/content/hoarseness", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/hoarse-voice", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/hoarse-voice--causes", "http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/tc/laryngitis-topic-overview" ] }

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[ "Polar bears hunt their preferred food of seals from the edge of sea ice, often living off fat reserves when no sea ice is present." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Aug 12, 2015 / 4 notes. Bear Hands are performing a free show at Taste of Saint Louis at The Chesterfield Amphitheater in Chesterfield, MO on September 19. Learn more HERE. #Bear Hands #Bear Hands Band #Chesterfield #Missouri #MO #St Louis #Taste of Saint Louis #Saint Louis #Chesterfield Amphitheatre. ", "The English word bear comes from Old English bera and belongs to a family of names for the bear in Germanic languages that originate from an adjective meaning brown . In Scandinavia, the word for bear is bjoern (björn or), bjoern bjørn and is a relatively common given name. for males The IUCN lists six bear species as vulnerable or endangered, and even least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing.", "That connected bears with President Roosevelt. The Teddy Bear tie came when a Brooklyn, NY candy shop owner, Morris Michtom, saw Clifford Berryman’s original cartoon of Roosevelt and the bear and had an idea. He put in his shop window two stuffed toy bears his wife had made. Michtom asked permission from President Roosevelt to call these toy bears Teddy's bears", "1 bear. noun, often attributive \\ˈber\\. Tweet. : any one of a group of large and heavy animals that have thick hair and sharp claws and that can stand on two legs like a person. finance: a person who expects the price of stocks to go down and who sells them to avoid losing money. : something that is difficult to do or deal with. plural bears. Full Definition of BEAR. 1. or plural bear: any of a family (Ursidae of the order Carnivora) of large heavy mammals of America and Eurasia that have long shaggy hair, rudimentary tails, and plantigrade feet and feed largely on fruit, plant matter, and insects as well as on flesh. 2.", "The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a carnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is a large bear, approximately the same size as the omnivorous Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi). In Russian, it is usually called бе́лый медве́дь (belyj bélyj, medvedj medvédj the), white bear though an older word still in use (Is, ошку́й oshkuj oshkúj which Comes from, the). Komi Oski, bear in french the polar bear is referred to (as ours) blanc white bear (or ours). polair", "Polar bears hunt their preferred food of seals from the edge of sea ice, often living off fat reserves when no sea ice is present. The polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species, with eight of the nineteen polar bear subpopulations in decline. For decades, large scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect. In Russian, it is usually called бе́лый медве́дь (belyj bélyj, medvedj medvédj the), white bear though an older word still in use (Is, ошку́й oshkuj oshkúj which Comes from, the). Komi Oski, bear in french the polar bear is referred to (as ours) blanc white bear (or ours). polair", "Bear Hands is an American post-punk and indie rock band consisting of Dylan Rau (vocals and guitar), Val Loper (bass), Ted Feldman (guitar), and TJ Orscher (drums). Hailing from Brooklyn, New York, and formed in 2006, the band signed with Cantora Records in 2010 upon the release of its single, What a Drag. After releasing their debut LP Burning Bush Supper Club in 2010, Bear Hands toured as the opening act for Passion Pit, Gza, and We Were Promised Jetpacks.", "The Care Bears are a group of multi-colored bear characters created by American Greetings Corporation, LLC in 1981, through its Those Characters From Cleveland research and development division, for use on greeting cards. The original artwork for the cards was painted by artist Elena Kucharik. ", "Well, like bears, koalas are mammals, and they have round, fuzzy ears and look cute and cuddly, like a teddy bear. But koalas are not bears. They are members of a group of pouched animals called marsupials. Marsupials include kangaroos, wallabies, wallaroos, wombats, possums, and opossums. ", "The Proto-Indo-European (PIE) word for bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos seems to have been subject to taboo deformation or replacement in some languages (as was the word for wolf, wlkwos), resulting in the use of numerous unrelated words with meanings like brown one (English bruin) and honey-eater (Slavic medved). The IUCN lists six bear species as vulnerable or endangered, and even least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing." ], "url": [ "http://bearhandsband.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear", "http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/site/c.elKSIdOWIiJ8H/b.8684621/k.6632/Real_Teddy_Bear_Story.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bear", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bears", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bears", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Hands", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Care_Bears", "http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/koala", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear" ] }

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[ "The mediastinum is the central part of the chest cavity. It contains the heart and its major blood vessels, the esophagus, thymus, trachea, lymph nodes and major nerves.Different types of masses develop in the mediastinum, including benign and cancerous tumors", "On the chest film there is a mass that has obtuse angles with the mediastinum, so it is a mediastinal mass. The hilar vessels are seen through this mass, so it does not arise from the hilum and probably will arise from the anterior mediastinum." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The mediastinum is divided into three sections: Mediastinal tumors are benign or cancerous growths that form in the area of the chest that separates the lungs. This area, called the mediastinum, is surrounded by the breastbone in front, the spine in back, and the lungs on each side. In children, tumors are commonly found in the posterior (back) mediastinum. These mediastinal tumors often begin in the nerves and are typically benign (noncancerous). In adults, most mediastinal tumors occur in the anterior (front) mediastinum and are generally malignant (cancerous) lymphomas or thymomas.", "Masses in the anterior portion of the mediastinum can include thymoma, lymphoma, pheochromocytoma, germ cell tumors including teratoma, thyroid tissue, and parathyroid lesions. Masses in this area are more likely to be malignant than those in other compartments. (12,13,14) Treatment of mediastinal Hodgkin's involves chemotherapy and/or radiation. 5 year survival is now around 75%. (15) Large-cell type may have somewhat better prognosis. Surgery is generally not performed because of invasive nature of tumor.", "Mediastinal masses are caused by a variety of cysts and tumors; likely causes differ by patient age and by location of the mass (anterior, middle, or posterior mediastinum). The masses may be asymptomatic (in adults) or cause obstructive respiratory symptoms (in children). ", "The mediastinum is the cavity that separates the lungs from the rest of the chest. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and aorta. The mediastinum has three main parts: the anterior mediastinum (front), the middle mediastinum, and the posterior mediastinum (back). (12,13,14) Treatment of mediastinal Hodgkin's involves chemotherapy and/or radiation. 5 year survival is now around 75%. (15) Large-cell type may have somewhat better prognosis. Surgery is generally not performed because of invasive nature of tumor.", "Print. The mediastinum is the area that separates the lungs. It is surrounded by the breastbone in front and the spine in back, with the lungs on either side. It encompasses the heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus (a gland in the back of the neck) and trachea (windpipe). Middle mediastinal tumors include: 1 Bronchogenic cysts-a disease in the respiratory system. 2 Lymphadenopathy mediastinal-disease in the lymph nodes. 3 Pericardial cysts which include growths that start in the lining of the heart.", "On the chest film there is a mass that has obtuse angles with the mediastinum, so it is a mediastinal mass. The hilar vessels are seen through this mass, so it does not arise from the hilum and probably will arise from the anterior mediastinum. The anterior location was confirmed on a CT. When there is a mediastinal mass and you still can see the hilar vessels through this mass, then you know the mass does not arise from the hilum. This is known as the hilum overlay sign. Because of the geometry of the mediastinum most of these masses will be located in", "mediastinal shift a shifting or moving of the tissues and organs that comprise the mediastinum (heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus) to one side of the chest cavity. The condition occurs when a severe injury to the chest causes the entrapment of air in the pleural space (tension pneumothorax). ", "Anterior (front) mediastinum: Masses that form in the front part of the central chest area include: 1 Thyroid tumors: these grow on the thyroid gland and are typically benign. 2 Thymomas: tumors of the thymus, typically benign. 3 Teretomas: masses of tissue that are typically benign. 4 Lymphoma: a cancer of lymph glands. The mediastinum is the central part of the chest cavity. It contains the heart and its major blood vessels, the esophagus, thymus, trachea, lymph nodes and major nerves.", "Mediastinal Masses. The mediastinum is the central part of the chest cavity. It contains the heart and its major blood vessels, the esophagus, thymus, trachea, lymph nodes and major nerves. Different types of masses develop in the mediastinum, including benign and cancerous tumor" ], "url": [ "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/hic_mediastinal_tumors", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinal_tumor", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/mediastinal-masses", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinal_tumor", "https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Mediastinal-Tumors.aspx", "http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p4620a193b679d/mediastinum-masses.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mediastinal", "http://www.swedish.org/services/robotic-surgery-program/conditions-we-treat/mediastinal-masses", "http://www.swedish.org/services/robotic-surgery-program/conditions-we-treat/mediastinal-masses" ] }

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[ "Taxonomic genus Saimiri" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Apes are monkeys. You will find that the animals named monkeys belong to two groups, the Platyrhini and the Catarrhini. The first group consists of New World monkeys-capuchins, howlers, squirrel monkeys, and so on. The second group consists of the Old World monkeys (baboons, macaques, colobus, etc.) and the apes.", "Squirrel Monkey Classification and Evolution The Squirrel Monkey is a small species of New World Monkey that is natively found in the forests and tropical jungles of Central and South America.", "Squirrel Monkeys live in groups of 10-30, which is a much larger group than other species of monkeys found in South and Central America. Like other monkeys in the Central American rainforest, the Squirrel Monkey is facing some problems.", "Among common squirrel monkeys, S. sciureus, within-group feeding competition is intense because fruit is found in small, dense patches easily monopolized by one monkey. The incentive to protect this patch is high and the result is direct feeding competition between members of the group.", "The squirrel monkey belongs to the Saimiri genus. Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:PrimatesFamily:CebidaeSubfamily: Saimiriinae.", "Squirrel monkeys' are New World monkeys of the genus Saimiri. They are the only genus in the subfamily Saimirinae. The name of the genus Saimiri is of Tupi origin (sai-mirim or gai-mbirin sai 'monkey' and mirim 'small'), and was also used as an English name by early researchers.", "Saimiri oerstedti. Squirrel monkeys are any of the species of monkeys that belong to the taxonomic genus Saimiri. The species and subspecies are distinguished mostly from fur coloring and shape, rather then behavior differences. They live in Central and South America and have similar habitats even though the range is very widespread.", "The Squirrel Monkey is one of the smallest species of New World Monkeys and is therefore preyed upon by a variety of forest animals. Birds of Prey are the biggest threat to the Squirrel Monkey along with Snakes that hunt them in the trees.", "Squirrel monkeys are now divided into two groups, the Saimiri sciureus group, containing S. oerstedti subspecies, S. sciureus subspecies, and S. ustus and the Saimiri boliviensis group, containing S. boliviensis subspecies and S. vanzolinii." ], "url": [ "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Ape_vs_Monkey", "http://a-z-animals.com/animals/squirrel-monkey/", "http://www.wildernessclassroom.com/wilderness-library/squirrel-monkey/", "http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/squirrel_monkey", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_genus_does_the_squirrel_monkey_belong_to", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel_monkey", "http://www.creationwiki.org/Squirrel_monkey", "http://a-z-animals.com/animals/squirrel-monkey/", "http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/squirrel_monkey" ] }

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[ "Garden", "Garden" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "[ 2 syll. car-mel, ca-rm-el ] The baby girl name Carmel is also used as a boy name, though the use for girls is more popular. It is pronounced K AA R-MahL in English †. Carmel's origin is Hebrew, and its use, English and Hebrew. It is from the word karmel with the meaning 'fruit garden, fruitful land'. The name is derived from the Spanish title, Virgin Mary Our Lady of Mount Carmel.", "Meaning & History. From the title of the Virgin Mary Our Lady of Carmel. כַּרְמֶל (Karmel) (meaning garden in Hebrew) is a mountain in Israel mentioned in the Old Testament. It was the site of several early Christian monasteries. As an English given name, it has mainly been used by Catholics.", "The word carmel is a variant of caramel. Caramel is derived from the caramelization of sugar. It is made by heating sugar slowly to around 170 °C (338 °F). As the sugar melt … s and approaches this temperature, the molecules break down and re-form into compounds with a characteristic caramel color and flavor. Carmel is an English feminine name of early Christian origin. It is a reference to Our Lady of Carmel , one title given by Christians to the Virgin Mary. Carmel means garden or orchard in Hebrew. Carmel is the name of a mountain near modern Haifa, Israel, where hermits lived in very early Christian times. These later became the Carmelite Order of monks", "The word Carmel (Hebrew language: כַּרְמֶל) means fresh (planted), or vineyard (planted) and Karmiel (Hebrew: כַּרְמִיאֵל) is a portmanteau meaning God's Vineyard . The word is also commonly used in reference to the Carmelites and their houses or foundations. In modern times, the name was also given to: ", "English Meaning: The name Carmel is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Carmel is: Garden. Hebrew Meaning: The name Carmel is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Carmel is: Garden. Biblical Meaning: The name Carmel is a Biblical baby name. In Biblical the meaning of the name Carmel is: Circumcised lamb, harvest, full of ears of corn.", "The name Carmela is a Spanish baby name. In Spanish the meaning of the name Carmela is: Garden. Latin Meaning: The name Carmela is a Latin baby name. In Latin the meaning of the name Carmela is: Fruitful orchard, as Mount Carmel in Palestine.", "Carmel /car-mel/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name (also used as boys' name Carmel) is pronounced kar-MEL. It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of Carmel is garden, orchard. Biblical place name: Mount Carmel is in Israel near the city of Haifa, and is often referred to as a type of paradise. In the 12th century, a monastery was founded in there, from which the Carmelite monastic order came about. ", "Karmel /kar-mel/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name (also used as girls' name Karmel) is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of Karmel is orchard, garden. Biblical place name: Mount Carmel is in Israel, and is referred to in ancient writings as a paradise. Kreatif forms: Kaimel, Karme, Karmelle. ", "Carmel is generally used as a girl's name. It consists of 6 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Car-mel. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 5989 in baby name popularity for girls with 21 occurrences. It ranked 8846 in popular baby names for boys with 8 occurrences. View the Carmel Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Carmel has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Carmel to other names. The names Carmela, Carmella, Carmelo, Carmen, Carmia, Carmin, Carmina, Carmine, Carmita, Carmo, Carmya are all forms of Carmel." ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Carmel/f", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/carmel", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_name_Carmel_mean", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmel", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/carmel", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/carmela", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Carmel", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Karmel", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Carmel.html" ] }

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[ "Victory" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Personal experiences with the name Nike: | Edit. Share what you know! Nicknames for Nike: | Edit. Share what you know! Meanings and history of the name Nike: | Edit. In Greek mythology, Nike was the goddess of victory. The name Nike means victory. ", "Nike is one of the most commonly portrayed figures on Greek coins. Names stemming from Nike include among others: Nikolaos, Nicholas, Nicola, Nick, Nicolai, Niccolo, Nikolai, Nicolae, Nils, Klaas, Nicole, Ike, Niki, Nikita, Nika, Nieke, Naike, Niketas, Nikki, Nico, and Veronica. 1 The sports equipment company Nike, Inc. is named after the Greek goddess Nike. 2 Project Nike, an American anti-aircraft missile system is named after the goddess Nike. 3 A figure of Nike with a vessel was the design of the first FIFA World Cup trophy, known also as the Jules Rimet trophy.", "Nike is seen with wings in most statues and paintings, one of the most famous being the Winged Victory of Samothrace. Most other winged deities in the Greek pantheon had shed their wings by Classical times. Nike is the goddess of strength, speed, and victory. Nike was a very close acquaintance of Athena, and is thought to have stood in Athena's outstretched hand in the statue of Athena located in the Parthenon. 1 The sports equipment company Nike, Inc. is named after the Greek goddess Nike. 2 Project Nike, an American anti-aircraft missile system is named after the goddess Nike. 3 A figure of Nike with a vessel was the design of the first FIFA World Cup trophy, known also as the Jules Rimet trophy.", "Nike /nike/ [1 syll.] as a girls' name is pronounced NYE-kee. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Nike is victory. Greek mythology: name of the goddess of victory. Names such as Berenice, Veronica, Nicole, Nicola and Nicholas contain elements derived from Nike. In modern times, the name of a popular athletic shoe.", "Database of baby names has been compiled from various references and suggestions provided by our web site visitors and resources partners. Meaning of Nike in Hindu origin/culture for Boy name with history and fame details. List of Hindu baby names, Hindu baby boy names (male), girl names (female) & Hindu names meanings has been compiled from various resources. Please use this list of Hindu baby names only for reference/idea to name your kid/child.", "In 'Nike in Numbers' we have fun using simple gematria to equate Goddess Nike with Victory. In 'Nike and the Armenian Highland' we locate the goddess's birthplace & explain the geography of the region. In 'Formula Love', the Nicole and Lewis story, we witness a Victory inspired by the power of Love. In 'Nike and War' we understand the myth of Ares, God of War, and how he relates to Nike, Goddess of Victory. In 'Nike and Ethics' we delve in to the lives of Aristotle and his prodigious student, Alexander the Great. In 'The Swoosh Story' we chart the history of the world's most recognizable brand: Nike Inc.", "Nike (/ˈnaɪki/ ; Greek: νίκη, Victory, [nǐːkɛː]), in ancient Greek religion, was a goddess who personified victory, also known as the Winged Goddess of Victory. The Roman equivalent was Victoria. 1 The sports equipment company Nike, Inc. is named after the Greek goddess Nike. 2 Project Nike, an American anti-aircraft missile system is named after the goddess Nike. 3 A figure of Nike with a vessel was the design of the first FIFA World Cup trophy, known also as the Jules Rimet trophy.", "Nike is used as both a boys and girls name. It consists of 4 letters and 1 syllable and is pronounced Nike. In the U.S. in 2014 less than 5 girls were given the name. It ranked 11644 in popular baby names for boys with 6 occurrences. View the Nike Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Nike has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Nike to other names. Variants of the name Nike include Nyke. The names Nikias, Nikon are all forms of Nike. Nike falls into the name categories cool, Greek myth.", "Notes: Nike is the goddess of victory in Greek mythology. Also a brand name of athletic wear. " ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/nike", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_%28mythology%29", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_%28mythology%29", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Nike", "http://www.babynology.com/meaning-nike-m30.html", "http://goddessnike.com/nike_goddess_of_victory.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike_%28mythology%29", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Nike.html", "http://babynames.com/name/NIKE" ] }

[]

[ "Central nervous system" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The peripheral nervous system refers to parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. It includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their roots and branches, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions. The anterior horn cells, although technically part of the central nervous system (CNS), are sometimes discussed with the peripheral nervous system because they are part of the motor unit. In the peripheral nervous system, bundles of nerve fibers or axons conduct information to and from the central nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system concerned with the innervation of involuntary structures, such as the heart, smooth muscle, and glands within the body", "The nervous system consists of two main parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system: 1 The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain sends messages through the spinal cord and nerves of the peripheral nervous system to control the movement of the muscles and the function of internal organs. The basic working unit of the nervous system is a cell called a neuron.", "1 Peripheral nervous system (PNS): a part of the nervous system which includes all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. 2 Sympathetic nervous system: The part of your nervous system that unconsciously controls your organs and glands when you're excited or frightened. The brain and spinal cord are inside your skull and vertebrae (the vertebrae make up your backbone). These bones protect the CNS when you get into accidents. The other part of the nervous system is the Peripheral Nervous System (or PNS). The PNS consists mainly of the nerves that go to and from the CNS.", "“Peripheral nerve” is a term used synonymously to describe the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is a network of 43 pairs of motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) to the entire human body. These nerves control the functions of sensation, movement and motor coordination", "The CNS consists of your brain and spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord are inside your skull and vertebrae (the vertebrae make up your backbone). These bones protect the CNS when you get into accidents. The other part of the nervous system is the Peripheral Nervous System (or PNS). The PNS consists mainly of the nerves that go to and from the CNS. Unlike the CNS, though, there is no bony protection for the PNS. Have you ever hit your funny bone?. That odd feeling was you pinching one of the nerves in your arm", "The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system; some textbooks also include sensory systems. The cranial nerves are part of the PNS with the exception of cranial nerve II, the optic nerve, along with the retina. The main function of the PNS is to connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a communication relay going back and forth between the brain and the extremities.", "1 The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. 2 The peripheral nervous system is made up of the nerve fibers that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body, including the neck and arms, torso, legs, skeletal muscles and internal organs. The brain sends messages through the spinal cord and nerves of the peripheral nervous system to control the movement of the muscles and the function of internal organs. The basic working unit of the nervous system is a cell called a neuron.", "Peripheral nervous system: The portion of the nervous system that is outside the brain and spinal cord. Abbreviated PNS. The nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) to sensory organs, such as the eye and ear, and to other organs of the body, muscles, blood vessels, and glands. The peripheral nerves include the 12 cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and roots, and the autonomic nerves.", "All the nerves and nerve cells outside your central nervous system make up your peripheral nervous system. Its task is to relay information from your brain and spinal cord to the rest of your body and from your body to your brain and spinal cord. " ], "url": [ "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948687-overview", "https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/Pages/parts.aspx", "https://askabiologist.asu.edu/parts-nervous-system", "http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/peripheral_nerve_surgery/conditions/peripheral_nerve_system.html", "https://askabiologist.asu.edu/parts-nervous-system", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system", "https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/neuro/conditioninfo/Pages/parts.aspx", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8258", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/peripheralnervoussystem/peripheral_nervous_system.shtml" ] }

[]

[ "Puerto Rico" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chayanne (born June 28, 1968) is a Latin Pop singer who was born as Elmer Figueroa de Arce in San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico. Figueroa began using the artistic name of Chayanne when he was a little kid. He auditioned for Menudo, but was told that at the time that he was too young for the group.", "Edit this wiki. Chayanne (born June 28, 1968) is a Latin Pop singer who was born as Elmer Figueroa de Arce in San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico. Figueroa began using the artistic name of Chayanne when he was a little kid. He auditioned for Menudo, but was told that at the time that he was too young for the group.", "Mini Bio (1). Elmer Figueroa de Arce, better known as Chayanne, was born in Puerto Rico, the third of five siblings. He is married to Venezuelan Mariana Elizabeth Marilisa Maronesa de Figueroa, with whom he has a son, Lorenzo Valentino and a daughter, Isadora Sofia.", "Actor | Soundtrack. Elmer Figueroa de Arce, better known as Chayanne, was born in Puerto Rico, the third of five siblings. He is married to Venezuelan Mariana Elizabeth Marilisa Maronesa de Figueroa, with whom he has a son, Lorenzo Valentino and a daughter, Isadora Sofia.", "Chayanne (born June 28, 1968) is a Latin Pop singer who was born as Elmer Figueroa de Arce in San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico. Figueroa began using the artistic name of Chayanne when he was a little kid. He auditioned for Menudo, but was told that at the time that he was too young for the group." ], "url": [ "http://www.last.fm/music/Chayanne", "http://www.last.fm/music/Chayanne/+wiki", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0154663/bio", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0154663/", "http://www.last.fm/music/Chayanne/+wiki" ] }

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[ "$25-$70 or more a square foot (8,000 -$22,400 for 16'x20)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Install Wood Decking! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Wood Decking Installation project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Wood Decking ranges between $7.95 - $10.84 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1", "1 Wood is the most traditional, common and easily available material for decks; it is typically easier to work with than composite materials. 2 Composite deck installation can cost $25-$70 or more a square foot (8,000 -$22,400 for 16'x20). 1 A deck can be installed by a handyman(or do-it-yourselfer) with strong carpentry and design skills, a landscaping contractor, a general building contractor (who may sub it out to a specialist) or a decking contractor.", "Labor. Labor and installation costs account for nearly two-thirds of the final deck cost. That's the majority of your deck cost no matter what materials you choose-good news for experienced DIYers. Planning your dream deck can be a lot of work. But with the Trex Deck Cost Calculator, we've made it easier to estimate the cost of materials for a Trex deck. By factoring in the anticipated size of your project along with the estimated costs for material, you'll have a better idea of just how much it will cost to build a high-performance composite deck", "An installer will charge $3,450 to install a 16-by-10-foot deck awning attached to a house with a remote control to open and close the awning. This includes labor and material. You can buy the components for $2,800 and assemble and install it, assuming you have carpentry tools and skills. Wrapping up, given the average cost to install a deck awning you can compare the price of a contractor’s bid with doing it yourself. For a local cost input your ZIP Code.", "Find the average cost to install a deck awning yourself compared with the labor and material cost of hiring a carpenter. 1 National Average Cost. 2 Hours. 3 8. 4 10. 5 Money. 6 $3450. 7 $2800. 8 Adjust Cost to Your ZIP Code. Wrapping up, given the average cost to install a deck awning you can compare the price of a contractor’s bid with doing it yourself. For a local cost input y", "And how much is a cheap patio? The cost to install a 200-square-foot concrete patio is about $740 to $840 on average, according to HomeWyse.com, an online reference for home projects. Everyone's definition of cheap is different, but decks can be had for as low as $1,000, according to Jessica Piha, a spokeswoman for Porch.com, a website that helps homeowners find the right contractor. But the average deck costs $8,300, Piha says.", "Decking Prices. Once you determine what kind of decking materials you'll need to build the structure, it's time to get down to price. While the average cost to build a deck averages between $4,000 and $10,000, that doesn't account for the materials. Here is the average cost of each decking material, broken down by average price range per board: It's important to know what board sizes you'll need to purchase for your deck.", "1 Composite deck installation can cost $25-$70 or more a square foot (8,000 -$22,400 for 16'x20). 1 A deck can be installed by a handyman(or do-it-yourselfer) with strong carpentry and design skills, a landscaping contractor, a general building contractor (who may sub it out to a specialist) or a decking contractor.", "A low-frills patio or deck is pretty cheap. Everyone's definition of cheap is different, but decks can be had for as low as $1,000, according to Jessica Piha, a spokeswoman for Porch.com, a website that helps homeowners find the right contractor. But the average deck costs $8,300, Piha says." ], "url": [ "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_wood_decking.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/deck.html", "http://www.trex.com/products/deck-cost-landing/", "http://www.diyornot.com/Project.aspx?ndx2=5&Rcd=190", "http://www.diyornot.com/Project.aspx?ndx2=5&Rcd=190", "http://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/articles/2014/06/30/how-much-will-that-patio-or-deck-cost", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/decks-and-porches/", "http://home.costhelper.com/deck.html", "http://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/articles/2014/06/30/how-much-will-that-patio-or-deck-cost" ] }

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[ "1 an Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS) accredited BSc (Hons) degree. 2 at least one year’s experience at an approved laboratory. 3 registration as a biomedical scientist with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Training and development. Once you are registered and working as a biomedical scientist, you can specialise in an area by taking advanced IBMS accredited courses and qualifications. Taking these would increase your career prospects and could lead to different levels of IBMS membership. Starting salary. £21,692 + per year. Biomedical scientists test samples from patients to support doctors and healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. If you enjoy science and you are interested in medicine and health care, this could be a great job choice for you.", "REGISTRATION WITH A PROFESSIONAL BODY To use the title Biomedical Scientist or Medical Laboratory Technician a candidate must be registered with the HPC. In order to gain HPC registration a candidate is required to hold a Certificate of Competence awarded by the IBMS. ", "The specific activities of the biomedical scientist can differ in various parts of the world and vary with the level of education. Generally speaking, biomedical scientists conduct research in a laboratory setting, using living organisms as models to conduct experiments. These scientists work to gain knowledge on the main principles of how the human body works and to find new ways to cure or treat disease by developing advanced diagnostic tools or new therapeutic strategies. The research of biomedical scientists is referred to as biomedical research.", "To work as a biomedical scientist you will need a BSc (Hons) degree accredited by the Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS). You will also need to register with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). Starting salary. £21,692 + per year. Biomedical scientists test samples from patients to support doctors and healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. If you enjoy science and you are interested in medicine and health care, this could be a great job choice for you.", "To become a registered biomedical scientist, you will need: 1 an Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS) accredited BSc (Hons) degree. 2 at least one year’s experience at an approved laboratory. 3 registration as a biomedical scientist with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). Starting salary. £21,692 + per year. Biomedical scientists test samples from patients to support doctors and healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. If you enjoy science and you are interested in medicine and health care, this could be a great job choice for you.", "Qualifications and training required. In order to start work as a trainee biomedical scientist you will need a Certificate of Competence from the Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS) and you must be registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services and in newspapers and scientific publications such as The Biomedical Scientist, New Scientist, Nature and their online equivalents. Starting salaries for an NHS biomedical scientist can be found on the NHS website.", "Biomedical scientist is the protected title used by professionals qualified to work unsupervised within the pathology department of a hospital. The biomedical sciences are made up of the following disciplines; biochemistry, haematology, immunology, microbiology, histology, cytology, and transfusion services. These scientists work to gain knowledge on the main principles of how the human body works and to find new ways to cure or treat disease by developing advanced diagnostic tools or new therapeutic strategies. The research of biomedical scientists is referred to as biomedical research.", "A biomedical scientist also known as a biomedical doctor or medical scientist or clinical laboratory scientist) is a scientist trained in biology, particularly in the context of medicine. These scientists work to gain knowledge on the main principles of how the human body works and to find new ways to cure or treat disease by developing advanced diagnostic tools or new therapeutic strategies. The research of biomedical scientists is referred to as biomedical research.", "Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills. Biomedical scientists are responsible for investigating and diagnosing patient illnesses such as HIV, cancer, diabetes, food poisoning, hepatitis and meningitis. Vacancies are advertised via the internet, by careers services and in newspapers and scientific publications such as The Biomedical Scientist, New Scientist, Nature and their online equivalents. Starting salaries for an NHS biomedical scientist can be found on the NHS website." ], "url": [ "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/biomedicalscientist.aspx", "https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/438844/Biomedicalscientist.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_scientist", "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/biomedicalscientist.aspx", "https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/biomedicalscientist.aspx", "https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/276377-biomedical-scientist-job-description", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_scientist", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_scientist", "https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/276377-biomedical-scientist-job-description" ] }

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[ "The control of K + levels in the brain." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An early recognized function of astrocytes is the control of K + levels in the brain. Neuronal activity leads to an increase in K + concentration from a resting level of about 3 mM to a maximum of 10 - 12 mM under physiological conditions and to even higher values under pathological conditions. Astrocytes may also limit the number of synapses since astrocyte membranes can ensheath the neuronal processes and thus compete with synapses. Astroglial cells can also be involved in the elimination of synapses in the CNS, the process which underlies the final tuning and plasticity of the neuronal inputs.", "Astrocytes (literally ‘star-like cells’) are the most numerous and diverse neuroglial cells in the CNS. While most neuroscientists think they know what an astrocyte is, there is no uniform and unequivocal definition of an astrocyte. Not all astrocytes are star-like cells, not all of them express the specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), not all contact brain capillaries. Astrocytes are actually the cell population in the brain which are left over after one would remove neurons, oligodendrocytes and microglial cells. Astrocytes may also limit the number of synapses since astrocyte membranes can ensheath the neuronal processes and thus compete with synapses. Astroglial cells can also be involved in the elimination of synapses in the CNS, the process which underlies the final tuning and plasticity of the neuronal inputs.", "Astrocytes (Astro from Greek astron = star and cyte from Greek kyttaron = cell), also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. The proportion of astrocytes in the brain is not well defined. Depending on the counting technique used, studies have found that the astrocyte proportion varies by region and ranges from 20% to 40% of all glia. 1 Structural: They are involved in the physical structuring of the brain. 2 Astrocytes get their name because they are star-shaped. 3 They are the most abundant glial cells in the brain that are closely associated with neuronal synapses.", "Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type within the central nervous system (CNS) and perform a variety of tasks, from axon guidance and synaptic support, to the control of the blood brain barrier and blood flow. To perform these roles, there is a great variety of astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the function of astrocytes, in particular, their role in maintaining homeostasis at the synapse, regulating neuronal signaling, protecting neurons from oxidative damage, and determining the fate of endogenous neural precursors.", "Astrocytes-structure/function. A. Characteristics of normal astrocytes. Astrocytes have many cytoplasmic processes that terminate on blood vessels, neuronal cell bodies, axons and synaptic terminals.", "Astrocytes are a special kind of stellate-shaped brain cells that are found throughout the central nervous system and that play a supportive role for neurons. 1 Other regulatory functions of astrocytes include limiting the rise of both extracellular potassium (K+) and pH during neural activity. 2 In addition, astrocytes can take up potassium in a variety of ways: Na+-K+ exchange, K+-Cl-cotransport and other K+ channels characterized by distinct properties.", "The dark 'star-like' figures are the astrocytes. Astrocytes are star shaped glial cells that perform a variety of functions in the CNS. Astrocytes provide physical support to neurons and clean up debris within the brain. They also provide neurons with some of the chemicals needed for proper functioning and help control the chemical composition of fluid surrounding neurons. In order to provide physical support for neurons astrocytes form a matrix that keep neurons in place. In addition, this matrix serves to isolate synapses. This limits the dispersion of transmitter substances released by terminal buttons; thus aiding in the smooth transmission of neural messages.", "List: Astrocyte Functions. Astrocytes are a special kind of stellate-shaped brain cells that are found throughout the central nervous system and that play a supportive role for neurons. For a long time, astrocytes were thought of as merely providing “assistance” for neuron function and survival. 1 Other regulatory functions of astrocytes include limiting the rise of both extracellular potassium (K+) and pH during neural activity. 2 In addition, astrocytes can take up potassium in a variety of ways: Na+-K+ exchange, K+-Cl-cotransport and other K+ channels characterized by distinct properties.", "GFAP immunostain. This picture explains why these cells are called star cells. Astrocytes (star cells) have radially arranged processes. Their cytoplasm contains intermediate filaments composed of a distinct protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) . Antibodies against this protein are routinely used to demonstrate reactive and neoplastic astrocytes. ", "a star-shaped glial cell (see neuroglia) that is involved in numerous processes (extensions) that run in all directions. The processes that astrocytes are involved in providing structural support for the brain, are responsible for many homeostatic functions, and may isolate receptive surfaces. ASTROCYTE: An astrocyte is one type of glial cell that serves multiple functions. . No related posts." ], "url": [ "http://networkglia.eu/en/astrocytes", "http://networkglia.eu/en/astrocytes", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocyte", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19373940", "http://learn.chm.msu.edu/neuropath/content/cytopathology/CP_8.html", "http://houseofmind.tumblr.com/post/18779434067/list-astrocyte-functions", "http://blustein.tripod.com/Astrocytes/astrocytes.htm", "http://houseofmind.tumblr.com/post/18779434067/list-astrocyte-functions", "http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter1/chapter1bAstrocytes.html", "http://psychologydictionary.org/astrocyte/" ] }

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[ "In Pepin, Wisconsin." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Laura Ingalls Wilder was born Laura Elizabeth Ingalls on February 7, 1867, in Pepin, Wisconsin, the second of four children. She once described her father, Charles Philip Ingalls, as always jolly and sometimes reckless. Her mother, Caroline Lake Quiner, was educated, gentle, and proud, according to her daughter.", "Laura Ingalls Wilder was born in Pepin, Wisconsin on February 7, 1867.", "Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder (often referred to as Half Pint ) was the second of five children born to Caroline and Charles Ingalls in the dense pine forests near Pepin, Wisconsin on February 7, 1867.", "Laura Ingalls Wilder. Laura Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867 in Pepin, Wisconsin. She was second of five children born to Caroline and Charles Philip Ingalls. Laura had three sisters and one brother. Her father called himself a pioneer man and dreamed of going West to explore and settled on unknown territory.", "Raised on the American prairie. Laura Ingalls Wilder was born Laura Elizabeth Ingalls on February 7, 1867, in Pepin, Wisconsin, the second of four children. She once described her father, Charles Philip Ingalls, as always jolly and sometimes reckless. Her mother, Caroline Lake Quiner, was educated, gentle, and proud, according to her daughter.", "Laura Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867, to Charles and Caroline Ingalls in their log cabin just outside of Pepin, Wisconsin.", "Born Laura Elizabeth Ingalls in Wisconsin in 1867, she spent her childhood as a pioneer girl, settling in Wisconsin (twice), Missouri, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, and South Dakota by the time she was twelve years old." ], "url": [ "http://www.notablebiographies.com/We-Z/Wilder-Laura-Ingalls.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_was_laura_ingalls_wilder_born", "http://littlehouse.wikia.com/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder", "http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/womenenc/wilder.html", "http://www.notablebiographies.com/We-Z/Wilder-Laura-Ingalls.html", "http://www.biography.com/people/laura-ingalls-wilder-9531246", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0928598/bio" ] }

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[ "Serotonin is manufactured in the brain and the intestines." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Serotonin is created by a biochemical conversion process. 2 Serotonin is manufactured in the brain and the intestines. 3 The majority of the body's serotonin, between 80-90%, can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. 4 Serotonin that is used inside the brain must be produced within it.", "Although serotonin is well known as a brain neurotransmitter, it is estimated that 90 percent of the body's serotonin is made in the digestive tract. In fact, altered levels of this peripheral serotonin have been linked to diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.", "Serotonin is manufactured in the brain and the intestines. The majority of the body's serotonin, between 80-90%, can be found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It can also be found in the blood platelets and the central nervous system (CNS).", "Serotonin is an essential neurotransmitter responsible for regulating many body and brain activities. Though people associate serotonin only with the brain due to its role as a neurotransmitter, the brain only synthesizes and houses about 5 percent of the body's supply of serotonin. The small intestine produces the rest, and this serotonin never finds its way to the brain; rather, it plays other roles in the body.", "1 Serotonin is manufactured in the brain and the intestines. 2 The majority of the body's serotonin, between 80-90%, can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. 3 Serotonin that is used inside the brain must be produced within it.", "1. Seroton in acts as a ne urotransmitter, a type of chemical that helps relay signals from one area of the brain to another. Although serotonin is manufactured in the brain, where it performs its primary functions, some 90% of our serotonin supply is found in the digestive tract and in blood platelets.", "1 Bowel function. 2 Most of the body's serotonin is found in the gastrointestinal tract where it regulates bowel function and movements. 3 It also plays a part in reducing the appetite while consuming a meal. 4 Mood. 5 It is most well know for its role in the brain where it plays a major part in mood, anxiety and happiness.", "Neurons produce serotonin in the brain. The serotonin in these two areas are distinct. That is, the serotonin from the intestine cannot go to the brain because of the blood-brain barrier, which the body uses to protect the brain from toxins." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/232248.php", "http://www.caltech.edu/news/microbes-help-produce-serotonin-gut-46495", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/232248.php", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5413172_serotonin-produced-body.html", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/232248.php", "http://www.webmd.com/depression/features/serotonin", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/232248.php", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5413172_serotonin-produced-body.html" ] }

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[ "It is the ratio of the value traded to total volume traded over a particular time horizon." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "(June 2012). In finance, volume-weighted average price (VWAP) is the ratio of the value traded to total volume traded over a particular time horizon (usually one day). It is a measure of the average price at which a stock is traded over the trading horizon. VWAP is often used as a trading benchmark by investors who aim to be as passive as possible in their execution. Many pension funds, and some mutual funds, fall into this category.", "The weighted average cost per unit is therefore $257.78 ($116,000 ÷ 450 units.). The ending inventory valuation is $45,112 (175 units × $257.78 weighted average cost), while the cost of goods sold valuation is $70,890 (275 units × $257.78 weighted average cost). The sum of these two amounts (less a rounding error) equals the $116,000 total actual cost of all purchases and beginning inventory. ", "A security average that is weighted by the market price of each security included in the average. Thus, securities that have high market prices tend to be more heavily weighted and to have more influence on changes in a price-weighted average. The Dow Jones Averages are examples of price-weighted averages. Compare market-value-weighted average.", "Introduction. Volume-Weighted Average Price (VWAP) is exactly what it sounds like: the average price weighted by volume. VWAP equals the dollar value of all trading periods divided by the total trading volume for the current day. The example above shows 1-minute VWAP for the first 30 minutes of trading in IBM. Dividing cumulative price-volume by cumulative volume produces a price level that is adjusted (weighted) by volume. The first VWAP value is always the typical price because volume is equal in the numerator and the denominator.", "Calculating Volume Weighted Average Price. Volume weighted average price, or VWAP, is the average value of a stock traded over the course of a set time horizon, which is typically one day. A trading benchmark used especially in pension plans. VWAP is calculated by adding up the dollars traded for every transaction (price multiplied by number of shares traded) and then dividing by the total shares traded for the day.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In finance, volume-weighted average price (VWAP) is the ratio of the value traded to total volume traded over a particular time horizon (usually one day). It is a measure of the average price at which a stock is traded over the trading horizon. VWAP is often used as a trading benchmark by investors who aim to be as passive as possible in their execution. Many pension funds, and some mutual funds, fall into this category.", "BREAKING DOWN 'Price-Weighted Index'. For example, assume that an index contains only two stocks, one priced at $1 and one priced at $10. The $10 stock is weighted nine times higher than the $1 stock. Overall, this means that this index is composed of 90% of the $10 stocks and 10% of $1 stock.", "DEFINITION of 'Volume Weighted Average Price-VWAP'. A trading benchmark used especially in pension plans. VWAP is calculated by adding up the dollars traded for every transaction (price multiplied by number of shares traded) and then dividing by the total shares traded for the day. Next Up", "Average weighted price is computed for most bond funds by weighting the price of each bond by its relative size in the portfolio. ", "The volume weighted average price is often used in the stock market. The volume weighted average price measures the mean cost of your stock investments when multiple purchases are made at different prices. If you were to simply average the different prices paid, you wouldn't be accounting for the fact that different quantities were purchased at different prices. Step 1. Multiply the number of shares purchased at a particular price by that price to find the amount you paid for each purchase. For example, if you purchased 100 shares of a stock at $50 and 200 shares at $65, multiply 100 by $50 to get $5,000 and 200 by $65 to get $13,000." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume-weighted_average_price", "http://www.accountingtools.com/weighted-average-method", "http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/price-weighted+average", "http://stockcharts.com/school/doku.php?id=chart_school:technical_indicators:vwap_intraday", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vwap.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume-weighted_average_price", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/priceweightedindex.asp", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vwap.asp", "http://www.morningstar.com/invglossary/average_weighted_price_definition_what_is.aspx", "http://budgeting.thenest.com/calculate-volume-weighted-average-price-26263.html" ] }

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[ "This is the most common type of stainless steel, accounting for up to 70% of all stainless steel production." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Main Image: Martensite is a hard form of steel crystalline structure formed through the displacive transformation and have a distinguishing body-centered tetragonal crystalline structure. Martensites consist of a group of hard minerals which occur as plate-shaped crystal granules. 1 Martensite has a lower density than austenite, so that the martensitic transformation causes a moderate volume change. 2 More important factor than the volume change is the shear strain that has a magnitude nearly 0.26 that find out the shape of the martensite plates.", "Austenite, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron, with an alloying element. The metal is heated into the austenite region of the iron-cementite phase diagram and then quenched in a salt bath or other heat extraction medium that is between temperatures of 300–375 °C (572–707 °F).", "Martensite is formed in carbon steels by the rapid cooling (quenching) of austenite at such a high rate that carbon atoms do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure in large enough quantities to form cementite (Fe 3 C). One of the differences between the two phases is that martensite has a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure, whereas austenite has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure.", "Austenitic – This is the most common type of stainless steel, accounting for up to 70% of all stainless steel production. Its versatility is in large part down to the fact that it can be formed and welded with successful results. Steel Plates. To the lay person, one piece of stainless steel may seem just like any other, but the truth of the matter is a little bit more complicated.", "Austenite and ferrite. Austenite was originally used to describe an iron-carbon alloy, in which the iron was in the face-centred-cubic (gamma-iron) form. It is now a term used for all iron alloys with a basis of gamma-iron. Austenite in iron-carbon alloys is generally only evident above 723°C, and below 1500°C, depending on carbon content. However, it can be retained to room temperature by alloy additions such as nickel or manganes", "The percentage of retained austenite increases from insignificant for less than 0.6% C to 13% retained austenite at 0.95% C and 30–47% retained austenite for a 1.4% carbon steels. A very rapid quench is essential to create martensite. For a eutectoid carbon steel (0.78% C) of thin section, if the quench starting at 750 °C and ending at 450 °C takes place in 0.7 seconds (a rate of 430 °C/s) no pearlite will form and the steel will be martensitic with small amounts of retained austenite. One of the differences between the two phases is that martensite has a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure, whereas austenite has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure.", "Stainless Steel. Stainless steel is a modern alloy developed in the early 1900’s after metallurgists discovered that chromium-iron alloys displayed superior corrosion resistance to carbon steel alloys. The first products using stainless steel were produced in 1908 and the first patents were granted in 1912. The corrosion resistance that is unique to stainless steel is the result of a transparent passive film of chromium oxide forms on the surface of the steel and protects it from oxidation.", "Martensite has a lower density than austenite, so that the martensitic transformation results in a relative change of volume. Of considerably greater importance than the volume change is the shear strain which has a magnitude of about 0.26 and which determines the shape of the plates of martensite. One of the differences between the two phases is that martensite has a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure, whereas austenite has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure.", "Type 410. Basic martensitic grade, containing the lowest alloy content of the three basic stainless steels (304, 430, and 410). Low cost, general purpose, heat treatable stainless steel. Used widely where corrosion is not severe (air, water, some chemicals, and food acids. ", "Martensitic – This type of steel shares some characteristics with ferritic, but boasts higher levels of carbon, up to a full 1%. This means that they can be tempered and hardened and are thus highly useful in situations where the strength of the steel is more important than its resistance to corrosion. Steel Plates. To the lay person, one piece of stainless steel may seem just like any other, but the truth of the matter is a little bit more complicated." ], "url": [ "http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-martensite", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austenite", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martensite", "http://www.brownmac.com/blog/what-is-stainless-steel", "http://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/material-faqs/faq-what-are-the-microstructural-constituents-austenite-martensite-bainite-pearlite-and-ferrite/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martensite", "http://www.onealsteel.com/stainless-steel.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martensite", "http://www.spiusa.com/stainlesssteel_overview.php", "http://www.brownmac.com/blog/what-is-stainless-steel" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The bala shark, Balantiocheilos melanopterus, also known as the tricolor shark, silver shark, or shark minnow, is a fish species of the family Cyprinidae, and is one of the two species in the genus Balantiocheilos. Bala sharks are widely available in most pet stores, but will grow to a size too large for the home aquarium. They are a hardy fish that will tolerate temperature changes, pH changes, and other factors to which other fish may be sensitive. The water pH should be 6.0–8.0.", "Know your fish. Bala sharks grow to about, 10-14 in length but, when purchased could vary from the size of 1-5. When juvenile they should be kept in at least a 55 gallon aquarium (208.19 Liters) for a fully grown shoal of at least three Bala shark, 125 gallons (473.176 Liters) would be a reasonable minimum.", "Bala Shark And Angel Fish in the Bala Shark, Silver Shark forums, part of the Freshwater Sharks category. I am wanting to add 2 Angel fish with my 3 Bala Sharks in my 46 gallon tank. At the moment that is all I have in there. They are less then and inch. ", "3. Choose tankmates, but pick the right ones! Although Bala sharks aren't as aggressive, there are fish unlikely to be successful with the Bala shark. 1 Tankmates can be: Larger cichlids, angelfish, parrot cichlids, mid sized tetra, Gouramis, Ram cichlids, Etc. Bala sharks grow to about, 10-14 in length but, when purchased could vary from the size of 1-5. When juvenile they should be kept in at least a 55 gallon aquarium (208.19 Liters) for a fully grown shoal of at least three Bala shark, 125 gallons (473.176 Liters) would be a reasonable minimum.", "I have 6 bala sharks in a 200 gallon tank with the biggest nearly 13inches long. They are very peaceful and do not bother any of the other inhabitants in the tank. I would highly recommend them to any who can provide them with a large enough tank. Date: 4/21/2007. ", "The red tail shark will be compatible with such fish as gouramis, barbs, danios, rainbows, bala sharks, iridescent sharks, red finned cigar sharks, pictus catfish, swordtails, silver dollars, angels, most loaches and even some types of cichlids. While the body of this fish is black, the tail of this shark is a striking, bright red. In some cases, the red tail shark's black dorsal and pectoral fins may even be tipped with white. Usually, these white tips will fade as the fish matures, as most of these white tipped red tail sharks are juveniles.", "Bala sharks are misunderstood aquarium fish. These fish are generally peaceful and good companions to many other types of tropical fish. Bala sharks are widely available in most pet stores, but will grow to a size too large for the home aquarium. They are a hardy fish that will tolerate temperature changes, pH changes, and other factors to which other fish may be sensitive. The water pH should be 6.0–8.0.", "Report Abuse. Bala sharks are minnows and certainly meant to be kept together, but the other poster is right-for fish that are active and school and grow to over a foot long, a 35 hex is a terrible choice of fish for them, and while they will do fine for a while the tank will ultimately kill them. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: bala sharks are very active but very peaceful and can go with most community fish that aren't shy or spooked by fast swimmers (such as neon tetra). danio's, rainbowfish, any loach or bottom feeder, silver dollars (just dont keep plants) and a pretty one i think is a rainbow shark", "You can keep Bala sharks with Oscars, as long as the Balas and the tank are BIG. Dont put small bala sharks in with an Oscar, it will treat them as a snack, and large balas need a tank at least 6ft long. Other fish? First rule is that it must not even be close to fitting in the Oscars mouth. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala_shark", "http://www.wikihow.com/Keep-a-Bala-Shark", "http://www.fishlore.com/fishforum/bala-shark-silver-shark/60280-bala-shark-angel-fish.html", "http://www.wikihow.com/Keep-a-Bala-Shark", "http://badmanstropicalfish.com/profiles/profile21.html", "http://www.aquariumlife.net/articles/tropical-fish/red-tail-shark/205.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala_shark", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090928034108AASLmXA", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100303070004AACBrn4" ] }

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[ "One payment per semester." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 The first Fall disbursement for eligible FSEOG students is released in mid-November 2015. 2 The second Spring disbursement for eligible FSEOG students is released in mid-April 2016. 3 Cal Grants (B & C) - Cal Grant B and C awards are generally disbursed in one payment per semester. 1 The Fall disbursement for eligible Cal Grant students is released as early as September 2015. 2 The Spring disbursement for eligible Cal Grant students is released as early as February 2016. 3 In cases of late award notification; the award will be disbursed on the next available disbursement date", "1 The second Spring disbursement for eligible FSEOG students is released in mid-April 2016. 2 Cal Grants (B & C) - Cal Grant B and C awards are generally disbursed in one payment per semester. 1 The Fall disbursement for eligible Cal Grant students is released as early as September 2015. 2 The Spring disbursement for eligible Cal Grant students is released as early as February 2016. 3 In cases of late award notification; the award will be disbursed on the next available disbursement date", "General Cal Grant Requirements As a Cal Grant recipient you MUST: • The Cal Grant award process is not complete until you receive your first payment! In some circumstances, if you do not receive payment the first year you are awarded a Cal Grant, your award offer will be withdrawn. • Meet the eligibility requirements to receive a Cal Grant award every year. • Attend school at least half time (6 or more units). 6-8 units = 50% or ½ time 9-11 units = 75% or ¾ time 12 or more units = full time • Maintain satisfactory academic progress. • Attend a Cal Grant Eligible School.", "FALL 2014 Disbursement: September 25, 2014** SPRING 2015 Disbursement: February 26, 2015**  Loan students, SEOG, and Cal Grant students must be enrolled in at least 6 units at FC.  Cal Grant B & C award dates are subject to state funding. HOW TO TRACK YOUR DISBURSEMENT Disbursements occur daily beginning the first Friday of the semester. All eligible students who have met the priority filing date of June 30, 2014 for the fall semester and who meet the Satisfactory Academic Progress Policy will be considered for the first disbursement.", "First Disbursements for Pell Grants will be 50% of a full-time Pell Grant. Second Disbursements for Pell Grants-Your eligibility for Pell Grant (if applicable) will be RECALCULATED before the second disbursement for each semester. Your second payment of Pell Grant will be based on your enrollment status as of October 20,2014. The first payment is the equivalent of a half-time payment. The first payment of Cal Grant and Pell Grant will be made as long as a student is enrolled in at least six units. If you receive your first check and then drop do below six units, you will have been overpaid and will be billed for the overpayment.", "• If you do not have a Cal Grant award and plan on transferring from a CCC to a 4 year college, you should apply for a Cal Grant the January prior to the academic year you plan on transferring. If awarded, you must transfer to the 4 year college and receive payment or you will be withdrawn from the program. • Meet the eligibility requirements to receive a Cal Grant award every year. • Attend school at least half time (6 or more units). 6-8 units = 50% or ½ time 9-11 units = 75% or ¾ time 12 or more units = full time • Maintain satisfactory academic progress. • Attend a Cal Grant Eligible School.", "Cal Grant and Pell Grant payments are made in two payments each semester. The first payment is the equivalent of a half-time payment. The first payment of Cal Grant and Pell Grant will be made as long as a student is enrolled in at least six units. If you receive your first check and then drop do below six units, you will have been overpaid and will be billed for the overpayment.", "• As a Cal Grant recipient, you may receive up to the equivalent of four years of full-time grant payments. The duration of your eligibility will be based on your educational level at the time you receive your first Cal Grant payment. Your eligibility will be reduced by each term that you receive payment. • Meet the eligibility requirements to receive a Cal Grant award every year. • Attend school at least half time (6 or more units). 6-8 units = 50% or ½ time 9-11 units = 75% or ¾ time 12 or more units = full time • Maintain satisfactory academic progress. • Attend a Cal Grant Eligible School.", "1 The Spring disbursement for eligible Cal Grant students is released as early as February 2016. 2 In cases of late award notification; the award will be disbursed on the next available disbursement date. 1 The Fall disbursement for eligible Cal Grant students is released as early as September 2015. 2 The Spring disbursement for eligible Cal Grant students is released as early as February 2016. 3" ], "url": [ "http://www.valleycollege.edu/admissions-financial-aid/financial-aid/check-disbursement", "http://www.valleycollege.edu/admissions-financial-aid/financial-aid/check-disbursement", "http://www.csac.ca.gov/pubs/forms/grnt_frm/Understanding_My_Cal_Grant.pdf", "http://financialaid.fullcoll.edu/pdf/How_to_track_your_disbursement_14-15.pdf", "http://www.sac.edu/StudentServices/FinancialAid/Pages/grant-payments.aspx", "http://www.csac.ca.gov/pubs/forms/grnt_frm/Understanding_My_Cal_Grant.pdf", "http://www.sac.edu/StudentServices/FinancialAid/Pages/grant-payments.aspx", "http://www.csac.ca.gov/pubs/forms/grnt_frm/Understanding_My_Cal_Grant.pdf", "http://www.valleycollege.edu/admissions-financial-aid/financial-aid/check-disbursement" ] }

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[ "It has influenced various liberal western laws of today for example free education non beist criminal trials benefits to those who need them and so on." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Napoleon in later life considered the Civil Code to be the most significant of his achievements. The Code represented a comprehensive reformation and codification of the French civil laws.", "It entered into force on March 21, 1804. The Napoleonic code was the first legal code to be established in a country with a civil legal system. It was based on Roman law, and followed Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis in dividing civil law into: 1.personal status; 2.property; 3.acquisition of property.", "Confidence votes 13. the Napoleonic code was important because it has influenced various liberal western laws of today for example free education non beist criminal trials benefits to those who need them and so on. it is likely had napoleon have not writ his code our liberal ideas would not have been as advanced as they are today.", "The Napoleonic Code was a unified legal code produced in post-revolutionary France and enacted by Napoleon in 1804. Napoleon gave the laws his name, and they both largely remain in place in France today, and heavily influenced world laws in the nineteenth century.", "The Civil Code of the French People was enacted in 1804 across all the regions France then controlled: France, Belgium, Luxembourg, chunks of Germany and Italy, and was later spread further across Europe. In 1807 it became known as the Code Napoleon.", "Why was the napoleonic code so important? That Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws.", "Best Answer: The original Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoleon (napoléon originally called The code civil des, francais or civil code of The), french was The french civil, code established at the behest Of. napoleon napoléon", "Best Answer: The original Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoleon (napoléon originally called The code civil des, francais or civil code of The), french was The french civil, code established at the behest Of. Napoleon napoléon it entered into Force on, march. 21 1804" ], "url": [ "http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/c_code.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100928062646AAO02mp", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Napoleon_code_important", "http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/thenapoleonsandempire/a/Napoleonic-Code-Code-Napoleon.htm", "http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/thenapoleonsandempire/a/Napoleonic-Code-Code-Napoleon.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Napoleon_code_important", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100928062646AAO02mp", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100928062646AAO02mp" ] }

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[ "The waxy covering on plant leaves, young stems, and fruit is called the cuticle. It is composed of cutin, a wax-like material produced by the plant that is chemically a hydroxy fatty acid." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Remember that the top of the leaf has the protective coating of the cuticle and then a layer of cells known as the upper epidermis. On the bottom of the leaf is another protective layer of cells. Because it is at the bottom of the leaf, this layer is known as the lower epidermis. It is generally waxy to protect the leaf and prevent water loss. When you touch a leaf, you may feel this waxy coating, and on some plants, such as holly, you may actually be able to see the waxy coat shine a bit. Below the cuticle is the", "M. leprae is an aerobic bacillus (rod-shaped) surrounded by the characteristic waxy coating unique to mycobacteria. In size and shape, it closely resembles Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Due to its thick waxy coating, M. leprae stains with a carbol fuchsin rather, than with the traditional Gram stain. The culture takes several weeks to mature. Optical microscopy shows M. leprae in clumps, rounded masses, or in groups of bacilli side by side, and ranging from 1–8 μm in length and 0.2–0.5 μm in diameter.", "Plants without a cuticle live underwater. The purpose of the cuticle is to prevent the leaves of a plant from losing moisture to the atmosphere. Pine needles have a thick waxy … coating that prevents moisture loss during the winter, when the air is dry. Cacti have modified leaves that are mostly cuticle, because the use their stems for photosynthesis. This answer refers to the Botanical reference of Cuticle; refer to the related question What is a cuticle for the Anatomical definition. Plant cuticles are a protective waxy covering produced only by the epidermal cells of leaves, young shoots and all other aerial plant organs without periderm.", "A cuticle /ˈkjuːtɪkəl/ , or cuticula, is a term used for any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Various types of cuticle are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure, function, and chemical composition. ", "The microorganism responsible for this disease, Mycobacterium leprae, is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria with a thick waxy coating. Due to this coating, it cannot be stained with the regular gram method and instead is stained with carbolfuschin. It also has a long incubation period, meaning that it may be a long time before symptoms appear, as long as twenty years in some cases.", "Answer by Bruce Pedersen. Confidence votes 27.8K. Plants such as Hoyas are described as having waxy leaves because they have a waxy feel. The waxiness is in actual fact an extra thick cuticle layer on the leaf, designed to protect the leaf from dehydration. See related link for picture. ", "This outermost layer is called the cuticle. It is generally waxy to protect the leaf and prevent water loss. When you touch a leaf, you may feel this waxy coating, and on some plants, such as holly, you may actually be able to see the waxy coat shine a bit. Below the cuticle is the epidermis. On the top of the leaf, this is known as the upper epidermis" ], "url": [ "http://study.com/academy/lesson/structure-of-leaves-the-epidermis-palisade-and-spongy-layers.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_leprae", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_plant_cuticle", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuticle", "http://web.mst.edu/~microbio/BIO221_2010/M_leprae.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_waxy_leaves_mean", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/structure-of-leaves-the-epidermis-palisade-and-spongy-layers.html" ] }

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[ "Its ubiquity in shows like CSI and Cold Case has increased public awareness to the point that many jurors in real-world courtrooms expect to see DNA evidence presented." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Further evidence for common descent comes from genetic detritus such as pseudogenes, regions of DNA that are orthologous to a gene in a related organism, but are no longer active and appear to be undergoing a steady process of degeneration from cumulative mutations. Further evidence comes from the field of biogeography because evolution with common descent provides the best and most thorough explanation for a variety of facts concerning the geographical distribution of plants and animals across the world. This is especially obvious in the field of insular biogeography", "DNA. Through news accounts and crime stories, we’re all familiar with the fact that the DNA in our cells reflects each individual’s unique identity and how closely related we are to one another. The same is true for the relationships among organisms. The DNA difference with gorillas, another of the African apes, is about 1.6%. Most importantly, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans all show this same amount of difference from gorillas. A difference of 3.1% distinguishes us and the African apes from the Asian great ape, the orangutan.", "Collecting and analyzing DNA evidence tops the list of the lab's forensic toolkit, and its ubiquity in shows like CSI and Cold Case has increased public awareness to the point that many jurors in real-world courtrooms expect to see DNA evidence presented -- whether a case calls for it or not. Since then, DNA evidence has played a bigger and bigger role in many nations' criminal justice systems. It has been used to prove that suspects were involved in crimes and to free people who were wrongly convicted.", "This evidence explicates that evolution does occur, and is able to show the natural processes by which the biodiversity of life on Earth developed. Additionally, this evidence supports the modern evolutionary synthesis —the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time. Further evidence comes from the field of biogeography because evolution with common descent provides the best and most thorough explanation for a variety of facts concerning the geographical distribution of plants and animals across the world. This is especially obvious in the field of insular biogeography", "Does DNA Evidence Prove Guilt? A Cold Case 25 years in the making suddenly yields results thanks to DNA testing that wasn't possible then, but does the evidence alone prove the suspect's guilt? 03:28. A Cold Case 25 years in the making suddenly yields results thanks to DNA testing that wasn't possible then, but does the evidence alone prove the suspect's g", "DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that makes up an organism’s genome in the nucleus of every cell. It consists of genes, which are the molecular codes for proteins – the building blocks of our tissues and their functions. The DNA difference with gorillas, another of the African apes, is about 1.6%. Most importantly, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans all show this same amount of difference from gorillas. A difference of 3.1% distinguishes us and the African apes from the Asian great ape, the orangutan.", "In other words, your DNA is a combination of your mother's and your father's DNA. Unless you have an identical twin, your DNA is unique to you. This is what makes DNA evidence so valuable in investigations -- it's almost impossible for someone else to have DNA that is identical to yours. Since then, DNA evidence has played a bigger and bigger role in many nations' criminal justice systems. It has been used to prove that suspects were involved in crimes and to free people who were wrongly convicted.", "At the heart of DNA evidence is the biological molecule itself, which serves as an instruction manual and blueprint for everything in your body (see How Cells Work for details). A DNA molecule is a long, twisting chain known as a double helix. Since then, DNA evidence has played a bigger and bigger role in many nations' criminal justice systems. It has been used to prove that suspects were involved in crimes and to free people who were wrongly convicted." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent", "http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics", "http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/dna-evidence.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent", "http://www.investigationdiscovery.com/did-he-do-it/did-he-do-it-videos/does-dna-evidence-prove-guilt/", "http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics", "http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/dna-evidence.htm", "http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/dna-evidence.htm" ] }

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[ "female lead role" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Scarlett Johansson began acting as a child; her first role was in the movie North (1994). She was born November 22, 1984 in New York.", "Scarlett Johansson poses in London. Scarlett Johansson landed another comic-book role for the film adaptation of the hit Japanese anime Ghost in the Shell.. It is no surprise that Johansson is the top choice for another action film with a female lead role. Her 2014 sci-fi, action movie Lucy earned $458 million out of a $40 million budget. The actress is also well known for her role as Black Widow in The Avengers franchise.", "Mark Ruffalo as the Hulk, left, Chris Evans as Captain America, Robert Downey Jr. as Iron Man, Jeremy Renner as Hawkeye, Scarlett Johansson as Black Widow and Chris Hemsworth as Thor in Avengers: Age of Ultron. (Marvel).", "Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 (2010), Marvel's The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and is set to reprise the role in Captain America: Civil War (2016) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise.", "She has played the Marvel comic book character Black Widow/Natasha Romanoff in Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), and Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and is set to reprise the role in Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015).", "She has portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow / Natasha Romanoff in the Marvel Cinematic Universe; appearing in Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), and in Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015).", "January 11, 2015 | 10:35 am. Scarlett Johansson poses in London. Scarlett Johansson landed another comic-book role for the film adaptation of the hit Japanese anime Ghost in the Shell.. It is no surprise that Johansson is the top choice for another action film with a female lead role. Her 2014 sci-fi, action movie Lucy earned $458 million out of a $40 million budget. The actress is also well known for her role as Black Widow in The Avengers franchise." ], "url": [ "http://www.ign.com/stars/scarlett-johansson", "http://www.christianpost.com/news/scarlett-johansson-bags-another-action-packed-role-in-ghost-in-the-shell-movie-adaptation-132330/", "http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/avengers-age-of-ultron-heroines-black-widow-scarlet-witch-move-to-the-front-lines/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natalia_Romanova)", "https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1245-scarlett-johansson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson", "http://www.christianpost.com/news/scarlett-johansson-bags-another-action-packed-role-in-ghost-in-the-shell-movie-adaptation-132330/" ] }

[]

[ "Adobo (from Spanish adobar : marinade , sauce or seasoning) is a popular dish and cooking process in Philippine cuisine that involves meat, seafood, or vegetables marinated in vinegar, soy sauce, and garlic, which is browned in oil, and simmered in the marinade.ased on the main ingredients, the most common adobo dishes are adobong manok, in which chicken is used, and adobong baboy, in which pork is used." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Adobo (from Spanish adobar : marinade , sauce or seasoning) is a popular dish and cooking process in Philippine cuisine that involves meat, seafood, or vegetables marinated in vinegar, soy sauce, and garlic, which is browned in oil, and simmered in the marinade. Based on the main ingredients, the most common adobo dishes are adobong manok, in which chicken is used, and adobong baboy, in which pork is used. Adobong baka (beef), along with adobong manok, is more popular among Muslim Filipinos. Other meat sources may also be used, such as adobong pugo (pugô). quail", "To make all your dishes taste their very best, make sure you shake on Goya Adobo before cooking. Adobo's perfect blend of garlic, oregano and other Latino spices is the perfect seasoning for all your meat, poultry and fish dishes. A simple shake is all it takes", "There is no 1 way to cook adobo. Depending on the region or the household, or how they want it to taste, they have their own way to cook it. However the standard ingredients in any version are the vinegar, soy sauce, garlic and peppercorn. Some filipinos even cook it without soy sauce just plain salt. Cover and marinate chicken for 1-3 hours. Bring to boil, then lower heat. Cover and let simmer for 30 minutes, stirring occasionally. Uncover and simmer until sauce is reduced and thickened, and chicken is tender, about 20 more minutes.", "Peruvian adobo chicken made from dried aji panca (yellow lantern chili, Capsicum chinense). Adobo or Adobar (Spanish: marinade, sauce, or seasoning) is the immersion of raw food in a stock (or sauce) composed variously of paprika, oregano, salt, garlic, and vinegar to preserve and enhance its flavor. The Portuguese variant is known as Carne de vinha d'alhos.", "1 Preheat an outdoor grill for high heat, and lightly oil grate. 2 In a large pot, mix soy sauce, water, vinegar, honey, garlic, bay leaves, and pepper. 3 Bring the mixture to a boil, and place the chicken into the pot. 4 Reduce heat, cover, and cook 35 to 40 minutes. 5 Remove chicken, drain on paper towels, and set aside. 1 In a large pot, mix soy sauce, water, vinegar, honey, garlic, bay leaves, and pepper. 2 Bring the mixture to a boil, and place the chicken into the pot. 3 Reduce heat, cover, and cook 35 to 40 minutes. 4 Remove chicken, drain on paper towels, and set aside. 5 Discard bay leaves.", "Adobo refers to a method of marinating and stewing any cut of meat or fish in a briny mixture of vinegar, soy sauce, and spices. This cooking method, like most of Filipino culture, is of mixed heritage. ", "Chicken and Pork Adobo. This is a popular luau offering and is a national dish of the Philippines. Let your guests know that there are peppercorns in the sauce so they can avoid biting into them. The sauce has a strong vinegar flavor that is balanced by the pepper, soy sauce, and garlic. ", "Pulaw/Flickr. Definition: Adobo comes from the Spanish word adobar, which literally means to marinate. It is a common all-purpose seasoning that is used to flavor and/or marinate meat, chicken, or fish. Adobo can be prepared a couple of ways: a dry spice mix and a wet rub paste. The central ingredients of adobo are garlic, oregano, black pepper, and turmeric.", "The secret to juicy and deeply flavorful adobo chicken or pork is that it is cooked twice; the meat is poached to near-doneness in water spiked with soy sauce, vinegar, and spices before it is grilled, broiled, or browned in oil. Though popular in a number of Latin American cuisines, adobo is often associated with Filipino culture; the word is used to describe both the method of cooking and the stewed chicken or pork dish that has become a hallmark of Filipino cuisine." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobo_(Filipino_cuisine)", "http://www.goya.com/english/product_subcategory/Condiments/Adobo", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/filipino-chicken-adobo-recipe.html#!", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobo", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/45580/grilled-chicken-adobo/", "http://foodreference.about.com/od/traditional_foods/a/Filipino-Adobo.htm", "http://www.myrecipes.com/recipe/chicken-pork-adobo", "http://latinfood.about.com/od/glossarypronunciation/g/what-is-adobo.htm", "http://www.thedailymeal.com/what-adobo-chicken/62514" ] }

[]

[ "Africa" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Though they all live in Africa, each species of zebra has its own home area. Plains zebras live in the treeless grasslands and woodlands of eastern and southern Africa. The Grevy's zebra lives in in the arid grasslands of Ethiopia and northern Kenya. The mountain zebra is found in South Africa, Namibia and Angola. Plains zebras and mountain zebras live in family groups led by a stallion, with several mares and offspring. Family groups (known as harems) sometimes get together to form loosely associated herds, according to the San Diego Zoo. However, Grevy's zebras don't have herds.", "Where Do Zebras Live. Few zebra species have superior habitats in comparison to others. Plains zebra is one of them. These species are akin to live in wide country grasslands, African savannahs and African trees. Even though seldom, these zebras are also known to reside at an elevation of about 13,000 feet (4,000 m). These animals tend to stay away from deserts or dense forests. Unlike plains zebras, mountain zebras do not apt to live beyond an elevation of 6,500 feet (2,000 m) above sea level.", "Plains zebras, which live in grassland, live all around Africa. Mountain zebras, which (as the name suggests) live in mountainous regions, live in dry southern African countries-Angola, Namibia and South Africa. zebras live in africa and they are always in a large wild herd sometimes they are in the mountains they have a really good eyesight and good hearing so thats how they know when the predators are coming to kill them. March 12, 2010 at 6:27 pm. this is amazing info! April 13, 2010 at 4:25 pm.", "Zebras Grazing. Unlike plains zebras, mountain zebras do not apt to live beyond an elevation of 6,500 feet (2,000 m) above sea level. Rather they prefer to live at the mountainous slopes of South Africa. With their naturist ability to migrate, these animals do not preferably reside at one place", "The difference between these three types of zebras is only about where do zebras live and the answer is that they live at different places. One type of zebra wants to live on mountains and is known as a mountain zebras. Second type lives on plain, grassy lands and is called as Burchell's zebras. Zebras are fond of dry places and can be found in deserts of Africa very easily. Not only in deserts, zebras also prefer to live in open areas having green grass and water around. Besides grasslands and deserts, zebras can also be heavily found on various hilly areas of Africa.", "5. Cancel. Zebras live only in Africa, but some zebras live in the plains while others live in the mountains. Find out where zebras thrive, depending on their breed, with information from an animal behavior specialist in this free video on zoo animals. Zebras live only in Africa, they are one of the few species that are confined just to that continent. And of course their black and white stripes are familiar to everyone. But zebras have different kinds of stripes depending on what kind of zebra they are.", "The male zebra is that's why called as stallion. In each group there is one stallion and various female zebras with the young zebras as well. The entire family keeps united even in the group as well. Also where do zebras live has a direct connection with their ages as well. Zebras are fond of dry places and can be found in deserts of Africa very easily. Not only in deserts, zebras also prefer to live in open areas having green grass and water around. Besides grasslands and deserts, zebras can also be heavily found on various hilly areas of Africa.", "Grevy’s zebras, which live in shrubland and grassland, live in Northern African countries-Kenya and Ethiopia. Interesting things about zebras. 1 Zebras eat a lot of grass. 2 They graze throughout the day. 3 The average height of a fully grown zebra is 1.25-1.5 meters (4-5 feet). 4 Grevy’s zebras and Mountain zebras are both listed as endangered species. zebras live in africa and they are always in a large wild herd sometimes they are in the mountains they have a really good eyesight and good hearing so thats how they know when the predators are coming to kill them. March 12, 2010 at 6:27 pm. this is amazing info! April 13, 2010 at 4:25 pm.", "Their social structure, however, depends on the species. Mountain zebras and plains zebras live in groups, known as 'harems', consisting of one stallion with up to six mares and their foals. Bachelor males either live alone or with groups of other bachelors until they are old enough to challenge a breeding stallion. There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the Grevy'grévy s zebra and the mountain. zebra", "There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the Grevy'grévy s zebra and the mountain. Zebra the plains zebra and the mountain zebra belong to the Subgenus, hippotigris But'grevy grévy s zebra is the sole species Of. subgenus dolichohippus There are three species of zebras: the plains zebra, the Grevy'grévy s zebra and the mountain. zebra" ], "url": [ "http://www.livescience.com/27443-zebras.html", "http://animalstime.com/where-zebras-live-zebras-habitat/", "http://wanttoknowit.com/where-do-zebras-live/", "http://animalstime.com/where-zebras-live-zebras-habitat/", "http://www.liveanimalslist.com/mammals/what-do-zebras-live.php", "http://www.ehow.com/video_5113123_do-zebras-live_.html", "http://www.liveanimalslist.com/mammals/what-do-zebras-live.php", "http://wanttoknowit.com/where-do-zebras-live/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" ] }

[]

[ "Hot summer temperatures and cold winter temperatures." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Since truffles grow in a symbiotic relationship with trees, the grower not only needs to think of the safety of his truffles, but the trees as well. The Martins have been able to protect their trees from pest and disease damage using preventative and natural methods. How to grow truffles. David Cassford wanted to do something with his 11 acres besides mow it. As a native to the Isle of Wight, he has a particular fondness for the filbert nut. Thinking he might like to plant a grove of filbert trees, he researched them online — and discovered truffles.", "Truffles are a member of the tuber family of mushrooms with an earthy flavor that is reminiscent of a cross between garlic and mushrooms. They grow underground among the roots of various trees, including hazelnut, chestnut, pine, willow, elm and oak trees. Truffles are grown primarily in the wild-mainly in France, Croatia, Italy, Oregon and Washington.", "Truffles are the underground fruiting bodies of some fungal species. They require particular climate conditions and soil types as well as suitable hosts in order to thrive. Truffles establish a symbiotic relationship with the roots of host trees, with each party receiving nutrients or minerals more efficiently through the relationship.", "Truffles grow in a symbiotic (give-and-take) relationship on the roots of trees — particularly filbert and certain species of oak. “When the trees are dormant in the winter,” says Cassford, “the truffles take their nutrition from them. How to grow truffles. David Cassford wanted to do something with his 11 acres besides mow it. As a native to the Isle of Wight, he has a particular fondness for the filbert nut. Thinking he might like to plant a grove of filbert trees, he researched them online — and discovered truffles.", "Conditions Necessary for Growing Truffles. When planting the treated seeds or seedlings, it is necessary to choose a location that is: 1 Away from extreme weather conditions-This is why the temperate climate of the Pacific Northwest is an ideal location for truffle hunters. They grow underground among the roots of various trees, including hazelnut, chestnut, pine, willow, elm and oak trees. Truffles are grown primarily in the wild-mainly in France, Croatia, Italy, Oregon and Washington.", "Climate. Truffles are found wild throughout the world and are highly prized by chefs. Due to their high value they are now extensively cultivated throughout much of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States and Europe. They require particular climate conditions and soil types as well as suitable hosts in order to thrive. Truffles establish a symbiotic relationship with the roots of host trees, with each party receiving nutrients or minerals more efficiently through the relationship.", "Growing Truffles. For many it is a dream to grow the mystical, rare and delicate fungi with the most arresting aroma in the culinary world. And for those who have taken the plunge, once they find their first truffle, this dream easily becomes an obsession and a passion. Climate. Truffle production requires hot summer temperatures and cold winter temperatures and climate is probably the primary issue. As a general rule, a mean daily temp of about 20 degrees in the January and mean daily of about 5 degrees in July is desirable.", "What to do while Growing Truffles. Plant your specially inoculated seeds or seedlings in an area with well-drained soil. Keep other plants, vegetation and trees from encroaching on the area where the hazelnut tree seeds have been planted. Wait and watch. They grow underground among the roots of various trees, including hazelnut, chestnut, pine, willow, elm and oak trees. Truffles are grown primarily in the wild-mainly in France, Croatia, Italy, Oregon and Washington.", "Truffles only grow on certain types of trees, including oak, hazel, poplar, beech and pine. The challenge in growing significant quantities of truffles is that you need to grow both the tree and the fungus—and you need them to cooperate with each other while a whole zoo of other microbes lurks in the soil. ", "Close up views of mycorrhiza. Truffles are a fungus that can only survive by attaching itself in a mutually beneficial way to certain types of tree roots in what is called a symbiotic relationship. The resulting combination of fungus, roots and other select organisms form a structure called mycorrhiza. " ], "url": [ "http://www.grit.com/farm-and-garden/crops/how-to-grow-truffles-zm0z14mjzsin.aspx", "http://gourmet.lovetoknow.com/Growing_Truffles", "http://www.ehow.com/list_7433323_requirements-growing-truffles.html", "http://www.grit.com/farm-and-garden/crops/how-to-grow-truffles-zm0z14mjzsin.aspx", "http://gourmet.lovetoknow.com/Growing_Truffles", "http://www.ehow.com/list_7433323_requirements-growing-truffles.html", "http://trufflegrowers.com.au/growing-truffles/", "http://gourmet.lovetoknow.com/Growing_Truffles", "http://www.bostonmagazine.com/restaurants/blog/2013/12/05/chefology-truffles-demystified/", "http://www.garlandtruffles.com/trufflegrowingbasics.html" ] }

[]

[ "$250" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Costs of this have ranged from as low as $85 for a basic cleaning to $600 for a cleaning and one tooth extraction. 2 This cost will also vary according to the size of your dog. 3 The average cost of a basic teeth cleaning is about $250.", "1 Daily brushing with dog toothpaste, which veterinarians recommend in addition to regular cleanings, costs about $30 to $60 or per year, depending on the size of the dog. 2 VeterinaryPartner.com offers a guide to brushing a dog's teeth.", "1 The average claims amount submitted for dog teeth cleaning by Veterinary Pet Insurance policyholders is $292. 2 Daily brushing with dog toothpaste, which veterinarians recommend in addition to regular cleanings, costs about $30 to $60 or per year, depending on the size of the dog.", "1 The cost of a cleaning for your dog’s teeth will vary greatly from one veterinarian to another, as well as from one city to another. 2 Costs of this have ranged from as low as $85 for a basic cleaning to $600 for a cleaning and one tooth extraction.", "According to my research, the low estimate for a simple teeth cleaning on a young dog would be $200 to $300. The same cleaning on a senior dog would cost an average of $125 more. If deep cleaning and extractions are needed, the cost could rise closer to $400 to $700 per dog.", "1 The average cost of a basic teeth cleaning is about $250. 2 The cost of oral at-home treatment, such as regular dog toothpaste or oravet, will cost $30-$60 per year. 3 This is obviously much cheaper than having to take your dog in to get his teeth cleaned.", "1 This cost will also vary according to the size of your dog. 2 The average cost of a basic teeth cleaning is about $250. 3 The cost of oral at-home treatment, such as regular dog toothpaste or oravet, will cost $30-$60 per year.", "1 A standard teeth cleaning by a dental hygienist can cost $75-$200, depending on the dentist's office and local rates. 2 CostHelper readers report paying $80-$175, or an average cost of $127 for just a routine cleaning. 3 Frequently a teeth cleaning appointment will also include dental X-rays and an exam by the dentist." ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/dog-teeth-cleaning-cost/", "http://pets.costhelper.com/dog-teeth-cleaning.html", "http://pets.costhelper.com/dog-teeth-cleaning.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/dog-teeth-cleaning-cost/", "http://youdidwhatwithyourweiner.com/how-much-does-it-cost-to-get-a-dogs-teeth-cleaned/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/dog-teeth-cleaning-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/dog-teeth-cleaning-cost/", "http://health.costhelper.com/teeth-cleaning.html" ] }

[]

[ "Chromosome is the genetic material that creates almost every part of the cell." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The chromosome is the genetic material that creates almost every part of the cell. Almost every cell in your body is diploid containing two sets of chromosomes. So instead of 23 you have 46 chromosomes, one from each parent. These chromosomes are made up of tightly wound DNA which according to the central dogma of biology it goes DNA-RNA-Protein. This means that your DNA is the blueprint for the proteins, enzymes, and cellular structures that make each cell unique. 1 In order to reproduce i…. 2 A Lesson in Genetics: The X Chromosome and Its Function In your cells, the material that makes up your genetic material is known as a chromosome. 3 Chromosomes are organized DNA structures found in the cell nucleus.", "Best Answer: Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA and proteins that are found in cells. A chromosome is a singular piece of DNA, which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. When you consider that there are two copies of each chromosome, and that each copy of each gene on the chromosome might be slightly different from the other, you have the possibility of two slightly different proteins being produced from them. Source(s): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome.", "Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 4, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. Chromosome 4 spans about 191 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and represents more than 6 percent of the total DNA in cells. Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research.", "Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 2, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. Chromosome 2 is the second largest human chromosome, spanning about 243 million building blocks of DNA (base pairs) and representing almost 8 percent of the total DNA in cells. Changes in the structure or number of copies of a chromosome can also cause problems with health and development. The following chromosomal conditions are associated with such changes in chromosome 2.", "Chromosome. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. ", "Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle.", "In mitosis, the end result is a DIPLOID chromosome. In meiosis, which is the process of forming new gametes (sperm and egg), the chromosomes split longitudinally at the centro … mere, resulting in a gamete which is HAPLOID, ie, it only has 50% of the normal number of chromosomes. A chromosome is an 'X' shaped gene which contains DNA, found inside living cells. Chromosomes are easily seen using a microscope and are normally invisible most of the time (t … his period of time called 'interphase') but become visible when the cell starts to multiply.", "A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle.", "The other is the X chromosome. Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development. 47,XYY syndrome (simply known as XYY syndrome) is caused by the presence of a single extra copy of the Y chromosome in each of a male's cells. 47, XYY males have one X chromosome and two Y chromosomes, for a total of 47 chromosomes per cell." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_chromosome_do_for_the_cell", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080927074449AAs51Ts", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome/4", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome/2", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/Chromosome", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_chromosomes_do", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_chromosome" ] }

[]

[ "Please return the Jury Information Form found on the lower portion of your summons. You will find instructions for requesting a postponement on the back of the form.e sure to type out your name and include your 9-digit Juror Participant Number. Do not assume your request for a postponement was received and granted unless you receive confirmation back by e-mail or by calling the Jury Information Line as instructed on the back side of your summons." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 If you are NOT qualified to serve, want to request an excuse or want a postponement from jury service, you can update your information to request a postponement, disqualification or excuse from jury service on the Prospective Juror Login website. On the page below you can find information about jury duty, including answers to Frequently Asked Questions about postponing jury service, time off from employment, and more. Jury Duty Instructions: 1 Welcome to the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara.", "Greetings from Chief Justice Gants. Welcome, and thank you for visiting the Massachusetts Juror Service Website. The right to a trial by jury is one of the cornerstones of our participatory democracy. The Pilgrims brought the concept of the jury trial with them to Plymouth in 1620. Today, a summons to jury duty continues to empower our citizens with both a privilege and a responsibility. Jurors play an essential role in ensuring a fair and impartial system of justice for all the people of the Commonwealth, and we thank you for your service.", "I have not yet responded to my summons by returning the Jury Information Form...AND my service is at least one week away: Please return the Jury Information Form found on the lower portion of your summons. You will find instructions for requesting a postponement on the back of the form. Be sure to type out your name and include your 9-digit Juror Participant Number. Do not assume your request for a postponement was received and granted unless you receive confirmation back by e-mail or by calling the Jury Information Line as instructed on the back side", "1 You can update your information, request a postponement, disqualification or excuse from jury service on the Prospective Juror Login website. 2 If you are unable to go to our website, complete the response form, sign, date, and mail it within 10 days of receiving the summons. On the page below you can find information about jury duty, including answers to Frequently Asked Questions about postponing jury service, time off from employment, and more. Jury Duty Instructions: 1 Welcome to the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara.", "Each district court summons eligible citizens within the local area. You must contact your local district court website to fill out a Juror Qualifications Questionnaire online or contact your local district court for questions about jury service. ", "Our Mission. Fresno Superior Court has a one-trial or one-day system. If assigned to a courtroom you must return to that court until either dismissed from duty or completion of the trial. On the day you report for jury duty, you will either be involved in jury selection or dismissed from jury duty. If selected as a trial juror, you will be expected to serve for the duration of the trial, which will generally last longer than one day. The Jury Office of the Superior Court of California, County of Fresno, will provide the Courts with qualified jurors from the community, maintain courteous relations and provide excellent service to all jurors while upholding established rules of the Court.", "1 READ the response form on the reverse side of the summons. 2 If you are NOT qualified to serve, want to request an excuse or want a postponement from jury service, you can update your information to request a postponement, disqualification or excuse from jury service on the Prospective Juror Login website. On the page below you can find information about jury duty, including answers to Frequently Asked Questions about postponing jury service, time off from employment, and more. Jury Duty Instructions: 1 Welcome to the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara.", "To be legally qualified for jury service, an individual must: 1 be a United States citizen; 2 be at least 18 years of age; 3 reside primarily in the judicial district for one year; 4 be adequately proficient in English to satisfactorily complete the juror qualification form; 5 have no disqualifying mental or physical condition; ", "Exemptions and Excusals from Jury Duty. Page Content. is deceased is a felon no longer resides in the County of Prince William, City of Manassas or City of Manassas Park is over 70 years of age and wants to be excused The Jury Clerk will send you a confirmation letter, fax or e-mail if you are excused from jury service. Log on using your Juror Identification Number, which is printed on the front of your Jury Duty Summons. 11. Any person whose spouse is summoned to serve on the same jury panel. Action: Send an email, letter or fax stating relevant facts. 12.", "Juror will have to report for jury duty. The Court will determine if a person should be excused. In case of a last minute emergency, call the Jury Clerk at 703-792-6047 or email circuitcourt@pwcgov.org. Please notify the Circuit Court Clerk's Office by email if you find that any of the links on this page do not work. Log on using your Juror Identification Number, which is printed on the front of your Jury Duty Summons. 11. Any person whose spouse is summoned to serve on the same jury panel. Action: Send an email, letter or fax stating relevant facts. 12." ], "url": [ "http://www.scscourt.org/general_info/jury/jury_services.shtml", "http://www.mass.gov/courts/jury-info/", "http://www.wawd.uscourts.gov/jurors/postponement-excuse", "http://www.scscourt.org/general_info/jury/jury_services.shtml", "http://www.uscourts.gov/services-forms/jury-service", "http://www.fresno.courts.ca.gov/jury/", "http://www.scscourt.org/general_info/jury/jury_services.shtml", "http://www.uscourts.gov/services-forms/jury-service/juror-qualifications", "http://www.pwcgov.org/government/courts/circuit/pages/exemptions-and-excusals-from-jury-duty.aspx", "http://www.pwcgov.org/government/courts/circuit/pages/exemptions-and-excusals-from-jury-duty.aspx" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 – 2 Tbs poppy seeds. Directions: 1. In a small bowl mix mustards together with a fork. Stir in honey and vinegar. 2. Whisk in Olive Oil until fully incorporated. 3. Stir in poppy seeds. From here you can move this over into some sort of “dressing” container. But I won’t judge you if you just keep it in the same bowl. And so easy to make. And not full of rancid PUFA grossness. This poppy seed honey mustard dressing is one of my favorites. I love the flavor it brings to whatever I put it on. It’s perfect for salads or used as a dip. My husband puts it on everything.", "Instructions. Place the vinegar, honey, mustard, poppy seeds, and salt in a large, nonreactive bowl, season with pepper, and whisk to combine. While whisking constantly, slowly add the oil until all of it is incorporated", "The noun POPPY SEED has 1 sense: 1. small grey seed of a poppy flower; used whole or ground in baked items. Familiarity information: POPPY SEED used as a noun is very rare. ", "1 Mustard seeds or mustard powder can be used as a condiment in a variety of dishes. 2 Mustard seeds can be used as is or can be roasted in a skillet. 3 While dried mustard powder does not have a very strong quality, mixing it with water initiates an enzymatic process that enhances its pungency and heat. ", "Makes: About 1 cup. A classic poppy seed dressing is a nice change from the standard vinaigrette, and this easy version is a snap to make: Just mix cider vinegar, honey, Dijon mustard, poppy seeds, and oil until a tangy-sweet dressing forms. Place the vinegar, honey, mustard, poppy seeds, and salt in a large, nonreactive bowl, season with pepper, and whisk to combine. While whisking constantly, slowly add the oil until all of it is incorporated", "Poppy seed is an oilseed obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). The tiny kidney-shaped seeds have been harvested from dried seed pods by various civilizations for thousands of years. The seeds are used, whole or ground, as an ingredient in many foods, and they are pressed to yield poppyseed oil. The seeds themselves do not contain significant amounts of opiates. But a poppy tea consumed in some areas and often referred to as doda has been controversial for containing ground opium poppy plant, especially the seed head, and contains significant level", "Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. History [edit]. In the New Testament of the Christian Bible, the mustard seed is used by Jesus in the parable of the mustard seed as a model for the kingdom of God which initially starts small, but grows to be the biggest of all garden plants. Faith is also spoken about in the context of a mustard seed.", "Excellent dressing and I love the crunch from the poppy seeds! rosslare. Red Robin Honey Mustard Poppy Seed Dressing. 5 5. This recipe tastes almost EXACTLY like the Red Robin dressing, it's fantastic. I used Veganaise instead of mayo, that was the only change I made. I used this dressing to make coleslaw, just a package of coleslaw mix, 3/4 cup honey roasted almonds and 3/4 cup craisins with one cup of this dressing and this will be the hit of any party. my842" ], "url": [ "http://www.thankyourbody.com/poppy-seed-honey-mustard-dressing/", "http://www.chowhound.com/recipes/honeypoppy-seed-salad-dressing-30392", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/poppy_seed.htm", "http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=106", "http://www.chowhound.com/recipes/honeypoppy-seed-salad-dressing-30392", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy_seed", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustard_seed", "http://www.food.com/recipe/red-robin-honey-mustard-poppy-seed-dressing-373680" ] }

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[ "Organizational structure is particularly important in achieving goals and results. Organizational structure allows for the chain of command. Department leaders are in charge of delegating tasks and projects to subordinates so the department can meet project deadlines." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The project management structure of the organization and the culture of the organization are major elements of the environment in which a project is initiated. Subsequent chapters will examine how project managers and professionals work within this environment to successfully complete projects. The interaction between project management structure and organizational culture is a complicated one. We have suggested that in certain organizations, culture encourages the implementation of projects. In this environment the project management structure used plays a less decisive role in the success of the project", "The structure defines the relationships among members of the project management and the relationships with the external environment. The structure defines the authority by means of a graphical illustration called an organization chart. A properly designed project organization chart is essential to project success. An important function of the organizations’ top management is to design an organization that fully supports project management. This is done by redesigning the organization to emphasize the nature of the projects and adapting how roles and responsibilities are assigned.", "Organizational structure is very important to an organization. An organizational structure should enable the organization to change or to respond according to its environment. If it is very effective it is called a flexible structure. Mainly there are two types of structures. They are organic structure and mechanistic structure.", "It is a type of organizational structure in which people with similar skills are pooled for work assignments, resulting in more than one manager (sometimes referred to as solid line and dotted line reports, in reference to traditional business organization charts). ", "There are three primary project management organizational structures that have become the foundation for how an organization is run: functional, matrix, and pure project. Each structure has advantages, and if used correctly and in the right environment, the structure can further the completion of projects (Tait, 2010). An organizations structure can help or hurt their ability to achieve success. Some organizational structures can definitely impair the organization’s ability to deliver project success. So choosing the correct organization structure is imperative to the success of that particular organization.", "Organizational structure is particularly important for decision making. Most companies either have a tall or flat organizational structure. Small companies usually use a flat organizational structure. The importance of organizational structure is particularly crucial for communication. Organizational structure enables the distribution of authority. When a person starts a job, he knows from day one to whom he will report.", "Organizational structure is particularly important in achieving goals and results. Organizational structure allows for the chain of command. Department leaders are in charge of delegating tasks and projects to subordinates so the department can meet project deadlines. The importance of organizational structure is particularly crucial for communication. Organizational structure enables the distribution of authority. When a person starts a job, he knows from day one to whom he will report.", "Poor organizational design and structure results in a bewildering morass of contradictions: confusion within roles, a lack of co-ordination among functions, failure to share ideas, and slow decision-making bring managers unnecessary complexity, stress, and conflict. One of the wonderful things about being a coach is that I meet hundreds of executives who freely share their business and leadership challenges with me. As well as helping me understand how hard it is to run an organization, they show me how they are managing to adapt — or not — to changing organizational structures.", "It is also a pity since structure dictates the relationship of roles in an organization, and therefore, how people function. An outdated structure can result in unnecessary ambiguity and confusion and often a lack of accountability. One of the wonderful things about being a coach is that I meet hundreds of executives who freely share their business and leadership challenges with me. As well as helping me understand how hard it is to run an organization, they show me how they are managing to adapt — or not — to changing organizational structures." ], "url": [ "http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073403342/student_view0/chapter3/index.html", "http://www.classtoolkit.org/sites/default/files/documents/PM4DEV_Project_Management_Structures.pdf", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Why-Organizational-Structure-Is-Important-657717.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_management", "http://www.articlearn.com/project-management-organizational-structures-paper/", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-organizational-structure-2783.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-organizational-structure-2783.html", "https://hbr.org/2011/02/the-importance-of-organization", "https://hbr.org/2011/02/the-importance-of-organization" ] }

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[ "When temperature increases, rate of respiration increases as well because the heat speeds up the reactions which means kinetic energy is higher. This means reactions speed up and rate of cellular respiration increases." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The oxidation of glucose proceeds through many reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. As respiration is an enzyme-catalyzed process, its rate is highly dependent on environmental temperature and increases sharply with increases in temperature in the biological range of 0°C to 40°C. Although the process appears complex, the basic patterns can be described in simple terms as outlined in Figure 2-1. Cell respiration is the process by which organisms oxidize food materials to CO2 and H2O. Energy is liberated during respiration since the C and H atoms in the fuel molecules are electron rich as compared to the C and H atoms in", "at 10 degrees and 22 degrees celcius (room. temperature). Temperature Affects on Cellular Respiration By: Celine, Melanie, Brian, and Justin Step 3 Step 5: Step 6: Step 3: First we set up an ice bath at 10 degrees celcius, filled it with water, and set up clamps over it. There are many factors can affect ATP production, one of which is temperature. When temperature increases, rate of respiration increases as well because the heat speeds up the reactions which means kinetic energy is higher. This means reactions speed up and rate of cellular respiration increases.", "Temperature Range. The ideal temperature range for pea respiration to occur is between 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) and 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). The rate of cellular respiration will slow down as temperature exceeds the optimal range. This is because enzymes and other cellular proteins will start to be shaken apart by the excessive energy associated with high temperatures.", "Best Answer: Actually they are not directly related. As temperature increases, so does cellular respiration, BUT only up to a certain point, where it becomes too hot-in which cells start dying. As temperature decreases, cellular respiration slows down, until they too, die. The optimum temperature for cellular respiration is just in between-not to hot, not too cold. For humans, this is about body temperature- 37 degrees celsius", "Respiration slowed down when the temperature was reduced, and respiration increased when the temperature increased. The germinating pea seeds consumed the most oxygen. The vials containing the dry seeds and glass beads had the same result. ", "The relationship between temperature and rate of cellular respiration can be explained by kinetic energy: as kinetic energy increases, reaction rates increase, and thusly the rate of cellular respiration increases. Respiration at 10 Deg. C Respiration at 25 Deg. There are many factors can affect ATP production, one of which is temperature. When temperature increases, rate of respiration increases as well because the heat speeds up the reactions which means kinetic energy is higher. This means reactions speed up and rate of cellular respiration increases.", "The effect of different temperature on the cell respiration. Introduction：. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP,and then release waste products. The process of cell respiration can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen. If we lower the temperature at 7℃ or raise it above 60 ℃ , the rate of cell respiration would slow down,because at the very low temperature(7℃) enzyme will be inactive and at a very high temperature (above 60 ℃), the enzyme would denature and the structure of it changes permanently. VARIABLES. [pic].", "Cell respiration can be viewed as a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions in which carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy. During the process, hydrogen is removed from the fuel molecules and oxygen is consumed. Cell respiration is the process by which organisms oxidize food materials to CO2 and H2O. Energy is liberated during respiration since the C and H atoms in the fuel molecules are electron rich as compared to the C and H atoms in" ], "url": [ "http://modernbio.com/experiment/effects-temperature-cell-respiration", "https://prezi.com/cntaqaaf9ot2/temperature-affects-on-cellular-respiration/", "http://www.gardenguides.com/135745-effect-temperature-pea-respiration.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071116203642AAyTbZv", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_effect_of_temperature_on_pea_respiration", "https://prezi.com/cntaqaaf9ot2/temperature-affects-on-cellular-respiration/", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Effect-Of-Different-Temperature-On-1511233.html", "http://modernbio.com/experiment/effects-temperature-cell-respiration" ] }

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[ "Audio speakers." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Brand name The brand name is often used interchangeably with brand, although it is more correctly used to specifically denote written or spoken linguistic elements of a brand. The act of associating a product or service with a brand has become part of pop culture. Most products have some kind of brand identity, from common table salt to designer clothes.", "A brand (or marque for car model) is a name, term, design, symbol or other feature that distinguishes one seller's product from those of others. Brands are used in business, marketing, and advertising. A line extension is when a current brand name is used to enter a new market segment in the existing product class, with new varieties or flavors or sizes. When Coca-Cola launched Diet Coke and Cherry Coke they stayed within the originating product category: non-alcoholic carbonated beverages.", "In this context a brand name constitutes a type of trademark, if the brand name exclusively identifies the brand owner as the commercial source of products or services. A brand owner may seek to protect proprietary rights in relation to a brand name through trademark registration. The act of associating a product or service with a brand has become part of pop culture. Most products have some kind of brand identity, from common table salt to designer clothes.", "the name of lucky strike originates from the gold rush era of the united states. discovering gold was often referred to as a lucky strike and producers believed if they could associate striking gold with finding a good brand of cigarette, they would increase its appeal to the target consumers. 1 A Career Overview of Brand Managers The value of a company's product or services is known as its brand. 2 A well-known brand earns more money than similar competitors and charges more for its products. 3 And to dev…. 4 Defining Branding in Marketing Branding has become a bit of a buzz word in marketing in recent years.", "Corporate Brand. The Panasonic brand name was created in 1955 and was first used as a brand for audio speakers. It is a combination of the words, Pan, and Sonic, sound and has a meaning of bringing sound our Company creates to the world. Since 2008, it is used as the corporate brand representing the Company, products and services. ", "Brand is the identity and it can be for anything, product, company, service, ce … lebratory, place, country or even one's personality. When a product or something got popularity with a unique identity; name, logo or symbol then it said to be popular brand. The patents are refrred to as Intellectual Property and the cost of the R&D plus profits are part of the equation in why a brand name product is often more expensive than generic.", "History. The Origins of the SONY Brand. The Sony name was created by combining SONUS, the original Latin for SONIC, meaning sound, with SONNY, denoting small size, or a youthful boy. It was chosen for its simple pronunciation that is the same in any language.", "A brandnomer is a brand name that has colloquially become a generic term for a product or service, such as Band-Aid, Nylon, or Kleenex —which are often used to describe any brand of adhesive bandage; any type of hosiery; or any brand of facial tissue respectively. A line extension is when a current brand name is used to enter a new market segment in the existing product class, with new varieties or flavors or sizes. When Coca-Cola launched Diet Coke and Cherry Coke they stayed within the originating product category: non-alcoholic carbonated beverages.", "I'd say it was whiskey....producers used to brand their names on the barrels. [Sep 18 04 8:46 AM] peasypod writes: Yep....US Distillers. The term brand name originated among American distillers, who branded their names and emblems on their kegs before shipment. ", "Next, brand came to mean an identifying mark made by a hot iron (1552)1. It has beco … me a popular bit of trivia that American distilleries would brand the wood casks they shipped alcohol in and that this is the origin of the term brand name.. They are certainly the ones credited with the term, although details are hard to find. The patents are refrred to as Intellectual Property and the cost of the R&D plus profits are part of the equation in why a brand name product is often more expensive than generic." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081115105016AAIVk8c", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081115105016AAIVk8c", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_origin_of_the_brand_name_Lucky_Strike", "http://www.panasonic.com/global/corporate/brand/history.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/With_what_product_did_the_term_brand_name_originate", "http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand", "http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question51050.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/With_what_product_did_the_term_brand_name_originate" ] }

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[ "Graves' eye disease can also be present when the level of thyroid hormone in the blood is normal or low, depending on the degree of glandular stimulation caused by the immune attack and by the amount of thyroid gland destruction present at the time of diagnosis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Graves' eye disease, also known as thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune condition in which immune cells attack the thyroid gland which responds by secreting an excess amount of thyroid hormone. As a result, the thyroid gland enlarges and excess hormones increase metabolism. However, most patients with eye symptoms have abnormal hormone levels that are accompanied by specific antibodies in the blood stream. The components of the disease affecting the thyroid gland and the eyes have common causes, but evolve separately and must each be treated separately.", "There are numerous symptoms of Graves’ disease—an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to over-produce thyroid hormone, which is known as hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, so some Graves’ disease symptoms are the same as hyperthyroidism symptoms. However, people with Graves’ disease may also have other symptoms not related to hyperthyroidism. It can be a challenge to detect Graves’ disease early on. Eye problems that are sometimes related to Graves’ disease can be anywhere from mild to extremely severe. In more mild cases, your eyes may become red and inflamed. Or they may tear or be very sensitive to light. In severe cases, Graves’ disease can cause inflammation of the eye muscles.", "The symptoms that occur in thyroid eye disease include dry eyes, watery eyes, red eyes, bulging eyes, a stare, double vision, difficulty closing the eyes, and problems with vision. Research suggests that the cause of thyroid disease and thyroid eye disease is an autoimmune disorder. ", "While most people with overactive thyroid due to Graves' disease probably have some mild eye changes that do not cause them any symptoms, about three per cent of them with more severe disease will require some form of treatment. The eye involvement, like the thyroid disorder, is mediated in part by white blood cells (lymphocytes) that accumulate in the targeted tissues. These cells produce the antibodies that cause local tissue inflammation and fluid accumulation, resulting in abnormal functioning of the affec", "Clues that your hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves’ disease are the presence of Graves’ eye disease (see above), an enlarged thyroid and a history of other family members with thyroid or autoimmune problems. Although many patients with Graves’ disease have redness and irritation of the eyes at some time, less than five percent ever develop enough inflammation of the eye tissues to cause serious or permanent trouble.", "Also, women are more likely than men to develop the disease. And smokers who develop Graves' disease are more prone to eye problems than nonsmokers with the disease. No single gene causes Graves’ disease. It is thought to be triggered by both genetics and environmental factors, such as stress. Eye trouble -- usually in the form of inflamed and swollen eye muscles and tissues that can cause the eyeballs to protrude from their sockets -- is a distinguishing complication of Graves' disease.", "Graves' eye disease can also be present when the level of thyroid hormone in the blood is normal or low, depending on the degree of glandular stimulation caused by the immune attack and by the amount of thyroid gland destruction present at the time of diagnosis. However, most patients with eye symptoms have abnormal hormone levels that are accompanied by specific antibodies in the blood stream. The components of the disease affecting the thyroid gland and the eyes have common causes, but evolve separately and must each be treated separately.", "Graves’ eye disease, like Graves’ hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder. It is caused by the reaction of antibodies and certain white blood cells called lymphocytes, with proteins in eye muscle, the connective tissue and fat around the eyeball. Graves’ eye disease is an eye condition that occurs in about 50% of patients who currently have, or have had Graves’ hyperthyroidism if eyelid changes are included.", "One of the main causes of exophthalmos in the UK is thyroid eye disease, also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy. This is an autoimmune condition that affects around one in every three people with an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) caused by Graves' disease. ", "Background of eye problems and Graves' disease. Eye problems developing with hyperthyroidism were described over 160 years ago by Dr. Robert Graves of Dublin. That is why it is called Graves' disease. It is now known to be an autoimmune disorder. The eye involvement, like the thyroid disorder, is mediated in part by white blood cells (lymphocytes) that accumulate in the targeted tissues. These cells produce the antibodies that cause local tissue inflammation and fluid accumulation, resulting in abnormal functioning of the affec" ], "url": [ "http://kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/graves.disease.html", "http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/graves-disease/graves-disease-symptoms", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/thyroid_eye_disease", "http://www.allthyroid.org/disorders/hyperthyroidism/eyeproblems.html", "http://www.thyroid.org/graves-disease/", "http://www.webmd.com/women/understanding-graves-disease-basics", "http://kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/graves.disease.html", "http://www.thyroid.ca/ophthalmopathy.php", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Exophthalmos/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.allthyroid.org/disorders/hyperthyroidism/eyeproblems.html" ] }

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[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Another component of the heart-brain communication system was provided by researchers studying the hormonal system. The heart was reclassified as an endocrine gland when, in 1983, a hormone produced and released by the heart called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was isolated. This hormone exerts its effect on the blood vessels, on the kidneys, the adrenal glands, and on a large number of regulatory regions in the brain.", "These hormones also play a role in pregnancy. Although the endocrine glands are the body's main hormone producers, some other organs not in the endocrine system — such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and skin — also produce and release hormones. Once a hormone is secreted, it travels from the endocrine gland that produced it through the bloodstream to the cells designed to receive its message. These cells are called target cells. Along the way to the target cells, special proteins bind to some of th", "A hormone (from Greek ὁρμή, impetus) is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour. Hormone synthesis may occur in specific tissues of endocrine glands or in other specialized cells. Hormone synthesis occurs in response to specific biochemical signals induced by a wide range of regulatory systems.", "Stress causes the body to release the hormone cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands. Cortisol is important to blood pressure regulation and the normal functioning of several body systems including cardiovascular, circulatory and male reproduction. The heart and blood vessels comprise the two elements of the cardiovascular system that work together in providing nourishment and oxygen to the organs of the body. The activity of these two elements is also coordinated in the body's response to stress.", "View full size image. The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things. ", "Endocrine System. The endocrine system is made up of a group of glands that produce the body's long-distance messengers, or hormones. Hormones are chemicals that control body functions, such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The circulatory system is the body's transport system. It is made up of a group of organs that transport blood throughout the body. The heart pumps the blood and the arteries and veins transport it. Oxygen-rich blood leaves the left side of the heart and enters the biggest artery, called the aorta", "Several organs play a major role in helping the endocrine system to work well. Although these organs are not glands themselves, they do produce, store, and send out hormones that help the body to function properly and maintain a healthy balance. ", "The glands that secrete hormones comprise the endocrine signaling system. The term hormone is sometimes extended to include chemicals produced by cells that affect the same cell (autocrine or intracrine signalling) or nearby cells (paracrine signalling). Hormone synthesis may occur in specific tissues of endocrine glands or in other specialized cells. Hormone synthesis occurs in response to specific biochemical signals induced by a wide range of regulatory systems.", "Heart Health. The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. It influences many aspects of the cardiovascular system, which include the heart and blood vessels. " ], "url": [ "http://www.healthwithconfidence.com/heart-hormones.html", "http://www.seattlechildrens.org/kids-health/teens/body/body-basics-library/endocrine-system/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone", "http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress-body.aspx", "http://www.livescience.com/26496-endocrine-system.html", "http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0774536.html", "http://www.hormone.org/hormones-and-health/the-endocrine-system/endocrine-related-organs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone", "https://www.hormone.org/diseases-and-conditions/heart-health-and-metabolism" ] }

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[ "15 to 20 minutes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bring an inch of salt water to a boil in a large pot. Put the crabs in a steamer basket or insert, or simply pile them into the pot and let the bottom crab or two boil slightly and act as a platform for the other crabs to steam. Cook 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the size of the crabs. Remove the steamer or pull the crabs out of the pot with tongs. However you cook the crabs, let them sit until cool enough to handle before you clean and serve them.", "How to eat blue crabs the right way. I guarantee you that if you use my method correctly then you won't waste any delicious crab meat! This video is dedicated to the thousands of blue crabs that are killed and have their meat wasted every year. R.I.P. you delicious crustaceans. ", "3. Place the crabs on the steamer rack. Arrange the crab legs in an even layer on the steamer rack and position the rack over the pot of boiling water. 1 Ideally, you should use a steamer rack or basket that can be lowered into the pot so that the pot itself can be closed. Bake until heated through, turning once. The crab legs will only need to bake for about 7 to 10 minutes total. 1 While it is not completely necessary, flipping the crab at the 4-minute mark promotes even cooking. 2 Just make sure that you place the aluminum foil back on the pan before returning it to the oven.", "Step 1. To steam the crab, bring 1 to 2 inches of water to a boil in a pot that is wide enough and deep enough to accommodate a whole crab. Place the crab in a steamer basket in the pot, cover and steam for 15 to 20 minutes. Step 2. Remove the crab from the steamer and let it rest until cool enough to handle. Then grasp the legs in one hand to use as a handle as you pull off the top red shell with your other hand. Working over the sink, rinse the yellow liquid from the body.", "Here's my tried-and-true method for cooking blue crab: 1 Put an inch or two of water into a big, sturdy pot. 2 Cover the pot, put it on the stove or over a hot campfire, and bring the water to a rolling boil. 3 When the water is boiling, drop your crabs into the pot. 4 Be sure not to pack them in too tightly. Here's my tried-and-true method for cooking blue crab: 1 Put an inch or two of water into a big, sturdy pot. 2 When the water is boiling, drop your crabs into the pot. 3 Put the lid back on the pot, and continue to boil on high heat for about 10 minutes. 4 Lift the lid and check on your crabs.", "How to Cook and Clean a Blue Crab. To cook your crabs, use a large pot. Some like to steam their crabs, whereas others prefer to boil them. Choose a method, add water to your pot, and bring it to a boil. Some people add crab boil, found in grocery stores", "To bake crab legs, preheat an oven to 350 degrees. Place the crab legs in a shallow baking pan in single layers. Place hot water in the pan about 1/8 of an inch deep. Cover the pan with aluminum foil and bake for eight to ten minutes. As you can see, cooking crab legs is not difficult and it only takes a few minutes to prepare. Cooking Frozen Crab Legs. Most frozen crab legs are already pre-cooked so they will just need to be heated. When cooking frozen crab legs, we have found the best way is to place them in a colander or steamer over rapidly boiling water. The pot should be about one-third of the way filled with water.", "Step 2: Add crab legs to the boiling water, bending and tucking the legs so as much of the legs are covered as possible in water. Return the water to boiling. Step 3: Cook the legs, uncovered, for 4 to 5 minutes or until heated through, adjusting occasionally with long tongs to make sure they heat evenly. Most crab legs are cooked and frozen on the fishing boat as soon as the crab is caught. This means they are usually sold frozen as well. 1 Look for crab legs that are fairly thick to ensure they will be meaty and easy to eat.", "Reduce the heat to medium and cook the crab legs for 3 to 6 minutes. 1 Leave the stockpot uncovered as the crab legs cook. 2 The crab legs only need to be cooked long enough to heat them. 3 The water should be at a steady simmer as the crab legs cook. Bake until heated through, turning once. The crab legs will only need to bake for about 7 to 10 minutes total. 1 While it is not completely necessary, flipping the crab at the 4-minute mark promotes even cooking. 2 Just make sure that you place the aluminum foil back on the pan before returning it to the oven." ], "url": [ "http://localfoods.about.com/od/crab/qt/How-To-Cook-Crab.htm", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUW6_CTZd9U", "http://www.wikihow.com/Cook-Crab-Legs", "http://www.eatingwell.com/healthy_cooking/healthy_cooking_101_basics_techniques/kitchen_tips_techniques/how_to_prepare_dungeness_crab", "http://www.affordable-cape-cod-vacations.com/cooking-blue-crab.html", "http://www.sherpaguides.com/georgia/coast/sidebars/blue_crab.html", "http://www.alaskankingcrab.com/pages/prepare", "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/fish/basics/how-to-boil-crab-legs/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Cook-Crab-Legs" ] }

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