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RESULTS	The study group had better oral hygiene than the control group at the end of treatment .	The study group had better oral hygiene than the control group at the end of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS	The healing outcome was comparable in both groups .	The healing outcome was comparable in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS	However , the healing time was significantly longer in the group with the short IMF period .	However, the healing time was significantly longer in the group with the short IMF period.
CONCLUSIONS	The recovery of maximal mouth opening , oral hygiene status , and loss of weight body in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group .	The recovery of maximal mouth opening, oral hygiene status, and loss of weight body in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS	This study suggests that a short period ( 2 weeks ) of IMF in the management of minimally displaced mandibular fractures of the tooth-bearing area in young adults is a suitable alternative to the conventional method in terms of the healing outcome .	This study suggests that a short period (2 weeks) of IMF in the management of minimally displaced mandibular fractures of the tooth-bearing area in young adults is a suitable alternative to the conventional method in terms of the healing outcome.
OBJECTIVE	To be a preliminary , prospective , randomized double blinded , placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Morinda citrifolia Linn or noni for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in patients considered high risk for PONV after various types of surgery .	To be a preliminary, prospective, randomized double blinded, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Morinda citrifolia Linn or noni for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients considered high risk for PONV after various types of surgery.
METHODS	The plant extract was prepared by boiling of dried noni fruit ( maturity stage 3-4 ) then evaporated under standard procedure and processed into capsules .	The plant extract was prepared by boiling of dried noni fruit (maturity stage 3-4) then evaporated under standard procedure and processed into capsules.
METHODS	The doses were 150 mg , 300 mg and 600 mg which are equivalent to 5 , 10 and 20 g of dried noni fruit , respectively .	The doses were 150 mg, 300 mg and 600 mg which are equivalent to 5, 10 and 20 g of dried noni fruit, respectively.
METHODS	One hundred patients of ASA physical status I or II , aged 18-65 years , and considered at risk for PONV , were randomized to receive 150 , 300 , 600 mg of noni extract or a placebo orally 1 hours before surgery .	One hundred patients of ASA physical status I or II, aged 18-65 years, and considered at risk for PONV, were randomized to receive 150, 300, 600 mg of noni extract or a placebo orally 1 hours before surgery.
METHODS	Standard general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were employed .	Standard general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were employed.
RESULTS	Significantly fewer patients who had received the 600 mg noni extract experienced nausea during the first 6 hours compared to the placebo group ( 48 % for the 600 mg noni group and 80 % for the placebo group , p-value = 0.04 ) .	Significantly fewer patients who had received the 600 mg noni extract experienced nausea during the first 6 hours compared to the placebo group (48 % for the 600 mg noni group and 80 % for the placebo group, p-value = 0. 04).
RESULTS	The incidence of PONV in other time periods was not statistically different for all three noni doses compared to the placebo group .	The incidence of PONV in other time periods was not statistically different for all three noni doses compared to the placebo group.
RESULTS	No side effects were reported in all groups .	No side effects were reported in all groups.
CONCLUSIONS	Morinda citrifolia Linn .	Morinda citrifolia Linn.
CONCLUSIONS	has an antiemetic property and prophylactic noni extract at 600 mg ( equivalent to 20g of dried noni fruit or scopoletin 8.712 microg ) effectively reduces the incidence of early postoperative nausea ( 0-6 hours ) .	has an antiemetic property and prophylactic noni extract at 600 mg (equivalent to 20g of dried noni fruit or scopoletin 8. 712 microg) effectively reduces the incidence of early postoperative nausea (0-6 hours).
OBJECTIVE	To observe the efficacy and safety of Rocaltrol ( calcitriol ) and/or Caltrate D ( calicum carbonate plus vitamin D ) in elderly Chinese women with osteopenia or osteoporosis .	To observe the efficacy and safety of Rocaltrol (calcitriol) and/or Caltrate D (calicum carbonate plus vitamin D) in elderly Chinese women with osteopenia or osteoporosis.
METHODS	One hundred fifty Chinese women aged over 65 years with osteopenia or osteoporosis from three centers were randomly divided into two groups .	One hundred fifty Chinese women aged over 65 years with osteopenia or osteoporosis from three centers were randomly divided into two groups.
METHODS	Seventy-six participants received Caltrate D as one pill daily ; the other 74 participants received 0.25 mug Caltrate D plus Rocaltrol daily .	Seventy-six participants received Caltrate D as one pill daily ; the other 74 participants received 0. 25 mug Caltrate D plus Rocaltrol daily.
METHODS	The changes in bone mineral density ( BMD ) served as primary end-points .	The changes in bone mineral density (BMD) served as primary end-points.
METHODS	Height changes , the presence of new vertebral fractures , muscle strength and balance were evaluated .	Height changes, the presence of new vertebral fractures, muscle strength and balance were evaluated.
RESULTS	The following are the mean percentage changes ( and SD ) in BMD over 12 months : at L2-L4 , 0.83 + / -3.88 in the Caltrate D group and 2.84 + / -4.04 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.003 , by ANCOVA ) ; at the femoral neck , 0.04 + / -3.94 in the Caltrate D group and 2.01 + / -5.45 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.085 , by ANCOVA ) ; and in the trochanter , 1.59 + / -4.57 in the Caltrate D group and 3.76 + / -6.25 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.053 , by ANCOVA ) .	The following are the mean percentage changes (and SD) in BMD over 12 months : at L2-L4, 0. 83 + / -3. 88 in the Caltrate D group and 2. 84 + / -4. 04 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group (P = 0. 003, by ANCOVA) ; at the femoral neck, 0. 04 + / -3. 94 in the Caltrate D group and 2. 01 + / -5. 45 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group (P = 0. 085, by ANCOVA) ; and in the trochanter, 1. 59 + / -4. 57 in the Caltrate D group and 3. 76 + / -6. 25 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group (P = 0. 053, by ANCOVA).
RESULTS	The stand and maximal forward reach test ( SMFRT ) was significantly enhanced in both groups during the 12 months of treatment , but no significant differences were found between these two groups .	The stand and maximal forward reach test (SMFRT) was significantly enhanced in both groups during the 12 months of treatment, but no significant differences were found between these two groups.
RESULTS	No severe adverse event related to these medications occurred throughout the study .	No severe adverse event related to these medications occurred throughout the study.
CONCLUSIONS	Treatment with Rocaltrol plus Caltrate D or Caltrate D for 12 months in elderly Chinese postmenopausal women effectively increased BMD at the lumbar spine .	Treatment with Rocaltrol plus Caltrate D or Caltrate D for 12 months in elderly Chinese postmenopausal women effectively increased BMD at the lumbar spine.
CONCLUSIONS	Rocaltrol plus Caltrate D was more effective at the lumbar spine than Caltrate D alone .	Rocaltrol plus Caltrate D was more effective at the lumbar spine than Caltrate D alone.
OBJECTIVE	To assess differences through grade 8 in diet , physical activity , and related health indicators of students who participated in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health ( CATCH ) school and family intervention from grades 3 through 5 .	To assess differences through grade 8 in diet, physical activity, and related health indicators of students who participated in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) school and family intervention from grades 3 through 5.
METHODS	Follow-up of the 4-center , randomized , controlled field trial with 56 intervention and 40 control elementary schools .	Follow-up of the 4-center, randomized, controlled field trial with 56 intervention and 40 control elementary schools.
METHODS	We studied 3714 ( 73 % ) of the initial CATCH cohort of 5106 students from ethnically diverse backgrounds in California , Louisiana , Minnesota , and Texas at grades 6 , 7 , and 8 .	We studied 3714 (73 %) of the initial CATCH cohort of 5106 students from ethnically diverse backgrounds in California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas at grades 6, 7, and 8.
RESULTS	Self-reported daily energy intake from fat at baseline was virtually identical in the control ( 32.7 % ) and intervention ( 32.6 % ) groups .	Self-reported daily energy intake from fat at baseline was virtually identical in the control (32. 7 %) and intervention (32. 6 %) groups.
RESULTS	At grade 5 , the intake for controls remained at 32.2 % , while the intake for the intervention group declined to 30.3 % ( P < .001 ) .	At grade 5, the intake for controls remained at 32. 2 %, while the intake for the intervention group declined to 30. 3 % (P <. 001).
RESULTS	At grade 8 , the between-group differential was maintained ( 31.6 % vs 30.6 % , P = .01 ) .	At grade 8, the between-group differential was maintained (31. 6 % vs 30. 6 %, P =. 01).
RESULTS	Intervention students maintained significantly higher self-reported daily vigorous activity than control students ( P = .001 ) , although the difference declined from 13.6 minutes in grade 5 to 11.2 , 10.8 , and 8.8 minutes in grades 6 , 7 , and 8 , respectively .	Intervention students maintained significantly higher self-reported daily vigorous activity than control students (P =. 001), although the difference declined from 13. 6 minutes in grade 5 to 11. 2, 10. 8, and 8. 8 minutes in grades 6, 7, and 8, respectively.
RESULTS	Significant differences in favor of the intervention students also persisted at grade 8 for dietary knowledge and dietary intentions , but not for social support for physical activity .	Significant differences in favor of the intervention students also persisted at grade 8 for dietary knowledge and dietary intentions, but not for social support for physical activity.
RESULTS	No impact on smoking behavior or stages of contemplating smoking was detected at grade 8 .	No impact on smoking behavior or stages of contemplating smoking was detected at grade 8.
RESULTS	No significant differences were noted among physiologic indicators of body mass index , blood pressure , or serum lipid and cholesterol levels .	No significant differences were noted among physiologic indicators of body mass index, blood pressure, or serum lipid and cholesterol levels.
CONCLUSIONS	The original CATCH results demonstrated that school-level interventions could modify school lunch and school physical education programs as well as influence student behaviors .	The original CATCH results demonstrated that school-level interventions could modify school lunch and school physical education programs as well as influence student behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS	This 3-year follow-up without further intervention suggests that the behavioral changes initiated during the elementary school years persisted to early adolescence for self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors .	This 3-year follow-up without further intervention suggests that the behavioral changes initiated during the elementary school years persisted to early adolescence for self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors.
BACKGROUND	Intralesional vinblastine has been used to treat Kaposi 's sarcoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS-KS ) .	Intralesional vinblastine has been used to treat Kaposi 's sarcoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS-KS).
BACKGROUND	Injections are painful and anticipated response rates are not well documented .	Injections are painful and anticipated response rates are not well documented.
OBJECTIVE	Eleven homosexual men were studied to evaluate the efficacy and pain associated with intralesional vinblastine with or without 1 % bicarbonate buffered lidocaine ( BBL ) .	Eleven homosexual men were studied to evaluate the efficacy and pain associated with intralesional vinblastine with or without 1 % bicarbonate buffered lidocaine (BBL).