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METHODS | Sixty SAP cases were divided at random into treatment group and control group ( 30 cases each ) . | Sixty SAP cases were divided at random into treatment group and control group (30 cases each). |
METHODS | The treatment group were given chai-hu-shi-huang-soup once a day ; the control group were given Dachaihu soup once daily , with both treatment period for 7 days . | The treatment group were given chai-hu-shi-huang-soup once a day ; the control group were given Dachaihu soup once daily, with both treatment period for 7 days. |
METHODS | The tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) , interleukin level 6 ( IL-6 ) and 10 ( IL-10 ) of both groups were determined before and after the treatment . | The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin level 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10) of both groups were determined before and after the treatment. |
METHODS | We also had 30 healthy cases . | We also had 30 healthy cases. |
RESULTS | IL-10 level in both groups was lower than healthy group while TNF-alpha and IL-6 were higher than healthy group ( P < 0.01 ) . | IL-10 level in both groups was lower than healthy group while TNF-alpha and IL-6 were higher than healthy group (P < 0. 01). |
RESULTS | After treatment , the treatment group 's TNF-alpha , IL-6 level were comparatively lower than that in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) , and IL-10 level were clearly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.01 ) , comparison of the treatment group before treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . | After treatment, the treatment group 's TNF-alpha, IL-6 level were comparatively lower than that in the control group (P < 0. 01), and IL-10 level were clearly higher than that of the control group (P < 0. 01), comparison of the treatment group before treatment (P < 0. 01). |
CONCLUSIONS | Chaihu Shihuang soup can significantly regulate cytokine and improve early recovery of SAP . | Chaihu Shihuang soup can significantly regulate cytokine and improve early recovery of SAP. |
BACKGROUND | Paclitaxel and gemcitabine ( PG ) combination chemotherapy is effective as a maintenance chemotherapeutic regimen in metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) patients because it increases progression-free survival ( PFS ) , which increases overall survival ( OS ) . | Paclitaxel and gemcitabine (PG) combination chemotherapy is effective as a maintenance chemotherapeutic regimen in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients because it increases progression-free survival (PFS), which increases overall survival (OS). |
BACKGROUND | The primary purpose of our study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the genes involved in PG pathways and clinical outcomes in MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy . | The primary purpose of our study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the genes involved in PG pathways and clinical outcomes in MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy. |
METHODS | A total of 324 MBC patients were enrolled in this prospective multicenter trial of PG as the first-line chemotherapy . | A total of 324 MBC patients were enrolled in this prospective multicenter trial of PG as the first-line chemotherapy. |
METHODS | Eighty-five of the 324 patients from two institutes were available for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) . | Eighty-five of the 324 patients from two institutes were available for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). |
METHODS | Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells . | Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
METHODS | Thirty-eight SNPs in 15 candidate genes selected from pathways that may influence the metabolism and transport of , or sensitivity , to PG were analysed . | Thirty-eight SNPs in 15 candidate genes selected from pathways that may influence the metabolism and transport of, or sensitivity, to PG were analysed. |
RESULTS | The median PFS and OS of all 324 patients were 8.7 months ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 7.5-9 .6 months ) and 26.9 months ( 95 % CI : 23.6-30 .1 months ) , respectively . | The median PFS and OS of all 324 patients were 8. 7 months (95 % confidence interval [CI] : 7. 5-9. 6 months) and 26. 9 months (95 % CI : 23. 6-30. 1 months), respectively. |
RESULTS | An SNP in SLC28A3 ( rs7867504 , C/T ) was associated with OS ( CC or CT versus TT : 37 versus 21 months , p = 0.027 , hazard ratio [ HR ] 2.6 , 95 % CI : 1.1-6 .3 ) . | An SNP in SLC28A3 (rs7867504, C/T) was associated with OS (CC or CT versus TT : 37 versus 21 months, p = 0. 027, hazard ratio [HR] 2. 6, 95 % CI : 1. 1-6. 3). |
RESULTS | SLC29A1 GA haplotype had a significantly shorter OS ( p = 0.030 , HR 3.391 , 95 % CI : 1.13-10 .19 ) . | SLC29A1 GA haplotype had a significantly shorter OS (p = 0. 030, HR 3. 391, 95 % CI : 1. 13-10. 19). |
RESULTS | RRM1 ( ribonucleotide reductase large subunit M1 ) SNP ( rs9937 ) , and haplotypes ATAA and ATGA were significantly associated with neurotoxicity . | RRM1 (ribonucleotide reductase large subunit M1) SNP (rs9937), and haplotypes ATAA and ATGA were significantly associated with neurotoxicity. |
CONCLUSIONS | Genetic polymorphisms in SLC28A3 , SLC29A1 and RRM1 can influence the clinical outcome of MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy . | Genetic polymorphisms in SLC28A3, SLC29A1 and RRM1 can influence the clinical outcome of MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy. |
CONCLUSIONS | Further studies on the functional mechanisms relating to these germline polymorphisms in these genes are warranted . | Further studies on the functional mechanisms relating to these germline polymorphisms in these genes are warranted. |
OBJECTIVE | Elderly patients form a heterogeneous population . | Elderly patients form a heterogeneous population. |
OBJECTIVE | Evaluation of geriatric factors may help evaluate a patient 's health status to better adapt treatment . | Evaluation of geriatric factors may help evaluate a patient 's health status to better adapt treatment. |
METHODS | Elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) were randomly assigned to receive fluorouracil ( FU ) - based chemotherapy either alone or in combination with irinotecan ( IRI ) in the Fdration Francophone de Cancrologie Digestive ( FFCD ) 2001-02 study . | Elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were randomly assigned to receive fluorouracil (FU) - based chemotherapy either alone or in combination with irinotecan (IRI) in the Fdration Francophone de Cancrologie Digestive (FFCD) 2001-02 study. |
METHODS | Sites participating in the geriatric substudy completed geriatric screening tools to perform prognostic factor analyses for treatment safety during the first 4 months after treatment initiation . | Sites participating in the geriatric substudy completed geriatric screening tools to perform prognostic factor analyses for treatment safety during the first 4 months after treatment initiation. |
RESULTS | The geriatric score was calculated in 123 patients ( 44 % ) . | The geriatric score was calculated in 123 patients (44 %). |
RESULTS | Median age was 80 years ( range , 75 to 91 years ) . | Median age was 80 years (range, 75 to 91 years). |
RESULTS | The Charlson comorbidity index was 1 in 75 % , Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) score was 27/30 in 31 % , and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living ( IADL ) showed impairment in 34 % of the patients . | The Charlson comorbidity index was 1 in 75 %, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 27/30 in 31 %, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) showed impairment in 34 % of the patients. |
RESULTS | Seventy-one patients ( 58 % ) had grade 3 to 4 toxicity , 41 ( 33 % ) had a dose-intensity reduction of more than 33 % , and 54 ( 44 % ) had at least one unexpected hospitalization during the first 4 months after starting treatment . | Seventy-one patients (58 %) had grade 3 to 4 toxicity, 41 (33 %) had a dose-intensity reduction of more than 33 %, and 54 (44 %) had at least one unexpected hospitalization during the first 4 months after starting treatment. |
RESULTS | In multivariate analysis , significant predictive factors for grade 3-4 toxicity were IRI arm ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 5.03 ) , MMSE 27/30 ( OR , 3.84 ) , and impaired IADL ( OR , 4.67 ) ; for dose-intensity reduction of > 33 % , the significant predictive factors were alkaline phosphates > 2 upper limit of normal ( OR , 4.16 ) and IRI arm ( OR , 6.85 ) ; and for unexpected hospitalization , significant predictive factors were MMSE 27/30 ( OR , 4.56 ) and Geriatric Depression Scale 2 ( OR , 5.52 ) . | In multivariate analysis, significant predictive factors for grade 3-4 toxicity were IRI arm (odds ratio [OR], 5. 03), MMSE 27/30 (OR, 3. 84), and impaired IADL (OR, 4. 67) ; for dose-intensity reduction of > 33 %, the significant predictive factors were alkaline phosphates > 2 upper limit of normal (OR, 4. 16) and IRI arm (OR, 6. 85) ; and for unexpected hospitalization, significant predictive factors were MMSE 27/30 (OR, 4. 56) and Geriatric Depression Scale 2 (OR, 5. 52). |
CONCLUSIONS | Geriatric factors ( MMSE and IADL ) are predictive of severe toxicity or unexpected hospitalization ( MMSE ) in a randomized prospective phase III study in mCRC . | Geriatric factors (MMSE and IADL) are predictive of severe toxicity or unexpected hospitalization (MMSE) in a randomized prospective phase III study in mCRC. |
CONCLUSIONS | These results suggest that cognitive function and autonomy impairment should be taken into account when choosing a regimen for chemotherapy . | These results suggest that cognitive function and autonomy impairment should be taken into account when choosing a regimen for chemotherapy. |
OBJECTIVE | To study the effect of aldose reductase inhibition with ponalrestat on resistance to ischemic conduction block ( RICB ) in diabetic subjects . | To study the effect of aldose reductase inhibition with ponalrestat on resistance to ischemic conduction block (RICB) in diabetic subjects. |
METHODS | Twenty-one healthy diabetic subjects without neuropathy were studied . | Twenty-one healthy diabetic subjects without neuropathy were studied. |
METHODS | Subjects were randomized to take either a double-blind trial of 600 mg ponalrestat or placebo once daily for 6 wk . | Subjects were randomized to take either a double-blind trial of 600 mg ponalrestat or placebo once daily for 6 wk. |
METHODS | The median nerve action potential ( MNAP ) and conduction velocity ( NCV ) , before and after 20 min of forearm ischemia , were measured at the start and finish of the study . | The median nerve action potential (MNAP) and conduction velocity (NCV), before and after 20 min of forearm ischemia, were measured at the start and finish of the study. |
RESULTS | RICB ( MNAP remaining after ischemia ) decreased from 39.5 to 29.4 % in the ponalrestat-treated group ( P less than 0.05 ) and increased from 48.1 + / - 10.2 to 49.5 + / - 6.5 % in the placebo-treated group . | RICB (MNAP remaining after ischemia) decreased from 39. 5 to 29. 4 % in the ponalrestat-treated group (P less than 0. 05) and increased from 48. 1 + / - 10. 2 to 49. 5 + / - 6. 5 % in the placebo-treated group. |
RESULTS | MNAP and NCV were unchanged in both groups . | MNAP and NCV were unchanged in both groups. |
CONCLUSIONS | Aldose reductase inhibition with ponalrestat partly reverses RICB in diabetes , perhaps by improving nerve hypoxia or reducing nerve energy substrates . | Aldose reductase inhibition with ponalrestat partly reverses RICB in diabetes, perhaps by improving nerve hypoxia or reducing nerve energy substrates. |
BACKGROUND | Pain is a common symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) . | Pain is a common symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). |
BACKGROUND | We investigated the effects of the treatments used in the PACE trial [ cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) , graded exercise therapy ( GET ) , adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) and specialist medical care ( SMC ) ] on pain in CFS . | We investigated the effects of the treatments used in the PACE trial [cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), graded exercise therapy (GET), adaptive pacing therapy (APT) and specialist medical care (SMC)] on pain in CFS. |
METHODS | We compared pain outcomes including individual painful symptoms , taken from the CDC criteria for CFS and co-morbid fibromyalgia . | We compared pain outcomes including individual painful symptoms, taken from the CDC criteria for CFS and co-morbid fibromyalgia. |
METHODS | We modelled outcomes adjusting for baseline variables with multiple linear regression . | We modelled outcomes adjusting for baseline variables with multiple linear regression. |
RESULTS | Significantly less frequent muscle pain was reported by patients following treatment with CBT compared to SMC ( mean difference = 0.38 unit change in frequency , p = 0.02 ) , GET versus SMC ( 0.42 , p = 0.01 ) and GET versus APT ( 0.37 , p = 0.01 ) . | Significantly less frequent muscle pain was reported by patients following treatment with CBT compared to SMC (mean difference = 0. 38 unit change in frequency, p = 0. 02), GET versus SMC (0. 42, p = 0. 01) and GET versus APT (0. 37, p = 0. 01). |
RESULTS | Significantly less joint pain was reported following CBT versus APT ( 0.35 , p = 0.02 ) and GET versus APT ( 0.36 , p = 0.02 ) . | Significantly less joint pain was reported following CBT versus APT (0. 35, p = 0. 02) and GET versus APT (0. 36, p = 0. 02). |
RESULTS | Co-morbid fibromyalgia was less frequent following GET versus SMC ( 0.03 , p = 0.03 ) . | Co-morbid fibromyalgia was less frequent following GET versus SMC (0. 03, p = 0. 03). |
RESULTS | The effect sizes of these differences varied between 0.25 and 0.31 for muscle pain and 0.24 and 0.26 for joint pain . | The effect sizes of these differences varied between 0. 25 and 0. 31 for muscle pain and 0. 24 and 0. 26 for joint pain. |
RESULTS | Treatment effects on pain were independent of ` change in fatigue ' . | Treatment effects on pain were independent of'change in fatigue '. |
CONCLUSIONS | CBT and GET were more effective in reducing the frequency of both muscle and joint pain than APT and SMC . | CBT and GET were more effective in reducing the frequency of both muscle and joint pain than APT and SMC. |
CONCLUSIONS | When compared to SMC , GET also reduced the frequency of co-morbid fibromyalgia ; the size of this effect on pain was small . | When compared to SMC, GET also reduced the frequency of co-morbid fibromyalgia ; the size of this effect on pain was small. |
BACKGROUND | Poor nutritional quality of complementary foods often limits growth . | Poor nutritional quality of complementary foods often limits growth. |
BACKGROUND | Animal source foods , such as milk or meat , are often unaffordable . | Animal source foods, such as milk or meat, are often unaffordable. |
BACKGROUND | Local affordable alternatives are needed . | Local affordable alternatives are needed. |
OBJECTIVE | We evaluate the efficacy of 2 newly developed , rice-based complementary food products : WinFood ( WF ) with small fish and edible spiders and WinFood-Lite ( WF-L ) fortified with small fish , against 2 existing fortified corn-soy blend products , CSB + ( purely plant based ) and CSB + + ( 8 % dried skimmed milk ) . | We evaluate the efficacy of 2 newly developed, rice-based complementary food products : WinFood (WF) with small fish and edible spiders and WinFood-Lite (WF-L) fortified with small fish, against 2 existing fortified corn-soy blend products, CSB + (purely plant based) and CSB + + (8 % dried skimmed milk). |
METHODS | In total , 419 infants aged 6 mo were enrolled in this randomized , single-blinded study for 9 mo , designed primarily to assess increments in fat-free mass by a deuterium dilution technique and change in plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor . | In total, 419 infants aged 6 mo were enrolled in this randomized, single-blinded study for 9 mo, designed primarily to assess increments in fat-free mass by a deuterium dilution technique and change in plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor. |
METHODS | Secondary endpoints were changes in anthropometric variables , including knee-heel length . | Secondary endpoints were changes in anthropometric variables, including knee-heel length. |
METHODS | Data were analyzed by the intention-to-treat approach . | Data were analyzed by the intention-to-treat approach. |
RESULTS | There was no difference in fat-free mass increment in WF or WF-L compared with CSB + [ WF : +0.04 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.20 , 0.28 kg ) ; WF-L : +0.14 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.10 , 0.38 kg ) ] or CSB + + [ WF : -0.03 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.27 , 0.21 kg ) ; WF-L : +0.07 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.18 , 0.31 kg ) ] and no effect on iron status . | There was no difference in fat-free mass increment in WF or WF-L compared with CSB + [WF : +0. 04 kg (95 % CI : -0. 20, 0. 28 kg) ; WF-L : +0. 14 kg (95 % CI : -0. 10, 0. 38 kg)] or CSB + + [WF : -0. 03 kg (95 % CI : -0. 27, 0. 21 kg) ; WF-L : +0. 07 kg (95 % CI : -0. 18, 0. 31 kg)] and no effect on iron status. |
RESULTS | The 1.7-mm ( 95 % CI : -0.1 , 3.5 mm ) greater increase in knee-heel length in WF-L than in CSB + was not significant . | The 1. 7-mm (95 % CI : -0. 1, 3. 5 mm) greater increase in knee-heel length in WF-L than in CSB + was not significant. |
CONCLUSIONS | No difference was found between the locally produced products ( WF and WF-L ) and the CSBs . | No difference was found between the locally produced products (WF and WF-L) and the CSBs. |
CONCLUSIONS | Micronutrient fortification may be necessary , and small fish may be an affordable alternative to milk to improve complementary foods . | Micronutrient fortification may be necessary, and small fish may be an affordable alternative to milk to improve complementary foods. |
CONCLUSIONS | The dietary role of edible spiders needs to be further explored . | The dietary role of edible spiders needs to be further explored. |
CONCLUSIONS | This trial was registered at controlled-trials . | This trial was registered at controlled-trials. |
CONCLUSIONS | com as ISRCTN19918531 . | com as ISRCTN19918531. |
OBJECTIVE | This study investigated the effect of contingent electrical stimulation ( CES ) on present pain intensity ( PI ) , pressure pain threshold ( PPT ) , and electromyographic events per hour of sleep ( EMG/h ) on probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain . | This study investigated the effect of contingent electrical stimulation (CES) on present pain intensity (PI), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and electromyographic events per hour of sleep (EMG/h) on probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain. |
METHODS | The study enrolled 15 probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain in 3 phases : ( 1 ) baseline EMG/h recording , ( 2 ) biofeedback treatment using a CES paradigm ( active group , n = 7 ) or inactive device ( control group , n = 8 ) , and ( 3 ) posttreatment EMG/h recording . | The study enrolled 15 probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain in 3 phases : (1) baseline EMG/h recording, (2) biofeedback treatment using a CES paradigm (active group, n = 7) or inactive device (control group, n = 8), and (3) posttreatment EMG/h recording. |
METHODS | PI and PPT were assessed after each phase . | PI and PPT were assessed after each phase. |
METHODS | Analysis of variance models were used to compare results at a 5 % significance level . | Analysis of variance models were used to compare results at a 5 % significance level. |
RESULTS | Patients in the active group had 35 % lower EMG/h in P2 and 38.4 % lower EMG/h in P3 , when compared with baseline . | Patients in the active group had 35 % lower EMG/h in P2 and 38. 4 % lower EMG/h in P3, when compared with baseline. |
RESULTS | There were no differences in PI or PPT levels at any phase . | There were no differences in PI or PPT levels at any phase. |
CONCLUSIONS | CES could reduce EMG activity associated with sleep bruxism in patients with masticatory myofascial pain but did not influence perceived pain . | CES could reduce EMG activity associated with sleep bruxism in patients with masticatory myofascial pain but did not influence perceived pain. |
BACKGROUND | Mortality after ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) has reduced with reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) , which may have impacted on the adverse outcomes of cardiogenic shock ( CS ) and congestive heart failure ( CHF ) . | Mortality after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has reduced with reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which may have impacted on the adverse outcomes of cardiogenic shock (CS) and congestive heart failure (CHF). |
RESULTS | In the APEX-AMI trial , 5,745 patients with STEMI and planned primary PCI were randomly assigned pexelizumab or matching placebo . | In the APEX-AMI trial, 5, 745 patients with STEMI and planned primary PCI were randomly assigned pexelizumab or matching placebo. |
RESULTS | Post-randomization CS or CHF was adjudicated by a clinical endpoints committee . | Post-randomization CS or CHF was adjudicated by a clinical endpoints committee. |
RESULTS | Treatment assignment to pexelizumab did not influence either endpoint or mortality rates . | Treatment assignment to pexelizumab did not influence either endpoint or mortality rates. |
RESULTS | Cardiogenic shock developed in 196 patients ( 3.4 % ) at a median of 6.0 hours ( interquartile range 3.9-28 .3 ) post-randomization , and mortality at 90 days was 54.6 % . | Cardiogenic shock developed in 196 patients (3. 4 %) at a median of 6. 0 hours (interquartile range 3. 9-28. 3) post-randomization, and mortality at 90 days was 54. 6 %. |
RESULTS | Congestive heart failure occurred in 254 of patients ( 4.4 % ) at a median of 2.6 days ( IQR 1.0-16 .6 ) , and mortality through 90 days was 10.2 % ; mortality among those with neither endpoint was 2.1 % . | Congestive heart failure occurred in 254 of patients (4. 4 %) at a median of 2. 6 days (IQR 1. 0-16. 6), and mortality through 90 days was 10. 2 % ; mortality among those with neither endpoint was 2. 1 %. |
RESULTS | Patients with CS or CHF were older , were more often female , and had more hypertension and diabetes , but smoked less compared with non-CS/CHF patients ( all P < .05 ) . | Patients with CS or CHF were older, were more often female, and had more hypertension and diabetes, but smoked less compared with non-CS/CHF patients (all P <. 05). |
RESULTS | Independent mortality predictors among those with CS or CHF were hyperlipidemia and a history of angina ( interaction P = .011 and .008 , respectively ) ; procedural predictors among survivors to PCI were pre-PCI Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) flow 0-1 and post-PCI TIMI flow < 3 ( P = .013 and < .0001 , respectively ) . | Independent mortality predictors among those with CS or CHF were hyperlipidemia and a history of angina (interaction P =. 011 and. 008, respectively) ; procedural predictors among survivors to PCI were pre-PCI Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 0-1 and post-PCI TIMI flow < 3 (P =. 013 and <. 0001, respectively). |
CONCLUSIONS | Survival after CS remains poor despite aggressive reperfusion . | Survival after CS remains poor despite aggressive reperfusion. |
CONCLUSIONS | Both CS and CHF remain the major causes of death among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI . | Both CS and CHF remain the major causes of death among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. |
CONCLUSIONS | Future studies should examine treatments that aim to reduce mortality in these highest risk patients . | Future studies should examine treatments that aim to reduce mortality in these highest risk patients. |
BACKGROUND | Inappropriate use of antidepressants ( AD ) , defined as either continuation in the absence of a proper indication or continuation despite the lack of therapeutic efficacy , applies to approximately half of all long term AD users . | Inappropriate use of antidepressants (AD), defined as either continuation in the absence of a proper indication or continuation despite the lack of therapeutic efficacy, applies to approximately half of all long term AD users. |
METHODS | We have designed a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the ( cost - ) effectiveness of an antidepressant cessation advice in the absence of a proper indication for maintenance treatment with antidepressants in primary care.We will select all patients using antidepressants for over 9 months from 45 general practices . | We have designed a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the (cost -) effectiveness of an antidepressant cessation advice in the absence of a proper indication for maintenance treatment with antidepressants in primary care. We will select all patients using antidepressants for over 9 months from 45 general practices. |
METHODS | Patients will be diagnosed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview ( CIDI ) version 3.0 , extended with questions about the psychiatric history and previous treatment strategies . | Patients will be diagnosed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3. 0, extended with questions about the psychiatric history and previous treatment strategies. |
METHODS | General practices will be randomized to either the intervention or the control group . | General practices will be randomized to either the intervention or the control group. |
METHODS | In case of overtreatment , defined as the absence of a proper indication according to current guidelines , a cessation advice is given to the general practitioner . | In case of overtreatment, defined as the absence of a proper indication according to current guidelines, a cessation advice is given to the general practitioner. |
METHODS | In the control groups no specific information is given . | In the control groups no specific information is given. |
METHODS | The primary outcome measure will be the proportion of patients that successfully discontinue their antidepressants at one-year follow-up . | The primary outcome measure will be the proportion of patients that successfully discontinue their antidepressants at one-year follow-up. |
METHODS | Secondary outcomes are dimensional measures of psychopathology and costs . | Secondary outcomes are dimensional measures of psychopathology and costs. |
CONCLUSIONS | This study protocol provides a detailed overview of the design of the trial . | This study protocol provides a detailed overview of the design of the trial. |
CONCLUSIONS | Study results will be of importance for refining current guidelines . | Study results will be of importance for refining current guidelines. |
CONCLUSIONS | If the intervention is effective it can be used in managed care programs . | If the intervention is effective it can be used in managed care programs. |
BACKGROUND | NTR2032 . | NTR2032. |
OBJECTIVE | Recent studies show that cerebral - amyloid ( A ) deposition is associated with blood pressure and measures of arterial stiffness in nondemented individuals . | Recent studies show that cerebral - amyloid (A) deposition is associated with blood pressure and measures of arterial stiffness in nondemented individuals. |
OBJECTIVE | To examine the association between measures of arterial stiffness and change in A deposition over time . | To examine the association between measures of arterial stiffness and change in A deposition over time. |
METHODS | Deposition of A was determined in a longitudinal observational study of aging by positron emission tomography using the Pittsburgh compound B twice 2 years apart in 81 nondemented individuals 83 years and older . | Deposition of A was determined in a longitudinal observational study of aging by positron emission tomography using the Pittsburgh compound B twice 2 years apart in 81 nondemented individuals 83 years and older. |
METHODS | Arterial stiffness was measured with a noninvasive and automated waveform analyzer at the time closest to the second positron emission tomography scan . | Arterial stiffness was measured with a noninvasive and automated waveform analyzer at the time closest to the second positron emission tomography scan. |
METHODS | All measures were performed under standardized conditions . | All measures were performed under standardized conditions. |
METHODS | Pulse wave velocity ( PWV ) was measured in the central ( carotid-femoral and heart-femoral PWV ) , peripheral ( femoral-ankle PWV ) , and mixed ( brachial-ankle PWV ) vascular beds . | Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in the central (carotid-femoral and heart-femoral PWV), peripheral (femoral-ankle PWV), and mixed (brachial-ankle PWV) vascular beds. |
METHODS | The change in A deposition over 2 years was calculated from the 81 individuals with repeat A-positron emission tomography . | The change in A deposition over 2 years was calculated from the 81 individuals with repeat A-positron emission tomography. |
RESULTS | The proportion of A-positive individuals increased from 48 % at baseline to 75 % at follow-up . | The proportion of A-positive individuals increased from 48 % at baseline to 75 % at follow-up. |