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RESULTS | Analysis of QoL questionnaires showed overall improvement in both groups , with no significant difference between them . |
CONCLUSIONS | The vaginal colposuspension technique of anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair gave good anatomical and functional results at 2years . |
CONCLUSIONS | Transobturator vaginal mesh gave better 2-year anatomical results than vaginal colposuspension , with overall improvement in QoL in both groups . |
###25249651 | null |
OBJECTIVE | Clinical studies evaluating the effects of medications on - cell function in type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) are compromised by an inability to determine the actual baseline degree of - cell dysfunction independent of the reversible dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia ( glucotoxicity ) . |
OBJECTIVE | Short-term intensive insulin therapy ( IIT ) is a strategy for eliminating glucotoxicity before randomization . |
OBJECTIVE | This study determined whether liraglutide can preserve - cell function over 48 weeks in early T2DM following initial elimination of glucotoxicity with IIT . |
METHODS | In this double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , 51 patients with T2DM of 2.6 1.9 years ' duration and an A1C of 6.8 0.8 % ( 51 8.7 mmol/mol ) completed 4 weeks of IIT before randomization to daily subcutaneous liraglutide or placebo injection , with serial assessment of - cell function by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 ( ISSI-2 ) on oral glucose tolerance test performed every 12 weeks . |
RESULTS | The primary outcome of baseline-adjusted ISSI-2 at 48 weeks was higher in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group ( 339.8 27.8 vs. 229.3 28.4 , P = 0.008 ) . |
RESULTS | Baseline-adjusted HbA1c at 48 weeks was lower in the liraglutide group ( 6.2 0.1 % vs. 6.6 0.1 % , P = 0.055 ) ( 44 1.1 vs. 49 1.1 mmol/mol ) . |
RESULTS | At each quarterly assessment , > 50 % of participants on liraglutide had an HbA1c 6.0 % ( 42 mmol/mol ) and glucose tolerance in the nondiabetic range . |
RESULTS | Despite this level of glycemic control , no difference was found in the incidence of hypoglycemia between the liraglutide and placebo groups ( P = 0.61 ) . |
RESULTS | Two weeks after stopping treatment , however , the beneficial effect on ISSI-2 of liraglutide versus placebo was entirely lost ( 191.9 24.7 vs. 238.1 25.2 , P = 0.20 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | Liraglutide provides robust enhancement of - cell function that is sustained over 48 weeks in early T2DM but lost upon cessation of therapy . |
###25110443 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To investigate the effectiveness of rectally administered indomethacin in the prophylaxis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in a multicentre study . |
METHODS | A prospective , randomised , placebo-controlled multicentre study in five endoscopic units was conducted on 686 patients randomised to receive a suppository containing 100 mg indomethacin , or an inert placebo , 10-15 min before ERCP . |
METHODS | Post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia were evaluated 24 h following the procedure on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory parameters , and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings if required . |
RESULTS | Twenty-one patients were excluded because of incompleteness of their data or because of protocol violation . |
RESULTS | The results of 665 investigations were evaluated : 347 in the indomethacin group and 318 in the placebo group . |
RESULTS | The distributions of the risk factors in the two groups did not differ significantly . |
RESULTS | Pancreatitis developed in 42 patients ( 6.3 % ) : it was mild in 34 ( 5.1 % ) and severe in eight ( 1.2 % ) cases . |
RESULTS | Hyperamylaesemia occurred in 160 patients ( 24.1 % ) . |
RESULTS | There was no significant difference between the indomethacin and placebo groups in the incidence of either post-ERCP pancreatitis ( 5.8 % vs 6.9 % ) or hyperamylasaemia ( 23.3 % vs 24.8 % ) . |
RESULTS | Similarly , subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups . |
CONCLUSIONS | 100 mg rectal indomethacin administered before ERCP did not prove effective in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis . |
###24249722 | null |
BACKGROUND | We sought to determine the incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes in treated elderly hypertensive patients and the prognostic impact of diabetes on long-term survival . |
METHODS | The Second Australian National Blood Pressure ( ANBP2 ) study randomized 6,083 hypertensive patients aged 65-84 years to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI ) or thiazide diuretic-based therapy and followed them for a median of 4.1 years . |
METHODS | Long-term survival was determined in 5,678 patients over an additional median of 6.9 years after ANBP2 ( post-trial ) . |
RESULTS | After ANBP2 , the cohort was classified into preexisting ( 7.2 % ) , newly diagnosed ( 5.6 % ) , and no diabetes ( 87.2 % ) groups . |
RESULTS | A 44 % higher incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes was observed in patients randomized to thiazide diuretic compared with ACEI-based treatment . |
RESULTS | The other predictors of newly diagnosed diabetes were having a higher body mass index , having a higher random blood glucose , and living in a regional location compared to major cities ( a geographical classification based on accessibility ) at study entry . |
RESULTS | After completion of ANBP2 , compared with those with no diabetes , the preexisting diabetes group experienced higher cardiovascular ( hazards ratio ( HR ) = 1.65 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 1.03-2 .65 ) and all-cause mortality ( HR = 1.40 ; 95 % CI = 1.02-1 .92 ) when adjusted for age , sex , and treatment . |
RESULTS | A similar pattern was observed after including the post-trial period for cardiovascular ( HR = 1.52 ; 95 % CI = 1.20-1 .93 ) and all-cause mortality ( HR = 1.50 ; 95 % CI = 1.29-1 .73 ) . |
RESULTS | However , when the newly diagnosed group was compared with the no diabetes group , no significant difference was observed in cardiovascular ( HR = 0.33 ; 95 % CI = 0.11-1 .05 ) or all-cause mortality ( HR = 0.76 ; 95 % CI = 0.47-1 .23 ) either during the ANBP2 trial or including post-trial follow-up ( cardiovascular : HR = 0.82 ; 95 % CI = 0.58-1 .17 ; all-cause mortality : HR = 1.04 ; 95 % CI = 0.85-1 .27 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | Long-term presence of diabetes reduces survival . |
CONCLUSIONS | Compared with thiazide diuretics , ACEI-based antihypertensives may delay the development of diabetes in those at risk and thus potentially improve cardiovascular outcome in the elderly . |
###25027286 | null |
BACKGROUND | Obesity is associated with a risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease . |
BACKGROUND | The pharmacodynamic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors has not been specifically evaluated in obese subjects . |
BACKGROUND | The aim of this study was to compare the antisecretory response to a single oral dose of 20 mg rabeprazole , 20 mg omeprazole and placebo in obese subjects . |
METHODS | Gastric pH was monitored for 24 hours on three separate occasions in eighteen H. pylori-negative , asymptomatic obese subjects . |
METHODS | Subjects were given omeprazole , rabeprazole or placebo in a randomized order and in a double-blind fashion . |
METHODS | The main analysis criterion was 24-h percent of time post dose with intragastric pH above 3 ; secondary criteria were percentage of time above pH 4 , median pH , [ H + ] concentrations and nocturnal acid breakthrough ( NAB ) . |
METHODS | Results were analyzed using linear mixed models and Wilks test comparing variances . |
RESULTS | 24-h median [ IQ ] percentages of time with gastric pH above 3 and 4 were higher with rabeprazole than omeprazole ( 46 [ 37-55 ] vs. 30 [ 15-55 ] % , 9 [ 5-11 ] % for placebo ) but the differences did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.11 and 0.24 , respectively ) . |
RESULTS | Median acid concentrations were significantly lower with rabeprazole than with omeprazole and placebo ( 22 [ 14-53 ] vs. 54 [ 19-130 ] and 95 [ 73-170 ] mmoles/l , p < 0.01 ) for all periods . |
RESULTS | The number of NAB was significantly lower with rabeprazole than with omeprazole ( median 1 [ 1,2 ] vs. 2 [ 1-3 ] , p = 0.04 ) . |
RESULTS | Variances of 24-h data ( pH above 3 and 4 , median pH , [ H + ] concentrations ) were significantly lower with rabeprazole than with omeprazole ( p < 0.0001 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | In asymptomatic obese subjects the gastric antisecretory response to a single dose of rabeprazole and omeprazole was strong and not significantly different between drugs despite a significantly more homogeneous response with rabeprazole . |
BACKGROUND | ClinicalTrial.gov : NCT01136317 . |
###25439809 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To study the effect of growth hormone ( GH ) treatment on ovarian and uterine morphology and function in short , prepubertal small-for-gestational-age ( SGA ) girls . |
METHODS | A multinational , randomized controlled trial on safety and efficacy of GH therapy in short , prepubertal children born SGA . |
METHODS | Not applicable . |
METHODS | A subgroup of 18 Danish girls born SGA included in North European SGA Study ( NESGAS ) . |
METHODS | One year of GH treatment ( 67 g/kg/day ) followed by 2 years of randomized GH treatment ( 67 g/kg/day , 35 g/kg/day , or IGF-I titrated ) . |
METHODS | Data on anthropometrics , reproductive hormones , and ultrasonographic examination of the internal genitalia were collected during 36 months of GH treatment . |
RESULTS | Uterine and ovarian volume increased significantly during 3 years of treatment ( 64 % and 110 % , respectively ) but remained low within normal reference ranges . |
RESULTS | Ovarian follicles became visible in 58 % after 1 year compared with 28 % before GH therapy . |
RESULTS | Anti-Mllerian hormone increased significantly during the 3 years of GH therapy but remained within the normal range . |
RESULTS | Precocious puberty was observed in one girl ; another girl developed multicystic ovaries . |
CONCLUSIONS | GH treatment was associated with statistically significant growth of the internal genitalia , but remained within the normal range . |
CONCLUSIONS | As altered pubertal development and ovarian morphology were found in 2 of 18 girls , monitoring of puberty and ovarian function during GH therapy in SGA girls is prudent . |
CONCLUSIONS | Altogether , the findings are reassuring . |
CONCLUSIONS | However , long-term effects of GH treatment on adult reproductive function remain unknown . |
BACKGROUND | EudraCT 2005-001507-19 . |
###24898858 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To test the hypothesis that a brief , clinic-based , single-session programme will reduce the rate of 10 selected condom use errors in a clinical sample of young black men ( YBM ) ages 15 through 23 years . |
METHODS | Data were collected in clinics treating patients with sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) in three southern US cities . |
METHODS | Males 15-23years of age who identified as black/African-American , and reported recent ( past 2months ) condom use were eligible . |
METHODS | Only those also reporting condom use in the 2months prior to a 6-month follow-up assessment ( n = 311 ) were included in this secondary analysis of data from a randomised , controlled trial . |
METHODS | Difference scores were used to capture a GroupTime effect . |
RESULTS | YBM reported 2232 condom use events in the 2months preceding study enrolment and 2042 in the 2months preceding the follow-up assessment . |
RESULTS | Mean baseline error rates were 1.32 and 1.13 for young men randomised to the intervention and control conditions , respectively . |
RESULTS | Follow-up rates were 1.11 and 3.59 for young men randomised to the intervention and control conditions , respectively . |
RESULTS | Controlled findings yielded a significant effect for the influence of group assignment on the difference score ( baseline to follow-up ) in the condom use error rate ( = 0.13 ; p = 0.02 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | A brief , clinic-based counselling programme produced modest reductions in condom use errors among YBM attending STI clinics in the southern USA Intensified clinic-based intervention that helps YBM improve the quality of their condom use behaviours is warranted . |
BACKGROUND | NCT00849823 . |
###24672940 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To provide evidence for Chinese medical treatment of children with EB virus infection by exploring its clinical efficacy from multiple angles . |
METHODS | Totally 81 children patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( 46 cases ) and the control group ( 35 cases ) . |
METHODS | Patients in the treatment group took Chinese medical decoction , while those in the control received intravenous dripping of Ganciclovir and oral administration of pidotimod . |
METHODS | The treatment period for the two groups was 2 weeks . |
METHODS | Patients were followed-up till the 12th week . |
METHODS | Clinical symptoms such as fever , lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly , as well as lab indices such as abnormal lymphocyte percentage , EB virus antibody , virus DNA load , T cell subsets , immunoglobulin , and so on were observed before and after treatment , at week 4 and 12 of follow-ups . |
RESULTS | ( 1 ) The total effective rate at week 2 was 95.6 % in the treatment group , higher than that of the control group ( 94.3 % ) , but there was no statistical difference between the two groups . |
RESULTS | ( 2 ) The time for defervescence , duration of pharyngeal hyperemia , duration of swollen tonsils was shorter in the treatment group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | The subsidence of lymphadenopathy , hepatomegaly , and abnormal lymphocytes was better in the treatment group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | ( 3 ) The positive cases of peripheral blood hetero-lymphocyte was significantly reduced after treatment , at week 4 and 12 of follow-ups both in the treatment group and the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . |
RESULTS | The expression of IgA and IgM decreased after treatment in the two groups when compared with before treatment in the same group ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . |
RESULTS | IgG in the treatment group also obviously decreased after treatment , at week 4 and 12 of follow-ups ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) , while it decreased only after treatment in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | Activities of AST and ALT in the treatment group and the AST activity in the control group were markedly improved when compared with those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | Compared with the control group , the abnormal lymphocyte positive case number obviously decreased in the treatment group after treatment , at week 4 and 12 of follow-ups ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | ( 4 ) After treatment , at week 4 and 12 of follow-ups , CD3 + and CD8 + significantly decreased ; CD4 + , CD4/CD8 , and B cells significantly increased in the two groups , when compared with before treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | NK cells significantly increased more in the treatment group after treatment , at week 4 and 12 of follow-ups , higher than before treatment as well as the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | ( 5 ) EB viral DNA and EB viral CA-IgM negative conversion case numbers significantly increased in the two groups after treatment , at week 4 and 12 of follow-ups ( P < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | Compared with the control group , EB viral DNA and EB viral CA-IgM negative conversion case numbers significantly increased in the treatment group after treatment and at week 4 of follow-ups ( P < 0.05 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | Treatment of EB virus infection by Chinese medical treatment was effective . |