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RESULTS | The secondary outcomes also demonstrated greater benefits of the combined regimen , with improvement seen in all the measures . |
CONCLUSIONS | Ondansetron , acupuncture , and ondansetron and acupuncture combined are effective prophylaxis for POV . |
###24601726 | null |
BACKGROUND | The impact of sugar-sweetened beverages ( SSB ) on lipid metabolism when consumed in moderate amounts by normal weight subjects is debated . |
OBJECTIVE | The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different types of sugars in SSB on fatty acid metabolism ( ie , fatty acid synthesis and oxidation ) in healthy young men . |
METHODS | Thirty-four normal-weight men were studied in a randomized crossover study . |
METHODS | Four isocaloric 3-week interventions with SSB were performed in random order : medium fructose ( MF ; 40 g/d ) ; high fructose ( HF ; 80 g/d ) , high sucrose ( HS ; 80 g/d ) , and high glucose ( HG ; 80g/d ) . |
METHODS | Fasting total plasma fatty acid composition was measured after each intervention . |
METHODS | Acylcarnitines were measured in the fasting state and after a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in nine subjects . |
RESULTS | The relative abundance of palmitate ( 16:0 ) and the molar fatty acid ratio of palmitate to linoleic acid ( 16:0 to18 :2 ) as markers of fatty acid synthesis were increased after HF [ relative abundance of palmitate : 22.97 % 5.51 % ( percentage of total fatty acids by weight SD ) ] and MF ( 26.1 % 1.7 % ) compared with HS ( 19.40 % 2.91 % , P < .001 ) , HG ( 19.43 % 3.12 % , P < .001 ) , or baseline ( 19.40 % 2.79 % , P < .001 ) . |
RESULTS | After HS and HG , the relative abundance of palmitate was equal to baseline . |
RESULTS | Fasting palmitoylcarnitine was significantly increased after HF and HS ( HF and HS vs. HG : P = .005 ) , decreasing after inhibition of lipolysis by insulin in the clamp . |
CONCLUSIONS | When consumed in moderate amounts , fructose but not sucrose or glucose in SSB increases fatty acid synthesis ( palmitate ) , whereas fasting long-chain acylcarnitines are increased after both fructose and sucrose , indicating an impaired - oxidation flux . |
###25465830 | null |
BACKGROUND | Little is known about global patterns of critical care unit ( CCU ) care and the relationship with outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure ( ADHF ) . |
BACKGROUND | Whether a ward or a CCU admission is associated with better outcomes is unclear . |
METHODS | Patients in the Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure ( ASCEND-HF ) trial were initially hospitalized in a ward or CCU ( coronary or intensive care unit ) . |
METHODS | Sites were geographically classified : Asia-Pacific ( AP ) , Central Europe ( CE ) , Latin America ( LA ) , North America ( NA ) , and Western-Europe ( WE ) . |
METHODS | The primary outcome of 30-day all-cause mortality or all-cause hospital readmission was adjusted using a two-stage multivariable logistic regression model with a generalized estimated equation that took sites within each country as a nested random factor . |
RESULTS | Overall , 1944 ( 38.2 % ) patients were admitted to a CCU and 3150 ( 61.8 % ) to a ward , and this varied by region : 50.6 % AP , 63.3 % CE , 60.7 % WE , 22.1 % LA , and 28.6 % NA . |
RESULTS | The 30-day death or readmission rate was 15.2 % in ward patients and 17.0 % in CCU patients ( risk-adjusted Odds Ratio [ OR ] 1.44 : 95 % CI , 1.14-1 .82 ) . |
RESULTS | Compared with CCU patients in NA ( 24.1 % 30-day event rate ) , the primary outcomes were : AP ( 10.4 % , Odds Ratio [ OR ] 0.63 ; 95 % confidence Interval [ CI ] , 0.35 to 1.15 ) , CE ( 10.4 % , OR 0.56 : 95 % CI , 0.31 to 1.02 ) , LA ( 22.4 % , OR 0.60 : 95 % CI , 0.11 to 3.32 ) , and WE ( 11.2 % , OR 0.63 , 95 % CI , 0.25 to 1.56 ) . |
RESULTS | No regional differences in 30-day mortality were observed ; however , 30-day readmission rates were highest in NA sites . |
CONCLUSIONS | Management of patients with ADHF varies significantly , and after adjustment , CCU care was associated with higher risk of early mortality , not explained by international differences . |
CONCLUSIONS | These findings may help to improve the early decisions regarding risk stratification of patients hospitalized with ADHF . |
###26124485 | null |
OBJECTIVE | Hand-foot syndrome ( HFS ) is a frequently occurring adverse event associated with anticancer drugs . |
OBJECTIVE | This study compares a newly introduced ointment containing several antioxidants and exhibiting high radical protection factor , which has been available on the German market since 2011 , with urea cream for prevention of HFS in patients treated with capecitabine . |
METHODS | Patients with GI tumors or breast cancer treated with capecitabine were included in this randomized phase III study . |
METHODS | The primary end point was prevention of HFS of any grade within 6 weeks of treatment as indicated by a standardized patient diary . |
METHODS | The study had 80 % power to show a 20 % reduction of the incidence of HFS with the new ointment . |
METHODS | Secondary end points included time to development of HFS greater than grade 1 , evaluation of capecitabine dose intensity , and quality of life analyses . |
RESULTS | A total of 152 patients were evaluable . |
RESULTS | In total , 47 of 152 patients experienced HFS ( 30.9 % ) , 39.5 % with the new ointment and 22.4 % in the urea arm ( stratified odds ratio , 2.37 ; P = .02 ) . |
RESULTS | Time to HFS greater than grade 1 was comparable , but time to any-grade HFS was significantly longer in the urea group ( P = .03 ) . |
RESULTS | Capecitabine dose intensity , time under study , and percentage of days with correct administration of study medication were identical , as were adverse events except for HFS . |
RESULTS | Skin-related quality of life was significantly worse in the group treated with the new ointment at the end of study treatment . |
CONCLUSIONS | This trial demonstrated that 10 % urea cream was superior to the new ointment at preventing HFS over the first 6 weeks of treatment with capecitabine . |
###25225241 | null |
BACKGROUND | Atrial fibrillation ( AFib ) is common in heart failure ( HF ) with preserved ejection fraction ( HFpEF ) . |
BACKGROUND | Current AFib stroke risk prediction models include the presence of HF but do not specifically include HFpEF as a risk factor . |
BACKGROUND | Whether a history of AFib should be used to identify patients with HFpEF who are at risk has not been established . |
RESULTS | Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with HFpEF in the Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Trial were analyzed in relation to AFib . |
RESULTS | At baseline , 1209 ( 29.3 % ) had a history of AFib . |
RESULTS | Of these 557 ( 13.5 % ) had history of AFib alone , whereas 670 ( 16.2 % ) had both a history and AFib on ECG ; 2901 ( 70.3 % ) had neither . |
RESULTS | There were no significant differences in the risk of stroke between the 2 groups with a history of AFib who did or did not have AFib present on baseline ECG . |
RESULTS | During a median follow-up of 53 months , a fatal or nonfatal stroke occurred in 6.5 % ( 79/1209 ) patients with history of AFib compared with 3.9 % ( 114/2901 ) with no AFib . |
RESULTS | Having a history of AFib was independently associated with higher risk of stroke ( hazard ratio , 2.2 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.6-3 .2 ; P < 0.0001 ) compared with those with no history of AFib . |
CONCLUSIONS | In patients with HFpEF , a history of AFib was common and independently associated with increased risk of stroke , regardless of whether AFib was present on ECG . |
CONCLUSIONS | Patients with HFpEF and a history of AFib should be considered at risk . |
CONCLUSIONS | Further studies are needed to determine whether this risk can be safely reduced . |
BACKGROUND | http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . |
BACKGROUND | Unique identifier : NCT000095238 . |
###25637376 | null |
BACKGROUND | Selective kappa opioid receptor antagonism is a promising experimental strategy for the treatment of depression . |
BACKGROUND | The kappa opioid receptor antagonist , LY2456302 , exhibits ~ 30-fold higher affinity for kappa opioid receptors over mu opioid receptors , which is the next closest identified pharmacology . |
METHODS | Here , we determined kappa opioid receptor pharmacological selectivity of LY2456302 by assessing mu opioid receptor antagonism using translational pupillometry in rats and humans . |
RESULTS | In rats , morphine-induced mydriasis was completely blocked by the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone ( 3mg/kg , which produced 90 % mu opioid receptor occupancy ) , while 100 and 300 mg/kg LY2456302 ( which produced 56 % and 87 % mu opioid receptor occupancy , respectively ) only partially blocked morphine-induced mydriasis . |
RESULTS | In humans , fentanyl-induced miosis was completely blocked by 50mg naltrexone , and LY2456302 dose-dependently blocked miosis at 25 and 60 mg ( minimal-to-no blockade at 4-10mg ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | We demonstrate , for the first time , the use of translational pupillometry in the context of receptor occupancy to identify a clinical dose of LY2456302 achieving maximal kappa opioid receptor occupancy without evidence of significant mu receptor antagonism . |
###24992750 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To compare the efficacy of an acupuncture regimen for persistent allergic rhinitis ( PER ) , aimed at improving a patient 's mind or Shen in Traditional Chinese Medicine , to that of a second-generation Hi-receptor antagonist , cetirizine hydrochloride . |
METHODS | This multicenter , randomized , controlled clinical trial on PER will be conducted at three institutions in China . |
METHODS | The total study period will be 9 weeks . |
METHODS | After a 1-week preparatory screening period , 240 eligible participants with PER will be randomized to receive acupuncture or pharmacotherapy ( 1:1 ) for 4 weeks with a 4-week follow-up . |
METHODS | The primary outcome will be changes in 7-day average total nasal symptom score . |
METHODS | Secondary outcome measures include rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire score and total non-nasal symptom score . |
RESULTS | The presence and seriousness of psychological and emotional impairments should be considered in therapeutic programs for allergic rhinitis . |
RESULTS | No clinical trial for treating allergic rhinitis via acupuncture regulation of psychological and emotional activities has been reported . |
CONCLUSIONS | The findings of the trial will allow us to determine the effects of the mind ( Shen ) - regulation treatment approach . |
CONCLUSIONS | We will also be able to confirm if the effects of acupuncture are equivalent to those of the conventional drug cetirizine hydrochloride . |
###25516315 | null |
BACKGROUND | Probiotics are microbial supplements that have shown efficacy in a wide range of applications . |
BACKGROUND | To assess the safety and effects of enteral probiotics in critically ill neonates . |
METHODS | A double-blind , randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 full-term infants with critical illness according to scores of neonatal acute physiology . |
METHODS | Fifty neonatal intensive care patients were randomly assigned to receive probiotics three times daily after birth for 8 days , and fifty patients were not given probiotics , but who received a placebo . |
METHODS | The incidence of sepsis , multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ) , nosocomial pneumonia , and necrotizing enterocolitis were recorded . |
METHODS | The prognosis of probiotic treatment was determined based on the rate of recovery and hospital days . |
METHODS | Serum IgA , IgG , and IgM concentrations were measured on days 4 and 8 . |
RESULTS | Infants in the probiotics group showed a significantly reduced rate of nosocomial pneumonia ( 18 % versus 36 % ) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( 6 % versus 16 % ) compared with the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | Significant results were demonstrated in favour of the probiotics for days of hospital stay ( 13 3.5 d versus 15.8 5.3 d ) ( p < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | However , there were no significant differences in the occurrence of sepsis , necrotizing enterocolitis , and recovery rate . |
RESULTS | Patients given probiotics had significantly greater levels of IgA than those in the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) . |
RESULTS | No serious adverse effects in the study population were noted . |
CONCLUSIONS | Supplements of probiotics to critically ill neonates could enhance immune activity , decrease occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia and MODS , and reduce days in hospital . |
###24275612 | null |
BACKGROUND | Recently , there have been investigations that have targeted improving the relatively poor validity and reliability of attentional bias measures . |
BACKGROUND | These studies have demonstrated that individuals show elevated attentional bias to stimuli associated with their drinking history , although to date , the predictive utility of these measures has yet to be assessed . |
BACKGROUND | The current study aimed to investigate the predictive value of an individualised alcohol Stroop task compared to that of an alcohol Stroop task with general alcohol-related words in a sample of non-dependent undergraduate drinkers . |
METHODS | 48 undergraduate social drinkers completed questionnaire measures of alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking which were combined to get an alcohol involvement measure . |
METHODS | Participants also completed three blocked format Stroop tasks , a control Stroop ( containing soft drink-related words ) , a general alcohol Stroop ( containing a mixture of alcohol-related words ) and an individualised Stroop that contained words relating to the participants ' favourite alcoholic drink . |
RESULTS | Although there was no significant difference in participants ' performance across the three different Stroop tasks , only performance on the individualised Stroop was associated with alcohol involvement . |
RESULTS | Notably , the individualised Stroop predicted variance in drinking after controlling for demographics and general alcohol Stroop performance . |
CONCLUSIONS | This study indicates that adopting individualised stimuli into attentional bias tasks may increase their predictive validity . |
###25440796 | null |
BACKGROUND | Following acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) , the risk for future cardiovascular events is high and is related to levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) even within the setting of intensive statin treatment . |
BACKGROUND | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 ( PCSK9 ) regulates LDL receptor expression and circulating levels of LDL-C . |
BACKGROUND | Antibodies to PCSK9 can produce substantial and sustained reductions of LDL-C . |
BACKGROUND | The ODYSSEY Outcomes trial tests the hypothesis that treatment with alirocumab , a fully human monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 , improves cardiovascular outcomes after ACS . |
METHODS | This Phase 3 study will randomize approximately 18,000 patients to receive biweekly injections of alirocumab ( 75-150 mg ) or matching placebo beginning 1 to 12 months after an index hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina . |