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BACKGROUND | Patellofemoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) is a common musculoskeletal condition , particularly among women . |
BACKGROUND | Patients with PFPS usually experience weakness in the gluteal muscles , as well as pain and impaired motor control during activities of daily living . |
BACKGROUND | Strengthening the hip muscles is an effective way of treating this disorder . |
BACKGROUND | Neuromuscular training has also been identified as a therapeutic tool , although the benefits of this intervention in patients with PFPS patients remain inconclusive . |
METHODS | This is a protocol of randomized controlled trial with a blind assessor . |
METHODS | Thirty-four women with a clinical diagnosis of PFPS participated . |
METHODS | These participants were allocated into two groups ( experimental and control ) . |
METHODS | The experimental group performed twelve sessions to strengthen the knee extensors , hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in association with neuromuscular training of the trunk and lower extremities . |
METHODS | The control group performed the same number of sessions to strengthen the muscles of the hip and knee . |
METHODS | The primary outcome was functional capacity ( Anterior Knee Pain Scale - AKPS ) at 4weeks . |
METHODS | Pain intensity , muscle strength and kinematic changes were also measured during the step down test after four weeks of intervention . |
METHODS | Follow up assessments were conducted after three and six months to assess functional capacity and pain . |
METHODS | The effects of the treatment ( i.e. between-group differences ) were calculated using mixed linear models . |
CONCLUSIONS | The present study was initiated on the 1st of April 2013 and is currently in progress . |
CONCLUSIONS | The results of this study may introduce another effective technique of conservative treatment and could guide physical therapists in the clinical decision-making process for women with PFPS . |
BACKGROUND | Current Controlled Trials NCT01804608 . |
###24738317 | null |
OBJECTIVE | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nasal packing , septal suture technique and vacuum sealing drainage ( VSD ) after septoplasty . |
METHODS | Ninety patients of nasal septal deviation in Combination with outfracture of the inferior turbinates who had received septoplasty were selected in this study . |
METHODS | The patients were allocated into three groups , with thirty in each : for packing group , marcel materials were used for nasal packing after septoplasty ; for suturing group , septal suture technique was performed after septoplasty ; for VSD group , one drainage tube was used for negative pressure sucking after septoplasty without nasal packing . |
METHODS | Postoperative signs and symptoms were compared between three groups . |
METHODS | The comfort degree assessment included headache and nasal obstruction were evaluated by using visual analogue scale ( VAS ) at the 12th hour and 24 hour after operation . |
METHODS | The edema in nasal cavity , hemorrhage . |
METHODS | abscess , adhesive and healing rates after operation were compared among three groups . |
RESULTS | The VAS score of headache and nasal obstruction and the severity of patient 's conditions were significantly less in septal suture group and VSD group than that in packing group at the 12th and 24th hour after operation . |
RESULTS | The mucosa edema of nasal cavity was significantly slighter in septal suture group and VSD group than that in packing group at the third day after operation . |
RESULTS | The healing rates and number of complications are better in septal suture group and VSD group than those in packing group at the 7th day after operation . |
RESULTS | There were no hemorrhage or abscess in VSD group . |
CONCLUSIONS | Septal suture technique and VSD after septoplasty can significantly relieve the distress of patients and reduce the healing time of mucosa in nasal cavity without increasing the risk of complications . |
###25870079 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To investigate baseline predictors of month 24 best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) and central foveal thickness ( CFT ) in patients with diabetic macular edema ( DME ) treated monthly with ranibizumab or sham . |
METHODS | Post hoc analysis of DME patients in 2 identical phase 3 studies . |
METHODS | Patients randomized to ranibizumab ( n = 502 ) or sham ( n = 257 ) . |
METHODS | Multivariate regression on predictors with P < 0.20 in univariate logistic regression using backward selection to retain predictors with P < 0.05 . |
METHODS | Patient characteristics correlating with month 24 BCVA in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter score 70 ( 20/40 ) or 50 ( 20/100 ) , gain or loss from baseline BCVA of 15 , or CFT 250 m. |
RESULTS | Baseline predictors of BCVA 20/40 in ranibizumab-treated patients were good BCVA , submacular fluid , no cardiovascular disease , no scatter photocoagulation , and male gender , whereas in sham-treated patients , they were mild increase in CFT , presence of hard exudates in center subfield , and absence of renal disease . |
RESULTS | Predictors of improvement in BCVA letter score 15 in ranibizumab-treated patients were poor BCVA , submacular fluid , young age , and short diabetes duration , and those in sham-treated patients were poor BCVA , young age , and mild increase in CFT . |
RESULTS | Predictors of resolution of edema ( CFT 250 m ) in ranibizumab-treated patients were mild foveal thickening and prominent subfoveal fluid , and those in sham-treated patients were poor BCVA , mild foveal thickening , and statin usage . |
RESULTS | Month 24 BCVA 20/100 was predicted by poor baseline BCVA in ranibizumab-treated patients , and by poor baseline BCVA , large intraretinal cystoid spaces , renal disease , and absence of hypercholesterolemia in sham-treated patients . |
RESULTS | Loss of BCVA 15 letters was predicted in sham-treated patients by submacular fluid , intraretinal cystoid spaces , and renal disease . |
CONCLUSIONS | Patients with DME and submacular fluid , intraretinal cysts , severe thickening , or renal disease respond poorly when untreated and respond well to ranibizumab treatment . |
CONCLUSIONS | Elimination of submacular fluid , intraretinal cysts , and severe thickening are important goals of DME treatment , and in patients with renal disease , treatment should be very aggressive , with a goal of eliminating all macular fluid . |
###24488743 | null |
OBJECTIVE | This study included 54-month-old children with a history of institutional care . |
OBJECTIVE | Our goal was to : ( 1 ) examine differences in indiscriminate social behaviors in children with a history of institutional care compared with home-reared children ; ( 2 ) test whether foster care reduces indiscriminate social behaviors in a randomized controlled trial ; and ( 3 ) examine early predictors of indiscriminate behaviors . |
METHODS | Participants were 58 children with a history of institutional care and 31 never-institutionalized control ( NIG ) subjects enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutional care , assessed from toddlerhood to 54 months . |
METHODS | Indiscriminate social behaviors were measured naturalistically by using the Stranger at the Door procedure . |
RESULTS | In the Stranger at the Door procedure , children with a history of institutional care left with a stranger at higher rates than NIG subjects ( 33 % vs. 3.5 % ; P < .001 ) . |
RESULTS | Children in the care as usual group left more than NIG subjects ( 41.9 % vs. 3.6 % ; P .001 ) . |
RESULTS | The differences between the foster care group ( 24.1 % ) and the care as usual group and between foster care group and NIG were not significant . |
RESULTS | In a logistic regression , early disorganized attachment behaviors , baseline developmental quotient , and caregiving quality after randomization contributed to variance at 54 months . |
RESULTS | In the same analysis using only children with a history of institutional care , only disorganized attachment contributed significantly to 54-month indiscriminate social behaviors ( Exp [ B ] = 1.6 [ 95 % confidence interval : 1.1-2 .5 ] ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | Observed socially indiscriminate behaviors at 54 months were associated with prolonged exposure to institutional care . |
CONCLUSIONS | Young children raised in conditions of deprivation who fail to develop organized attachments as toddlers are at increased risk for subsequent indiscriminate behaviors . |
###25840499 | null |
BACKGROUND | One goal of guideline-based asthma therapy is minimal use of short-acting agonist ( SABA ) medications . |
BACKGROUND | Inner-city children with asthma are known to have high SABA use . |
OBJECTIVE | To examine factors associated with high SABA use in inner-city children with asthma . |
METHODS | One hundred inner-city children with persistent asthma were enrolled into a randomized controlled trial of an emergency department ( ED ) and home intervention . |
METHODS | All children underwent serologic allergen specific IgE and salivary cotinine testing at the ED enrollment visit . |
METHODS | Pharmacy records for the past 12 months were obtained . |
METHODS | Number of SABA fills during the past 12 months was categorized into low - to moderate - vs high-use groups . |
METHODS | SABA groups were compared by the number of symptom days and nights , allergen sensitization , and exposures . |
METHODS | Regression models were used to predict high SABA use . |
RESULTS | Mean number of SABA fills over 12 months was 3.12 . |
RESULTS | Unadjusted bivariate analysis showed that high SABA users were more than 5 times more likely to have an asthma hospitalization , almost 3 times more likely to have an asthma intensive care unit admission , and more than 3 times more likely to have prior specialty asthma care or positive cockroach sensitization than low to moderate SABA users . |
RESULTS | In the final regression model , for every additional inhaled corticosteroid fill , a child was 1.4 times more likely and a child with positive cockroach sensitization was almost 7 times more likely to have high SABA use when controlling for prior intensive care unit admission , receipt of specialty care , child age , and income . |
CONCLUSIONS | Providers should closely monitor SABA and controller medication use , allergen sensitization , and exposures in children with persistent asthma . |
BACKGROUND | ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT01981564 . |
###24674053 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous ( IV ) and intramuscular ( IM ) medetomidine and butorphanol with or without MK-467 . |
METHODS | Prospective , randomized experimental cross-over . |
METHODS | Eight purpose-bred beagles ( two females , six males ) , 3-4 years old and weighing 14.5 1.6 kg ( mean SD ) . |
METHODS | All dogs received four different treatments as follows : medetomidine 20 g kg ( -1 ) and butorphanol tartrate 0.1 mg kg ( -1 ) IV and IM ( MB ) , and MB combined with MK-467 ,500 g kg ( -1 ) ( MBMK ) IV and IM . |
METHODS | Heart rate ( HR ) , arterial blood pressures ( SAP , MAP , DAP ) , central venous pressure ( CVP ) , cardiac output , respiratory rate ( fR ) , rectal temperature ( RT ) were measured and arterial blood samples were obtained for gas analysis at baseline and at 3 , 10 , 20 , 30 , 45 and 60 minutes after drug administration . |
METHODS | The cardiac index ( CI ) , systemic vascular resistance index ( SVRI ) and oxygen delivery index ( DO2 I ) were calculated . |
METHODS | After the follow-up period atipamezole 50 g kg ( -1 ) IM was given to reverse sedation . |
RESULTS | HR , CI and DO2 I were significantly higher with MBMK after both IV and IM administration . |
RESULTS | Similarly , SAP , MAP , DAP , CVP , SVRI and RT were significantly lower after MBMK than with MB . |
RESULTS | There were no differences in fR between treatments , but arterial partial pressure of oxygen decreased transiently after all treatments . |
RESULTS | Recoveries were uneventful following atipamezole administration after all treatments . |
CONCLUSIONS | MK-467 attenuated the cardiovascular effects of a medetomidine-butorphanol combination after IV and IM administration . |
###25011657 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To evaluate adherence to therapy in acne patients using mobile phones and Short Message Service ( SMS ) to communicate . |
METHODS | 160 patients were randomly assigned to two groups : the SMS group received 2 text messages twice a day for a period of 12 weeks ; the control group did not receive any messages . |
METHODS | Before and after 12 weeks , the following evaluations were performed in all patients : digital photographs , the Global Acne Grading System , the Dermatology Life Quality Index , the Cardiff Acne Disability Index , the doctor-patient relationship evaluated through the Patient-Doctor Depth-of-Relationship Scale , and the adherence to treatment evaluated by asking patients how many days a week they had followed the therapy . |
METHODS | For statistical analysis we used Student 's t test . |
RESULTS | The SMS group had a better improvement of all parameters compared to the control group . |
CONCLUSIONS | Adherence and compliance are higher for patients who are included in a strategy of control . |
###24440809 | null |
BACKGROUND | Ondansetron , sometimes combined with acustimulation at PC6 ( Neiguan ) , is commonly used for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting , but PC6 is not the only point that can be used for this purpose . |
OBJECTIVE | To evaluate the combined effects of ondansetron and ST36 ( Zusanli ) acupuncture point injection on postoperative vomiting ( POV ) after laparoscopic surgery . |
METHODS | A randomised , patient and assessor-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted . |
METHODS | One hundred and sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to one of four groups : ( 1 ) group P ( placebo-control ) : intravenous normal saline + bilateral non-acupuncture point injection of vitamin B1 ( n = 40 ) ; ( 2 ) group O ( ondansetron ) : intravenous ondansetron + bilateral ST36 sham injection ( n = 40 ) ; ( 3 ) group A ( acupuncture point injection ) : intravenous normal saline + bilateral acupuncture point injection at ST36 of vitamin B1 ( n = 40 ) ; ( 4 ) group C ( combination ) : intravenous ondansetron + bilateral acupuncture point injection at ST36 of vitamin B1 ( n = 40 ) . |
METHODS | Interventions were made on arrival at the postanaesthesia care unit . |
METHODS | The primary outcome was the incidence of POV within 24 h after the operation . |
METHODS | Secondary outcomes included severity of vomiting , incidence of rescue treatment , patients ' satisfaction and the first anal exsufflation time 24 h after the operation . |
RESULTS | The incidence of POV within 24 h postoperative period in each group was P 33 % ; O 11 % , A 9 % and C 6 % . |
RESULTS | Outcomes for all intervention groups were significantly better than that for placebo ( p < 0.01 ) . |
RESULTS | For the three interventions compared with placebo , the numbers needed to treat ( NNTs ) were O , NNT = 5 ; A , NNT = 5 and C , NNT = 4 . |