label
stringlengths 7
11
| text
stringlengths 2
1.45k
⌀ |
|---|---|
METHODS | Baseline anesthesia was maintained with 1mg/kg propofol , and the patients were then randomly allocated to receive tramadol 1mg/kg ( Group T , n = 50 ) or fentanyl 1g/kg ( Group F , n = 50 ) . |
METHODS | Hemodynamic variables , sedation , pain , the Aldrete recovery score , and side-effects were recorded . |
RESULTS | SpO levels in Group F in the 5th min and at the end of the procedure were significantly lower than those in Group T ( P = 0.024 and 0.021 , respectively ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | Tramadol provides similar analgesic efficacy to fentanyl . |
CONCLUSIONS | Furthermore , tramadol may provide better respiratory stability in patients undergoing a D&C procedure . |
###26483244 | null |
BACKGROUND | Based on current recommendations , 30 + pack-years of smoking are required for eligibility for low-dose CT ( LDCT ) lung cancer screening ; former smokers must have quit within 15 years . |
BACKGROUND | We investigated whether current smokers with 20 to 29 pack-years have similar lung cancer risks as eligible former smokers and also whether they have a different demographic profile . |
METHODS | The Prostate , Lung , Colorectal , and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial ( PLCO ) was a randomly assigned screening trial of subjects age 55 to 74 years with chest radiographs ( CXR ) used for lung cancer . |
METHODS | Subjects completed a baseline questionnaire containing smoking history questions . |
METHODS | Cox proportional hazards models , adjusted for age and sex , were utilized to estimate hazard ratios ( HRs ) for various smoking history groups . |
METHODS | Next , we utilized the National Health Interview Survey ( NHIS ) , which inquired about smoking history and race/ethnicity , to analyze the demographic profiles of various high-risk smoking history categories . |
METHODS | All statistical tests were two-sided . |
RESULTS | The PLCO cohort included 18 114 former and 12 243 current LDCT-eligible smokers , plus 2283 20 - to 29-pack-year current smokers . |
RESULTS | The hazard ratio for 20 - to 29-pack-year current smokers compared with eligible ( 30 + pack-year ) former smokers was 1.07 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 0.75 to 1.5 ) . |
RESULTS | Based on the NHIS , 10 million persons in the United States are currently LDCT eligible ; an additional 1.6 million ( 16 % , 95 % CI = 13.6 % to 19.0 % ) are 20 - to 29-pack-year current smokers . |
RESULTS | The percentage increase in eligibles if 20 - to 29-pack-year current smokers were included was substantially greater for women than men ( 22.2 % , 95 % CI = 17.9 % to 26.7 % ; vs 12.2 % , 95 % CI = 9.3 % to 15.3 % , P < .001 ) and for minorities than non-Hispanic whites ( 30.0 % , 95 % CI = 24.2 % to 36.0 % ; vs 14.1 % , 95 % CI = 11.1 % to 17.0 % , P < .001 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS | The potential benefits and harms of recommending LDCT screening for 20 to 29-pack-year current smokers should be assessed . |
###25624432 | null |
OBJECTIVE | Progression-free survival ( PFS ) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ( mCRPC ) trials has been inconsistently defined and poorly associated with overall survival ( OS ) . |
OBJECTIVE | A reproducible quantitative definition of radiographic PFS ( rPFS ) was tested for association with a coprimary end point of OS in a randomized trial of abiraterone in patients with mCRPC . |
METHODS | rPFS was defined as two new lesions on an 8-week bone scan plus two additional lesions on a confirmatory scan , two new confirmed lesions on any scan 12 weeks after random assignment , and/or progression in nodes or viscera on cross-sectional imaging , or death . |
METHODS | rPFS was assessed by independent review at 15 % of deaths and by investigator review at 15 % and 40 % of deaths . |
METHODS | rPFS and OS association was evaluated by Spearman 's correlation . |
RESULTS | A total of 1,088 patients were randomly assigned to abiraterone plus prednisone or prednisone alone . |
RESULTS | At first interim analysis , the hazard ratio ( HR ) by independent review was 0.43 ( 95 % CI , 0.35 to 0.52 ; P < .001 ; abiraterone plus prednisone : median rPFS , not estimable ; prednisone : median rPFS , 8.3 months ) . |
RESULTS | Similar HRs were obtained by investigator review at the first two interim analyses ( HR , 0.49 ; 95 % CI , 0.41 to 0.60 ; P < .001 and HR , 0.53 ; 95 % CI , 0.45 to 0.62 ; P < .001 , respectively ) , validating the imaging data assay used . |
RESULTS | Spearman 's correlation coefficient between rPFS and OS was 0.72 . |
CONCLUSIONS | rPFS was highly consistent and highly associated with OS , providing initial prospective evidence on further developing rPFS as an intermediate end point in mCRPC trials . |
###24990004 | null |
BACKGROUND | Rehabilitation care is an important part of comprehensive care for MS patients . |
BACKGROUND | Little is known about the number of physiatry residents who are interested in providing care to individuals with multiple sclerosis [ MS ] . |
OBJECTIVE | This study examines factors that influence physiatry residents ' interest in providing care to MS patients . |
METHODS | We randomly sampled half of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-certified physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs in the continental United States and Puerto Rico . |
METHODS | Surveys were received from 74 % of programs ( Stage 1 response rate ) and from 221 residents ( 45 % Stage 2 response rate ) . |
RESULTS | Residents expressing interest in providing MS care were more likely to be female , Asian , and to select statements emphasizing multidisciplinary care approaches and a community of dedicated professional colleagues as positive features of MS patient care . |
RESULTS | Residents interested in teaching and with more education debt were marginally more likely to express interest in MS care . |
CONCLUSIONS | Medical education should emphasize the need for physical medicine and rehabilitative care among individuals with MS , the ability of physiatrists to improve the functional status and quality of life for MS patients , and the team-based nature of MS care . |
###25761501 | null |
BACKGROUND | Lysine requirements of well-nourished children from developing regions have been found to be similar to those of children from developed regions ( 33.5 mgkgd ) . |
BACKGROUND | However , intestinal parasites have been shown to increase lysine requirements in undernourished adults , and it is not known if a similar phenomenon occurs in undernourished children from poor and unsanitary environments . |
OBJECTIVE | Our objective was to measure the lysine requirement of moderately undernourished school-aged Indian children by the indicator amino acid oxidation technique before and after successful treatment for intestinal parasites . |
METHODS | Twenty-one undernourished school-aged children ( 8 y of age ) with z scores between -2 SD and -3 SD for height-for-age or weight-for-age , who tested positive for intestinal parasites , were studied before and after successful antiparasite treatment . |
METHODS | Children were fed any 2 of 7 levels of lysine intakes ( 5 , 15 , 25 , 35 , 50 , 65 , and 80 mgkgd ) in random order . |
METHODS | The lysine requirement was determined by applying a 2-phase linear regression crossover analysis on the fractional oxidation rate of the tracer L - [ 1-C ] phenylalanine in response to the graded lysine intakes . |
RESULTS | The lysine requirement of undernourished children with intestinal parasite infestations was determined to be 42.8 mgkgd ( 95 % CI : 32.6 , 53.1 mgkgd ) , and after successful antiparasitic treatment it was determined to be 35.5 mgkgd ( 95 % CI : 25.5 , 45.5 mgkgd ) . |
RESULTS | The results were significantly different ( P < 0.05 ) , although the 95 % CIs overlapped . |
CONCLUSIONS | The lysine requirement in undernourished children is similar to that of well-nourished children , and intestinal parasitic infestation increased the lysine requirement by 20 % . |
###24259978 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To compare the efficacy and side effects of low-dose amitriptyline ( AMT ) with proton pump inhibitor treatment in patients with globus pharyngeus . |
METHODS | Thirty-four patients who fulfilled the Rome III criteria for functional esophageal disorders were included in this study . |
METHODS | Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 25 mg AMT before bedtime ( AMT group ) or 40 mg Pantoprazole once daily for 4 wk ( conventional group ) . |
METHODS | The main efficacy endpoint was assessed using the Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scale ( GETS ) . |
METHODS | The secondary efficacy endpoints included the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form health survey [ social functioning ( SF ) -36 ] and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index . |
METHODS | Treatment response was defined as a > 50 % reduction in GETS scores . |
METHODS | All patients entering this study recorded side effects at days 1 , 8 , 15 , 22 and 29 using a visual analogue scale . |
RESULTS | Thirty patients completed the study . |
RESULTS | After 4 wk of treatment , the AMT group had a greater response than the conventional group ( 75 % vs 35.7 % , P = 0.004 ) . |
RESULTS | At day 3 , the AMT group showed significantly more improvement than the Conventional group in GETS score ( 3.69 1.14 vs 5.64 1.28 , P = 0.000 ) . |
RESULTS | After 4 wk of treatment , the AMT group showed significantly greater improvement in GETS score and sleep quality than the Conventional group ( 1.25 1.84 vs 3.79 2.33 , 4.19 2.07 vs 8.5 4.97 ; P < 0.01 for both ) . |
RESULTS | Additionally , the AMT group was more likely than the Conventional group to experience improvement in the SF-36 , including general health , vitality , social functioning and mental health ( P = 0.044 , 0.024 , 0.049 and 0.005 ) . |
RESULTS | Dry mouth , sleepiness , dizziness and constipation were the most common side effects . |
CONCLUSIONS | Low-dose AMT is well tolerated and can significantly improve patient symptoms , sleep and quality of life . |
CONCLUSIONS | Thus , low-dose AMT may be an effective treatment for globus pharyngeus . |
###25817373 | null |
BACKGROUND | Up to now , all tested Ebola virus vaccines have been based on the virus strain from the Zaire outbreak in 1976 . |
BACKGROUND | We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine expressing the glycoprotein of the 2014 epidemic strain . |
METHODS | We did this randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled , phase 1 clinical trial at one site in Taizhou County , Jiangsu Province , China . |
METHODS | Healthy adults ( aged 18-60 years ) were sequentially enrolled and randomly assigned ( 2:1 ) , by computer-generated block randomisation ( block size of six ) , to receive placebo , low-dose adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine , or high-dose vaccine . |
METHODS | Randomisation was pre-stratified by dose group . |
METHODS | All participants , investigators , and laboratory staff were masked to treatment allocation . |
METHODS | The primary safety endpoint was occurrence of solicited adverse reactions within 7 days of vaccination . |
METHODS | The primary immunogenicity endpoints were glycoprotein-specific antibody titres and T-cell responses at day 28 after the vaccination . |
METHODS | Analysis was by intention to treat . |
METHODS | The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02326194 . |
RESULTS | Between Dec 28 , 2014 , and Jan 9 , 2015 , 120 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive placebo ( n = 40 ) , low-dose vaccine ( n = 40 ) , or high-dose vaccine . |
RESULTS | Participants were followed up for 28 days . |
RESULTS | Overall , 82 ( 68 % ) participants reported at least one solicited adverse reaction within 7 days of vaccination ( n = 19 in the placebo group vs n = 27 in the low-dose group vs n = 36 in the high-dose group ; p = 00002 ) . |
RESULTS | The most common reaction was mild pain at the injection site , which was reported in eight ( 20 % ) participants in the placebo group , 14 ( 35 % ) participants in the low-dose group , and 29 ( 73 % ) participants in the high-dose vaccine group ( p < 00001 ) . |
RESULTS | We recorded no statistical differences in other adverse reactions and laboratory tests across groups . |
RESULTS | Glycoprotein-specific antibody titres were significantly increased in participants in the low-dose and high-dose vaccine groups at both day 14 ( geometric mean titre 4214 [ 95 % CI 2497-7113 ] and 8205 [ 5989-11240 ] , respectively ; p < 00001 ) and day 28 ( 6827 [ 4243-10985 ] and 13057 [ 9701-17572 ] , respectively ; p < 00001 ) . |
RESULTS | T-cell responses peaked at day 14 at a median of 4650 spot-forming cells ( IQR 1800-12025 ) in participants in the low-dose group and 7650 cells ( 4000-14600 ) in those in the high-dose group . |
RESULTS | 21 ( 18 % ) participants had mild fever ( n = 9 in the placebo group , n = 6 in the low-dose group , and n = 6 in the high-dose group ) . |
RESULTS | No serious adverse events were recorded . |
CONCLUSIONS | Our findings show that the high-dose vaccine is safe and robustly immunogenic . |
CONCLUSIONS | One shot of the high-dose vaccine could mount glycoprotein-specific humoral and T-cell response against Ebola virus in 14 days . |
BACKGROUND | China National Science and Technology , Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , and Tianjin CanSino Biotechnology . |
###25061700 | null |
OBJECTIVE | To evaluate the thermal antinociceptive effects and duration of action of buprenorphine hydrochloride after IM administration to American kestrels ( Falco sparverius ) . |
METHODS | 12 healthy 3-year-old American kestrels . |
METHODS | Buprenorphine hydrochloride ( 0.1 , 0.3 , and 0.6 mg/kg ) and a control treatment ( saline [ 0.9 % NaCl ] solution ) were administered IM in a randomized crossover experimental design . |
METHODS | Foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus was determined 1 hour before ( baseline ) and 1.5 , 3 , and 6 hours after treatment administration . |
METHODS | Agitation-sedation scores were determined 3 to 5 minutes before each thermal stimulus . |
METHODS | Adverse effects were monitored for 6 hours after treatment administration . |
RESULTS | Buprenorphine hydrochloride at 0.1 , 0.3 , and 0.6 mg/kg , IM , increased thermal threshold for 6 hours , compared with the response for the control treatment . |
RESULTS | There were no significant differences among buprenorphine treatments . |
RESULTS | A mild sedative effect was detected at a dose of 0.6 mg of buprenorphine/kg . |
CONCLUSIONS | At the doses tested , buprenorphine hydrochloride resulted in thermal antinociception in American kestrels for at least 6 hours , which suggested that buprenorphine has analgesic effects in this species . |
CONCLUSIONS | Further studies with longer evaluation periods and additional forms of noxious stimuli , formulations , dosages , and routes of administration are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of buprenorphine in American kestrels . |
###24884455 | null |