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6 THE LONG SHADOW OF ANTIQUITY MEDICINE AND PLANTS | C.A. Chavannes-Mazel | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
5 NAMING NAMES PLANTS IN THE AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE | C.A. Chavannes-Mazel|Gerda van Uffelen | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
The consul vanishes? On using and not using Gregory the Great's <i>Register</i> in early medieval England | Benjamin Savill | 2,023 | This article builds upon recent scholarship emphasizing the importance of Gregory Great's Register as a key text Carolingian and post‐Carolingian library, exploring by contrast its peculiarly limited reception in England. It first surveys what little evidence we have for citation English ecclesiastics (post‐c.1000, mostly via Wulfstan); it then examines single pre‐Conquest manuscript usually catalogued letter from Register, showing that this has been reworked an anonymous admonitio to judges (probably bishops). concludes reflecting on implications our understanding later Anglo‐Saxon church – community otherwise well‐invested Gregory's memory. | article | Early Medieval Europe |
Frontmatter | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Yale University Press eBooks |
Hincmar of Rheims, De Ordine Palatii and Royal Assemblies in the Late Carolingian Empire | Simon MacLean | 2,023 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
Chapter 1. Methodological Problems in Reconstructing Pre- Christian Slavic Religion | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Chapter 4. Between Love and Hate: Models of Fraternal Relations | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Chapter 8. Conclusion | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Theodore of Tarsus and the Study of Computus at the Canterbury School | Tobit Loevenich|Immo Warntjes | 2,023 | ABSTRACT The Irish Computus Einsidlensis ( CE ) of c. 700 contains a reference to certain Theodore. This article makes the case that this Theodore should be identified with Tarsus, archbishop Canterbury from 668/9 his death, 690, on basis comparison not only other contemporary Latin versions same argumentum , but also Byzantine computi. passage under discussion represents known computistical tract can confidence ascribed famous school and Hadrian. From evidence provided, it appears learnt algorithm while studying in Empire introduced through teaching audience; students brought Ireland, where got popularised Continent Willibrord. | article | Anglo-Saxon England |
Chapter 3. Equality and Fraternal Hierarchies | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Chapter 1. Introduction | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Charlemagne as David revisited | Lynton A. Boshoff | 2,023 | It was common practice in literate and learned circles at the late 8th-century Carolingian court to give one another personal nicknames. Although this would suggest a world of intimacy private confidences, these nicknames are also used literary artistic productions time. Most notably, Charlemagne himself is called ‘David’, remembrance Old Testament king. While phenomenon treated broad terms most studies on history culture, as an expression idealised kingship, nature its application significance individual instances literature addressed has been less well defined. In article, therefore, I revisit nuance idée reçue David, ideal, divinely chosen ruler, epitome scholarly learning wisdom – short, image king which actively promoted political stage. consider, case studies, uses David name Latin poetry Alcuin, Angilbert, Modoin, Theodulf Orléans. Through close reading texts consideration rhetorical strategies poet, performance context audience, intellectual milieu court, it shown that selected authors make use consistent recurrent pattern, reflects vision unified unique circle poets their pursuits. Contribution: This article aimed contribute field through analysis how when for Charlemagne, poems written court. king, closed question further implications status goals influence had over revival period. | article | In die skriflig |
Chapter 5. Fraternal Relations in the Context of Law and Social Practice | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Chapter 7. Brothers and their Wives | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Użytkowe i symboliczne znaczenie roślin leczniczych na planie opactwa Sankt Gallen (pocz. IX wieku) | Norbert Mojżyn | 2,023 | Utility and symbolic meaning of medicinal plants on the Plan Abbey Saint Gall (beginning 9th century) The world Latin Middle Ages was marked by spiritual-corporeal binomial: real space connected with many threads spiritual space. Religious symbolism imagination played a huge role in this binomial. A particular concentration mystical-allegorical meanings present monastic (Latin claustrum). Monks living monasteries were separated double barrier from world: – walls internal discipline (rule). This separation archetypal there border between cosmos chaos, earthly paradise (paradisus terrestris) damned (terra damnata). In such an antithetical, terrestrial supernatural key, culture read various elements life, defi ned vectors time place, ranging temple as eschatological Heavenly Jerusalem, through buildings monastery gardens (biblical Eden), ending cultivated them. Plants grown for functional (edible medicinal) reasons, well reasons (they attributed apotropaic properties) aesthetic (beauty also considered factor). Medicines seen body soul. They had important religious they symbolized virtues or sins. Such understanding can be found document that created Carolingian era, plan Benedictine abbey Gall. provides precise information not only about structure buildings, but plants, individual species places their cultivation within walls. | article | Medycyna Nowożytna |
Modifying Ancestral Memories in Post-Carolingian West Francia and Post-Tang Wuyue China | Quan Gan | 2,023 | This study compares the way in which memories of two royal ancestors were modified process dynastic construction: The first is Robert I (d. 923), eleventh-century Capetian France; second Qian Liu 932), tenth- century Wuyue 吳越, an independent kingdom region modern Zhejiang Province, China. A framework premodern globalism situates examples, and political cultures they represent, a transcultural transdisciplinary discourse “royal dynasty.” Both cultures, though far removed their respective spheres, shared assumption that ancestry institutional rank primary sources authority. dual-source vision would ultimately prove, both cases, more stable than kings or dynasties themselves. Precisely because it was so enduring, reformulated records ancestral deeds identities to accord with this discourse, aiming give nascent polities historical depth legitimacy. Juxtaposing further brings light how certain aspects may have affected autonomy memory-producing institutions, lineage-consciousness elite class. | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
Slavery and Slaves as “Global and Globalizing”? | Michael Zeuske | 2,023 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
El presbítero rural y la cultura escrita en el noroeste peninsular (s. X). Reflexiones iniciales | Ainoa Castro Correa | 2,023 | En el contexto de la revisión historiográfica reciente sobre presbítero rural peninsular con anterioridad a reforma eclesiástica mediados del siglo xi, en este texto aportamos unas reflexiones iniciales su figura intención abrir debate capacidad práctica como agente difusor alfabetización entorno social más inmediato, esto es, colectividad mayormente campesina que se integra. Para ello, tras ponderar las dificultades entraña estudio local escriba y definición un corpus, proponemos método trabajo centrado formación formativa, producción custodia documental, punto partida para una nueva línea investigación centrada garante relativa grupo laico rural. | article | Studia historica |
Law and spiritual sanctions: asserting the stability of <i>pro anima</i> donation charters in late tenth- and eleventh-century central Italy | Maya Maskarinec | 2,023 | ABSTRACTThis article examines the citation of legal texts in late tenth- and eleventh-century pro anima donation charters favour ecclesiastical institutions central Italy. It argues that, general, these were cited by notaries to insist on a general principle, derived from Lombard law, irrevocability all donations testamentary dispositions institutions. then discusses spiritual sanctions that likewise used such charters, arguing prevalence citations as well relates same heightened desire stress property face ongoing tensions regarding property. Finally, I point some evidence notaries, donors (and donees) increasingly aware alternatives an irrevocable charter, namely Roman law testament.KEYWORDS: Early Middle AgesCentral Italylegal citationspiritual sanctionsmonasteries AcknowledgementsI am grateful participants workshop, ‘Early Medieval Law Italian Charters Manuscripts’ (2021), for their comments feedback two anonymous reviewers.Notes1 Throughout this laws kings are with reference specific lawgiver question (Rothari, Grimwald, Liutprand, Ratchis, Aistulf). These edited Friedrich Bluhme Alfred Boretius, eds., Leges Langobardorum. Monumenta Germania Historica, 4 (Hanover: Hahn, 1868), English translation is available Katherine Fischer Drew, The Laws (Philadelphia, PA: University Pennsylvania Press, 1973). Central also Chapter 1 Charlemagne’s Capitulare Italicum 801 (Capit. 1, 98.1), ed. Capitularia regum Francorum, vol. 1. Francorum 1883), 205.The following cartularies or later collections documents study, referred abbreviated form: Casauria: Alessandro Pratesi Paolo Cherubini, Iohannis Berardi Liber instrumentorum seu Chronicorum monasterii Casauriensis Chronicon Casauriense. Fonti per la storia d’Italia medievale, Rerum Italicarum scriptores, 3rd series, 14. vols. (Rome: Nella sede dell’Istituto, Palazzo Borromini, 2017–19); Chieti: Antonio Balducci, ed., Regesto delle pergamene della curia arcivescovile di Chieti (Casalbordino: Nicola de Arcangelis, 1926); Farfa: Ignazio Giorgi Ugo Balzani, Farfa Gregorio Catino. Biblioteca Società romana patria, 5 Presso Società, 1879–92); Fermo: Delio Pacini, Il Codice 1030 dell’archivio diplomatico Fermo (Milan: Giuffrè, 1963); S. Bartolomeo: Berardo Pio, Alexandri monachi liber sancti Bartholomei Carpineto. dell’Italia Istituto storico italiano, 2001); Maria Tremiti: Armando Petrucci, del monastero benedettino Tremiti. 98. 3 Tipografia Senato, 1960); Sulmona: Nunzio Federigo Faraglia, Sulmonese (Lanciano: R. Carabba, 1888) [all examples referenced volume formely preserved cathedral Sulmona]; Volturno: Vincenzo Federici, Vulturnense monaco Giovanni. 58–60. 1925–38).On see generally, Arnold Angenendt, ‘Donationes anima: Gift Countergift Liturgy’, Long Morning Europe: New Directions Studies, eds. Jennifer Davis Michael McCormick (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), 131–54; Eliana Magnani, ‘Almsgiving, Donatio Pro Anima Eucharistic Offering Ages Western Europe (4th–9th century)’, Charity Giving Monotheistic Religions, Miriam Frenkel Yaacov Lev (Berlin: Walter Gruyter, 2009), 111–24; Ilana F. Silber, ‘Gift-Giving Great Traditions: Case Donations Monasteries West’, European Journal Sociology 36, no. 2 (1995): 209–43; Susan Wood, Proprietary Church West (Oxford: Oxford 2006), especially 729–88; Janet L. Nelson, ‘Church Properties Propertied Church: Donors, Clergy Fourth Century Twelfth’, Historical Review 124 (2009): 355–74.2 See below, nn. 28–31.3 ‘Gift-Giving’, 222–3; examples, Church.4 François Bougard, ‘Jugement divin, excommunication, anathème et malédiction: sanction spirituelle dans les sources diplomatiques’, Exclure communauté chrétienne, Geneviève Bührer-Thierry Stéphane Gioanni (Turnhout: Brepols, 2015), 215–38.5 La justice le royaume d’Italie fin du VIIIe siècle au début XIe École française Rome, 1995), 146–7, 293–4. Also valuable Giulio Vismara, ‘Leggi e dottrina nella prassi notarile italiana dell’alto medioevo’, Confluence des droits savants pratiques juridiques: actes Colloque Montpellier (12–14 décembre 1977) Giuffrè 1979), 313–40, reprinted idem, Scritti giuridica, 2, vita diritto negli atti privati medievali A. 1987), 49–78.6 On juridical culture, Charles M. Radding, Origins Jurisprudence: Pavia Bologna, 850–1150 (New Haven, CT: Yale 1988); Ronald G. Witt, Two Latin Cultures Foundation Renaissance Humanism Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge 2011), 166–78; Mario Ascheri, Late (1000–1500): Foundations Legal System (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 9–104.7 For explanation, see, example, Laurent Feller, Les Abruzzes médiévales: territoire, économie société en Italie centrale IXe XIIe (Paris: 1998), 41–2.8 Michel Zimmermann, ‘Le vocabulaire latin malédiction siècle: construction d’un discours eschatologique’, Atalaya: Revue Française d’Études Médiévales Hispaniques (1994): 37–55; Amedeo Feniello Jean-Marie Martin, ‘Clausole anatema maledizione nei documenti (Italia meridionale Sicilia, Sardegna, X–XII secolo)’, Mélanges l’École Rome: Moyen Âge 123, (2011): 105–27. work Lester K. Little, especially, ‘La morphologie malédictions monastiques’, Annales 34 (1979): 43–60; Benedictine Maledictions: Liturgical Cursing Romanesque France (Ithaca, NY: Cornell 1993), 52–9.9 Jeffrey Bowman, ‘Do Neo-Romans Curse? Law, Land, Ritual Midi (900–1100)’, Viator 28 (1997): 1–32; divin’.10 divin’, 235: ‘le politique spirituel ne sont pas même registre.’ Bougard drawing my attention line research.11 Full references concerned given note 1.12 Pohl, ‘Leges Langobardorum', Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Johannes Hoops Heinrich Beck De 2001), 208–13; leggi longobarde nell’Italia carolingia: contesto trasmissione', Paolino d’Aquileia il contributo italiano all’Europa Convegno internazionale studi, Cividale Friuli-Premariacco, 10–13 ottobre 2002, Chiesa. Libri biblioteche 12 (Udine: Forum, 2003), 421–37. further website Karl Ubl others, ‘Bibliotheca legum: A Database Carolingian Secular Texts’, at http://www.leges.uni-koeln.de/en/lex/leges-langobardorum/.13 Stefan Esders Helmut Reimitz, ‘Diversity Convergence: Accommodation Ethnic Pluralism Empire’, Empires Communities Post-Roman Islamic World, c.400–1000 CE, Pohl Rutger Kramer York: 2021), 227–52.14 Hubert Mordek, Bibliotheca capitularium manuscripta: Überlieferung und Traditionszusammenhang fränkischen Herrschererlasse (Munich: 1995); Christoph Meyer, ‘Auf Suche nach dem lombardischen Strafrecht: Beobachtungen zu den Quellen 11. Jahrhunderts', Neue Wege strafrechtsgeschichtlicher Forschung, Hans Schlosser Dietmar Willoweit (Cologne: Böhlau, 1999), 341–88. website, ‘Capitularia: Edition Frankish Capitularies’ (Cologne, 2014–), https://capitularia.uni-koeln.de/en/.15 ‘Capitulare Italicum’ [BK 98], ‘Capitularia’, https://capitularia.uni-koeln.de/en/capit/pre814/bk-nr-098/ (Accessed October 2022).16 dottrina’; Giorgio Costamagna, ‘L’alto Alle origini notariato Amelotti Costamagna Consiglio nazionale notariato, 1975), 151–314 (217).17 cartulary, bibliography, Marios J. Costambeys, Power Patronage Italy: Local Society, Politics Abbey Farfa, c.700–900 2007), 15–19; Carlrichard Brühl, ‘Überlegungen zur Diplomatik spoletinischen Herzogsurkunde’, Atti 9° Congresso studi sull’alto medioevo, Spoleto, 27 settembre–2 1982 (Spoleto: Centro 1983), 231–49; Volturno, Federico Marazzi, ‘San al Volturno tra VIII IX secolo: percorso grande crescita (Un’indagine comparativa con altre grandi fondazioni benedettine italiane)’, San cultura, istituzioni, economia, Marazzi (Monteroduni, Isernia: Edizioni Cep, 1996), 41–90 (42–6); Chris Wickham, ‘Monastic Lands Monastic Patrons’, 2: 1980–86 Excavations. Part Richard Hodges (London: British School 138–52; Casauria, introduction critical edition, 31–2, above n. cartulaire-chronique Clemente à Casauria’, cartulaires. Actes table ronde organisée par nationale chartes 1991, Olivier Guyotjeannin, Morelle Parisse chartes, 261–77 (269–77); Bartolomeo, which survives seventeenth-century copies, introduction, above, Swen Holger Brunsch, ‘Urkunden andere Schriftstücke im “Chronicorum liber” Klosters Bartolomeo Carpineto’, Forschungen aus Italienischen Archiven Bibliotheken 82 (2002): 1–46; Fermo, 1030, 11; Tremiti assessement 1: 141, edition (vol. 1), above.18 earliest nos. 9, 10–11 12, dated 962, but arguably forgeries, least heavily interpolated; médiévales, 579, 83; ‘Monastères privés réforme (X–XII siècles): l’évolution statut Carpineto (962–1120)’, Sanctorum 7 (2010): 65–82 (73–4). latest example comes Sulmona, 38 (1177).19 exception Adam, iudex notarius, responsible numerous second half eleventh century, whose always begin arenga cites legislation; 38.20 1878 (1041); (dated 18); Chieti, (1012); Tremiti, 6 (1016), 29 (1041), 30 (1042), 33 (1044).21 Langobardorum, 109: ‘Si quis Langobardus, ut habens casus humanae fragilitatis egrotaverit, quamquam lectolo reiaceat, potestatem habeat, dum vivit recte loqui potest, sua iudicandi vel dispensandi rebus suis, quid aut qualiter cui voluerit; quod iudicaverit, stabilem debeat permanere.’22 (1042): ‘Ideoque ego Sanso, filius quodam Rainaldi, declaro enim qui cum quadam die proterea retacitus iacere lectulo meo, cogitare cepit infra me absum peccati concesu sum natum … confirmavimus ea videlicet ratione quia dominus Liuprandus suo capitulare sic affixit. “Si qualibet Langobardus egrotaverit iacet.’” similar description found one foundational monastery, text Feller has argued be forgery interpolated (see 20), 10–11. Compare monastery’s foundation Alexander’s chronicle, Book. describes Bernard’s illness (‘die gravi esset corporis infirmitate correptus’) prompting his generosity. closely related 110 (998), argued, was likely part basis redacting document; below. Other come three pieces legislation, 1969 (April?, 1049), Capit. 98.1.23 1988 (1050): ‘sicut edicti Langobardorum continet pagina, ut, res suas salute animę sue sanctis locis causa pietatis stabile permanere.’24 137: ‘De donatione quae sine launigild thingatione facta est, menime stare deveat. Quia specialiter edictum non fuit institutum, tamen usque modo est iudicatum: ideo errore tollendum hoc scribere paginam iussimus excepto si ecclesiam loca sanctorum exeneodochio aliquit quiscumque donaverit, deveat permanere, loga nec thinx inpedire devit, eo factum est.’25 780 (1045).26 (1045): ‘Et reprobemus postea causam ipsam quam fecimus, nos haeredes nostri, excellentissimus Liutprandus rex suis capitulis adicere curavit: piam donationem fecerit sanctorum, tinx launegild impedire debent, sit ipsa reprobata diximus.’27 ‘quae natione ad meam reversa legem, domni Lotharii regis legitur mulier romana, eius defuncto viro, soluta suam revertatur legem.’ Cap. 158.16.28 2004 (1051): ‘et inputo mercedem meam, do(m)nus affixit, “in casis synodochio debet.’” Similarly, 2026 (1056?), 2039 (1061). Sulomonese, (1050), (1051), (1057), 11 (1071), (1073), 14, 15, 17, 19, (1085–1115) notary], 32 (1130). 13 (962).29 Casauria 1330 (877); 1378 (892).30 77 (1065): ‘ unde premium, pretium exinde quero neque launegilt petiero, nisi precibus orationes noctuque Deum mea parentibus meis.’31 28. expecting heavenly donations, ‘Compulsory Exchange Italy, 650–1150’, Languages Ages, Wendy Davies Paul Fouracre 2010), 193–216 (197–8, 11).32 195 (1023): continent pagina domnus rex, capitulo instituit, suas, sua, loco Sanctorum, sinodochia permanere.’ This charter proceeds cite 98.1. Another 1686 (1017), 98.1.33 649 (1010): ‘firma stabilis permaneat perpetuum, quomodo langobardorum pagina.’34 205: cartis donationum faciendis. Si statum praecogitans animae suae cartam donationis cuilibet facere voluerit, non, sicut actenus fieri solebat, ius sibi vendendi, commutandi aliam easdem alienandi reservet, set abolute faciat unusquisque velit, noverit nostra autoritate penitus interdictum duas eadem re donationes, postquam unam traditionem fecerit, ipsis faciendi nullam habeat potestatem: ita tamen, usum fructuum precariam traditas tempus diffinitum possidendi concessa facultas.’35 190 (1014) [notary Petrus]; 2017 (1055) Atto], 2033 (1058) Sanso], 247 (1065) Atto].36 537 (1022? 1024?): ‘sicuti gloriosissimi Karoli constitutum habemus. langobardus recogitans, salutae cartulam sicuti hactenus iussit, commutandi, alia carta eamdem reseruet, sed absolute huius nostrae auctoritatis penitus. Duas potestatem.’ less extensively, 564 (1034?, 1036?).37 2054 (1068): ‘quia do(m)n(us) Karolus imperator constituit nobis iudicare illi placuerit iudicaverit firmum permaneat.’38 862 (1057) subsequent listed Appendix: ‘Decetrum dei nutu magni imperatoris ac patricii Romanorum, instituit homo donare quaemadmodum hic continentur ’ 119 (1090) ‘Decretum domini Caroli regis, quibus ipse anime sue, faciat, quemadmodum continetur ’39 199–200.40 16 (1035) [Aist. 12]; 65 (1059) [Liutpr. 6, Liutpr. 73 Aist. 12]. Both redacted Puglia (Ripalta monastery Giovanni Piano).41 (1035): ‘quod Astolfus affixit: quislibet sanitate egritudine rem ordinaverit redemptione permanere.’42 1926 (1047), notary Giso: ‘cuicumque vendidisset donasset permansisset quicquid iudicaverimus dispensaverimus, omni tempore permaneat.’ capitulary Pippin 95.11: 201. Cf. similarly, 1981 (1049).43 66 (766). discussion firmitas early extensive Maurizio Lupoi, radici mondo giuridico europeo: saggio storico-comparativo poligrafico Zecca dello Stato, Libreria 1994), trans. Adrian Belton, Order 2000), 438–57.44 335 (888): ‘Sed ipso sancto monasterio firma donatio nostra, lege pagina’. 333 (884), 337 (890).45 divin’.46 Examples sanctions: 372 (920); 385 (951).47 (1017).48 (1055).49 West, Reframing Feudal Revolution: Political Social Transformation Between Marne Moselle, c.800–c.1100 here 255. My thanks go reviewer point.50 Regarding medieval 151–204.51 index (Regesto Farfa), p. CXV: ‘Iohannes notarius (s. XI)’.52 981 (1067). Like other includes generalised usage 801; 38.53 225.54 (1034? 1036?) (law cited, no sanction); 534 (1021? 1022?) (spiritual sanction, cited); 1024?) 565 (neither).55 Revolution, 1.56 237.57 Destructio farfensis, farfense Catino, Balzani. Forzani, 1903), 27–51.58 Hugo’s strategies, Maya Maskarinec, Archives Law: Strategies Monte Amiata Turn Millennium’, (2021): 331–65.59 particularly apparent Casauria’s cartulary where 6; 19; 74; 73; 101; Aistulf 16; [= Francorum.] 40.12; 95.11; 98.1; Papiensis, Louis Pious, 11, 289–585]; 53.60 made ‘Les patrimoines monastiques (VIIe–Xe s.)’, L’environnement églises topographie religieuse campagnes IIIe congrès international d’archéologie médiévale (Aix-en-Provence, 28–30 septembre 1989), Fixot Elisabeth Zadora-Rio Éditions Maison Sciences l’Homme, 150–5 (150).61 events described Book 987–1016.62 what follows, ‘Pouvoir autour l’an mil: aristocratie, incastellamento, appropriation justices (960–1035)’, Bullettino dell’Istituto Storico Italiano Medio Evo 94 (1988): 1–72.63 (1017). An even earlier donation, 1533 (980), effect religious woman who remains home right dispose third her properties benefit soul anyone whom she wishes should remain stabile. legislation Liutprand 101.64 1039–66.65 ‘Casaux castra Abbruzzes: Salvatore Maiella (XIe–XIIIe siècle)’, Âge, Temps Modernes 97 (1985): 145–82.66 As John’s documents, similarly Bartolomeo’s often only form. contrasts Gregory’s Farfa’s full.67 privés’.68 9–11.69 18 below 115. bases argument fact contemporary do not Lombard/Carolingian charters’ inclusion castella (such Fara Carpinetum) seem have into possession until considerably and/or disputed between descendants. Abruzzes, 589–90.70 (962): (979): (977): penalty.71 20. Included series 998 1015 (nos. 110–14); these, however, pertain Vitale Pietra Scritta came 1071.72 14–17, above.73 559 (1028).74 (1028): ‘dedi donatum praesenti concessumque perpetuum esse volo.’75 ‘praesens aepistola cessionis inviolata stipulatione subnexa.’76 ‘si forsitan langobardum continetur, peccatis alii viro nubere praesumpserit, ipsae revertantur suprascriptum monasterium.’77 43.78 langobarda se desperaverit propter infirmitatem senectutem filios posse procreare, thingaverit, procreaverit, omne thin[x] ante rumpatur. Quod suprascriptus etsi peccata facinora atque destinatione habeo legitimum filium, noster ihesus christus michi filium dederit legitima uxore, suprascriptae meum legitimum, quantum congruum concedere suprascripto monasterio. Et filio legitimo decessero, omnes ulla calumina.’79 Translation modified based Laws, 82; 39–40: disperaverit aliquam corporis, possit habere, thingaverit posteaque eum contegerit, legitimus procreare: donatio, prius fecerat, rumpatur, filii legitimi unus plures, nati fuerint, heredes omnibus patri succedant.’80 845 (1050? 1054?): ‘In tali vero tenore donadeus nepos mortuus fuerit legitimo, ista legitur, veniat monasterium iam dictum est.’81 (1049). discussed 498–501.82 1968 (1049).83 1970 (1049).84 editors plausibly suggest refers 11.85 calculated 498–9, significantly than maximum amount 102 (Bluhme 149) allowed leave daughter.86 1994 (1050?): edictis sui affixit infante que ętatem licentiam synodochia permanere’; 499–500 interprets document indicating Octeberto’s respected Purpura had entered inheritance. convinced case. agree suggests contestation (or concern possible contestation) we need assume it regarded facto annulled wished Purpura’s assent donation. In particular, think telling nowhere verbs tradere used; instead action iudicavi confirmavi.87 117: statuimus adque definimus, cuicumque ipsos decem octo annos evenerit egritudo, viderit mortis periculum tendere, animam locis, pietatis, senedochio iudicare, textual combination close similarity 19 makes this, mind, obvious reference. Thus patently true, claimed 42 500, dealing ‘une pure simple falsification destinée masquer une frauduleuse: notaire, pour aider monastère entreprise caption d’héritage inventa un texte loi disait contraire d’une novelle Liutprand’. referring 58.88 415–16: ‘Petre, te appellat Martinus, pars Apollinaris tu es advocatus tenet malo ordine terram loco. – Ipsa terra propria sanct | article | Journal of Medieval History |
Trafficking with Demons: Magic, Ritual, and Gender from Late Antiquity to 1000 | Gwendolyne Knight | 2,023 | Martha Rampton’s Trafficking with Demons: Magic, Ritual, and Gender from Late Antiquity to 1000 is a comprehensive study of the changes continuities that magic—and its gendered ritual associations—underwent early Christianity through Carolingian period. Although Rampton focuses on Roman subsequently Merovingian heartlands, she adduces an impressively broad range primary sources cover Latin West Empire Ireland. Following general introduction, Demons comprises four substantial sections. Part 1 contains two chapters delve deeper into magic different perspectives. From there volume proceeds chronologically, part 2 exploring in Rome Early Church, 3 “post-Roman” period (in total ca. mid-fifth mid-eighth centuries) 4 Europe (covering century just after millennium).The introduction 1, “Studying Magic,” present scope, historical background, fundamental concepts study. Given swath time book covers, this no easy task, at times particular can feel somewhat disjointed. Ritual forms central axis around which turns, as does concept itself, both cases provides thorough overview history field, but more discussion her own relation them would have been appreciated. The first chapter “Magic Its Sources Middle Ages,” argues magic, most fundamental, constitutes dealings demons; thus, second chapter, “Demons Lower Air,” discusses demonology millennium it took developing expanding periods Christian Church. Critically, demonic pact later Ages not concern: medieval traffic demons focused these beings illusion illicit power—a subversive potentially threatening alternative divine.Part 2, “Breaking In: Classical Rome,” begins 3, “Ritual, Demons, Sacred Space,” lays out Christianity’s precarious position centuries prior legalization. Key process, argues, was legitimization establishment sacred spaces, which, crucially, were located indoors. Rituals associated nature thus became only illegitimate directed toward rather than God. also issues prophecy divination, problems because their widespread appeal prominent place prophets omens within Scripture. final section focus women, or “women’s magic.” could perhaps made distinction that, literature, love overwhelmingly women; points out, however, material finds demonstrate women men attempting least certain kinds albeit for ends. Indeed, many texts practices much complex straightforward association yet magic” remains theme. In concludes “The Screech Owl, Vampire, Moon, Woman,” elevates women’s practice creatures such lamiae, striae, and, importantly upcoming chapters, figure pagan goddess Diana herself.Rampton moves forward “Traffic Post-Roman Europe.” There some lack clarity between labels, overall point transition clear: whereas previous situated rise dominant religion Rome, effort spread center peripheries Europe. This chronological movement always reflected illustrate arguments, local nuances are obscured by identification broad, reductive, patterns. Chapter 7, “Sub Dio,” echoes discussing delineation natural world, full should be worshipped, spiritual safety church. contrasts classical antiquity’s preoccupation maleficium social community harm greater concern countering traditions. These traditions include worship games, weather Kalends January (the New Year festival celebrated January). 8, “Victimless Magic Execrable Remedies,” takes up specific objectional practices, false prophecy, astrology, divination. Here amulets medical treatment. 9, Awesome Power Woman’s Craft,” late antique post-Roman perspectives drew similar themes stereotypes, even if archetypes, performed secret, patristic sources. Importantly, though, taken seriously—even seen serious problem—and, functioned means empowerment women.Finally, 4, “Skepticism: Era,” reader eighth end millennium. title encapsulates one main observations regarding millennium: regardless attitudes magic—especially women—even authoritative voices had nevertheless considered effective. notes skepticism efficacy attendant loss female belief power across multiple domains, key change during Themes familiar chapters—tension improper proper ritual, spaces amulets—appear well, highlights emphasis powerful figures questioning all. 12, “Women’s Challenged,” doubt elite writers regarded who perceived themselves magically powerful. Nevertheless, surprising amount continuity earlier leads case studies 13, “Magic, Women, Court.” While Empress Judith Queen Theutberga indeed changing political positions potential sorcery implicated problematic situations, connection demons, seem especially either case. accusations call mind birth (or abortive) mentioned 14, Materia Medica,” directly materials. extent reveal rituals hinted other textual documents here, various images strength—representing healing.Rampton reminding readers all three surveyed, “For pagans Christians, natural—not supernatural” (384). They simply existed needed coped like any phenomenon. Change incremental often localized, task identifying response deemed “demonic” tricky. book, has, visible shown how them, hence changed perception millennium.Overall, work, extensive secondary cited throughout. Ultimately, imparts sense really knowing what wants be; considerations sometimes imperfectly integrated surrounding argument, feels contrived, unclear. Examining gender trafficking may ultimately diluted force argument. breadth chronology has come cost depth patterns identifies, results reductive interpretation names variation well genre conventions factors, take account. extremely valuable study, will scholars students entering seeking foothold magic. | article | Preternature |
Papal Privileges and the ‘Mercian Supremacy’ (<i>c</i>. 770–<i>c</i>. 830) | Benjamin Savill | 2,023 | Abstract Chapter 5 turns to the transformed political landscape of ‘Mercian Supremacy’ later eighth and earlier ninth centuries, exploring ways in which Mercian kings, queens, abbesses used new kinds papal privileges help tighten their grip on familial (monastic) properties, secure inheritance plans. It argues that it was these decades may well have been utilised more effectively England than at any other time; moreover, strategies pursued by royals were quite unique, sharply differing from what we see contemporary Carolingian empire, or periods. also addresses problem why record events appears become so distorted centuries. | chapter | Oxford University Press eBooks |
Conclusions | Benjamin Savill | 2,023 | Abstract This concluding chapter reflects on the longue durée picture of Anglo-papal documentary relations across early middle ages, stressing in particular absence a simple linear narrative, and importance rather experimental nature many English interactions with papacy: engaging on-and-off Rome as resource ideas, traditions, textual strategies over centuries. It further emphasises difference between later Anglo-Saxon later-/post-Carolingian Rome, closes some remarks what this study underlines about wider (substantially, petitioner-driven) dynamics medieval papacy. | chapter | Oxford University Press eBooks |
Rutger Kramer, Graeme Ward en Emilie Kurdziel eds., Monastic Communities and Canonical Clergy in the Carolingian World (780–840). Categorizing the Church (Brepols; Turnhout, 2022) 454 p., ill., €120,00 ISBN 9782503579351 | Catherine Rosbrook | 2,023 | Amsterdam University Press is a leading publisher of academic books, journals and textbooks in the Humanities Social Sciences. Our aim to make current research available scholars, students, innovators, general public. AUP stands for scholarly excellence, global presence, engagement with international community. | article | Tijdschrift Voor Geschiedenis |
Weeds and the Carolingians: Empire, Culture, and Nature in Frankish Europe, <scp>ad</scp> 750–900. By PaoloSquatriti. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2022. xi + 224 pp. + 1 b/w and 11 colour figures. £75. ISBN 978 1 316 51286 9. | Wendy Davies | 2,023 | Early Medieval EuropeEarly View Book review Weeds and the Carolingians: Empire, Culture, Nature in Frankish Europe, ad 750–900. By Paolo Squatriti. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2022. xi + 224 pp. 1 b/w 11 colour figures. £75. ISBN 978 316 51286 9. Wendy Davies, DaviesSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 September 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12680Read full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare text full-text accessPlease our Terms Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available article. ViewOnline Version Record before inclusion an issue RelatedInformation | article | Early Medieval Europe |
Philological and historical notes on the introduction of a letter sent by the emperor Honorius to the army (Epistula Honorii) | Carla Setién García | 2,023 | A tenth-century manuscript, composed in the Kingdom of Pamplona’s courtly circle, transmits a letter by emperor Honorius to troops stationed city Pamplona. The brief introduction that precedes features information crucial understanding and interpretation rest text. This article seeks reevaluate existing scholarship on its content, firstly, analysing function whole text within manuscript’s conception tradition and, secondly, looking at other Late Antique Early Medieval sources, try recontextualise prefatory My main argument is an anonymous author from Pamplona wrote it, or compilers code modified it suit their own interests. | article | Emerita |
Inhaltsverzeichnis | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
Charlemagne’s Legacy: A Consensus Analysis of Affective Meanings in French and German Culture | Diego Dametto|Luc Vieira|Tobias Schröder|Christophe Blaison | 2,023 | We investigate between- and within-country consensus about affective meanings of social identities along the evaluation, potency, activity dimensions from affect control theory research tradition. Ratings for 387 (194 male 193 female) were collected two samples representative French (N = 700) German populations age, gender, region. Guided by preregistered hypotheses based on previous cross-cultural research, our analysis points to considerable cultural between Germans who seem share a common “Carolingian” culture; yet some culture-specific patterns concerning evaluation dimension evaluation-potency interactions found be statistically significant. interpret these results in terms known features such as power distance conceptions power. | article | Social Psychology Quarterly |
The Social Context of the Charter: Times and Places of Documentation in Early Medieval Iberia (711-1031) | Graham Barrett | 2,023 | When and where was a charter written? Whether the scribe prepared it before, during, or after transaction, on spot elsewhere, conditions its standing as historical evidence. They are basic questions for understanding how written record relates to communities whose actions reveals. This article seeks answers in corpus from kingdoms of Asturias-León Navarra down 1031. Attention writing content documents points variety scenarios, most common being: attend transaction with template be integrated into execution take notes at essential details form basis later drafting record. Both scenarios presume real presence well reading aloud final text participants, which together functioned controls word ensure integration society. | article | Studia historica |
<i>Regibus solo nomine regnantibus</i>: The Late Merovingians | null | 2,023 | The story of Merovingian decline is inexorably linked to that Carolingian ascent, a coupling ubiquitous in the historiographical record. success propaganda thus evident adoption its perspective later works historiography. While it now widely held death Dagobert I did not herald depletion vigor, this view was adopted by numerous post-Carolingian compositions. It present two sources discussed chapter, twelfth-century Chronica Sigebert Gembloux and sixteenth-century Sefer Divrei Hayamim leMalkei Tzarfat uVeit Otoman Hatogar [The Book Histories Kings France Turkish House Ottoman] Yosef Ha-Kohen. Both were composed at considerable remove from period, yet they bear traces historiography’s far-reaching influence. This especially noticeable their periodization era. chapter will argue both authors saw line as process precipitated disastrous reign Clovis II (d. 657), appraisal influenced coverage his successors. | chapter | Cambridge University Press eBooks |
Conclusions | null | 2,023 | The conclusions discuss the historiographical preference shown to Trojan and biblical origin stories, motif of Merovingian decline following death Dagobert as a consequence Dionysian influence on tradition. It discusses different solutions proposed forthe transfer royal power in AD 751, need contend with charged legacy this event. Different responses Carolingian ascent began emerge tenth century, diminished then was supplanted by Capetians. chapter concludes discussion genre its effects our understanding sources intent authors. | chapter | Cambridge University Press eBooks |
Half-Human Half-Vegetal Hybrids in Eastern Mosaics | Stéphanie Derwael | 2,023 | The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution use half-human half-vegetal figures, so-called Rankenfrau and Rankengott, in pavements Eastern Mediterranean, from their appearance Classical period appropriation Roman Christian times. contextualised analysis corpus, combined with a comparison other media such as architectural sculpture, provide good opportunity better understand what extent motif varied at different times how worldview commissioners decors can, or not, affect meaning. In Hellenistic contexts, vegetalisation human body seems plastically translate prerogatives divinities wild nature, growth, life. Through mastery primitive savagery, these deities allow coexistence two natures bring divine prosperity into everyday figures inherited Greek world went through an unprecedented formal syntactic diversification. A new variant even created: foliate head, which concentrates force vital principle appears metonymic representation its primordial spontaneous fecundity. pavements, bearded beardless heads are associated young boys peopled scroll borders public rooms rich houses. They evoked impulse that made beneficial for wealthy owners. During 6th century AD, whilst survive monuments, Rankengott seem disappear repertoire. | article | Journal of mosaic research|DergiPark (Istanbul University) |
Żałosny koniec bezbożnika albo historia pewnej legendy | Beata Spieralska-Kasprzyk | 2,023 | null | article | Meander |
Zakaz używania łuku i kuszy w średniowiecznej myśli Kościoła katolickiego o wojnie | Daniel Marek | 2,023 | Broń miotająca towarzyszy człowiekowi od najdawniejszych czasów. Łuk i kusza używane były przez niemal wszystkie cywilizacje na każdym kontynencie. Duża skuteczność tej broni widoczna jest w nadawaniu jej bez mała właściwości nadprzyrodzonych, które odnaleźć można chociażby Biblii. Początkowo Kościół nie odnosił się bezpośrednio do działań łuczników kuszników, a jedynie rozważał zagadnienie wojny ogóle. Dopiero pod koniec wieku XI rozpoczęło kościelne ograniczanie zasad dotyczących posługiwania kuszą. Podczas Soboru Laterańskiego II 1139 r. kanonem 29. zabroniono karą klątwy walce między chrześcijanami używania zarówno łuku, jak kuszy. Śledząc jednak rozwój miotającej, wydaje się, że średniowieczną wojskowość miało to większego wpływ. Pojawia więc pytanie o sens wprowadzenia zakazu drogą zwołania soboru powszechnego następnie umieszczenia go powszechnym prawodawstwie kościelnym. Dla zrozumienia wydania sankcji trzeba spojrzeć decyzję pryzmat średniowiecznej myśli kanonistów prawników. Kanon komentowany był kontekście innego ważnego zagadnienia, jakim była wojna sprawiedliwa. Otóż według teologów prawników zakaz łuków kusz dotyczył sytuacji prowadzenia sprawiedliwej, ta zaś konceptem przejętym z rzymskiej rozbudowanym wieki dzięki chrześcijańskim intelektualistom. Najważniejszym powodem będzie dążenie ograniczenia samej wojny. początku swego istnienia zasadność Dopóki Cesarstwo Rzymskie było zarządzane pogańskich władców, jawiła chrześcijańskiej jako coś niepotrzebnego, nawet zakazanego. Wraz pojawieniem Konstantyna Wielkiego chrystianizacją Imperium Romanum zmieniło chrześcijańskie podejście Upadek cesarstwa Zachodzie napływ ludów germańskich spowodował ponowną zmianę podejścia zawodu żołnierza. Brak silnej władzy centralnej wymusił hierarchii kościelnej poszukiwanie nowego sojusznika zapewnianiu pokoju świecie. Inicjatywy pokojowe skierowane przeciw rycerzom możnym pałającymi grabieżą rozbojem miały zmniejszyć skalę przemocy Europie wczesnego średniowiecza. Instytucje rozejmu Bożego wraz zawiązywanymi ligami paradoksalnie siłą zaczęły walczyć zaprowadzenie spokoju ochronę najbardziej narażonych nieograniczoną wojnę: chłopów, duchownych kupców. Wypowiedziano wojnę wojnie. Jednakże chrystianizacja rycerstwa doprowadziła militaryzacji samego Kościoła. zakazany zawód żołnierza czasem umożliwiał dostąpienie zbawienia zmiany drogi życiowej. W tym przestał mieć znaczenie rodzaj sposób wojowania, jeśli tylko walka spełniała warunki sprawiedliwej. | article | Acta Universitatis Lodziensis |
Written Practices na Maia: A Newly Discovered Source of Old Hispanic Notation from Portugal | Elsa De Luca|Ainoa Castro Correa | 2,023 | This study introduces a manuscript kept in the Arquivo da Torre do Tombo which represents third source with Old Hispanic notation found Portuguese territories, and first recovered from charter. unique document is significant given paucity of extant sources this type notation, because few are securely dated whilst one allows for better chronological contextualisation. Likewise, relevant it linked to context rural mostly secular written production period change towards monastic rule. Focusing on peculiar charter, following pages we will introduce most aspects its materiality, shedding light world scribes operating northern Portugal opening up new possibilities understanding patchy scenario diffusion use notation. | article | Studia historica |
Neo-Barbarism Upon Us? | null | 2,023 | null | article | ACADEMIA - The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences |
Regional Magnates and the Last Carolingians | Fraser McNair | 2,023 | null | chapter | Routledge eBooks |
Contents | null | 2,023 | null | paratext | De Gruyter eBooks |
Chapter 6. Paternal Uncles and Nephews | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
The Carolingian <i>cocio</i>: on the vocabulary of the early medieval petty merchant | Shane Bobrycki | 2,023 | The word cocio (i.e. petty merchant or broker in classical Latin) was a rare term that after long absence written Latin reappeared several Carolingian texts. Scholars have posited medieval semantic shift from ‘merchant’ to ‘vagabond’. But this article argues consensus is erroneous. continued refer commercial agents, is, small merchants. Furthermore, the term’s appearance capitularies and its subsequent vernacular afterlife together suggest borrowed (unattested) proto‐Romance usage. A corrected history of early use illuminates relationship between spoken as well aspects social, religious, economic period, speaks promise language shed light on realities. | article | Early Medieval Europe |
Chapter 3. Carolingian Diplomacy with the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Princeton University Press eBooks |
Coins from the multi-stratified medieval site of Reccopolis: analysis of long-term numismatic records | Manuel Castro Priego|Pilar Diarte Blasco|Lauro Olmo-Enciso | 2,023 | ABSTRACTThe relationship between numismatic research and archaeological stratigraphy is one of the most significant resources for defining economic social mechanisms Middle Ages. A assemblage comprising 146 coins – mostly unpublished recovered from late sixth-century Visigothic settlement Reccopolis in Guadalajara, Spain, focus this study. Through characterisation deposits monetary finds it has been possible to establish a contextual interpretation which indicators durability, continuity rituality use currency can be observed. In connection with this, substantial number have found concentrated specific sectors site, especially neighbourhood church, where foundational value some hoards reinterpreted. This study establishes constant chronological dating stratigraphic contextualisation, exploring complex periods certain specimens, while also stressing importance interpreting coinage within wider material assemblages.KEYWORDS: Medieval coinsReccopolisZorita de los Canes Treasureal-Andalus hoardsCastilian coinsstratigraphy AcknowledgementsThis work part Its Material Culture: From Object Built Space (RECCULT) project. It funded Scientific Research Technology Transfer Projects (2022–2025) government Castilla-La Mancha. was carried out Alcalá University (Spain) group Archaeology: Landscapes, Colonialism Cultural Heritage.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest reported by author(s).Notes1 Doménech-Belda Gutiérrez-Lloret, “Viejas y nuevas monedas;” Castro-Priego, “Reccopolis hallazgos numismáticos;” Olmo-Enciso “Coins, Cities Archaeological Contexts;” Amorós-Ruiz Doménech-Belda, “Espacio, tiempo Barrios Rodríguez Blázquez-Cerrato, “Monedas antiguas halladas.”2 “Estratos, vellones, feluses tremises,” 123–25.3 Casey Reece, Coins Archaeologist.4 Saguì Rovelli, “Residualità, non residualità.”5 Klackenberg, Moneta nostra; Kemmers Myrberg, “Rethinking Numismatics.”6 Haselgrove Krmnicek, “The Archaeology Money;” Graeber, Toward an Anthropological Theory Value.7 Gullbekk, “Natural Money Economy;” Gullbekk et al., Churches.8 Harris “An Aid Study,” 30–33; Barker, Techniques Excavation.9 tremises.”10 Contexts,” 560; contextos numismáticos,” 475, “Absent Coinage,” 46.11 Olmo-Enciso, “De Celtiberia Šantabariyya,” 50–60.12 “Recópolis: una ciudad en época transformaciones,” 43–46.13 Campos, Juan Biclaro, obispo Gerona, 88.14 Cabré-Aguiló, El tesorillo visigodo trientes, 36.15 “Ciudad estado visigoda,” 102–06.16 Henning Revealed,” 737, 739; Olmo “Beside Within Walls,” 3–10.17 “Espacios poder Recópolis,” 76–85.18 52–53.19 Bonifay Bernal, “Recópolis, paradigma las importaciones africanas,” 103–10.20 Diarte-Blasco “Urban Defence Visigoths,” 40.21 739–47.22 Catalán Andrés, Crónica del moro Rasis, LXI LXIX.23 Simonet, Historia Mozárabes, 826; Pareja-Serrada, Diplomática arriacense, 115.24 37–41.25 46.26 38.27 “Un hallazgo monedas oro,” 349–56; Beltrán-Villagrasa, Leovigildo el Zorita Canes,” 23–48.28 44.29 43. No further Roman discovered basilica area, Cabré deposit.30 Miles, The Coinage Visigoths, 96–99; Barral i Altet, La circulation des monnaies suèves visigothiques, 86–92.31 87–88; Alonso, Las historias Godos, 258–59.32 Torres Balbás, Ciudades yermas hispanomusulmanas, 34–42; Raddatz, “Studien zu Recópolis 1,” 213–33; Claude, 2,” 167–94; Vázquez Parga, Recopolis 3,” 259–80; Palol, Arqueología cristiana la España Romana, 90–93.33 474–75; 559.34 “Arquitectura religiosa organización litúrgica,” 163–64.35 identification as baptistery undisputed past seventy years. Cabré, 38; 90–93; 173–74; Godoy-Fernández, liturgia. Iglesias hispánicas, 243; Utrero, tardoantiguas altomedievales, 523–26.36 Tomasini, Barbaric Tremissis 63–66; 86.37 136; Bartlett “Weight, Fineness, Debasement,” 178–82.38 treasure uncovered during maintenance cleaning work, Management Department Park wrote report on circumstances discovery made. See Gómez-García, “Memoria descripción superficial,” 1–2.39 Castro-Priego “Dírhams, contextualización arqueológica,” 1102–07; 89–92.40 477.41 “Entre periodo visigodo,” 105–09.42 Gómez Torre-Verdejo, “La producción vidrio 259–62; actividad artesanal 119–23.43 Marot Salsas, Península Ibérica siglos V-VI,” 139–49, first propose heterogeneous models Iberian Peninsula fifth seventh centuries. Tolmo Minateda site paradigmatic example microspatial sixth ninth centuries Spanish Levant, see monedas,” 337–74; 162–72. last decade seen increase context, analysis Andalusi copper types eighth century yielding enormous amount data, will interpreted coming sense, together Vega Baja Toledo interesting areas Šaqunda. 123–60; Casal-García “El arrabal Šaqunda,” 845–66.44 For review Merovingian coin Peninsula, Martínez-Chico, González García, “Hallazgo un denario,” 215–17.45 50–60.46 46.47 480–81.48 direct abandonment foundation medina Zorita, early century, had already highlighted written sources, yet contextualisation made statement more precise, revealing that gradual process independent Emirate Cordova 756–929 CE. Moro LXIX.49 115.50 114.51 Utrilla-Utrilla, “Aragón, reino corona,” 159.52 comprehensive approach phenomenon perforation Perassi, Monete romane forate, esp. 275–99, continuation Doyen, Chairman’s Address, IV–VI. excellent dissertation drilling its Viking societies, Audy, “Suspended Value,” introduction extent processes demonetisation amulets. subject various approaches since 1980s, primarily focused Emiral (eighth tenth CE) Caliphal (tenth eleventh periods. Canto, Perforations Coins; Rodrigues Marinho, Uma prática singular.53 Sánchez-González, necropolis medieval yacimiento Recópolis, 585. certainly handusi (fractional coin, trimmed, smaller than die minted it). On manufacture production these series twelfth CE, Francés Vañó, moneda handusí al-Andalus, 8–11. fragmentation prior minting. Regarding important metrological variability pieces, Vañó maintains there no stable weight ratio coins, but rather bars they were cut, conformed term Ūquiyya, etymologically derived uncia, unit representing 27.75 g.54 114–16.55 Numismatics,” 101–04.56 Spain; 86–92; Byzantine Gold Spania, 376; 178–82.57 82–86; Pliego-Vázquez, visigoda, 79–83; Mateos-Cruz tesoro tremises visigodos,” 255–67; 475–76.58 Metcalf “Sixth-Century Visigoth Metrology,” 77.59 “Nuove acquisizioni sulla vasca battesimale di Tas Silġ,” 230–42; “Coins Baptism Late Antiquity,” 108.60 112–13.61 Arslan, “Monete provenienti dal canale perimetrale fonte battesimale,” 176–77; Facchinetti, “L’offerta monete nei fonti battesimali,” 45–53.62 Sotomayor, “Sobre fecha Concilio,” 137–68; Vilella Barreda, “Los cánones Hispana,” 567–69; Meigne, “Concile ou collection d´Elvire?” 361–87. date Council Elvira generated intense controversy, beginning philological Barreda (as classic Meigne), authors stated text so-called constituted texts at least three different sources. contrast, Sotomayor Berdugo, Concilio Elvira: replica,” 380–410, defended authorship pertaining fourth definitive configuration century. According new interpretation, Canon 48, act baptism payment, would later texts, time not before mid century.63 Vives, Concilios visigóticos e hispano-romanos; “L'offerta 43–44.64 Leatherbury, Votive Gifts,” 253–69.65 Walls, Pits Foundations,” 519–30.66 Huffstot, “Votive (?) Use Coins,” 222.67 Bijovsky, Coin Small Change, 90–99.68 90.69 Kloner, Synagogues Horvat Rimmon,” 46.70 91.71 Ahipaz, “Floor Foundation Deposits,” 63–70.72 Burrell, “Small Bronze Hoards Fifth Century,” 166.73 “Il deposito monetale della trincea XII,” 290–94. recent version researcher highlights ritual-foundational function Capernaum hoard L812 Trench Deposit inside Synagogue,” 155–58.74 Ariel, Synagogue ‘En Nashut,” 148. author although difficult justify cases, are synagogues find under pavements cannot considered concealment purposes: “Thus, hypothesis period synagogues, though prove, supported growing body evidence. Published may thus Capernaum, Kh. Marus, Ḥorvat Kanef, Qaṣrin, Dabiyeh, Khorazin, Gush Ḥalav. instance, we referring what described ‘money pouch’ distinct genuine hoards), near threshold synagogue.”75 Dabiyye,” 74.76 García-López, “Relaciones topográficas España,” 125–26; Biblioteca Real Academia Historia, Signatura: 9/3954-60.77 126: “It acknowledged tradition refers Pippin, founder Carolingian dynasty France. His name must thoughtless transcription personage. Would memory Liuvigild or Reccared I, founders Recopolis, preserved such hidden way?”Additional informationFundingThis Junta Comunidades Mancha [grant SBPLY/21/180501/000205].Notes contributorsManuel Castro-PriegoManuel (PhD 2011) Assistant Professor Alcalá. He held internationally competitive contracts Ecuador (Prometeo Program) USA (International Numismatic Commission) published range works numismatics archaeology. lines Islamic definition culture Castile, European contact Pacific coast South America. Currently, he Principal Investigator project (RECCULT), Mancha.Pilar Diarte-BlascoPilar Ramón Cajal Researcher (MICINN) Institute History, CSIC (Madrid). She completed her PhD 2011 Universidad Zaragoza then several prestigious postdoctoral fellowships Italy, Spain UK, including Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship (2015–2017) Leicester. directed projects devoted post-classical transformations landscapes townscapes Antiquity As result, she numerous papers book Antique Early Hispania: Landscapes without Strategy? (Oxbow, 2018).Lauro Olmo-EncisoLauro Full History Philosophy, (Alcalá Henares). Fulbright Postdoctoral Visiting Scholar Harvard Fellow Siena. interests publications Archaeology, Historical Landscape Heritage. stays universities centres USA, Germany, Serbia, Ecuador, Jordan, Egypt, support National Plan Technical Innovation, Ministry Culture, Regional Plans Autonomous Communities. directs sites, royal city (sixth-ninth AD). | article | Journal of Medieval Iberian Studies |
Early Medieval Catechetic Collections Containing Material From the Etymologiae and the Place of Isidore of Seville in Carolingian Correctio | Evina Steinová | 2,023 | In the last decades, we have seen a growing interest in manuscripts produced for instruction and use of Carolingian priests. Such were identified based on their content, as they include expositions Creed, Lord’s Prayer mass, baptismal instructions, descriptions clerical grades. This article shows that presence material from books VI-VIII Etymologiae Isidore Seville, particular De officiis (Etym. VI 19) clericis VII 12), also characterizes It identifies four well-attested catechetic collections assembled excerpts Isidore’s works to serve instructional manuals These originated northern France decades eighth or first ninth century appear connected correctio. The paper other Isidorean surviving single manuscript excerpt whose intended by priests cannot be fully substantiated. compilations attest shift perception under influence reforms, namely its reinvention didactic resource, despite text an encyclopaedia. | article | null |
Kelsen-Schmitt Tartışması Aracılığıyla Devlet-Hukuk İlişkisini Yeniden Düşünmek: Eleştirel Bir Giriş | E. G. Kurgan | 2,023 | This article examines the law-state relationship in modern state by comparing ideas of Carl Schmitt and Hans Kelsen. In this context, firstly, what law is where its differences emerge from will be discussed. Then, Kelsen's conceptualization 'Grundnorm', which created constitution(s) state(s), as a source legitimacy state. The that Kelsen builds on basis his 'Pure Theory Law' compared to situation considers 'decision' sovereign. Although has accepted thing-in-itself intensified efforts build an objective science, juridical science presents factual order; even if it was not Kelsen’s goal. Kelsen, however, neglects political failed examine appearance order or practical social their relationship. On other hand, did much get closer approach- building with Grundnorm- emphasis sovereignty constituent unique legitimacy. Over unity, Schmitt’s approach based defining over extraordinary “decision” sovereign identical society/people. understand both attaches importance equivalent value notion rightfully developed. last part, argues emerged Grundnorm 'sovereignty', is, partnership both. | article | Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi iktisadi ve idari bilimler dergisi|DergiPark (Istanbul University) |
Embodying the Soul: Medicine and Religion in Carolingian Europe. By MegLeja. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2022. viii + 378 pp. $89.95. ISBN 9780812253894. | Peregrine Horden | 2,023 | Early Medieval EuropeEarly View Book review Embodying the Soul: Medicine and Religion in Carolingian Europe. By Meg Leja. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2022. viii + 378 pp. $89.95. ISBN 9780812253894. Peregrine Horden, Horden All Souls College, OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 August 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12677Read full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare text full-text accessPlease our Terms Conditions Use check box below share version article.I have read accept Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available article. ViewOnline Version Record before inclusion an issue RelatedInformation | article | Early Medieval Europe |
Losing my Religion: Contextualizing Continental Catholic Seminaries in the Elizabethan Reformation, 1558-1603 | Cole Volman | 2,023 | This dissertation examines the impact and influence of a portion early modern Jesuit seminary network within narrative Counter Reformation. Following rise Elizabeth I, significant number Catholic recusants fled England to take up residence in series schools spread across Europe with intention completing their education later contributing efforts preserve Catholicism homeland. argues that these played role course “English Mission,” its conception, escalation, eventual collapse late sixteenth century. Despite unified vision for reconversion shared schools, divisions varied factions response Elizabethan Protestantism, as well seminaries themselves, led divided approaches English Mission’s conduct. As result, proceeded haphazardly, they gradually intensified point violence crusade against her realm before Mission collapsed following defeat Spanish Armada 1588. Even waning years Elizabeth’s life, main organizers continued call removal from power; however, new developments European political theory turned major powers away left remaining little support efforts. By time death, had failed result internal an inability reconcile shifting nature thought on part administrators continental network. | dissertation | null |
From Memling to Rubens: The Golden Age of Flanders by Katharina Van Cauteren et al (review) | James P. Gilroy | 2,023 | Reviewed by: From Memling to Rubens: The Golden Age of Flanders by Katharina Van Cauteren et al James P. Gilroy Cauteren, Katharina, al. Flanders. Hannibal, 2021. ISBN 978 94 6388 744 1. Pp. 432. This richly illustrated book is the catalogue an exhibit held at Denver Art Museum, from October 2022 January 2023, titled “Saints, Sinners, Lovers, and Fools: 300 Years Flemish Masterworks.” Over a hundred paintings created in French Flemish-speaking Southern Netherlands fifteenth seventeenth centuries were displayed are reproduced catalogue. volume divided into two parts. first half insightful, somewhat irreverent, narrative Phoebus Foundation Antwerp, whose collection provided most on display. With works art as examples, she traces social religious evolution cities Brabant late Middle Ages through Renaissance Baroque era. part sphere influence since they ruled for over century Dukes Burgundy, cousins Kings France. sought recreate Carolingian “middle empire” Lothair (22). Tournai-born painter Rogier der Wyden, “the court dukes Burgundy Brussels” influenced several later artists, like Master Prado Adoration (232) Hugo Goes his “emotionally charged” inspiration (238). A artist, Joos Cleve, was engaged King Francis Ist do series portraits royal family (282). Medieval highly import. Church inspired fear hell among people, who urged follow righteous path this life be deemed worthy entrance heaven after death. Painters teachings Saint Assisi preached more human image God. maternal love Mary her Son sufferings Jesus Cross became intensely felt artists their public. “Modern Devotion” that developed beheld manifestations divine presence every aspect nature humanity. growing middle class commercial centers Antwerp emulate but came challenge nobility clergy had dominated society up until then. There secularization desire worldly affluence prestige stronger motivation than fears about afterlife. second devoted analyses individual six experts. They trace noteworthy artistic trends. Just painters Italian depiction minute details technique oil canvas, Northern masters Rubens traveled Italy under Titian Caravaggio others. former’s dynamic use color latter’s realism chiaroscuro painters, Rubens’s disciples, Dyck Jordaens. [End Page 229] University (CO) Copyright © 2023 American Association Teachers | article | French Review |
Hellenic Language and Thought in Pre-Conquest England | Eleni Ponirakis | 2,023 | Bede, reflecting on the success of Canterbury school set up by Theodore Tarsus remarked: “some their students still alive today are as proficient in Latin and Greek native tongue” [trans. Colgrave Mynors 1969, 335]. By time we get to court Alfred two hundred years later, there had been a famous decline learning from which Greek, language, not yet recovered. However, remained strong interest sacred language liturgies, prayers magical charms, later hermeneutic poetry. Theodore’s influence was limited Language, he also brought knowledge Maximus Confessor Pseudo-Dionysius. The mystical theology would find fuller expression translations associated with King via contact Carolingian court, but seeds for this reception England may already have sown. This paper will outline evidence use variety contexts, including charm staunching blood, it examine extent patristic thinking Old English texts both clerical prose secular | article | Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies |
Understanding the provenance and production process of historic mortars—a novel approach employing calcareous nannofossils | Janina Falkenberg|Ulrich Kaplan|Jörg Mutterlose | 2,023 | Abstract Limestones (CaCO 3 ) have been an important source for masonry and mortars throughout approx. 10,000 years of human history. They are often composed calcitic shells minute marine algae, known as calcareous nannofossils. The 0.25–30-µm large skeletons these primary producers well documented from various archaeological materials including building stones masonry. Surprisingly, tiny microfossils were recently also observed in medieval mortar-based materials, even though the carbonate-based rocks heated kilns quicklime production. Burning experiments carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks, containing well-preserved abundant nannofossils, a deteriorating preservation decrease diversity relative abundance nannofossils with increasing temperatures. Alongside lime-based binder historic contain under- overburnt lime lumps aggregates; latter added after heating process. Lime aggregates offer additional, so far not yet fully understood information on burning Here, studied ultra-thin sections mortars, resulting separate analysis binder, aggregates. findings allow (i) more precise provenance limestones (ii) accurate reconstruction temperatures reached during Our study thus improves approach sheds light technology mortar production by using | article | Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |
Bishops, Priests and Ecclesiastical Discipline in Tenth and Eleventh-Century Lotharingia | Bastiaan Waagmeester | 2,023 | Abstract This article examines how tenth and eleventh-century bishops imposed ecclesiastical discipline on their priests after the waves of Carolingian episcopal statutes had ceased. It uses manuscript Troyes, Médiathèque Jacques-Chirac, Ms 1979 as an example manual with which could impose maintain in diocese via organisation local synods, holding a court visitation. The question contains material to support these tasks demonstrates institutions were shaped by ideals predecessors. starts analysis composition then goes explore it have been used for instruction examination during diocesan synods. Finally, collection canones manuscript, also known ‘Collectio 234 capitulorum’, means establish monitoring behaviour administering justice visitation court. A description 1979’s content codicological well comprising capitulorum’ added appendices. | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
Papal Privileges and the English Benedictine Movement (<i>c</i>. 960–<i>c</i>. 1000) | Benjamin Savill | 2,023 | Abstract Chapter 6 focuses on the role—or lack thereof—of papal privileges in tenth-century West Saxon (Cerdicing) ‘Kingdom of English’. Why is our evidence for use documentary culture England so comparatively poor this period, when we know that strong Anglo-papal relations otherwise existed, and a great many were acquired across contemporary Europe? By surveying dearth English against corpus acquisitions from Ottonian Germany Italy, late Carolingian Capetian France, emerging Catalan polity, chapter argues ideas about authority developed new kingdom along lines quite different those ‘post-Carolingian’ polities. The discussion includes reassessments documents within milieu ‘Benedictine movement’, at Dunstan’s Canterbury, Æthelwold’s Winchester, Oswald’s Ramsey, Glastonbury abbey. | chapter | Oxford University Press eBooks |
Monastic communities and canonical clergy in the Carolingian world (780–840). Categorizing the Church. Edited by Rutger Kramer, Emilie Kurdziel and Graeme Ward. (Medieval Monastic Studies, 8.) Pp. 455 incl. 4 ills. Turnhout: Brepols, 2022. €120. 978 2 503 57935 1; 2565 8997 | Rosamond McKitterick | 2,023 | Monastic communities and canonical clergy in the Carolingian world (780–840). Categorizing Church. Edited by Rutger Kramer, Emilie Kurdziel Graeme Ward. (Medieval Studies, 8.) Pp. 455 incl. 4 ills. Turnhout: Brepols, 2022. €120. 978 2 503 57935 1; 2565 8997 - Volume 74 Issue | article | The Journal of Ecclesiastical History |
Emma, Emperor and Evangelist: The Production of Authority in the Frontispiece to British Library, MS Additional 33241 | Kathryn Maude | 2,023 | The Encomium Emmae reginae is a narrative history centered on the praise of Queen Emma, widow both Æthelred and Cnut. After death Cnut, Emma commissioned while she ruled England jointly with her sons Edward Harthacnut.1 frontispiece earliest extant manuscript portrays enthroned in state two standing at side (London, British Library Additional MS 33241, f.1v, henceforward BL 33241; see Figure 1). This appears to have been produced either 1041 or 1042, before Harthacnut 1042 when became king, banishing Winchester seizing property.2 text diverges from other contemporary sources, placing by different fathers as natural heirs Danish dynasty celebrating Emma's role bringer peace.3 validates text's version events projecting authority, separating out ruler own right. Using iconography Evangelist author portraits book donation portraits, image presents itself, authoritative carriers truth. grammar authority activates specific iconographical reference points tradition abbey St.-Bertin convey power support Encomium's events, 33241 within artistic exchange between Flanders throughout early Middle Ages.Extensive scholarship has demonstrated its careful construction usable for showing how it edits historical place best light.4 As Emily Butler puts it, “the project this precisely shift perceptions recent, familiar history.”5 Pauline Stafford shows uses titles queen, mother, lady negotiate position, ending depiction ruling lovingly Harthacnut. She notes that “does not simply describe reality, was designed conjure it.”6 Elizabeth Tyler situates production Anglo-Danish court Harthacnut, use Latin complex allusions Virgil function create foundation legend dynasty.7 intervene directly politics.I argue here makes truth claim contested recent using taken England. used conveys depicting an figure, well imperial ruler. In particular, imagery donor suggests illuminator had links should be interpreted through connection.8There extensive evidence close relationship Ages, often expressed collaboration production. By time mid-eleventh century, English-Flemish longstanding one, already evident ninth century English abbot Grimbald invited King Alfred 886 887.9 Flemish monasteries depended patronage tenth there ongoing people (both scholars mercenaries), Continent important source learning period.10 continues into later demonstrating Anglo-Dutch links.11 earlier period connections were particularly strong, St. Bertin venerated eleventh number illuminators working under direction Abbot Odbert.12 Elisabeth van Houts demonstrates key importance biographers England, many whom monks St.-Bertin, century.13 compilation Saint-Omer, Bibliothèque municipale, 202 well, copied annotated late spent least some back library fourteenth latest.14 Recognizing portrayal indebted figures images places cross-Channel exchange.In article, I trace traditions artist make value show these meaning relation manuscripts St.-Bertin. Section one depict truth-teller, stemming exchanges second section analyzes medieval female figures, relates illumination Finally, suggest centrality perhaps takes inspiration proffering books Abbey's patron saint.Emma accesses assuming trappings continental ruler, which separate sons, suggesting their right rule stems her. Catherine Karkov's work traced similarities Carolingian forms also argument fusion Adoration Magi, Mary holding baby knee.15 projected (of alone by) compared description trio sharers end text.16 What identified previous scholarship, however, frontispiece's reliance portrait power. draws portraiture Canterbury, particular touchpoints (the arched frame, hanging curtains, book) present carrier validate events.Elements clearly parallel depictions royal figures. Notably, floral motif crown echoes crowns rulers.17 assumption foliate could seen deliberate statement about ability sons. Karkov figure ninth-century Jewel holds flowering branch may signified echoing motifs regalia associated kings.18 Cotton Tiberius A iii (f. 2v), Edgar's includes elements continued signify kingship.19 decoration signifying kingly power, arches are paralleled Roman personifications cities, emphasize domination over land.20 Edward's smaller versions mother's crown, architectural detailing resembling arches, but without motif. disparity size ornamentation only New Minster Liber Vitae, where stands alongside husband Cnut wearing symbolizing rulership, similar frontispiece; here, wears simple circlet no motifs. It clear Cnut's position king. Similarly, frontispiece, less elaborate depends queen they look up image. echo theirs kinship ties reflects throne emanates her.Emma's seated unusual highlights Continental models “like emperor” image.21 Early rulers ordinarily depicted enthroned. There five (including Encomium). portrayed alone; Edgar mid-eleventh-century Regularis Concordia A.iii, f he flanked Æthelwold Dunstan.22 Robert Deshman notes, co-enthroned Dunstan, precedent persons Godhead synthronoi, “to manifest equality joint rulership.”23 would seem express Encomiast claims happy jointly: “hic fides habetur regni sotiis, hic inuiolabile uiget faedus materni fraternique amoris” (here loyalty among rule, bond motherly brotherly love strength indestructible).24 However, coenthroned mother literally margins image, overlapping framing column. Depicting matter course and, along worn serves models.As drawing influential secular rulers, demonstrate authority. targeted Christian symbolism ruler's integrity. Contemporary writers most skalds praised him next line God.25 references kingship his fleet ornamented four beasts Evangelists.26 borrows Evangelists. guarantor truthful narrative, following Like gospel late-eighth centuries, curtained arch. can “Ada School” group eighth- manuscripts.27 Rosenbaum out, “all Evangelists Ada School set frames. School's distinctive characteristics.”28 throne, parallels frontispiece. upon sits, shares all features School.In (Figure 1) John tenth- eleventh-century Boulogne Gospels (Boulogne-sur-mer, 11, f. 107v; 2),29 Matthew Athelstan II, 24v; 3).30 frames St reproduce feature repeated Gospels, held left same frontispiece.31 images, central looks off left, towards book, rather than straight viewer. parted curtains strengthens link three attached overhead arch way period. Curtains parting “a symbol revelation antecedents Antiquity.”32 These School. typical curtain setting period, hang “from rod rests capitals arcade,” itself.33 For example, f.1v-4v Odalricus Peccator Gospel Lectionary Harley 2970), fall resting top columns.34 contrast, head follow fact share likelihood drew attribute deliberately image.The containing stem St-Bertin Canterbury. centers production, notably strong centuries picks interconnected centers.35 donated Christ Church Canterbury Athelstan.36 now known Brittany (Oxford, John's College, 194, 1v), then Canterbury.37 Richard Gameson argues around millennium, so encountered there, influenced Gospels.38 manuscript, Eadui Psalter Arundel 155), turn likely who prototype Benjamin 133r).39 written Basan 1011 1023.40 See canon tables 10r, drawn knee, kneeling looking books. posture reminiscent Images manuscripts—the Æthelstan Psalter—have visual economy Canterbury.Indeed, even stronger attributes come down via manuscript. illuminated St.-Omer (ca. 987–ca. 1006), presumably still century. Although we do know identity scribe writer visited Rome witness accession Holy Emperor Conrad II 1027, explicitly flags eyewitness account.41 Of course, traveled (as expert did—for Goscelin Legend Edith nuns Wilton Abbey), equally possible composed instructions. If treatment Evangelist's Gospels.The scholarship. authorizing following, contested, Encomium. portraiture, such falling curved above figure's head, firmly Flanders, origin manuscript.The limited Tenth- Prudentius's Psychomachia personification wisdom, Sapientia, Mary's multiple Sapientia provides much parallel, more direct 33241. authorized tradition.In copies shown Evangelist, Cleopatra C VIII, 36r; Cambridge, Corpus Christi Parker 23, 39v; London, 24199, 37r).42 (Wisdom) triumphant Psychomachia; once Virtues beaten Vices battle, Fides (Faith) (Concord) build temple sits manuscripts, woman clothing cushioned arms. framed columns. scepter hand. Two roof part Sapientia's head. While 24199 unfinished, depicts scene (for although hands positioned ready hold it). overall composition owes left. discussion illustrations, first [the Virtues] primarily, if entirely, female,” noting groups “wear dress Anglo-Saxon women.”43 then, woman, speaker truth.In Annunciation characteristics 11v; 4). archway side, paralleling curve wrap columns like folio 107v discussed above. portrait. At moment Biblical story exceptional revealed, distinction.The closer revealing manuscript's One difference images. Prudentius illustrations temple, open flat roof. Both enclose line-drawn rectangular frame (perhaps planned copy impossible tell unfinished image). arch, Gospels. additional Angel Gabriel, unlike alone. Gabriel Emma. opened figure), differences simultaneous adoption potential frontispiece.Both center, strengthening my case West Ages. example found Brunswick Casket ca. 860, Benedictional (963–984), 1006 third extant. Laura Saetveit Miles argues, “by being placed underneath canopied projects royalty accorded David's house . Evangelists, accompanied books.”44 images–enthroned, book—signifies transmit word God, adopted conduit divine. brings elements: books, reflecting book. follows presence frontispiece.The nature analogue—showing itself sacred. element portrait, authorship narrative. Paralleling account, surrounding sacred others. functions world outlined. Virgilian telling fiction, authorize narrative.45 John, Mark, stand covered flowing cloth bookstand cloth. representing sacramental Encomium, making text.Evangelist connection manuscripts. Psychomachia, inclusion St.-Bertin-based tradition. analogue past.As shown, portraiture. means scholarship.46 analyzed conjunction scenes Alongside again linked borrowing imagery, saint.The 84r Odbert (New York, Pierpont Morgan M.333; 5) book.47 Gospels’ figures: hooded monk carrying tonsured (identified scholarship), halo small altar Bertin).48 Unlike cloth-covered stands, positioning signals holiness unworthiness touch directly. truth-telling potentially validating events. directly, monk-writer cannot. artist's decision stemmed way.The definite provenance Boulogne-sur-Mer, 107, hagiographical vitae saints connected (Bertin, Folcuin, Silvin Winnoc).49 probable presenting Bertin, Bertin's hand 7r; 6).50 extremely (St. Bertin) accepting proffered crouching monk. Another (probably Odbert) right, crozier. poses spatial center offering echoed note hierarchy upwards height. thumb pointing undershirt emerging large ornate sleeve. Furthermore, 107 enclosing hang, details windows, windows frontispiece.Considering model saint declaration wished convey, am necessarily exemplar (although, available Abbey composed). Rather, legible context St.-Bertin.In conclusion, Her signaling sophisticated innovative, Annunciation–the separated mass women prominence. textual authorizer; presented approval.These precedents localized centuries. someone significant amount there. Despite any skill, lavish cousins centers. stage, array imposing recipient volumes. | article | Journal of English and Germanic Philology |
Art, Literature, Manuscripts, Architecture – An Emperor Wants to be Remembered: Emperor Maximilian and the Ambraser Helden Buch, with a Focus on Mauritius Von Craûn | Albrecht Classen | 2,023 | Memory and memoria are closely related to each other, but the latter constitutes physical, mostly public manifestation of self through art works, writing, musical compositions, buildings, like. After a reflection on current research pertaining both aspects, this article deals with famous Ambraser Heldenbuch compiled by Hans Ried for Emperor Maximilian I (1504–1516) as collection major medieval German narratives. In particular, focus rests most unique verse novella, Mauritius von Craûn (ca. 1220) where knighthood courtly love seem reach their apogee then abruptly fail. an odd way, even rather deconstructive piece literature, preserved only in very late manuscript, obviously contributed Maximilian’s great effort secure his gedechtnus, memory posterity glory accomplishments. However, there is also sense precarious nature goal, hence memoria. To understand aristocratic culture, we can rely profoundly efforts that social class establish form self-identity. | article | Current Reserach Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities |
Contents | null | 2,023 | null | paratext | Princeton University Press eBooks |
Chapter 5. Carolingian-Umayyad Diplomacy, Part 2: 820–864 | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Princeton University Press eBooks |
Christianization in Saxony under the Late Carolingians | Joshua M. Cragle | 2,023 | null | chapter | Routledge eBooks |
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Edinburgh University Press eBooks |
Chapter 4. Carolingian-Umayyad Diplomacy, Part 1: 751–820 | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Princeton University Press eBooks |
Chapter 2. Perception and Practice in Carolingian Diplomacy with the Islamic World | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Princeton University Press eBooks |
Local Priests and their Siblings c. 900–c. 1100 | Alice Hicklin | 2,023 | Abstract Priests’ relationships with their brothers and sisters are richly evidenced in tenth- eleventh-century documentary sources across the Latin West. But looming shadow of ‘Gregorian Reform’ has focused historians’ attentions on clerical marriage vertical familial ( fathers sons, or uncles nephews ). This article redresses balance, arguing that sibling have been underestimated importance to lived experience local priests, families communities tenth eleventh centuries post-Carolingian western Francia. It examines how priests managed estates, co-operated pool resources, developed inheritance strategies particular emphasis such records may reflect both practice ground concerns scribes, draftsmen archivists who recorded, copied edited them. | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
Tithes in the Long 10<sup>th</sup> Century | Steffen Patzold | 2,023 | Abstract This article explores the question of how tithing rights in dioceses Freising and Mâcon developed between ninth eleventh centuries. I argue contrary to previous research that these two dioceses, tithes at local churches did not fall into hands laity already Carolingian period, based on ideas ‘Eigenkirchenrecht’. Instead, we can observe how, from later century onwards, bishops themselves detached baptismal allocated them other, minor churches, foster economically. In course tenth century, then also gave – without any church laymen, first usually context exchanges. second half documents diocese Mâcon, lay were presented as a sinful result alienation; they ‘returned’ cathedral ( or bought back by ). this, however, actually had been now passed chapter bishop. | article | Frühmittelalterliche Studien |
Chapter 2. The Meaning of the Terms “Brother” and “Brotherhood” in Early Medieval Sources | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Amsterdam University Press eBooks |
Chapter 6. The Central Mediterranean: The Limits of Carolingian Diplomacy with the Islamic World | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | Princeton University Press eBooks |
Entering Behind the Veil: <i>Uurd</i> and the Evangelistic Ingenuity of the <i>Hêliand</i> | David Budtz Pedersen | 2,023 | Much recent scholarship on the ninth-century Old Saxon gospel harmony known as Hêliand has focused how poem presents Christ to its original audience. Written in early days of Franks’ religious domination Saxons, was almost certainly a pivotal text shaping Saxons’ understanding their new identity. Indeed, Stephen Pelle notes, by middle ninth century, “Continuing rebellions against Charlemagne and faith soon convinced Carolingian churchmen that forced baptism mandatory church attendance were not enough ensure obedience compliance.”1 As scholars have continually observed, very deliberately responds these tensions tailoring depiction Christ's life work political cultural circumstances audience.But been quite divided regarding what, precisely, Saxons supposed understand about from this text. There is no doubt his followers are sense “Germanized” Hêliand, alterations seem offer audience familiar exemplum emulate. But precise nature emulation far settled. Fr. G. Ronald Murphy, for example, finds tacit condoning violence certain changes Hêliand's handling Sermon Mount expansion Peter's attack Malchus Gethsemane, while Richard Fletcher asserts forcefully author “presents Christianity mild, peaceable faith” “nowhere even implicitly suggests might come another manner.”2 On more politically acute note, Perry Neil Harrison sees pathos-laden Massacre Innocents episode condemnation characterized Frankish efforts convert Saxony, Samuel J. Youngs views passive acceptance “fate” an admonishment accept with same passivity.3 Thus, there can be deliberate Germanization narrative communicates something specific audience, little agreement among is.The present essay seeks clarity questions purpose evangelistic opposed agenda work. However may be, it also, perhaps primarily, evangelism. notes prefatory fytt which source parallel, recording “hw sia [is gibodskip skoldin/ frummian, firiho barn” (ll. 8–9; best God's bidding carry out, children mankind).4 Given likely highly educated cleric, strains credulity think own feelings means Saxony converted deeply conflicted. And explorations reflects those necessary produce holistic view itself. author's personal confession Christian also sincere theologically nuanced, so ample reason consider possibility primary goal make better Christians rather than subjects or rulers.In other words, prioritizes thinking Christianly over behaving Christianly. paid great deal attention way events actions Germanized throughout text, they significantly less linguistic conceptual terms relevant audience.5 James E. Cathey observed some time ago, “constant redefinition one term another, restatement old idea concept, augmentation pre-Christian phraseology, semantic displacement equating words concepts.”6 Cathey's brief overview examples types invited further discussion ways such features produced “long penetration” thinking, call exploring subordinates uurd (fate, lot, providence) authority Christ.7 I argue that, through methods outlined Cathey, becomes conquest Germanic worldview conceives rival dominion.It important at outset situate my interpretation English cognate wyrd, commonly translated philology, within long vitriolic history fatalism. My aim rehearse arguments philologists who sought literature reconstruct cosmology.8 These often fixated occurrences wyrd literary record, particularly instances personified, arguing served supreme divinity Teutonic paganism. conclusively demonstrated, century half between conversion England earliest texts, along fact advent exclusively responsible written literacy contexts, precludes any preservation belief literature.9But am fully reactionary since beginning twentieth contend (and, extension, Norse cognates) comfortably Christianized “in we it.”10 demonstrated elsewhere, lightning rod anxieties cosmic governance vernacular literature, demonstrating dominion precisely focus many texts word occurs.11 Thus proposed “middle way” pagan interpretations suggesting refers unknown governs what “becoming” (from OE weorðan—“to become”). like Solomon Saturn II, The Wanderer, Seafarer subordinate God order allay existential text's characters.12 here demonstrate validity applying suggest dread “the becoming things” had alleviate captivate imagination Saxons.In significance initial effort redefine must begin near end account tearing temple curtain moment death. carefully emphasizes expands moment, receives only passing mention Tatian's Diatessaron (202)—the Hêliand—and similarly limited three synoptic gospels:13 . endi [fha lakan] tebrastan middion tu, r managan dagan themo uuhe innan uuundron gistriunidhl hangoda - ni muostun heliðo barn,thia liudi scauuon, huat under lacane uuashlages behangan: thuo mohtun horð sehanIudeo liudi. (LXVII.5658–70)(The colorful wonderfully woven day hanging without harm inside shrine [people, heroes’ sons, never allowed look holy things hidden behind curtain] torn two down middle—Jewish people could then see treasure-hoard! [p. 187].)14In seven poetic lines devotes event, he adds material detailed description curtain, articulation curtain's prohibitive ancient Jewish context, emphasis access provides ([treasure]-hoard; LXVII.5664–70).15 indeed pains Israelite perspective.To modern reader initiated into symbolic Holy Holies, unsurprising. removal barrier presence Yawheh profoundly moving. Prior destruction person Holies save high priest, once each year Yom Kippur, Day Atonement, most liturgical calendar.16 priest entered sacrifice atoned sins Israelites covered again covenant made patriarch Abraham. This offered before Ark Covenant, believed house earthly Yahweh, whose awesome essence all times fatal imperfect human.17 Even undergo strict purification process, required bells bound rope event struck dead Yahweh (resulting silencing bells) need removed inner sanctum anyone else entering.18 In light ritual, death represented sacrificial system defined Yahweh's relationship exodus slavery Egypt, marking perfect eternal confess Christianity.It terrifying, setting introduces power (maht godes) haunted imagination. When angel Gabriel appears Zechariah offers atonement narrative, names both uurdgiscapu (the workings uurd) maht godes God) active force prophecy:19 thi kind giboran,fon thînera alderu idis ôdan scoldiuuerðan thesero uueroldi, uuordun spâhi.. s haƀed im uurdgiscapu,Medot gimarcod godes. (II.123–125, 127–128)(a child will born you—from your elderly wife granted you world—and wise him, formed well 7].)The identification agent birth John Baptist simple apposition, though suspect inclusion named agents ambiguous.20 if case, significant. First, implies establishing conflation author, needs reinforcement conflation. Second, importantly, places alongside veil curtain. way, skillfully connects deep desires Judaic cultures.21While seems superficially support Christian, simplistic particular fails recognize perspective wrote dubiously literate chronologically geographically pre-Christian, Mediterranean context. yet work, space barred prior destruction. Zechariah's elaboration possibilities explain assumption audience's space: 1) knowledge perspective; 2) situation sufficient communicate significance; 3) parallel context existence itself excludes first option; otherwise left assume understood knowing basic Christ. accepting second option would require us willing monetize Yahweh. communicated system.22While subsequent establish shared responsibility process birth, specifically Baptist,23 later similar death.24 deaths prophetess Anna's husband (VI.512), widow Naim's son (XXVI.2189), wicked king Herod (9.761–62), rich man parable “The Rich Man Lazarus” (XLI.3354–56), (LVII.4778). association axiomatically explains healing blind men outside Jericho: menniscono barn:farad folgod, frôde sterƀad,uuerðad eft iunga aftar kumane,uueros auuahsane, unttat sie farnimid. (XLIV.3630–3633)(The sons mankind go sequence, die, young after wax older—until takes them away 118].)In fact, every occurrence associated either death, attested association.25While does explicitly share deaths, subtly undermines singular references metod (“the measurer”) cases (VI.511) (XXVI.2190). Of course overtly connotation godes, Prisca Augustyn Murphy conclude meant distinctly connotations.26 metod's meotod regularly used clear reference God,27 naming creates awkward redundancy sense. influence Insular missionaries relatively comfortable connotation.28 dual Baptist. ambiguity poet hints tendency equivocate name entity death.29 Such equivocation validate anxiety directs uurd/wyrd—the “becoming”—that plagued imagination.More importantly present, though, function human mortality—the movement death—resonates expressed lapsarian curse Judeo-Christian tradition. At so-called “Fall Man,” cursed humankind bring forth pain die (Gn 3:16). While childbirth imposed mother, King David (Ps 51:5) St. Paul (Rm 5:12–21) sort birthright. humans uurd, dead, expression righteousness tradition.And circles right back separation mortal creations without. For immediately articulating curse, banished Adam Eve Eden, placing Cherubim guards return 3:24). According Ex 25:18–20, command images angelic creatures grace Covenant housed creating link where walked freely “Fall,” temple, dwells but separate humanity. desire enter then, lift live forevermore Put delivered uurd.Despite parallels, appositional sustained Hêliand. Elizabeth awaits her delivery, reinforces uurdgiscapu's pregnancy (III.196–97), when Mary delivery giscapu overseer.30 comes deliver Jesus, behrtun (“bright workings”) inform (V.367). collocations do grounds rejecting Alfred Hagenlocher's conclusion always agent.31 (in cases) object proof refer “cosmic principle waxing waning life” subject God.32While agree ultimately supports Augustyn's conclusion, believe asserting too hastily glosses “semantic displacement” advocates. Indeed subordination God, arcane terrifying central project announcement complete. absence poetically conceptually authorial decision –giscapu recalls John, giscapu. uurd—or giscapu—is conspicuous, conspicuousness underscored adjective serves “heavy” stress alliteration.33 drawing lack least explicitly, governing He is, course, denying ambivalence significant harmonizing project.34 Regardless purpose, effect omission open uurd's domain somewhat smaller godes—that Christ.Accounts reveal uurd. Lazarus parable, attributed [adjective]-giscapu construction, reganogiscapu (41.3347; sovereign's workings”), comparable birth. Similarly, Bethany, whom resurrects, authority, Lazarus's sister Martha acknowledges wields resurrect brother “thurh thiu hlagon giscapu” (XLIX.40.60; “by decree fate” 132]). Judas divine (XXIII.2760–2784, LXI.5163–5170). case kept ambiguous text.Despite ambiguity, reveals clear, absolute, correlation character's alignment teachings surrounding participation alone agent, deceased characters hostile efforts. Herod's follows “Massacre Innocents”—when male Bethlehem killed hopes destroying Christ-child (IX.722–54).35 solely (or uurdgiscapu), type refuse give up favor earth sake (XLI.3376–86). hand, accounts ambiguously agentless enjoy unequivocal favor. experience heavenly treasures expense rewards (XLI.3379–82), resurrection Bethany example reward him (XLIX.4055–56). Similarly Baptist, introduced gesið heƀankuninges (2.129–30; “thane heaven's king”).36 Finally, metod, Widow son, presumably good standing tradition aware himself reconciliation provide. character abides hope communion symbolized control death.Of diminishing certainty meaningful, problematic. One expect Judas, individual betraying Christ, given unequivocally. Judas's ever identified. inconsistency explained interest role culpability. Pointing demonstrates emphasizing egregiousness betrayal Chieftain, heinous offense heroic culture, amounts assertion demise.37 suggestion why Baptist's despite obvious John's direct result effort; beheaded request niece (XXXIII.2745–76).38 Divine agency seems, absolve participated killing ignobly.This provide limit It does, however, Uurd conspicuously absent claim maintained until final Furthermore, free agency, individual's increasingly aligns herself promise authority.But perfectly inverts salvation (for word) cold, unfeeling, “becoming things.” Christ—the hêliand—of hero explicit proves wield resurrecting Naim. Martha's raise “shaping” elsewhere placed hêliand unique world—a noble uurd/wyrd insubordination it.In imagine wish-fulfillment, fantasy humanity immune natural represents corpus. all, frame narrator Wanderer uses define eardstapa (earth-stepper, wanderer) assert stoic heroism: “wyrd bið ful aræd” (l. 5; fixed”).39 Beowulf facing confrontation Grendel: “Gæð swa hio scel” 455; goes she shall”).40 cases, however speaker courage. things,” oblivion, face head-on. By contrast, titular aræd able supersede authority.Yet hero, aræd, submits avoid. apostles attributes imminent crucifixion acknowledging consistently evokes corpus: Thiu handun, mîn flêsk sorgun,letid mik lîchamo: lêð imu suîðouuîti te tholonne (LVII.4778–84)(Uurd hand flesh worried, body holding me back, loathe suffer 157].)This (and only) face, become during life. Furthermore prayer preceding admission, accepts willingly, full be: “ef nu uuerðen mag,” quað he,“mankunni generid, ne sî ik minan geƀelioƀan lîchamon liudio barnte uuêgeanne uundrun, thîn uuilleo sô,ik uuilliu gicoston: nimu thene kelik hand,drinku ina thie [diurðu], drohtin frô mîn,mahtig mundboro. Ni seh thu mines hêrflêskes gifôries. Ik fullon scaluuilleon thînen; haƀes gewald oƀar al.” (LVII.4760–68)(“If cannot rescued,” said, “unless body, love, terrible torture people—if You want way—then drink it. take chalice Your honor, Lord powerful Protector! Do flesh, out will. things!” 157].)While necessarily imply ability contradict it, complete happen makes relation unique. countermand earlier ontological submission. just willingly took upon accounts—the condemns mythos (2 Cor 5:21)—this delimiter life.And consummation submission demystifying narrative.41 here, draws locus demystification word, describing elaborations sources emphasize provided. Moreover, widely available “becoming.” Immediately recounting includes Matthew's saints: graƀu uuurðun giopanodddero manno, thuru drohtines craftan iro lchamon libbiandi astuodunupp fan erðu gigida tharmannon mrðu. (LXVII.5670–74)(graves opened up; and, Chieftain's power, got alive bodies, caught sight there, amazement beings 187].)While elaborated links paralleled associations mystery victory effect, revealed fear temporal inspired freed curse. longer.Insofar operates imagination, fit nicely B. Timmer's caveat wyrd/uurd (“lot”) directed providence.42 providential implied apposition uuilleon thînen ([The Father's] will) Gethsemane account, interpretation. hasty arrival elides care taking Far concepts together deliberately, using tropes contexts.43 After harmony, reimagines imbues values, harmony. equipped priori. defend conflations, foreign local audience.And examining inserted paradigm fascinating window concept identifies. We conclude, evoked terrified awe Israelites. thing yearned salvation, “thrownness” Northrop Frye, forces confront arbitrary fact.”44 More was, sense, lacked satisfying prophetic OT prophecies Israel's inevitable needed destabilize evoked.Just argued Christianizing. meaning went beyond innocuity translation “lot” “event.” say recoverable personality word's connotation. terrifying—a Orwellian utterly obfuscates teleological significance. culture philosophical nuance rigor reputation rarely enjoyed. evangelize forcing sociopolitical teaching essential teach worldview. | article | Journal of English and Germanic Philology |
Comparative and Global Framing of Enslavement | null | 2,023 | null | chapter | De Gruyter eBooks |
Introducción | Analía Godoy|Ainoa Castro Correa | 2,023 | null | article | Studia historica |
Fransa Ortaokul Tarih-Coğrafya Öğretim Programlarının İncelenmesi | Mehmet Aydın|İlyas KARA|Ahmet TOKMAK | 2,023 | French and Turkish societies have been in intense interaction every field since the Ottoman Empire period. For this reason, it is important for future of both countries that republics Turkey France follow interact with each other education as field. Because has had effects on shaping system. In context, developments should be closely followed. addition, after Revolution 1789 influenced all issues such human rights democracy helped concept citizen to its current meaning. examine situation disciplines Social Studies, which are directly related social life, France. However, when relevant national literature was analyzed, found there very few studies subject. This seen an gap thought a study History-Geography course, taught equivalent Studies would make contribution literature. With mind, aimed Course Curriculum being implemented secondary schools The research qualitative document analysis method used. Descriptive preferred analyzing data. As result research, curriculum consists three parts skills, content, learning teaching process, content arranged form themes subjects, subjects separately according grade levels, no target achievements curriculum. It concluded topics history mostly oriented towards European societies, considering multicultural cosmopolitan structure France, not enough minority groups geography created more universal perspective different regions world compared topics. determined section evaluation curriculum, but recommended use process-oriented evaluations based performance well exams learning-teaching process. | article | Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi dergisi|DergiPark (Istanbul University) |
Paschal I, the Church of Santa Prassede and the Question of a ‘Carolingian <i>Renovatio</i>’ in Rome | null | 2,023 | This chapter is devoted entirely to the Roman church of Santa Prassede, principal surviving architectural project Pope Paschal I (817–824). Its function as a major urban repository for relics city’s Early Christian saints and martyrs, more than 2000 which were brought here from extramural catacombs, determines both model (Saint Peter’s) many aspects decoration in mosaic, mural painting sculpture. Special attention San Zeno chapel, burial site Paschal’s mother, Theodora, whose mosaic programme, including her portrait, completely preserved reflects that function. Consideration given Richard Krautheimer’s suggestion this constitutes evidence ‘Carolingian renascence’ forms associated with first emperor, Constantine. | chapter | Cambridge University Press eBooks |
Choroba ikonoklazmu i lekarstwo obrazu | Samuel Tchorek-Bentall | 2,023 | null | article | Meander |
Once upon a Glass—Cycles, Recycles and Reuses of a Never-Ending Material | Tania Chinni|Alberta Silvestri|Sara Fiorentino|Mariangela Vandini | 2,023 | Glass can be considered a locus of meaning, material which has been the repository traditional knowledge and technological expertise for at least three millennia. The history glass speaks know-how, transitions, contaminations recipes its manufacture, have changed across world over centuries. As amount recovered from archaeological contexts is much lower compared to ceramic metal finds, research often as rare material. Furthermore, production, in ancient times present day, requires use selected raw materials noticeable amounts fuel, making reuse recycling practices necessary foster sustainability, both an economical environmental perspective. Latin authors, such Juvenal Martial, reported buyers broken Imperial Rome, presumably destined recycling. Archaeometry also provided data that allow, today, clarify different aspects related production cycles, uses reuses that, starting Roman age, became common modern plastics. From beakers goblets reused with purposes mosaic tesserae detached new mosaics or refused employed “pigments” colouring glass, this paper aims provide overview through discussion case studies Middle Ages, showing how cycle framed actual example sustainable circular economy past. | article | Heritage|Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna)|MDPI (MDPI AG)|Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) |
Sex in the city: Uncovering sex-specific management of equine resources from prehistoric times to the Modern Period in France | Benoît Clavel|Sébastien Lepetz|Loreleï Chauvey|Stéphanie Schiavinato|Laure Tonasso-Calvière|Xuexue Liu|Antoine Fages|Naveed Khan|Andaine Seguin-Orlando|Clio Der Sarkissian|Pierre Clavel|Oscar Estrada|Duha Alioğlu|Charleen Gaunitz|Jean‐Marc Aury|Maude Barme|Pierre Bodu|Monique Olive|Olivier Bignon‐Lau|Jean-Christophe Castel|Myriam Boudadi‐Maligne|Nicolas Boulbes|Alice Bourgois|Franck Decanter|Sylvain Foucras|S. S. Frere|Armelle Gardeisen|Gaëtan Jouanin|Charlotte Méla|Nicolás Morand|Ariadna Nieto Espinet|Aude Perdereau|Olivier Putelat|Julie Rivière|Opale Robin|Marilyne Salin|Sílvia Valenzuela Lamas|Christian Vallet|Jean‐Hervé Yvinec|Patrick Wincker|Ludovic Orlando | 2,022 | Sex identification from fragmentary archeozoological assemblages is particularly challenging in the Equid family, including for horses, donkeys and their hybrids. This limitation has precluded in-depth investigations of sex-ratio variation various temporal, geographic social contexts. Recently, shallow DNA sequencing offered an economical solution to equine sex determination, even environments where preservation conditions not optimal. In this study, we applied state-of-the-art methods ancient DNA-based determination 897 osseous remains order assess whether equal proportions males females could be found a range archeological contexts France. We Magdalenian horse hunt focused on isolated bachelors, Upper Paleolithic habitats natural traps equally balancing ratios. contrast, Iron Age sacrificial rituals appeared have been preferentially oriented male horses practice extended into Roman Period. During Antiquity, Middle Ages Modern Period, cities emerged as largely dominated by males. strong sex-bias was considerably reduced, sometimes absent, rural Combined with previous archaeozoological work textual evidence, our results portray urban economy fueled adult, often old, males, subadults both sexes were maintained sustain production demands. | article | Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
Legal Protection of State, National and Community Symbols in Croatia | Dalibor Čepulo | 2,022 | null | chapter | null |
Monks Pray, Priests Teach, Canons Sing and the Laity Listens: The <i>Regula Benedicti</i> and Conceptual Diversity of Sacred Space in Carolingian Discourse | Miriam Czock | 2,022 | null | chapter | Medieval Monastic Studies |
Carine van Rhijn, <i>Leading the Way to Heaven: Pastoral Care and Salvation in the Carolingian Period</i>. London and New York: Routledge, 2022, xii, 274 pp. | Scott G. Bruce | 2,022 | Abstract Early medieval manuscripts give up their secrets in this excellent monograph by Carine van Rhijn, who studies the books that enabled parish priests to perform duties Carolingian countryside. Recognizing lineaments of pastoral project outlined royal normative texts issued Charlemagne and his advisors were expressive “ideals intentions” (5), she argues convincingly practical challenges implementing expanding deepening knowledge Christians required assure salvation fell increasingly local period. By eighth century, a fundamental reorganization secular clergy resulted being assigned specific churches, where they lived, preached, administered sacraments small communities for rest lives. | article | Mediävistik |
<i>Arcus Triumphalem. Auctoritas </i>vs. <i>Renovatio </i>nella Roma del IX secolo | Carles Mancho | 2,022 | Is there a medieval Humanism -according to the definition developed by Burckhardt for Humanism-? Medieval Renaissance Panofsky Renaissance-? Trying shed light on this question inevitably requires questioning matrix from which both ideas arise. But it would be almost irresponsible, foolish probably, try answer articulately in lines that follow. I will try, therefore, simply some of aspects involving relationship between them and ninth-century city Rome, aware fact that, fifteenth century onward -because consciousness with was coined its creators- nineteenth nascent historiography-,’Renaissance’ ‘Humanism’ have become backbone holding up body art history. To address topic, we begin presenting practical case: Arch Constantine (Rome; 315) triumphal arch Santa Prassede Esquiline Hill 817). This is could been presented terms Carolingian “rebirth” or “renovatio.” In second part, discuss meaning these expressions context relation arches. | article | Hortus artium medievalium |
The Reuse of Red Imperial Porphyry in the West from the End of the Ancient World | Francesca Licordari | 2,022 | The red imperial porphyry is a rare, appreciated and expensive marble of the antiquity. ideology power symbolically expressed by purple color. Therfore, Porphyry, for obvious chromatic similarity, closely linked with concept royalty. This combination was transmitted not only to Byzantium, which direct continuation Empire. It also used in more recent times, whenever there need emphasize sacredness (in Church, time Carolingian Empire, Ottonian dynasty, Norman kings Sicily, Swabian emperors or Ottoman Empire). Throughout Middle Ages difficulty working porphyry, very hard marble, meant that almost all reused pieces were fragmentary: this case basins, as sepulchres inserted altars, columns churches, elaboration floor decorations (rotae porphyreticae, Cosmatesque floors) so on. Only Renaissance techniques rediscovered. In Florence, material popular among artists court Medici. Soon after, use spread French court, it found great success families European nobility. last attempt revive ancient made between middle 19th century 20th century, but failed due impossibility finding blocks good quality sufficient size. addition, new porphyries now available at competitive prices therefore no extensive material, thus acquired prestige. | article | Aktualʹnye problemy teorii i istorii iskusstva |
Rinascite e rinnovamenti: esempi altomedievali di riuso del classico nella penisola italiana | P de Vingo | 2,022 | The question of early medieval renaissance (Justinian, Liutprandean, Carolingian, Ottonian) is based on the possibility defining any phenomenon return, even indirect and coherent, to ancient culture as a renaissance. A return art does not necessarily imply recovery idealized naturalism associated with classical culture. affirmation Christianity only did erase forms pagan but brought about regeneration art, that say rebirth intended create Christian equivalent tradition. An important result this was successive returns paleo-Christian roots often determined without however necessary implications linked conscious re-appropriation art. Classical continued be considered reservoir both materials physically appropriated models re-proposed in new artifacts. | article | Hortus artium medievalium |
<i>Frisians of the Early Middle Ages</i>, ed. John Hines and Nelleke Ijssennagger-van der Pluijm. Studies in Historical Archaeoethnology, 10. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 2021, xiv, 423 pp. | William Sayers | 2,022 | Abstract This welcome volume appears in a series on archaeoethnology founded by Giorgio Ausenda. The perspectives offered this relatively new sub-discipline bring to the fore region of north-western Europe and people seldom studied, except locally, historians Middle Ages, scholarship Frisia being dominated that devoted Francia, just as early Frisians themselves lay shadow looming Carolingian hegemony. | article | Mediävistik |
Fontenoy and the Justification of Battle-Seeking Strategy in the Ninth Century | Christopher Flynn | 2,022 | Abstract The Carolingian civil war of 840‐843 is often defined by two major events, the indecisive but costly Battle Fontenoy (841) and Treaty Verdun (843), which ended conflict. nachleben has been subject painstaking scrutiny in context formation new polities out formerly unified Empire. Arguably, however, may have impacted minds contemporaries even more than Verdun, because division kingdoms among royal sons was traditional Frankish practice. present study examines effect upon campaign strategies through an analysis ways kings, authors, churchmen justified battle-seeking or battle-avoidance strategies. investigates four conflicts: its aftermath; invasion Charles Bald’s kingdom Louis German 858; Lothar II’s erstwhile middle Bald after death 869; Andernach 876. | article | Mediävistik |
Race, Specificity, and Statistics in Victorian Medicine | Suman Seth | 2,022 | Abstract This paper focuses on Edmund Parkes’ Manual of Practical Hygiene, Prepared Especially for Use in the Medical Service Army (1864), a text that would become standard within British military medicine decades to come. Within Manual, I argue, we can see confluence three streams thinking – each beginning 1830s and 1840s led new orthodoxy race-medicine Victorian period. The first flowed from an ‘avalanche numbers’, use Hacking’s phrase, concerning medical statistics, set seemingly objective data made race medically ‘real’ form had not been evident before. second was solidification fixist conceptions after collapse what George Stocking called ‘Prichardian paradigm’ ethnology. third involved has known, history medicine, as ‘doctrine specific etiology’, idea cause certain diseases those alone. These factors together novel racial arguments, one assumed reality permanence explained differences susceptibility immunity not, common earlier, terms climatic habituation, but rather fixity peculiarity internal differences. | article | Journal of Victorian Culture |
Between Ostrogothic and Carolingian Italy | null | 2,022 | The victory of Justinian, achieved after a lacerating war, put an end to the ambitious project conceived and implemented by Theoderic his arrival in Italy: that new society which peoples divided centuries-old cultural barriers would live together peace justice, without renouncing their own traditions but respecting shared principles inspired values civilitas. What did this great experiment leave Europe Italy centuries come? were survivals ruptures, what revivals world early medieval society? How past continue be recounted how it interact with present, especially decisive moment Frankish conquest Italy? This book aims confront these questions, does so exploring different themes, concerning politics ideology, culture literary tradition, law, epigraphy archaeology. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book|Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)|OAPEN (The OAPEN Foundation) |
Levi Roach, <i>Forgery and Memory at the End of the First Millennium</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 2021, xxix, 360, pp., 52 ill., 4 tables, 3 maps. | Quan Gan | 2,022 | Abstract In Forgery and Memory at the End of First Millennium , Levi Roach provides five case studies forgery, showcasing how forgeries used symbols authority construed in a cultural memory shared by both forgers their audience to negotiate power from 950 1050 C.E. This book is particular interest three types audience: scholars medieval diplomatics, medievalists studying post-Carolingian politics, interpreters memory. | article | Mediävistik |
Conclusions | Stefano Gasparri | 2,022 | The research on the influence of memory Goths and Theoderic Carolingian rule, particularly in Italy, is just beginning. first promising results, presented volume, knowledge Variae Theoderic’s Edict post-Carolingian period are highlighted, as well possible developments comparative origines gentium or various histories that circulated writings authors period. Finally, bearing mind role cultural mediator played by Paul Deacon, importance Lombard phase transmission Ostrogothic rule to Carolingians emerged, through a parallel between actions Aistulf Charlemagne. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
The Poet Nemesianus and the <i>Historia Augusta</i> | Justin Stover|George Woudhuysen | 2,022 | Abstract Lurking in the Historia Augusta's life of short-lived Emperor Carus is what appears to be a reference genuine contemporary poet Nemesianus and an extant work by him, Cynegetica . Given HA's predilection for ‘bogus authors’, this rather surprising, but because some HA says about true, otherwise unique details his works that it provides have been generally accepted. We show first incorporated gloss text , one reveals was being read studied northern Francia. then demonstrate name ‘Olympius’, which gives Nemesianus, not authentic, offering analysis text's onomastic habits more generally. ‘Olympius Nemesianus’ several invented authors lent superficial plausibility borrowing real ancient writer. Finally, we reflect on way these conclusions might undermine two developing tendencies study Augusta | article | Journal of Roman Studies|Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)|Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)|Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) |
The Legibility of Serif and Sans Serif Typefaces | John T. E. Richardson | 2,022 | This book provides a detailed and up-to-date account of the relevant literature on legibility different kinds typefaces. | book | Springer briefs in education|Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)|OAPEN (The OAPEN Foundation)|Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University) |
The Imperial Image of Theoderic: the Case of the Regisole of Pavia | Carlo Ferrari | 2,022 | The contribution intends to retrace the history of Pavia’s famous equestrian statue, known as “Regisole”, destroyed in 1796. gilded bronze, represented a Roman emperor and was transferred from Rome Ravenna, most likely by Theoderic. At certain point, probably between eighth tenth centuries, Regisole arrived Pavia, even if it is difficult establish who responsible for that. logical solution attribute transfer monument Lombard king, specifically Aistulf, conquered Ravenna 751. It possible argue that transferring – which believed represent Theoderic capital kingdom, Aistulf intended promote an imperial image himself, at time when conquest Exarchate raised him rank “new Theoderic”. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
Cassiodorus’ Variae in the 9th Century | Marco Cristini | 2,022 | The fate of Cassiodorus’ Variae during the Early Middle Ages is largely unknown, since manuscript tradition begins with eleventh century, and long quotations taken from them are attested only that period. However, words or expressions reminiscent occur more than once in Charlemagne’s letters to Byzantium, works Paschasius, Donation Constantine. author epistles sent by East Roman emperor was aware ideological context 1.1, same true for At time, Paschasius used Cassiodorus as a source elegant expressions, thereby treating him like classical author. It impossible ascertain whether Carolingian writers had access all books Variae, substantial selection (similar instance containing Epistolae Austrasicae), but there high degree likelihood they knew quite few Cassiodorus, were able appreciate political messages conveyed them. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
Epigraphic Stratigraphy: is There Any Trace of the Ostrogoths in Early Medieval “Layers” (6th-9th Century)? | Flavia Frauzel | 2,022 | The short but significant experiment of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy left politically ephemeral albeit culturally surprisingly durable traces peninsula. Among them, epigraphy takes centre stage when discussing decrees, laws, and public documents, which are a direct expression rulers’ will to gain greater visibility disseminate their voice. However, is also crucial knowing names, professions, ideas, other concepts relating ordinary people. This contribution aims examine number issues concerning controversial Germanic names datable between VIth VIIth century AD, variably assigned Ostrogoths, Lombards, even Carolingians characters; through lens these materials, – ironically enough monuments both recording contemporary propaganda everyday life facets, article explore graphic epigraphic changes occurred VIth-IXth centuries. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
«Stilo… memoriaeque mandavi»: Two and a Half Conspiracies. Auctors, Actors, Confessions, Records, and Models | Danuta Shanzer | 2,022 | Conspiracies frustrate contemporaries, historiographers, and historians. This article explores roles, focalization, confession in three conspiracies related to Italy, from the 6th, 4th, 9th centuries respectively. The protagonists include Boethius, Silvanus, Theodulf of Orléans. main contribution is a philological historiographical re-evaluation Theodulf’s role revolt Bernard Italy against Louis Pious (817/18), arguing that advised about punishment conspirators. Boethius first emerges as historico-political exemplum (though his Cons.) Modoin’s rescriptum (Theodulf, C. 73 [820/21]). | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
The Revival of Cassiodorus’ Variae in the High Middle Ages (10th-11th century) | Dário Internullo | 2,022 | This paper is based on a number of reuses Cassiodorus’ Variae that have been found in notarial documents written Rome and Lazio between the tenth eleventh century. Given manuscript tradition becomes visible only from twelfth-thirteenth centuries onwards, these are good starting point to reflect specific question: what were practical contingent motivations that, Lazio, stimulated intellectual elites research reuse Variae? By following an alternative path evidence, it thus possible better identify contexts preservation, circulation, use underlying more evident late medieval revival. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
Ostrogoths vs. Franks: Imagining the Past in the Middle Ages | Fabrizio Oppedisano | 2,022 | This introductory essay aims at highlighting some aspects concerning the connections between Ostrogoths and Franks in Middle Ages. To this end, cases from different contexts chronologies have been examined: firstly, Giovanni Villani’s chronicle, which conveys a polarized image of Gothic Carolingian worlds; then testimonies ninth century, that use Ostrogothic model connection with present more complex ambivalent manner. The various interpretations world are linked by tendency to emphasize historical analogies, leads an overall protracted disinterest specific forms society work most documents it, Cassiodorus’ Variae. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
When Writing Prefigures Painting : Some Remarks on “Typology” within the Conception of the Byzantine Icon | Sophie Schweinfurth | 2,022 | null | chapter | Bamberger Orientstudien |
Wends/Slavs/Pomeranians as Allies of the Margraves of Brandenburg in 1229. Voice in the Discussion on Political Alliances of the Rulers of West Pomerania in the 1220’s | Marek Smoliński | 2,022 | W 1229 r. doszło do bitwy nad rzeką Plane koło Brandneburga. Wzięły w niej udział odziały margrabiów brandenburskich Jana I i Ottona III oraz wojska ministeriałów arcybiskupstwa magdeburskiego na czele z samym arcybiskupem Albrechtem II von Käfernburg. Margrabiów wspomagał przy tym silny odział Słowian/Wendów pochodząc krajów słowiańskich. Analiza przekazów źródeł narracyjnych, głównie Saskiej kroniki świata Czynów arcybiskupów magdeburskich pozwala dużą pewnością utożsamić wspomnianych poddanymi książąt pomorskich. Wspomogli oni przez to księcia brunszwisko-lüneburskiego Dziecięcia. Tym opisywanym okresie Pomorzanie raczej nie zerwali jeszcze Danią. Do wojny Waldemarem dopiero latach 30 XIII w., gdy król duńskich otwarcie wsparł Rugię, a margrabiowie brandenburscy książę brunszwicko-lüneburski zmienili swą politykę zmierzając ugody Hohenstaufami. | article | Studia Maritima |
The Centres of Public Power Between the Cities and the Countryside, in the Light of the Recent Archaeology (Italian Peninsula, Late 5th-9th Century) | Federico Cantini | 2,022 | The paper aims to illustrate, especially through the results of recent archaeological studies, articulation and forms centres public power between Gothic Carolingian periods, in dialectic city as a seat institutions their protagonists, countryside, which contains production controls resources. We will consider Italian territory, with focus on Tuscany, propose some comparisons rest Europe. An architectural, artistic topographical resilience emerges. It is probably consequence continuity series elements: ownership particular urban suburban areas palaces, well rural strategic sites; use languages models Late Roman aristocracy, economic impoverishment early medieval rulers. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
Education in the era of the Carolingian renaissance and the heritage of Marcian Capella | Vasiliy Arsen'ev | 2,022 | null | article | Izvestiâ vysših učebnyh zavedenij |
Papal Jurisprudence, 385-1234: Social Origins and Medieval Reception of Canon Law by David L. d'Avray | Michael K. Moore | 2,022 | Reviewed by: Papal Jurisprudence, 385-1234: Social Origins and Medieval Reception of Canon Law by David L. d'Avray Michael Edward Moore d'Avray, Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. $99.99. Pp. 300. ISBN: 978-1-10867-143-9. In this tightly woven, carefully argued book, the rise thirteenth-century legal science is explained as return, or awkward persistence, old papal law in new contexts, corresponding need for exposition, explanation, decision-making to resolve complex situations which laws did not readily correspond a historical world. This argument only about 'new' situation ecclesiastical life jurisprudence from 1100 1234, but long-enduring presence decisions period 400 500. How serve 700 years later? D'Avray contends that considering history jurisprudence, it flowed into schools age Johannes Teutonicus Liber Extra, historian must account two major ages, key sets problems, principal contexts: first wave second decretals. 'The main focus study on parallels connections between decretal ages' (193). Indeed, one strong theses book existence mutual reflection ages (5th century / 12th century). If long can be described structure, has shape barbell graph. These parallel phases papal-legal mirror another are also termed 'the waves, c.400 c. 1200' (213). The concerned provide detailed narrative sweeping over all those centuries. Instead, short précis changing circumstances presented at certain points order demonstrate dramatic changes leading up periods jurisprudence. scaffolding European somewhat background, helps explain orient readers changes. fall [End Page 217] Roman Empire great crash, versions Peter Heather (106) Julia Smith (218), rather than current fashion seeing continuity instead. There Brown's thesis Christianity brought total change mentality death, re-negotiated social world erection cosmos (4). And there Ian Wood's view massive transfers wealth late antiquity allowed substantial take-off Church (107). Rome mean City, was able an exceptional degree intellectual institutional continuity. some fine passages expresses nature memory embodied building programs such basilica Maria Maggiore (107-108). letters Pope Leo Great similarly monuments recordation (119). After demise Attila collapse Hunnic project, City began take center stage western Europe (23-24). Carolingian briefly alluded frame Admonitio Generalis. so Ottonian dispersal political power post-millenial Europe. D'Avray's analysis 1050-1150 fascinating. clergy had changed. No longer part cohesive antique urban world, early medieval now found themselves agricultural countryside beset small competing principalities. Now they lived shadow lords castles: 'a rural parishes, utterly different original context'—i.e. context decretals regarding matters priestly marriage sexual activity (177). It towns Middle Ages accounts Investiture Controversy turn... | article | Bulletin of medieval canon law |
Notes on the Holy Sepulchre Chapel at Vienne | Neil STRATFORD | 2,022 | A chapel dedicated to the Holy Sepulchre, probably of Carolingian date, was incorporated into rebuilt Romanesque nave cathedral Saint-Maurice at Vienne. It transferred in 1524/1525 by Dean Chapter, Guillaume Palmier, little cloister north, where it with a new dedication added, Notre-Dame de Pitie, cult already very popular Dauphine on eve Reform. This destroyed 1804-1805 but its appearance is known from unique engraving. Palmier’s will gives details transfer chapel. In overlooked sculptures Christ and five seated angels, placed apex arcades above contemporary this part building, second quarter 12th century. The capitals area reflect their subject-matter chapel’s do not seem have been more generalised ‘programme’ capital sculpture nave. | article | Revue Mabillon |
Roman Law in the regnum Italiae under the Emperor Lothar I (817‒855): Epitomes, Manuscripts, and Carolingian Legislation | Stefan Esders | 2,022 | “Roman law” could mean very different things in the Carolingian period, and refers to a great variety of legal texts. This becomes particularly visible from abbreviated versions Roman law that were produced circulated since 6th century. The paper contrasts so-called Epitome Aegidii, Gallic compilation based on Breviary Visigothic King Alaric II, with Iuliani, short version novels Emperor Justinian, as both compilations used regnum Italiae under Frankish Lothar I for legislation practice. Both attest aspects tradition, divergent purposes rulers when trying make use law. Surprisingly, we also find elements Ostrogothic incorporated into what was perceived Italy manifold resources tradition. | chapter | Reti medievali e-book |
[Sauer, Hans; Kirner-Ludwig, Monika. Evolution of English: studying the past, understanding the present] | Ján Chovanec | 2,022 | null | article | Brno Studies in English |
Religious paintings as liturgical images in the oeuvre of Henryk Siemiradzki | Maria Nitka | 2,022 | The 19 th century was a time when, as noted by Michael Thimann, there occurred transition of painting from the sphere worship to space art. parting paths art and sacred also affected genre important for connecting these spheres altar painting. present paper discusses Henryk Siemiradzki’s paintings, which constitute this outstanding academic artist’s attempts place intended in churches. Siemiradzki created several paintings: starting with copy "Christ on Cross" Johann Köler (1867), then his own version theme chapel Our Lady Rosary hometown Kharkiv (1871), "Zmartwychwstanie [Resurrection]" (1878) Church All Saints Grzybów Warsaw, above all large altarpieces: "Chrystus uciszający burzę [Christ Calming Storm]" (1882) Evangelical church Krakow "Wniebowstąpienie [The Ascension]" (1891) Resurrectionists Rome via San Sebastianello. is an attempt reveal relationship between form, content function images. analysis focuses primarily Ascension]", artist faced canon most complete way. iconography works, their connections centuries-old visual tradition Christianity, finally semantics composition are analysed, looking theological understanding depicted events. It has been shown that commissions discussed line format painting, at same they fruit profound reflection role image liturgy, interior, discourse supposed affect hearts, minds souls faithful. emphasized undertaken, able respond requirements various confessions, pictures corresponded mission expectations Catholic parish, religious order or Protestant community. works therefore presented example search solutions concerning meaning paintings multidimensional space, inscribed into dialogue within genre. | article | Sacrum et Decorum |