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Medieval Data 12

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Manchester University Press eBooks

Das Homiliar des Paulus Diaconus an der südwesteuropäischen Peripherie des Karolingerreiches

Matthias M. Tischler

The new publication of a study on the textual history, transmission and significance Ho­ miliary Paul Deacon, one oldest collections homilies from early Carolingian pe­ riod, gives reason to rethink methodological approach such complex manuscript history. In addition article points out gaps deals in particular with hitherto neglected or unknown history impact work Iberian Peninsula, especially Catalonia.

article

Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung

David Crouch and Jeroen Deploige (eds), Knighthood and Society in the High Middle Ages

Richard Abels

TSEG (Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis) - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History, is het Nederlands-Vlaamse vaktijdschrift op gebied van de sociale economische geschiedenis

article

Tijdschrift voor sociale en economische geschiedenis

Tilly Goes to Church: The Religious and Medieval Roots of European State Fragmentation

Anna Grzymała-Busse

The starting point for many analyses of European state development is the historical fragmentation territorial authority. dominant bellicist explanation formation argues that this was an unintended consequence imperial collapse, and warfare in early modern era overcame by winnowing out small polities consolidating strong states. Using new data on papal conflict religious institutions, I show instead political outcome deliberate choices, it closely associated with conflict, persisted longer than explanations would predict. medieval Catholic Church deliberately effectively splintered power Europe forming temporal alliances, funding proxy wars, launching crusades, advancing ideology to ensure its autonomy power. roots are thus more religious, older, intentional often assumed.

article

American Political Science Review

Touching Parchment: How Medieval Users Rubbed, Handled, and Kissed Their Manuscripts

Kathryn M. Rudy

The Medieval book, both religious and secular, was regarded as a most precious item. traces of its use through touching handling during different rituals such oath-taking, is the subject Kathryn Rudy’s research in Touching Parchment. Rudy presents numerous fascinating case studies that relate to evidence damage or kissing. She also puts each study within category ways books, mainly liturgical, legal choral practice, turn connects practice horizontal vertical behavioural patterns users public private environment. With her keen eye for observation being able identify various characteristics inadvertent targeted wear, author adds new dimension book. gives reader opportunity reflect on social, anthropological historical value book by sharpening our senses way handled books situations. has amassed an incredible amount material this which she manuscript conveys approach scholars history materiality should keep mind when carrying out their own research. What perhaps striking articulate text, how expresses not without emotion, accumulated effects these emotions are worthy preservation, further reflection.

book

Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)|St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)

Medieval Latin: Language, Linguistics, and Literature

Pantalea Mazzitello

article

The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies

Down by the river to the middle of nowhere? Avar-period metal artifacts discovered in Janowiec, site 3, Puławy district

Grzegorz Kuś|Maciej Trzeciecki|Paweł Gan

The text discusses the results of typological and metallographic analyses metal objects dated to 7th-8th centuries from Janowiec on Vistula River, including five bronze strap fittings, two silver bracelets with trumpet-like endings, bars, lumps melted metal. fittings indicate their direct associations Avar Kaganate. Currently, comprise most numerous assemblage imports Polish lands. form technology manufacture is typical for area between middle Dnipro Danube, while decorative patterns refer art Avars. Interestingly, such an was discovered in territory currently regarded as peripherical or even wholly uninhabited. finds document contacts emerging “tribal” elites northern north-eastern Lesser Poland Transcarpathian areas role a communicational axis.

article

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

NOSTALGIA AND (PRE‐)MODERNITY

Hannah Skoda

ABSTRACT This article argues that, in the fourteenth century, there was a wave of nostalgia that provoked by extreme structural change: this moment demographic catastrophe (with famine and plague), endemic warfare, economic fluctuation, intensified urbanization, intellectual spiritual novelties. Yet scholars from range disciplines have assumed modernity are intimately connected. Given these framings as modern phenomenon, seeks to explore implications premodern nostalgia. It begins setting out arguments for intertwining modernity. Some argued brings sense rupture produces Others, relatedly, seems speed up our experience time slower‐paced more predictable past. I juxtapose with evidence fourteenth‐century outpourings across contexts England, Italy, France. analyze examples political (both radical reactionary), apparently lost orders, set chivalric values, disrupted social orders. then suggest manifestations were actually produced precisely features period usually deemed be exclusive modernity: it rapid, rupturing change nostalgic regret. Nostalgia, then, would seem indicate century might modern. However, rather than simply trying therefore push back birth modernity, argue is indicative problems periodization. The presence epochs—these echoes webs time—suggest lines periodization, birthing moments, need treated caution. And appropriate such reminder should come phenomenon nostalgia, which is, after all, about resonances time—resonances amplified, distorted, whispered even, but all challenge complicate any straightforward either linear or cyclical time.

article

History and Theory

An Influential Latin Dictionary and Its Etymologies (12th Century CE) in the Linguistic Landscape of Medieval Europe

Michele Loporcaro

The bestselling dictionary of the late Middle Ages was named after a morphological procedure, “derivations.” It written by Hugutio (also known as Uguccione) from Pisa, bishop Ferrara, probably in 1160s, and its title refers to one procedures used order explain origin meaning words. In addition, etymological speculation, with method inherited Latin Antiquity—from Varro via Isidore Seville—also has prominent place this work, which enjoyed great success. an epoch when Romance languages, including Italian, had long ousted everyday native spoken usage, Hugutio’s book extensively cited dictionary, write not only Latin—still main language culture Western Europe for centuries come—but also vernaculars then-incipient vulgar literature; example, no less figure than Dante Alighieri. To us, Derivations (Derivationes) is valuable source both knowledge Medieval thought information on Italian lexicon, at time documentation still very scarce.

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BRILL eBooks

From the Thames to the Euphrates De la Tamise à l’Euphrate

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

CREMMA Medii Aevi: Literary Manuscript Text Recognition in Latin

Thibault Clérice|Malamatenia Vlachou-Efstathiou|Alix Chagué

This paper presents a novel segmentation and handwritten text recognition dataset for Medieval Latin from the 11th to 16th century. It connects with French datasets, as well earlier by enforcing common guidelines, bringing 263,000 new characters now totaling over million medieval manuscripts in both languages. We provide our own addition Ariane Pinche’s Old guidelines deal specific cases. also offer an overview of how we addressed this compilation through use pre-existing resources. With higher abbreviation ratio better representation abbreviating marks, models that outperform base model on improving accuracy 5% unknown manuscripts.

article

Journal of open humanities data|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)|HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

New Ancient Greek in a Neo-Latin World

Raf Van Rooy

Did you know that many reputed Neo-Latin authors like Erasmus of Rotterdam also wrote in forms Ancient Greek? used this New Greek language to celebrate a royal return from Spain Brussels, honor deceded friends Johann Froben, pray while on pilgrimage, and promote new Aristotle edition. But classical bilingualism was not the prerogative happy few Renaissance luminaries: less well-known humanists, too, activated their bilingual competence impress patrons; nuance ideas feelings; manage information by encoding gossip private matters Greek; adorn books art with poems two languagges, so on. As reader, discover promising research perspectives bridge gap between long-standing discipline studies young field studies.

book

Travelling Books

Maria Stieglecker

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De Gruyter eBooks

BALTSKÉ KŘÍŽOVÉ VÝPRAVY.TEOLOGIE SVATÉ VÁLKY V OBLASTI BALTSKÉHO MOŘE KOLEM ROKU 1200

Carsten Selch Jensen

article

THEOLOGICKÁ REVUE

Raison d’être and Use of Stand-alone formulae in Early Medieval European Legal Manuscripts

Philippe Depreux

This article seeks to explore why early medieval scribes added standalone formulae (anonymized templates for charters and letters) multiple-text manuscripts containing legal texts such as leges (‘law texts’) or capitularies. It discusses several cases, in some of them, we can assume the scribe not only a formula, but modified it an original way, because he thought creating collection his own use. therefore be regarded case ‘writing oneself’.

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

Introduction

David Durand-Guédy|Jürgen Paul

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

Noah’s Sons

David M. Goldenberg|Christopher Heard|Christopher Heard|Jürg Hutzli|Brian Matz|Joshua Joel Spoelstra|Christopher J. van der Krogt

dataset

Encyclopedia of the Bible Online

The Early Reception History of the First Book of Isidore’s "Etymologies" as a Mirror of Carolingian Intellectual Networks

Evina Steinová

chapter

Punctum Books

A coin of Queen Fastrada and Charlemagne

Simon Coupland

A Carolingian coin has recently been acquired by the Centre Charlemagne in Aachen which represents an entirely unexpected and truly historic addition to our knowledge of reign Charlemagne, as it bears name his wife Fastrada. It is first known example a queen being named on coin, because type was only introduced 793 Fastrada died August 794, can be very precisely dated. Charles almost certainly prompted strike learning pennies Cynethryth minted Offa late 780s. The coinage reflects both affection held power he prepared share with her.

article

Early Medieval Europe

:<i>Balaam’s Ass: Vernacular Theology before the English Reformation</i>

Jennifer A. Lorden

Previous articleNext article FreeBook ReviewBalaam’s Ass: Vernacular Theology before the English Reformation, volume 1, Frameworks, Arguments, to 1250. Nicholas Watson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. Pp. xxiv+588.Jennifer A. LordenJennifer LordenWilliam & Mary Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreIf I had one quibble with Balaam’s Ass, it would be that volume’s subject is much bigger than its already capacious title suggests. But part book’s point. 1250, first Watson’s magisterial three-volume project on vernacular theological writing. As establishes, explain theology 1250 not just texts might fall within category but nothing less trajectory literary history in England and also Christian history’s relationship broadly, as well complicated study these things. For reason, we find ourselves chapters Reformation Counter-Reformation, beyond scholarship medievalists twentieth century. Watson explains how medieval theology, England’s three major vernaculars, must better studied understood, why such important work done now.Volume 1 Ass lays out an ambitious plan projected establishes central tenets project’s argument—that boundaries periodization, Latin vernacular, sacred secular, break down consideration mass evidence provide a fuller account history. Beginning historical survey interpretations uses biblical exemplum gives book title, general introduction shows how, hands various writers riffing tale, titular ass could valorized or put down, held up symbol Christianity against unbelief, laity ecclesiastical authority, reverse. The varying speak fact similarly does occupy single position, simply represent either language church laity, reform tradition, regardless who writing given time. Moreover, vernaculars considered here (Old English, Middle French) all relate differently Latinate do so over main premises: first, continuity rather rupture (16); second, both religious (18); third, development (21). reversal represented story thus speaks role new history.Part volume, “Before After Reformation: Church History, National Scholarly History,” consists five chapters. “The Diglossic Contract,” traces argue only specific moments conflict stifle although narrative doing becomes essential post-Reformation polemic. Chapter 2, “Anglican Historiography,” demonstrates lasting influence rhetoric scholarly imagination Ages from Foxe’s Actes Monuments, Protestant “the Church’s hostility Gospel” (50). This compelling reveals scholars into nineteenth century, even if uninterested reproduce church. Another distortion effects third chapter, “Romantic Philology,” which Romantic nationalism deprioritized older literature while searching secular pagan instead. discipline studies, borne classical studies philology concert, valued linguistic interest national historic interest, mostly ignoring overtly devotional material. crucial chapter England, literature, disciplinary creation modern scholars. Catholic were their own histories alongside nationalist Anglican ones: 4, “Catholic Apologetics,” tension ambiguity around after formation studies. Finally, fifth “Medieval Studies Modernism,” follows phenomena previous twenty-first centuries consider fraught These deftly show understanding assumptions still confront.Part Medieval Idea Vernacular: Models, Terms, Concepts,” procedures remainder series. 6, “Christian Teaching across Longue Durée,” points dangers letting Wycliffite controversy dominate conversations broader importance history, 7, “Theology Community,” definitions terms “vernacula” “theologia,” making case historically situated, very broad definition thinking about divine contexts. means, then, bulk understood story—very little rightly without considering has been shaped theology. In eighth Clerical Construct,” explores clerical controversies defined distinct Latin. contexts where was Romance distinguished largely having systematized remain colloquial speech. systematized, nonetheless necessary instructing faithful fullness doctrine. dilemma vernacular’s continuing necessity underlies 9, “Institutional Stance Social Address.” Given receive instruction clergy they understand, many anticipate audiences, speakers take different stances toward audiences: figure at times spokesperson community, speaker private prayer. A “patronal model” allows writer commissioned text “inform social superiors” seek actions (163). Having established complex varied roles can play centuries, 10, Archive,” imagines hypothetical counterpart Migne’s Patrologia Latina, exploring number volumes dedicated Old French, what consist of. Doing occasion else need texts—Latin works meant delivered translated other vernaculars—as problems defining “text” is, tendency any exist numerous versions, adapted partly substantially each copy, including original authors, questions texts’ differing rates survival follow come.Following exposition parameters approach two parts, 3, “English Early Ages: Language Politics Monastic Reform,” begins. Taking pre-Conquest follow, 11, “Old Long Twelfth Century,” begins end early period, arguing neither nostalgia resistance, ongoing reflection pastoral care undertaken monks. Chapters 12 13 Benedictine Canon” tenth-century Benedictines particularly Æthelwold Wulfstan Cantor reimagined past reformed present, using teaching establishing societal political level. Moving eleventh Ælfric York imagine body homilies, offer tools consistent teachers them. Wulfstan’s Institutes Polity brings royal governance realm well. 14, Monastery, Minster, Court,” shows, aspect suppression overwriting institutions reforms houses unrecoverable. establish known Benedictines’ predecessors, extent reformers broke actually continued sources Blickling Vercelli Alfredian court drew supplanted. While program rhetorically positions translation self-evident good, contrast asserts strict limits should appropriate make available English. later efforts result Contradictions English,” explored 15. unified community stratification disunity through associating unlearned, nevertheless contradicts use themselves. contradiction, may adapting Carolingian speech though, practice, supposedly “unlearned” (including elite lay) audiences reading translations have read “learned” made frequent materials English.Part “From English: Continuity, Adaptation, Secularization,” continues era 16, Narrowing Written became authoritative touchstone written languages trilingual post-Conquest remained present source medium teaching. chaper 17, Transformation Insular Proverbs Alfred Layamon’s Brut reflect ways reckon rapidly changing French become international currency. 18–20 New Pastoralia.” these, “Secular Priests Religious Canons,” argues sophistication innovation authority increasingly restricted realm, Vices Virtues Ormulum canons work. next, “Diocesan Preaching Books,” landscape focusing Lambeth Homilies Trinity Homilies. homilies interactions monastic traditions forms deployed non-monastic curates responsibility direct Lateran IV. 20, “Anchoresses City,” takes Ancrene Wisse related texts. Proceeding overturning hypothesis group composed copied Wigmore Abbey, considers implications connections Hereford Worcester, complex, multilayered, urban environments draw upon to.In coda looks forward next will turn shift puts it, prose between late period runs, most part, insular French” (369). concludes copious notes bibliography, appendix offering handy reference periods works, people, events discussed volume.As cannot told Scholars benefit capaciousness learning clarity insight cuts confidently place, language. makes clear his focus specifically disrupts tradition nation-based imperialist ideologies Since necessarily spends time laying groundwork yet done, readers eager continue forthcoming volumes. DetailsFiguresReferencesCited Modern Philology Volume 120, Number 4May 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/723263 Views: 222Total views site HistoryPublished online November 21, 2022 permission reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no citing article.

article

Modern Philology

Monks and Canons in Carolingian Gaul: The Case of Rigrannus of Le Mans

Giles Constable

chapter

Routledge eBooks

Contents

paratext

De Gruyter eBooks

Borders of Ecclesiastical Power in the Medieval City: The Perception of Coimbra’s Parochial Network through the Case of the Parish of the Monastery of Santa Cruz (Eleventh to Fourteenth Centuries)

Maria Amélia Álvaro de Campos

El siglo XII fue importante para la definición política y territorial del reino de Portugal. Durante esa centuria, Coímbra elegida por Alfonso Enríquez –el primer rey portugués– como sede monarquía asistió a fundación monasterio Santa Cruz, extramuros ciudad. En el periodo establecimiento este fueron emitidos documentos que nos permiten demarcar área correspondiente parroquia def São João, bajo jurisdicción Cruz. Mediante análisis estas otras fuentes escritas en los siglos XII, XIII XIV, trabajo se examinarán proceso territorialización João una red parroquial Coímbra. Además estudiar límites las nueve parroquias ciudad, hasta donde lo permitan, tratarán examinar sentimientos pertenencia habitantes dichas parroquias.

article

Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval

Parliaments and their Evolution

Werner J. Patzelt

Abstract This paper aims to open a new path for the comparative cross-historical and cross-cultural analysis of deliberating or deciding assemblies. For this purpose, it makes use wide concept parliament, in contrast conventional narrow one which focuses on democratic elections free mandate. The essay starts with an overview large variety “parliamentarianisms” across history culture, then points out shortcomings “historically flat” legislative research conducted date. It goes show how non-biological evolutionary theory can enhance historical institutions. Finally, is demonstrated “institutional morphology”, draws distinction between no fewer than five different forms similarity, be fruitfully used empirical into parliaments particular, institutions general.

article

International journal of parliamentary studies

The Statutes of Raudnitz-Klosterneuburg. An example of canonical legislation

Carmen Galbán

Open AccessThe Statutes of Raudnitz-Klosterneuburg. An example canonical legislationClemens T. GalbanClemens GalbanSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.7767/9783205216711.175SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book cover 1. AuflageISBN: 978-3-205-21670-4 eISBN: 978-3-205-21671-1HistoryPublished online:May 2023 Information© Böhlau, Zeltgasse 1, A-1080 Wien, ein Imprint der Brill-GruppeDas Werk ist als Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne Creative-Commons-Lizenz BY-NC International 4.0 (»Namensnennung – Nicht kommerziell«) erschienen. Um eine Kopie dieser Lizenz zu sehen, besuchen Sie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.de. Das und seine Teile sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung in anderen den durch diese erlaubten Fällen bedarf vorherigen schriftlichen Einwilligung des Verlages.PDF download

chapter

Böhlau Verlag eBooks

The Other, conception, and the Trinity: explaining the singularity of heterosexual love

Artyom Kosmarski

This paper seeks to provide a theological justification for the singularity of heterosexual relationships, without relying on traditionalist heteronormative arguments. I explore idea man and woman as Others, by relating male-female difference not gender binary (a coercive pattern two entities), but otherness. Then, link awareness Other (and all ethical existential implications thereof) with sexual difference; argue that learning live in flesh is prerequisite life heaven, space unbounded interaction including God. Next, propose theory sex act an incarnation proceed analysis what same-sex intercourse incarnates person’s body soul. The conception then considered epiphany God (that is, procreation goal, condition being open His life-giving intervention non-contraceptive intercourse). elaborate upon nurturing child one way experiencing Trinity. Finally, give reading Jesus’ words Matt. 19:3-12 directly addressing issue homo- heterosexuality love/marriage path).

article

Authority at a Distance

Shigeto Kikuchi

The recent historiography has a tendency to explain the activities of early medieval popes in terms their reactive or passive character. One key perspective here is contemporary perception papal authority among Franks. While no one Francia seemingly refused rejected primacy, neither Franks nor were always conscious it. Besides, there was course another Francia, that is, royal Carolingians, on which could count more easily. Nonetheless, sought some contexts. What did they expect from instead Carolingian monarchs? Dealing with various media through intended show authority, and how people felt it localities (papal envoys, letters, presents including relics, pallium, inscriptions privileges), this chapter asks who would, could, appeal pope be successful, what kinds channels available for them, whose intervention expect, responded, because his reaction not line intentions recipients.

chapter

Routledge eBooks

Review of B. J. Stone, Rhetorical Arts in Late Antique and Early Medieval Ireland

Dáibhí Ó Cróinín

article

Studia Celtica Fennica

ScribeID AI. Exploring the origins of the Klosterneuburg scriptorium using artificial intelligence

Martin Haltrich|Markus Seidl|Viktoria Reich|Julius Weißmann|Christina Jackel|Julia Strebl|Muntaha Sakeena

Open AccessScribeID AI. Exploring the origins of Klosterneuburg scriptorium using artificial intelligenceMartin Haltrich, Markus Seidl, Viktoria Reich, Julius Weißmann, Christina Jackel, Julia Strebl, Muntaha SakeenaMartin HaltrichSearch for more papers by this author, SeidlSearch ReichSearch WeißmannSearch JackelSearch StreblSearch SakeenaSearch authorhttps://doi.org/10.7767/9783205216711.199SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book cover 1. AuflageISBN: 978-3-205-21670-4 eISBN: 978-3-205-21671-1HistoryPublished online:May 2023 Information© Böhlau, Zeltgasse 1, A-1080 Wien, ein Imprint der Brill-GruppeDas Werk ist als Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne Creative-Commons-Lizenz BY-NC International 4.0 (»Namensnennung – Nicht kommerziell«) erschienen. Um eine Kopie dieser Lizenz zu sehen, besuchen Sie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.de. Das und seine Teile sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung in anderen den durch diese erlaubten Fällen bedarf vorherigen schriftlichen Einwilligung des Verlages.PDF download

chapter

Böhlau Verlag eBooks

Marian Devotion and the Jewish Gospel (Toledot Yeshu) in Eighteenth Century Amsterdam

Evi Michels

Polemical narratives on the life of Jesus Nazareth were common among Jews since Middle Ages. In Enlightenment context, especially in Netherlands, these developed into an eminently popular text genre, with close ties to performative arts. The authors Yiddish manuscripts discussed here thus inserted new narrative elements traditional story. their retelling he familiar story, they creatively included actualizing references daily experiences audience. Among original elements, we find a assumption Mary. Whereas this unexpected element seems reflect medieval when stories about Virgin Mary widely circulated Catholic it nevertheless served as effective tool also Protestant context. negotiate boundaries between Jewish and Christian communities, define conditions peaceful coexistence.

article

Cromohs. Cyber Review of Modern Historiography

All that glitters is not gold: Multi-instrumental identification of Viking Age orpiment (As2S3) from Surtshellir cave, Iceland

Kevin P. Smith|Guðmundur Ólafsson

Fragments of orpiment (As2S3) from a Viking Age structure inside Iceland’s Surtshellir cave represent the farthest-known occurrence this rare mineral sources known to have been exploited during Early Middle Ages. Actual fragments (from Latin auripigmentum, golden pigment) are only documented in late first millennium AD northern Europe Dunadd, seat Dalriadic kings western Scotland (7th-8th century AD), Tonymore Crannóg, an elite Irish site (8th-9th and now (AD 920–1020). Ground create pigment, was used add brilliant yellows illuminated manuscripts produced 7th-10th centuries monastic ecclesiastic centers Ireland, Carolingian Empire, Anglo-Saxon England. Its prior uses Scandinavia, however, furnishings King Gorm’s grave at Jelling (Denmark), ca. 950–960, possibly Gokstad ship, 900–905. The twelve Surtshellir, verified through pXRF (hand-held X-Ray Fluorescence) SEM/EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), link 10th interaction trade networks that stretched North Atlantic Anatolia provide supportive evidence for re-interpreting as important, elite-controlled ritual Age.

article

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

Missing Discussions: Institutional Constraints in the Islamic Political Tradition

A. Arda Gitmez|J. E. M. Robinson|Mehdi Shadmehr

report

Into the Tsar's residence: geophysical survey of the early medieval Bulgarian capital of Veliki Preslav

Peter Milo|Petar Dimitrov|Mariya Manolova-Voykova|Tomáš Tencer|Beáta Milová|Michal Vágner

During the late first millennium AD, Bulgarian Empire emerged in eastern Balkans on doorstep of Byzantine Empire. In a bid to reconcile with—and impress—its powerful neighbour, Tsar Simeon I selected fortified site Veliki Preslav as new capital city. Through ninth and tenth centuries city was developed into one largest cities early Middle Ages Europe. A Inner City palaces, churches state buildings accompanied by large defended Outer City. The authors present results recent geophysical survey, revealing patterning spatial socio-economic organisation urban landscape between fourteenth AD.

article

Antiquity

King Harold’s Sister Gunhild (d. 1087), a Royal Exile in Flanders

Elisabeth van Houts

Abstract This article is a study of the life Gunhild (d. 1087), sister King Harold, who, together with her mother Gytha, sought exile in Flanders after Norman Conquest; it set wider context fate high-status elite or royal women post-Conquest England. Gunhild’s lead burial plaque inscription (found tomb church St Donatian Bruges) constitutes unique testimony to aftermath Conquest. Her Latin obituary, longest known on for an eleventh-century woman, consists biographical sketch and family, including brother’s death, itinerary exile, while second half near-hagiographical account as woman religious; new edition English translation are included appendix. The analyses historical, literary material aspects life, evidence from archive considerable wealth she bequeathed canons return church’s wall. It suggested that religious lived penitential foreign soil not least pay sins defeated by Normans. Comparison other (and men) suggests that, defiantly uniquely, Gytha rejected accommodation Conqueror instead followed path abroad, more commonly chosen men.

article

The English Historical Review

How Private Libraries Contributed to the Transmission of Texts

Donatella Nebbiai

Private libraries developed in Western European cities at the end of eleventh century, connection with spread practice writing and autographs. In this article we study influence that these exerted as a cultural model, not only through works they contain, but also ways which books were supplied transmitted.

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

830 – Das Jahr, in dem die Reliquien kamen

Denis Drumm|Miriam De Rosa

article

Zeitschrift für württembergische Landesgeschichte

Tongues on a Golden Mouth: The Transition from Scholia to Florilegia as Evidenced in a Sixth-Century Syriac Chrysostom Manuscript

Yonatan Moss

chapter

BRILL eBooks

Confessional Cultures and European Identity: Religion, Ideology, and Economics

Brent F. Nelsen|James L. Guth

Proponents of greater European political unity through the development Union (EU) have long sought to foster a “European” identity among citizens as way advancing their cause. And there is now substantial body scholarship devoted understanding social, economic, and demographic factors contributing such an identity. Recently, has been growing interest in cultural influences, but possible impact religion largely ignored. Using Eurobarometer 65.2 (2006), we show that religious groups differ systematically propensity take markers. multivariate analysis, demonstrate Catholics are most likely be cognitive “Europeans”, while Protestants other Christians less perspectives. Religiosity tends reinforce dominant each tradition. These differences persist even under statistical controls for demonstrated although effects strongest old Western “core” EU. The long-term decline Catholic religiosity thus important implications future identities: growth will depend increasingly on “diffuse” more variable successful economic management by EU national governments.

article

Religions

The dolor, ira and Vengeance Cycle in Paul the Deacon’s Historia Langobardorum

Nicole Demarchi

Abstract This essay explores the role and meaning of emotional term dolor in scenarios vengeance represented by Lombard scholar Paul Deacon ( c .720–799) his work Historia Langobardorum . First, after contextualising analysing concept aristocratic honour outlined author text, this examines episodes which is associated with revenge. Second, starting from itself, paper constructs script , namely little scenario that a character plays out – as sequences events, actions social interactions when he or she feels emotion. Finally, it how evaluates positively negatively relation to gender norms.

article

Emotions

Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire through the Perspective of a Bulgarian Medievalist

Alexander Nikolov

article

Istoriâ

Scribal Identities, Renaissances, and Dead Languages: From Barber Sumerian to Kitchen Latin

Delila Jordan|Sébastian Fink

This article is an investigation of the role knowledge dead languages, namely Latin and Sumerian, for scribal or scholarly identities. While at first glance there no obvious reason why a “dead language” should be part curriculum people who were about to become foremost administrators their time, one more languages seems pillar self-consciousness in many periods. The three groups under study are Mesopotamian scribes general, especially those Old Babylonian schools; galas/kalûs, professional lamentation singers that became over course time; Renaissance scholars, whom perfect grasp was utmost importance. Those did not meet expectations colleagues accused speaking “Barber Sumerian” “Kitchen Latin” thereby excluded from exclusive circles—or, as Sumerian school texts put it, becoming true member humanity.

article

Studia orientalia electronica

Frands Herschend: The pre-Carolingian Iron Age in South Scandinavia. Social stratification and Narrative. Uppsala Universitet, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. Uppsala 2022. ISBN: 978-91-506-2923-1. Pris: 200 SEK.

Mads Dengsø Jessen

chapter

Aarhus University Press eBooks

Severo de Málaga, un obispo de la Hispania bizantina

Juan Antonio Jiménez Sánchez|Pere Maymó i Capdevila

En el presente trabajo, se estudia la biografía de Severo Málaga, obispo esta ciudad durante segunda mitad del siglo vi, momento en que sede hallaba bajo dominio bizantino. Los únicos datos conocidos acerca este personaje provienen De uiris illustribus Isidoro Sevilla; pese a tal escasez documental, y otras fuentes indirectas permiten reconstruir los principales hitos vitales Severo. Se analizan asimismo su producción literaria, tanto conservada como desaparecida, así posible actividad edilicia.

article

Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval

Men Moving Men’s Bodies: <i>Translationes </i>and Masculinity in Carolingian Times

Francesco M. Veronese

chapter

Seminari del Centro interuniversitario per la storia e l’archeologia dell’alto medioevo

ITINERARIES OF ANNA YAROSLAVNA IN FRANCE (1051–1075)

Vladimir Shishkin

The article analyzes the itineraries of Anna Yaroslavna, Queen Franks, daughter Prince Yaroslav I Kyiv, during her stay in France 1051–1075. Based on 26 royal charters with mention, preserved repositories and Vatican, own charter foundation monastery St. Vincent 1065 from National Library (BnF), as well act second husband Raoul de Vexin, Count Amiens Valois (between 1067 1069), author attempts to reconstruct movements Yaroslavna. paper is devoted period marriage King Henry (1051–1060), first years reign son Philip (1060–1067), when she actively participated administration possessions Capetian dynasty. As analysis documents shows, lived mainly residences castles Île-de-France, among which Paris did not play role key seat family. Obviously, Yaroslavna preferred traditional, built Carolingian times, fortified estates, served security functions and, at same time, were representative convenient places. She also visited neighboring regions where kings had rights suzerain. Her are closely related question socio-political queen classical Middle Ages make it possible clarify boundaries power capabilities a foreign princess French throne, debunk certain established myths speculations about

article

Vestnik Permskogo universiteta

Crime in the Carolingian World

Jennifer R. Davis

other

Publications and Confidential Exchanges: Carolingian Treatises on the Soul

Jesse Keskiaho

This chapter examines what the publishing of theological texts meant in Carolingian period, focusing on treatises nature and origin soul. Not everyone was supposed to publicly disseminate their writings, successful required connections those authority. The examined were written for different audiences purposes, educational controversial. Several these are connected discussions 850s about Their analysis demonstrates how thinking whether or sense they published deepens our understanding discussions.

chapter

Instrumenta patristica et mediaevalia

A Joke: The Tiny Revolution of Theodulf’s ‘Stolen Horse’

Paul Edward Dutton

This chapter takes up the problem of what historians and microhistorians can do with historical jokes. Even smallest most trivial jokes belongs to history be employed by uncover essential aspects past. In this case, a poem bishop abbot Theodulf Orléans about “A Stolen Horse” turns out reveal central cultural feature Carolingian world: importance horse its fabric. The war horse, as study illustrates, was an expression means power in premodern society, world we have now lost horse’s society has faded. Why did Theodulf’s joke work for whom? What might it tell us that world? And why young Anton Chekhov find particular funny?

chapter

A Sentence: The Desert War of One Carolingian Monk

Paul Edward Dutton

In 819, a Carolingian monk of St-Emmeram Regensburg accompanied his bishop and army into Pannonia or Hunia in pursuit local lord resistance to authority. We know more about that campaign because scribe, Ellenhart, left colophon describing progress copying out the lives doings Desert Fathers manuscript survives (Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique 8216–8218). Ellenhart’s parting words raise questions for microhistorian nature specific war Hungary, medieval travel, why was on military campaign, he copied while so engaged. adventure real one, distances traveled substantial, challenge cloistered monastic life considerable. Might thoughts have been way coping with an unnerving summer war? These many other are explored this expansive revealing microhistorical investigation.

chapter

Writing in gold: on the aesthetics and ideology of Carolingian chrysography

David Ganz

Writing in gold has almost completely escaped the attention of art historical manuscript studies. Whereas semantics and materiality used works goldsmithery as well illuminations panel paintings have been frequently discussed, fact that also applied to embellish texts, be they single initials titles or entire chapters volumes, drawn relatively sparse comment. This article is part a larger research project on Western chrysography. Its scope investigate specific reasons for use writing material Middle Ages. implies critical re-evaluation standard explanations phenomenon previous research. To approach issue, it fruitful look at manuscripts analyse their places ways application One case plays prominent role this paper Golden Psalter from St Gall: an illuminated was begun court Charles Bald later completed monastery Gall. In studying other examples, particular somehow contradictory colour light effects chrysography will emphasized. On one hand, script potential attract visual long range, especially under artificial illumination candlelight; and, other, pages with resist fast, transparent reading written notation. They draw reader’s forms arrangement letters, weave lines, oscillation between emphasis fade-out page, reflections dissociate graphemes carrier, provoking optical state suspense. short, constitutes model ‘Schriftbildlichkeit’ ‘Iconographia’, defying disappearance behind text which time considered most characteristic feature writing.

article

Word & Image

The ›Epigramma Paulini‹

This is the first full-scale critical edition of Epigramma Paulini , with English translation and commentary. The (110 hexameters) a late-antique poem unknown date authorship (arguably written during decade fifth century AD), preserved by only one (Carolingian) manuscript. While outside world torn outbreaks war social unrest, poem’s three characters discuss people’s behavior reaction to crisis. What should change stop political decline? hope does have end crisis rebuild new society? These are some questions strive answer. In recent years, scholars paid attention this piece, mainly drawn it singular insertion satire within frame Vergil’s pastoral model; however, no close study had been published. provides an in-depth exploration message its innovative contribution reception classical, pagan literature in Christian context.

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

In a Circle—The Hereford Map as a ‘Cosmic Clock’

Maria Magdalena Morawiecka

ABSTRACTThis article presents an alternative approach to reading the temporal layer of medieval mappaemundi by comparing its shape that a sundial rather than superimposing vertical chronological axis on map. The possible uses introducing such analogy are discussed with regard late thirteenth-century Hereford world While this does not seek override established findings, it argues adding new interpretation existing research could potentially enrich our understanding ties between time and space in cartography.Dans un cercle—La carte de comme ‘horloge cosmique’Cet propose une nouvelle interprétation du contenu temporel d’une mappemonde médiévale en comparant sa forme à celle d’un cadran solaire plutôt qu’en lui superposant axe chronologique vertical. Les possibles avantages l’introduction telle analogie sont discutés ce qui concerne la fin XIIIe siècle. Sans prétendre remplacer les résultats établis par recherche, l’article soutient que l’ajout cette pourrait potentiellement enrichir notre compréhension des liens entre le temps et l’espace dans cartographie médiévale.Im Kreis—die Hereford-Karte als ‘Kosmische Uhr’In dem Beitrag wird eine Möglichkeit angeboten, die Zeitebene einer mittelalterlichen Karte zu lesen: anstatt vertikale chronologische Abfolge anzunehmen, Form der mit Sonnenuhr verglichen. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten solchen Analogie werden für das späte 13. Jahrhundert am Beispiel dargestellt. Autorin möchte dieser Interpretationsmöglichkeit nicht bestehenden Erkenntnisse bestreiten, sondern vielmehr neue Sicht hinzufügen, um Verbindungen von Zeit und Raum Karten vielfältigerer Weise verstehen.En círculo—el mapa como ‘reloj cósmico’Este artículo presenta enfoque alternativo para leer capa mapamundi medieval, partir comparación su forma con reloj sol, lugar superponer eje cronológico el mapa. Los posibles usos instrucción esta analogía se proponen relación finales del siglo XIII. Aunque este no pretende invalidar las conclusiones ya establecidas, sostiene añadir nueva interpretación investigación existente podría enriquecer potencialmente nuestra comprensión los vínculos tiempo y espacio cartografía medieval.KEYWORDS: cartographymappamundiHereford maphistory cartographyMiddle Agessundialspatial-temporalvisual historyrotaecosmic clockhistoria sacra. Disclosure statementno potential conflict interest was reported author.Notes1 As David Woodward says, information mappamundi is ‘a projection history onto geographical framework’. Woodward, ‘Medieval mappaemundi’, History Cartography, vol. 1: Cartography Prehistoric, Ancient Medieval Europe Mediterranean, ed. J. B. Harley (Chicago, University Chicago Press, 1987), 326. For further see Jerry Brotton, A World Twelve Maps (London, Penguin Books, 2012), 102–9; Evelyn Edson, Mapping Time Space: How Mapmakers Viewed Their British Library, 1998), especially 139–44; ‘The view: contemplating mappamundi’, Compass 8–9 (2010): 507–8.2 This based idea I briefly developed my unpublished doctoral thesis, Średniowieczne imago mundi. Aksjosemiotyczna analiza mapy świata z katedry w (Medieval Imago Mundi. Axiosemiotic Analysis Map from Cathedral) (University Wrocław, 2016).3 Among others, (note 1), 102–3, 107; Space 144.4 See Jack Keilo, Map, Jerusalem Again as Centre Translatio Imperii, 04 June 2014 (Centrici, https://centrici.hypotheses.org/584), accessed 9 2021. presence theme also mentioned (see note 103–6; view’ 508.5 Naomi Reed Kline, Wheel Memory: Mappa Mundi (Ann Arbor, Michigan 2001), CD-ROM.6 Jacques Le Goff, Time, Work Culture Middle Ages 1980), 48–49.7 convenience, shall be using horizontal for reference, only because fairly simple has been known since Antiquity (in crudest form consist element plate drawn around it), but visually more similar mappamundi, which makes suitable purposes exercise. Therefore, 12 o’clock would, case, mean noon sundial, same point would mark midnight, is, course, if lack sunlight night time).8 Asa Mittman, Monsters England (New York, Routledge, 2006), 50.9 Katarzyna Zalewska-Lorkiewicz claims depictions exotic tribes, particularly monstrous races, constitute biggest group images among topics present illustrated general. Marina Münkler cites feature maps main reason factoring their dismissal modern historians: ‘another—the factor—was frequent depiction mappae mundi … people. all world, they were almost never absent borders any merely presenting T-O scheme furnished many cartographic illustrations. reason, historians cartography have long considered deeply deficient ’. respectively Zalewska-Lorkiewicz, Ilustrowane jako obraz świata. i początek okresu nowożytnego (Warszawa, DiG, 1997), 119; Münkler, ‘Experiencing strangeness: people edge Earth depicted mundi’, Journal 5 (2002): 195–222, at 195–96.10 8); strangeness’ 9), 195–222; John Block Friedman, Monstrous Races Art Thought (Cambridge, Harvard 1981).11 It one map’s curiosities includes dog-headed tribe twice, two different spots, following literary traditions. According Scott D. Westrem, notion dog-heads living far-eastern near India, can traced back far Cresias (early fifth century bc) probably fused story Indian giants common descriptions adventures Alexander Great. location Fig. 3, no. 3) Pliny Isidore Seville, others. northern-European placement (no. 8, Cynocephales) follows Aethicus Ister. detailed Map. Transcription Translation Legends Commentary (Turnhout, Brepols, 40 (legend 80), 186 442). second fascinating so-called Epistola cynocephalis (Letter dog-heads), 9th-century text Ratramnus Corbie, he answers missionary’s question whether rumoured live Scandinavia evangelized. English translation letter, Paul Edward Dutton, Carolingian Civilization: Reader, 2nd (Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview 2004), 452–55. All legends map quoted (op. cit.). features described legends: Griste, legend 443, p. 187; Turks Terraconta: ‘the lineage Gog Magog, barbarous filthy who eat flesh youths miscarried fetuses’, 302, 137; Scitotauri, 308, 139; Scithari (Scythians): ‘Their customs [even] fiercer. They caves; make drinking cups out heads enemies (not friends, Essendones do). love combat’, 306, Essendones: Scythia here, whose custom accompany parents’ funerals songs and, having assembled tear into bodies teeth solemn feast animal meat mixed human flesh, believing honorable consumed each other worms’, 212, 101.12 ‘This believed river hell, enters sea boiling, cascading Umbrosi mountains, here gapes mouth Gehenna, said’. Quoted 11), 213, 101. Inclusi curiously mirroring drawing dragons southeastern quarter Asia (Fig. 4).13 141–142, pp. 69–71.14 Ibid., 94, 47. Westrem notes, name ‘Scythia’ treated quite loosely writers. On map, several times relation tribes locations, leads conclude case specific ‘synonymous northern Asia’ explicit ‘units’ ‘apportioned ethnic groups found throughout north’ (commentary 40, 22).15 analysing these happy, self-sufficient races both Ebstorf maps, spatial proximity paradise constitutes symbolic linkage: contented, peaceful, apparently untouched original sin, represented paradisiacal life-forms, making loss earthly consequences within terrestrial sphere visible’ (Münkler, 220).16 adorned drawings border, including crowning scene Last Judgement, discuss them consider illustrations beyond rim separate issue deserving own article, need draw focus entirely contexts. readings topic see, example, Valerie I. Flint, map: author(s), scenes border’, Transactions Royal Historical Society, 6th ser., 8:8 (1988): 19–44.17 Vanitas (vanity, emptiness, futility). reference biblical phrase vanitatum omnia vanitas (‘Vanity vanities, vanity’; Ecclesiastes 1:2; 12:8), motif art literature emphasizes ephemerality life fleeting nature pleasures. Works focused usually highly symbolic.18 Summa genre serves didactic purposes. summa (or summula—a sum or total) intended compendium providing summary field’s knowledge even serve kind encyclopaedia.Additional informationNotes contributorsMaria Magdalena Morawiecka▸ Dr Maria Morawiecka freelance academic.

article

Imago Mundi

War and Religion

Peter T. Madsen

In the literary field, intertwinement of war and religion is nowhere as prominent in epic poetry. Within European horizon Christian-Muslim confrontations are prominent, not only chansons de geste Renaissance epics, standard highlights history, but right back to early Muslim-Byzantine Carolingian warfare Iberian Peninsula, well through seventeenth even eighteenth centuries. This chapter explores ways which poetry participates spatial delineations cultural articulations Europe a Christian realm from Peninsula Mediterranean Central Eastern Europe. It also considers variety nuances may be detected beyond overall religious framing conflicts: empathy vis-à-vis enemy articulated, problematic behavior national-imperial soldiery exposed; admiration for aspects Muslim culture – major enemies articulated; furthermore commercial other secular concerns (like piracy) motivate that framed religious.

chapter

Cambridge University Press eBooks

The Homiliary of Paul the Deacon: Religious and Cultural Reform in Carolingian Europe. By ZacharyGuiliano. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers. 2021. 341 pp. $117. ISBN 9782503577913.

Owen M. Phelan

article

Early Medieval Europe

Metalinguistic and Visual Cues to the Co-Occurrence of Latin and Old Polish in the Electronic Repository of Greater Poland Oaths, 1386–1446 (eROThA)

Matylda Włodarczyk|Elżbieta Adamczyk

Multilingual handwritten texts offer fruitful ground for study into the visual aspects of co-occurrence languages, i.e. pragmatics on page (Carroll et al. 2013). This chapter draws Electronic Repository Greater Poland Oaths, 1386–1446 (eROThA) based oldest collection secular from medieval Poland, attesting vernacular beyond glosses. Although this early court documentation was written predominantly in Latin, it includes Old Polish witness oaths which may be metatextually and/or visually delimited. The repository gives access to lesser known, specialised administrative East-Central Europe, enriched with information drawn facsimiles original manuscripts. In terms language devices, oath tends marked by means items characterised code ambiguity. Visually, boundary marking differs salience, ranging text blocking, is visible level mise en page, features punctuation script subtle separation effects. focuses former type and discourse boundary, viewed as interfaces its bilingual nature modality organisation. A quantification patterns allows an exploration temporal regional variation reflected six localisations eROThA over a period 60 years.

chapter

Routledge eBooks

Image and Ornament in the Early Medieval West

Matthias G. Friedrich

Scholarship often treats the post-Roman art produced in central and north-western Europe as representative of pagan identities new 'Germanic' rulers early medieval world. In this book, Matthias Friedrich offers a critical reevaluation ethnic religious categories that still inform our understanding archaeology. He scrutinises visual culture by combining archaeological approaches with historical methods based on contemporary theory. examines transformation Roman imperial images, together contemporary, highly ornamented material is epitomized 'animal art.' Through rigorous analysis range objects, he demonstrates how these pathways an aesthetic promoted variety (varietas), cross-cultural concept bridged various Mediterranean worlds.

book

Wine and France: A Brief History

Stefan K. Estreicher

The earliest archaeological evidence of wine making in Southern France is dated 425 bce . Viticulture was present along the Mediterranean coast when Romans arrived (second century ) and flourished everywhere by time they left (fifth ce ). For several centuries, long-distance trade virtually disappeared infrastructure fell apart. Profitable viticulture remained mostly local concentrated hands wealthy nobility Church. After turn first Millennium, towns became cities a middle-class emerged. In twelfth century, with England gained importance. Wines were shipped from Rouen, Nantes, La Rochelle, later Bordeaux. Monastic orders controlled most fertile land, especially Champagne Burgundy. thirteenth Languedoc part France. During Avignon papacy, new vineyards planted, particular Châteauneuf-du-Pape. Renaissance, scientific studies gradually improved wine-making. Ultimately, fermentation understood. Dutch greatly expanded trade. Then, intentionally bubbly wines, distilled noble-rot wines made. Informal rankings Bordeaux led to famous 1855 classification. late nineteenth nature-made catastrophes, phylloxera, transformed into largest wine-importing country world. Sub-standard blended common, hurting reputation all French wines. two world wars, Great Depression Prohibition shrunk market for way out involved strict quality-control measures hard work. next problem could well be global warming.

article

European Review

The Politics of Relics: The Charisma of Rulers and Martyrs in the Middle Ages

Montserrat Herrero

Among the symbols used for representing power in Middle Ages were relics of saints and martyrs. When it came to political power, one most cherished symbolic instruments achieve legitimation power. However, no texts from can be found that reflect practice associating with Rather, we have assume or derive reflection indirectly through narratives stories around present culture religion time. This article reflects on use a theological–political perspective: What kind acts relics? meaning is embodied their them? The thesis will defend politics leads resignification idea Ages, which closely connected charisma originating writings Apostle Paul.

article

Religions

Jean Mabillon and the Debate on the Regular Origins of Secular Canonesses in Seventeenth-Century France

STEVEN VANDERPUTTEN

This paper reviews the classic perception that debate on regular origins of secular canonesses in early modern France consisted a clash between authors who sought to legitimise members’ current status and privileges, prominent scholars such as Jean Mabillon whose sole aim was present truthful account past. Through case study abbey Remiremont it shows local commentators gained nuanced understanding community's past identities, while others relied second-hand arguments flawed methods make for reform.

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The Journal of Ecclesiastical History|Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)|Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)

The Notion of Vigilance in Medieval Canon Law

Antonia Fiori

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De Gruyter eBooks|IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)

The diachronic trend of female and male stature in Milan over 2000 years

Lucie Biehler‐Gomez|Beatrice Del Bo|Daniele Petrosino|Paolo Morandini|Mirko Mattia|Luca Palazzolo|Uliano Guerrini|Cristina Cattaneo

Stature is a biological trait directly determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental components. As such, it often evaluated as an indicator for reconstruction skeletal profiles, past health, social dynamics human populations. Based on analysis 549 skeletons from CAL (Collezione Antropologica LABANOF), study diachronic trend male female adult stature in Milan (Italy) being proposed here, covering time span about 2000 years, ranging Roman era to present-days. The skeletons, necropolises dedicated less wealthy classes Milanese society, were assigned one following five historical periods: Era (first-fifth centuries AD), Early Middle Ages (sixth-tenth Late (eleventh-fifteenth Modern (sixteenth-eighteenth AD) Contemporary (nineteenth-twentieth their was estimated according regression formulae Trotter (1970). collected data then subjected statistical analyses with ANOVA using R software. Although values showed ample standard deviation all periods, that did not significantly vary across periods both sexes. This rare studies showing no changes Europe.

article

Scientific Reports|Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)|PubMed Central|PubMed

Flip - Reading processes when reading mirrored script

Katharina Pittrich

Es besteht ein allgemeiner Konsens darüber, dass die orthographische Verarbeitung tief in der Struktur des visuellen Systems verwurzelt ist. Ein zentraler Aspekt, bei besonders wichtig ist, ist sogenannte Spiegel-Invarianz. Das Tendenz, visuelle Objekte und deren Spiegelbild gleichwertig zu behandeln. Die meisten Kleinbuchstaben modernen lateinischen Alphabets wurden so konzipiert, sie von links nach rechts oben unten gelesen werden können. Dies hat zur Folge, einige Buchstaben, vor allem "b", "d", "p" "q", reversibel sind. heißt, sie, je Ausrichtung, unterschiedlich interpretiert werden, obwohl gleiche Form haben. 5 bis 6-jährige Kinder spiegeln häufig genau diese reversiblen jedoch auch andere. bekanntes Phänomen, was allgemeinen, Mechanismen Spiegel-Invarianz zugeschrieben wird. Dieses Verhalten verschwindet allerdings meist im Alter 8 Jahren wieder spontan. Man nimmt an, hauptsächlich Spiegelungen über vertikale (rechts-links) Achse erfolgt mit dem Erwerb Lesens verlernt, unterdrückt oder gehemmt Jüngste Forschungen haben anhand Priming-Verfahren - frühe, automatische Phasen Worterkennung untersuchen gezeigt, selbst geübte, erwachsene Leser beim Lesen unbewusst immer noch Buchstaben spiegeln. In diesem Zusammenhang sich Wörter nur aus nicht bestehen (z. B. e, r, c, s), Priming-Effekte erzeugen (d. h. fördern Worterkennung), während Wörter, enthalten b, d, p, q), keine dadurch eine gewisse hemmende Wirkung auf wirft mehrere Fragen auf. Erstens: Könnte Spiegelanfälligkeit Wörtern Eigenschaft sein, Effizienz beeinflusst? Zweitens, beschränken unwillkürliche Buchstabenverwechslungen (z.B. b vs. d) treten solche horizontalen (von unten) p)? Drittens: Wenn Spiegelungseffekte absichtlich durch Spiegelung innerhalb eines Wortes herbeigeführt wirkt dann Erkennung einzelner aus? Oder wird das Wort schon erkannt, bevor alle einzelnen identifiziert wurden? Zur Beantwortung dieser drei Studien durchgeführt. erste war maskierte Priming-Studie, Schwerpunkt zeitlichen Ursprung Priming Effekts gespiegelten frühen, automatischen Verarbeitungsphase lag, sowie Richtung Effekts. Dazu wurde untersucht, ob sowohl vertikal als horizontal gespiegelte an- hand zweier verschiedener Aufgaben untersucht: Einer Aufgabe, lexikalischen Prozesse untersucht (Lexikalische Entscheidungsaufgabe) einer prälexikalische (Same-different Match Task). Ergebnisse zeigen, Spiegel-Priming-Effekte beiden Spiegelachsen auftreten Natur prälexikalisch Insbesondere Nicht-Wörtern (die lexikalische Repräsentation haben), sind reduziert, wenn den verwendeten Stimuli spiegelanfällige q, f, t, u, n). deutet darauf hin, allgemeine vertikal, wirken einen Einfluss Wortverarbeitung Um untersuchen, Wortlesezeiten Erwachsenen beeinflusst, Studie 3, verschiedene Experimente Zuerst einem buchstaben- basierten Score quantifiziert (Exp 1). Zweitens Zielwörtern Grundlage Scores manipuliert, Entscheidungsaufgabe hoher niedriger eingeteilt 2). Drittens Blickbewegungen TeilnehmerInnen aufgezeichnet, Exp 3 Sätze eingebettet worden waren, Stillen lasen. deuten ihrer erheblich variieren durchschnittliche Wortes, Wortlesezeit beeinflusst. 2 befasste Frage, herbeigeführten Spiegel-Interferenzeffekte, visuell-orthografische beschränken, Spiegel-Interferenzeffekte auswirken. Buchstabenspiegelungen spätere, sprachbezogene auswirken, kaskadenartige Verarbeitungsarchitektur hindeutet. Zusammengenommen bieten umfassenden Überblick Art Verlauf Spiegelkonfusionen erwachsenen Lesern. Auf stelle ich dar, wie kaskadierte Modelle Spiegeleffekte Verarbeitungseinheiten hinweg erklären meine rein Verarbeitungsphase, gespiegelt werden. späteren Phase orthografischen Verarbeitung, einzelne führen Interferenzeffekten, Wortebene Diese Interferenzeffekte stärker ausgeprägt geringer Spiegelanfälligkeit. Forschungsarbeit liefert umfassende empirische Belege theoretischen Rahmen, unser Verständnis darüber erweitert, ob, wann Leseprozess beeinflussen.

dissertation

History, Scripture and Authority in the Carolingian World

Sam Ottewill‐Soulsby

"History, Scripture and Authority in the Carolingian World." History: Reviews of New Books, 51(2), pp. 23–24

article

History: Reviews of New Books

Die Stimmen der Eroberten bei Ermoldus Nigellus

Anne Foerster

The voices of the people who were conquered by Carolingians are usually silent. We lacking contemporary sources to tell us how Saxons, Bretons, and even Langobards felt when they faced threat military invasion foreign rule, judged their position rights opponent seize authority over them. Bearing in mind fluidity attributions such as conquerors conquered, this paper suggests looking for answers within abundance Frankish source material, since mighty Franks experienced setbacks losses therefore able imagine themselves place adversaries. Using panegyric poem written Ermoldus Nigellus Louis Pious, shows what ideas had about being purpose author evoked these notions.

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De Gruyter eBooks

The Pyrenean Peninsula (with its northern foothills)

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

North Africa

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

The main characters

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

Results

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

The Orient

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

Non-Christian ideas

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De Gruyter eBooks

Christian ideas

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

Geographical details and minor figures

chapter

De Gruyter eBooks

A Cyborg Initiation? Liturgy and Gender in Carolingian East Francia 1

Felice Lifshitz

chapter

Routledge eBooks

Monastic Centres in the Early Middle Ages

Chapter 2 explores the music produced in monastic institutions of ninth- to eleventh-century Europe. Describing context Carolingian Empire, and renaissance learning, literacy, writing that it brought about, we look at some earliest examples musical notation from this vast region We examine Latin songs, or versus, monasteries, charting their wide range themes possible functions life. Our evidence polyphonic singing church comes theory texts dating ninth century onwards: consider what these can tell us about improvised practice organum (or parallel organum) singing, provide a practical exercise for readers try improvising themselves. Further tenth eleventh centuries document changing approaches over period, finally how related actual practice, by looking first surviving polyphony medieval

chapter

Cambridge University Press eBooks

Bishops under Pressure: Priests and Episcopal Authority in Carolingian Francia

Charles Mériaux

In the eyes of historians, threat to bishops during Early Middle Ages is generally embodied by higher authorities, civil or ecclesiastical: king, pope and archbishop, as shown presentations great crises that led, for example, deposition Hincmar Laon Rothade Soissons under aegis archbishop King Charles Bald. However, ninth century also saw intervention an increasingly autonomous actor who claimed a participation in diocesan affairs which could even cause difficulties bishop: this was local clergy more precisely installed countryside, whose means action are becoming better known thanks work Steffen Patzold Carin Van Rhijn. This paper will therefore focus on cases province Reims show how clerics were able put pressure their bishop, whether it be priests invited 861 testify favour one number against bishop at provincial synod; The compiling singular canonical collection spring 869; priest Trisingus forced justify himself rather piteously Pope Hadrian II autumn 871.

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De Gruyter eBooks

From identity to transcendence: A semiotic approach to the survival of the Carolingian cycle in the Brazilian cultural heritage

Ricardo Nogueira de Castro Monteiro

After eight centuries of coexistence under Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula, once glamorously celebrated figure Moor gradually assumed role otherness Christian imagery - a dysphoric synthesis that led to identity construction so-called “enemy Christendom”. The Cheganca is musical drama with choreographic and poetic interludes describing adventures vessel attacked by ship but ending up winning battle converting Saracens Christianism. This article shows presents significant traits Carolingian cycle form themes, figures even textual fragments alluding combats between Charlemagne’s Twelve Peers their opponents. Organized according semiotic square opposing inclusion segregation, displays beaten Moors having choose two forms exclusion: baptism segregation followed assimilation or death ultimate annihilation. But abandon former values expressed not as loss previous identity, transcendence “state sin”. Such an expression Volksgeist develops throughout most its colonies, representing metaphorical promise frequently majoritarian non-white non-Christian communities accept “transcend” identities expecting pass from initial phase one might allegedly lead them full acceptance dominators sadly still be fulfilled.

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De Gruyter eBooks

Corporal Punishment at Work in the Early Middle Ages: The Frankish Kingdoms (Sixth through Tenth Centuries)

Alice Rio

Abstract This article deals with a paradox. Evidence for the punishment of workers during early Middle Ages is richer in earlier period (sixth and seventh centuries), when rural are generally thought to have been least oppressed; by contrast, direct discussion subject largely drops out record Carolingian era (eighth tenth despite clear evidence renewed intensification economic exploitation both lay religious lordships over same period. Whereas slaves had once provided richly productive metaphor thinking through issues moral authority legitimate leadership, moralists commentators no longer took as meaningful model other, more morally or religiously motivated practices punishment. Despite interest non-exploitative contexts, lords’ their were taken meaning, whether positive negative. The relationship lords lowest-ranking dependents defined illustrated power way that it Roman late antique paterfamilias. One reason this was increasing tension perceived between profit-seeking correct, justified exercise punishment: two kept at arms’ length writers surprising extent.

article

International Review of Social History

Carolingian, adj. &amp; n.

chapter

Oxford University Press eBooks

Confronting Crisis in the Carolingian Empire: Paschasius Radbertus' Funeral Oration for Wala of Corbie by Mayke de Jong and Justin Lake (review)

Reviewed by: Confronting Crisis in the Carolingian Empire: Paschasius Radbertus' Funeral Oration for Wala of Corbie by Mayke de Jong and Justin Lake Andrew Romig Corbie. Translated annotated Lake. (Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2020. Pp. xx, 264. £19.99. ISBN: 9781526134844.) Empire presents a welcome new translation one ninth century's more enigmatic literary texts, "Funeral Wala" (Epitaphium Arsenii) Radbertus. Until now, Anglophone Carolingianists have appreciatively consulted venerable, if sometimes eccentric, Allen Cabaniss, Charlemagne's Cousins (Syracuse, 1967). offer scholars alternative to Cabaniss that manages be at same time consistently legible stylistically representative Paschasius's original Latinity. Abbot (d. 836) was cousin close confidant Charlemagne, who served emperor his imperial successor, Louis Pious, sundry roles before being implicated two rebellions against took place 830 833. The Epitaphium represents attempt rehabilitate former abbot's reputation. De argue wrote parts distinct political moments. first part, written during 830s soon after rebellions, makes case Wala's exemplary life virtues as servant God empire. second very different from first, comprises fiery retrospective final years 850s, when he felt freer speak openly pillory detractors enemies. full text provides, therefore, unique witness troubles this period, reflecting both chaos Louis's decade sorrowful modes which society later made sense it. After useful biographical index Epitaphium's dramatis personae, scholarly introduction offers summary text's narrative, history its central figures events, brief overview relevant research date. Sections ably analyze distinctive composition, style, language within broader context early corpus—Paschasius chose write account prose dialogue, characters often borrow wholesale ancient Roman theater. Specialist readers will wish read alongside Jong's most recent monograph, Epitaph an Era (Cambridge, [End Page 396] 2019), she her extended on historical moment it speaks. Of particular interest Latinists, furthermore, Lake's discussion parallels with Ambrose Milan's excessu fratris sui Satyri, funeral oration composed year 378 occasion own brother's death. Connections earlier gone virtually unnoticed previous editors translators Epitaphium. Yet extensive intertextual borrowing (made patent notes body translation) proves crucial arguments planned composition books. In sum, provided readable erudite update companion Cabaniss's work. open arms fresh scholarship no doubt facilitate inspire. Radbertus's art is certainly rich enough sustain further attention. New York Copyright © 2023 Catholic America Press

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Catholic Historical Review

Catholicism and pan-European identity from Schuman to Orbán

Mark Cauchi

The aim of this article is to examine the role Catholic political thought in relation history European integration and show how shift away from communitarian tradition by mainstream social democratic conservative parties can help explain rise populism. idea Europe as a unified entity has always been grounded its Christian character, was basis Democratic pan-European project EU’s ‘founding fathers’ mid-twentieth century. both economic liberalism ensuing years led disconnect between establishment – who remain largely supportive growing numbers disaffected citizens. A refocusing narrative on continent’s (and Social) traditions could halt advance populist-nationalism Eurosceptic parties.

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Australian and New Zealand journal of European studies

Preface to the Edition and Translation of the Old Frisian Main Text

Han Nijdam

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BRILL eBooks|KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW))

Architecture, Engineering and Building Science: The Contemporary Relevance of Vitruvius’s De Architectura

Lino Bianco

Conferences worldwide focus on a range of disciplines relating to the construction built environment. They tend emphasize either art or science building, former focusing architectural theory and design while latter targets topics from civil and/or building engineering physics. Vitruvius’s De Architectura Libri Decem is seminal treatise more than two millennia old which addresses these themes in holistic manner. This text remains valid today for students professionals engaged architecture engineering. Translated as Ten Books Architecture, it not only presents an overall view town planning, engineering, along with qualifications required practice them, but also materials, civil-engineering structures influencing buildings. Although grounded technology Ancient Rome, principles put forward this are still nowadays effective, sustainable architectural-engineering based rigorous education good knowledge materials construction. definition architecture—the one customarily used—is inclusive philosophical statement essence humanity house humanity. It recalls symbiotic relation between that often forgotten contemporary emphasis specialization.

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Sustainability

Book Review: Christoph Haack, Die Krieger der Karolinger

Jürg Gassmann

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Acta Periodica Duellatorum

Abbesses and Their Fighting Men

Jürg Gassmann

The position of male ecclesiastical princes – bishops and abbots as integral elements Carolingian military organisation is well established. Less investigated the corresponding role female princes, abbesses. This article demonstrates that function abbesses was not materially different to their colleagues-in-office, tracks legal political development into High Middle Ages considers some ramifications our findings. In particular, we conclude convents were politically powerful integrated secular organisation, but within context polity played a power-neutralising stabilising role.

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Acta Periodica Duellatorum

Medicine, Logic, or Metaphysics?

Karin Verelst

We tend to study fight books in isolation, which explains why it is so difficult understand the precise place they occupy sociocultural and historical fabric of their time. By doing so, we may miss many clues contain about owner, local society, intended purpose. In order unlock this information, need them broader context. This requires background research skills that are not always easily accessible everyone. To illustrate point, article show some detail what required make sense claim Aristotelian philosophy science influenced medieval relevant ways, understanding influence helps us better per se. give an outline general framework, apply a test case: Talhoffer’s Thott 290 2° Ms., with interesting results. Our hope framework be use other researchers HEMA Studies who want dig deeper into sources interest them.

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Acta Periodica Duellatorum

Frisian Land Law: A Critical Edition and Translation of the &lt;i&gt;Freeska Landriucht&lt;/i&gt;

Around 1485, the age-old compilation of Old Frisian customary law, partly dating back to 11th century, was put into print. Latin glosses were included in text with references Canon and Roman law. This gloss tradition had come being during 13th 14th centuries. incunable came be known as Freeska Landriucht or Land Law. book presents its first edition an English translation.

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BRILL eBooks

Michelangelo, Lambert Lombard, and the Inalienable Gift of Drawing

Edward H. Wouk

Abstract In two exceptional drawings, the Netherlandish artist Lambert Lombard responded to famous studies of Christ’s Passion that Michelangelo produced as gifts for Roman noblewoman Vittoria Colonna between circa 1538 and 1541. This article investigates nature drawing gift in work both artists, with respect practices giving, reciprocity, talent. context his participation circle around embattled English cardinal Reginald Pole, Lombard’s drawings engage theological artistic significance Michelangelo’s studies, particularly their depiction salvation a beyond recompense. response reflects position northern European working period intense crisis about function art systems belief.

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Zeitschrift Fur Kunstgeschichte

Agricultural Intensification and the Evidence from Offsite Survey Archaeology

John Bintliff

Abstract The enhancement of crop yields through manuring has been attested since early farming prehistory in many parts the world. This article reviews history research into potential archaeological evidence for this practice Europe, Mediterranean lands and Near East. focus is on interpretation ceramic data recovered surface field surveys conducted 1950 what sorts activities may be plausibly inferred from them. examines origins model, objections to it, recent analyses which again strengthen it. A particular case-study protohistoric historic periods Greece. methodological empirical arguments tend strongly reaffirm importance artificial agrarian regimes all periods, its significance furthering understandings economic demographic prehistory.

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Journal of World Prehistory

«Ipse transfert regna et mutat tempora». Urbano II e la crociata: una revisione

Antônio Marcos

Il pensiero di Urbano II è stato al centro numerosi studi, volti pricipalmente a comprendere la genesi della spedizione gerosolimitana del 1096-1099. L’articolo riesamina le fonti urbaniane, con particolare riguardo all’epistolario papale, sottolineando peculiari posizioni papali nell’ambito “riforma ecclesiastica” dell’XI secolo. Quella specifica forma guerra che definiamo “crociata” – termine sconosciuto ai contemporanei fu, anzitutto, un mezzo per riportare in seno alla “cattolicità” antiche sedi episcopali, sia Europa, nel Mediterraneo, Asia, senza distinzioni. Lo scopo tale costruzione, innanzitutto ideologica, da ricercarsi nella progressiva costruzione primato petrino, contrapposizione fra il clero riformatore, quello imperiale e greco.

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De medio aevo

Sprachen der Wachsamkeit

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De Gruyter eBooks|IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)|Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)

Finland and Military Volunteers in the Swedish Fascist Imaginary, 1809–1944

Nathaniël Kunkeler

Abstract This article explores the place of Finland and Swedish military volunteers 1918 civil war, 1939–44 Finno-Soviet wars, in fascist imaginary. The loss to Russia 1809 was heavily romanticized nationalist culture, shaped responses both conflicts, mediated through famous literary works which encouraged a sense shame betrayal. Through examination historical relationship between two countries, volunteer effort 1918, subsequent emergence fascism interwar period, it is shown that this imaginary Finnish–Swedish strongly fascism. traces key veterans various organizations, symbolic appropriation veterans. Rather than comparatively peaceful manifestation neutral Sweden, possessed militarized rooted violent proxy conflicts its former eastern borderlands – regard also showed substantial overlap with conservative nationalism.

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The Historical Journal

Experiences Between Nature Conservation and Archaeology in the Old Water System of Southern Hesse (Hesse, Germany)

Thomas Becker

The landscape of southern Hesse is characterised by many old watercourses. These are areas worthy protection for both nature conservation and monument protection. On the one hand, they provide special conditions flora fauna related to water bodies; on other from an archaeological point view, watercourses traffic routes, habitats, sacrificial sites archives history landscape. requirements interests leads synergies, but also disagreements problems in dealing with protected areas. Experiences resulting cooperation discussed this article, as well approaches solutions improving joint action.

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Internet Archaeology

Visual Translation: Illuminated Manuscripts and the First French Humanists by Anne D. Hedeman

Anne Rochebouet

Reviewed by: Visual Translation: Illuminated Manuscripts and the First French Humanists by Anne D. Hedeman Rochebouet Humanists. By Hedeman. University of Notre Dame Press, 2022. Hedeman's Translation, adapted from a series lectures at in 2013, arises her extensive research on early humanism its material reception through study humanist book production. In this very engaging abundantly illustrated book, she, part, draws expands previously published material, creating cohesive, convincing lavishly illuminated manuscripts, that were produced for courtly audiences but closely associated with two well-known figures fifteenth century, Laurent de Premierfait Jean Lebègue. Chapter 1 begins brief presentation Parisian network century known involvement Lebègue The chapter puts into perspective role they played as voluntary intermediaries between, one hand, Latin classics (Cicero, Sallust, Statius, Terence) or Italian contemporary literature (Boccaccio) and, other their contemporaneous princely audience. argues humanists became gradually aware way which images more generally, manuscripts' mise-en-page mise-en-texte could be crucial aid understanding interpreting content (a process she calls, following Claire Richter Sherman, visual translation). This held true particularly texts culturally and/or chronologically removed environment originally received. considers how shaped access to these audience was used books, chapters focus links manuscripts classics. 2 examines Premierfait's production, between 1405 1407, luxurious copied same scribe, who also worked him. first—London, British Library, Burney MS. 257—contains 129 illuminations illustrating Statius's Thebaid Achilleid. second—a copy Terence's [End Page 144] Comedies decorated 142 (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale France, lat. 7907A)—was New Year's gift Martin Gouge John Berry 1408. Although contain (school favorites circles), were, time, notably absent aristocratic libraries. Courtly familiar stories Thebes Troy primarily adaptations, such Histoire ancienne jusqu'à César Romans d'antiquité. As points out, studied here had both invent entirely new cycles. Earlier copies Statius mostly devoid illustrations; works Terence, contrast, rich iconographic tradition since Carolingian period, inspired, then, made late antiquity, not designed specifically studies cycles detail, always close relation text mediate. She shows pictures are an integral part critical apparatus is intended facilitate readers' text. volume, example, contains no rubrics; illuminations, open all Achilleid Thebaid, give readers structure apprehend text, alongside summaries prose volume. images, Comedies, placed beginning each scene play medieval costumes artistic conventions identify characters' roles social statuses. visualizing classical fifteenth-century frame reference, work make past present understanding. 3 focuses Lebègue's development large cycle Sallust's Conspiracy Catiline Jugurthine War. (Other densely Sallust did exist century.) addition unique set directions how...

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Digital philology

The pedagogical dimension of the physical learning environment in the university system

Lucia Cepraga|Elena Gogoi

Nowadays there are unlimited opportunities to learn anytime and anywhere, in various environments, whether physical or digital, formal, informal, non-formal. The teaching staff aims create a learning environment that facilitates, stimulates, optimizes the students' abilities easily adapt dynamic changes of society. present paper showcases context as dimension environment. It is commonly accepted classroom represents an agent change. has also been assumed each adjustment will produce deep transformations education system. Moreover, space reconceptualize entire educational philosophy. Living highly globalized digitalized era, explored from perspective introducing dual at university level, both Academy Economic Studies Moldova Technical University Moldova. framework professional technical adopted platform enables universities prepare students fully equipped for their jobs. approach analysed strengthening student since it provides real-life makes learners combine theory with practice. While theoretical courses carried out university, traditional lecture halls labs, practical classes organized company. partnerships between industry only contribute forging synergy modern, practice, environments. Through this form learning, our be more connected labour market, academic manage efficient impactful process.

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Friendship in the Correspondence of Alcuin of York

Martin Šenk

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Studia theologica

Intercultural Dialogue as a Way Out of the Present Crisis

Franco Ferrarotti

We live in a technical age. That is to say, modern societies have adopted technological innovation as guide-principle. But technique perfection without an aim. It can only control its internal operations. the eternal return of identical. Hence, general feeling social disorientation and anxiety. Moreover, nuclear age such ours, there no guarantee survival for mankind. From diachronic historical process, we are synchronic one. All cultures be considered at same level. The way out dialogue, intercultural relations, based on concept «cultural co-tradition».

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Academicus : International Scientific Journal

Introduction

Carine van Rhijn

This chapter sets out to challenge current interpretations of Carolingian culture, and especially its perceived correctio (correction), reform or renaissance. It maintains that in the past, too much emphasis has been placed on central agency kings their direct entourages, although a wider group (mostly anonymous) people was actively involved moral improvement society. Secondly, idea creation uniformity one intended outcome needs re-assessment. Instead reading variety as 'failed uniformisation', it should instead be considered cultural wealth pluriformity. In early medieval eyes, other words, 'correct' practices could take many different shapes forms. Thirdly, terms generally used discuss culture (reform, correctio, renaissance) are inheritance long historiographical tradition. As result nineteenth twentieth century convictions, such come with set connotations which distort primary sources period itself.

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Manchester University Press eBooks

Early Medieval Militarisation. Edited by ElloraBennett, Guido M.Berndt, StefanEsders and LaurySarti. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2021. xv + 367 pp. £90. ISBN 9781526138620.

Eric J. Goldberg

While the Transformation of Roman World project (1993–1998) made vital contributions to our understanding transition from Antiquity Middle Ages, it neglected important subjects warfare, violence and military institutions. The exciting new collection Early Medieval Militarisation goes a long way filling this lacuna through twenty stimulating essays by junior senior scholars. contributors all reject simplistic explanations era as one characterized ‘barbarization’ or ‘Germanization’. Instead, they adopt framework ‘militarization’, that is, process which civilian populations increasingly ‘lived in close proximity potential threat itself’ (pp. 1–2). editors take their starting point definition militarization offered Edward James his 1997 article ‘The Society’. argued militarized societies exhibit range characteristics, including no clear distinction between soldiers civilians political leaders, right freemen carry arms obligation certain social strata (especially nobles) perform service, widespread use martial symbolism private life, glorification virtues (p. 10). Using James's concept historical process, seek answer question, ‘How did these changes impact society?’ 2). authors offer wide case studies about end pax Romana Eurasia historical, archaeological literary perspectives, draw on variety evidence chronicles, law codes, capitularies, administrative documents, letters, papyri archaeology. They explore late Byzantine empires well Ostrogothic, Lombard, Visigothic, Anglo-Saxon, Merovingian Carolingian kingdoms. In spite geographic chronological breadth, fact most explicitly implicitly gives volume unusually strong cohesion makes possible interesting comparisons. introduction conclusion Guy Halsall nicely frame further enhance overall coherence. Manchester University Press has produced an attractive with many good maps, figures, tables illustrations. organize into four sections: 1) Military Society, 2) Warfare 3) Ethics War, 4) Perceptions Warrior. first two sections militarization, organization, relations different regions: Anatolia (Philip Rance) Arabia (Conor Whately), Ostrogothic Lombard Italy (Kai Grundmann, Guido M. Berndt Stefano Gasparri), Alfred Great's Wessex (Ryan Lavelle), Visigothic Spain (Pablo Poveda Arias), west Francia (Luc Bourgeois Simon Coupland). Standout half include Rance's discussion east service middle period, Bourgeois's survey Frankish fortifications era, Coupland's arguments for pragmatic non-military strategies Charles Bald Lothar I against vikings. As aside, Rance Gasparri's discussions reforms 40, 158) suggest intriguing models adiutorium-system mobilization introduced Charlemagne. last concentrate mentalities perceptions. Once again, chronological, geographical topical scope is impressive: frontier Austrasia (Stefan Esders); ideology warfare under Merovingians (Edward James), Anglo-Saxons (Ellora Bennett), Carolingians (Hans-Werner Goetz, Uta Heil Thomas Wittkamp); significance male female burials (Benjamin Hamm, Susanne Brather-Walter Michel Summer). Highlights second Esders's analysis how legislation helped eastern Austrasia, rejoinder Walter Goffart's contention heroic values were conspicuously absent age Gregory Tours, Goetz's ‘holy’ ‘religious’ Carolingians, Wittkamp's elucidation Notker's defence Fat's 882 peace treaty vikings Gesta Karoli. provides thoughtful he problematizes contributors’ assumption quantifiable process. He calls attention heightened emphasis themes graves tends reflect, not growing but rather moments crisis when previous norms coming stress. concludes should be understood at all, ‘complex discourse elite power culture, simple notion “militarisation” – especially if envisaged straightforward linear wholly insufficient capture’ 340). ambitious scope, inevitably finds some shortcomings. One notes conspicuous absence Muslim world, wish more had discussed details logistics raising, supplying, transporting housing troops impacted politics, society economy. But such criticisms detract impressive achievements Militarization, opens avenues investigation future research. It must-read historians early medieval society.

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Early Medieval Europe

W. A. Mozart’s Litaniae lauretanae Compositions and the Loreto Pilgrimage

Nils Holger Petersen

The Litaniae lauretanae (the Litany of Loreto), a Marian litany with medieval roots, has been set numerous times in polyphony, as well grand settings soloists and orchestra, to be performed all over Catholic Europe. Famous musicians who composed the Loreto include Orlando di Lasso, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Claudio Monteverdi, Heinrich Biber, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. This article discusses Mozart’s two that were May 1771 1774. analysis parts light historical background pilgrimages litany’s ritual musical uses highlights some their remarkable features. It is argued settings, more than any other major contemporary ones, constitute reenactments experience.

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Eventum A Journal of Medieval Arts & Rituals

Willehalm—Genealogical Dimension of Sponsoring Poetry

Klára Berzeviczy|Gyula Pályi

The medieval respect towards progenitors induced not only sentimental feelings but also practical steps, such as sponsoring works of art. In the present study, family connections Landgrave Hermann I Thuringia to Carolingians and (Saint) Guillaume/Guilhem d’Orange, from Counts Autun, have been explored. possibility role these kinships a “driving force” behind initiating epos Willehalm Wolfram von Eschenbach has analyzed.

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Genealogy