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[ "He later adopted the name Edgar Harburg, and came to be best known as Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg. He attended Townsend Harris High School, where he and Ira Gershwin, who bonded over a shared fondness for Gilbert and Sullivan, worked on the school paper and became lifelong friends.", "Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers) Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for \"Happiness is a Thing Called Joe\" Post-retirement or posthumous credits: A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for Over the Rainbow Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist Broadway musicals Hooray for What! (1937) - lyricist and originator Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009 Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist Films Moonlight and Pretzels (1933) The Singing Kid (1936) Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936) The Wizard of Oz (1939) At the Circus (1939) Babes on Broadway (1941) Ship Ahoy (1942) Cabin in the Sky (1943) (Harburg's song \"Aint It The Truth\", expressing religious skepticism, was removed) Can't Help Singing (1944) Gay Purr-ee (1962) Finian's Rainbow (1968) Books Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965) At This Point in Rhyme (1976) References Further reading Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg.", "with composer Lewis Gensler (as above, 1932) \"April in Paris\" with Vernon Duke (1932) \"It's Only a Paper Moon\" with Harold Arlen (1933) \"Then I'll Be Tired of You\" with Arthur Schwartz (1934) \"Last Night When We Were Young\" with composer Harold Arlen (1935) \"Down with Love\" with Harold Arlen (1937) \"Over the Rainbow\" with Harold Arlen (1939) \"We're Off to See the Wizard\" with Harold Arlen (1939) \"Lydia the Tattooed Lady\" with Harold Arlen (1939) \"Happiness Is a Thing Called Joe\" with Harold Arlen (1943) \"Salome\" with Roger Edens (1943) (for the movie Du Barry Was a Lady) \"The Eagle and Me\" with Harold Arlen (1944) \"How Are Things in Glocca Morra?\" with Burton Lane (1946) \"Old Devil Moon\" with Burton Lane (1947) \"When the Idle Poor Become the Idle Rich\" with Burton Lane (1947) \"Free and Equal Blues\" performed by Josh White \"And Russia Was Her Name\" with Jerome Kern (1943) Broadway revues Earl Carroll's Sketchbook of 1929 (1929) - co-composer and co-lyricist with Jay Gorney Garrick Gaieties (1930) - contributing lyricist Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1930 (1930) - contributing songwriter The Vanderbilt Revue (1930) - contributing lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1931 (1931) - featured lyricist for \"Mailu\" Shoot the Works (1931) - contributing composer and lyricist Ballyhoo of 1932 (1932) - lyricist Americana (1932) - lyricist.", "The Revue include \"Brother Can You Spare a Dime?\" Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers) Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for \"Happiness is a Thing Called Joe\" Post-retirement or posthumous credits: A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for Over the Rainbow Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist Broadway musicals Hooray for What!", "Hollywood and Broadway Harburg and Gorney were offered a contract with Paramount: in Hollywood, Harburg worked with composers Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Jule Styne, and Burton Lane, and later wrote the lyrics for The Wizard of Oz, one of the earliest known \"integrated musicals,\" for which he won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow.\" Of his work on The Wizard of Oz, his son (and biographer) Ernie Harburg has said: Working in Hollywood did not stop Harburg's career on Broadway.", "Blacklisting Although never a member of the Communist Party (he was a member of the Socialist Party, and joked that \"Yip\" referred to the Young People's Socialist League, nicknamed the \"Yipsels\") he had been involved in radical groups, and he was blacklisted. Harburg was named in a pamphlet Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television; his involvement with the Hollywood Democratic Committee, and his refusal to identify reputed communists, led to him being blocked from working in Hollywood films, television, and radio for twelve full years, from 1950 to 1962.", "It was made into a film in 1968 starring Fred Astaire and Petula Clark, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Blacklisting Although never a member of the Communist Party (he was a member of the Socialist Party, and joked that \"Yip\" referred to the Young People's Socialist League, nicknamed the \"Yipsels\") he had been involved in radical groups, and he was blacklisted.", "External links The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS \"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz\", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow .", "(1937) - lyricist and originator Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009 Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist Films Moonlight and Pretzels (1933) The Singing Kid (1936) Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936) The Wizard of Oz (1939) At the Circus (1939) Babes on Broadway (1941) Ship Ahoy (1942) Cabin in the Sky (1943) (Harburg's song \"Aint It The Truth\", expressing religious skepticism, was removed) Can't Help Singing (1944) Gay Purr-ee (1962) Finian's Rainbow (1968) Books Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965) At This Point in Rhyme (1976) References Further reading Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg. Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993).", "He wrote a poem entitled \"Atheist\" that summarized his views on God. Hollywood and Broadway Harburg and Gorney were offered a contract with Paramount: in Hollywood, Harburg worked with composers Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Jule Styne, and Burton Lane, and later wrote the lyrics for The Wizard of Oz, one of the earliest known \"integrated musicals,\" for which he won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow.\"" ]

[ "He later adopted the name Edgar Harburg, and came to be best known as Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg. He attended Townsend Harris High School, where he and Ira Gershwin, who bonded over a shared fondness for Gilbert and Sullivan, worked on the school paper and became lifelong friends.", "It was made into a film in 1968 starring Fred Astaire and Petula Clark, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Blacklisting Although never a member of the Communist Party (he was a member of the Socialist Party, and joked that \"Yip\" referred to the Young People's Socialist League, nicknamed the \"Yipsels\") he had been involved in radical groups, and he was blacklisted.", "Blacklisting Although never a member of the Communist Party (he was a member of the Socialist Party, and joked that \"Yip\" referred to the Young People's Socialist League, nicknamed the \"Yipsels\") he had been involved in radical groups, and he was blacklisted. Harburg was named in a pamphlet Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television; his involvement with the Hollywood Democratic Committee, and his refusal to identify reputed communists, led to him being blocked from working in Hollywood films, television, and radio for twelve full years, from 1950 to 1962.", "External links The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS \"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz\", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow .", "He also was an ardent critic of religion. He also was an ardent critic of religion. Early life and career Harburg, the youngest of four surviving children (out of ten), was born Isidore Hochberg on the Lower East Side of New York City on April 8, 1896. His parents, Lewis Hochberg and Mary Ricing, were Yiddish-speaking Orthodox Jews who had emigrated from Russia. He later adopted the name Edgar Harburg, and came to be best known as Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg.", "E. Y. Harburg recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1896 births 1981 deaths American musical theatre lyricists Broadway composers and lyricists Jewish American songwriters Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters 20th-century American musicians Jewish American writers Hollywood blacklist American socialists Jewish socialists Jewish American atheists City College of New York alumni Townsend Harris High School alumni People from the Lower East Side American people of Russian-Jewish descent Accidental deaths in California Road incident deaths in California Burials at sea", "According to his son Ernie Harburg, Gilbert and Irish dramatist George Bernard Shaw taught his father, a \"democratic socialist, [and] sworn challenger of all tyranny against the people, that 'humor is an act of courage' and dissent\". After World War I, Harburg returned to New York and graduated from City College (later part of the City University of New York), which Ira Gershwin had initially attended with him, in 1921.", "Hollywood and Broadway Harburg and Gorney were offered a contract with Paramount: in Hollywood, Harburg worked with composers Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Jule Styne, and Burton Lane, and later wrote the lyrics for The Wizard of Oz, one of the earliest known \"integrated musicals,\" for which he won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow.\" Of his work on The Wizard of Oz, his son (and biographer) Ernie Harburg has said: Working in Hollywood did not stop Harburg's career on Broadway.", "After World War I, Harburg returned to New York and graduated from City College (later part of the City University of New York), which Ira Gershwin had initially attended with him, in 1921. After Harburg married and had two children, he started writing light verse for local newspapers.", "special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . ." ]

[ "Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers) Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for \"Happiness is a Thing Called Joe\" Post-retirement or posthumous credits: A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for Over the Rainbow Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist Broadway musicals Hooray for What! (1937) - lyricist and originator Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009 Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist Films Moonlight and Pretzels (1933) The Singing Kid (1936) Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936) The Wizard of Oz (1939) At the Circus (1939) Babes on Broadway (1941) Ship Ahoy (1942) Cabin in the Sky (1943) (Harburg's song \"Aint It The Truth\", expressing religious skepticism, was removed) Can't Help Singing (1944) Gay Purr-ee (1962) Finian's Rainbow (1968) Books Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965) At This Point in Rhyme (1976) References Further reading Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg.", "Hollywood and Broadway Harburg and Gorney were offered a contract with Paramount: in Hollywood, Harburg worked with composers Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Jule Styne, and Burton Lane, and later wrote the lyrics for The Wizard of Oz, one of the earliest known \"integrated musicals,\" for which he won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow.\" Of his work on The Wizard of Oz, his son (and biographer) Ernie Harburg has said: Working in Hollywood did not stop Harburg's career on Broadway.", "(1937) - lyricist and originator Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009 Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist Films Moonlight and Pretzels (1933) The Singing Kid (1936) Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936) The Wizard of Oz (1939) At the Circus (1939) Babes on Broadway (1941) Ship Ahoy (1942) Cabin in the Sky (1943) (Harburg's song \"Aint It The Truth\", expressing religious skepticism, was removed) Can't Help Singing (1944) Gay Purr-ee (1962) Finian's Rainbow (1968) Books Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965) At This Point in Rhyme (1976) References Further reading Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg. Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993).", "He wrote a poem entitled \"Atheist\" that summarized his views on God. Hollywood and Broadway Harburg and Gorney were offered a contract with Paramount: in Hollywood, Harburg worked with composers Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Jule Styne, and Burton Lane, and later wrote the lyrics for The Wizard of Oz, one of the earliest known \"integrated musicals,\" for which he won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow.\"", "After World War I, Harburg returned to New York and graduated from City College (later part of the City University of New York), which Ira Gershwin had initially attended with him, in 1921. After Harburg married and had two children, he started writing light verse for local newspapers.", "External links The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS \"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz\", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow .", "He later adopted the name Edgar Harburg, and came to be best known as Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg. He attended Townsend Harris High School, where he and Ira Gershwin, who bonded over a shared fondness for Gilbert and Sullivan, worked on the school paper and became lifelong friends.", "Awards and recognition In 1940 Harburg won an Oscar, shared with Harold Arlen, for Best Music, Original Song for The Wizard of Oz (1939). In addition, he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Music, Original Song, along with Arlen, for Cabin in the Sky, (1943) and Best Music, Original Song for Can't Help Singing, shared with Jerome Kern in (1944). Harburg was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972.", "Blacklisting Although never a member of the Communist Party (he was a member of the Socialist Party, and joked that \"Yip\" referred to the Young People's Socialist League, nicknamed the \"Yipsels\") he had been involved in radical groups, and he was blacklisted. Harburg was named in a pamphlet Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television; his involvement with the Hollywood Democratic Committee, and his refusal to identify reputed communists, led to him being blocked from working in Hollywood films, television, and radio for twelve full years, from 1950 to 1962.", "The Revue include \"Brother Can You Spare a Dime?\" Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers) Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for \"Happiness is a Thing Called Joe\" Post-retirement or posthumous credits: A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for Over the Rainbow Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist Broadway musicals Hooray for What!" ]

[ "Awards and recognition In 1940 Harburg won an Oscar, shared with Harold Arlen, for Best Music, Original Song for The Wizard of Oz (1939). In addition, he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Music, Original Song, along with Arlen, for Cabin in the Sky, (1943) and Best Music, Original Song for Can't Help Singing, shared with Jerome Kern in (1944). Harburg was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972.", "External links The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS \"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz\", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow .", "special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . .", "After World War I, Harburg returned to New York and graduated from City College (later part of the City University of New York), which Ira Gershwin had initially attended with him, in 1921. After Harburg married and had two children, he started writing light verse for local newspapers.", "E. Y. Harburg recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1896 births 1981 deaths American musical theatre lyricists Broadway composers and lyricists Jewish American songwriters Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters 20th-century American musicians Jewish American writers Hollywood blacklist American socialists Jewish socialists Jewish American atheists City College of New York alumni Townsend Harris High School alumni People from the Lower East Side American people of Russian-Jewish descent Accidental deaths in California Road incident deaths in California Burials at sea", "He later adopted the name Edgar Harburg, and came to be best known as Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg. He attended Townsend Harris High School, where he and Ira Gershwin, who bonded over a shared fondness for Gilbert and Sullivan, worked on the school paper and became lifelong friends.", "Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993). Alonso, Harriet. \"Yip Harburg: Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist,\" Wesleyan University Press (2012). External links The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS \"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz\", a Democracy Now!", "Blacklisting Although never a member of the Communist Party (he was a member of the Socialist Party, and joked that \"Yip\" referred to the Young People's Socialist League, nicknamed the \"Yipsels\") he had been involved in radical groups, and he was blacklisted. Harburg was named in a pamphlet Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television; his involvement with the Hollywood Democratic Committee, and his refusal to identify reputed communists, led to him being blocked from working in Hollywood films, television, and radio for twelve full years, from 1950 to 1962." ]

[ "External links The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS \"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz\", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow .", "(1937) - lyricist and originator Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009 Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist Films Moonlight and Pretzels (1933) The Singing Kid (1936) Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936) The Wizard of Oz (1939) At the Circus (1939) Babes on Broadway (1941) Ship Ahoy (1942) Cabin in the Sky (1943) (Harburg's song \"Aint It The Truth\", expressing religious skepticism, was removed) Can't Help Singing (1944) Gay Purr-ee (1962) Finian's Rainbow (1968) Books Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965) At This Point in Rhyme (1976) References Further reading Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg. Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993).", "special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript) E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006, article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . .", "Hollywood and Broadway Harburg and Gorney were offered a contract with Paramount: in Hollywood, Harburg worked with composers Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Jule Styne, and Burton Lane, and later wrote the lyrics for The Wizard of Oz, one of the earliest known \"integrated musicals,\" for which he won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow.\" Of his work on The Wizard of Oz, his son (and biographer) Ernie Harburg has said: Working in Hollywood did not stop Harburg's career on Broadway.", "Awards and recognition In 1940 Harburg won an Oscar, shared with Harold Arlen, for Best Music, Original Song for The Wizard of Oz (1939). In addition, he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Music, Original Song, along with Arlen, for Cabin in the Sky, (1943) and Best Music, Original Song for Can't Help Singing, shared with Jerome Kern in (1944). Harburg was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972.", "Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers) Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for \"Happiness is a Thing Called Joe\" Post-retirement or posthumous credits: A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for Over the Rainbow Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist Broadway musicals Hooray for What! (1937) - lyricist and originator Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009 Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist Films Moonlight and Pretzels (1933) The Singing Kid (1936) Gold Diggers of 1937 (1936) The Wizard of Oz (1939) At the Circus (1939) Babes on Broadway (1941) Ship Ahoy (1942) Cabin in the Sky (1943) (Harburg's song \"Aint It The Truth\", expressing religious skepticism, was removed) Can't Help Singing (1944) Gay Purr-ee (1962) Finian's Rainbow (1968) Books Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965) At This Point in Rhyme (1976) References Further reading Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg.", "He later adopted the name Edgar Harburg, and came to be best known as Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg. He attended Townsend Harris High School, where he and Ira Gershwin, who bonded over a shared fondness for Gilbert and Sullivan, worked on the school paper and became lifelong friends.", "He wrote a poem entitled \"Atheist\" that summarized his views on God. Hollywood and Broadway Harburg and Gorney were offered a contract with Paramount: in Hollywood, Harburg worked with composers Harold Arlen, Vernon Duke, Jerome Kern, Jule Styne, and Burton Lane, and later wrote the lyrics for The Wizard of Oz, one of the earliest known \"integrated musicals,\" for which he won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow.\"", "Harburg was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972. On March 7, 2001, the results of a poll conducted by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Humanities ranked Judy Garland's rendition of \"Over the Rainbow\" as the Number One recording of the 20th century. On June 22, 2004, the American Film Institute broadcast AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Songs, a TV special announcing the 100 greatest film songs.", "Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993). Alonso, Harriet. \"Yip Harburg: Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist,\" Wesleyan University Press (2012). External links The Yip Harburg Foundation website Biography of Harburg from USPS \"A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz\", a Democracy Now!" ]

[ "Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Her films have grossed over  billion worldwide, making Johansson the ninth-highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.", "Acting career Early work and breakthrough (1994–2002) At age nine, Johansson made her film debut as John Ritter's daughter in the fantasy comedy North (1994). She says that when she was on the film set, she knew intuitively what to do. She later played minor roles such as the daughter of Sean Connery's and Kate Capshaw's characters in the mystery thriller Just Cause (1995), and an art student in If Lucy Fell (1996).", "She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001). Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in Lost in Translation, which won her a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, and Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "During this period, Johansson starred in the science fiction films Her (2013), Under the Skin (2013) and Lucy (2014). She received two simultaneous Academy Award nominations—Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress—for the respective roles of an actress going through a divorce in the drama Marriage Story (2019) and a single mother in Nazi Germany in the satire Jojo Rabbit (2019). Labeled a sex symbol, Johansson has been referred to as one of the world's most attractive women by various media outlets.", "In 2011, Johansson played the role of Kelly, a zookeeper in the family film We Bought a Zoo alongside Matt Damon. The film got mainly favorable reviews, and Anne Billson praised Johansson for bringing depth to a rather uninteresting character. Johansson earned a Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress: Drama nomination for her performance. Johansson learned some Russian from a former teacher on the phone for her role as Black Widow in The Avengers (2012), another entry from the MCU.", "In 2010, Johansson debuted on Broadway in a revival of A View from the Bridge, which won her a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress, and began portraying Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Iron Man 2. She reprised the role in eight films, most recently in her solo feature Black Widow (2021), gaining global recognition for her performances. During this period, Johansson starred in the science fiction films Her (2013), Under the Skin (2013) and Lucy (2014).", "Erin Whitney, writing for The Huffington Post, considered it to be her finest performance to that point, and noted that it was her first fully nude role. Author Maureen Foster wrote, \"How much depth, breadth, and range Johansson mines from her character's very limited allowance of emotional response is a testament to her acting prowess that is, as the film goes on, increasingly stunning.\" It earned Johansson a BIFA Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a British Independent Film nomination.", "Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in Lost in Translation, which won her a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, and Girl with a Pearl Earring. She was nominated for Golden Globe Awards for these films, and for playing a troubled teenager in the drama A Love Song for Bobby Long (2004) and a seductress in psychological thriller Match Point (2005). The latter was her first collaboration with Woody Allen, who later directed her in Scoop (2006) and Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008).", "She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. Johansson aspired to be an actress from an early age and first appeared on stage in an Off-Broadway play as a child actor. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001).", "Johansson learned some Russian from a former teacher on the phone for her role as Black Widow in The Avengers (2012), another entry from the MCU. The film received mainly positive reviews and broke many box office records, becoming the third highest-grossing film both in the United States and worldwide. For her performance, she was nominated for two Teen Choice Awards and three People's Choice Awards." ]

[ "Johansson's first leading role was as Amanda, the younger sister of a pregnant teenager who runs away from her foster home in Manny & Lo (1996) alongside Aleksa Palladino and her brother, Hunter. Her performance received positive reviews: one written for the San Francisco Chronicle noted, \"[the film] grows on you, largely because of the charm of ... Scarlett Johansson,\" while critic Mick LaSalle, writing for the same paper, commented on her \"peaceful aura\", and believed, \"If she can get through puberty with that aura undisturbed, she could become an important actress.\"", "She later played minor roles such as the daughter of Sean Connery's and Kate Capshaw's characters in the mystery thriller Just Cause (1995), and an art student in If Lucy Fell (1996). Johansson's first leading role was as Amanda, the younger sister of a pregnant teenager who runs away from her foster home in Manny & Lo (1996) alongside Aleksa Palladino and her brother, Hunter.", "She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. Johansson aspired to be an actress from an early age and first appeared on stage in an Off-Broadway play as a child actor. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001).", "In the former, directed by Sofia Coppola, she plays Charlotte, a listless and lonely young wife, opposite Bill Murray. Coppola had first noticed Johansson in Manny & Lo, and compared her to a young Lauren Bacall; Coppola based the film's story on the relationship between Bacall and Humphrey Bogart in The Big Sleep (1946). Johansson found the experience of working with a female director different because of Coppola's ability to empathize with her.", "Johansson found the experience of working with a female director different because of Coppola's ability to empathize with her. Made on a budget of $4million, the film grossed $119million at the box office and received critical acclaim. Roger Ebert was pleased with the film and described the lead actors' performances as \"wonderful\", and Entertainment Weekly wrote of Johansson's \"embracing, restful serenity\". The New York Times praised Johansson, aged 17 at the time of filming, for playing an older character.", "She would then reprise her role as Mindy in the video game adaptation of the film. She followed it with In Good Company, a comedy-drama in which she complicates the life of her father when she dates his much younger boss. Reviews of the film were generally positive, describing it as \"witty and charming\". Roger Ebert was impressed with Johansson's portrayal, writing that she \"continues to employ the gravitational pull of quiet fascination\".", "The film was a modest worldwide box office success, but polarized critics. Ebert was critical of the film, but found Johansson \"lovely as always\", and Mick LaSalle noted the freshness she brought to her part. She also appeared in Brian De Palma's The Black Dahlia, a film noir shot in Los Angeles and Bulgaria. Johansson later said she was a fan of DePalma and had wanted to work with him on the film, but thought that she was unsuitable for the part.", "Promoting the film, Johansson and Portman appeared on the cover of W, discussing with the magazine the public's reception of them. In Rolling Stone, Pete Travers criticized the film for \"[moving] in frustrating herks and jerks\", but thought that the duo were the only positive aspect of the production. Variety credited the cast as \"almost flawless ... at the top of its game\", citing \"Johansson's quieter Mary ... as the [film's] emotional center\".", "Johansson said the character resonated with her, and she admired the superhero's human traits. The film earned $623.9million against its $200million budget, and received generally positive reviews from critics, although reviewers criticized how her character was written. Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph and Matt Goldberg thought that she had little to do but look attractive. In 2011, Johansson played the role of Kelly, a zookeeper in the family film We Bought a Zoo alongside Matt Damon.", "The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $714million worldwide. Critic Odie Henderson saw \"a genuine emotional shorthand at work, especially from Johansson, who is excellent here\". The role earned her a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination. Johansson played a supporting role in the film Chef (2014), alongside Robert Downey, Jr., Sofía Vergara, and director Jon Favreau. It grossed over $45million at the box office and was well received by critics." ]

[ "She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001). Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in Lost in Translation, which won her a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, and Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. Johansson aspired to be an actress from an early age and first appeared on stage in an Off-Broadway play as a child actor. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001).", "Johansson's first leading role was as Amanda, the younger sister of a pregnant teenager who runs away from her foster home in Manny & Lo (1996) alongside Aleksa Palladino and her brother, Hunter. Her performance received positive reviews: one written for the San Francisco Chronicle noted, \"[the film] grows on you, largely because of the charm of ... Scarlett Johansson,\" while critic Mick LaSalle, writing for the same paper, commented on her \"peaceful aura\", and believed, \"If she can get through puberty with that aura undisturbed, she could become an important actress.\"", "She later played minor roles such as the daughter of Sean Connery's and Kate Capshaw's characters in the mystery thriller Just Cause (1995), and an art student in If Lucy Fell (1996). Johansson's first leading role was as Amanda, the younger sister of a pregnant teenager who runs away from her foster home in Manny & Lo (1996) alongside Aleksa Palladino and her brother, Hunter.", "During this period, Johansson starred in the science fiction films Her (2013), Under the Skin (2013) and Lucy (2014). She received two simultaneous Academy Award nominations—Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress—for the respective roles of an actress going through a divorce in the drama Marriage Story (2019) and a single mother in Nazi Germany in the satire Jojo Rabbit (2019). Labeled a sex symbol, Johansson has been referred to as one of the world's most attractive women by various media outlets.", "In 2011, Johansson played the role of Kelly, a zookeeper in the family film We Bought a Zoo alongside Matt Damon. The film got mainly favorable reviews, and Anne Billson praised Johansson for bringing depth to a rather uninteresting character. Johansson earned a Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress: Drama nomination for her performance. Johansson learned some Russian from a former teacher on the phone for her role as Black Widow in The Avengers (2012), another entry from the MCU.", "Acting career Early work and breakthrough (1994–2002) At age nine, Johansson made her film debut as John Ritter's daughter in the fantasy comedy North (1994). She says that when she was on the film set, she knew intuitively what to do. She later played minor roles such as the daughter of Sean Connery's and Kate Capshaw's characters in the mystery thriller Just Cause (1995), and an art student in If Lucy Fell (1996).", "In 2010, Johansson debuted on Broadway in a revival of A View from the Bridge, which won her a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress, and began portraying Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Iron Man 2. She reprised the role in eight films, most recently in her solo feature Black Widow (2021), gaining global recognition for her performances. During this period, Johansson starred in the science fiction films Her (2013), Under the Skin (2013) and Lucy (2014).", "Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in Lost in Translation, which won her a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, and Girl with a Pearl Earring. She was nominated for Golden Globe Awards for these films, and for playing a troubled teenager in the drama A Love Song for Bobby Long (2004) and a seductress in psychological thriller Match Point (2005). The latter was her first collaboration with Woody Allen, who later directed her in Scoop (2006) and Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008).", "She was the highest-grossing actor of 2016, with a total of $1.2billion. As a result, IndieWire credited her for taking on risky roles. , her films have grossed over  billion in North America and over  billion worldwide, making Johansson the third-highest-grossing box-office star of all time both domestically and worldwide as well as the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America. Johansson has appeared in advertising campaigns for Calvin Klein, Dolce & Gabbana, L'Oréal, and Louis Vuitton, and has represented the Spanish brand Mango since 2009." ]

[ "She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001). Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in Lost in Translation, which won her a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, and Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. Johansson aspired to be an actress from an early age and first appeared on stage in an Off-Broadway play as a child actor. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001).", "Johansson earned a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female for the role. After appearing in minor roles in Fall and Home Alone 3 (both 1997), Johansson attracted wider attention for her performance in the film The Horse Whisperer (1998), directed by Robert Redford. The drama film, based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Nicholas Evans, tells the story of a trainer with a gift for understanding horses, who is hired to help an injured teenager played by Johansson.", "During this period, Johansson starred in the science fiction films Her (2013), Under the Skin (2013) and Lucy (2014). She received two simultaneous Academy Award nominations—Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress—for the respective roles of an actress going through a divorce in the drama Marriage Story (2019) and a single mother in Nazi Germany in the satire Jojo Rabbit (2019). Labeled a sex symbol, Johansson has been referred to as one of the world's most attractive women by various media outlets.", "In 2011, Johansson played the role of Kelly, a zookeeper in the family film We Bought a Zoo alongside Matt Damon. The film got mainly favorable reviews, and Anne Billson praised Johansson for bringing depth to a rather uninteresting character. Johansson earned a Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress: Drama nomination for her performance. Johansson learned some Russian from a former teacher on the phone for her role as Black Widow in The Avengers (2012), another entry from the MCU.", "In 2010, Johansson debuted on Broadway in a revival of A View from the Bridge, which won her a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress, and began portraying Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Iron Man 2. She reprised the role in eight films, most recently in her solo feature Black Widow (2021), gaining global recognition for her performances. During this period, Johansson starred in the science fiction films Her (2013), Under the Skin (2013) and Lucy (2014).", "Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Her films have grossed over  billion worldwide, making Johansson the ninth-highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.", "Johansson's sole release of 2007 was the critically panned comedy-drama The Nanny Diaries alongside Chris Evans and Laura Linney, in which she played a college graduate working as a nanny. Reviews of her performance were mixed; Variety wrote, \"[She] essays an engaging heroine\", and The New Yorker criticized her for looking \"merely confused\" while \"trying to give the material a plausible emotional center\".", "Johansson learned some Russian from a former teacher on the phone for her role as Black Widow in The Avengers (2012), another entry from the MCU. The film received mainly positive reviews and broke many box office records, becoming the third highest-grossing film both in the United States and worldwide. For her performance, she was nominated for two Teen Choice Awards and three People's Choice Awards.", "The drama film, based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Nicholas Evans, tells the story of a trainer with a gift for understanding horses, who is hired to help an injured teenager played by Johansson. The actress received an \"introducing\" credit on this film, although it was her seventh role. On Johansson's maturity, Redford described her as \"13 going on 30\"." ]

[ "His most famous invention, in 1906, was the three-element \"Audion\" (triode) vacuum tube, the first practical amplification device. Although de Forest had only a limited understanding of how it worked, it was the foundation of the field of electronics, making possible radio broadcasting, long distance telephone lines, and talking motion pictures, among countless other applications. Early life Lee de Forest was born in 1873 in Council Bluffs, Iowa, the son of Anna Margaret ( Robbins) and Henry Swift DeForest.", "Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor and early pioneer in radio and in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures. He had over 300 patents worldwide, but also a tumultuous career—he boasted that he made, then lost, four fortunes. He was also involved in several major patent lawsuits, spent a substantial part of his income on legal bills, and was even tried (and acquitted) for mail fraud.", "With radio research his main priority, de Forest next took a night teaching position at the Lewis Institute, which freed him to conduct experiments at the Armour Institute. By 1900, using a spark-coil transmitter and his responder receiver, de Forest expanded his transmitting range to about seven kilometers (four miles). Professor Clarence Freeman of the Armour Institute became interested in de Forest's work and developed a new type of spark transmitter.", "He then completed his studies at Yale's Sloane Physics Laboratory, earning a Doctorate in 1899 with a dissertation on the \"Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires\", supervised by theoretical physicist Willard Gibbs. He was scientist Early radio work Reflecting his pioneering work, de Forest has sometimes been credited as the \"Father of Radio\", an honorific which he adopted as the title of his 1950 autobiography.", "Focuses on three of the individuals who made significant contributions to the early radio industry in the United States: De Forest, David Sarnoff and Edwin Armstrong. LINK External links Lee de Forest, American Inventor (leedeforest.com) Lee de Forest biography (ethw.org) Lee de Forest biography at National Inventors Hall of Fame \"Who said Lee de Forest was the 'Father of Radio'?\" by Stephen Greene, Mass Comm Review, February 1991. \"Practical Pointers on the Audion\" by A.", "\"Grid\" Audion detector De Forest's most famous invention was the \"grid Audion\", which was the first successful three-element (triode) vacuum tube, and the first device which could amplify electrical signals. He traced its inspiration to 1900, when, experimenting with a spark-gap transmitter, he briefly thought that the flickering of a nearby gas flame might be in response to electromagnetic pulses.", "& Tel. Co., QST'', March 1916, pp. 41–44. 41–44. (wikisource.org) \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" by Sungook Hong, Seoul National University (PDF) \"De Forest Phonofilm Co. Inc. on White House grounds\" (1924) (shorpy.com) Guide to the Lee De Forest Papers 1902–1953 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center 1873 births 1961 deaths 20th-century American inventors Academy Honorary Award recipients American agnostics American anti-fascists American electrical engineers Burials at San Fernando Mission Cemetery California Republicans History of radio Illinois Institute of Technology faculty IEEE Edison Medal recipients IEEE Medal of Honor recipients Naval Consulting Board Northfield Mount Hermon School alumni People from Council Bluffs, Iowa Radio pioneers Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni", "He called this a \"cascade amplifier\", which eventually consisted of chaining together up to three Audions. At this time the American Telephone and Telegraph Company was researching ways to amplify telephone signals to provide better long-distance service, and it was recognized that de Forest's device had potential as a telephone line repeater. In mid-1912 an associate, John Stone Stone, contacted AT&T to arrange for de Forest to demonstrate his invention." ]

[ "Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor and early pioneer in radio and in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures. He had over 300 patents worldwide, but also a tumultuous career—he boasted that he made, then lost, four fortunes. He was also involved in several major patent lawsuits, spent a substantial part of his income on legal bills, and was even tried (and acquitted) for mail fraud.", "& Tel. Co., QST'', March 1916, pp. 41–44. 41–44. (wikisource.org) \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" by Sungook Hong, Seoul National University (PDF) \"De Forest Phonofilm Co. Inc. on White House grounds\" (1924) (shorpy.com) Guide to the Lee De Forest Papers 1902–1953 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center 1873 births 1961 deaths 20th-century American inventors Academy Honorary Award recipients American agnostics American anti-fascists American electrical engineers Burials at San Fernando Mission Cemetery California Republicans History of radio Illinois Institute of Technology faculty IEEE Edison Medal recipients IEEE Medal of Honor recipients Naval Consulting Board Northfield Mount Hermon School alumni People from Council Bluffs, Iowa Radio pioneers Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni", "He then completed his studies at Yale's Sloane Physics Laboratory, earning a Doctorate in 1899 with a dissertation on the \"Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires\", supervised by theoretical physicist Willard Gibbs. He was scientist Early radio work Reflecting his pioneering work, de Forest has sometimes been credited as the \"Father of Radio\", an honorific which he adopted as the title of his 1950 autobiography.", "De Forest was determined to devise a better system, including a self-restoring detector that could receive transmissions by ear, thus making it capable of receiving weaker signals and also allowing faster Morse code sending speeds. After making unsuccessful inquiries about employment with Nikola Tesla and Marconi, de Forest struck out on his own. His first job after leaving Yale was with the Western Electric Company's telephone lab in Chicago, Illinois. While there he developed his first receiver, which was based on findings by two German scientists, Drs.", "De Forest moved to San Francisco, California, and in early 1911 took a research job at the Federal Telegraph Company, which produced long-range radiotelegraph systems using high-powered Poulsen arcs. Audio frequency amplification One of de Forest's areas of research at Federal Telegraph was improving the reception of signals, and he came up with the idea of strengthening the audio frequency output from a grid Audion by feeding it into a second tube for additional amplification.", "Focuses on three of the individuals who made significant contributions to the early radio industry in the United States: De Forest, David Sarnoff and Edwin Armstrong. LINK External links Lee de Forest, American Inventor (leedeforest.com) Lee de Forest biography (ethw.org) Lee de Forest biography at National Inventors Hall of Fame \"Who said Lee de Forest was the 'Father of Radio'?\" by Stephen Greene, Mass Comm Review, February 1991. \"Practical Pointers on the Audion\" by A.", "His most famous invention, in 1906, was the three-element \"Audion\" (triode) vacuum tube, the first practical amplification device. Although de Forest had only a limited understanding of how it worked, it was the foundation of the field of electronics, making possible radio broadcasting, long distance telephone lines, and talking motion pictures, among countless other applications. Early life Lee de Forest was born in 1873 in Council Bluffs, Iowa, the son of Anna Margaret ( Robbins) and Henry Swift DeForest.", "De Forest, Lee. De Forest, Lee. Father of radio: the autobiography of Lee de Forest' (Wilcox & Follett, 1950). Chipman, Robert A. \"De Forest and the Triode Detector\" Scientific American, March 1965, pp. 93–101. Hijiya, James A. Lee de Forest and the Fatherhood of Radio (Lehigh UP, 1992). Lubell, Samuel. \"'Magnificent Failure'\" Saturday Evening Post, three parts: January 17, 1942 (pp.", "De Forest, along with Ed Smythe, a co-worker who provided financial and technical help, developed variations they called \"responders\". A series of short-term positions followed, including three unproductive months with Professor Warren S. Johnson's American Wireless Telegraph Company in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and work as an assistant editor of the Western Electrician in Chicago. With radio research his main priority, de Forest next took a night teaching position at the Lewis Institute, which freed him to conduct experiments at the Armour Institute.", "With radio research his main priority, de Forest next took a night teaching position at the Lewis Institute, which freed him to conduct experiments at the Armour Institute. By 1900, using a spark-coil transmitter and his responder receiver, de Forest expanded his transmitting range to about seven kilometers (four miles). Professor Clarence Freeman of the Armour Institute became interested in de Forest's work and developed a new type of spark transmitter." ]

[ "Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor and early pioneer in radio and in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures. He had over 300 patents worldwide, but also a tumultuous career—he boasted that he made, then lost, four fortunes. He was also involved in several major patent lawsuits, spent a substantial part of his income on legal bills, and was even tried (and acquitted) for mail fraud.", "With the legal problems behind him, de Forest reorganized his company as the DeForest Radio Telephone Company, and established a laboratory at 1391 Sedgewick Avenue in the Highbridge section of the Bronx in New York City. The company's limited finances were boosted by the sale, in October 1914, of the commercial Audion patent rights for radio signalling to AT&T for $90,000, with de Forest retaining the rights for sales for \"amateur and experimental use\".", "In January 1902 he met a promoter, Abraham White, who would become de Forest's main sponsor for the next five years. White envisioned bold and expansive plans that enticed the inventor—however, he was also dishonest and much of the new enterprise would be built on wild exaggeration and stock fraud. To back de Forest's efforts, White incorporated the American DeForest Wireless Telegraph Company, with himself as the company's president, and de Forest the Scientific Director.", "Radio Telephone Company De Forest moved quickly to re-establish himself as an independent inventor, working in his own laboratory in the Parker Building in New York City. The Radio Telephone Company was incorporated in order to promote his inventions, with James Dunlop Smith, a former American DeForest salesman, as president, and de Forest the vice president (De Forest preferred the term radio, which up to now had been primarily used in Europe, over wireless).", "To back de Forest's efforts, White incorporated the American DeForest Wireless Telegraph Company, with himself as the company's president, and de Forest the Scientific Director. The company claimed as its goal the development of \"world-wide wireless\". The original \"responder\" receiver (also known as the \"goo anti-coherer\") proved to be too crude to be commercialized, and de Forest struggled to develop a non-infringing device for receiving radio signals.", "& Tel. Co., QST'', March 1916, pp. 41–44. 41–44. (wikisource.org) \"A History of the Regeneration Circuit: From Invention to Patent Litigation\" by Sungook Hong, Seoul National University (PDF) \"De Forest Phonofilm Co. Inc. on White House grounds\" (1924) (shorpy.com) Guide to the Lee De Forest Papers 1902–1953 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center 1873 births 1961 deaths 20th-century American inventors Academy Honorary Award recipients American agnostics American anti-fascists American electrical engineers Burials at San Fernando Mission Cemetery California Republicans History of radio Illinois Institute of Technology faculty IEEE Edison Medal recipients IEEE Medal of Honor recipients Naval Consulting Board Northfield Mount Hermon School alumni People from Council Bluffs, Iowa Radio pioneers Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni", "De Forest was determined to devise a better system, including a self-restoring detector that could receive transmissions by ear, thus making it capable of receiving weaker signals and also allowing faster Morse code sending speeds. After making unsuccessful inquiries about employment with Nikola Tesla and Marconi, de Forest struck out on his own. His first job after leaving Yale was with the Western Electric Company's telephone lab in Chicago, Illinois. While there he developed his first receiver, which was based on findings by two German scientists, Drs.", "On November 28, 1906, in exchange for $1000 (half of which was claimed by an attorney) and the rights to some early Audion detector patents, de Forest turned in his stock and resigned from the company that bore his name. American DeForest was then reorganized as the United Wireless Telegraph Company, and would be the dominant U.S. radio communications firm, albeit propped up by massive stock fraud, until its bankruptcy in 1912.", "American DeForest was then reorganized as the United Wireless Telegraph Company, and would be the dominant U.S. radio communications firm, albeit propped up by massive stock fraud, until its bankruptcy in 1912. Radio Telephone Company De Forest moved quickly to re-establish himself as an independent inventor, working in his own laboratory in the Parker Building in New York City.", "Employment at Federal Telegraph In May 1910, the Radio Telephone Company and its subsidiaries were reorganized as the North American Wireless Corporation, but financial difficulties meant that the company's activities had nearly come to a halt. De Forest moved to San Francisco, California, and in early 1911 took a research job at the Federal Telegraph Company, which produced long-range radiotelegraph systems using high-powered Poulsen arcs." ]

[ "Audio frequency amplification One of de Forest's areas of research at Federal Telegraph was improving the reception of signals, and he came up with the idea of strengthening the audio frequency output from a grid Audion by feeding it into a second tube for additional amplification. He called this a \"cascade amplifier\", which eventually consisted of chaining together up to three Audions.", "De Forest moved to San Francisco, California, and in early 1911 took a research job at the Federal Telegraph Company, which produced long-range radiotelegraph systems using high-powered Poulsen arcs. Audio frequency amplification One of de Forest's areas of research at Federal Telegraph was improving the reception of signals, and he came up with the idea of strengthening the audio frequency output from a grid Audion by feeding it into a second tube for additional amplification.", "His most famous invention, in 1906, was the three-element \"Audion\" (triode) vacuum tube, the first practical amplification device. Although de Forest had only a limited understanding of how it worked, it was the foundation of the field of electronics, making possible radio broadcasting, long distance telephone lines, and talking motion pictures, among countless other applications. Early life Lee de Forest was born in 1873 in Council Bluffs, Iowa, the son of Anna Margaret ( Robbins) and Henry Swift DeForest.", "Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor and early pioneer in radio and in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures. He had over 300 patents worldwide, but also a tumultuous career—he boasted that he made, then lost, four fortunes. He was also involved in several major patent lawsuits, spent a substantial part of his income on legal bills, and was even tried (and acquitted) for mail fraud.", "\"Grid\" Audion detector De Forest's most famous invention was the \"grid Audion\", which was the first successful three-element (triode) vacuum tube, and the first device which could amplify electrical signals. He traced its inspiration to 1900, when, experimenting with a spark-gap transmitter, he briefly thought that the flickering of a nearby gas flame might be in response to electromagnetic pulses.", "With radio research his main priority, de Forest next took a night teaching position at the Lewis Institute, which freed him to conduct experiments at the Armour Institute. By 1900, using a spark-coil transmitter and his responder receiver, de Forest expanded his transmitting range to about seven kilometers (four miles). Professor Clarence Freeman of the Armour Institute became interested in de Forest's work and developed a new type of spark transmitter.", "Although Poulsen had patented his invention, de Forest claimed to have come up with a variation that allowed him to avoid infringing on Poulsen's work. Using his \"sparkless\" arc transmitter, de Forest first transmitted audio across a lab room on December 31, 1906, and by February was making experimental transmissions, including music produced by Thaddeus Cahill's telharmonium, that were heard throughout the city.", "But these tests showed that the idea was not yet technically feasible, and de Forest would not make any additional entertainment broadcasts until late 1916, when more capable vacuum-tube equipment became available. \"Grid\" Audion detector De Forest's most famous invention was the \"grid Audion\", which was the first successful three-element (triode) vacuum tube, and the first device which could amplify electrical signals.", "Still, he was intrigued by the idea that, properly configured, it might be possible to use a flame or something similar to detect radio signals. After determining that an open flame was too susceptible to ambient air currents, de Forest investigated whether ionized gases, heated and enclosed in a partially evacuated glass tube, could be used instead. In 1905 to 1906 he developed various configurations of glass-tube devices, which he gave the general name of \"Audions\"." ]

[ "In 2006, Kago was suspended from her agency for underage smoking and subsequently dismissed in 2007. In 2008, she returned to entertainment as an actress, appearing in Kung Fu Chefs (2009), Ju-On: Black Ghost (2009), and Battle of Demons (2009). In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010).", "She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008 with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled . On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\"", "On February 23, 2017, she announced on her blog that she gave birth her second child, a boy named Yoshitsugu. Discography Singles Albums AI KAGO meets JAZZ (March 31, 2010 P-Vine) Compilations (Various Artists, February 10, 2010 P-Vine) Lum no Love Song (Urusei Yatsura OP) / Ai Kago × Brian Hardgroove (Public Enemy) Himitsu no Akko-chan (Himitsu no Akko-chan OP) / Ai Kago × Paolo Scotti Filmography Film Television Publications Books Photobooks DVDs References External links Official blog 1988 births Japanese child singers Japanese women jazz singers Japanese women pop singers Happy 7 members Living people Minimoni members Morning Musume members Tanpopo members Writers from Nara Prefecture Salt5 members W (group) members Japanese idols Musicians from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese actresses 21st-century Japanese actresses Actors from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese women singers 21st-century Japanese women singers", "On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic. 2011–present: Personal struggles and Girls Beat!! Throughout the second half of 2010, Kago became unhappy with the direction of her work.", "In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010). She also formed her own girl group, Girls Beat! !, in 2013, of which she remained a member until 2016. Career 2000–2004: Morning Musume and Mini-Moni At age 12, Kago won the 4th National Audition of Morning Musume held by the Up-Front Works in 2000.", "Throughout the second half of 2010, Kago became unhappy with the direction of her work. Around the same time, she began dating restaurant owner Haruhiko Ando, who acted as an in-between for her agency and herself. Since beginning a relationship with Ando, Kago cancelled several jobs at the last minute, causing her agency to suspend her activities. Despite this, she participated in a live performance and opened a separate blog without permission.", "In 2007 Up-Front Works reported that they were working on her comeback. In late March 2007, photos of Kago going to an onsen with a man 18 years her senior and smoking for a third time circulated in the media, further tarnishing her reputation. Not long after, Yuukichi Kawaguchi, the director of Up-Front Works, issued a statement announcing that she had been dismissed from the agency.", "She was 15 at the time the photos were taken. The following day, her agency issued a press statement saying that she and W's activities had been suspended \"indefinitely.\" Kago spent the remainder of the year under house arrest at her family's residence in Nara. During this time, she was not allowed to have contact with Tsuji or any of the other members from her agency, and she was caught smoking again during her probation period. In 2007 Up-Front Works reported that they were working on her comeback.", "On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo." ]

[ "In 2006, Kago was suspended from her agency for underage smoking and subsequently dismissed in 2007. In 2008, she returned to entertainment as an actress, appearing in Kung Fu Chefs (2009), Ju-On: Black Ghost (2009), and Battle of Demons (2009). In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010).", "On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic. 2011–present: Personal struggles and Girls Beat!! Throughout the second half of 2010, Kago became unhappy with the direction of her work.", "In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010). She also formed her own girl group, Girls Beat! !, in 2013, of which she remained a member until 2016. Career 2000–2004: Morning Musume and Mini-Moni At age 12, Kago won the 4th National Audition of Morning Musume held by the Up-Front Works in 2000.", "On February 23, 2017, she announced on her blog that she gave birth her second child, a boy named Yoshitsugu. Discography Singles Albums AI KAGO meets JAZZ (March 31, 2010 P-Vine) Compilations (Various Artists, February 10, 2010 P-Vine) Lum no Love Song (Urusei Yatsura OP) / Ai Kago × Brian Hardgroove (Public Enemy) Himitsu no Akko-chan (Himitsu no Akko-chan OP) / Ai Kago × Paolo Scotti Filmography Film Television Publications Books Photobooks DVDs References External links Official blog 1988 births Japanese child singers Japanese women jazz singers Japanese women pop singers Happy 7 members Living people Minimoni members Morning Musume members Tanpopo members Writers from Nara Prefecture Salt5 members W (group) members Japanese idols Musicians from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese actresses 21st-century Japanese actresses Actors from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese women singers 21st-century Japanese women singers", "She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008 with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled . On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\"", "On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo.", "She was 15 at the time the photos were taken. The following day, her agency issued a press statement saying that she and W's activities had been suspended \"indefinitely.\" Kago spent the remainder of the year under house arrest at her family's residence in Nara. During this time, she was not allowed to have contact with Tsuji or any of the other members from her agency, and she was caught smoking again during her probation period. In 2007 Up-Front Works reported that they were working on her comeback.", "In 2007 Up-Front Works reported that they were working on her comeback. In late March 2007, photos of Kago going to an onsen with a man 18 years her senior and smoking for a third time circulated in the media, further tarnishing her reputation. Not long after, Yuukichi Kawaguchi, the director of Up-Front Works, issued a statement announcing that she had been dismissed from the agency.", "Girls Beat!! Girls Beat!! released their first single, \"Sekai Seifuku\" on July 22, 2014. Their activities were abruptly put on hold when an arrest warrant was put out for Ando in October on suspicions of loaning money at illegal interest rates. Kago later filed for divorce, planning to continue activities once the divorce was finalized. Although Kago was eventually successful in doing so, in August 2015, her contract with her agency expired, though she continued activities with Girls Beat!! in November." ]

[ "On February 23, 2017, she announced on her blog that she gave birth her second child, a boy named Yoshitsugu. Discography Singles Albums AI KAGO meets JAZZ (March 31, 2010 P-Vine) Compilations (Various Artists, February 10, 2010 P-Vine) Lum no Love Song (Urusei Yatsura OP) / Ai Kago × Brian Hardgroove (Public Enemy) Himitsu no Akko-chan (Himitsu no Akko-chan OP) / Ai Kago × Paolo Scotti Filmography Film Television Publications Books Photobooks DVDs References External links Official blog 1988 births Japanese child singers Japanese women jazz singers Japanese women pop singers Happy 7 members Living people Minimoni members Morning Musume members Tanpopo members Writers from Nara Prefecture Salt5 members W (group) members Japanese idols Musicians from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese actresses 21st-century Japanese actresses Actors from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese women singers 21st-century Japanese women singers", "In 2006, Kago was suspended from her agency for underage smoking and subsequently dismissed in 2007. In 2008, she returned to entertainment as an actress, appearing in Kung Fu Chefs (2009), Ju-On: Black Ghost (2009), and Battle of Demons (2009). In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010).", "In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010). She also formed her own girl group, Girls Beat! !, in 2013, of which she remained a member until 2016. Career 2000–2004: Morning Musume and Mini-Moni At age 12, Kago won the 4th National Audition of Morning Musume held by the Up-Front Works in 2000.", "On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic. 2011–present: Personal struggles and Girls Beat!! Throughout the second half of 2010, Kago became unhappy with the direction of her work.", "Career 2000–2004: Morning Musume and Mini-Moni At age 12, Kago won the 4th National Audition of Morning Musume held by the Up-Front Works in 2000. On April 15, she, along with Rika Ishikawa, Hitomi Yoshizawa, and Nozomi Tsuji, were inducted into the idol group Morning Musume as its fourth generation. Their recording debut was in the group's ninth single \"Happy Summer Wedding\". Kago and Tsuji's addition to the group received positive critical response.", "She was 15 at the time the photos were taken. The following day, her agency issued a press statement saying that she and W's activities had been suspended \"indefinitely.\" Kago spent the remainder of the year under house arrest at her family's residence in Nara. During this time, she was not allowed to have contact with Tsuji or any of the other members from her agency, and she was caught smoking again during her probation period. In 2007 Up-Front Works reported that they were working on her comeback.", "All Stars in 2004). All Stars in 2004). 2004–2007: W In August 2004, Kago and Tsuji graduated from Morning Musume together after Minimoni began their indefinite hiatus. Under the arrangement of their agency, Kago and Tsuji formed a new pop duo, W, releasing two albums and six singles together. Before the release of their seventh single and their third album, W3: Faithful, on February 9, 2006, Friday published photos showing Kago smoking. She was 15 at the time the photos were taken.", "Despite this, she participated in a live performance and opened a separate blog without permission. Kago parted ways with R&A Promotions in November 2010 despite her contract ending in March 2013. As a response, in 2011, Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for in damages for contract violations. During that time, Kago's career was also derailed by her personal life." ]

[ "She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008 with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled . On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\"", "In 2006, Kago was suspended from her agency for underage smoking and subsequently dismissed in 2007. In 2008, she returned to entertainment as an actress, appearing in Kung Fu Chefs (2009), Ju-On: Black Ghost (2009), and Battle of Demons (2009). In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010).", "On February 23, 2017, she announced on her blog that she gave birth her second child, a boy named Yoshitsugu. Discography Singles Albums AI KAGO meets JAZZ (March 31, 2010 P-Vine) Compilations (Various Artists, February 10, 2010 P-Vine) Lum no Love Song (Urusei Yatsura OP) / Ai Kago × Brian Hardgroove (Public Enemy) Himitsu no Akko-chan (Himitsu no Akko-chan OP) / Ai Kago × Paolo Scotti Filmography Film Television Publications Books Photobooks DVDs References External links Official blog 1988 births Japanese child singers Japanese women jazz singers Japanese women pop singers Happy 7 members Living people Minimoni members Morning Musume members Tanpopo members Writers from Nara Prefecture Salt5 members W (group) members Japanese idols Musicians from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese actresses 21st-century Japanese actresses Actors from Nara Prefecture 20th-century Japanese women singers 21st-century Japanese women singers", "Throughout the second half of 2010, Kago became unhappy with the direction of her work. Around the same time, she began dating restaurant owner Haruhiko Ando, who acted as an in-between for her agency and herself. Since beginning a relationship with Ando, Kago cancelled several jobs at the last minute, causing her agency to suspend her activities. Despite this, she participated in a live performance and opened a separate blog without permission.", "On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic. 2011–present: Personal struggles and Girls Beat!! Throughout the second half of 2010, Kago became unhappy with the direction of her work.", "In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, \"No Hesitation\" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010). She also formed her own girl group, Girls Beat! !, in 2013, of which she remained a member until 2016. Career 2000–2004: Morning Musume and Mini-Moni At age 12, Kago won the 4th National Audition of Morning Musume held by the Up-Front Works in 2000.", "Not long after, Yuukichi Kawaguchi, the director of Up-Front Works, issued a statement announcing that she had been dismissed from the agency. 2008–2010: Return to entertainment After Kago departed from Up-Front Agency, her mother attempted to sign her to a new talent agency in her hometown, Nara. Later that year, Josei Seven published an interview with her mother, revealing that Kago left Japan and started residing in New York City.", "In 2007 Up-Front Works reported that they were working on her comeback. In late March 2007, photos of Kago going to an onsen with a man 18 years her senior and smoking for a third time circulated in the media, further tarnishing her reputation. Not long after, Yuukichi Kawaguchi, the director of Up-Front Works, issued a statement announcing that she had been dismissed from the agency.", "Despite this, she participated in a live performance and opened a separate blog without permission. Kago parted ways with R&A Promotions in November 2010 despite her contract ending in March 2013. As a response, in 2011, Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for in damages for contract violations. During that time, Kago's career was also derailed by her personal life." ]

[ "Edward Henry Weston (March 24, 1886 – January 1, 1958) was a 20th-century American photographer. He has been called \"one of the most innovative and influential American photographers...\" and \"one of the masters of 20th century photography.\" Over the course of his 40-year career Weston photographed an increasingly expansive set of subjects, including landscapes, still-lifes, nudes, portraits, genre scenes and even whimsical parodies.", "1 – July 9, 2002. 1 – July 9, 2002. List of photographs The artistic career of Weston spanned more than forty years, from roughly 1915 to 1956. A prolific photographer, he produced more than 1,000 black-and-white photographs and some 50 color images. This list is an incomplete selection of Weston's better-known photographs. Notes References Sources Abbott, Brett. Edward Weston: Photographs from the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2005. Alinder, Mary Street.", "Newhall, Nancy (ed.). Newhall, Nancy (ed.). Edward Weston; The Flame of Recognition: His Photographs Accompanied by Excerpts from the Daybooks & Letters. NY: Aperture, 1971. Pitts, Terence. Edward Weston 1886–1958. Köln: Taschen, 1999. Stebins, Theodore E., Karen Quinn and Leslie Furth. Edward Weston : Photography and Modernism. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1999. Stebins, Theodore E. Weston's Westons : Portraits and Nudes.", "Over the course of his 40-year career Weston photographed an increasingly expansive set of subjects, including landscapes, still-lifes, nudes, portraits, genre scenes and even whimsical parodies. It is said that he developed a \"quintessentially American, and especially Californian, approach to modern photography\" because of his focus on the people and places of the American West. In 1937 Weston was the first photographer to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, and over the next two years he produced nearly 1,400 negatives using his 8 × 10 view camera.", "NY : Aperture, 1977. Wilson, Charis. Wilson, Charis. Through Another Lens: My Years with Edward Weston. NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998. Woods, John. Dune: Edward & Brett Weston. Kalispell, MT: Wild Horse Island Press, 2003. External links edward-weston.com Edward Weston Collection at the Center for Creative Photography Ben Maddow \"Edward Weston Lecture\" The Baltimore Museum of Art: Baltimore, Maryland, 1976.", "External links edward-weston.com Edward Weston Collection at the Center for Creative Photography Ben Maddow \"Edward Weston Lecture\" The Baltimore Museum of Art: Baltimore, Maryland, 1976. Retrieved June 26, 2012 The Eloquent Nude: The Love and Legacy of Edward Weston and Charis Wilson Documentary concerning Edward Weston, his muse Charis Wilson and photographer Ansel Adams.", "Stebins, Theodore E. Weston's Westons : Portraits and Nudes. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1989. Travis, David. Edward Weston, The Last Years in Carmel. Chicago: Art Institute, 2001. Warren, Beth Gates. Artful Lives: Edward Weston, Margrethe Mather, and the Bohemians of Los Angeles. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011. Warren, Beth Gates. Edward Weston's Gifts to His Sister and Other Photographs. NY: Sotheby's, 2008.", "In February he started a new series of nudes, this time of dancer Bertha Wardell. One of this series, of her kneeling body cut off at the shoulders, is one of Weston's most well-known figure studies. At this same time he met Canadian painter Henrietta Shore, whom he asked to comment on the photos of Wardell.", "NY: Phaidon, 2006. Edward Weston : Color Photography. Edward Weston : Color Photography. Tucson: Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona, 1986. Enyeart, James. Edward Weston's California landscapes. Boston : Little, Brown, 1984. Foley, Kathy Kelsey. Edward Weston's Gifts to His Sister. Dayton: Dayton Art Institute, 1978. Heyman, There Thau. Seeing Straight: The f.64 Revolution in Photography. Oakland: Oakland Art Museum, 1992. Higgins, Gary.", "Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2005. Alinder, Mary Street. Alinder, Mary Street. Group f.64: Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, and the Community of Artists Who Revolutionized American Photography. New York: Bloomsbury USA, 2014. Bunnell, Peter C. Edward Weston on Photography. Salt Lake City: P. Smith Books, 1983. Bunnell, Peter C., David Featherston et al. EW 100: Centennial Essays in Honor of Edward Weston. Carmel, Calif. : Friends of Photography, 1986." ]

[ "This limited him to printing only on sunny days. This limited him to printing only on sunny days. When he wanted a print that was larger than the original negative size, he used an enlarger to create a larger inter-positive, then contact printed it to a new negative. The new larger negative was then used to make a print of that size.", "He continued to use this technique for the rest of his life. Weston was known to extensively use dodging and burning to achieve the look he wanted in his prints. Paper Early in his career Weston printed on several kinds of paper, including Velox, Apex, Convira, Defender Velour Black and Haloid. When he went to Mexico he learned how to use platinum and palladium paper, made by Willis & Clement and imported from England.", "The new larger negative was then used to make a print of that size. This process was very labor-intensive; he once wrote in his Daybooks \"I am utterly exhausted tonight after a whole day in the darkroom, making eight contact negatives from the enlarged positives.\" In 1924 Weston wrote this about his darkroom process, \"I have returned, after several years use of Metol-Hydroquinine open-tank\" developer to a three-solution Pyro developer, and I develop one at a time in a tray instead of a dozen in a tank.\"", "During this time he worked with Cole, Brett, and Dody Thompson (Brett's wife by 1952), to select and have them print a master set of what he considered his best work. They spent many long hours together in the darkroom, and by 1956 they had produced what Weston called \"The Project Prints\", eight sets of 8\" × 10\" prints from 830 of his negatives. The only complete set today is housed at the University of California, Santa Cruz.", "He and Beaumont Newhall selected 313 prints for the exhibition, and eventually 250 photographs were displayed along with 11 negatives. At that time many of his prints were still for sale, and he sold 97 prints from the exhibit at $25 per print. Later that year, Weston was asked by Dr. George L. Waters of Kodak to produce 8 × 10 Kodachrome transparencies for their advertising campaign. Weston had never worked in color before, primarily because he had no means of developing or printing the more complicated color process.", "It was there that he learned to fine-tune his photographic vision to match the visual space of his view camera, and the images he took there, of kelp, rocks and wind-blown trees, are among his finest. Looking at his work from this period, one biographer wrote: \"Weston arranged his compositions so that things happened on the edges; lines almost cross or meet and circular lines just touch the edges tangentially; his compositions were now created exclusively for a space with the proportions of eight by ten.", "Who said this I don't know, but the writer spoke well. I am not a technician and have no interest in technique for its own sake. If my technique is adequate to present my seeing then I need nothing more. I see no reason for recording the obvious. If there is symbolism in my work, it can only be the seeing of parts ‒ fragments ‒ as universal symbols. All basic forms are so closely related as to be visually equivalent.", "On her own Mather photographed \"fans, hands, eggs, melons, waves, bathroom fixtures, seashells and birds wings, all subjects that Weston would also explore.\" A decade later he described her as \"the first important person in my life, and perhaps even now, though personal contact has gone, the most important.\" In early 1915 Weston began keeping detailed journals he later came to call his \"Daybooks\"." ]

[ "Edward Henry Weston (March 24, 1886 – January 1, 1958) was a 20th-century American photographer. He has been called \"one of the most innovative and influential American photographers...\" and \"one of the masters of 20th century photography.\" Over the course of his 40-year career Weston photographed an increasingly expansive set of subjects, including landscapes, still-lifes, nudes, portraits, genre scenes and even whimsical parodies.", "Historian Beaumont Newhall noted the significance of Weston's innovation in his book The History of Photography, saying \"The most important part of Edward Weston's approach was his insistence that the photographer should previsualize the final print before making the exposure.\" In his Daybooks he provided an unusually detailed record of his evolution as an artist. Although he initially denied that his images reflect his own interpretations of the subject matter, by 1932 his writings revealed that he had come to accept the importance of artistic impression in his work.", "Over the course of his 40-year career Weston photographed an increasingly expansive set of subjects, including landscapes, still-lifes, nudes, portraits, genre scenes and even whimsical parodies. It is said that he developed a \"quintessentially American, and especially Californian, approach to modern photography\" because of his focus on the people and places of the American West. In 1937 Weston was the first photographer to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, and over the next two years he produced nearly 1,400 negatives using his 8 × 10 view camera.", "He also followed in the footsteps of his father and became a well-known photographer. It was during this period that Weston first met photographer Johan Hagemeyer, whom Weston mentored and lent his studio to from time to time. Later, Hagemeyer would return the favor by letting Weston use his studio in Carmel after he returned from Mexico. For the next several years Weston continued to earn a living by taking portraits in his small studio which he called \"the shack\".", "1 – July 9, 2002. 1 – July 9, 2002. List of photographs The artistic career of Weston spanned more than forty years, from roughly 1915 to 1956. A prolific photographer, he produced more than 1,000 black-and-white photographs and some 50 color images. This list is an incomplete selection of Weston's better-known photographs. Notes References Sources Abbott, Brett. Edward Weston: Photographs from the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2005. Alinder, Mary Street.", "In 1947 he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and he soon stopped photographing. He spent the remaining ten years of his life overseeing the printing of more than 1,000 of his most famous images. Life and work 1886–1906: Early life Weston was born in Highland Park, Illinois, the second child and only son of Edward Burbank Weston, an obstetrician, and Alice Jeanette Brett, a Shakespearean actress.", "Newhall, Nancy (ed.). Newhall, Nancy (ed.). Edward Weston; The Flame of Recognition: His Photographs Accompanied by Excerpts from the Daybooks & Letters. NY: Aperture, 1971. Pitts, Terence. Edward Weston 1886–1958. Köln: Taschen, 1999. Stebins, Theodore E., Karen Quinn and Leslie Furth. Edward Weston : Photography and Modernism. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1999. Stebins, Theodore E. Weston's Westons : Portraits and Nudes.", "His critical eye paid off for him and he quickly gained more recognition for his work. He won prizes in national competitions, published several more photographs and wrote articles for magazines such as Photo-Era and American Photography, championing the pictorial style. On December 16, 1911, Weston's second son, Theodore Brett Weston (1911–1993), was born. He became a long-time artistic collaborator with his father and an important photographer on his own.", "In 1937 Weston was the first photographer to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, and over the next two years he produced nearly 1,400 negatives using his 8 × 10 view camera. Some of his most famous photographs were taken of the trees and rocks at Point Lobos, California, near where he lived for many years. Weston was born in Chicago and moved to California when he was 21.", "NY : Aperture, 1977. Wilson, Charis. Wilson, Charis. Through Another Lens: My Years with Edward Weston. NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998. Woods, John. Dune: Edward & Brett Weston. Kalispell, MT: Wild Horse Island Press, 2003. External links edward-weston.com Edward Weston Collection at the Center for Creative Photography Ben Maddow \"Edward Weston Lecture\" The Baltimore Museum of Art: Baltimore, Maryland, 1976." ]

[ "The low ISO rating of the sheet film Weston used necessitated very long exposures when using his view camera, ranging from 1 to 3 seconds for outdoor landscape exposures to as long as 4½ hours for still lifes such as peppers or shells. When he used one of the Graflex cameras the exposure times were much shorter (usually less than ¼ second), and he was sometimes able to work without a tripod. Darkroom Weston always made contact prints, meaning that the print was exactly the same size as the negative.", "This was especially challenging when he was traveling since he had to find a darkened room somewhere or else set up a makeshift darkroom made from heavy canvas. In spite of the bulky size of the view camera, Weston boasted he could \"set up the tripod, fasten the camera securely to it, attach the lens to the camera, open the shutter, study the image on the ground glass, focus it, close the shutter, insert the plate holder, cock the shutter, set it to the appropriate aperture and speed, remove the slide from the plate holder, make the exposure, replace the slide, and remove the plate holder in two minutes and twenty seconds.\"", "Weston, Newhall noted, believed in \"massive exposure\", which he then compensated for by hand-processing the film in a weak developer solution and individually inspecting each negative as it continued to develop to get the right balance of highlights and shadows. The low ISO rating of the sheet film Weston used necessitated very long exposures when using his view camera, ranging from 1 to 3 seconds for outdoor landscape exposures to as long as 4½ hours for still lifes such as peppers or shells.", "In June he, Modotti and Brett started traveling around the country in search of lesser known native arts and crafts. His contract required him to give Brenner three finished prints from 400 8x10 negatives, and it took him until November of that year to complete the work. During their travels, Brett received a crash course in photography from his father, and he made more than two dozen prints which his father judged to be of exceptional quality.", "He reported that with his Graflex he once made three dozen negatives of Tina Modotti within 20 minutes.In 1946 a representative from Kodak asked Weston to try out their new Kodachrome film, and over the next two years he made at least 60 8 x 10 color images using this film.\" They were some of the last photographs he took, since by late 1948 he was no longer able to operate a camera due to the effects of his Parkinson's disease.", "The smaller Graflex cameras he used had the advantage of using film magazines that held either 12 or 18 sheets of film. Weston preferred these cameras when taking portraits because he could respond more quickly to the sitter. He reported that with his Graflex he once made three dozen negatives of Tina Modotti within 20 minutes.In 1946 a representative from Kodak asked Weston to try out their new Kodachrome film, and over the next two years he made at least 60 8 x 10 color images using this film.\"", "For the next three years he worked, alone and sometimes with the assistance of family members in his studio. Even at that early stage of his career he was highly particular about his work; in an interview at that time he said \"[photographic] plates are nothing to me unless I get what I want. I have used thirty of them at a sitting if I did not secure the effect to suit me.\" His critical eye paid off for him and he quickly gained more recognition for his work.", "The camera sees more than the eye, so why not make use of it? This then: to photograph a rock, have it look like a rock, but be more than a rock. What then is the end toward which I work? To present the significance of facts, so that they are transformed from things seen to things known. When money enters in ‒ then, for a price, I become a liar ‒ and a good one I can be whether with pencil or subtle lighting or viewpoint.", "In spite of the bulky size of the view camera, Weston boasted he could \"set up the tripod, fasten the camera securely to it, attach the lens to the camera, open the shutter, study the image on the ground glass, focus it, close the shutter, insert the plate holder, cock the shutter, set it to the appropriate aperture and speed, remove the slide from the plate holder, make the exposure, replace the slide, and remove the plate holder in two minutes and twenty seconds.\" The smaller Graflex cameras he used had the advantage of using film magazines that held either 12 or 18 sheets of film." ]

[ "After the show, Densmore met with Manzarek and Krieger; they decided to end their live act, citing their mutual agreement that Morrison was ready to retire from performing. L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971) Despite Morrison's conviction and the fallout from their appearance in New Orleans, the Doors set out to reclaim their status as a premier act with L.A. Woman in 1971.", "In the song \"L.A. Woman\", Morrison makes an anagram of his name to chant \"Mr. Mojo Risin\". During the sessions, a short clip of the band performing \"Crawling King Snake\" was filmed. As far as is known, this is the last clip of the Doors performing with Morrison. On March 13, 1971, following the recording of L.A. Woman, Morrison took a leave of absence from the Doors and moved to Paris with Pamela Courson; he had reportedly visited the city the previous summer.", "On March 13, 1971, following the recording of L.A. Woman, Morrison took a leave of absence from the Doors and moved to Paris with Pamela Courson; he had reportedly visited the city the previous summer. On July 3, 1971, following months of settling, Morrison was found dead in the bath by Courson. Despite the absence of an official autopsy, the reason of death was listed as heart failure. Morrison was buried in the \"Poets' Corner\" of Père Lachaise Cemetery on July 7.", "Denouncing \"Love Her Madly\" as \"cocktail lounge music\", he quit and handed the production to Bruce Botnick and the Doors. The title track and two singles (\"Love Her Madly\" and \"Riders on the Storm\") remain mainstays of rock radio programming, with the latter being inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for its special significance to recorded music. In the song \"L.A. Woman\", Morrison makes an anagram of his name to chant \"Mr. Mojo Risin\".", "I listened to it and I said, ‘Holy shit, that's strong,’\" Manzarek says. \"Basically, it's a variation on ‘Milestones’, by Miles Davis, and if I do say so myself, sounds fucking great, hot as hell.\" The track, called \"Breakn' a Sweat\", was included on Skrillex's EP Bangarang." ]

[ "Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda. Wild Child: Life with Jim Morrison.", "The album features \"Woman in the Window\", a new song with music and a pre-recorded vocal performance provided by Morrison. \"I like to say this is the first new Doors track of the 21st century\", Manzarek said of a new song he recorded with Krieger, Densmore and DJ/producer Skrillex (Sonny Moore). The recording session and song are part of a documentary film, Re:GENERATION, that recruited five popular DJs/producers to work with artists from five separate genres and had them record new music.", "In 2020, Rolling Stone listed the 50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition of Morrison Hotel among \"The Best Box Sets of the Year\". Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda.", "L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971) Despite Morrison's conviction and the fallout from their appearance in New Orleans, the Doors set out to reclaim their status as a premier act with L.A. Woman in 1971. The album included rhythm guitarist Marc Benno on several tracks and prominently featured bassist Jerry Scheff, best known for his work in Elvis Presley's TCB Band. Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No.", "After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971). They were one of the most successful bands during that time and by 1972 the Doors had sold over 4 million albums domestically and nearly 8 million singles. Morrison died in uncertain circumstances in 1971. The band continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973.", "In the song \"L.A. Woman\", Morrison makes an anagram of his name to chant \"Mr. Mojo Risin\". During the sessions, a short clip of the band performing \"Crawling King Snake\" was filmed. As far as is known, this is the last clip of the Doors performing with Morrison. On March 13, 1971, following the recording of L.A. Woman, Morrison took a leave of absence from the Doors and moved to Paris with Pamela Courson; he had reportedly visited the city the previous summer.", "The track, called \"Breakn' a Sweat\", was included on Skrillex's EP Bangarang. In 2013, the remaining members of the Doors recorded with rapper Tech N9ne for the song \"Strange 2013\", appearing on his album Something Else, which features new instrumentation by the band and samples of Morrison's vocals from the song \"Strange Days\". In their final collaboration before Manzarek's death, the three surviving Doors provided backing for poet Michael C. Ford's album Look Each Other in The Ears.", "The band took its name from the title of Aldous Huxley's book The Doors of Perception, itself a reference to a quote by William Blake. After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971).", "Together, they combined varied musical backgrounds, from jazz, rock, blues, and folk music idioms. The five, along with bass player Patty Sullivan, and now christened the Doors, recorded a six-song demo on September 2, 1965, at World Pacific Studios in Los Angeles.", "In 2011, the Doors received a Grammy Award in Best Long Form Music Video for the film When You're Strange, directed by Tom DiCillo. In 2012, Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time included three of their studio albums; the self-titled album at number 42, L.A. Woman at number 362, and Strange Days at number 407. In 2014, the Doors were voted by British Classic Rock magazine's readers to receive that year's Roll of Honour Tommy Vance \"Inspiration\" Award." ]

[ "After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971). They were one of the most successful bands during that time and by 1972 the Doors had sold over 4 million albums domestically and nearly 8 million singles. Morrison died in uncertain circumstances in 1971. The band continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973.", "The band took its name from the title of Aldous Huxley's book The Doors of Perception, itself a reference to a quote by William Blake. After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971).", "L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971) Despite Morrison's conviction and the fallout from their appearance in New Orleans, the Doors set out to reclaim their status as a premier act with L.A. Woman in 1971. The album included rhythm guitarist Marc Benno on several tracks and prominently featured bassist Jerry Scheff, best known for his work in Elvis Presley's TCB Band. Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No.", "The Doors' first album, The Doors, re-entered the Billboard 200 album chart in September 1980 and Elektra Records reported the Doors' albums were selling better than in any year since their original release. In September 1981, Rolling Stone ran a cover story on Morrison and the band, with the title \"Jim Morrison: He's Hot, He's Sexy and He's Dead.\" In response a new compilation album, Greatest Hits, was released in October 1980. The album peaked at No.", "Together, they combined varied musical backgrounds, from jazz, rock, blues, and folk music idioms. The five, along with bass player Patty Sullivan, and now christened the Doors, recorded a six-song demo on September 2, 1965, at World Pacific Studios in Los Angeles.", "In 1979 the song \"The End\" was featured in dramatic fashion in the film Apocalypse Now, and the next year the best-selling biography of Morrison, No One Here Gets Out Alive, was published. The Doors' first album, The Doors, re-entered the Billboard 200 album chart in September 1980 and Elektra Records reported the Doors' albums were selling better than in any year since their original release.", "After the show, Densmore met with Manzarek and Krieger; they decided to end their live act, citing their mutual agreement that Morrison was ready to retire from performing. L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971) Despite Morrison's conviction and the fallout from their appearance in New Orleans, the Doors set out to reclaim their status as a premier act with L.A. Woman in 1971.", "Since the single acquired only minor success, the band turned to \"Light My Fire\"; it became the first single from Elektra Records to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, selling over one million copies. From March 7 to 11, 1967, the Doors performed at the Matrix Club in San Francisco, California. The March 7 and 10 shows were recorded by a co-owner of the Matrix, Peter Abram.", "In 2020, Rolling Stone listed the 50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition of Morrison Hotel among \"The Best Box Sets of the Year\". Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda." ]

[ "After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971). They were one of the most successful bands during that time and by 1972 the Doors had sold over 4 million albums domestically and nearly 8 million singles. Morrison died in uncertain circumstances in 1971. The band continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973.", "The Doors' first album, The Doors, re-entered the Billboard 200 album chart in September 1980 and Elektra Records reported the Doors' albums were selling better than in any year since their original release. In September 1981, Rolling Stone ran a cover story on Morrison and the band, with the title \"Jim Morrison: He's Hot, He's Sexy and He's Dead.\" In response a new compilation album, Greatest Hits, was released in October 1980. The album peaked at No.", "The band took its name from the title of Aldous Huxley's book The Doors of Perception, itself a reference to a quote by William Blake. After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971).", "In 2020, Rolling Stone listed the 50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition of Morrison Hotel among \"The Best Box Sets of the Year\". Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda.", "Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No. Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No. 9, L.A. Woman contained two Top 20 hits and went on to be their second best-selling studio album, surpassed in sales only by their debut. The album explored their R&B roots, although during rehearsals they had a falling-out with Paul Rothchild, who was dissatisfied with the band's effort.", "The Doors were ranked number 20 by top music artists while Rock on the Net readers ranked them number 15. In 2000, the Doors were ranked number 32 on VH1's 100 Greatest Hard Rock Artists, and \"Light My Fire\" was ranked number seven on VH1's Greatest Rock Songs. In 2002, their self-titled album' was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame under the category Rock (Album). In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Doors 41st on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971) Despite Morrison's conviction and the fallout from their appearance in New Orleans, the Doors set out to reclaim their status as a premier act with L.A. Woman in 1971. The album included rhythm guitarist Marc Benno on several tracks and prominently featured bassist Jerry Scheff, best known for his work in Elvis Presley's TCB Band. Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No.", "According to the RIAA, they have sold 34 million albums in the United States and over 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. The Doors have been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by magazines including Rolling Stone, which ranked them 41st on its list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". In 1993, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "In 2011, the Doors received a Grammy Award in Best Long Form Music Video for the film When You're Strange, directed by Tom DiCillo. In 2012, Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time included three of their studio albums; the self-titled album at number 42, L.A. Woman at number 362, and Strange Days at number 407. In 2014, the Doors were voted by British Classic Rock magazine's readers to receive that year's Roll of Honour Tommy Vance \"Inspiration\" Award.", "In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Doors 41st on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Also in 2004, Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time included two of their songs: \"Light My Fire\" at number 35 and \"The End\" at number 328. In 2007, the Doors received a Grammy Award for lifetime achievement. In 2007, the Doors received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame." ]

[ "Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No. Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No. 9, L.A. Woman contained two Top 20 hits and went on to be their second best-selling studio album, surpassed in sales only by their debut. The album explored their R&B roots, although during rehearsals they had a falling-out with Paul Rothchild, who was dissatisfied with the band's effort.", "Together, they combined varied musical backgrounds, from jazz, rock, blues, and folk music idioms. The five, along with bass player Patty Sullivan, and now christened the Doors, recorded a six-song demo on September 2, 1965, at World Pacific Studios in Los Angeles.", "The album features \"Woman in the Window\", a new song with music and a pre-recorded vocal performance provided by Morrison. \"I like to say this is the first new Doors track of the 21st century\", Manzarek said of a new song he recorded with Krieger, Densmore and DJ/producer Skrillex (Sonny Moore). The recording session and song are part of a documentary film, Re:GENERATION, that recruited five popular DJs/producers to work with artists from five separate genres and had them record new music.", "Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda. Wild Child: Life with Jim Morrison.", "After the show, Densmore met with Manzarek and Krieger; they decided to end their live act, citing their mutual agreement that Morrison was ready to retire from performing. L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971) Despite Morrison's conviction and the fallout from their appearance in New Orleans, the Doors set out to reclaim their status as a premier act with L.A. Woman in 1971.", "The band took its name from the title of Aldous Huxley's book The Doors of Perception, itself a reference to a quote by William Blake. After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971).", "In 2020, Rolling Stone listed the 50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition of Morrison Hotel among \"The Best Box Sets of the Year\". Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda.", "After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971). They were one of the most successful bands during that time and by 1972 the Doors had sold over 4 million albums domestically and nearly 8 million singles. Morrison died in uncertain circumstances in 1971. The band continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973.", "In the song \"L.A. Woman\", Morrison makes an anagram of his name to chant \"Mr. Mojo Risin\". During the sessions, a short clip of the band performing \"Crawling King Snake\" was filmed. As far as is known, this is the last clip of the Doors performing with Morrison. On March 13, 1971, following the recording of L.A. Woman, Morrison took a leave of absence from the Doors and moved to Paris with Pamela Courson; he had reportedly visited the city the previous summer." ]

[ "Manzarek was inspired, thinking of all the music he could play to accompany these \"cool and spooky\" lyrics. Manzarek was currently in a band called Rick & the Ravens with his brothers Rick and Jim, while drummer John Densmore was playing with the Psychedelic Rangers and knew Manzarek from meditation classes. Densmore joined the group later in August, 1965. Together, they combined varied musical backgrounds, from jazz, rock, blues, and folk music idioms.", "L.A. Woman and Morrison's death (December 1970 – July 1971) Despite Morrison's conviction and the fallout from their appearance in New Orleans, the Doors set out to reclaim their status as a premier act with L.A. Woman in 1971. The album included rhythm guitarist Marc Benno on several tracks and prominently featured bassist Jerry Scheff, best known for his work in Elvis Presley's TCB Band. Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No.", "Manzarek explained that his keyboard bass was well-suited for live situations but that it lacked the \"articulation\" needed for studio recording. Douglass Lubahn played on Strange Days and the next two albums; but the band used several other musicians for this role, often using more than one bassist on the same album.", "Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No. Despite a comparatively low Billboard chart peak at No. 9, L.A. Woman contained two Top 20 hits and went on to be their second best-selling studio album, surpassed in sales only by their debut. The album explored their R&B roots, although during rehearsals they had a falling-out with Paul Rothchild, who was dissatisfied with the band's effort.", "The recording session and song are part of a documentary film, Re:GENERATION, that recruited five popular DJs/producers to work with artists from five separate genres and had them record new music. Manzarek and Skrillex had an immediate musical connection. \"Sonny plays his beat, all he had to do was play the one thing. I listened to it and I said, ‘Holy shit, that's strong,’\" Manzarek says.", "The chorus from the album's single \"People Are Strange\" inspired the name of the 2009 documentary of the Doors, When You're Strange. Although session musician Larry Knechtel had occasionally contributed bass on the band's debut album, Strange Days was the first Doors album recorded with a studio musician, playing bass on the majority of the record, and this continued on all subsequent studio albums. Manzarek explained that his keyboard bass was well-suited for live situations but that it lacked the \"articulation\" needed for studio recording.", "In late 1965, after Manzarek's two brothers left, guitarist Robby Krieger joined. From February to May 1966, the group had a residency at the \"rundown\" and \"sleazy\" Los Angeles club London Fog, appearing on the bill with \"Rhonda Lane Exotic Dancer\".", "Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda. Wild Child: Life with Jim Morrison.", "Denouncing \"Love Her Madly\" as \"cocktail lounge music\", he quit and handed the production to Bruce Botnick and the Doors. The title track and two singles (\"Love Her Madly\" and \"Riders on the Storm\") remain mainstays of rock radio programming, with the latter being inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for its special significance to recorded music. In the song \"L.A. Woman\", Morrison makes an anagram of his name to chant \"Mr. Mojo Risin\".", "The lead single, \"Touch Me\", featured saxophonist Curtis Amy. While the band was trying to maintain their previous momentum, efforts to expand their sound gave the album an experimental feel, causing critics to attack their musical integrity. According to Densmore in his biography Riders on the Storm, individual writing credits were noted for the first time because of Morrison's reluctance to sing the lyrics of Krieger's song \"Tell All the People\"." ]

[ "During the Doors' last public performance with Morrison, at The Warehouse in New Orleans, on December 12, 1970, Morrison apparently had a breakdown on stage. Midway through the set he slammed the microphone numerous times into the stage floor until the platform beneath was destroyed, then sat down and refused to perform for the remainder of the show. After the show, Densmore met with Manzarek and Krieger; they decided to end their live act, citing their mutual agreement that Morrison was ready to retire from performing.", "Both Morrison and his friend and traveling companion Tom Baker were charged with \"interfering with the flight of an intercontinental aircraft and public drunkenness\". If convicted of the most serious charge, Morrison could have faced a ten-year federal prison sentence for the incident. The charges were dropped in April 1970 after an airline stewardess reversed her testimony to say she mistakenly identified Morrison as Baker. The Doors staged a return to a more conventional direction after the experimental The Soft Parade, with their 1970 LP Morrison Hotel, their fifth album.", "On December 8, 1970, his 27th birthday, Morrison recorded another poetry session. Part of this would end up on An American Prayer in 1978 with music, and is currently in the possession of the Courson family. Shortly thereafter, a new tour to promote their upcoming album would comprise only three dates. Two concerts were held in Dallas on December 11. During the Doors' last public performance with Morrison, at The Warehouse in New Orleans, on December 12, 1970, Morrison apparently had a breakdown on stage.", "After signing with Elektra Records in 1966, the Doors with Morrison released six albums in five years, some of which are considered among the greatest of all time, including their self-titled debut (1967), Strange Days (1967), and L.A. Woman (1971). They were one of the most successful bands during that time and by 1972 the Doors had sold over 4 million albums domestically and nearly 8 million singles. Morrison died in uncertain circumstances in 1971. The band continued as a trio until disbanding in 1973.", "The results of the trip were broadcast on Granada TV's The Doors Are Open, later released on video. They played dates in Europe, along with Jefferson Airplane, including a show in Amsterdam where Morrison collapsed on stage after a drug binge (including marijuana, hashish and unspecified pills). The group flew back to the United States and played nine more dates before returning to work in November on their fourth LP.", "Band members Jim Morrison – lead vocals, harmonica, percussion (1965–1971; died 1971) Ray Manzarek – keyboards, keyboard bass, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978; 2012; died 2013) Robby Krieger – electric guitar, backing and lead vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) John Densmore – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1973, 1978, 2012) Discography The Doors (1967) Strange Days (1967) Waiting for the Sun (1968) The Soft Parade (1969) Morrison Hotel (1970) L.A. Woman (1971) Other Voices (1971) Full Circle (1972) An American Prayer (1978) Videography The Doors Are Open (1968) A Tribute to Jim Morrison (1981) Dance on Fire (1985) Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1987) Live in Europe 1968 (1989) The Doors (1991) The Soft Parade a Retrospective (1991) The Best of the Doors (1997) The Doors Collection – Collector's Edition (1999) VH1 Storytellers – The Doors: A Celebration (2001) The Doors – 30 Years Commemorative Edition (2001) No One Here Gets Out Alive (2001) Soundstage Performances (2002) The Doors of the 21st Century: L.A. Woman Live (2003) The Doors Collector's Edition – (3 DVD) (2005) Classic Albums: The Doors (2008) When You're Strange (2009) Mr. Mojo Risin' : The Story of L.A. Woman (2011) Live at the Bowl '68 (2012) R-Evolution (2013) The Doors Special Edition – (3 DVD) (2013) Feast of Friends (2014) Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 (2018) Break on Thru: Celebration of Ray Manzarek and The Doors (2018) Notes References Sources Further reading Ashcroft, Linda. Wild Child: Life with Jim Morrison.", "After Holzman and producer Paul A. Rothchild saw two sets of the band playing at the Whisky a Go Go, they signed them to the Elektra Records label on August 18 — the start of a long and successful partnership with Rothchild and sound engineer Bruce Botnick. The Doors were fired from the Whisky on August 21, 1966, when Morrison added an explicit retelling and profanity-laden version of the Greek myth of Oedipus during \"The End\".", "While Full Circle was notable for adding elements of funk and jazz to the classic Doors sound, the band struggled with Manzarek and Krieger leading (neither of the post-Morrison albums had reached the Top 10 while all six of their albums with Morrison had). Once their contract with Elektra had elapsed the Doors disbanded in 1973. Reunions The third post-Morrison album, An American Prayer, was released in 1978. It consisted of the band adding musical backing tracks to previously recorded spoken word performances of Morrison reciting his poetry." ]

[ "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and occasional actor. He has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling musicians of all time. He has had ten No.", "The Very Best of Neil Diamond, a compilation CD of Diamond's 23 studio recordings from the Bang, UNI/MCA, & Columbia catalogs, was released on December 6, 2011, on the Sony Legacy label. The years 2011 and 2012 were marked by several milestones in Diamond's career. On March 14, 2011, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at a ceremony at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.", "In 1966, Diamond signed a deal with Bert Berns's Bang Records, then a subsidiary of Atlantic. His first release on that label was \"Solitary Man\", which was his first true hit as a solo artist. Diamond followed with \"Cherry, Cherry\" and \"Kentucky Woman\". His early concerts featured him opening for bands such as Herman's Hermits and the Who.", "The album debuted at No. The album debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard chart, and received generally positive reviews; Earliwine describes the album as \"inarguably Neil Diamond's best set of songs in a long, long time.\" 12 Songs also became noteworthy as one of the last albums to be pressed and released by Sony BMG with the Extended Copy Protection software embedded in the disc. (See the 2005 Sony BMG CD copy protection scandal.)", "Among them were \"Cherry, Cherry\" and \"Solitary Man\". \"Solitary Man\" was the first record that Diamond recorded under his own name which made the charts. It remains one of his personal all-time favorites, as it was about his early years as a songwriter, even though he failed to realize it at the time. He describes the song as \"an outgrowth of my despair\". Diamond spent his early career in the Brill Building.", "The album also included a new slow-tempo arrangement of his \"I'm a Believer\". In December, he performed a track from the album, \"Ain't No Sunshine\", on NBC's The Sing-Off with Committed and Street Corner Symphony, two a cappella groups featured on the show. The Very Best of Neil Diamond, a compilation CD of Diamond's 23 studio recordings from the Bang, UNI/MCA, & Columbia catalogs, was released on December 6, 2011, on the Sony Legacy label.", "Greater success followed with \"I'm a Believer\", \"A Little Bit Me, a Little Bit You\", \"Look Out (Here Comes Tomorrow)\", and \"Love to Love\", all performed by the Monkees. He wrote and recorded the songs for himself, but the cover versions were released before his own. The unintended consequence was that Diamond began to gain fame as a songwriter.", "His early concerts featured him opening for bands such as Herman's Hermits and the Who. As a guest performer with The Who, he was shocked to see Pete Townshend swinging his guitar like a club and then throwing it against walls and off the stage until the instrument's neck broke. Diamond began to feel restricted by Bang Records because he wanted to record more ambitious, introspective music, such as \"Brooklyn Roads\" from 1968.", "To \"channel the intimate atmosphere of '60s folk, Diamond recorded Acoustic Christmas with a handful of musicians, sitting around a circle of microphones, wires and, of course, Christmas lights.\" In March 2017, the career-spanning anthology Neil Diamond 50 – 50th Anniversary Collection was released. He began his final concert tour, the 50 Year Anniversary World Tour in Fresno, California, in April.", "The San Diego Union-Tribune wrote: \"This, my friends, wasn’t your grandfather's Neil Diamond concert. It was a multimedia extravaganza. Twitter. Periscope...It was a social media blitzkrieg that, by all accounts, proved to be an innovative way to widen his fan base.\" In October 2016, Diamond released Acoustic Christmas, a folk-inspired Christmas album of original songs as well as acoustic versions of holiday classics." ]

[ "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and occasional actor. He has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling musicians of all time. He has had ten No.", "The Very Best of Neil Diamond, a compilation CD of Diamond's 23 studio recordings from the Bang, UNI/MCA, & Columbia catalogs, was released on December 6, 2011, on the Sony Legacy label. The years 2011 and 2012 were marked by several milestones in Diamond's career. On March 14, 2011, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at a ceremony at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.", "Thirty-eight songs by Diamond have been featured in the Top 10 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary charts. He also played in movies such as The Jazz Singer, a musical drama film. Diamond was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1984 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2011, and he received the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. In 2011, he was an honoree at the Kennedy Center Honors, and he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.", "Tour dates on the final leg of Diamond's \"50 Year Anniversary World Tour\" in Australia and New Zealand were cancelled. An announcement on his official website said he was not retiring from music and that the cancellation of the live performances would allow him to \"continue his writing, recording and development of new projects.\"", "His early concerts featured him opening for bands such as Herman's Hermits and the Who. As a guest performer with The Who, he was shocked to see Pete Townshend swinging his guitar like a club and then throwing it against walls and off the stage until the instrument's neck broke. Diamond began to feel restricted by Bang Records because he wanted to record more ambitious, introspective music, such as \"Brooklyn Roads\" from 1968.", "To \"channel the intimate atmosphere of '60s folk, Diamond recorded Acoustic Christmas with a handful of musicians, sitting around a circle of microphones, wires and, of course, Christmas lights.\" In March 2017, the career-spanning anthology Neil Diamond 50 – 50th Anniversary Collection was released. He began his final concert tour, the 50 Year Anniversary World Tour in Fresno, California, in April.", "The acquisition also included 110 unreleased tracks, an unreleased album and archival videos. Retirement In January 2018, Diamond announced that he would immediately retire from touring due to having been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Tour dates on the final leg of Diamond's \"50 Year Anniversary World Tour\" in Australia and New Zealand were cancelled.", "In addition to serving as Diamond's manager, McNeil produced the documentary Neil Diamond: Hot August Nights NYC. Discography Filmography Diamond had a television appearance and roles in some movies, notably: Mannix, \"The Many Deaths of Saint Christopher\" (1967) as himself The Jazz Singer, starring role as Jess Robin Saving Silverman appearing as himself Notes References External links Neil Diamond's Band's Official Site 1941 births Living people 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American pianists 20th-century American singers 21st-century American pianists 21st-century American singers Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn) alumni American acoustic guitarists American baritones American folk guitarists American male guitarists American male pianists American male singer-songwriters American pop guitarists American pop rock singers American rock guitarists American rock songwriters American soft rock musicians American people of Polish-Jewish descent American people of Russian-Jewish descent Jewish American musicians Jewish American songwriters Jewish singers Jewish folk singers Jewish rock musicians Erasmus Hall High School alumni Capitol Records artists Columbia Records artists MCA Records artists NYU Violets fencers Uni Records artists Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Kennedy Center honorees Rhythm guitarists Musicians from Brooklyn Guitarists from New York City Singers from New York City People with Parkinson's disease Singer-songwriters from New York (state)", "The San Diego Union-Tribune wrote: \"This, my friends, wasn’t your grandfather's Neil Diamond concert. It was a multimedia extravaganza. Twitter. Periscope...It was a social media blitzkrieg that, by all accounts, proved to be an innovative way to widen his fan base.\" In October 2016, Diamond released Acoustic Christmas, a folk-inspired Christmas album of original songs as well as acoustic versions of holiday classics.", "Often his arrogance is just a cover for the lonely and insecure person underneath.\" Despite the controversy surrounding the film, the soundtrack was a success, peaking at No. 2 on the Billboard albums chart. Diamond also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture." ]

[ "Tour dates on the final leg of Diamond's \"50 Year Anniversary World Tour\" in Australia and New Zealand were cancelled. An announcement on his official website said he was not retiring from music and that the cancellation of the live performances would allow him to \"continue his writing, recording and development of new projects.\"", "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and occasional actor. He has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling musicians of all time. He has had ten No.", "To \"channel the intimate atmosphere of '60s folk, Diamond recorded Acoustic Christmas with a handful of musicians, sitting around a circle of microphones, wires and, of course, Christmas lights.\" In March 2017, the career-spanning anthology Neil Diamond 50 – 50th Anniversary Collection was released. He began his final concert tour, the 50 Year Anniversary World Tour in Fresno, California, in April.", "The acquisition also included 110 unreleased tracks, an unreleased album and archival videos. Retirement In January 2018, Diamond announced that he would immediately retire from touring due to having been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Tour dates on the final leg of Diamond's \"50 Year Anniversary World Tour\" in Australia and New Zealand were cancelled.", "In addition to serving as Diamond's manager, McNeil produced the documentary Neil Diamond: Hot August Nights NYC. Discography Filmography Diamond had a television appearance and roles in some movies, notably: Mannix, \"The Many Deaths of Saint Christopher\" (1967) as himself The Jazz Singer, starring role as Jess Robin Saving Silverman appearing as himself Notes References External links Neil Diamond's Band's Official Site 1941 births Living people 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American pianists 20th-century American singers 21st-century American pianists 21st-century American singers Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn) alumni American acoustic guitarists American baritones American folk guitarists American male guitarists American male pianists American male singer-songwriters American pop guitarists American pop rock singers American rock guitarists American rock songwriters American soft rock musicians American people of Polish-Jewish descent American people of Russian-Jewish descent Jewish American musicians Jewish American songwriters Jewish singers Jewish folk singers Jewish rock musicians Erasmus Hall High School alumni Capitol Records artists Columbia Records artists MCA Records artists NYU Violets fencers Uni Records artists Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Kennedy Center honorees Rhythm guitarists Musicians from Brooklyn Guitarists from New York City Singers from New York City People with Parkinson's disease Singer-songwriters from New York (state)", "His early concerts featured him opening for bands such as Herman's Hermits and the Who. As a guest performer with The Who, he was shocked to see Pete Townshend swinging his guitar like a club and then throwing it against walls and off the stage until the instrument's neck broke. Diamond began to feel restricted by Bang Records because he wanted to record more ambitious, introspective music, such as \"Brooklyn Roads\" from 1968.", "The Very Best of Neil Diamond, a compilation CD of Diamond's 23 studio recordings from the Bang, UNI/MCA, & Columbia catalogs, was released on December 6, 2011, on the Sony Legacy label. The years 2011 and 2012 were marked by several milestones in Diamond's career. On March 14, 2011, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at a ceremony at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.", "1 for 29 weeks and stayed in their top 20 bestsellers for two years. In the fall of 1972, Diamond performed for 20 consecutive nights at the Winter Garden Theater in New York City. That theater had not staged a one-man show since Al Jolson in the 1930s. The approximately 1,600-seat Broadway venue provided an intimate concert setting not common at the time, with every performance reportedly sold out. It also made Diamond the first rock-era star to headline on Broadway.", "Thirty-eight songs by Diamond have been featured in the Top 10 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary charts. He also played in movies such as The Jazz Singer, a musical drama film. Diamond was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1984 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2011, and he received the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. In 2011, he was an honoree at the Kennedy Center Honors, and he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.", "On June 29, 2008, Diamond played to an estimated 108,000 fans at the Glastonbury Festival in Somerset, England on the Concert of a Lifetime Tour; technical problems marred the concert. In August, Diamond allowed cameras to record his entire four-night run at New York's Madison Square Garden; he released the resulting DVD in the U.S. in 2009, one year to the day of the first concert. Hot August Night/NYC debuted at No. 2 on the charts." ]

[ "To \"channel the intimate atmosphere of '60s folk, Diamond recorded Acoustic Christmas with a handful of musicians, sitting around a circle of microphones, wires and, of course, Christmas lights.\" In March 2017, the career-spanning anthology Neil Diamond 50 – 50th Anniversary Collection was released. He began his final concert tour, the 50 Year Anniversary World Tour in Fresno, California, in April.", "The San Diego Union-Tribune wrote: \"This, my friends, wasn’t your grandfather's Neil Diamond concert. It was a multimedia extravaganza. Twitter. Periscope...It was a social media blitzkrieg that, by all accounts, proved to be an innovative way to widen his fan base.\" In October 2016, Diamond released Acoustic Christmas, a folk-inspired Christmas album of original songs as well as acoustic versions of holiday classics.", "In addition to serving as Diamond's manager, McNeil produced the documentary Neil Diamond: Hot August Nights NYC. Discography Filmography Diamond had a television appearance and roles in some movies, notably: Mannix, \"The Many Deaths of Saint Christopher\" (1967) as himself The Jazz Singer, starring role as Jess Robin Saving Silverman appearing as himself Notes References External links Neil Diamond's Band's Official Site 1941 births Living people 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American pianists 20th-century American singers 21st-century American pianists 21st-century American singers Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn) alumni American acoustic guitarists American baritones American folk guitarists American male guitarists American male pianists American male singer-songwriters American pop guitarists American pop rock singers American rock guitarists American rock songwriters American soft rock musicians American people of Polish-Jewish descent American people of Russian-Jewish descent Jewish American musicians Jewish American songwriters Jewish singers Jewish folk singers Jewish rock musicians Erasmus Hall High School alumni Capitol Records artists Columbia Records artists MCA Records artists NYU Violets fencers Uni Records artists Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Kennedy Center honorees Rhythm guitarists Musicians from Brooklyn Guitarists from New York City Singers from New York City People with Parkinson's disease Singer-songwriters from New York (state)", "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and occasional actor. He has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling musicians of all time. He has had ten No.", "On March 14, 2011, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at a ceremony at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. In December, he received a lifetime achievement award from the Kennedy Center at the 2011 Kennedy Center Honors. On August 10, 2012, Diamond received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In November 2012, he topped the bill at the centenary edition of the Royal Variety Performance in the UK, which was transmitted on December 3.", "On August 25, 2008, Diamond performed at The Ohio State University while suffering from laryngitis. The result disappointed him as well as his fans, and on August 26, he offered refunds to anyone who applied by September 5. Diamond was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year on February 6, 2009, two nights before the 51st Annual Grammy Awards. Long loved in Boston, Diamond was invited to sing at the July 4, 2009, Independence Day celebration.", "The Very Best of Neil Diamond, a compilation CD of Diamond's 23 studio recordings from the Bang, UNI/MCA, & Columbia catalogs, was released on December 6, 2011, on the Sony Legacy label. The years 2011 and 2012 were marked by several milestones in Diamond's career. On March 14, 2011, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at a ceremony at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.", "Tour dates on the final leg of Diamond's \"50 Year Anniversary World Tour\" in Australia and New Zealand were cancelled. An announcement on his official website said he was not retiring from music and that the cancellation of the live performances would allow him to \"continue his writing, recording and development of new projects.\"", "It also made Diamond the first rock-era star to headline on Broadway. The review in the New York Times stated: After the Winter Garden shows, Diamond announced that he needed a break, and he engaged in no more live performances till 1976. He used those four years to work on the score for Hall Bartlett's film version of Richard Bach's Jonathan Livingston Seagull and to record two albums, Serenade and Beautiful Noise." ]

[ "Baseball career Evansville and Indianapolis In July 1884, Thompson began his professional baseball career at age 24, playing for the Evansville, Indiana, team in the Northwestern League. A scout for Evansville travelled to Danville and was referred to \"Big Sam\", who was working on a roof in Stinesville. Thompson was initially reluctant to give up his carpentry career and travel 150 miles to Evansville, but he ultimately agreed to give it a try. Unfortunately, the league folded in early August 1884, after only five games.", "Bill Watkins, who managed Thompson in Detroit, recalled: \"He was a fine fielder and had a cannon arm and will live in my memory as the greatest natural hitter of all time.\" In a 1913 story on Thompson, Detroit sports writer Maclean Kennedy noted that Thompson's drives \"were the direct cause of more hats being smashed, more backs that were thumped til they were black and blue by some wild-eyed fan sitting in the seat behind, more outbursts of frenzied shrieks and howls of glee, than those of any other player who ever wore a Detroit uniform\", barring only the two great stars of the day, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford.", "Unfortunately, the league folded in early August 1884, after only five games. In five games at Evansville, Thompson compiled a .391 batting average. Thompson signed with the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the newly formed Western League in 1885. He compiled a .321 average in 30 games with the Hoosiers. He was approached by a Union Association team and offered more money, but in a show of \"steadfastness to his word\", Thompson refused the offer and remained with Indianapolis at a pay of $100 per month.", "1893–1895 From 1893 to 1895, Thompson hit his stride with the Phillies. During those three years, he hit .390 and averaged 207 hits, 125 runs, 146 RBIs, 21 triples, and 24 stolen bases. And he compiled those numbers while striking out an average of only 14 times per season. Despite Thompson's contributions, the Phillies were unable to compete for the National League pennant, finishing in fourth place in 1893 and 1894 and in third place in 1895.", "In 1897, at age 37, Thompson was sidelined by pain and appeared in only three games. Some accounts suggest that Thompson's absence from the lineup may have also been the result of his not getting along with Philadelphia's new manager George Stallings. Without Thompson, the 1897 Phillies dropped to 10th place with a 55-77 record. Before the 1898 season began, Thompson gave an interview in which he questioned the Phillies chances to compete in 1898: \"What are the Phillies' chances this season?", "Samuel Luther \"Big Sam\" Thompson (March 5, 1860 – November 7, 1922) was an American professional baseball player from 1884 to 1898 and with a brief comeback in 1906. At , the Indiana native was one of the larger players of his day and was known for his prominent handlebar mustache. He played as a right fielder in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Wolverines (1885–1888), Philadelphia Phillies (1889–1898) and Detroit Tigers (1906).", "Despite Thompson's contributions, the Phillies were unable to compete for the National League pennant, finishing in fourth place in 1893 and 1894 and in third place in 1895. Thompson's 1893 totals included a league-leading 222 hits and 37 doubles. After the 1893 season, Thompson vowed not to return to Philadelphia in protest over the owners' penny-pinching ways and the team's inability to compete for a pennant.", "After the 1893 season, Thompson vowed not to return to Philadelphia in protest over the owners' penny-pinching ways and the team's inability to compete for a pennant. In October 1893, Thompson announced: \"I shall not play again in Philadelphia, and I told Harry Wright it would be a waste of time for him to write to me about signing. The cheese-paring methods of the management ... have been the causes leading to my resolution. ...", "However, Thompson opted to leave the team in May 1898 and return to his home in Detroit. His sudden retirement has been attributed to a \"combination of homesickness and chronic back pain.\" Other accounts indicate that continued tension with manager Stallings contributed to Thompson's decision to retire. Detroit Tigers Late in the 1906 baseball season, Thompson briefly returned to the major leagues as a player for the Detroit Tigers. With starting outfielders Ty Cobb and Davy Jones out of the Tigers lineup with injuries, Thompson volunteered to fill in.", "In a 1913 story on Thompson, Detroit sports writer Maclean Kennedy noted that Thompson's drives \"were the direct cause of more hats being smashed, more backs that were thumped til they were black and blue by some wild-eyed fan sitting in the seat behind, more outbursts of frenzied shrieks and howls of glee, than those of any other player who ever wore a Detroit uniform\", barring only the two great stars of the day, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford. Family and later years Thompson was married in 1888 to Ida Morasha of Detroit." ]

[ "However, Thompson opted to leave the team in May 1898 and return to his home in Detroit. His sudden retirement has been attributed to a \"combination of homesickness and chronic back pain.\" Other accounts indicate that continued tension with manager Stallings contributed to Thompson's decision to retire. Detroit Tigers Late in the 1906 baseball season, Thompson briefly returned to the major leagues as a player for the Detroit Tigers. With starting outfielders Ty Cobb and Davy Jones out of the Tigers lineup with injuries, Thompson volunteered to fill in.", "Samuel Luther \"Big Sam\" Thompson (March 5, 1860 – November 7, 1922) was an American professional baseball player from 1884 to 1898 and with a brief comeback in 1906. At , the Indiana native was one of the larger players of his day and was known for his prominent handlebar mustache. He played as a right fielder in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Wolverines (1885–1888), Philadelphia Phillies (1889–1898) and Detroit Tigers (1906).", "After the 1893 season, Thompson vowed not to return to Philadelphia in protest over the owners' penny-pinching ways and the team's inability to compete for a pennant. In October 1893, Thompson announced: \"I shall not play again in Philadelphia, and I told Harry Wright it would be a waste of time for him to write to me about signing. The cheese-paring methods of the management ... have been the causes leading to my resolution. ...", "In a 1913 story on Thompson, Detroit sports writer Maclean Kennedy noted that Thompson's drives \"were the direct cause of more hats being smashed, more backs that were thumped til they were black and blue by some wild-eyed fan sitting in the seat behind, more outbursts of frenzied shrieks and howls of glee, than those of any other player who ever wore a Detroit uniform\", barring only the two great stars of the day, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford. Family and later years Thompson was married in 1888 to Ida Morasha of Detroit.", "With starting outfielders Ty Cobb and Davy Jones out of the Tigers lineup with injuries, Thompson volunteered to fill in. At age 46, Thompson had remained active, playing baseball for the Detroit Athletic Club and other local teams. Accordingly, in late August and early September 1906, he took his old place in right field for Detroit. Thompson's return to baseball led to an increase in attendance, as \"the stands and bleachers were full of special Thompson delegations.\"", "Thompson's throwing remained strong as he turned in one of the finest defensive performances of his career. Despite appearing in only 119 games in the outfield, he led the league in outfield fielding percentage (.974), outfield assists (28), and double plays from the outfield (11). One sports writer noted that, even at age 38, Thompson \"possessed an arm that the fastest sprinters in the big league had a lot of respect for.\"", "Baseball career Evansville and Indianapolis In July 1884, Thompson began his professional baseball career at age 24, playing for the Evansville, Indiana, team in the Northwestern League. A scout for Evansville travelled to Danville and was referred to \"Big Sam\", who was working on a roof in Stinesville. Thompson was initially reluctant to give up his carpentry career and travel 150 miles to Evansville, but he ultimately agreed to give it a try. Unfortunately, the league folded in early August 1884, after only five games.", "Bill Watkins, who managed Thompson in Detroit, recalled: \"He was a fine fielder and had a cannon arm and will live in my memory as the greatest natural hitter of all time.\" In a 1913 story on Thompson, Detroit sports writer Maclean Kennedy noted that Thompson's drives \"were the direct cause of more hats being smashed, more backs that were thumped til they were black and blue by some wild-eyed fan sitting in the seat behind, more outbursts of frenzied shrieks and howls of glee, than those of any other player who ever wore a Detroit uniform\", barring only the two great stars of the day, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford.", "Unfortunately, the league folded in early August 1884, after only five games. In five games at Evansville, Thompson compiled a .391 batting average. Thompson signed with the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the newly formed Western League in 1885. He compiled a .321 average in 30 games with the Hoosiers. He was approached by a Union Association team and offered more money, but in a show of \"steadfastness to his word\", Thompson refused the offer and remained with Indianapolis at a pay of $100 per month.", "He was approached by a Union Association team and offered more money, but in a show of \"steadfastness to his word\", Thompson refused the offer and remained with Indianapolis at a pay of $100 per month. The Hoosiers were the dominant team in the Western League, compiling an .880 winning percentage." ]

[ "Samuel Luther \"Big Sam\" Thompson (March 5, 1860 – November 7, 1922) was an American professional baseball player from 1884 to 1898 and with a brief comeback in 1906. At , the Indiana native was one of the larger players of his day and was known for his prominent handlebar mustache. He played as a right fielder in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Wolverines (1885–1888), Philadelphia Phillies (1889–1898) and Detroit Tigers (1906).", "Baseball career Evansville and Indianapolis In July 1884, Thompson began his professional baseball career at age 24, playing for the Evansville, Indiana, team in the Northwestern League. A scout for Evansville travelled to Danville and was referred to \"Big Sam\", who was working on a roof in Stinesville. Thompson was initially reluctant to give up his carpentry career and travel 150 miles to Evansville, but he ultimately agreed to give it a try. Unfortunately, the league folded in early August 1884, after only five games.", "Unfortunately, the league folded in early August 1884, after only five games. In five games at Evansville, Thompson compiled a .391 batting average. Thompson signed with the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the newly formed Western League in 1885. He compiled a .321 average in 30 games with the Hoosiers. He was approached by a Union Association team and offered more money, but in a show of \"steadfastness to his word\", Thompson refused the offer and remained with Indianapolis at a pay of $100 per month.", "However, Thompson opted to leave the team in May 1898 and return to his home in Detroit. His sudden retirement has been attributed to a \"combination of homesickness and chronic back pain.\" Other accounts indicate that continued tension with manager Stallings contributed to Thompson's decision to retire. Detroit Tigers Late in the 1906 baseball season, Thompson briefly returned to the major leagues as a player for the Detroit Tigers. With starting outfielders Ty Cobb and Davy Jones out of the Tigers lineup with injuries, Thompson volunteered to fill in.", "After the 1893 season, Thompson vowed not to return to Philadelphia in protest over the owners' penny-pinching ways and the team's inability to compete for a pennant. In October 1893, Thompson announced: \"I shall not play again in Philadelphia, and I told Harry Wright it would be a waste of time for him to write to me about signing. The cheese-paring methods of the management ... have been the causes leading to my resolution. ...", "Six clubs, Cincinnati Baltimore, Boston, New York, Cleveland and Brooklyn are bound to beat them, and they will have to fight hard to lead the second division, and I very much doubt if they can do that.\" Though his loyalty to the Phillies was questioned, Thompson did return in 1898 and was batting .349 with 15 RBIs, five doubles, three triples, a home run after 14 games. However, Thompson opted to leave the team in May 1898 and return to his home in Detroit.", "After three days, the players became suspicious, but the ship captain laughed when asked when they would return to Detroit. As the players became mutinous on the sixth day, the captain admitted he had been ordered to keep them \"out at sea\" for 10 days. In another account, Thompson described his 10 days aboard the Annette as follows: \"We were prisoners, but well cared-for prisoners. Anything in the line of creature comforts you could find packed away on ice.", "With starting outfielders Ty Cobb and Davy Jones out of the Tigers lineup with injuries, Thompson volunteered to fill in. At age 46, Thompson had remained active, playing baseball for the Detroit Athletic Club and other local teams. Accordingly, in late August and early September 1906, he took his old place in right field for Detroit. Thompson's return to baseball led to an increase in attendance, as \"the stands and bleachers were full of special Thompson delegations.\"", "Despite Thompson's contributions, the Phillies were unable to compete for the National League pennant, finishing in fourth place in 1893 and 1894 and in third place in 1895. Thompson's 1893 totals included a league-leading 222 hits and 37 doubles. After the 1893 season, Thompson vowed not to return to Philadelphia in protest over the owners' penny-pinching ways and the team's inability to compete for a pennant.", "He was approached by a Union Association team and offered more money, but in a show of \"steadfastness to his word\", Thompson refused the offer and remained with Indianapolis at a pay of $100 per month. The Hoosiers were the dominant team in the Western League, compiling an .880 winning percentage." ]

[ "In a 1913 story on Thompson, Detroit sports writer Maclean Kennedy noted that Thompson's drives \"were the direct cause of more hats being smashed, more backs that were thumped til they were black and blue by some wild-eyed fan sitting in the seat behind, more outbursts of frenzied shrieks and howls of glee, than those of any other player who ever wore a Detroit uniform\", barring only the two great stars of the day, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford. Family and later years Thompson was married in 1888 to Ida Morasha of Detroit.", "Bill Watkins, who managed Thompson in Detroit, recalled: \"He was a fine fielder and had a cannon arm and will live in my memory as the greatest natural hitter of all time.\" In a 1913 story on Thompson, Detroit sports writer Maclean Kennedy noted that Thompson's drives \"were the direct cause of more hats being smashed, more backs that were thumped til they were black and blue by some wild-eyed fan sitting in the seat behind, more outbursts of frenzied shrieks and howls of glee, than those of any other player who ever wore a Detroit uniform\", barring only the two great stars of the day, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford.", "Detroit sports writer Paul H. Bruske noted that Thompson was still able to throw the ball from deep right field to the plate \"on a line\" and that he still had \"a lot of speed on the bases.\" Career statistics and legacy In 15 major league seasons, Thompson compiled a .331 batting average with 1,988 hits, 343 doubles, 161 triples, 126 home runs, 1,305 RBIs, and 232 stolen bases. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974.", "Despite playing only the second half of his rookie season, Thompson ranked among the National League leaders with seven home runs (third most in the league) and nine triples (10th most in the league). Displaying a strong arm that would be one of the main features of his defensive game, Thompson also ranked fifth in the league with 24 outfield assists in only 63 games.", "Samuel Luther \"Big Sam\" Thompson (March 5, 1860 – November 7, 1922) was an American professional baseball player from 1884 to 1898 and with a brief comeback in 1906. At , the Indiana native was one of the larger players of his day and was known for his prominent handlebar mustache. He played as a right fielder in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Wolverines (1885–1888), Philadelphia Phillies (1889–1898) and Detroit Tigers (1906).", "After the 1893 season, Thompson vowed not to return to Philadelphia in protest over the owners' penny-pinching ways and the team's inability to compete for a pennant. In October 1893, Thompson announced: \"I shall not play again in Philadelphia, and I told Harry Wright it would be a waste of time for him to write to me about signing. The cheese-paring methods of the management ... have been the causes leading to my resolution. ...", "The cheese-paring methods of the management ... have been the causes leading to my resolution. ... ... The management [has] made a barrel of money, but they grind the players into the dirt.\" Thompson finally agreed in March 1894 to return to the Phillies, but only after management agreed to improve travel accommodations. In 1894, Thompson was part of the only all-.400-hitting outfield of all-time.", "After three days, the players became suspicious, but the ship captain laughed when asked when they would return to Detroit. As the players became mutinous on the sixth day, the captain admitted he had been ordered to keep them \"out at sea\" for 10 days. In another account, Thompson described his 10 days aboard the Annette as follows: \"We were prisoners, but well cared-for prisoners. Anything in the line of creature comforts you could find packed away on ice.", "Before the 1898 season began, Thompson gave an interview in which he questioned the Phillies chances to compete in 1898: \"What are the Phillies' chances this season? Six clubs, Cincinnati Baltimore, Boston, New York, Cleveland and Brooklyn are bound to beat them, and they will have to fight hard to lead the second division, and I very much doubt if they can do that.\"", "Upon learning of Thompson's death, his former Detroit manager Bill Watkins recalled Thompson as \"not only a great baseball player, but as one of the finest gentlemen I ever knew.\" At Thompson's funeral, \"Michigan's foremost citizens – state and city officials, judges, bankers, doctors, millionaires, laborers – paid homage ... to their beloved friend\", and the neighborhood in which Thompson lived \"was packed with expensive automobiles and their liveried chauffeurs\" as workmen and wealthy men \"discussed their favorite player with an unusual spirit of camaraderie.\"" ]

[ "Following this success, Foxx was given his own television sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show, in which he starred, co-created and produced, airing for five highly rated seasons from 1996 to 2001 on The WB Television Network. He subsequently became widely known for his portrayal of Ray Charles in the 2004 biographical film Ray, for which he won the Academy Award, BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild Award, Critics' Choice Movie Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, becoming the second actor to win all five major lead actor awards for the same performance.", "He subsequently became widely known for his portrayal of Ray Charles in the 2004 biographical film Ray, for which he won the Academy Award, BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild Award, Critics' Choice Movie Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, becoming the second actor to win all five major lead actor awards for the same performance. That same year, Foxx was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the crime film Collateral.", "Following on from these successes, Foxx went on to appear in the box-office hits Jarhead, Miami Vice and Dreamgirls, which lifted his profile even higher as a bankable star in Hollywood. 2007–2009: Intuition 2007 brought him the lead role in the action thriller film The Kingdom opposite Chris Cooper, Jason Bateman, Jennifer Garner and Ashraf Barhom. In September 2007, Foxx was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: \"[it was] one of the most amazing days of my life,\" said Foxx.", "The album also charted on the UK Albums Chart, where it peaked at No. 9. Foxx became the fourth artist to have both won an Academy Award for an acting role and to have achieved a No. 1 album in the U.S, joining Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby and Barbra Streisand.", "In 2001, Foxx starred opposite Will Smith in Michael Mann's biographical drama Ali. Three years later, Foxx played taxi driver Max Durocher in the Mann film Collateral alongside Tom Cruise, for which he received outstanding reviews and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 1994, Foxx released an album (on the Fox record label) entitled Peep This, which was not commercially successful.", "That year, he played wrongly convicted death row prisoner Walter McMillian in the drama film Just Mercy, for which he received significant critical acclaim. Foxx starred in Project Power, directed by Ariel Schulman and Henry Joost, opposite Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Dominique Fishback, which was released on August 14, 2020, by Netflix. On November 13, 2019, Foxx was cast as the voice lead in the Pixar film Soul.", "In 2021, the project turned into a miniseries, to be directed by Antoine Fuqua. Legal issues In April 2003, Foxx was involved in an incident with two police officers who were attempting to escort him and his sister out of Harrah's casino in New Orleans. Employees claimed the Foxx party had failed to show identification upon entry.", "In 2017, Foxx starred as Bats, a trigger-happy gang member, in Edgar Wright's action film Baby Driver. Foxx's October 2014 Deja Vu duet with Dionne Warwick appears on the Feels So Good album released by Warwick. He released his fifth studio album, Hollywood: A Story of a Dozen Roses, on May 18, 2015. It debuted atop the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts and at No. 10 on the Billboard 200." ]

[ "1 album in the U.S, joining Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby and Barbra Streisand. Foxx's first single from the album, the title track \"Unpredictable\" (featuring Ludacris), peaked in the Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 singles and also made the UK Top 20 singles chart; the track samples \"Wildflower\" by New Birth. The second US single from the album was \"DJ Play a Love Song,\" which reunited Foxx with Twista.", "Filmography Discography Peep This (1994) Unpredictable (2005) Intuition (2008) Best Night of My Life (2010) Hollywood: A Story of a Dozen Roses (2015) Tours The Unpredictable Tour (2006) The Blame It Tour (2009) Stand-up specials Jamie Foxx: Straight from the Foxxhole (1993) Jamie Foxx: I Might Need Security (2002) Jamie Foxx Unleashed: Lost, Stolen and Leaked! (2003) Book Foxx, Jamie (with Nick Chiles).", "On December 8, 2006, Foxx received four Grammy Award nominations, which included Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for Love Changes featuring Mary J. Blige, Best R&B Album for Unpredictable, Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for Georgia by Ludacris & Field Mob featuring Jamie Foxx, and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for Unpredictable featuring Ludacris. Following on from these successes, Foxx went on to appear in the box-office hits Jarhead, Miami Vice and Dreamgirls, which lifted his profile even higher as a bankable star in Hollywood.", "Dixon was born with Down syndrome and had been an ambassador for the Global Down Syndrome Foundation. Filmography Discography Peep This (1994) Unpredictable (2005) Intuition (2008) Best Night of My Life (2010) Hollywood: A Story of a Dozen Roses (2015) Tours The Unpredictable Tour (2006) The Blame It Tour (2009) Stand-up specials Jamie Foxx: Straight from the Foxxhole (1993) Jamie Foxx: I Might Need Security (2002) Jamie Foxx Unleashed: Lost, Stolen and Leaked!", "(2003) Book Foxx, Jamie (with Nick Chiles). Act Like You Got Some Sense: And Other Things My Daughters Taught Me. 2021: Grand Central Publishing. .", "In 2007, his company FoxxKing Entertainment signed deals with MTV and VH1. Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008, featuring Kanye West, T.I., Ne-Yo, Lil' Kim and T-Pain. The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I., was promoted by a video directed by Brett Ratner which featured an appearance by actress Taraji P. Henson.", "Foxx released his fourth album, Best Night of My Life, on December 21, 2010, featuring the singles \"Winner\" (featuring Justin Timberlake and T.I. ), \"Living Better Now\" (featuring rapper Rick Ross) and \"Fall for Your Type\" (featuring rapper Drake).", "In 1994, Foxx released an album (on the Fox record label) entitled Peep This, which was not commercially successful. In 2003, Foxx made a cameo in Benzino's music video for \"Would You\", which features LisaRaye McCoy and Mario Winans. 2003–2006: Ray, Unpredictable, and Dreamgirls In 2003, Foxx featured on the rapper Twista's song, \"Slow Jamz\", together with Kanye West, which reached No.", "), \"Living Better Now\" (featuring rapper Rick Ross) and \"Fall for Your Type\" (featuring rapper Drake). On October 7, the RCA Music Group announced that it was disbanding J Records along with Arista Records and Jive Records, meaning that all artists (including Foxx) previously signed to the three labels will release their future material on the RCA Records brand. In 2011, Jamie Foxx also featured on the rapper Pitbull's album Planet Pit, in the song \"Where Do We Go\"." ]

[ "Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity. The notion of Britishness and a shared British identity was forged during the 18th century and early 19th century when Britain engaged in several global conflicts with France, and developed further during the Victorian era.", "The progressive political unification of the British Isles facilitated migration, cultural and linguistic exchange, and intermarriage between the peoples of England, Scotland and Wales during the late Middle Ages, early modern period and beyond. Since 1922 and earlier, there has been immigration to the United Kingdom by people from what is now the Republic of Ireland, the Commonwealth, mainland Europe and elsewhere; they and their descendants are mostly British citizens, with some assuming a British, dual or hyphenated identity.", "The British are a diverse, multinational, multicultural and multilingual society, with \"strong regional accents, expressions and identities\". The social structure of the United Kingdom has changed radically since the 19th century, with a decline in religious observance, enlargement of the middle class, and increased ethnic diversity, particularly since the 1950s, when citizens of the British Empire were encouraged to immigrate to Britain to work as part of the recovery from World War II.", "The notion of Britishness and a shared British identity was forged during the 18th century and early 19th century when Britain engaged in several global conflicts with France, and developed further during the Victorian era. The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a \"particular sense of nationhood and belonging\" in Great Britain and Ireland; Britishness became \"superimposed on much older identities\", of English, Scots, Welsh, and Irish cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity.", "After 1707, a British national identity began to develop, though it was initially resisted, particularly by the English. The peoples of Great Britain had by the 1750s begun to assume a \"layered identity\": to think of themselves as simultaneously British and also Scottish, English, or Welsh. The terms North Briton and South Briton were devised for the Scots and the English respectively, with the former gaining some preference in Scotland, particularly by the economists and philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment.", "Notions that the British \"constituted an Island race, and that it stood for democracy were reinforced during the war and they were circulated in the country through Winston Churchill's speeches, history books and newspapers\". At its international zenith, \"Britishness joined peoples around the world in shared traditions and common loyalties that were strenuously maintained\". But following the two world wars, the British Empire experienced rapid decolonisation.", "The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a \"particular sense of nationhood and belonging\" in Great Britain and Ireland; Britishness became \"superimposed on much older identities\", of English, Scots, Welsh, and Irish cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity. Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions, British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial, but it is held with strong conviction by Unionists.", "With effect from 1 May 1707, this created a new sovereign state called the \"Kingdom of Great Britain\". This kingdom \"began as a hostile merger\", but led to a \"full partnership in the most powerful going concern in the world\"; historian Simon Schama stated that \"it was one of the most astonishing transformations in European history\". After 1707, a British national identity began to develop, though it was initially resisted, particularly by the English.", "It also refers to citizens of the former British Empire, who settled in the country prior to 1973, and hold neither UK citizenship nor nationality. Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity.", "As the Napoleonic Wars with the First French Empire advanced, \"the English and Scottish learned to define themselves as similar primarily by virtue of not being French or Catholic\". In combination with sea power and empire, the notion of Britishness became more \"closely bound up with Protestantism\", a cultural commonality through which the English, Scots and Welsh became \"fused together, and remain[ed] so, despite their many cultural divergences\"." ]

[ "Union of Scotland and England Despite opposition from within both Scotland and England, a Treaty of Union was agreed in 1706 and was then ratified by the parliaments of both countries with the passing of the Acts of Union 1707. With effect from 1 May 1707, this created a new sovereign state called the \"Kingdom of Great Britain\".", "Despite this, although popular with the monarchy and much of the aristocracy, attempts to unite the two states by Acts of Parliament in 1606, 1667, and 1689 were unsuccessful; increased political management of Scottish affairs from England had led to \"criticism\", and strained Anglo-Scottish relations. While English maritime explorations during the Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy.", "The Glorious Revolution of 1688 resulted in a pair of Acts of the English and Scottish legislatures—the Bill of Rights 1689 and Claim of Right Act 1689 respectively—which ensured that the shared constitutional monarchy of England and Scotland was held only by Protestants. Despite this, although popular with the monarchy and much of the aristocracy, attempts to unite the two states by Acts of Parliament in 1606, 1667, and 1689 were unsuccessful; increased political management of Scottish affairs from England had led to \"criticism\", and strained Anglo-Scottish relations.", "A broadly shared language, island, monarch, religion and Bible (the Authorized King James Version) further contributed to a growing cultural alliance between the two sovereign realms and their peoples. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 resulted in a pair of Acts of the English and Scottish legislatures—the Bill of Rights 1689 and Claim of Right Act 1689 respectively—which ensured that the shared constitutional monarchy of England and Scotland was held only by Protestants.", "The Duke of Somerset supported the unification of the English, Welsh and Scots under the \"indifferent old name of Britons\" on the basis that their monarchies \"both derived from a Pre-Roman British monarchy\". Following the death of Elizabeth I of England in 1603, the throne of England was inherited by James VI, King of Scots, so that the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland were united in a personal union under James VI of Scotland and I of England, an event referred to as the Union of the Crowns.", "However, the Act contained a provision that it would be suspended if the Parliament of Scotland entered into negotiations regarding the creation of a unified Parliament of Great Britain, which in turn would refund Scottish financial losses on the Darien Scheme. Union of Scotland and England Despite opposition from within both Scotland and England, a Treaty of Union was agreed in 1706 and was then ratified by the parliaments of both countries with the passing of the Acts of Union 1707.", "Though Wales was conquered by England, and its legal system replaced by that of the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, the Welsh endured as a nation distinct from the English, and to some degree the Cornish people, although conquered into England by the 11th century, also retained a distinct Brittonic identity and language. Later, with both an English Reformation and a Scottish Reformation, Edward VI of England, under the counsel of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, advocated a union with the Kingdom of Scotland, joining England, Wales, and Scotland in a united Protestant Great Britain.", "Schama hypothesised that Scottish national identity, \"a complex amalgam\" of Gaelic, Brittonic, Pictish, Norsemen and Anglo-Norman origins, was not finally forged until the Wars of Scottish Independence against the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Though Wales was conquered by England, and its legal system replaced by that of the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, the Welsh endured as a nation distinct from the English, and to some degree the Cornish people, although conquered into England by the 11th century, also retained a distinct Brittonic identity and language." ]

[ "Union and the development of Britishness Despite centuries of military and religious conflict, the Kingdoms of England and Scotland had been \"drawing increasingly together\" since the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and the Union of the Crowns in 1603. A broadly shared language, island, monarch, religion and Bible (the Authorized King James Version) further contributed to a growing cultural alliance between the two sovereign realms and their peoples.", "As the Napoleonic Wars with the First French Empire advanced, \"the English and Scottish learned to define themselves as similar primarily by virtue of not being French or Catholic\". In combination with sea power and empire, the notion of Britishness became more \"closely bound up with Protestantism\", a cultural commonality through which the English, Scots and Welsh became \"fused together, and remain[ed] so, despite their many cultural divergences\".", "The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a \"particular sense of nationhood and belonging\" in Great Britain and Ireland; Britishness became \"superimposed on much older identities\", of English, Scots, Welsh, and Irish cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity. Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions, British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial, but it is held with strong conviction by Unionists.", "The notion of Britishness and a shared British identity was forged during the 18th century and early 19th century when Britain engaged in several global conflicts with France, and developed further during the Victorian era. The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a \"particular sense of nationhood and belonging\" in Great Britain and Ireland; Britishness became \"superimposed on much older identities\", of English, Scots, Welsh, and Irish cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity.", "The new and expanding British Empire provided \"unprecedented opportunities for upward mobility and the accumulations of wealth\", and so the \"Scottish, Welsh and Irish populations were prepared to suppress nationalist issues on pragmatic grounds\". The British Empire was \"crucial to the idea of a British identity and to the self-image of Britishness\".", "The British Empire was \"crucial to the idea of a British identity and to the self-image of Britishness\". Indeed, the Scottish welcomed Britishness during the 19th century \"for it offered a context within which they could hold on to their own identity whilst participating in, and benefiting from, the expansion of the [British] Empire\".", "Britishness came to borrow heavily from English political history because England had \"always been the dominant component of the British Isles in terms of size, population and power\"; Magna Carta, common law and hostility to continental Europe were English factors that influenced British sensibilities. Union with Ireland The political union in 1800 of the predominantly Catholic Kingdom of Ireland with Great Britain, coupled with the outbreak of peace with France in the early 19th century, challenged the previous century's concept of militant Protestant Britishness.", "Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity. The notion of Britishness and a shared British identity was forged during the 18th century and early 19th century when Britain engaged in several global conflicts with France, and developed further during the Victorian era.", "King James advocated full political union between England and Scotland, and on 20 October 1604 proclaimed his assumption of the style \"King of Great Britain\", though this title was rejected by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland, and so had no basis in either English law or Scots law. Union and the development of Britishness Despite centuries of military and religious conflict, the Kingdoms of England and Scotland had been \"drawing increasingly together\" since the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and the Union of the Crowns in 1603." ]

[ "After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an \"extraordinary dispersion of the British people\", resulting in particular concentrations \"in Australasia and North America\". The British Empire was \"built on waves of migration overseas by British people\", who left the United Kingdom and \"reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents\".", "Britons – people with British citizenship or of British descent – have a significant presence in a number of countries other than the United Kingdom, and in particular in those with historic connections to the British Empire. After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an \"extraordinary dispersion of the British people\", resulting in particular concentrations \"in Australasia and North America\".", "In the late 19th century, the discovery of gold and diamonds further encouraged colonisation of South Africa by the British, and the population of the British-South Africans rose substantially, although there was fierce rivalry between the British and Afrikaners (descendants of Dutch colonists) in the period known as the Boer Wars. When apartheid first started most British-South Africans were mostly keen on keeping and even strengthening its ties with the United Kingdom.", "South Africa The British arrived in the area which would become the modern-day South Africa during the early 18th century, yet substantial settlement only started end of the 18th century, in the Cape of Good Hope; the British first explored the area for conquests for or related to the Slave Trade. In the late 19th century, the discovery of gold and diamonds further encouraged colonisation of South Africa by the British, and the population of the British-South Africans rose substantially, although there was fierce rivalry between the British and Afrikaners (descendants of Dutch colonists) in the period known as the Boer Wars.", "Secularism was advanced in Britain during the Age of Enlightenment, and modern British organisations such as the British Humanist Association and the National Secular Society offer the opportunity for their members to \"debate and explore the moral and philosophical issues in a non-religious setting\". The Treaty of Union that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain ensured that there would be a Protestant succession as well as a link between church and state that still remains.", "It boasts some of the oldest pieces of literature in the Western world, such as the epic poem Beowulf, one of the oldest surviving written work in the English language. Famous authors include some of the world's most studied and praised writers. William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe defined England's Elizabethan period. The British Romantic movement was one of the strongest and most recognisable in Europe. The poets William Blake, Wordsworth and Coleridge were amongst the pioneers of Romanticism in literature.", "Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity. The notion of Britishness and a shared British identity was forged during the 18th century and early 19th century when Britain engaged in several global conflicts with France, and developed further during the Victorian era.", "The empire has been \"at the centre, rather than in the margins, of the history of British art\", and imperial British visual arts have been fundamental to the construction, celebration and expression of Britishness. British attitudes to modern art were \"polarised\" at the end of the 19th century." ]

[ "After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an \"extraordinary dispersion of the British people\", resulting in particular concentrations \"in Australasia and North America\". The British Empire was \"built on waves of migration overseas by British people\", who left the United Kingdom and \"reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents\".", "Despite this, although popular with the monarchy and much of the aristocracy, attempts to unite the two states by Acts of Parliament in 1606, 1667, and 1689 were unsuccessful; increased political management of Scottish affairs from England had led to \"criticism\", and strained Anglo-Scottish relations. While English maritime explorations during the Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy.", "In the late 19th century, the discovery of gold and diamonds further encouraged colonisation of South Africa by the British, and the population of the British-South Africans rose substantially, although there was fierce rivalry between the British and Afrikaners (descendants of Dutch colonists) in the period known as the Boer Wars. When apartheid first started most British-South Africans were mostly keen on keeping and even strengthening its ties with the United Kingdom.", "While English maritime explorations during the Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy. In response, the Scottish kingdom, in opposition to William II of Scotland (III of England), commenced the Darien Scheme, an attempt to establish a Scottish imperial outlet—the colony of New Caledonia—on the isthmus of Panama.", "Britons – people with British citizenship or of British descent – have a significant presence in a number of countries other than the United Kingdom, and in particular in those with historic connections to the British Empire. After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an \"extraordinary dispersion of the British people\", resulting in particular concentrations \"in Australasia and North America\".", "Secularism was advanced in Britain during the Age of Enlightenment, and modern British organisations such as the British Humanist Association and the National Secular Society offer the opportunity for their members to \"debate and explore the moral and philosophical issues in a non-religious setting\". The Treaty of Union that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain ensured that there would be a Protestant succession as well as a link between church and state that still remains.", "South Africa The British arrived in the area which would become the modern-day South Africa during the early 18th century, yet substantial settlement only started end of the 18th century, in the Cape of Good Hope; the British first explored the area for conquests for or related to the Slave Trade. In the late 19th century, the discovery of gold and diamonds further encouraged colonisation of South Africa by the British, and the population of the British-South Africans rose substantially, although there was fierce rivalry between the British and Afrikaners (descendants of Dutch colonists) in the period known as the Boer Wars.", "The empire has been \"at the centre, rather than in the margins, of the history of British art\", and imperial British visual arts have been fundamental to the construction, celebration and expression of Britishness. British attitudes to modern art were \"polarised\" at the end of the 19th century.", "The new and expanding British Empire provided \"unprecedented opportunities for upward mobility and the accumulations of wealth\", and so the \"Scottish, Welsh and Irish populations were prepared to suppress nationalist issues on pragmatic grounds\". The British Empire was \"crucial to the idea of a British identity and to the self-image of Britishness\".", "The British Empire was \"crucial to the idea of a British identity and to the self-image of Britishness\". Indeed, the Scottish welcomed Britishness during the 19th century \"for it offered a context within which they could hold on to their own identity whilst participating in, and benefiting from, the expansion of the [British] Empire\"." ]

[ "Despite this, although popular with the monarchy and much of the aristocracy, attempts to unite the two states by Acts of Parliament in 1606, 1667, and 1689 were unsuccessful; increased political management of Scottish affairs from England had led to \"criticism\", and strained Anglo-Scottish relations. While English maritime explorations during the Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy.", "After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an \"extraordinary dispersion of the British people\", resulting in particular concentrations \"in Australasia and North America\". The British Empire was \"built on waves of migration overseas by British people\", who left the United Kingdom and \"reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents\".", "While English maritime explorations during the Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy. In response, the Scottish kingdom, in opposition to William II of Scotland (III of England), commenced the Darien Scheme, an attempt to establish a Scottish imperial outlet—the colony of New Caledonia—on the isthmus of Panama.", "It aimed to settle once and for all whether Britain would be controlled by a single imperial power or remain several separate independent kingdoms, a split in perceptions which is still very much with us today\". However, historian Simon Schama suggested that it was Edward I of England who was solely \"responsible for provoking the peoples of Britain into an awareness of their nationhood\" in the 13th century.", "Britons – people with British citizenship or of British descent – have a significant presence in a number of countries other than the United Kingdom, and in particular in those with historic connections to the British Empire. After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an \"extraordinary dispersion of the British people\", resulting in particular concentrations \"in Australasia and North America\".", "The empire has been \"at the centre, rather than in the margins, of the history of British art\", and imperial British visual arts have been fundamental to the construction, celebration and expression of Britishness. British attitudes to modern art were \"polarised\" at the end of the 19th century.", "In the late 19th century, the discovery of gold and diamonds further encouraged colonisation of South Africa by the British, and the population of the British-South Africans rose substantially, although there was fierce rivalry between the British and Afrikaners (descendants of Dutch colonists) in the period known as the Boer Wars. When apartheid first started most British-South Africans were mostly keen on keeping and even strengthening its ties with the United Kingdom.", "Secularism was advanced in Britain during the Age of Enlightenment, and modern British organisations such as the British Humanist Association and the National Secular Society offer the opportunity for their members to \"debate and explore the moral and philosophical issues in a non-religious setting\". The Treaty of Union that led to the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain ensured that there would be a Protestant succession as well as a link between church and state that still remains." ]

[ "Despite this, although popular with the monarchy and much of the aristocracy, attempts to unite the two states by Acts of Parliament in 1606, 1667, and 1689 were unsuccessful; increased political management of Scottish affairs from England had led to \"criticism\", and strained Anglo-Scottish relations. While English maritime explorations during the Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy.", "While English maritime explorations during the Age of Discovery gave new-found imperial power and wealth to the English and Welsh at the end of the 17th century, Scotland suffered from a long-standing weak economy. In response, the Scottish kingdom, in opposition to William II of Scotland (III of England), commenced the Darien Scheme, an attempt to establish a Scottish imperial outlet—the colony of New Caledonia—on the isthmus of Panama.", "The British Empire was \"crucial to the idea of a British identity and to the self-image of Britishness\". Indeed, the Scottish welcomed Britishness during the 19th century \"for it offered a context within which they could hold on to their own identity whilst participating in, and benefiting from, the expansion of the [British] Empire\".", "Secular medieval architecture throughout Britain has left a legacy of large stone castles, with the \"finest examples\" being found lining both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border, dating from the Wars of Scottish Independence of the 14th century. The invention of gunpowder and canons made castles redundant, and the English Renaissance which followed facilitiated the development of new artistic styles for domestic architecture: Tudor style, English Baroque, The Queen Anne Style and Palladian. Georgian and Neoclassical architecture advanced after the Scottish Enlightenment.", "In response, the Scottish kingdom, in opposition to William II of Scotland (III of England), commenced the Darien Scheme, an attempt to establish a Scottish imperial outlet—the colony of New Caledonia—on the isthmus of Panama. However, through a combination of disease, Spanish hostility, Scottish mismanagement and opposition to the scheme by the East India Company and the English government (who did not want to provoke the Spanish into war) this imperial venture ended in \"catastrophic failure\" with an estimated \"25% of Scotland's total liquid capital\" lost.", "Union and the development of Britishness Despite centuries of military and religious conflict, the Kingdoms of England and Scotland had been \"drawing increasingly together\" since the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and the Union of the Crowns in 1603. A broadly shared language, island, monarch, religion and Bible (the Authorized King James Version) further contributed to a growing cultural alliance between the two sovereign realms and their peoples.", "Union of Scotland and England Despite opposition from within both Scotland and England, a Treaty of Union was agreed in 1706 and was then ratified by the parliaments of both countries with the passing of the Acts of Union 1707. With effect from 1 May 1707, this created a new sovereign state called the \"Kingdom of Great Britain\".", "After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an \"extraordinary dispersion of the British people\", resulting in particular concentrations \"in Australasia and North America\". The British Empire was \"built on waves of migration overseas by British people\", who left the United Kingdom and \"reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents\".", "Cumbria, Strathclyde and northern Scotland. Cumbria, Strathclyde and northern Scotland. This legendary Celtic history of Great Britain is known as the Matter of Britain. The Matter of Britain, a national myth, was retold or reinterpreted in works by Gerald of Wales, a Cambro-Norman chronicler who in the 12th and 13th centuries used the term British to refer to the people later known as the Welsh. History Ancestral roots The indigenous people of the British Isles have a combination of Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Norman ancestry." ]

[ "During the 1950s Tiomkin was the highest-paid film composer, composing close to a rate of a picture each month, achieving his greatest fame during the 1950s and 1960s. Between 1948 and 1958, his \"golden decade,\" he composed 57 film scores. In 1952 he composed nine film scores, including High Noon, for which he won two Academy Awards. In the same decade, he won two more Oscars and his film scores were nominated nine times. He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia.", "Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill. Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill. Tiomkin received 22 Academy Award nominations and won four Oscars, three for Best Original Score for High Noon, The High and the Mighty, and The Old Man and the Sea, and one for Best Original Song for \"The Ballad of High Noon\" from the former film. Early life and education Dimitri Tiomkin was born in Kremenchuk, then part of the Russian Empire (now central Ukraine).", "Upon receiving his Oscar in 1955 for The High and the Mighty, he became the first composer to publicly list and thank the great European masters, including Beethoven, Strauss, and Brahms, among others. Music historian Christopher Palmer says that Tiomkin's \"genius lay in coming up with themes and finding vivid ways of creating sonic color appropriate to the story and visual image, not in his ability to combine the themes into a complex symphonic structure that could stand on its own.\"", "The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores. His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list: The Alamo (1960) Dial M for Murder (1954) Duel in the Sun (1946) Friendly Persuasion (1956) The Guns of Navarone (1961) Lost Horizon (1937) Awards and nominations Academy Awards 1972 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song\" Score for Tchaikovsky (1969) 1965 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1964 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) for \"So Little Time\", sung by Andy Williams 1964 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Town Without Pity (1961) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1961 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Alamo (1960) for \"The Green Leaves of Summer\", sung by The Brothers Four 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Alamo (1960) 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Young Land (1959) 1959 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Old Man and the Sea (1958) 1958 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Wild Is the Wind (1957) 1957 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"Friendly Persuasion\", \"Best Scoring of a Dramatic Picture\" for \"Giant\" (1956) 1955 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The High and Mighty 1955 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"The High and the Mighty\" (1954) 1953 - won (with Ned Washington) an Oscar for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for High Noon (1952) for \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\", sung by Tex Ritter 1953 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for High Noon (1952) 1950 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for Champion (1949) 1945 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) 1944 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Moon and Sixpence (1943) 1943 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Corsican Brothers (1941) 1940 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring\" for Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) Golden Globe Awards 1965 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Song\" for Town without Pity (1961) 1961 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Alamo (1960) 1957 he received the \"Special Award\" as \"Recognition for film music\" 1955 he received the \"Special Award\" \"For creative musical contribution to Motion Picture\" 1953 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for High Noon (1952) References External links Official site Dimitri Tiomkin Dimitri Tiomkin's Golden Decade Multimedia links Audio clips, 40 film samples , audio score compilation by Berny Debney, 10 minutes Tiomkin on You Bet Your Life in 1955 1894 births 1979 deaths People from Kremenchuk People from Poltava Governorate Ukrainian Jews Soviet emigrants to the United States American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent American film score composers American male film score composers American male conductors (music) Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Jewish American film score composers Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) 20th-century American conductors (music) 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century American Jews", "High Noon) ... \" Tiomkin won two more Oscars in subsequent years: for The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William A. Wellman, and featuring John Wayne; and The Old Man and the Sea (1958), adapted from an Ernest Hemingway novel. During the 1955 ceremonies, Tiomkin thanked all of the earlier composers who had influenced him, including Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and other names from the European classical tradition. The composer worked again for Zinnemann on The Sundowners (1960).", "Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (, Dmitrij Zinov'evič Tjomkin, , Dmytro Zynoviyovyč Tomkin) (May 10, 1894 – November 11, 1979) was a Russian-born American film composer and conductor. Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution.", "In 1976, RCA Victor released Lost Horizon: The Classic Film Scores of Dimitri Tiomkin (US catalogue #ARL1-1669, UK catalogue #GL 43445) with Charles Gerhardt and the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Featuring highlights from various Tiomkin scores, the album was later reissued by RCA on CD with Dolby Surround Sound. The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores.", "Walt Disney presented him with both awards that evening. Walt Disney presented him with both awards that evening. According to film historian Arthur R. Jarvis, Jr., the score \"has been credited with saving the movie.\" Another music expert, Mervyn Cooke, agrees, adding that \"the song's spectacular success was partly responsible for changing the course of film-music history\". Tiomkin was the second composer to receive two Oscars (score and song) for the same dramatic film.", "Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution. In 1929, after the stock market crash, he moved to Hollywood, where he became best known for his scores for Western films, including Duel in the Sun, Red River, High Noon, The Big Sky, 55 Days at Peking, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill.", "Music historian Christopher Palmer says that Tiomkin's \"genius lay in coming up with themes and finding vivid ways of creating sonic color appropriate to the story and visual image, not in his ability to combine the themes into a complex symphonic structure that could stand on its own.\" In addition he speculates how a Russian-born pianist like Tiomkin, who was educated at a respected Russian music conservatory, could have become so successful in the American film industry: Tiomkin alluded to this relationship in his autobiography: Techniques of composing Tiomkin's methods of composing a film score have been analyzed and described by music experts." ]

[ "High Noon) ... \" Tiomkin won two more Oscars in subsequent years: for The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William A. Wellman, and featuring John Wayne; and The Old Man and the Sea (1958), adapted from an Ernest Hemingway novel. During the 1955 ceremonies, Tiomkin thanked all of the earlier composers who had influenced him, including Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and other names from the European classical tradition. The composer worked again for Zinnemann on The Sundowners (1960).", "The composer worked again for Zinnemann on The Sundowners (1960). Film genres and other associations Many of his scores were for Western films, which were extremely popular in this period, and for which he is best remembered. His first Western was the King Vidor-directed Duel in the Sun (1946). In addition to High Noon, among his other Westerns were Giant (1956), Friendly Persuasion (1956), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), and Last Train from Gun Hill (1959).", "His theme song was \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\" (\"The Ballad of High Noon\"). At its opening preview to the press, the film, which starred Gary Cooper and Grace Kelly, did badly. Tiomkin writes that \"film experts agreed that the picture was a flat failure... The producers hesitated to release the picture.\" Tiomkin bought the rights to the song and released it as a single for the popular music market, with singer Frankie Laine.", "The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores. His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list: The Alamo (1960) Dial M for Murder (1954) Duel in the Sun (1946) Friendly Persuasion (1956) The Guns of Navarone (1961) Lost Horizon (1937) Awards and nominations Academy Awards 1972 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song\" Score for Tchaikovsky (1969) 1965 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1964 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) for \"So Little Time\", sung by Andy Williams 1964 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Town Without Pity (1961) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1961 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Alamo (1960) for \"The Green Leaves of Summer\", sung by The Brothers Four 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Alamo (1960) 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Young Land (1959) 1959 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Old Man and the Sea (1958) 1958 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Wild Is the Wind (1957) 1957 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"Friendly Persuasion\", \"Best Scoring of a Dramatic Picture\" for \"Giant\" (1956) 1955 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The High and Mighty 1955 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"The High and the Mighty\" (1954) 1953 - won (with Ned Washington) an Oscar for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for High Noon (1952) for \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\", sung by Tex Ritter 1953 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for High Noon (1952) 1950 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for Champion (1949) 1945 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) 1944 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Moon and Sixpence (1943) 1943 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Corsican Brothers (1941) 1940 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring\" for Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) Golden Globe Awards 1965 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Song\" for Town without Pity (1961) 1961 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Alamo (1960) 1957 he received the \"Special Award\" as \"Recognition for film music\" 1955 he received the \"Special Award\" \"For creative musical contribution to Motion Picture\" 1953 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for High Noon (1952) References External links Official site Dimitri Tiomkin Dimitri Tiomkin's Golden Decade Multimedia links Audio clips, 40 film samples , audio score compilation by Berny Debney, 10 minutes Tiomkin on You Bet Your Life in 1955 1894 births 1979 deaths People from Kremenchuk People from Poltava Governorate Ukrainian Jews Soviet emigrants to the United States American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent American film score composers American male film score composers American male conductors (music) Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Jewish American film score composers Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) 20th-century American conductors (music) 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century American Jews", "In 1976, RCA Victor released Lost Horizon: The Classic Film Scores of Dimitri Tiomkin (US catalogue #ARL1-1669, UK catalogue #GL 43445) with Charles Gerhardt and the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Featuring highlights from various Tiomkin scores, the album was later reissued by RCA on CD with Dolby Surround Sound. The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores.", "Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution. In 1929, after the stock market crash, he moved to Hollywood, where he became best known for his scores for Western films, including Duel in the Sun, Red River, High Noon, The Big Sky, 55 Days at Peking, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill.", "Other Russian-born composers, such as Irving Berlin, wrote their scores for Broadway plays, many of which were later adapted to film. Tiomkin was the first film score composer to write both the title theme song and the score. He expanded on that technique in many of his westerns, including High Noon and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, in which the theme song was repeated as a common thread running through the entire film.", "The song's lyrics briefly tell High Noons entire story arc, a tale of cowardice and conformity in a small Western town. Tiomkin composed his entire score around this single western-style ballad. He also eliminated violins from the ensemble. He added a subtle harmonica in the background, to give the film a \"rustic, deglamorized sound that suits the anti-heroic sentiments\" expressed by the story. According to Russian film historian Harlow Robinson, building the score around a single folk tune was typical of many Russian classical composers.", "He scored many films of various genres, including historical dramas such as Cyrano de Bergerac (1950), The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), and Great Catherine (1968); war movies such as The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell (1955), The Guns of Navarone (1961), and Town Without Pity (1961); and suspense thrillers such as 36 Hours (1965). Tiomkin also wrote scores for four of Alfred Hitchcock's suspense dramas: Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Strangers on a Train (1951), I Confess (1953), and Dial M for Murder (1954)." ]

[ "Tiomkin bought the rights to the song and released it as a single for the popular music market, with singer Frankie Laine. The record became an immediate success worldwide. Based on the song's popularity, the studio released the film four months later, with the words sung by country western star Tex Ritter. The film received seven Academy Award nominations and won four awards, including two for Tiomkin: Best Original Music and Best Song. Walt Disney presented him with both awards that evening.", "Walt Disney presented him with both awards that evening. Walt Disney presented him with both awards that evening. According to film historian Arthur R. Jarvis, Jr., the score \"has been credited with saving the movie.\" Another music expert, Mervyn Cooke, agrees, adding that \"the song's spectacular success was partly responsible for changing the course of film-music history\". Tiomkin was the second composer to receive two Oscars (score and song) for the same dramatic film.", "Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (, Dmitrij Zinov'evič Tjomkin, , Dmytro Zynoviyovyč Tomkin) (May 10, 1894 – November 11, 1979) was a Russian-born American film composer and conductor. Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution.", "He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia. He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia. In 1967, he was a member of the jury of the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. In 2014, his theme songs to It's a Wonderful Life and Giant were played during the closing ceremony for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.", "Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill. Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill. Tiomkin received 22 Academy Award nominations and won four Oscars, three for Best Original Score for High Noon, The High and the Mighty, and The Old Man and the Sea, and one for Best Original Song for \"The Ballad of High Noon\" from the former film. Early life and education Dimitri Tiomkin was born in Kremenchuk, then part of the Russian Empire (now central Ukraine).", "Upon receiving his Oscar in 1955 for The High and the Mighty, he became the first composer to publicly list and thank the great European masters, including Beethoven, Strauss, and Brahms, among others. Music historian Christopher Palmer says that Tiomkin's \"genius lay in coming up with themes and finding vivid ways of creating sonic color appropriate to the story and visual image, not in his ability to combine the themes into a complex symphonic structure that could stand on its own.\"", "With many of his songs being used in the title of films, Tiomkin created what composer Irwin Bazelon called \"title song mania.\" In subsequent decades, studios often attempted to create their own hit songs to both sell as a soundtrack and to enhance the movie experience, with a typical example being the film score for Titanic. He was known to use \"source music\" in his scores. Some experts claim these were often based on Russian folk songs.", "During the 1950s Tiomkin was the highest-paid film composer, composing close to a rate of a picture each month, achieving his greatest fame during the 1950s and 1960s. Between 1948 and 1958, his \"golden decade,\" he composed 57 film scores. In 1952 he composed nine film scores, including High Noon, for which he won two Academy Awards. In the same decade, he won two more Oscars and his film scores were nominated nine times. He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia.", "In 1999, the US Postal Service added his image to their \"Legends of American Music\" stamp series. The series began with the issuance of one featuring singer Elvis Presley in 1993. Tiomkin's image was added as part of their \"Hollywood Composers\" selection. In 1976, RCA Victor released Lost Horizon: The Classic Film Scores of Dimitri Tiomkin (US catalogue #ARL1-1669, UK catalogue #GL 43445) with Charles Gerhardt and the National Philharmonic Orchestra.", "In 1976, RCA Victor released Lost Horizon: The Classic Film Scores of Dimitri Tiomkin (US catalogue #ARL1-1669, UK catalogue #GL 43445) with Charles Gerhardt and the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Featuring highlights from various Tiomkin scores, the album was later reissued by RCA on CD with Dolby Surround Sound. The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores." ]

[ "Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (, Dmitrij Zinov'evič Tjomkin, , Dmytro Zynoviyovyč Tomkin) (May 10, 1894 – November 11, 1979) was a Russian-born American film composer and conductor. Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution.", "He worked on some minor films, some without being credited under his own name. His first significant film score project was for Paramount's Alice in Wonderland (1933). Although Tiomkin worked on some smaller film projects, his goal was to become a concert pianist. In 1937 he broke his arm, injuring it so much that he ended that possible career. He began to focus on work as a film music composer.", "He supported himself while living in St. Petersburg by playing piano accompaniment for numerous Russian silent films. Because the revolution had diminished opportunities for classical musicians in Russia, Tiomkin joined many exiles in moving to Berlin after the Russian Revolution to live with his father. In Berlin, from 1921 to 1923, he studied with the pianist Ferruccio Busoni and Busoni's disciples Egon Petri and Michael von Zadora. He composed light classical and popular music, and made his performing debut as a pianist playing Franz Liszt's Piano Concerto No.", "Her hope was to have her son become a professional pianist, according to Tiomkin biographer, Christopher Palmer. Tiomkin described his mother as being \"small, blonde, merry and vivacious.\" Tiomkin was educated at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, where he studied piano with Felix Blumenfeld, teacher of Vladimir Horowitz, and harmony and counterpoint with Alexander Glazunov, mentor to Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich. He also studied piano with Isabelle Vengerova. He survived the revolution and found work under the new regime.", "He would also talk with them individually, noting the pitch and color of their voices. Tiomkin explains why he took the extra time with actors: Death and legacy Dimitri Tiomkin died in London, England in 1979 two weeks after fracturing his pelvis in a fall. He was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. During the 1950s Tiomkin was the highest-paid film composer, composing close to a rate of a picture each month, achieving his greatest fame during the 1950s and 1960s.", "He and his new wife went on tour to Paris in 1928, where he played the European premiere of American George Gershwin's Concerto in F at the Paris Opera, with Gershwin in the audience. After the stock market crash in October 1929 reduced work opportunities in New York, Tiomkin and his wife moved to Hollywood, where she was hired to supervise dance numbers in MGM film musicals. He worked on some minor films, some without being credited under his own name.", "While in New York, Tiomkin gave a recital at Carnegie Hall that featured contemporary music by Maurice Ravel, Alexander Scriabin, Francis Poulenc, and Alexandre Tansman. He and his new wife went on tour to Paris in 1928, where he played the European premiere of American George Gershwin's Concerto in F at the Paris Opera, with Gershwin in the audience.", "In addition he speculates how a Russian-born pianist like Tiomkin, who was educated at a respected Russian music conservatory, could have become so successful in the American film industry: Tiomkin alluded to this relationship in his autobiography: Techniques of composing Tiomkin's methods of composing a film score have been analyzed and described by music experts. Musicologist Dave Epstein, for one, has explained that after reading the script, Tiomkin would then outline the film's major themes and movements.", "Music historian Christopher Palmer says that Tiomkin's \"genius lay in coming up with themes and finding vivid ways of creating sonic color appropriate to the story and visual image, not in his ability to combine the themes into a complex symphonic structure that could stand on its own.\" In addition he speculates how a Russian-born pianist like Tiomkin, who was educated at a respected Russian music conservatory, could have become so successful in the American film industry: Tiomkin alluded to this relationship in his autobiography: Techniques of composing Tiomkin's methods of composing a film score have been analyzed and described by music experts.", "Early life and education Dimitri Tiomkin was born in Kremenchuk, then part of the Russian Empire (now central Ukraine). His family was of Jewish descent; his father Zinovy Tiomkin was a \"distinguished pathologist\" and associate of Professor Paul Ehrlich, and later a notable Zionist leader. His mother, Marie Tartakovskaya, was a musician who began teaching the young Tiomkin piano at an early age. Her hope was to have her son become a professional pianist, according to Tiomkin biographer, Christopher Palmer." ]

[ "Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill. Corral, and Last Train from Gun Hill. Tiomkin received 22 Academy Award nominations and won four Oscars, three for Best Original Score for High Noon, The High and the Mighty, and The Old Man and the Sea, and one for Best Original Song for \"The Ballad of High Noon\" from the former film. Early life and education Dimitri Tiomkin was born in Kremenchuk, then part of the Russian Empire (now central Ukraine).", "During the 1950s Tiomkin was the highest-paid film composer, composing close to a rate of a picture each month, achieving his greatest fame during the 1950s and 1960s. Between 1948 and 1958, his \"golden decade,\" he composed 57 film scores. In 1952 he composed nine film scores, including High Noon, for which he won two Academy Awards. In the same decade, he won two more Oscars and his film scores were nominated nine times. He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia.", "In 1976, RCA Victor released Lost Horizon: The Classic Film Scores of Dimitri Tiomkin (US catalogue #ARL1-1669, UK catalogue #GL 43445) with Charles Gerhardt and the National Philharmonic Orchestra. Featuring highlights from various Tiomkin scores, the album was later reissued by RCA on CD with Dolby Surround Sound. The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores.", "Other Russian-born composers, such as Irving Berlin, wrote their scores for Broadway plays, many of which were later adapted to film. Tiomkin was the first film score composer to write both the title theme song and the score. He expanded on that technique in many of his westerns, including High Noon and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, in which the theme song was repeated as a common thread running through the entire film.", "The song's lyrics briefly tell High Noons entire story arc, a tale of cowardice and conformity in a small Western town. Tiomkin composed his entire score around this single western-style ballad. He also eliminated violins from the ensemble. He added a subtle harmonica in the background, to give the film a \"rustic, deglamorized sound that suits the anti-heroic sentiments\" expressed by the story. According to Russian film historian Harlow Robinson, building the score around a single folk tune was typical of many Russian classical composers.", "The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores. His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list: The Alamo (1960) Dial M for Murder (1954) Duel in the Sun (1946) Friendly Persuasion (1956) The Guns of Navarone (1961) Lost Horizon (1937) Awards and nominations Academy Awards 1972 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song\" Score for Tchaikovsky (1969) 1965 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1964 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) for \"So Little Time\", sung by Andy Williams 1964 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Town Without Pity (1961) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1961 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Alamo (1960) for \"The Green Leaves of Summer\", sung by The Brothers Four 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Alamo (1960) 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Young Land (1959) 1959 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Old Man and the Sea (1958) 1958 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Wild Is the Wind (1957) 1957 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"Friendly Persuasion\", \"Best Scoring of a Dramatic Picture\" for \"Giant\" (1956) 1955 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The High and Mighty 1955 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"The High and the Mighty\" (1954) 1953 - won (with Ned Washington) an Oscar for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for High Noon (1952) for \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\", sung by Tex Ritter 1953 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for High Noon (1952) 1950 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for Champion (1949) 1945 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) 1944 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Moon and Sixpence (1943) 1943 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Corsican Brothers (1941) 1940 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring\" for Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) Golden Globe Awards 1965 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Song\" for Town without Pity (1961) 1961 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Alamo (1960) 1957 he received the \"Special Award\" as \"Recognition for film music\" 1955 he received the \"Special Award\" \"For creative musical contribution to Motion Picture\" 1953 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for High Noon (1952) References External links Official site Dimitri Tiomkin Dimitri Tiomkin's Golden Decade Multimedia links Audio clips, 40 film samples , audio score compilation by Berny Debney, 10 minutes Tiomkin on You Bet Your Life in 1955 1894 births 1979 deaths People from Kremenchuk People from Poltava Governorate Ukrainian Jews Soviet emigrants to the United States American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent American film score composers American male film score composers American male conductors (music) Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Jewish American film score composers Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) 20th-century American conductors (music) 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century American Jews", "Tiomkin credited Capra for broadening his musical horizons by shifting them away from a purely Eurocentric and romantic style to a more American style based on subject matter and story. High Noon (1952) Following his work for Fred Zinnemann on The Men (1950), Tiomkin composed the score for the same director's High Noon (1952). His theme song was \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\" (\"The Ballad of High Noon\").", "According to Russian film historian Harlow Robinson, building the score around a single folk tune was typical of many Russian classical composers. Robinson adds that the source of Tiomkin's score, if indeed folk, has not been proven.", "Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (, Dmitrij Zinov'evič Tjomkin, , Dmytro Zynoviyovyč Tomkin) (May 10, 1894 – November 11, 1979) was a Russian-born American film composer and conductor. Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution." ]

[ "He would also talk with them individually, noting the pitch and color of their voices. Tiomkin explains why he took the extra time with actors: Death and legacy Dimitri Tiomkin died in London, England in 1979 two weeks after fracturing his pelvis in a fall. He was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. During the 1950s Tiomkin was the highest-paid film composer, composing close to a rate of a picture each month, achieving his greatest fame during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (, Dmitrij Zinov'evič Tjomkin, , Dmytro Zynoviyovyč Tomkin) (May 10, 1894 – November 11, 1979) was a Russian-born American film composer and conductor. Classically trained in St. Petersburg, Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution.", "Early life and education Dimitri Tiomkin was born in Kremenchuk, then part of the Russian Empire (now central Ukraine). His family was of Jewish descent; his father Zinovy Tiomkin was a \"distinguished pathologist\" and associate of Professor Paul Ehrlich, and later a notable Zionist leader. His mother, Marie Tartakovskaya, was a musician who began teaching the young Tiomkin piano at an early age. Her hope was to have her son become a professional pianist, according to Tiomkin biographer, Christopher Palmer.", "He survived the revolution and found work under the new regime. In 1920, while working for the Petrograd Military District Political Administration (PUR), Tiomkin was one of the lead organizers of two revolutionary mass spectacles, the Mystery of Liberated Labor, a pseudo-religious mystery play for the May Day festivities, and The Storming of the Winter Palace for the celebrations of the third anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. He supported himself while living in St. Petersburg by playing piano accompaniment for numerous Russian silent films.", "Upon receiving his Oscar in 1955 for The High and the Mighty, he became the first composer to publicly list and thank the great European masters, including Beethoven, Strauss, and Brahms, among others. Music historian Christopher Palmer says that Tiomkin's \"genius lay in coming up with themes and finding vivid ways of creating sonic color appropriate to the story and visual image, not in his ability to combine the themes into a complex symphonic structure that could stand on its own.\"", "Her hope was to have her son become a professional pianist, according to Tiomkin biographer, Christopher Palmer. Tiomkin described his mother as being \"small, blonde, merry and vivacious.\" Tiomkin was educated at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, where he studied piano with Felix Blumenfeld, teacher of Vladimir Horowitz, and harmony and counterpoint with Alexander Glazunov, mentor to Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich. He also studied piano with Isabelle Vengerova. He survived the revolution and found work under the new regime.", "During the 1950s Tiomkin was the highest-paid film composer, composing close to a rate of a picture each month, achieving his greatest fame during the 1950s and 1960s. Between 1948 and 1958, his \"golden decade,\" he composed 57 film scores. In 1952 he composed nine film scores, including High Noon, for which he won two Academy Awards. In the same decade, he won two more Oscars and his film scores were nominated nine times. He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia.", "He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia. He was honored in the Soviet Union and Russia. In 1967, he was a member of the jury of the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. In 2014, his theme songs to It's a Wonderful Life and Giant were played during the closing ceremony for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.", "He supported himself while living in St. Petersburg by playing piano accompaniment for numerous Russian silent films. Because the revolution had diminished opportunities for classical musicians in Russia, Tiomkin joined many exiles in moving to Berlin after the Russian Revolution to live with his father. In Berlin, from 1921 to 1923, he studied with the pianist Ferruccio Busoni and Busoni's disciples Egon Petri and Michael von Zadora. He composed light classical and popular music, and made his performing debut as a pianist playing Franz Liszt's Piano Concerto No.", "Music historian Christopher Palmer says that Tiomkin's \"genius lay in coming up with themes and finding vivid ways of creating sonic color appropriate to the story and visual image, not in his ability to combine the themes into a complex symphonic structure that could stand on its own.\" In addition he speculates how a Russian-born pianist like Tiomkin, who was educated at a respected Russian music conservatory, could have become so successful in the American film industry: Tiomkin alluded to this relationship in his autobiography: Techniques of composing Tiomkin's methods of composing a film score have been analyzed and described by music experts." ]

[ "The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores. His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list: The Alamo (1960) Dial M for Murder (1954) Duel in the Sun (1946) Friendly Persuasion (1956) The Guns of Navarone (1961) Lost Horizon (1937) Awards and nominations Academy Awards 1972 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song\" Score for Tchaikovsky (1969) 1965 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1964 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) for \"So Little Time\", sung by Andy Williams 1964 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Town Without Pity (1961) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1961 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Alamo (1960) for \"The Green Leaves of Summer\", sung by The Brothers Four 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Alamo (1960) 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Young Land (1959) 1959 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Old Man and the Sea (1958) 1958 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Wild Is the Wind (1957) 1957 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"Friendly Persuasion\", \"Best Scoring of a Dramatic Picture\" for \"Giant\" (1956) 1955 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The High and Mighty 1955 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"The High and the Mighty\" (1954) 1953 - won (with Ned Washington) an Oscar for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for High Noon (1952) for \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\", sung by Tex Ritter 1953 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for High Noon (1952) 1950 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for Champion (1949) 1945 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) 1944 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Moon and Sixpence (1943) 1943 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Corsican Brothers (1941) 1940 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring\" for Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) Golden Globe Awards 1965 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Song\" for Town without Pity (1961) 1961 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Alamo (1960) 1957 he received the \"Special Award\" as \"Recognition for film music\" 1955 he received the \"Special Award\" \"For creative musical contribution to Motion Picture\" 1953 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for High Noon (1952) References External links Official site Dimitri Tiomkin Dimitri Tiomkin's Golden Decade Multimedia links Audio clips, 40 film samples , audio score compilation by Berny Debney, 10 minutes Tiomkin on You Bet Your Life in 1955 1894 births 1979 deaths People from Kremenchuk People from Poltava Governorate Ukrainian Jews Soviet emigrants to the United States American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent American film score composers American male film score composers American male conductors (music) Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Jewish American film score composers Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) 20th-century American conductors (music) 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century American Jews", "The Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, on page 124, states: \"The fifty-year period in the USA between 1914, the start of the First World War and the year of Irving Berlin's first full score, Watch Your Step, and 1964, the premiere of Bock and Harnick's Fiddler on the Roof, is informed by a rich musical legacy from Yiddish folk tunes (for example Mark Warshavsky's \"Di milners trem,\" The miller's tears: and Dimitri Tiomkin's \"Do Not Forsake Me.\" High Noon) ... \" Tiomkin won two more Oscars in subsequent years: for The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William A. Wellman, and featuring John Wayne; and The Old Man and the Sea (1958), adapted from an Ernest Hemingway novel.", "The song's lyrics briefly tell High Noons entire story arc, a tale of cowardice and conformity in a small Western town. Tiomkin composed his entire score around this single western-style ballad. He also eliminated violins from the ensemble. He added a subtle harmonica in the background, to give the film a \"rustic, deglamorized sound that suits the anti-heroic sentiments\" expressed by the story. According to Russian film historian Harlow Robinson, building the score around a single folk tune was typical of many Russian classical composers.", "Other Russian-born composers, such as Irving Berlin, wrote their scores for Broadway plays, many of which were later adapted to film. Tiomkin was the first film score composer to write both the title theme song and the score. He expanded on that technique in many of his westerns, including High Noon and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, in which the theme song was repeated as a common thread running through the entire film.", "Walt Disney presented him with both awards that evening. Walt Disney presented him with both awards that evening. According to film historian Arthur R. Jarvis, Jr., the score \"has been credited with saving the movie.\" Another music expert, Mervyn Cooke, agrees, adding that \"the song's spectacular success was partly responsible for changing the course of film-music history\". Tiomkin was the second composer to receive two Oscars (score and song) for the same dramatic film.", "High Noon) ... \" Tiomkin won two more Oscars in subsequent years: for The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William A. Wellman, and featuring John Wayne; and The Old Man and the Sea (1958), adapted from an Ernest Hemingway novel. During the 1955 ceremonies, Tiomkin thanked all of the earlier composers who had influenced him, including Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and other names from the European classical tradition. The composer worked again for Zinnemann on The Sundowners (1960).", "For the film Red River his biographer Christopher Palmer describes how the music immediately sets the epic and heroic tone for the film: Because of this stylistic contribution to westerns, along with other film genres, using title and ongoing theme songs, he had the greatest impact on Hollywood films in the following decades up until the present. With many of his songs being used in the title of films, Tiomkin created what composer Irwin Bazelon called \"title song mania.\"", "Tiomkin was the second composer to receive two Oscars (score and song) for the same dramatic film. (The first was Leigh Harline, who won Best Original Score for Disney's Pinocchio and Best Song for \"When You Wish Upon a Star\". Ned Washington wrote its lyrics as he did for \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin\".) The song's lyrics briefly tell High Noons entire story arc, a tale of cowardice and conformity in a small Western town.", "Tiomkin credited Capra for broadening his musical horizons by shifting them away from a purely Eurocentric and romantic style to a more American style based on subject matter and story. High Noon (1952) Following his work for Fred Zinnemann on The Men (1950), Tiomkin composed the score for the same director's High Noon (1952). His theme song was \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\" (\"The Ballad of High Noon\")." ]

[ "Upon receiving his Oscar in 1955 for The High and the Mighty, he became the first composer to publicly list and thank the great European masters, including Beethoven, Strauss, and Brahms, among others. Music historian Christopher Palmer says that Tiomkin's \"genius lay in coming up with themes and finding vivid ways of creating sonic color appropriate to the story and visual image, not in his ability to combine the themes into a complex symphonic structure that could stand on its own.\"", "High Noon) ... \" Tiomkin won two more Oscars in subsequent years: for The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William A. Wellman, and featuring John Wayne; and The Old Man and the Sea (1958), adapted from an Ernest Hemingway novel. During the 1955 ceremonies, Tiomkin thanked all of the earlier composers who had influenced him, including Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and other names from the European classical tradition. The composer worked again for Zinnemann on The Sundowners (1960).", "So please, boys, help me.\" So please, boys, help me.\" Upon receiving his Oscar in 1955 for The High and the Mighty, he became the first composer to publicly list and thank the great European masters, including Beethoven, Strauss, and Brahms, among others.", "The Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, on page 124, states: \"The fifty-year period in the USA between 1914, the start of the First World War and the year of Irving Berlin's first full score, Watch Your Step, and 1964, the premiere of Bock and Harnick's Fiddler on the Roof, is informed by a rich musical legacy from Yiddish folk tunes (for example Mark Warshavsky's \"Di milners trem,\" The miller's tears: and Dimitri Tiomkin's \"Do Not Forsake Me.\" High Noon) ... \" Tiomkin won two more Oscars in subsequent years: for The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William A. Wellman, and featuring John Wayne; and The Old Man and the Sea (1958), adapted from an Ernest Hemingway novel.", "Although influenced by European music traditions, Tiomkin was self-trained as a film composer. He scored many films of various genres, including historical dramas such as Cyrano de Bergerac (1950), The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), and Great Catherine (1968); war movies such as The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell (1955), The Guns of Navarone (1961), and Town Without Pity (1961); and suspense thrillers such as 36 Hours (1965).", "Tiomkin was the second composer to receive two Oscars (score and song) for the same dramatic film. (The first was Leigh Harline, who won Best Original Score for Disney's Pinocchio and Best Song for \"When You Wish Upon a Star\". Ned Washington wrote its lyrics as he did for \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin\".) The song's lyrics briefly tell High Noons entire story arc, a tale of cowardice and conformity in a small Western town.", "He survived the revolution and found work under the new regime. In 1920, while working for the Petrograd Military District Political Administration (PUR), Tiomkin was one of the lead organizers of two revolutionary mass spectacles, the Mystery of Liberated Labor, a pseudo-religious mystery play for the May Day festivities, and The Storming of the Winter Palace for the celebrations of the third anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. He supported himself while living in St. Petersburg by playing piano accompaniment for numerous Russian silent films.", "The song's lyrics briefly tell High Noons entire story arc, a tale of cowardice and conformity in a small Western town. Tiomkin composed his entire score around this single western-style ballad. He also eliminated violins from the ensemble. He added a subtle harmonica in the background, to give the film a \"rustic, deglamorized sound that suits the anti-heroic sentiments\" expressed by the story. According to Russian film historian Harlow Robinson, building the score around a single folk tune was typical of many Russian classical composers.", "The American Film Institute ranked Tiomkin's score for High Noon as #10 on their list of the 100 greatest film scores. His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list: The Alamo (1960) Dial M for Murder (1954) Duel in the Sun (1946) Friendly Persuasion (1956) The Guns of Navarone (1961) Lost Horizon (1937) Awards and nominations Academy Awards 1972 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song\" Score for Tchaikovsky (1969) 1965 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1964 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) for \"So Little Time\", sung by Andy Williams 1964 - nominated for \"Best Music, Score - Substantially Original\" for 55 Days at Peking (1963) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Town Without Pity (1961) 1962 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1961 - nominated (with Paul Francis Webster) for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Alamo (1960) for \"The Green Leaves of Summer\", sung by The Brothers Four 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Alamo (1960) 1961 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for The Young Land (1959) 1959 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Old Man and the Sea (1958) 1958 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for Wild Is the Wind (1957) 1957 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"Friendly Persuasion\", \"Best Scoring of a Dramatic Picture\" for \"Giant\" (1956) 1955 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The High and Mighty 1955 - nominated for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for \"The High and the Mighty\" (1954) 1953 - won (with Ned Washington) an Oscar for \"Best Music, Original Song\" for High Noon (1952) for \"Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'\", sung by Tex Ritter 1953 - won an Oscar for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for High Noon (1952) 1950 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for Champion (1949) 1945 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1944) 1944 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Moon and Sixpence (1943) 1943 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture\" for The Corsican Brothers (1941) 1940 - nominated for \"Best Music, Scoring\" for Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) Golden Globe Awards 1965 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for The Guns of Navarone (1961) 1962 for \"Best Motion Picture Song\" for Town without Pity (1961) 1961 for \"Best Original Score\" for The Alamo (1960) 1957 he received the \"Special Award\" as \"Recognition for film music\" 1955 he received the \"Special Award\" \"For creative musical contribution to Motion Picture\" 1953 for \"Best Motion Picture Score\" for High Noon (1952) References External links Official site Dimitri Tiomkin Dimitri Tiomkin's Golden Decade Multimedia links Audio clips, 40 film samples , audio score compilation by Berny Debney, 10 minutes Tiomkin on You Bet Your Life in 1955 1894 births 1979 deaths People from Kremenchuk People from Poltava Governorate Ukrainian Jews Soviet emigrants to the United States American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent American film score composers American male film score composers American male conductors (music) Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Golden Globe Award-winning musicians Jewish American film score composers Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale) 20th-century American conductors (music) 20th-century American composers 20th-century American male musicians 20th-century American Jews", "Film historian David Wallace notes that despite Tiomkin's indebtedness to Europe's classical composers, he would go on to express more than any other composer, \"the American spirit—its frontier spirit, anyway—in film music.\" Tiomkin had no illusions about his talent and the nature of his film work when compared to the classical composers. \"I am no Prokofiev, I am no Tchaikovsky. But what I write is good for what I write for. So please, boys, help me.\"" ]

[ "James Anthony Traficant Jr. (May 8, 1941 – September 27, 2014) was an American politician who served as a Democratic, and later independent, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He represented the 17th Congressional District, which centered on his hometown of Youngstown and included parts of three counties in northeast Ohio's Mahoning Valley.", "Traficant was taken to Salem Regional Medical Center in Salem, Ohio, then airlifted to St. Elizabeth's Health Center in Youngstown. On the evening of September 24, his wife described him as \"sedated and not doing well.\"", "He is still breathing. He is still breathing. Thousands are praying.\" On September 27, 2014, Traficant died at a hospice in Poland, Ohio, aged 73. By September 29, Traficant's body had been buried in an undisclosed location after the family had a private funeral, and announced that there would be no public funeral for him. FindAGrave website reports that Traficant was cremated.", "Traficant graduated from Cardinal Mooney High School in 1959 before receiving a B.S. in education from the University of Pittsburgh in 1963. He played quarterback for Pitt's football team, and his teammates included Mike Ditka. Traficant was drafted in the NFL's twentieth round (276th overall) by the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1963, and tried out for the Steelers and the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League, but did not play professionally. He later obtained an M.S.", "The forensic pathologist who conducted the examination attributed Traficant's death to positional asphyxiation, stating that he had been unable to breathe because of the weight of the tractor on top of him. Publications See also Pat Tillman Paul Wellstone List of United States representatives from Ohio List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes List of federal political scandals in the United States References External links \"Look at what Traficant swept under the rug\" – CNN, August 1, 2002 Traficant quarterbacking Pitt over Navy Official Website by Nicky Nelson & Jim Condit Jr., Project Freedom USA   James Traficant - A Tribute (Video) by Mike Wayne |- 1941 births 2014 deaths 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American male writers Accidental deaths in Ohio Activists from Ohio American anti–illegal immigration activists American football quarterbacks American male non-fiction writers American people convicted of tax crimes American people of Hungarian descent American politicians of Italian descent American political writers American talk radio hosts Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election Deaths from asphyxiation Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio Expelled members of the United States House of Representatives Farming accident deaths Members of the United States Congress stripped of committee assignment Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio Monetary reformers Ohio Democrats Ohio Independents Ohio politicians convicted of crimes Ohio sheriffs Pittsburgh Panthers football players Politicians convicted of bribery under 18 U.S.C.", "Author Michael Collins Piper, who authored Target: Traficant, The Untold Story initially helped circulate Traficant's letter, said that \"There's stuff I've written about Traficant that's showing up in places I don't even know. It's like (six) degrees of separation with the Internet now,\" and denied that Traficant had any direct connections to Duke. Release Traficant was released from prison on September 2, 2009.", "Release Traficant was released from prison on September 2, 2009. On September 6, 2009, 1,200 supporters welcomed him home at a banquet with an Elvis impersonator, and a Traficant lookalike contest. \"Welcome home Jimbo\" was printed on T-shirts. \"I think it's time to tell the FBI and the IRS that this is our country and we're tired—tired of the pressure, tired of the political targeting, tired of a powerful central government that is crippling America,\" he said.", "Speak up.\" Speak up.\" During the seven years of his incarceration, Traficant refused any visitors, saying that he didn't want anyone to see him. He was released on September 2, 2009, at age 68, and was subject to three years of probation. While in prison, Traficant received support from neo-Nazi David Duke, who urged visitors to his personal website to donate to his personal fund.", "Publicity from the RICO trial increased Traficant's local visibility. He was elected as a Democrat to Congress from Ohio's 17th District, defeating Lyle Williams, a three-term Republican incumbent. He was reelected eight times without serious opposition. In 2002, he was convicted of 10 felony counts including bribery, racketeering, and tax evasion. U.S. House of Representatives While in Congress, Traficant was a supporter of immigration reduction, and a strong opponent of illegal immigration." ]

[ "James Anthony Traficant Jr. (May 8, 1941 – September 27, 2014) was an American politician who served as a Democratic, and later independent, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He represented the 17th Congressional District, which centered on his hometown of Youngstown and included parts of three counties in northeast Ohio's Mahoning Valley.", "He later obtained an M.S. He later obtained an M.S. in educational administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1973 and a second master's degree in counseling from Youngstown State University in 1976. At the start of his career, Traficant was the consumer finance director for the Youngstown Community Action Program. He taught courses on drug and alcohol dependency and recovery at Youngstown State University and Kent State University, as well as lecturing on drug and alcohol abuse for colleges and government agencies outside Ohio.", "Author Michael Collins Piper, who authored Target: Traficant, The Untold Story initially helped circulate Traficant's letter, said that \"There's stuff I've written about Traficant that's showing up in places I don't even know. It's like (six) degrees of separation with the Internet now,\" and denied that Traficant had any direct connections to Duke. Release Traficant was released from prison on September 2, 2009.", "He taught courses on drug and alcohol dependency and recovery at Youngstown State University and Kent State University, as well as lecturing on drug and alcohol abuse for colleges and government agencies outside Ohio. In addition, Traficant taught at the Ohio Peace Officer Training Academy. He was the executive director of the Mahoning County Drug Program from 1971 to 1981, and Sheriff of Mahoning County from 1981 to 1985.", "While in prison, Traficant received support from neo-Nazi David Duke, who urged visitors to his personal website to donate to his personal fund. Duke posted a letter written by Traficant stating that he was targeted by the United States Department of Justice for, among other things, defending John Demjanjuk. Traficant also claimed, in the letter, that he knew facts about \"Waco, Ruby Ridge, Pan Am Flight 103, Jimmy Hoffa and the John F. Kennedy assassination\", which he may divulge in the future.", "Traficant was taken to Salem Regional Medical Center in Salem, Ohio, then airlifted to St. Elizabeth's Health Center in Youngstown. On the evening of September 24, his wife described him as \"sedated and not doing well.\"", "He is still breathing. He is still breathing. Thousands are praying.\" On September 27, 2014, Traficant died at a hospice in Poland, Ohio, aged 73. By September 29, Traficant's body had been buried in an undisclosed location after the family had a private funeral, and announced that there would be no public funeral for him. FindAGrave website reports that Traficant was cremated.", "The election was won by one of his former aides, Tim Ryan. Prison and later life Incarceration Traficant entered the Federal Correctional Institution, Allenwood Low, on August 6, 2002, with the Federal Bureau of Prisons ID # 31213-060. He served his first seventeen months at Allenwood. He said that he was put in solitary confinement shortly after his arrival for incitement to riot after he told a guard, \"People can't hear you. Speak up.\"" ]

[ "James Anthony Traficant Jr. (May 8, 1941 – September 27, 2014) was an American politician who served as a Democratic, and later independent, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He represented the 17th Congressional District, which centered on his hometown of Youngstown and included parts of three counties in northeast Ohio's Mahoning Valley.", "He was sentenced to prison and released on September 2, 2009, after serving a seven-year sentence. Traficant died on September 27, 2014, following a tractor accident at his farm in Green Township, Ohio. Early life, education, and career Born into a working-class Catholic family in Youngstown, Ohio, Traficant was the son of Agnes (née Farkas) and James Anthony Traficant Sr. He was of mostly Italian and Hungarian ancestry. Traficant graduated from Cardinal Mooney High School in 1959 before receiving a B.S.", "He later obtained an M.S. He later obtained an M.S. in educational administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1973 and a second master's degree in counseling from Youngstown State University in 1976. At the start of his career, Traficant was the consumer finance director for the Youngstown Community Action Program. He taught courses on drug and alcohol dependency and recovery at Youngstown State University and Kent State University, as well as lecturing on drug and alcohol abuse for colleges and government agencies outside Ohio.", "Author Michael Collins Piper, who authored Target: Traficant, The Untold Story initially helped circulate Traficant's letter, said that \"There's stuff I've written about Traficant that's showing up in places I don't even know. It's like (six) degrees of separation with the Internet now,\" and denied that Traficant had any direct connections to Duke. Release Traficant was released from prison on September 2, 2009.", "He taught courses on drug and alcohol dependency and recovery at Youngstown State University and Kent State University, as well as lecturing on drug and alcohol abuse for colleges and government agencies outside Ohio. In addition, Traficant taught at the Ohio Peace Officer Training Academy. He was the executive director of the Mahoning County Drug Program from 1971 to 1981, and Sheriff of Mahoning County from 1981 to 1985.", "While in prison, Traficant received support from neo-Nazi David Duke, who urged visitors to his personal website to donate to his personal fund. Duke posted a letter written by Traficant stating that he was targeted by the United States Department of Justice for, among other things, defending John Demjanjuk. Traficant also claimed, in the letter, that he knew facts about \"Waco, Ruby Ridge, Pan Am Flight 103, Jimmy Hoffa and the John F. Kennedy assassination\", which he may divulge in the future.", "The forensic pathologist who conducted the examination attributed Traficant's death to positional asphyxiation, stating that he had been unable to breathe because of the weight of the tractor on top of him. Publications See also Pat Tillman Paul Wellstone List of United States representatives from Ohio List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes List of federal political scandals in the United States References External links \"Look at what Traficant swept under the rug\" – CNN, August 1, 2002 Traficant quarterbacking Pitt over Navy Official Website by Nicky Nelson & Jim Condit Jr., Project Freedom USA   James Traficant - A Tribute (Video) by Mike Wayne |- 1941 births 2014 deaths 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American male writers Accidental deaths in Ohio Activists from Ohio American anti–illegal immigration activists American football quarterbacks American male non-fiction writers American people convicted of tax crimes American people of Hungarian descent American politicians of Italian descent American political writers American talk radio hosts Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election Deaths from asphyxiation Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio Expelled members of the United States House of Representatives Farming accident deaths Members of the United States Congress stripped of committee assignment Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio Monetary reformers Ohio Democrats Ohio Independents Ohio politicians convicted of crimes Ohio sheriffs Pittsburgh Panthers football players Politicians convicted of bribery under 18 U.S.C.", "He is still breathing. He is still breathing. Thousands are praying.\" On September 27, 2014, Traficant died at a hospice in Poland, Ohio, aged 73. By September 29, Traficant's body had been buried in an undisclosed location after the family had a private funeral, and announced that there would be no public funeral for him. FindAGrave website reports that Traficant was cremated.", "Speak up.\" Speak up.\" During the seven years of his incarceration, Traficant refused any visitors, saying that he didn't want anyone to see him. He was released on September 2, 2009, at age 68, and was subject to three years of probation. While in prison, Traficant received support from neo-Nazi David Duke, who urged visitors to his personal website to donate to his personal fund." ]

[ "James Anthony Traficant Jr. (May 8, 1941 – September 27, 2014) was an American politician who served as a Democratic, and later independent, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He represented the 17th Congressional District, which centered on his hometown of Youngstown and included parts of three counties in northeast Ohio's Mahoning Valley.", "He later obtained an M.S. He later obtained an M.S. in educational administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1973 and a second master's degree in counseling from Youngstown State University in 1976. At the start of his career, Traficant was the consumer finance director for the Youngstown Community Action Program. He taught courses on drug and alcohol dependency and recovery at Youngstown State University and Kent State University, as well as lecturing on drug and alcohol abuse for colleges and government agencies outside Ohio.", "He was sentenced to prison and released on September 2, 2009, after serving a seven-year sentence. Traficant died on September 27, 2014, following a tractor accident at his farm in Green Township, Ohio. Early life, education, and career Born into a working-class Catholic family in Youngstown, Ohio, Traficant was the son of Agnes (née Farkas) and James Anthony Traficant Sr. He was of mostly Italian and Hungarian ancestry. Traficant graduated from Cardinal Mooney High School in 1959 before receiving a B.S.", "Author Michael Collins Piper, who authored Target: Traficant, The Untold Story initially helped circulate Traficant's letter, said that \"There's stuff I've written about Traficant that's showing up in places I don't even know. It's like (six) degrees of separation with the Internet now,\" and denied that Traficant had any direct connections to Duke. Release Traficant was released from prison on September 2, 2009.", "He taught courses on drug and alcohol dependency and recovery at Youngstown State University and Kent State University, as well as lecturing on drug and alcohol abuse for colleges and government agencies outside Ohio. In addition, Traficant taught at the Ohio Peace Officer Training Academy. He was the executive director of the Mahoning County Drug Program from 1971 to 1981, and Sheriff of Mahoning County from 1981 to 1985.", "The forensic pathologist who conducted the examination attributed Traficant's death to positional asphyxiation, stating that he had been unable to breathe because of the weight of the tractor on top of him. Publications See also Pat Tillman Paul Wellstone List of United States representatives from Ohio List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes List of federal political scandals in the United States References External links \"Look at what Traficant swept under the rug\" – CNN, August 1, 2002 Traficant quarterbacking Pitt over Navy Official Website by Nicky Nelson & Jim Condit Jr., Project Freedom USA   James Traficant - A Tribute (Video) by Mike Wayne |- 1941 births 2014 deaths 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American male writers Accidental deaths in Ohio Activists from Ohio American anti–illegal immigration activists American football quarterbacks American male non-fiction writers American people convicted of tax crimes American people of Hungarian descent American politicians of Italian descent American political writers American talk radio hosts Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election Deaths from asphyxiation Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio Expelled members of the United States House of Representatives Farming accident deaths Members of the United States Congress stripped of committee assignment Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio Monetary reformers Ohio Democrats Ohio Independents Ohio politicians convicted of crimes Ohio sheriffs Pittsburgh Panthers football players Politicians convicted of bribery under 18 U.S.C.", "While in prison, Traficant received support from neo-Nazi David Duke, who urged visitors to his personal website to donate to his personal fund. Duke posted a letter written by Traficant stating that he was targeted by the United States Department of Justice for, among other things, defending John Demjanjuk. Traficant also claimed, in the letter, that he knew facts about \"Waco, Ruby Ridge, Pan Am Flight 103, Jimmy Hoffa and the John F. Kennedy assassination\", which he may divulge in the future.", "However, he voted against all four articles of impeachment against Bill Clinton. After he voted for Republican Dennis Hastert for Speaker of the House in 2001, the Democrats stripped him of his seniority and refused to give him any committee assignments. Because the Republicans did not assign him to any committees either, Traficant became the first member of the House of Representatives in over a century—outside the top leadership—to lack a single committee assignment.", "Traficant received 30,556 votes, or 16%. Traficant received 30,556 votes, or 16%. Post-prison life After his release from prison, he was featured as a guest speaker at a Tea Party protest in Columbiana, Ohio, among other events affiliated with reactionary politics. Traficant began a grassroots campaign in July 2014, \"Project Freedom USA\", to, among other things, put people pressure on Congress to get rid of the IRS and \"divorce\" the Federal Reserve." ]

[ "The Vienna Boys' Choir () is a choir of boy sopranos and altos based in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the best known boys' choirs in the world. The boys are selected mainly from Austria, but also from many other countries. The choir is a private, non-profit organization. There are approximately 100 choristers between the ages of nine and fourteen.", "Over the centuries, the choir has worked with many composers, including Heinrich Isaac, Hofhaimer, Biber, Fux, Caldara, Gluck, Salieri, Mozart, Franz Schubert and Bruckner. In 1920, following the fall of the Austrian Empire, the Hofkapelle (court orchestra) was disbanded. However, the rector at the time, Josef Schnitt, sought a continuation of the tradition. In 1924, the Vienna Boys' Choir was officially founded, and it has evolved into a professional music group.", "In 1924, the Vienna Boys' Choir was officially founded, and it has evolved into a professional music group. The choir adopted the now-famous blue-and-white sailor suit, replacing the imperial military cadet uniform that included a dagger. The composer HK Gruber is one of the graduates of the reformed choir. Since 1948, Palais Augarten has served as the rehearsal venue and boarding school, which goes from kindergarten level up to middle school level.", "Eight possible victims came forward saying they were abused, either by staff or other choir members. Selected discography Christmas Frohe Weihnachten (2015) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Christmas (2003) Frohe Weihnacht (Merry Christmas) (1999) Christmas in Vienna / Heiligste Nacht (1990) Merry Christmas from the Vienna Choir Boys (1982) Christmas with the Vienna Choir Boys (with Hermann Prey) Christmas with the Vienna Boys' Choir, London Symphony Orchestra (1990) Weihnacht mit den Wiener Sängerknaben (Hans Gillesberger 1980) The Little Drummer Boy (TV 1968) Die Wiener Sängerknaben und ihre Schönsten ... (1967) Frohe Weihnacht (1960) Christmas Angels (RCA Gold Seal) Silent Night Pop music I Am from Austria (2006) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Pop (2002) Other recordings Orff: Carmina Burana (with André Previn and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra) (1994) Angelic Voices (1998) \"Doraemon no Uta\" for the animated motion picture Doraemon: Nobita and the Legend of the Sun King (2000) Silk Road: Songs Along the Road and Time (Music from the Motion Picture) (with Yulduz Usmanova and Nursultan Saroy) (2008) LG G2 Theme song and ringtone (2013) Strauss For Ever (2018) The Vienna Boys' Choir performed the song \"The Little Drummer Boy\" in the Rankin/Bass TV special of the same name.", "There are approximately 100 choristers between the ages of nine and fourteen. The boys are divided into four touring choirs, named after Austrian composers Bruckner, Haydn, Mozart and Schubert, which combined perform about 300 concerts each year before almost 500,000 people. Each group tours for about nine to eleven weeks. Some pieces include \"Good Morning\" and \"Merry Christmas from Vienna Boys\". Early history The choir is the modern-day descendant of the boys' choirs of the Viennese Court, dating back to the late Middle Ages.", "Some boys were attracted to the rival choir school by the prospect of a more relaxed atmosphere and of performance fees being paid directly to them. The Vienna Boys' Choir has sought to update its image, recording pop music selections and adopting an alternative uniform to the sailor suits used since the 1920s, allowing the boys to dance as they sing. After Eugen Jesser died in May 2008, Walter Nettig became the choir's president.", "Selected discography Christmas Frohe Weihnachten (2015) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Christmas (2003) Frohe Weihnacht (Merry Christmas) (1999) Christmas in Vienna / Heiligste Nacht (1990) Merry Christmas from the Vienna Choir Boys (1982) Christmas with the Vienna Choir Boys (with Hermann Prey) Christmas with the Vienna Boys' Choir, London Symphony Orchestra (1990) Weihnacht mit den Wiener Sängerknaben (Hans Gillesberger 1980) The Little Drummer Boy (TV 1968) Die Wiener Sängerknaben und ihre Schönsten ... (1967) Frohe Weihnacht (1960) Christmas Angels (RCA Gold Seal) Silent Night Pop music I Am from Austria (2006) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Pop (2002) Other recordings Orff: Carmina Burana (with André Previn and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra) (1994) Angelic Voices (1998) \"Doraemon no Uta\" for the animated motion picture Doraemon: Nobita and the Legend of the Sun King (2000) Silk Road: Songs Along the Road and Time (Music from the Motion Picture) (with Yulduz Usmanova and Nursultan Saroy) (2008) LG G2 Theme song and ringtone (2013) Strauss For Ever (2018) The Vienna Boys' Choir performed the song \"The Little Drummer Boy\" in the Rankin/Bass TV special of the same name. Feature Films Kleine Grosse Stimme (Little big voice) (2015) Songs for Mary (2014) Bridging the Gap (2013) Silk Road (2008) Almost Angels (1962) When the Bells Sound Clearly (1959) Der schönste Tag meines Lebens (The best day of my life) (1957) Voices of Spring (1952) Singenden Engel (The singing angels) (1947) Boys of the Prater (1946) Concert in Tirol (1938) An Orphan Boy of Vienna (1936) Featured composers Johann Sebastian Bach Ludwig van Beethoven Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber Benjamin Britten Anton Bruckner Antonio Caldara Jacobus Gallus George Frideric Handel Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Franz Schubert Salomon Sulzer Smaller works based on anthologies Anton Bruckner, Christus factus est Anton Bruckner, Locus iste Anton Bruckner, Os justi Anton Bruckner, Virga Jesse Joseph Leopold Eybler, Omnes de Saba venient Gabriel Fauré, Pie Jesu Jacobus Gallus, Natus est nobis Jacobus Gallus, Pueri concinite Jacobus Gallus, Repleti sunt Georg Friedrich Händel, Zadok the Priest Joseph Haydn, Du bist's, dem Ruhm und Ehre gebühret Joseph Haydn, Insanae et vanae curae Michael Haydn, Lauft, ihr Hirten allzugleich Jacbus de Kerle, Sanctus – Hosanna – Benedictus Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Kyrie Es-Dur KV 322 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Kyrie d-moll KV 341 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Misericordias Domini KV 222 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Sub tuum praesidium Giovanni Nascus, Incipit lamentatio Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Hodie Christus natus est Michael Praetorius, In natali Domini Franz Schubert, Salve Regina D 386 Franz Schubert, Tantum ergo D 962 Franz Schubert, Totus in corde langueo D 136 Giuseppe Verdi, Laudi alla Vergine Maria Giuseppe Verdi, Pater noster Tomás Luis de Victoria, O regem coeli Tomás Luis de Victoria, Una hora See also Vienna Girls' Choir Drakensberg Boys' Choir School References External links School's official website Friends of the Vienna Boys Choir 1490s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1498 establishments in Europe 15th-century establishments in Austria Austrian choirs Boys' and men's choirs Choirs of children Musical groups from Vienna Musical groups established in the 15th century Organisations based in Vienna EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists", "It was Disney who, for cinematographic reasons, persuaded the Austrian government to allow the boys to legally wear the Austrian national emblem on the breast of their uniform, a tradition that continues to this day. Recent history Gerald Wirth became the choir's artistic director in 2001. However, since then, the choir has come under pressure to modernize and has faced criticism of their musical standards, leading to a split with the Vienna State Opera.", "After Eugen Jesser died in May 2008, Walter Nettig became the choir's president. Gerald Wirth has been the artistic director since 2001, and he also became the choir's president in 2013. In 2010, following sexual abuse allegations from two former choristers stemming from the late 1960s and early 1980s, the Vienna Boys' Choir opened a confidential phone and e-mail hotline to allow others to come forward. Eight possible victims came forward saying they were abused, either by staff or other choir members." ]

[ "The Vienna Boys' Choir () is a choir of boy sopranos and altos based in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the best known boys' choirs in the world. The boys are selected mainly from Austria, but also from many other countries. The choir is a private, non-profit organization. There are approximately 100 choristers between the ages of nine and fourteen.", "Over the centuries, the choir has worked with many composers, including Heinrich Isaac, Hofhaimer, Biber, Fux, Caldara, Gluck, Salieri, Mozart, Franz Schubert and Bruckner. In 1920, following the fall of the Austrian Empire, the Hofkapelle (court orchestra) was disbanded. However, the rector at the time, Josef Schnitt, sought a continuation of the tradition. In 1924, the Vienna Boys' Choir was officially founded, and it has evolved into a professional music group.", "Early history The choir is the modern-day descendant of the boys' choirs of the Viennese Court, dating back to the late Middle Ages. The Wiener Hofmusikkapelle was established by a letter from Emperor Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire on 30 June 1498, instructing court officials to employ a singing master, two basses and six boys. Jurij Slatkonja became the director of the ensemble. The role of the choir (numbering between 24 and 26) was to provide musical accompaniment for the church mass.", "Selected discography Christmas Frohe Weihnachten (2015) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Christmas (2003) Frohe Weihnacht (Merry Christmas) (1999) Christmas in Vienna / Heiligste Nacht (1990) Merry Christmas from the Vienna Choir Boys (1982) Christmas with the Vienna Choir Boys (with Hermann Prey) Christmas with the Vienna Boys' Choir, London Symphony Orchestra (1990) Weihnacht mit den Wiener Sängerknaben (Hans Gillesberger 1980) The Little Drummer Boy (TV 1968) Die Wiener Sängerknaben und ihre Schönsten ... (1967) Frohe Weihnacht (1960) Christmas Angels (RCA Gold Seal) Silent Night Pop music I Am from Austria (2006) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Pop (2002) Other recordings Orff: Carmina Burana (with André Previn and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra) (1994) Angelic Voices (1998) \"Doraemon no Uta\" for the animated motion picture Doraemon: Nobita and the Legend of the Sun King (2000) Silk Road: Songs Along the Road and Time (Music from the Motion Picture) (with Yulduz Usmanova and Nursultan Saroy) (2008) LG G2 Theme song and ringtone (2013) Strauss For Ever (2018) The Vienna Boys' Choir performed the song \"The Little Drummer Boy\" in the Rankin/Bass TV special of the same name. Feature Films Kleine Grosse Stimme (Little big voice) (2015) Songs for Mary (2014) Bridging the Gap (2013) Silk Road (2008) Almost Angels (1962) When the Bells Sound Clearly (1959) Der schönste Tag meines Lebens (The best day of my life) (1957) Voices of Spring (1952) Singenden Engel (The singing angels) (1947) Boys of the Prater (1946) Concert in Tirol (1938) An Orphan Boy of Vienna (1936) Featured composers Johann Sebastian Bach Ludwig van Beethoven Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber Benjamin Britten Anton Bruckner Antonio Caldara Jacobus Gallus George Frideric Handel Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Franz Schubert Salomon Sulzer Smaller works based on anthologies Anton Bruckner, Christus factus est Anton Bruckner, Locus iste Anton Bruckner, Os justi Anton Bruckner, Virga Jesse Joseph Leopold Eybler, Omnes de Saba venient Gabriel Fauré, Pie Jesu Jacobus Gallus, Natus est nobis Jacobus Gallus, Pueri concinite Jacobus Gallus, Repleti sunt Georg Friedrich Händel, Zadok the Priest Joseph Haydn, Du bist's, dem Ruhm und Ehre gebühret Joseph Haydn, Insanae et vanae curae Michael Haydn, Lauft, ihr Hirten allzugleich Jacbus de Kerle, Sanctus – Hosanna – Benedictus Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Kyrie Es-Dur KV 322 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Kyrie d-moll KV 341 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Misericordias Domini KV 222 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Sub tuum praesidium Giovanni Nascus, Incipit lamentatio Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Hodie Christus natus est Michael Praetorius, In natali Domini Franz Schubert, Salve Regina D 386 Franz Schubert, Tantum ergo D 962 Franz Schubert, Totus in corde langueo D 136 Giuseppe Verdi, Laudi alla Vergine Maria Giuseppe Verdi, Pater noster Tomás Luis de Victoria, O regem coeli Tomás Luis de Victoria, Una hora See also Vienna Girls' Choir Drakensberg Boys' Choir School References External links School's official website Friends of the Vienna Boys Choir 1490s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1498 establishments in Europe 15th-century establishments in Austria Austrian choirs Boys' and men's choirs Choirs of children Musical groups from Vienna Musical groups established in the 15th century Organisations based in Vienna EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists", "It was Disney who, for cinematographic reasons, persuaded the Austrian government to allow the boys to legally wear the Austrian national emblem on the breast of their uniform, a tradition that continues to this day. Recent history Gerald Wirth became the choir's artistic director in 2001. However, since then, the choir has come under pressure to modernize and has faced criticism of their musical standards, leading to a split with the Vienna State Opera.", "In 1924, the Vienna Boys' Choir was officially founded, and it has evolved into a professional music group. The choir adopted the now-famous blue-and-white sailor suit, replacing the imperial military cadet uniform that included a dagger. The composer HK Gruber is one of the graduates of the reformed choir. Since 1948, Palais Augarten has served as the rehearsal venue and boarding school, which goes from kindergarten level up to middle school level.", "Eight possible victims came forward saying they were abused, either by staff or other choir members. Selected discography Christmas Frohe Weihnachten (2015) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Christmas (2003) Frohe Weihnacht (Merry Christmas) (1999) Christmas in Vienna / Heiligste Nacht (1990) Merry Christmas from the Vienna Choir Boys (1982) Christmas with the Vienna Choir Boys (with Hermann Prey) Christmas with the Vienna Boys' Choir, London Symphony Orchestra (1990) Weihnacht mit den Wiener Sängerknaben (Hans Gillesberger 1980) The Little Drummer Boy (TV 1968) Die Wiener Sängerknaben und ihre Schönsten ... (1967) Frohe Weihnacht (1960) Christmas Angels (RCA Gold Seal) Silent Night Pop music I Am from Austria (2006) Wiener Sängerknaben Goes Pop (2002) Other recordings Orff: Carmina Burana (with André Previn and the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra) (1994) Angelic Voices (1998) \"Doraemon no Uta\" for the animated motion picture Doraemon: Nobita and the Legend of the Sun King (2000) Silk Road: Songs Along the Road and Time (Music from the Motion Picture) (with Yulduz Usmanova and Nursultan Saroy) (2008) LG G2 Theme song and ringtone (2013) Strauss For Ever (2018) The Vienna Boys' Choir performed the song \"The Little Drummer Boy\" in the Rankin/Bass TV special of the same name.", "Some boys were attracted to the rival choir school by the prospect of a more relaxed atmosphere and of performance fees being paid directly to them. The Vienna Boys' Choir has sought to update its image, recording pop music selections and adopting an alternative uniform to the sailor suits used since the 1920s, allowing the boys to dance as they sing. After Eugen Jesser died in May 2008, Walter Nettig became the choir's president.", "There are approximately 100 choristers between the ages of nine and fourteen. The boys are divided into four touring choirs, named after Austrian composers Bruckner, Haydn, Mozart and Schubert, which combined perform about 300 concerts each year before almost 500,000 people. Each group tours for about nine to eleven weeks. Some pieces include \"Good Morning\" and \"Merry Christmas from Vienna Boys\". Early history The choir is the modern-day descendant of the boys' choirs of the Viennese Court, dating back to the late Middle Ages.", "However, since then, the choir has come under pressure to modernize and has faced criticism of their musical standards, leading to a split with the Vienna State Opera. The choir has for the first time had to advertise for recruits after a rival choir school was established by Ioan Holender, director of the opera company. He complained of both falling standards and poor communication with the choir." ]

[ "He defeated the city's 25-year incumbent mayor and served from 1991 to 1995. Governor of Minnesota Ventura ran for governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the Reform Party of Minnesota nominee (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America).", "Jesse Ventura (born James George Janos; July 15, 1951) is an American politician, military veteran, actor, television presenter, political commentator, author, and retired professional wrestler. After achieving fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he served as the 38th governor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2003. He was elected governor with the Reform Party and is the party's only candidate to win a major government office. Ventura was a member of the U.S. Navy Underwater Demolition Team during the Vietnam War.", "He later apologized for the remark, saying it was not intended to be taken seriously. Consideration of bids for other political offices While Ventura has not held public office since the end of his term as governor in 2003, he has remained politically active and occasionally hinted at running for political office. In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race.", "Governor of Minnesota Ventura ran for governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the Reform Party of Minnesota nominee (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America). His campaign consisted of a combination of aggressive grassroots events organized in part by his campaign manager Doug Friedline and original television spots, designed by quirky adman Bill Hillsman, using the phrase \"Don't vote for politics as usual.\"", "In a major upset, Ventura defeated both the Democratic and Republican nominees. Amid internal fights for control over the party, Ventura left the Reform Party a year after taking office and served the remainder of his governship with the Independence Party of Minnesota. Since holding public office, Ventura has called himself a \"statesman\" rather than a politician. As governor, Ventura oversaw reforms of Minnesota's property tax as well as the state's first sales tax rebate.", "In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race. A Twin Cities station Fox 9 poll put him at 24%, behind Democratic candidate Al Franken at 32% and Coleman at 39% in a hypothetical three-way race.", "A Twin Cities station Fox 9 poll put him at 24%, behind Democratic candidate Al Franken at 32% and Coleman at 39% in a hypothetical three-way race. On Larry King Live on July 14, 2008, Ventura said he would not run, partly out of concern for his family's privacy. Franken won the election by a very narrow margin.", "During his victory speech, Ventura famously declared, \"We shocked the world!\" After his election, bumper stickers and T-shirts bearing the slogan \"My governor can beat up your governor\" appeared in Minnesota. The nickname \"Jesse 'The Mind'\" (from a last-minute Hillsman ad featuring Ventura posing as Rodin's Thinker) began to resurface sarcastically in reference to his often controversial remarks.", "Ventura quickly retreated from the comments, saying he was just floating an idea. Political positions as governor In political debates, Ventura often admitted that he had not formed an opinion on certain policy questions. He often called himself as \"fiscally conservative and socially liberal.\" He selected teacher Mae Schunk as his running mate. Lacking a party base in the Minnesota House of Representatives and Senate, Ventura's policy ambitions had little chance of being introduced as bills.", "In addition to wrestling, Ventura pursued an acting career, appearing in films such as Predator and The Running Man (both 1987). Ventura entered politics in 1991 when he was elected mayor of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, a position he held until 1995. He was the Reform Party candidate in the 1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election, running a low-budget campaign centered on grassroots events and unusual ads that urged citizens not to \"vote for politics as usual\". In a major upset, Ventura defeated both the Democratic and Republican nominees." ]

[ "He defeated the city's 25-year incumbent mayor and served from 1991 to 1995. Governor of Minnesota Ventura ran for governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the Reform Party of Minnesota nominee (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America).", "Governor of Minnesota Ventura ran for governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the Reform Party of Minnesota nominee (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America). His campaign consisted of a combination of aggressive grassroots events organized in part by his campaign manager Doug Friedline and original television spots, designed by quirky adman Bill Hillsman, using the phrase \"Don't vote for politics as usual.\"", "In a major upset, Ventura defeated both the Democratic and Republican nominees. Amid internal fights for control over the party, Ventura left the Reform Party a year after taking office and served the remainder of his governship with the Independence Party of Minnesota. Since holding public office, Ventura has called himself a \"statesman\" rather than a politician. As governor, Ventura oversaw reforms of Minnesota's property tax as well as the state's first sales tax rebate.", "Jesse Ventura (born James George Janos; July 15, 1951) is an American politician, military veteran, actor, television presenter, political commentator, author, and retired professional wrestler. After achieving fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he served as the 38th governor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2003. He was elected governor with the Reform Party and is the party's only candidate to win a major government office. Ventura was a member of the U.S. Navy Underwater Demolition Team during the Vietnam War.", "In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race. A Twin Cities station Fox 9 poll put him at 24%, behind Democratic candidate Al Franken at 32% and Coleman at 39% in a hypothetical three-way race.", "A Twin Cities station Fox 9 poll put him at 24%, behind Democratic candidate Al Franken at 32% and Coleman at 39% in a hypothetical three-way race. On Larry King Live on July 14, 2008, Ventura said he would not run, partly out of concern for his family's privacy. Franken won the election by a very narrow margin.", "He later apologized for the remark, saying it was not intended to be taken seriously. Consideration of bids for other political offices While Ventura has not held public office since the end of his term as governor in 2003, he has remained politically active and occasionally hinted at running for political office. In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race.", "Ventura quickly retreated from the comments, saying he was just floating an idea. Political positions as governor In political debates, Ventura often admitted that he had not formed an opinion on certain policy questions. He often called himself as \"fiscally conservative and socially liberal.\" He selected teacher Mae Schunk as his running mate. Lacking a party base in the Minnesota House of Representatives and Senate, Ventura's policy ambitions had little chance of being introduced as bills.", "Franken won the election by a very narrow margin. Franken won the election by a very narrow margin. In his 1999 autobiography I Ain't Got Time to Bleed, Ventura suggested that he did not plan to run for president of the United States but did not rule it out. In 2003, he expressed interest in running for president while accepting an award from the International Wrestling Institute and Museum in Newton, Iowa." ]

[ "Minneapolis Star-Tribune October 31, 2002: 1A+. Minneapolis Star-Tribune October 31, 2002: 1A+. External links Minnesota Historical Society Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues Fact-checking at PolitiFact.com Off The Grid with Jesse Ventura |- 1951 births 20th-century American male actors 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American male actors 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American politicians 9/11 conspiracy theorists American actor-politicians American anti-war activists American anti–Iraq War activists American atheists American athlete-politicians American cannabis activists American color commentators American conspiracy theorists American expatriates in Mexico American former Protestants American game show hosts American gun rights activists American humanists American male film actors American male non-fiction writers American male professional wrestlers 20th-century American memoirists American libertarians United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War American people of German descent American people of Slovak descent American political commentators American political writers American talk radio hosts American television sports announcers Critics of religions Former Lutherans Governors of Minnesota Independence Party of Minnesota politicians Independent state governors of the United States John F. Kennedy conspiracy theorists Living people MSNBC people Male actors from Minneapolis Mayors of places in Minnesota Military personnel from Minneapolis Minnesota Greens Minnesota Independents Minnesota Vikings announcers Mongols Motorcycle Club National Football League announcers Non-interventionism People from Maple Grove, Minnesota Politicians from Minneapolis Professional wrestlers from Minnesota Professional wrestling announcers Radical centrist writers Radio personalities from Minneapolis Reform Party of the United States of America politicians Researchers of the assassination of John F. Kennedy Tampa Bay Buccaneers announcers United States Navy non-commissioned officers WWE Hall of Fame inductees Writers from Minneapolis XFL (2001) announcers Roosevelt High School (Minnesota) alumni", "\"Record-high job approval for Ventura; Many Minnesotans like his style, don't mind moonlighting\". Star Tribune July 22, 1999: 1A+. deFiebre, Conrad. \"Using body language, Ventura backs Kerry\". Star Tribune October 23, 2004: 1A+. Kahn, Joseph P. \"The Body Politic\". The Boston Globe February 25, 2004. Accessed April 28, 2004. Olson, Rochelle and Bob von Sternberg. \"GOP demands equal time; Wellstone aide apologizes; Ventura upset\".", "In it, Ventura describes a hypothetical campaign in which he is an independent candidate for president of the United States in 2008. In an interview with the Associated Press at the time of the book's release, Ventura denied any plans for a presidential bid, saying that the scenario was only imaginary and not indicative of a \"secret plan to run\".", "He later apologized for the remark, saying it was not intended to be taken seriously. Consideration of bids for other political offices While Ventura has not held public office since the end of his term as governor in 2003, he has remained politically active and occasionally hinted at running for political office. In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race.", "In an interview with the Associated Press at the time of the book's release, Ventura denied any plans for a presidential bid, saying that the scenario was only imaginary and not indicative of a \"secret plan to run\". On MinnPost.com, Ventura's agent, Steve Schwartz, said of the book, \"[Ventura is revealing] why he left politics and discussing the disastrous war in Iraq, why he sees our two-party system as corrupt, and what Fidel Castro told him about who was really behind the assassination of President Kennedy.\"", "\"GOP demands equal time; Wellstone aide apologizes; Ventura upset\". Minneapolis Star-Tribune October 31, 2002: 1A+.", "In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race. A Twin Cities station Fox 9 poll put him at 24%, behind Democratic candidate Al Franken at 32% and Coleman at 39% in a hypothetical three-way race.", "Going to the Mat Against Political Pawns and Media Jackals (September 1, 2000) Jesse Ventura Tells it Like it Is: America's Most Outspoken Governor Speaks Out About Government (August 1, 2002, co-authored with Heron Marquez) Don't Start the Revolution Without Me! (April 1, 2008, co-authored with Dick Russell) American Conspiracies (March 8, 2010, co-authored with Dick Russell) .", "Governor of Minnesota Ventura ran for governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the Reform Party of Minnesota nominee (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America). His campaign consisted of a combination of aggressive grassroots events organized in part by his campaign manager Doug Friedline and original television spots, designed by quirky adman Bill Hillsman, using the phrase \"Don't vote for politics as usual.\"", "In his book Independent Nation, political analyst John Avlon describes Ventura as a radical centrist thinker and activist. Wellstone memorial Ventura greatly disapproved of some of the actions that took place at the 2002 memorial for Senator Paul Wellstone, his family, and others who died in a plane crash on October 25, 2002. Ventura said, \"I feel used. I feel violated and duped over the fact that the memorial ceremony turned into a political rally\"." ]

[ "He later apologized for the remark, saying it was not intended to be taken seriously. Consideration of bids for other political offices While Ventura has not held public office since the end of his term as governor in 2003, he has remained politically active and occasionally hinted at running for political office. In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race.", "He later told a Boston Globe reporter that he would have run for a second term if he had been single, citing the media's effect on his family life. Ventura sparked media criticism when, nearing the end of his term, he suggested that he might resign from office early to allow his lieutenant governor, Mae Schunk, an opportunity to serve as governor.", "Jesse Ventura (born James George Janos; July 15, 1951) is an American politician, military veteran, actor, television presenter, political commentator, author, and retired professional wrestler. After achieving fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he served as the 38th governor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2003. He was elected governor with the Reform Party and is the party's only candidate to win a major government office. Ventura was a member of the U.S. Navy Underwater Demolition Team during the Vietnam War.", "Other endeavors Post-gubernatorial life Ventura was succeeded in office on January 6, 2003, by Republican Tim Pawlenty. In October 2003 he began a weekly MSNBC show, Jesse Ventura's America; the show was canceled after a couple of months. Ventura has alleged it was canceled because he opposed the Iraq War. MSNBC honored the balance of his three-year contract, legally preventing him from doing any other TV or news shows.", "Ventura's old stage name \"Jesse 'The Body'\" (sometimes adapted to \"Jesse 'The Governing Body'\") also continued to appear with some regularity. After a trade mission to China in 2002, Ventura announced that he would not run for a second term, saying that he no longer felt dedicated enough to his job and accusing the media of hounding him and his family for personal behavior and beliefs while neglecting coverage of important policy issues.", "He defeated the city's 25-year incumbent mayor and served from 1991 to 1995. Governor of Minnesota Ventura ran for governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the Reform Party of Minnesota nominee (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America).", "In a major upset, Ventura defeated both the Democratic and Republican nominees. Amid internal fights for control over the party, Ventura left the Reform Party a year after taking office and served the remainder of his governship with the Independence Party of Minnesota. Since holding public office, Ventura has called himself a \"statesman\" rather than a politician. As governor, Ventura oversaw reforms of Minnesota's property tax as well as the state's first sales tax rebate.", "After a trade mission to China in 2002, Ventura announced that he would not run for a second term, saying that he no longer felt dedicated enough to his job and accusing the media of hounding him and his family for personal behavior and beliefs while neglecting coverage of important policy issues. He later told a Boston Globe reporter that he would have run for a second term if he had been single, citing the media's effect on his family life.", "In an April 7, 2008, interview on CNN's The Situation Room, Ventura said he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 gubernatorial race. A Twin Cities station Fox 9 poll put him at 24%, behind Democratic candidate Al Franken at 32% and Coleman at 39% in a hypothetical three-way race." ]

[ "|- | 2001 | Just Shoot Me | Himself | Episode: \"Finch in the Dogg House\" |- | 2002–2003 | Doggy Fizzle Televizzle | Himself | 8 episodes |- | 2003 | Playmakers | Big E | Episode: \"Tenth of a Second\" |- | 2003 | Crank Yankers | Himself | Episode: \"Snoop Dogg & Kevin Nealon\" |- | 2004 | Chappelle's Show | Puppet Dangle/Himself | Episode 10 |- | 2004 | Las Vegas | Himself | Episode: \"Two of a Kind\" |- | 2004 | The Bernie Mac Show | Calvin | Episode: \"Big Brother\" |- | 2004 | The L Word | Slim Daddy | Episodes: \"Luck, Next Time\" & \"Liberally\" |- | 2004 | 2004 Spike Video Game Awards | Host/Himself | TV special |- | 2006 | Weeds | Himself | Episode: \"MILF Money\" |- | 2007–2009 | Snoop Dogg's Father Hood | Himself | 2 seasons, 18 episodes |- | 2007 | Monk | Russel “Murderuss“ Kray | Episode: \"Mr. Monk and the Rapper\" |- | 2008, 2010, 2013 | One Life to Live | Himself | 3 episodesWrote and produced theme song |- | 2009 | Dogg After Dark | Himself | 1 season, 7 episodes |- | 2009; 2015 | WWE Raw | Host/Himself | TV special |- | 2010 | The Boondocks | Macktastic | Episode: \"Bitches to Rags\" |- | 2010 | Big Time Rush | Himself | Episode: \"Big Time Christmas\" |- | 2011 | 90210| Himself | Episode: \"Blue Naomi\" |- | 2011 | The Cleveland Show| Himself | Episode: \"Back to Cool\" |- | 2014 | Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta| Himself | Guest appearance |- | 2014 | Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood| Himself | Guest appearance |- | 2015 | Snoop & Son, a Dad's Dream| Himself | 1 season, 5 episodes |- | 2015 | Sanjay and Craig| Street Dogg | Episode: \"Street Dogg\" |- | 2015 | Show Me the Money 4| Himself | Episode 4 |- | 2016–2017 | Trailer Park Boys| Himself | 5 episodes |- | 2016 | Lip Sync Battle| Himself | Episode: \"Snoop Dogg vs Chris Paul\" |- | 2016–present | Martha & Snoop's Potluck Dinner Party| Himself | Co-host |- | 2017 | The Simpsons| Himself | Episode: \"The Great Phatsby\" |- | 2017 | Growing Up Hip Hop: Atlanta| Himself | Guest appearances |- | 2017 | The Joker's Wild| Himself | Host |- | 2018 | Coach Snoop| Himself | All 8 Episodes of Netflix documentary |- | 2018 | Sugar| Himself | Episode: \"Snoop Dogg surprises a young father who is working to turn his life around\". |- | 2019 | Law & Order: Special Victims Unit| P.T.", "Notes References Further reading External links Official social media links Snoop Dogg on Instagram. Archived from the original Snoop Dogg on Spotify Dogg on YouTube 1971 births 20th-century African-American male singers 20th-century American businesspeople 20th-century American male actors 20th-century American rappers 20th-century American singers 21st-century African-American male singers 21st-century American businesspeople 21st-century American male actors 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American singers 213 (group) members African-American Christians African-American film producers African-American game show hosts African-American investors African-American male actors African-American male rappers African-American male singer-songwriters African-American record producers African-American television directors African-American television personalities African-American television producers American businesspeople convicted of crimes American cannabis activists American film producers American former Muslims American game show hosts American hip hop record producers American hip hop singers American investors American male film actors American male rappers American male singer-songwriters American male television actors American male voice actors American media company founders American music industry executives American music video directors American online publication editors American people convicted of drug offenses American reality television producers American reggae musicians American television directors Businesspeople from Los Angeles Businesspeople in the cannabis industry Cannabis music Converts to Christianity from Islam Converts to the Rastafari movement Crips Death Row Records artists Film producers from California Former Nation of Islam members Former Rastafarians Gangsta rappers G-funk artists Living people Male actors from California Male actors from Los Angeles Mount Westmore members MTV Europe Music Award winners Musicians from Long Beach, California No Limit Records artists Participants in American reality television series People acquitted of murder Priority Records artists Rappers from Los Angeles Record producers from California Record producers from Los Angeles Reggae fusion artists Singers from Los Angeles Singer-songwriters from California Television producers from California Twitch (service) streamers West Coast hip hop musicians WWE Hall of Fame inductees", "Snoop Dogg was also sued for sexual assault in 2005. DiscographyStudio albumsDoggystyle (1993) Tha Doggfather (1996) Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told (1998) No Limit Top Dogg (1999) Tha Last Meal (2000) Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss (2002) R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece (2004) Tha Blue Carpet Treatment (2006) Ego Trippin' (2008) Malice n Wonderland (2009) Doggumentary (2011) Reincarnated (2013) Bush (2015) Coolaid (2016) Neva Left (2017) Bible of Love (2018) I Wanna Thank Me (2019) From tha Streets 2 tha Suites (2021) BODR (2022)Collaboration albumsTha Eastsidaz with Tha Eastsidaz (2000) Duces 'n Trayz: The Old Fashioned Way with Tha Eastsidaz (2001) The Hard Way with 213 (2004) Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa (2011) 7 Days of Funk with 7 Days of Funk (2013) Royal Fam with Tha Broadus Boyz (2013) Cuzznz with Daz Dillinger (2016) Filmography {| class=\"wikitable\" |- style=\"background:#ccc; text-align:center;\" !", "In 1990, he was convicted of felony possession of drugs and possession for sale. While recording Doggystyle in August 1993, Snoop Dogg was arrested in connection with the death of a member of a rival gang who was allegedly shot and killed by Snoop Dogg's bodyguard; Snoop Dogg had been temporarily living in an apartment complex in the Palms neighborhood in the West Los Angeles region, in the intersection of Vinton Avenue and Woodbine Street - the location of the shooting.", "In an interview with Neil Strauss in 1998, Snoop Dogg said that though he had been given lavish gifts by his former label, they had withheld his royalty payments. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic said that after Tha Doggfather, Snoop Dogg began \"moving away from his gangsta roots toward a calmer lyrical aesthetic\": for instance, Snoop participated in the 1997 Lollapalooza concert tour, which featured mainly alternative rock music.", "For nothin'!\" For nothin'!\" He announced to his Swedish fanbase that he would no longer go on tour in the country due to the incident. Snoop Dogg has also been arrested and fined three times for misdemeanor possession of marijuana: in Los Angeles in 1998, Cleveland, Ohio in 2001, and Sierra Blanca, Texas in 2010. In the Death Row Records bankruptcy case, Snoop Dogg lost $2 million.", "Notes |- | 1993–1994 | The Word | Himself | 2 episodes |- | 1994 | Martin | Himself | Episode: \"No Love Lost\" |- | 1997 | The Steve Harvey Show | Himself | Episode: \"I Do, I Don't\" |- | 2001 | King of the Hill | Alabaster Jones | Episode: \"Ho Yeah!\" |- | 2001 | Just Shoot Me | Himself | Episode: \"Finch in the Dogg House\" |- | 2002–2003 | Doggy Fizzle Televizzle | Himself | 8 episodes |- | 2003 | Playmakers | Big E | Episode: \"Tenth of a Second\" |- | 2003 | Crank Yankers | Himself | Episode: \"Snoop Dogg & Kevin Nealon\" |- | 2004 | Chappelle's Show | Puppet Dangle/Himself | Episode 10 |- | 2004 | Las Vegas | Himself | Episode: \"Two of a Kind\" |- | 2004 | The Bernie Mac Show | Calvin | Episode: \"Big Brother\" |- | 2004 | The L Word | Slim Daddy | Episodes: \"Luck, Next Time\" & \"Liberally\" |- | 2004 | 2004 Spike Video Game Awards | Host/Himself | TV special |- | 2006 | Weeds | Himself | Episode: \"MILF Money\" |- | 2007–2009 | Snoop Dogg's Father Hood | Himself | 2 seasons, 18 episodes |- | 2007 | Monk | Russel “Murderuss“ Kray | Episode: \"Mr. Monk and the Rapper\" |- | 2008, 2010, 2013 | One Life to Live | Himself | 3 episodesWrote and produced theme song |- | 2009 | Dogg After Dark | Himself | 1 season, 7 episodes |- | 2009; 2015 | WWE Raw | Host/Himself | TV special |- | 2010 | The Boondocks | Macktastic | Episode: \"Bitches to Rags\" |- | 2010 | Big Time Rush | Himself | Episode: \"Big Time Christmas\" |- | 2011 | 90210| Himself | Episode: \"Blue Naomi\" |- | 2011 | The Cleveland Show| Himself | Episode: \"Back to Cool\" |- | 2014 | Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta| Himself | Guest appearance |- | 2014 | Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood| Himself | Guest appearance |- | 2015 | Snoop & Son, a Dad's Dream| Himself | 1 season, 5 episodes |- | 2015 | Sanjay and Craig| Street Dogg | Episode: \"Street Dogg\" |- | 2015 | Show Me the Money 4| Himself | Episode 4 |- | 2016–2017 | Trailer Park Boys| Himself | 5 episodes |- | 2016 | Lip Sync Battle| Himself | Episode: \"Snoop Dogg vs Chris Paul\" |- | 2016–present | Martha & Snoop's Potluck Dinner Party| Himself | Co-host |- | 2017 | The Simpsons| Himself | Episode: \"The Great Phatsby\" |- | 2017 | Growing Up Hip Hop: Atlanta| Himself | Guest appearances |- | 2017 | The Joker's Wild| Himself | Host |- | 2018 | Coach Snoop| Himself | All 8 Episodes of Netflix documentary |- | 2018 | Sugar| Himself | Episode: \"Snoop Dogg surprises a young father who is working to turn his life around\".", "Snoop Dogg was arrested again in October 2006 at Bob Hope Airport in Burbank after being stopped for a traffic infraction; he was arrested for possession of a firearm and for suspicion of transporting an unspecified amount of marijuana, according to a police statement. The following month, after taping an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, he was arrested again for possession of marijuana, cocaine and a firearm.", "Snoop Dogg, after performing for a concert in Uppsala, Sweden on July 25, 2015, was pulled over and detained by Swedish police for allegedly using illegal drugs, violating a Swedish law enacted in 1988, which criminalized the recreational use of such substances – therefore making even being under the influence of any illegal/controlled substance a crime itself without possession. During the detention, he was taken to the police station to perform a drug test and was released shortly afterwards.", "On August 14, 2015, UCLA announced that Cordell had left the UCLA football team \"to pursue other passions in his life\". Since 2005, Snoop Dogg has been operating a youth football league in the Los Angeles area. He is a coach in the league, and one of the seasons he coached was documented in the Netflix documentary Coach Snoop. Religion In 2009, it was reported that Snoop was a member of the Nation of Islam." ]

[ "DiscographyStudio albumsDoggystyle (1993) Tha Doggfather (1996) Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told (1998) No Limit Top Dogg (1999) Tha Last Meal (2000) Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss (2002) R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece (2004) Tha Blue Carpet Treatment (2006) Ego Trippin' (2008) Malice n Wonderland (2009) Doggumentary (2011) Reincarnated (2013) Bush (2015) Coolaid (2016) Neva Left (2017) Bible of Love (2018) I Wanna Thank Me (2019) From tha Streets 2 tha Suites (2021) BODR (2022)Collaboration albumsTha Eastsidaz with Tha Eastsidaz (2000) Duces 'n Trayz: The Old Fashioned Way with Tha Eastsidaz (2001) The Hard Way with 213 (2004) Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa (2011) 7 Days of Funk with 7 Days of Funk (2013) Royal Fam with Tha Broadus Boyz (2013) Cuzznz with Daz Dillinger (2016) Filmography {| class=\"wikitable\" |- style=\"background:#ccc; text-align:center;\" ! colspan=\"4\" style=\"background: LightSteelBlue;\" | Television |- style=\"background:#ccc; text-align:center;\" !", "He also appears on the latest Tech N9ne album All 6's and 7's (released June 7, 2011) on a track called \"Pornographic\" which also features E-40 and Krizz Kaliko. 2012–2013: Reincarnated and 7 Days of Funk On February 4, 2012, Snoop Dogg announced a documentary, Reincarnated, alongside his new upcoming studio album entitled Reincarnated. The film was released March 21, 2013, with the album slated for release April 23, 2013.", "Snoop was featured on Gorillaz' album Plastic Beach on a track called: \"Welcome to the World of the Plastic Beach\" with the Hypnotic Brass Ensemble, he also completed another track with them entitled \"Sumthing Like This Night\" which does not appear on Plastic Beach, yet does appear on Doggumentary. He also appears on the latest Tech N9ne album All 6's and 7's (released June 7, 2011) on a track called \"Pornographic\" which also features E-40 and Krizz Kaliko.", "The album and the second single \"That's That Shit\" featuring R. Kelly were well received by critics. In the album, he collaborated in a video with E-40 and other West Coast rappers on the single \"Candy (Drippin' Like Water)\". 2007–2012: Ego Trippin', Malice n Wonderland and Doggumentary In July 2007, Snoop Dogg made history by becoming the first artist to release a track as a ringtone before its release as a single, \"It's the D.O.G.\"", "That's why it's so tight.\" That's why it's so tight.\" [sic] His other albums on No Limit were No Limit Top Dogg in 1999 (selling over 1,510,000 copies) and Tha Last Meal in 2000 (selling over 2,100,000). In 1999, his autobiography, Tha Doggfather, was published. In 2002, he released the album Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo$$, on Priority/Capitol/EMI, selling over 1,310,000 copies.", "Broadus has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide. Broadus' debut solo album, Doggystyle, produced by Dr. Dre, was released by Death Row Records in November 1993, and debuted at number one on the popular albums chart, the Billboard 200, and on Billboards Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Selling 800,000 copies in its first week, Doggystyle was certified quadruple-platinum in 1994 and bore several hit singles, including \"What's My Name?\"", "2007–2012: Ego Trippin', Malice n Wonderland and Doggumentary In July 2007, Snoop Dogg made history by becoming the first artist to release a track as a ringtone before its release as a single, \"It's the D.O.G.\" On July 7, 2007, Snoop Dogg performed at the Live Earth concert, Hamburg. Snoop Dogg has ventured into singing for Bollywood with his first ever rap for an Indian movie, Singh Is Kinng; the song title is also \"Singh is Kinng\".", "In May 2020, Snoop released the song \"Que Maldicion\", a collaboration with Banda Sinaloense de Sergio Lizarraga, peaking at number one on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100. On April 20, 2021, Snoop Dogg released his eighteenth studio album From tha Streets 2 tha Suites. It was announced on April 7, 2021, via Instagram. The album received generally positive reviews from critics. During an interview on the September 27 airing of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, Snoop Dogg announced Algorithm.", "The album went through several tentative titles including Doggystyle 2: Tha Doggumentary and Doggumentary Music: 0020 before being released under the final title Doggumentary during March 2011. Snoop was featured on Gorillaz' album Plastic Beach on a track called: \"Welcome to the World of the Plastic Beach\" with the Hypnotic Brass Ensemble, he also completed another track with them entitled \"Sumthing Like This Night\" which does not appear on Plastic Beach, yet does appear on Doggumentary." ]

[ "From the late 18th century to the First World War, the Imperial Russian government confined Jews to living within the Pale of Settlement, which included modern Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia, almost exactly corresponding to the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth recently taken over by Imperial Russia. This caused the creation of Jewish market-villages (shtetls) throughout today's Eastern Europe, with their own markets, schools, hospitals, and other community institutions.", "They also made furniture and various agricultural tools. They also made furniture and various agricultural tools. From the late 18th century to the First World War, the Imperial Russian government confined Jews to living within the Pale of Settlement, which included modern Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia, almost exactly corresponding to the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth recently taken over by Imperial Russia.", "[revised version]\", Academia.edu. [revised version]\", Academia.edu. 1887 births 1985 deaths People from Liozna District People from Orshansky Uyezd Belarusian Jews Painters of the Russian Empire Russian male painters Artists of the Russian Empire Soviet painters Belarusian painters 20th-century French painters 20th-century male artists French male painters Jewish painters Modern painters Neo-primitivism Russian avant-garde Russian stained glass artists and manufacturers Yiddish-language poets Wolf Prize in Arts laureates Ballet designers Levites Soviet Jews Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France French people of Belarusian-Jewish descent School of Paris Russian Freemasons French Freemasons Members of the Grand Orient of Russia’s Peoples Jewish School of Paris Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium French tapestry artists Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Honorary Members of the Royal Academy Russian textile artists Naturalized citizens of France", "Vitebsk itself had been a centre of that culture dating from the 1730s with its teachings derived from the Kabbalah. Chagall scholar Susan Tumarkin Goodman describes the links and sources of his art to his early home: Chagall was friends with Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, and later with Menachem M. Schneerson. Art education In the Russian Empire at that time, Jewish children were not allowed to attend regular schools or universities. Their movement within the city was also restricted.", "Anti-Semitic laws were being introduced and the first concentration camp at Dachau had been established. Wullschlager describes the early effects on art: Beginning during 1937 about twenty thousand works from German museums were confiscated as \"degenerate\" by a committee directed by Joseph Goebbels.", "... ... I did not live with you, but I didn't have one single painting that didn't breathe with your spirit and reflection. Art career Russian Empire (1906–1910) In 1906, he moved to Saint Petersburg which was then the capital of the Russian Empire and the center of the country's artistic life with its famous art schools. Since Jews were not permitted into the city without an internal passport, he managed to get a temporary passport from a friend.", "Half of the population were Jewish. Half of the population were Jewish. A picturesque city of churches and synagogues, it was called \"Russian Toledo\", after the cosmopolitan city of the former Spanish Empire. As the city was built mostly of wood, little of it survived years of occupation and destruction during World War II. Chagall was the eldest of nine children. The family name, Shagal, is a variant of the name Segal, which in a Jewish community was usually borne by a Levitic family.", "This caused the creation of Jewish market-villages (shtetls) throughout today's Eastern Europe, with their own markets, schools, hospitals, and other community institutions. Chagall wrote as a boy; \"I felt at every step that I was a Jew—people made me feel it\". During a pogrom, Chagall wrote that: \"The street lamps are out. I feel panicky, especially in front of butchers' windows. There you can see calves that are still alive lying beside the butchers' hatchets and knives\".", "He also learned about the Nazi concentration camps. He also learned about the Nazi concentration camps. During a speech in February 1944, he described some of his feelings: In the same speech he credited Soviet Russia with doing the most to save the Jews: On 2 September 1944, Bella died suddenly due to a virus infection, which was not treated due to the wartime shortage of medicine.", "Yet the attachment of the Chagalls to France \"blinded them to the urgency of the situation.\" Many other well-known Russian and Jewish artists eventually sought to escape: these included Chaïm Soutine, Max Ernst, Max Beckmann, Ludwig Fulda, author Victor Serge and prize-winning author Vladimir Nabokov, who although not Jewish himself, was married to a Jewish woman." ]

[ "Due to Chagall's youth and lack of income, Pen offered to teach him free of charge. However, after a few months at the school, Chagall realized that academic portrait painting did not suit his desires. Artistic inspiration Goodman notes that during this period in Imperial Russia, Jews had two basic alternatives for joining the art world: One was to \"hide or deny one's Jewish roots\".", "They also made furniture and various agricultural tools. They also made furniture and various agricultural tools. From the late 18th century to the First World War, the Imperial Russian government confined Jews to living within the Pale of Settlement, which included modern Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia, almost exactly corresponding to the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth recently taken over by Imperial Russia.", "Their movement within the city was also restricted. Their movement within the city was also restricted. Chagall therefore received his primary education at the local Jewish religious school, where he studied Hebrew and the Bible. At the age of 13, his mother tried to enroll him in a regular high school, and he recalled, \"But in that school, they don't take Jews. Without a moment's hesitation, my courageous mother walks up to a professor.\"", "[revised version]\", Academia.edu. [revised version]\", Academia.edu. 1887 births 1985 deaths People from Liozna District People from Orshansky Uyezd Belarusian Jews Painters of the Russian Empire Russian male painters Artists of the Russian Empire Soviet painters Belarusian painters 20th-century French painters 20th-century male artists French male painters Jewish painters Modern painters Neo-primitivism Russian avant-garde Russian stained glass artists and manufacturers Yiddish-language poets Wolf Prize in Arts laureates Ballet designers Levites Soviet Jews Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France French people of Belarusian-Jewish descent School of Paris Russian Freemasons French Freemasons Members of the Grand Orient of Russia’s Peoples Jewish School of Paris Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium French tapestry artists Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Honorary Members of the Royal Academy Russian textile artists Naturalized citizens of France", "From the late 18th century to the First World War, the Imperial Russian government confined Jews to living within the Pale of Settlement, which included modern Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia, almost exactly corresponding to the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth recently taken over by Imperial Russia. This caused the creation of Jewish market-villages (shtetls) throughout today's Eastern Europe, with their own markets, schools, hospitals, and other community institutions.", "Since Jews were not permitted into the city without an internal passport, he managed to get a temporary passport from a friend. He enrolled in a prestigious art school and studied there for two years. By 1907, he had begun painting naturalistic self-portraits and landscapes. Chagall was an active member of the irregular freemasonic lodge, the Grand Orient of Russia's Peoples. He belonged to the \"Vitebsk\" lodge. Between 1908 and 1910, Chagall was a student of Léon Bakst at the Zvantseva School of Drawing and Painting.", "Vitebsk itself had been a centre of that culture dating from the 1730s with its teachings derived from the Kabbalah. Chagall scholar Susan Tumarkin Goodman describes the links and sources of his art to his early home: Chagall was friends with Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, and later with Menachem M. Schneerson. Art education In the Russian Empire at that time, Jewish children were not allowed to attend regular schools or universities. Their movement within the city was also restricted.", "Artistic inspiration Goodman notes that during this period in Imperial Russia, Jews had two basic alternatives for joining the art world: One was to \"hide or deny one's Jewish roots\". The other alternative—the one that Chagall chose—was \"to cherish and publicly express one's Jewish roots\" by integrating them into his art. For Chagall, this was also his means of \"self-assertion and an expression of principle.\"", "Yet the attachment of the Chagalls to France \"blinded them to the urgency of the situation.\" Many other well-known Russian and Jewish artists eventually sought to escape: these included Chaïm Soutine, Max Ernst, Max Beckmann, Ludwig Fulda, author Victor Serge and prize-winning author Vladimir Nabokov, who although not Jewish himself, was married to a Jewish woman.", "Anti-Semitic laws were being introduced and the first concentration camp at Dachau had been established. Wullschlager describes the early effects on art: Beginning during 1937 about twenty thousand works from German museums were confiscated as \"degenerate\" by a committee directed by Joseph Goebbels." ]

[ "He soon began copying images from books and found the experience so rewarding he then decided he wanted to become an artist. He eventually confided to his mother, \"I want to be a painter\", although she could not yet understand his sudden interest in art or why he would choose a vocation that \"seemed so impractical\", writes Goodman. The young Chagall explained, \"There's a place in town; if I'm admitted and if I complete the course, I'll come out a regular artist.", "His father worked hard, carrying heavy barrels but earning only 20 roubles each month (the average wages across the Russian Empire was 13 roubles a month). Chagall would later include fish motifs \"out of respect for his father\", writes Chagall biographer, Jacob Baal-Teshuva. Chagall wrote of these early years: One of the main sources of income of the Jewish population of the town was from the manufacture of clothing that was sold throughout the Russian Empire. They also made furniture and various agricultural tools.", "Their movement within the city was also restricted. Their movement within the city was also restricted. Chagall therefore received his primary education at the local Jewish religious school, where he studied Hebrew and the Bible. At the age of 13, his mother tried to enroll him in a regular high school, and he recalled, \"But in that school, they don't take Jews. Without a moment's hesitation, my courageous mother walks up to a professor.\"", "Lewis adds, \"As cosmopolitan an artist as he would later become, his storehouse of visual imagery would never expand beyond the landscape of his childhood, with its snowy streets, wooden houses, and ubiquitous fiddlers... [with] scenes of childhood so indelibly in one's mind and to invest them with an emotional charge so intense that it could only be discharged obliquely through an obsessive repetition of the same cryptic symbols and ideograms... \" Years later, at the age of 57 while living in the United States, Chagall confirmed this when he published an open letter entitled, \"To My City Vitebsk\": Why? Why did I leave you many years ago?", "Chagall was often hungry for days, later remembering watching \"a bride, the beggars and the poor wretches weighted down with bundles\", leading him to conclude that the new regime had turned the Russian Empire \"upside down the way I turn my pictures\". By then he was one of Imperial Russia's most distinguished artists and a member of the modernist avant-garde, which enjoyed special privileges and prestige as the \"aesthetic arm of the revolution\".", "Chagall would later say that there was no art of any kind in his family's home and the concept was totally alien to him. When Chagall asked the schoolmate how he learned to draw, his friend replied, \"Go and find a book in the library, idiot, choose any picture you like, and just copy it\". He soon began copying images from books and found the experience so rewarding he then decided he wanted to become an artist.", "Chagall biographer Franz Meyer explains that with the connections between his art and early life \"the hassidic spirit is still the basis and source of nourishment for his art.\" Lewis adds, \"As cosmopolitan an artist as he would later become, his storehouse of visual imagery would never expand beyond the landscape of his childhood, with its snowy streets, wooden houses, and ubiquitous fiddlers... [with] scenes of childhood so indelibly in one's mind and to invest them with an emotional charge so intense that it could only be discharged obliquely through an obsessive repetition of the same cryptic symbols and ideograms... \" Years later, at the age of 57 while living in the United States, Chagall confirmed this when he published an open letter entitled, \"To My City Vitebsk\": Why?", "In October 2010, his painting Bestiaire et Musique, depicting a bride and a fiddler floating in a night sky amid circus performers and animals, \"was the star lot\" at an auction in Hong Kong. When it sold for $4.1 million, it became the most expensive contemporary Western painting ever sold in Asia. In 2013, previously unknown works by Chagall were discovered in the stash of artworks hidden away by the son of one of Hitler's art dealers, Hildebrand Gurlitt.", "Instead, that culture became an emotional and intellectual source that existed solely in memory and the imagination... So rich had the experience been, it sustained him for the rest of his life.\" Sweeney adds that \"if you ask Chagall to explain his paintings, he would reply, 'I don't understand them at all. They are not literature." ]

[ "Without a moment's hesitation, my courageous mother walks up to a professor.\" She offered the headmaster 50 roubles to let him attend, which he accepted. A turning point of his artistic life came when he first noticed a fellow student drawing. Baal-Teshuva writes that for the young Chagall, watching someone draw \"was like a vision, a revelation in black and white\". Chagall would later say that there was no art of any kind in his family's home and the concept was totally alien to him.", "Due to Chagall's youth and lack of income, Pen offered to teach him free of charge. However, after a few months at the school, Chagall realized that academic portrait painting did not suit his desires. Artistic inspiration Goodman notes that during this period in Imperial Russia, Jews had two basic alternatives for joining the art world: One was to \"hide or deny one's Jewish roots\".", "Their movement within the city was also restricted. Their movement within the city was also restricted. Chagall therefore received his primary education at the local Jewish religious school, where he studied Hebrew and the Bible. At the age of 13, his mother tried to enroll him in a regular high school, and he recalled, \"But in that school, they don't take Jews. Without a moment's hesitation, my courageous mother walks up to a professor.\"", "Instead, that culture became an emotional and intellectual source that existed solely in memory and the imagination... So rich had the experience been, it sustained him for the rest of his life.\" Sweeney adds that \"if you ask Chagall to explain his paintings, he would reply, 'I don't understand them at all. They are not literature.", "The young Chagall explained, \"There's a place in town; if I'm admitted and if I complete the course, I'll come out a regular artist. I'd be so happy!\" It was 1906, and he had noticed the studio of Yehuda (Yuri) Pen, a realist artist who also operated a small drawing school in Vitebsk, which included the future artists El Lissitzky and Ossip Zadkine. Due to Chagall's youth and lack of income, Pen offered to teach him free of charge.", "Lewis adds, \"As cosmopolitan an artist as he would later become, his storehouse of visual imagery would never expand beyond the landscape of his childhood, with its snowy streets, wooden houses, and ubiquitous fiddlers... [with] scenes of childhood so indelibly in one's mind and to invest them with an emotional charge so intense that it could only be discharged obliquely through an obsessive repetition of the same cryptic symbols and ideograms... \" Years later, at the age of 57 while living in the United States, Chagall confirmed this when he published an open letter entitled, \"To My City Vitebsk\": Why? Why did I leave you many years ago?", "There he felt at home, enjoying the Jewish foods and being able to read the Yiddish press, which became his main source of information since he did not yet speak English. Contemporary artists did not yet understand or even like Chagall's art. According to Baal-Teshuva, \"they had little in common with a folkloristic storyteller of Russo-Jewish extraction with a propensity for mysticism.\" The Paris School, which was referred to as 'Parisian Surrealism,' meant little to them.", "He writes, \"For Chagall this is one of the deepest sources, not of inspiration, but of a certain spiritual attitude... the hassidic spirit is still the basis and source of nourishment of his art.\" In a talk that Chagall gave in 1963 while visiting America, he discussed some of those impressions. However, Chagall had a complex relationship with Judaism. On the one hand, he credited his Russian Jewish cultural background as being crucial to his artistic imagination." ]

[ "Instead, that culture became an emotional and intellectual source that existed solely in memory and the imagination... So rich had the experience been, it sustained him for the rest of his life.\" Sweeney adds that \"if you ask Chagall to explain his paintings, he would reply, 'I don't understand them at all. They are not literature.", "These changes appealed to Chagall who had been experimenting with Cubism and wanted a way to enliven his images. Designing murals and stage designs, Chagall's \"dreams sprang to life and became an actual movement.\" As a result, Chagall played an important role in Russian artistic life during that time and \"was one of the most important forces in the current urge towards anti-realism\" which helped the new Russia invent \"astonishing\" creations.", "He was able to convey striking images using only two or three colors. Cogniat writes, \"Chagall is unrivalled in this ability to give a vivid impression of explosive movement with the simplest use of colors...\" Throughout his life his colors created a \"vibrant atmosphere\" which was based on \"his own personal vision.\" Subject matter From life memories to fantasy Chagall's early life left him with a \"powerful visual memory and a pictorial intelligence\", writes Goodman.", "Bella later wrote, of meeting him, \"When you did catch a glimpse of his eyes, they were as blue as if they’d fallen straight out of the sky. They were strange eyes … long, almond-shaped … and each seemed to sail along by itself, like a little boat.\" France (1910–1914) In 1910, Chagall relocated to Paris to develop his artistic style.", "Wullschlager explains the sources for these images: Chagall described his love of circus people: His early pictures were often of the town where he was born and raised, Vitebsk. Cogniat notes that they are realistic and give the impression of firsthand experience by capturing a moment in time with action, often with a dramatic image. During his later years, as for instance in the \"Bible series\", subjects were more dramatic.", "Subject matter From life memories to fantasy Chagall's early life left him with a \"powerful visual memory and a pictorial intelligence\", writes Goodman. After living in France and experiencing the atmosphere of artistic freedom, his \"vision soared and he created a new reality, one that drew on both his inner and outer worlds.\" But it was the images and memories of his early years in Belarus that would sustain his art for more than 70 years.", "His tranquil figures and simple gestures helped produce a \"monumental sense of dignity\" by translating everyday Jewish rituals into a \"timeless realm of iconic peacefulness\". Leymarie writes that Chagall \"transcended the limits of his century. He has unveiled possibilities unsuspected by an art that had lost touch with the Bible, and in doing so he has achieved a wholly new synthesis of Jewish culture long ignored by painting.\"", "She adds that beginning the assignment was an \"extraordinary risk\" for Chagall, as he had finally become well known as a leading contemporary painter, but would now end his modernist themes and delve into \"an ancient past\". Between 1931 and 1934 he worked \"obsessively\" on \"The Bible\", even going to Amsterdam in order to carefully study the biblical paintings of Rembrandt and El Greco, to see the extremes of religious painting." ]

[ "Chagall would later say that there was no art of any kind in his family's home and the concept was totally alien to him. When Chagall asked the schoolmate how he learned to draw, his friend replied, \"Go and find a book in the library, idiot, choose any picture you like, and just copy it\". He soon began copying images from books and found the experience so rewarding he then decided he wanted to become an artist.", "She adds that beginning the assignment was an \"extraordinary risk\" for Chagall, as he had finally become well known as a leading contemporary painter, but would now end his modernist themes and delve into \"an ancient past\". Between 1931 and 1934 he worked \"obsessively\" on \"The Bible\", even going to Amsterdam in order to carefully study the biblical paintings of Rembrandt and El Greco, to see the extremes of religious painting.", "Instead, that culture became an emotional and intellectual source that existed solely in memory and the imagination... So rich had the experience been, it sustained him for the rest of his life.\" Sweeney adds that \"if you ask Chagall to explain his paintings, he would reply, 'I don't understand them at all. They are not literature.", "These changes appealed to Chagall who had been experimenting with Cubism and wanted a way to enliven his images. Designing murals and stage designs, Chagall's \"dreams sprang to life and became an actual movement.\" As a result, Chagall played an important role in Russian artistic life during that time and \"was one of the most important forces in the current urge towards anti-realism\" which helped the new Russia invent \"astonishing\" creations.", "Chagall stated that \"In the East I found the Bible and part of my own being.\" As a result, he immersed himself in \"the history of the Jews, their trials, prophecies, and disasters\", notes Wullschlager. She adds that beginning the assignment was an \"extraordinary risk\" for Chagall, as he had finally become well known as a leading contemporary painter, but would now end his modernist themes and delve into \"an ancient past\".", "It was not until 1927 that Chagall made his name in the French art world, when art critic and historian Maurice Raynal awarded him a place in his book Modern French Painters. However, Raynal was still at a loss to accurately describe Chagall to his readers: During this period he traveled throughout France and the Côte d'Azur, where he enjoyed the landscapes, colorful vegetation, the blue Mediterranean Sea, and the mild weather. He made repeated trips to the countryside, taking his sketchbook.", "For Chagall, this was also his means of \"self-assertion and an expression of principle.\" Chagall biographer Franz Meyer explains that with the connections between his art and early life \"the hassidic spirit is still the basis and source of nourishment for his art.\"", "He therefore developed friendships with Guillaume Apollinaire and other avant-garde artists including Robert Delaunay and Fernand Léger. Baal-Teshuva writes that \"Chagall's dream of Paris, the city of light and above all, of freedom, had come true.\" His first days were a hardship for the 23-year-old Chagall, who was lonely in the big city and unable to speak French.", "These notions were alien to Paris at that time, and as a result, his first recognition came not from other painters but from poets such as Blaise Cendrars and Guillaume Apollinaire. Art historian Jean Leymarie observes that Chagall began thinking of art as \"emerging from the internal being outward, from the seen object to the psychic outpouring\", which was the reverse of the Cubist way of creating. He therefore developed friendships with Guillaume Apollinaire and other avant-garde artists including Robert Delaunay and Fernand Léger." ]

[ "Mountain Jews are a part of the Mizrahi Jewish communities. History Early history The Mountain Jews, or Jews of the Caucasus, have inhabited the Caucasus since the fifth century CE. Being the descendants of the Persian Jews of Iran, their migration from Persia proper to the Caucasus took place in the Sasanian era (224-651).", "Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. They have continued to follow Jewish dietary laws and affirm their faith in family life. In 1902, The New York Times reported that clans of natives undoubtedly of Jewish origin, who maintain many of the customs and the principal forms of religious worship of their ancestors, were discovered in the remote regions of Eastern Caucasus.", "Mountain Jews or Caucasus Jews also known as Juhuro, Juvuro, Juhuri, Juwuri, Juhurim, Kavkazi Jews or Gorsky Jews ( Yehudey Kavkaz or Yehudey he-Harim; , ) are Jews of the eastern and northern Caucasus, mainly Azerbaijan, and various republics in the Russian Federation: Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, and Kabardino-Balkaria. Mountain Jews are the descendants of Persian Jews from Iran.", "Mountain Jews are the descendants of Persian Jews from Iran. The Mountain Jews took shape as a community after Qajar Iran ceded the areas in which they lived to the Russian Empire as part of the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813. The Mountain Jews community became established in Ancient Persia, from the 5th century BCE onwards; their language, called Judeo-Tat, is an ancient Southwest Iranian language which integrates many elements of Ancient Hebrew. It is believed that they had reached Persia from Ancient Israel as early as the 8th century BCE.", "Mountain Jews have an oral tradition, passed down generation after generation, that they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes which were exiled by the king of Assyria (Ashur), who ruled over northern Iraq from Mosul (across the Tigris River from the ancient city of Nineveh). The reference, most likely is to Shalmaneser, the King of Assyria who is mentioned in II Kings 18:9-12.", "While Mountain Jews observed the rituals of circumcision, marriage and burial, as well as Jewish holidays, other precepts of Jewish faith were observed less carefully. The community's ethnic identity remained unshaken despite the Soviet efforts. Cases of intermarriage with Muslims in Azerbaijan or Dagestan were rare as both groups practice endogamy. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Mountain Jews experienced a significant religious revival, with increasing religious observance by members of the younger generation.", "After the fall of the Soviet Union, Mountain Jews experienced a significant religious revival, with increasing religious observance by members of the younger generation. Educational institutions, language, literature Mountain Jews speak Judeo-Tat, also called Juhuri, a form of Persian; it belongs to the southwestern group of the Iranian division of the Indo-European languages. Judeo-Tat has Semitic (Hebrew/Aramaic/Arabic) elements on all linguistic levels. Among other Semitic elements, Judeo-Tat has the Hebrew sound \"ayin\" (ע), whereas no neighboring languages have it.", "Mountain Jews maintained a strong military tradition. Mountain Jews maintained a strong military tradition. For this reason, some historians believe they may be descended from Jewish military colonists, settled by Parthian and Sassanid rulers in the Caucasus as frontier guards against nomadic incursions from the Pontic steppe. A 2002 study by geneticist Dror Rosengarten found that the paternal haplotypes of Mountain Jews \"were shared with other Jewish communities and were consistent with a Mediterranean origin.\"" ]

[ "Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. They have continued to follow Jewish dietary laws and affirm their faith in family life. In 1902, The New York Times reported that clans of natives undoubtedly of Jewish origin, who maintain many of the customs and the principal forms of religious worship of their ancestors, were discovered in the remote regions of Eastern Caucasus.", "Mountain Jews are a part of the Mizrahi Jewish communities. History Early history The Mountain Jews, or Jews of the Caucasus, have inhabited the Caucasus since the fifth century CE. Being the descendants of the Persian Jews of Iran, their migration from Persia proper to the Caucasus took place in the Sasanian era (224-651).", "Mountain Jewish traditions are infused with teachings of Kabbalah and Jewish mysticism. Mountain Jews have traditionally maintained a two-tiered rabbinate, distinguishing between a rabbi and a \"dayan.\" A \"rabbi\" was a title given to religious leaders performing the functions of liturgical preachers (maggids) and cantors (hazzans) in synagogues (\"nimaz\"), teachers in Jewish schools (cheders), and shochets.", "Mountain Jews or Caucasus Jews also known as Juhuro, Juvuro, Juhuri, Juwuri, Juhurim, Kavkazi Jews or Gorsky Jews ( Yehudey Kavkaz or Yehudey he-Harim; , ) are Jews of the eastern and northern Caucasus, mainly Azerbaijan, and various republics in the Russian Federation: Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, and Kabardino-Balkaria. Mountain Jews are the descendants of Persian Jews from Iran.", "The republic's dancing ensemble \"Lezginka\" was led by Tankho Israilov, a Mountain Jew, for twenty one years (1958–79). Religion Mountain Jews are not Sephardim (from the Iberian Peninsula) nor Ashkenazim (from Central Europe) but rather of Persian Jewish origin, and they follow some Mizrachi customs. Mountain Jews tenaciously held to their religion throughout the centuries, developing their own unique traditions and religious practices. Mountain Jewish traditions are infused with teachings of Kabbalah and Jewish mysticism.", "Some historians suggest that the group traces its beginnings to Persian-Jewish soldiers who were stationed in the Caucasus by the Sasanian kings in the fifth or sixth century to protect the area from the onslaughts of the Huns and other nomadic invaders from the east. Men were typically heavily armed and some slept without removing their weapons. Dress Over time the Mountain Jews adopted the dress of their Muslim neighbors. Men typically wore chokhas and covered their head with papakhas, many variations of which could symbolize the men's social status.", "Mountain Jews have an oral tradition, passed down generation after generation, that they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes which were exiled by the king of Assyria (Ashur), who ruled over northern Iraq from Mosul (across the Tigris River from the ancient city of Nineveh). The reference, most likely is to Shalmaneser, the King of Assyria who is mentioned in II Kings 18:9-12.", "Jewish holidays-themed dishes include Eshkene, a Persian soup, prepared for Passover, and a variety of hoshalevo (honey-based treats made with sunflower seeds or walnuts) typically prepared for Purim. Music The music of Mountain Jews is mostly based in the standard liturgy, for prayer and the celebration of holidays. Celebratory music played during weddings and similar events is typically upbeat with various instruments to add layers to the sound." ]

[ "Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. They have continued to follow Jewish dietary laws and affirm their faith in family life. In 1902, The New York Times reported that clans of natives undoubtedly of Jewish origin, who maintain many of the customs and the principal forms of religious worship of their ancestors, were discovered in the remote regions of Eastern Caucasus.", "Mountain Jews are a part of the Mizrahi Jewish communities. History Early history The Mountain Jews, or Jews of the Caucasus, have inhabited the Caucasus since the fifth century CE. Being the descendants of the Persian Jews of Iran, their migration from Persia proper to the Caucasus took place in the Sasanian era (224-651).", "Mountain Jews have an oral tradition, passed down generation after generation, that they are descended from the Ten Lost Tribes which were exiled by the king of Assyria (Ashur), who ruled over northern Iraq from Mosul (across the Tigris River from the ancient city of Nineveh). The reference, most likely is to Shalmaneser, the King of Assyria who is mentioned in II Kings 18:9-12.", "Mountain Jews maintained a strong military tradition. Mountain Jews maintained a strong military tradition. For this reason, some historians believe they may be descended from Jewish military colonists, settled by Parthian and Sassanid rulers in the Caucasus as frontier guards against nomadic incursions from the Pontic steppe. A 2002 study by geneticist Dror Rosengarten found that the paternal haplotypes of Mountain Jews \"were shared with other Jewish communities and were consistent with a Mediterranean origin.\"", "A 2002 study by geneticist Dror Rosengarten found that the paternal haplotypes of Mountain Jews \"were shared with other Jewish communities and were consistent with a Mediterranean origin.\" In addition, Y-DNA testing of Mountain Jews has shown they have Y-DNA haplotypes related to those of other Jewish communities. The Semitic origin of Mountain Jews is also evident in their culture and language. \"The Jewish Valley\" By the early 17th century, Mountain Jews formed many small settlements throughout mountain valleys of Dagestan.", "Some of the synagogues were later reopened in the 1940s. The closing of the synagogues in the 1930s was part of communist ideology, which resisted religion of any kind. At the beginning of the 1950s, there were synagogues in all major Mountain Jewish communities. By 1966, reportedly six synagogues remained; some were confiscated by the Soviet authorities. While Mountain Jews observed the rituals of circumcision, marriage and burial, as well as Jewish holidays, other precepts of Jewish faith were observed less carefully.", "Mountain Jewish traditions are infused with teachings of Kabbalah and Jewish mysticism. Mountain Jews have traditionally maintained a two-tiered rabbinate, distinguishing between a rabbi and a \"dayan.\" A \"rabbi\" was a title given to religious leaders performing the functions of liturgical preachers (maggids) and cantors (hazzans) in synagogues (\"nimaz\"), teachers in Jewish schools (cheders), and shochets.", "Culture Military tradition And we, the Tats We, Samson warriors, Bar Kochba's heirs... we went into battles and bitterly, heroically struggled for our freedom \"The Song of the Mountain Jews\" Mountain Jews are known for their military tradition and have been historically viewed as fierce warriors. Some historians suggest that the group traces its beginnings to Persian-Jewish soldiers who were stationed in the Caucasus by the Sasanian kings in the fifth or sixth century to protect the area from the onslaughts of the Huns and other nomadic invaders from the east.", "Mountain Jews are the descendants of Persian Jews from Iran. The Mountain Jews took shape as a community after Qajar Iran ceded the areas in which they lived to the Russian Empire as part of the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813. The Mountain Jews community became established in Ancient Persia, from the 5th century BCE onwards; their language, called Judeo-Tat, is an ancient Southwest Iranian language which integrates many elements of Ancient Hebrew. It is believed that they had reached Persia from Ancient Israel as early as the 8th century BCE." ]

[ "In the early decades of the Soviet Union, the government took steps to suppress religion. Thus, In the 1930s, the Soviet Union closed synagogues belonging to mountain Jews. Same procedures were implemented on other ethnicities and religions. Soviet authorities propagated the myth that Mountain Jews were not part of the world Jewish people at all, but rather members of Tat community that settled in the region. Soviet anti-Zionism rhetoric was intensified during Khrushchev's rule. Some of the synagogues were later reopened in the 1940s.", "Prominent rabbis of Mountain Jews in the nineteenth century included: Rabbi Gershom son of rabbi Reuven of Qırmızı Qəsəbə Azerbaijan, Shalom ben Melek of Temir-Khan-Shura (modern Buynaksk), Chief Rabbi of Dagestan Jacob ben Isaac, and Rabbi Hizkiyahu ben Avraam of Nalchik, whose son Rabbi Nahamiil ben Hizkiyahu later played a crucial role in saving Nalchik's Jewish community from the Nazis. In the early decades of the Soviet Union, the government took steps to suppress religion.", "The Soviet Army's advances in the area brought the Nalchik community under its protection. The Mountain Jewish community of Nalchik was the largest Mountain Jewish community occupied by Nazis, and the vast majority of the population has survived. With the help of their Kabardian neighbors, Mountain Jews of Nalchik convinced the local German authorities that they were Tats, the native people similar to other Caucasus Mountain peoples, not related to the ethnic Jews, who merely adopted Judaism. The annihilation of the Mountain Jews was suspended, contingent on racial investigation.", "While Mountain Jews observed the rituals of circumcision, marriage and burial, as well as Jewish holidays, other precepts of Jewish faith were observed less carefully. The community's ethnic identity remained unshaken despite the Soviet efforts. Cases of intermarriage with Muslims in Azerbaijan or Dagestan were rare as both groups practice endogamy. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Mountain Jews experienced a significant religious revival, with increasing religious observance by members of the younger generation.", "Given the marked changes in the 1990s following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and rise of nationalism in the region, many Mountain Jews permanently left their hometowns in the Caucasus and relocated to Moscow or abroad. During the First Chechen War, many Jews left due to the Russian invasion and indiscriminate bombardment of civilian population by the Russian military.", "In 1944, the NKVD deported the entire Chechen populace that surrounded the Mountain Jews in Chechnya, and moved other ethnic groups into their homes; Mountain Jews mostly refused to take the homes of deported Chechens while there are some reports of deported Chechens entrusting their homes to Jews in order to keep them safe. Given the marked changes in the 1990s following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and rise of nationalism in the region, many Mountain Jews permanently left their hometowns in the Caucasus and relocated to Moscow or abroad.", "Mountain Jews are a part of the Mizrahi Jewish communities. History Early history The Mountain Jews, or Jews of the Caucasus, have inhabited the Caucasus since the fifth century CE. Being the descendants of the Persian Jews of Iran, their migration from Persia proper to the Caucasus took place in the Sasanian era (224-651).", "Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. Mountain Jews retained the dress of the highlanders. They have continued to follow Jewish dietary laws and affirm their faith in family life. In 1902, The New York Times reported that clans of natives undoubtedly of Jewish origin, who maintain many of the customs and the principal forms of religious worship of their ancestors, were discovered in the remote regions of Eastern Caucasus.", "Mountain Jews are the descendants of Persian Jews from Iran. The Mountain Jews took shape as a community after Qajar Iran ceded the areas in which they lived to the Russian Empire as part of the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813. The Mountain Jews community became established in Ancient Persia, from the 5th century BCE onwards; their language, called Judeo-Tat, is an ancient Southwest Iranian language which integrates many elements of Ancient Hebrew. It is believed that they had reached Persia from Ancient Israel as early as the 8th century BCE." ]

[ "When Adam was 13, his parents, Stan and June, moved the family to Lismore where he captained the Kadina High School cricket team. Gilchrist was selected for the state under-17 team, and in 1989 he was offered a scholarship by London-based Richmond Cricket Club, a scheme he now supports himself. During his year at Richmond, he also played junior cricket for Old Actonians Cricket Club's under-17 team, with whom he won the Middlesex League and Cup double.", "Charity, media, business career and political work Outside cricket, Gilchrist is an ambassador for the charity World Vision in India, a country in which he is popular due to his cricketing achievements, and sponsors a boy whose father has died. He was approached in early 2005 by the US baseball franchise, the Boston Red Sox, with a view to him playing for them when his cricket career ended.", "In response to these comments, former Sri Lankan captain Marvan Atapattu said that by questioning the credentials of players like Muralitharan and Tendulkar, Gilchrist had done no good to his own reputation. Charity, media, business career and political work Outside cricket, Gilchrist is an ambassador for the charity World Vision in India, a country in which he is popular due to his cricketing achievements, and sponsors a boy whose father has died.", "Early and personal life Adam Gilchrist was born in 1971 at Bellingen Hospital, in Bellingen, New South Wales, the youngest of four children. He and his family lived in Dorrigo, Junee and then Deniliquin where, playing for his school, Deniliquin South Public School, he won the Brian Taber Shield (named after New South Wales cricketer Brian Taber). When Adam was 13, his parents, Stan and June, moved the family to Lismore where he captained the Kadina High School cricket team.", "He was Australia's regular vice-captain in both forms of the game, captaining the team when regular captains Steve Waugh and Ricky Ponting were unavailable. He retired from international cricket in March 2008, though he continued to play domestic tournaments until 2013. Early and personal life Adam Gilchrist was born in 1971 at Bellingen Hospital, in Bellingen, New South Wales, the youngest of four children.", "Adam Craig Gilchrist (; born 14 November 1971) is an Australian cricket commentator and former international cricketer and captain of the Australia national cricket team. He was an attacking left-handed batsman and record-breaking wicket-keeper, who redefined the role for the Australia national team through his aggressive batting.", "He added that he \"felt isolated\" and \"silently accused of betraying the team. Implicitly I was made to feel selfish, as if I was walking for the sake of my own clean image, thereby making everyone else look dishonest.\" Gilchrist has been noted for his emotional outbursts on the cricket field, and has been fined multiple times for dissent against umpiring decisions. In January 2006, he was fined 40% of his match fee in an ODI against South Africa.", "Gilchrist has appeared as one of a panel of revolving co-hosts for the revived Wide World of Sports Weekend Edition. He made his debut on the program in March 2008, and commentates on Nine's cricket coverage during the Australian summer. In 2013 Gilchrist joined Ricky Ponting and various other names in cricket to commentate for Channel Ten in the third series of the Big Bash League. As Amway Australia Ambassador, Gilchrist has played a role in many of their charity events.", "Achievements Awards Gilchrist was one of five Wisden Cricketers of the Year for 2002, and Australia's One-day International Player of the Year in 2003 and 2004. He was awarded the Allan Border Medal in 2003, and was the only Australian cricketer who was a current player at the time to have been named in \"Richie Benaud's Greatest XI\" in 2004." ]

[ "Adam Craig Gilchrist (; born 14 November 1971) is an Australian cricket commentator and former international cricketer and captain of the Australia national cricket team. He was an attacking left-handed batsman and record-breaking wicket-keeper, who redefined the role for the Australia national team through his aggressive batting.", "Early and personal life Adam Gilchrist was born in 1971 at Bellingen Hospital, in Bellingen, New South Wales, the youngest of four children. He and his family lived in Dorrigo, Junee and then Deniliquin where, playing for his school, Deniliquin South Public School, he won the Brian Taber Shield (named after New South Wales cricketer Brian Taber). When Adam was 13, his parents, Stan and June, moved the family to Lismore where he captained the Kadina High School cricket team.", "He was Australia's regular vice-captain in both forms of the game, captaining the team when regular captains Steve Waugh and Ricky Ponting were unavailable. He retired from international cricket in March 2008, though he continued to play domestic tournaments until 2013. Early and personal life Adam Gilchrist was born in 1971 at Bellingen Hospital, in Bellingen, New South Wales, the youngest of four children.", "Charity, media, business career and political work Outside cricket, Gilchrist is an ambassador for the charity World Vision in India, a country in which he is popular due to his cricketing achievements, and sponsors a boy whose father has died. He was approached in early 2005 by the US baseball franchise, the Boston Red Sox, with a view to him playing for them when his cricket career ended.", "In response to these comments, former Sri Lankan captain Marvan Atapattu said that by questioning the credentials of players like Muralitharan and Tendulkar, Gilchrist had done no good to his own reputation. Charity, media, business career and political work Outside cricket, Gilchrist is an ambassador for the charity World Vision in India, a country in which he is popular due to his cricketing achievements, and sponsors a boy whose father has died.", "On 9-December-2013, ICC announced that they had inducted Gilchrist in the prestigious ICC Hall of Fame. He was named an Australia Post Legend of Cricket in 2021. Test match performance ODI highlights Career best performances Autobiography Gilchrist's autobiography True Colours, published in 2008, was the subject of much controversy. Gilchrist questioned the integrity of leading Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar in relation to the evidence he presented in the Monkeygate dispute, which was about allegations of racism against Harbhajan Singh.", "When Adam was 13, his parents, Stan and June, moved the family to Lismore where he captained the Kadina High School cricket team. Gilchrist was selected for the state under-17 team, and in 1989 he was offered a scholarship by London-based Richmond Cricket Club, a scheme he now supports himself. During his year at Richmond, he also played junior cricket for Old Actonians Cricket Club's under-17 team, with whom he won the Middlesex League and Cup double.", "He added that he \"felt isolated\" and \"silently accused of betraying the team. Implicitly I was made to feel selfish, as if I was walking for the sake of my own clean image, thereby making everyone else look dishonest.\" Gilchrist has been noted for his emotional outbursts on the cricket field, and has been fined multiple times for dissent against umpiring decisions. In January 2006, he was fined 40% of his match fee in an ODI against South Africa.", "The appointment to TFS Corporation was not without controversy when as a board member of TFS he was named as a plaintiff suing his own TFS shareholders for defamation Gilchrist also plays himself on the Australian comedy series, How to Stay Married. References Books External links 1971 births Living people Australia Test cricket captains Australia One Day International cricketers Australia Test cricketers Australia Twenty20 International cricketers Australian cricketers Australian Institute of Sport cricketers Deccan Chargers cricketers ICC World XI One Day International cricketers Punjab Kings cricketers Middlesex cricketers New South Wales cricketers Western Australia cricketers Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup Cricketers from New South Wales Allan Border Medal winners Articles containing video clips Australian cricket commentators Australian Cricket Hall of Fame inductees Commonwealth Games medallists in cricket Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia Indian Premier League coaches Members of the Order of Australia People from the Mid North Coast Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees Western Australian Sports Star of the Year winners Wisden Cricketers of the Year Wicket-keepers", "Gilchrist is married to his high school sweetheart Melinda (Mel) Gilchrist ( Sharpe), a dietitian, and they have three sons and a daughter. His family came under the spotlight in the months leading up to the 2007 Cricket World Cup as one impending birth threatened his presence in the squad; the child was born in February and Gilchrist was able to take part in the tournament." ]

[ "His appointment to the board of ASX listed sandalwood company TFS Corporation, committee member of Commonwealth Business Forum in Perth and director of Travelex. The appointment to TFS Corporation was not without controversy when as a board member of TFS he was named as a plaintiff suing his own TFS shareholders for defamation Gilchrist also plays himself on the Australian comedy series, How to Stay Married.", "Adam Craig Gilchrist (; born 14 November 1971) is an Australian cricket commentator and former international cricketer and captain of the Australia national cricket team. He was an attacking left-handed batsman and record-breaking wicket-keeper, who redefined the role for the Australia national team through his aggressive batting.", "Australia won all six of their matches in the Super8 stage with little difficulty—the margins of victory exceeded 80 runs or six wickets in every instance. They topped the table and thus qualifying for a semi-final rematch against fourth-placed South Africa. Gilchrist opened the Australian batting in each match, taking a pinch-hitting role in the opening powerplays.", "In 2008, Gilchrist supported debate on whether Australia Day should be moved to a new date because the current date marks British settlement of New South Wales and is offensive to many Aboriginal Australians. Gilchrist has had a number of company directorships outside of cricket. His appointment to the board of ASX listed sandalwood company TFS Corporation, committee member of Commonwealth Business Forum in Perth and director of Travelex.", "He was selected in the ICC World XI for the charity series against the ACC Asian XI, 2004–05, was voted as \"World's Scariest Batsman\" in a poll of international bowlers, and was named as wicket-keeper and opening batsman in Australia's \"greatest ever ODI team.\" In a poll of over ten thousand people hosted in 2007 by ESPNcricinfo, he was voted the ninth greatest all-rounder of the last one hundred years. A panel of prominent cricket writers selected him in Australia's all-time best XI for ESPNcricinfo.", "The appointment to TFS Corporation was not without controversy when as a board member of TFS he was named as a plaintiff suing his own TFS shareholders for defamation Gilchrist also plays himself on the Australian comedy series, How to Stay Married. References Books External links 1971 births Living people Australia Test cricket captains Australia One Day International cricketers Australia Test cricketers Australia Twenty20 International cricketers Australian cricketers Australian Institute of Sport cricketers Deccan Chargers cricketers ICC World XI One Day International cricketers Punjab Kings cricketers Middlesex cricketers New South Wales cricketers Western Australia cricketers Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup Cricketers from New South Wales Allan Border Medal winners Articles containing video clips Australian cricket commentators Australian Cricket Hall of Fame inductees Commonwealth Games medallists in cricket Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia Indian Premier League coaches Members of the Order of Australia People from the Mid North Coast Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees Western Australian Sports Star of the Year winners Wisden Cricketers of the Year Wicket-keepers", "As Amway Australia Ambassador, Gilchrist has played a role in many of their charity events. In August 2010, he presented the Freedom Wheels program, an initiative to provide modified bikes to kids with disabilities, a cheque for $20,000. Gilchrist was the chair of the National Australia Day Council from 2008 to 2014. In 2008, Gilchrist supported debate on whether Australia Day should be moved to a new date because the current date marks British settlement of New South Wales and is offensive to many Aboriginal Australians.", "The matches did not have ODI status, and after winning their first four fixtures, Australia lost the final to South Africa, Gilchrist making 15. He then scored 103 and ended with 190 runs at 63.33 as Australia took a rare 3–0 whitewash on Pakistani soil. Gilchrist was in fine form ahead of the 1999 Cricket World Cup with a productive individual performance in the Carlton & United Series in January and February 1999 against Sri Lanka and England." ]

[ "Adam Craig Gilchrist (; born 14 November 1971) is an Australian cricket commentator and former international cricketer and captain of the Australia national cricket team. He was an attacking left-handed batsman and record-breaking wicket-keeper, who redefined the role for the Australia national team through his aggressive batting.", "Charity, media, business career and political work Outside cricket, Gilchrist is an ambassador for the charity World Vision in India, a country in which he is popular due to his cricketing achievements, and sponsors a boy whose father has died. He was approached in early 2005 by the US baseball franchise, the Boston Red Sox, with a view to him playing for them when his cricket career ended.", "In response to these comments, former Sri Lankan captain Marvan Atapattu said that by questioning the credentials of players like Muralitharan and Tendulkar, Gilchrist had done no good to his own reputation. Charity, media, business career and political work Outside cricket, Gilchrist is an ambassador for the charity World Vision in India, a country in which he is popular due to his cricketing achievements, and sponsors a boy whose father has died.", "He was Australia's regular vice-captain in both forms of the game, captaining the team when regular captains Steve Waugh and Ricky Ponting were unavailable. He retired from international cricket in March 2008, though he continued to play domestic tournaments until 2013. Early and personal life Adam Gilchrist was born in 1971 at Bellingen Hospital, in Bellingen, New South Wales, the youngest of four children.", "Early and personal life Adam Gilchrist was born in 1971 at Bellingen Hospital, in Bellingen, New South Wales, the youngest of four children. He and his family lived in Dorrigo, Junee and then Deniliquin where, playing for his school, Deniliquin South Public School, he won the Brian Taber Shield (named after New South Wales cricketer Brian Taber). When Adam was 13, his parents, Stan and June, moved the family to Lismore where he captained the Kadina High School cricket team.", "His appointment to the board of ASX listed sandalwood company TFS Corporation, committee member of Commonwealth Business Forum in Perth and director of Travelex. The appointment to TFS Corporation was not without controversy when as a board member of TFS he was named as a plaintiff suing his own TFS shareholders for defamation Gilchrist also plays himself on the Australian comedy series, How to Stay Married.", "When Adam was 13, his parents, Stan and June, moved the family to Lismore where he captained the Kadina High School cricket team. Gilchrist was selected for the state under-17 team, and in 1989 he was offered a scholarship by London-based Richmond Cricket Club, a scheme he now supports himself. During his year at Richmond, he also played junior cricket for Old Actonians Cricket Club's under-17 team, with whom he won the Middlesex League and Cup double.", "The appointment to TFS Corporation was not without controversy when as a board member of TFS he was named as a plaintiff suing his own TFS shareholders for defamation Gilchrist also plays himself on the Australian comedy series, How to Stay Married. References Books External links 1971 births Living people Australia Test cricket captains Australia One Day International cricketers Australia Test cricketers Australia Twenty20 International cricketers Australian cricketers Australian Institute of Sport cricketers Deccan Chargers cricketers ICC World XI One Day International cricketers Punjab Kings cricketers Middlesex cricketers New South Wales cricketers Western Australia cricketers Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup Cricketers from New South Wales Allan Border Medal winners Articles containing video clips Australian cricket commentators Australian Cricket Hall of Fame inductees Commonwealth Games medallists in cricket Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia Indian Premier League coaches Members of the Order of Australia People from the Mid North Coast Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees Western Australian Sports Star of the Year winners Wisden Cricketers of the Year Wicket-keepers", "Gilchrist has appeared as one of a panel of revolving co-hosts for the revived Wide World of Sports Weekend Edition. He made his debut on the program in March 2008, and commentates on Nine's cricket coverage during the Australian summer. In 2013 Gilchrist joined Ricky Ponting and various other names in cricket to commentate for Channel Ten in the third series of the Big Bash League. As Amway Australia Ambassador, Gilchrist has played a role in many of their charity events." ]

[ "He travelled widely and wrote works inspired by diverse influences, including Japanese music, the landscape of Bryce Canyon in Utah, and the life of St. Francis of Assisi. For a short period Messiaen experimented with the parametrisation associated with \"total serialism\", in which field he is often cited as an innovator. His style absorbed many global musical influences such as Indonesian gamelan (tuned percussion often features prominently in his orchestral works). He found birdsong fascinating, notating bird songs worldwide and incorporating birdsong transcriptions into his music.", "His many distinguished pupils included Iannis Xenakis, George Benjamin, Alexander Goehr, Pierre Boulez, Tristan Murail, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Yvonne Loriod, who became his second wife. Messiaen perceived colours when he heard certain musical chords (a phenomenon known as synaesthesia); according to him, combinations of these colours were important in his compositional process. He travelled widely and wrote works inspired by diverse influences, including Japanese music, the landscape of Bryce Canyon in Utah, and the life of St. Francis of Assisi.", "Transfiguration, Canyons, St. Francis, and the Beyond Messiaen's next work was the large-scale La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ. The composition occupied him from 1965 to 1969 and the musicians employed include a 100-voice ten-part choir, seven solo instruments and large orchestra. Its fourteen movements are a meditation on the story of Christ's Transfiguration. Shortly after its completion, Messiaen received a commission from Alice Tully for a work to celebrate the U.S. bicentennial.", "An example of Messiaen's harmonic use of this phenomenon, which he called \"resonance\", is the last two bars of his first piano Prélude, La colombe (\"The dove\"): the chord is built from harmonics of the fundamental base note E. Related to this use of resonance, Messiaen also composed music in which the lowest, or fundamental, note is combined with higher notes or chords played much more quietly. These higher notes, far from being perceived as conventional harmony, function as harmonics that alter the timbre of the fundamental note like mixture stops on a pipe organ.", "Harmony In addition to making harmonic use of the modes of limited transposition, he cited the harmonic series as a physical phenomenon that provides chords with a context he felt was missing in purely serial music. An example of Messiaen's harmonic use of this phenomenon, which he called \"resonance\", is the last two bars of his first piano Prélude, La colombe (\"The dove\"): the chord is built from harmonics of the fundamental base note E. Related to this use of resonance, Messiaen also composed music in which the lowest, or fundamental, note is combined with higher notes or chords played much more quietly.", "These higher notes, far from being perceived as conventional harmony, function as harmonics that alter the timbre of the fundamental note like mixture stops on a pipe organ. An example is the song of the golden oriole in Le loriot of the Catalogue d'oiseaux for solo piano (Example 4). In his use of conventional diatonic chords, Messiaen often transcended their historically mundane connotations (for example, his frequent use of the added sixth chord as a resolution).", "For many commentators this continual development made every major work from the Quatuor onwards a conscious summation of all that Messiaen had composed up to that time. However, very few of these major works lack new technical ideas—simple examples being the introduction of communicable language in Meditations, the invention of a new percussion instrument (the geophone) for Des canyons aux etoiles..., and the freedom from any synchronisation with the main pulse of individual parts in certain birdsong episodes of St. François d'Assise.", "They are distinguished as groups of notes that can only be transposed by a semitone a limited number of times. For example, the whole-tone scale (Messiaen's Mode 1) only exists in two transpositions: namely C–D–E–F–G–A and D–E–F–G–A–B. Messiaen abstracted these modes from the harmony of his improvisations and early works.", "However, very few of these major works lack new technical ideas—simple examples being the introduction of communicable language in Meditations, the invention of a new percussion instrument (the geophone) for Des canyons aux etoiles..., and the freedom from any synchronisation with the main pulse of individual parts in certain birdsong episodes of St. François d'Assise. As well as discovering new techniques, Messiaen studied and absorbed foreign music, including Ancient Greek rhythms, Hindu rhythms (he encountered Śārṅgadeva's list of 120 rhythmic units, the deçî-tâlas), Balinese and Javanese Gamelan, birdsong, and Japanese music (see Example 1 for an instance of his use of ancient Greek and Hindu rhythms)." ]

[ "He travelled widely and wrote works inspired by diverse influences, including Japanese music, the landscape of Bryce Canyon in Utah, and the life of St. Francis of Assisi. For a short period Messiaen experimented with the parametrisation associated with \"total serialism\", in which field he is often cited as an innovator. His style absorbed many global musical influences such as Indonesian gamelan (tuned percussion often features prominently in his orchestral works). He found birdsong fascinating, notating bird songs worldwide and incorporating birdsong transcriptions into his music.", "Writings See also Olivier Messiaen Competition Notes References Further reading Baggech, Melody Ann (1998). An English Translation of Olivier Messiaen's \"Traite de Rythme, de Couleur, et d'Ornithologie\" Norman: The University of Oklahoma. Barker, Thomas (2012). \"The Social and Aesthetic Situation of Olivier Messiaen's Religious Music: Turangalîla Symphonie.\" International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music 43/1:53–70. Benitez, Vincent P. (2000). \"A Creative Legacy: Messiaen as Teacher of Analysis.\"", "His many distinguished pupils included Iannis Xenakis, George Benjamin, Alexander Goehr, Pierre Boulez, Tristan Murail, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Yvonne Loriod, who became his second wife. Messiaen perceived colours when he heard certain musical chords (a phenomenon known as synaesthesia); according to him, combinations of these colours were important in his compositional process. He travelled widely and wrote works inspired by diverse influences, including Japanese music, the landscape of Bryce Canyon in Utah, and the life of St. Francis of Assisi.", "\"A Creative Legacy: Messiaen as Teacher of Analysis.\" College Music Symposium 40: 117–39. Benitez, Vincent P. (2001). \"Pitch Organization and Dramatic Design in Saint François d'Assise of Olivier Messiaen.\" PhD diss., Bloomington: Indiana University. Benitez, Vincent P. (2002). \"Simultaneous Contrast and Additive Designs in Olivier Messiaen's Opera Saint François d'Assise.\" Music Theory Online 8.2 (August 2002). Music Theory Online Benitez, Vincent P. (2004).", "Evanston: Northwestern University Ngim, Alan Gerald (1997). \"Olivier Messiaen as a Pianist: A Study of Tempo and Rhythm Based on His Recordings of Visions de l'amen\". D.M.A. diss. Coral Gables: University of Miami. Peterson, Larry Wayne (1973). \"Messiaen and Rhythm: Theory and Practice\". Ph.D. diss. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Puspita, Amelia (2008). \"The Influence of Balinese Gamelan on the Music of Olivier Messiaen\".", "In Messiaen the Theologian, edited by Andrew Shenton, 101–26. Aldershot: Ashgate. Benítez, Vincent Pérez (2019). Olivier Messiaen's Opera, Saint François d'Assise. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. . Boivin, Jean (1993). \"La Classe de Messiaen: Historique, reconstitution, impact\". Ph.D. diss. Montreal: Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal. Boswell-Kurc, Lilise (2001). \"Olivier Messiaen's Religious War-Time Works and Their Controversial Reception in France (1941–1946) \". Ph.D. diss.", "Transfiguration, Canyons, St. Francis, and the Beyond Messiaen's next work was the large-scale La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ. The composition occupied him from 1965 to 1969 and the musicians employed include a 100-voice ten-part choir, seven solo instruments and large orchestra. Its fourteen movements are a meditation on the story of Christ's Transfiguration. Shortly after its completion, Messiaen received a commission from Alice Tully for a work to celebrate the U.S. bicentennial.", "Later, Messiaen felt most at home in the Alps of the Dauphiné, where he had a house built south of Grenoble where he composed most of his music. He took piano lessons, having already taught himself to play. His interests included the recent music of French composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, and he asked for opera vocal scores for Christmas presents.", "Music and the Holocaust – Olivier Messiaen My Messiaen Modes A visual representation of Messiaen's modes of limited transposition. Listening played by Martina Trumpp, violin and Bohumir Stehlik, piano Thème et variations – Helen Kim, violin; Adam Bowles, piano Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Le merle noir – John McMurtery, flute; Adam Bowles, piano Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Quatuor pour la fin du temps – Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Regard de l'esprit de joie from Vingt regards..., Tom Poster, pianist played on a Mühleisen pipe organ In-depth feature on Olivier Messiaen by Radio France International's English service by Ukho Ensemble Kyiv 1908 births 1992 deaths 20th-century classical composers Conservatoire de Paris alumni Conservatoire de Paris faculty Academics of the École Normale de Musique de Paris Composers for piano Composers for pipe organ EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists Ernst von Siemens Music Prize winners French classical composers French male classical composers French classical organists French male organists French composers of sacred music French military personnel of World War II French ornithologists Deutsche Grammophon artists French Roman Catholics Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy Members of the Académie des beaux-arts Modernist composers Organ improvisers Musicians from Avignon Pupils of Maurice Emmanuel Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists Schola Cantorum de Paris faculty Wolf Prize in Arts laureates World War II prisoners of war held by Germany Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) Recipients of the Léonie Sonning Music Prize 20th-century French composers 20th-century French male musicians" ]

[ "Further honours included election to the Institut de France in 1967 and the Académie des beaux-arts in 1968, the Erasmus Prize in 1971, the award of the Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medal and the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 1975, the Sonning Award (Denmark's highest musical honour) in 1977, the Wolf Prize in Arts in 1982, and the presentation of the Croix de Commander of the Belgian Order of the Crown in 1980. Transfiguration, Canyons, St. Francis, and the Beyond Messiaen's next work was the large-scale La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ.", "Music Theory Online Benitez, Vincent P. (2004). \"Aspects of Harmony in Messiaen's Later Music: An Examination of the Chords of Transposed Inversions on the Same Bass Note.\" Journal of Musicological Research 23, no. 2: 187–226. Benitez, Vincent P. (2004). \"Narrating Saint Francis's Spiritual Journey: Referential Pitch Structures and Symbolic Images in Olivier Messiaen's Saint François d'Assise.\" In Poznan Studies on Opera, edited by Maciej Jablonski, 363–411. Benitez, Vincent P. (2008).", "During this period he composed several multi-movement organ works. During this period he composed several multi-movement organ works. He arranged his orchestral suite L'ascension (\"The Ascension\") for organ, replacing the orchestral version's third movement with an entirely new movement, Transports de joie d'une âme devant la gloire du Christ qui est la sienne (\"Ecstasies of a soul before the glory of Christ which is the soul's own\") ().", "He arranged his orchestral suite L'ascension (\"The Ascension\") for organ, replacing the orchestral version's third movement with an entirely new movement, Transports de joie d'une âme devant la gloire du Christ qui est la sienne (\"Ecstasies of a soul before the glory of Christ which is the soul's own\") (). He also wrote the extensive cycles La Nativité du Seigneur (\"The Nativity of the Lord\") and Les corps glorieux (\"The glorious bodies\").", "Messiaen was not interested in depicting aspects of theology such as sin; rather he concentrated on the theology of joy, divine love and redemption. Messiaen continually evolved new composition techniques, always integrating them into his existing musical style; his final works still retain the use of modes of limited transposition. For many commentators this continual development made every major work from the Quatuor onwards a conscious summation of all that Messiaen had composed up to that time.", "Music and the Holocaust – Olivier Messiaen My Messiaen Modes A visual representation of Messiaen's modes of limited transposition. Listening played by Martina Trumpp, violin and Bohumir Stehlik, piano Thème et variations – Helen Kim, violin; Adam Bowles, piano Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Le merle noir – John McMurtery, flute; Adam Bowles, piano Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Quatuor pour la fin du temps – Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Regard de l'esprit de joie from Vingt regards..., Tom Poster, pianist played on a Mühleisen pipe organ In-depth feature on Olivier Messiaen by Radio France International's English service by Ukho Ensemble Kyiv 1908 births 1992 deaths 20th-century classical composers Conservatoire de Paris alumni Conservatoire de Paris faculty Academics of the École Normale de Musique de Paris Composers for piano Composers for pipe organ EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists Ernst von Siemens Music Prize winners French classical composers French male classical composers French classical organists French male organists French composers of sacred music French military personnel of World War II French ornithologists Deutsche Grammophon artists French Roman Catholics Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy Members of the Académie des beaux-arts Modernist composers Organ improvisers Musicians from Avignon Pupils of Maurice Emmanuel Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists Schola Cantorum de Paris faculty Wolf Prize in Arts laureates World War II prisoners of war held by Germany Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) Recipients of the Léonie Sonning Music Prize 20th-century French composers 20th-century French male musicians", "The latter piece was the result of a commission for a composition for three trombones and three xylophones; Messiaen added to this more brass, wind, percussion and piano, and specified a xylophone, xylorimba and marimba rather than three xylophones. Another work of this period, Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum, was commissioned as a commemoration of the dead of the two World Wars and was performed first semi-privately in the Sainte-Chapelle, then publicly in Chartres Cathedral with Charles de Gaulle in the audience.", "Much of his output denies the western conventions of forward motion, development and diatonic harmonic resolution. This is partly due to the symmetries of his technique—for instance the modes of limited transposition do not admit the conventional cadences found in western classical music. His youthful love for the fairy-tale element in Shakespeare prefigured his later expressions of Catholic liturgy. Messiaen was not interested in depicting aspects of theology such as sin; rather he concentrated on the theology of joy, divine love and redemption.", "In Messiaen the Theologian, edited by Andrew Shenton, 101–26. Aldershot: Ashgate. Benítez, Vincent Pérez (2019). Olivier Messiaen's Opera, Saint François d'Assise. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. . Boivin, Jean (1993). \"La Classe de Messiaen: Historique, reconstitution, impact\". Ph.D. diss. Montreal: Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal. Boswell-Kurc, Lilise (2001). \"Olivier Messiaen's Religious War-Time Works and Their Controversial Reception in France (1941–1946) \". Ph.D. diss." ]

[ "Transfiguration, Canyons, St. Francis, and the Beyond Messiaen's next work was the large-scale La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ. The composition occupied him from 1965 to 1969 and the musicians employed include a 100-voice ten-part choir, seven solo instruments and large orchestra. Its fourteen movements are a meditation on the story of Christ's Transfiguration. Shortly after its completion, Messiaen received a commission from Alice Tully for a work to celebrate the U.S. bicentennial.", "The enforced introspection and reflection of camp life bore fruit in one of 20th-century classical music's acknowledged masterpieces. The title's \"end of time\" alludes to the Apocalypse, and also to the way that Messiaen, through rhythm and harmony, used time in a manner completely different from his predecessors and contemporaries.", "These higher notes, far from being perceived as conventional harmony, function as harmonics that alter the timbre of the fundamental note like mixture stops on a pipe organ. An example is the song of the golden oriole in Le loriot of the Catalogue d'oiseaux for solo piano (Example 4). In his use of conventional diatonic chords, Messiaen often transcended their historically mundane connotations (for example, his frequent use of the added sixth chord as a resolution).", "He travelled widely and wrote works inspired by diverse influences, including Japanese music, the landscape of Bryce Canyon in Utah, and the life of St. Francis of Assisi. For a short period Messiaen experimented with the parametrisation associated with \"total serialism\", in which field he is often cited as an innovator. His style absorbed many global musical influences such as Indonesian gamelan (tuned percussion often features prominently in his orchestral works). He found birdsong fascinating, notating bird songs worldwide and incorporating birdsong transcriptions into his music.", "The whole peopled with birdsong.\" The whole peopled with birdsong.\" Harmony In addition to making harmonic use of the modes of limited transposition, he cited the harmonic series as a physical phenomenon that provides chords with a context he felt was missing in purely serial music.", "Messiaen said, \"I am able to allow myself the greatest eccentricities because to her anything is possible.\" Western artistic influences Developments in modern French music were a major influence on Messiaen, particularly the music of Claude Debussy and his use of the whole-tone scale (which Messiaen called Mode 1 in his modes of limited transposition). Messiaen rarely used the whole-tone scale in his compositions because, he said, after Debussy and Dukas there was \"nothing to add\", but the modes he did use are similarly symmetrical.", "Messiaen was not interested in depicting aspects of theology such as sin; rather he concentrated on the theology of joy, divine love and redemption. Messiaen continually evolved new composition techniques, always integrating them into his existing musical style; his final works still retain the use of modes of limited transposition. For many commentators this continual development made every major work from the Quatuor onwards a conscious summation of all that Messiaen had composed up to that time.", "The title's \"end of time\" alludes to the Apocalypse, and also to the way that Messiaen, through rhythm and harmony, used time in a manner completely different from his predecessors and contemporaries. The idea of a European Centre of Education and Culture \"Meeting Point Music Messiaen\" on the site of Stalag VIII-A, for children and youth, artists, musicians and everyone in the region emerged in December 2004, was developed with the involvement of Messiaen's widow as a joint project between the council districts in Germany and Poland, and was finally completed in 2014.", "While he did not employ the twelve-tone technique, after three years teaching analysis of twelve-tone scores, including works by Arnold Schoenberg, he experimented with ways of making scales of other elements (including duration, articulation and dynamics) analogous to the chromatic pitch scale. The results of these innovations was the \"Mode de valeurs et d'intensités\" for piano (from the Quatre études de rythme) which has been misleadingly described as the first work of \"total serialism\".", "He loved the music of Modest Mussorgsky and incorporated varied modifications of what he called the \"M-shaped\" melodic motif from Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, although he modified the final interval in this motif from a perfect fourth to a tritone (Example 3). Messiaen was further influenced by Surrealism, as may be seen from the titles of some of the piano Préludes (Un reflet dans le vent..., \"A reflection in the wind\") and in some of the imagery of his poetry (he published poems as prefaces to certain works, for example Les offrandes oubliées)." ]

[ "In Messiaen the Theologian, edited by Andrew Shenton, 101–26. Aldershot: Ashgate. Benítez, Vincent Pérez (2019). Olivier Messiaen's Opera, Saint François d'Assise. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. . Boivin, Jean (1993). \"La Classe de Messiaen: Historique, reconstitution, impact\". Ph.D. diss. Montreal: Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal. Boswell-Kurc, Lilise (2001). \"Olivier Messiaen's Religious War-Time Works and Their Controversial Reception in France (1941–1946) \". Ph.D. diss.", "Writings See also Olivier Messiaen Competition Notes References Further reading Baggech, Melody Ann (1998). An English Translation of Olivier Messiaen's \"Traite de Rythme, de Couleur, et d'Ornithologie\" Norman: The University of Oklahoma. Barker, Thomas (2012). \"The Social and Aesthetic Situation of Olivier Messiaen's Religious Music: Turangalîla Symphonie.\" International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music 43/1:53–70. Benitez, Vincent P. (2000). \"A Creative Legacy: Messiaen as Teacher of Analysis.\"", "Music and the Holocaust – Olivier Messiaen My Messiaen Modes A visual representation of Messiaen's modes of limited transposition. Listening played by Martina Trumpp, violin and Bohumir Stehlik, piano Thème et variations – Helen Kim, violin; Adam Bowles, piano Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Le merle noir – John McMurtery, flute; Adam Bowles, piano Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Quatuor pour la fin du temps – Luna Nova New Music Ensemble Regard de l'esprit de joie from Vingt regards..., Tom Poster, pianist played on a Mühleisen pipe organ In-depth feature on Olivier Messiaen by Radio France International's English service by Ukho Ensemble Kyiv 1908 births 1992 deaths 20th-century classical composers Conservatoire de Paris alumni Conservatoire de Paris faculty Academics of the École Normale de Musique de Paris Composers for piano Composers for pipe organ EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists Ernst von Siemens Music Prize winners French classical composers French male classical composers French classical organists French male organists French composers of sacred music French military personnel of World War II French ornithologists Deutsche Grammophon artists French Roman Catholics Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy Members of the Académie des beaux-arts Modernist composers Organ improvisers Musicians from Avignon Pupils of Maurice Emmanuel Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists Schola Cantorum de Paris faculty Wolf Prize in Arts laureates World War II prisoners of war held by Germany Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) Recipients of the Léonie Sonning Music Prize 20th-century French composers 20th-century French male musicians", "Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Messiaen (, ; ; 10 December 1908 – 27 April 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist who was one of the major composers of the 20th century. His music is rhythmically complex; harmonically and melodically he employs a system he called modes of limited transposition, which he abstracted from the systems of material generated by his early compositions and improvisations.", "Evanston: Northwestern University Ngim, Alan Gerald (1997). \"Olivier Messiaen as a Pianist: A Study of Tempo and Rhythm Based on His Recordings of Visions de l'amen\". D.M.A. diss. Coral Gables: University of Miami. Peterson, Larry Wayne (1973). \"Messiaen and Rhythm: Theory and Practice\". Ph.D. diss. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Puspita, Amelia (2008). \"The Influence of Balinese Gamelan on the Music of Olivier Messiaen\".", "2 (Spring): 175–204. 2 (Spring): 175–204. Hardink, Jason M. (2007). \"Messiaen and Plainchant\". D.M.A. diss. Houston: Rice University. Harris, Joseph Edward (2004). \"Musique coloree: Synesthetic Correspondence in the Works of Olivier Messiaen\". Ph.D. diss. Ames: The University of Iowa. Hill, Matthew Richard (1995). \"Messiaen's Regard du silence as an Expression of Catholic Faith\". D.M.A. diss.", "At the Paris Conservatoire, Messiaen made excellent academic progress. In 1924, aged 15, he was awarded second prize in harmony, having been taught in that subject by professor Jean Gallon. In 1925 he won first prize in piano accompaniment, and in 1926 he gained first prize in fugue. After studying with Maurice Emmanuel, he was awarded second prize for the history of music in 1928. Emmanuel's example engendered an interest in ancient Greek rhythms and exotic modes.", "Benitez, Vincent P. (2008). Benitez, Vincent P. (2008). \"Messiaen as Improviser.\" Dutch Journal of Music Theory 13, no. 2 (May 2008): 129–44. Benitez, Vincent P. (2009). \"Reconsidering Messiaen as Serialist.\" Music Analysis 28, nos. 2–3 (2009): 267–99 (published April 21, 2011). Benitez, Vincent P. (2010). \"Messiaen and Aquinas.\" In Messiaen the Theologian, edited by Andrew Shenton, 101–26.", "As well as discovering new techniques, Messiaen studied and absorbed foreign music, including Ancient Greek rhythms, Hindu rhythms (he encountered Śārṅgadeva's list of 120 rhythmic units, the deçî-tâlas), Balinese and Javanese Gamelan, birdsong, and Japanese music (see Example 1 for an instance of his use of ancient Greek and Hindu rhythms). While he was instrumental in the academic exploration of his techniques (he compiled two treatises: the later one in five volumes was substantially complete when he died and was published posthumously), and was himself a master of music analysis, he considered the development and study of techniques a means to intellectual, aesthetic, and emotional ends.", "\"Messiaen's Regard du silence as an Expression of Catholic Faith\". D.M.A. diss. diss. Madison: The University of Wisconsin, Madison. Laycock, Gary Eng Yeow (2010). \"Re-evaluating Olivier Messiaen's Musical Language from 1917 to 1935\". Ph.D. diss. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2010. Luchese, Diane (1998). \"Olivier Messiaen's Slow Music: Glimpses of Eternity in Time\". Ph.D. diss. Evanston: Northwestern University McGinnis, Margaret Elizabeth (2003)." ]

[ "When pressed on this issue in January 2015, Erdoğan denied these claims and said that he would aim to be more like Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom rather than like an Ottoman sultan. In July 2020, after the Council of State annulled the Cabinet's 1934 decision to establish the Hagia Sophia as museum and revoking the monument's status, Erdoğan ordered its reclassification as a mosque.", "See also List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Leadership approval polling for the 2023 Turkish general election The 500 Most Influential Muslims Notes References Further reading Cagaptay, Soner. The new sultan: Erdogan and the crisis of modern Turkey (2nd ed. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020). online review Cagaptay, Soner. \"Making Turkey Great Again.\" Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 43 (2019): 169–78. online Kirişci, Kemal, and Amanda Sloat.", "This redesignation is controversial, invoking condemnation from the Turkish opposition, UNESCO, the World Council of Churches, the Holy See, and many other international leaders. In August 2020, he also signed the order that transferred the administration of the Chora Church to the Directorate of Religious Affairs to open it for worship as a mosque. Initially converted to a mosque by the Ottomans, the building had then been designated as a museum by the government since 1934. Authoritarianism Erdoğan has served as the de facto leader of Turkey since 2002.", "In 2015, Erdoğan made a statement in which he endorsed the old Ottoman term külliye to refer to university campuses rather than the standard Turkish word kampüs. Many critics have thus accused Erdoğan of wanting to become an Ottoman sultan and abandon the secular and democratic credentials of the Republic.", "After weeks of clashes in the streets of Istanbul, his government at first apologized to the protestors and called for a plebiscite, but then ordered a crackdown on the protesters. Presidency (2014–present) Erdoğan took the oath of office on 28 August 2014 and became the 12th president of Turkey. He administered the new Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu's oath on 29 August. When asked about his lower-than-expected 51.79% share of the vote, he allegedly responded, \"there were even those who did not like the Prophet.", "Archived from the original. Archived from the original. Welcome to demokrasi: how Erdoğan got more popular than ever by The Guardian 1954 births Living people 21st-century presidents of Turkey 21st-century prime ministers of Turkey Deniers of the Armenian genocide Deputies of Istanbul Deputies of Siirt Recep Tayyip Imam Hatip school alumni Justice and Development Party (Turkey) politicians Leaders of political parties in Turkey Marmara University alumni Mayors of Istanbul Members of the 22nd Parliament of Turkey Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey Members of the 24th Parliament of Turkey Naqshbandi order People from Istanbul Politicians arrested in Turkey Presidents of Turkey Prime Ministers of Turkey Recipients of the Heydar Aliyev Order Recipients of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgia) Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class Turkish Islamists Turkish Sunni Muslims Chairmen of the Organization of Turkic States Recipients of the Gagauz-Yeri Order Foreign recipients of the Nishan-e-Pakistan", "From time to time, we do not find the treatment they get on some television screens humane\", he said. However, in 2017 Erdoğan has said that empowering LGBT people in Turkey was \"against the values of our nation\". In 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Turkey's top Muslim scholar and President of Religious Affairs, Ali Erbaş, said in a Friday Ramadan announcement that country condemns homosexuality because it \"brings illness,\" insinuating that same sex relations are responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "Coming from an Islamist political background and self-describing as a conservative democrat, he has promoted socially conservative and populist policies during his administration. Following the 1994 local elections, Erdoğan was elected mayor of Istanbul as the candidate of the Islamist Welfare Party. He was later stripped of his position, banned from political office, and imprisoned for four months for inciting religious hatred, due to his recitation of a poem by Ziya Gökalp.", "In 2015 he decided that the peace process was over and supported the lift of the parliamentary immunity of the HDP parliamentarians. During his presidency a law was introduced which banned the use of the word Kurdistan in parliament and in a speech he held for the local election of 2019 he told the HDP politicians that if there is no Kurdistan in Turkey and if they looked for one they should go to Northern Iraq." ]

[ "All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD. Recording career Since the early 1990s, Albini has been best known as a record producer; however, he dislikes the term and prefers to receive no credit on album sleeves or notes. When credited, he prefers the term \"recording engineer\". In 2004, Albini estimated that he has engineered the recording of 1,500 albums, mostly by obscure musicians. By 2018, his estimate had increased to several thousand.", "The first two EP releases were on Touch and Go, while the third EP was a Drag City label release. Two years after formation, the Japanese label NUX Organization released a Japan-exclusive live album, Live in Tokyo. The live album was followed by five studio albums: At Action Park (1994), Terraform (1998), 1000 Hurts (2000), Excellent Italian Greyhound (2007) and Dude Incredible (2014). All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD.", "Production influences A key influence on Albini was English producer John Loder, who came to prominence in the late 1970s with a reputation for recording albums quickly and inexpensively, but nonetheless with distinctive qualities and a sensitivity towards a band's sound and aesthetic. Albini has mentioned an admiration for ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax. Among his peers, Albini has praised his frequent collaborator (and Shellac bandmate) Bob Weston, as well as Brian Paulson and Matt Barnhart, among others.", "Steve Albini (pronounced ; born July 22, 1961) is an American musician, record producer, audio engineer and music journalist. He was a member of Big Black, Rapeman and Flour, and is a member of Shellac. He is the founder, owner and principal engineer of Electrical Audio, a recording studio complex in Chicago. In 2018, Albini estimated that he had worked on several thousand albums over his career.", "\"I'll Rap Your head With A Rachet\" Letter written by Steve Albini to Nirvana in 1992, outlining his working philosophy \"Ask a music scene micro celebrity\" Steve Albini answers questions about bands and music on a poker forum, The 2+2 Forums, July 7, 2007. \"I am Steve Albini, ask me anything\" reddit IAmA, May 8, 2012; accessed June 21, 2015.", "He has maintained his support for analog recording, stating in a 2013 interview that using digital files as audio masters is \"irresponsible\", because such files will \"eventually disappear or become unusable\". In the essay \"The Problem with Music\", Albini also criticized music producers who lack a solid understanding of music engineering, and thus latch on to whatever is trendy at the moment, such as Pultec equalizers or compression (which he wrote \"makes everything sound like a beer commercial\").", "Following the release of Schneider's album Just Fred, the Vinyl District's Joseph Neff wrote: \"The reality is that when enlisted by the big leagues, Albini took his job just as seriously as when he was assisting on the debut recording from a bunch of aspiring unknowns.\" Stereogum's Tom Breihan wrote in 2012: \"Even though he's [Albini] been an outspoken opponent of the major-label system (and of other underground-rock heroes), he's known to work with just about anyone who requests his service.\"", "In the essay \"The Problem with Music\", Albini also criticized music producers who lack a solid understanding of music engineering, and thus latch on to whatever is trendy at the moment, such as Pultec equalizers or compression (which he wrote \"makes everything sound like a beer commercial\"). He criticized producers who put vocals in the mix much higher than everything else in order to \"sound more like the Beatles\"." ]

[ "Steve Albini (pronounced ; born July 22, 1961) is an American musician, record producer, audio engineer and music journalist. He was a member of Big Black, Rapeman and Flour, and is a member of Shellac. He is the founder, owner and principal engineer of Electrical Audio, a recording studio complex in Chicago. In 2018, Albini estimated that he had worked on several thousand albums over his career.", "In a 2020 interview, Albini expressed regret for the name of the band, saying that he didn't feel he had been \"held to account for being in a band called Rapeman\". He added that \"it was a flippant choice\", calling it unconscionable and indefensible. He likened it to getting a bad tattoo. 1992–present: Shellac Albini formed Shellac in 1992, with bandmates Bob Weston (formerly of Volcano Suns) and Todd Trainer (of Rifle Sport, Breaking Circus and Brick Layer Cake).", "Production influences A key influence on Albini was English producer John Loder, who came to prominence in the late 1970s with a reputation for recording albums quickly and inexpensively, but nonetheless with distinctive qualities and a sensitivity towards a band's sound and aesthetic. Albini has mentioned an admiration for ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax. Among his peers, Albini has praised his frequent collaborator (and Shellac bandmate) Bob Weston, as well as Brian Paulson and Matt Barnhart, among others.", "1992–present: Shellac Albini formed Shellac in 1992, with bandmates Bob Weston (formerly of Volcano Suns) and Todd Trainer (of Rifle Sport, Breaking Circus and Brick Layer Cake). They initially released three EPs: The Rude Gesture: A Pictorial History (1993), Uranus (1993) and The Bird Is the Most Popular Finger (1994). The first two EP releases were on Touch and Go, while the third EP was a Drag City label release.", "All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD. Recording career Since the early 1990s, Albini has been best known as a record producer; however, he dislikes the term and prefers to receive no credit on album sleeves or notes. When credited, he prefers the term \"recording engineer\". In 2004, Albini estimated that he has engineered the recording of 1,500 albums, mostly by obscure musicians. By 2018, his estimate had increased to several thousand.", "Albini said he studied painting in college with Ed Paschke, someone he calls a brilliant educator and \"one of the only people in college who actually taught me anything\". In the Chicago area, Albini was active as a writer in local zines such as Matter and Forced Exposure, covering the then-nascent punk rock scene, and gained a reputation for the iconoclastic nature of his articles. Around the same time, he began recording musicians and engineered his first album in 1981.", "Personal life Albini is married to film director Heather Whinna and they work and live in Chicago. His right leg is slightly deformed as a result of a car accident when he was 18. In 2010, he revealed that he is not an avid consumer of media and watches a lot of cat videos on YouTube, while avoiding feature films. Albini called himself an atheist in a 2011 interview. Discography Works or publications \"Husker Du?", "Stereogum's Tom Breihan wrote in 2012: \"Even though he's [Albini] been an outspoken opponent of the major-label system (and of other underground-rock heroes), he's known to work with just about anyone who requests his service.\" In February 2018, along with the Scottish lo-fi band Spare Snare, Albini presented a one-day Audio Engineers' Workshop at Chem19 Studios in Blantyre, Scotland.", "Asked about these statements in a 2018 interview, Albini stated that, given the reduction in the power of record labels over the previous 25 years, the prevalence of producers who are there only to exert artistic control over the recording had dropped significantly. He also noted that digital recording had enabled many more people to \"do productive work\" as audio engineers, while noting that he himself was sticking with analog recording.", "Around the same time, he began recording musicians and engineered his first album in 1981. He co-managed Ruthless Records (Chicago) with John Kezdy of the Effigies and Jon Babbin (Criminal IQ Records). According to Albini, he maintained a \"straight job\" for five years until 1987, working in a photography studio as a photograph retouch artist." ]

[ "The first two EP releases were on Touch and Go, while the third EP was a Drag City label release. Two years after formation, the Japanese label NUX Organization released a Japan-exclusive live album, Live in Tokyo. The live album was followed by five studio albums: At Action Park (1994), Terraform (1998), 1000 Hurts (2000), Excellent Italian Greyhound (2007) and Dude Incredible (2014). All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD.", "All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD. Recording career Since the early 1990s, Albini has been best known as a record producer; however, he dislikes the term and prefers to receive no credit on album sleeves or notes. When credited, he prefers the term \"recording engineer\". In 2004, Albini estimated that he has engineered the recording of 1,500 albums, mostly by obscure musicians. By 2018, his estimate had increased to several thousand.", "Production influences A key influence on Albini was English producer John Loder, who came to prominence in the late 1970s with a reputation for recording albums quickly and inexpensively, but nonetheless with distinctive qualities and a sensitivity towards a band's sound and aesthetic. Albini has mentioned an admiration for ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax. Among his peers, Albini has praised his frequent collaborator (and Shellac bandmate) Bob Weston, as well as Brian Paulson and Matt Barnhart, among others.", "Also in 1986, a live album titled Sound of Impact was released on the Not/Blast First label. The accompanying booklet provides insight into the band's influences; Albini cited bands such as Ramones, The Birthday Party, The Stooges, Suicide, SPK, Minor Threat, Whitehouse, Link Wray, Pere Ubu, Chrome, Rudimentary Peni, The 4-Skins, Throbbing Gristle, Skrewdriver, the Ex, Minimal Man, U.S. Chaos, Gang Green, Tommi Stumpff, Swans and Bad Brains.", "In a 2020 interview, Albini expressed regret for the name of the band, saying that he didn't feel he had been \"held to account for being in a band called Rapeman\". He added that \"it was a flippant choice\", calling it unconscionable and indefensible. He likened it to getting a bad tattoo. 1992–present: Shellac Albini formed Shellac in 1992, with bandmates Bob Weston (formerly of Volcano Suns) and Todd Trainer (of Rifle Sport, Breaking Circus and Brick Layer Cake).", "Among his peers, Albini has praised his frequent collaborator (and Shellac bandmate) Bob Weston, as well as Brian Paulson and Matt Barnhart, among others. In Utero Perhaps Albini's most well-known production work was for the 1993 album In Utero, the third and final album by the American rock band Nirvana. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain sought out Albini because he had produced two of Cobain's favorite albums, Surfer Rosa (1988) by the Pixies and Pod (1990) by The Breeders.", "Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001; Cameron, Keith. \"This Is Pop,\" MOJO magazine, Issue 90, May 2001. King, Braden. Looking for a Thrill: An Anthology of Inspiration. Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005.", "Jeff Pezzati and Santiago Durango, of Chicago band Naked Raygun, and live drummer Pat Byrne joined shortly thereafter, and the band—along with a drum machine, the Roland TR-606, credited as \"Roland\"—released the EP Racer-X in 1984, after touring and signing a new contract with the Homestead Records business. Pezzati commenced recording the \"Il Duce\" 7-inch single with the band, but returned to his original band before it was completed.", "Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005. Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005. (DVD) External links Electrical Audio official website 1961 births Living people American audio engineers American atheists American male singer-songwriters American music journalists American poker players Alternative rock guitarists Noise rock musicians Post-hardcore musicians American writers of Italian descent Medill School of Journalism alumni Big Black members Singers from Chicago Musicians from Missoula, Montana Writers from Pasadena, California Pigface members Writers from Evanston, Illinois Musicians from Pasadena, California Musicians from Evanston, Illinois Journalists from Montana Guitarists from California Guitarists from Chicago Guitarists from Montana Record producers from Montana Record producers from Illinois Record producers from California Rapeman members Shellac (band) members 20th-century American guitarists World Series of Poker bracelet winners American male non-fiction writers American male guitarists 21st-century American guitarists American punk rock singers American punk rock guitarists American punk rock bass guitarists American post-punk musicians American bloggers Singer-songwriters from Illinois Singer-songwriters from California" ]

[ "The first two EP releases were on Touch and Go, while the third EP was a Drag City label release. Two years after formation, the Japanese label NUX Organization released a Japan-exclusive live album, Live in Tokyo. The live album was followed by five studio albums: At Action Park (1994), Terraform (1998), 1000 Hurts (2000), Excellent Italian Greyhound (2007) and Dude Incredible (2014). All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD.", "All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD. Recording career Since the early 1990s, Albini has been best known as a record producer; however, he dislikes the term and prefers to receive no credit on album sleeves or notes. When credited, he prefers the term \"recording engineer\". In 2004, Albini estimated that he has engineered the recording of 1,500 albums, mostly by obscure musicians. By 2018, his estimate had increased to several thousand.", "In a 2020 interview, Albini expressed regret for the name of the band, saying that he didn't feel he had been \"held to account for being in a band called Rapeman\". He added that \"it was a flippant choice\", calling it unconscionable and indefensible. He likened it to getting a bad tattoo. 1992–present: Shellac Albini formed Shellac in 1992, with bandmates Bob Weston (formerly of Volcano Suns) and Todd Trainer (of Rifle Sport, Breaking Circus and Brick Layer Cake).", "Among his peers, Albini has praised his frequent collaborator (and Shellac bandmate) Bob Weston, as well as Brian Paulson and Matt Barnhart, among others. In Utero Perhaps Albini's most well-known production work was for the 1993 album In Utero, the third and final album by the American rock band Nirvana. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain sought out Albini because he had produced two of Cobain's favorite albums, Surfer Rosa (1988) by the Pixies and Pod (1990) by The Breeders.", "Production influences A key influence on Albini was English producer John Loder, who came to prominence in the late 1970s with a reputation for recording albums quickly and inexpensively, but nonetheless with distinctive qualities and a sensitivity towards a band's sound and aesthetic. Albini has mentioned an admiration for ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax. Among his peers, Albini has praised his frequent collaborator (and Shellac bandmate) Bob Weston, as well as Brian Paulson and Matt Barnhart, among others.", "Also in 1986, a live album titled Sound of Impact was released on the Not/Blast First label. The accompanying booklet provides insight into the band's influences; Albini cited bands such as Ramones, The Birthday Party, The Stooges, Suicide, SPK, Minor Threat, Whitehouse, Link Wray, Pere Ubu, Chrome, Rudimentary Peni, The 4-Skins, Throbbing Gristle, Skrewdriver, the Ex, Minimal Man, U.S. Chaos, Gang Green, Tommi Stumpff, Swans and Bad Brains.", "They broke up after the release of two 7-inch singles, \"Hated Chinee b/w Marmoset\" (1988) and \"Inki's Butt Crack b/w Song Number One\" (1989), one EP titled Budd (1988) and the Two Nuns and a Pack Mule album, also released in 1988 on Touch and Go. In a 2020 interview, Albini expressed regret for the name of the band, saying that he didn't feel he had been \"held to account for being in a band called Rapeman\".", "Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005. Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005. (DVD) External links Electrical Audio official website 1961 births Living people American audio engineers American atheists American male singer-songwriters American music journalists American poker players Alternative rock guitarists Noise rock musicians Post-hardcore musicians American writers of Italian descent Medill School of Journalism alumni Big Black members Singers from Chicago Musicians from Missoula, Montana Writers from Pasadena, California Pigface members Writers from Evanston, Illinois Musicians from Pasadena, California Musicians from Evanston, Illinois Journalists from Montana Guitarists from California Guitarists from Chicago Guitarists from Montana Record producers from Montana Record producers from Illinois Record producers from California Rapeman members Shellac (band) members 20th-century American guitarists World Series of Poker bracelet winners American male non-fiction writers American male guitarists 21st-century American guitarists American punk rock singers American punk rock guitarists American punk rock bass guitarists American post-punk musicians American bloggers Singer-songwriters from Illinois Singer-songwriters from California", "The band was named after a Japanese comic book. The band was named after a Japanese comic book. They broke up after the release of two 7-inch singles, \"Hated Chinee b/w Marmoset\" (1988) and \"Inki's Butt Crack b/w Song Number One\" (1989), one EP titled Budd (1988) and the Two Nuns and a Pack Mule album, also released in 1988 on Touch and Go." ]

[ "The first two EP releases were on Touch and Go, while the third EP was a Drag City label release. Two years after formation, the Japanese label NUX Organization released a Japan-exclusive live album, Live in Tokyo. The live album was followed by five studio albums: At Action Park (1994), Terraform (1998), 1000 Hurts (2000), Excellent Italian Greyhound (2007) and Dude Incredible (2014). All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD.", "Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001; Cameron, Keith. \"This Is Pop,\" MOJO magazine, Issue 90, May 2001. King, Braden. Looking for a Thrill: An Anthology of Inspiration. Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005.", "The band was named after a Japanese comic book. The band was named after a Japanese comic book. They broke up after the release of two 7-inch singles, \"Hated Chinee b/w Marmoset\" (1988) and \"Inki's Butt Crack b/w Song Number One\" (1989), one EP titled Budd (1988) and the Two Nuns and a Pack Mule album, also released in 1988 on Touch and Go.", "In a 2020 interview, Albini expressed regret for the name of the band, saying that he didn't feel he had been \"held to account for being in a band called Rapeman\". He added that \"it was a flippant choice\", calling it unconscionable and indefensible. He likened it to getting a bad tattoo. 1992–present: Shellac Albini formed Shellac in 1992, with bandmates Bob Weston (formerly of Volcano Suns) and Todd Trainer (of Rifle Sport, Breaking Circus and Brick Layer Cake).", "They broke up after the release of two 7-inch singles, \"Hated Chinee b/w Marmoset\" (1988) and \"Inki's Butt Crack b/w Song Number One\" (1989), one EP titled Budd (1988) and the Two Nuns and a Pack Mule album, also released in 1988 on Touch and Go. In a 2020 interview, Albini expressed regret for the name of the band, saying that he didn't feel he had been \"held to account for being in a band called Rapeman\".", "He commented: \"Anybody can play notes. He commented: \"Anybody can play notes. There's no trick. What is a trick and a good one is to make a guitar do things that don't sound like a guitar at all. The point here is stretching the boundaries.\"", "All of Shellac's studio albums were released on vinyl as well as CD. Recording career Since the early 1990s, Albini has been best known as a record producer; however, he dislikes the term and prefers to receive no credit on album sleeves or notes. When credited, he prefers the term \"recording engineer\". In 2004, Albini estimated that he has engineered the recording of 1,500 albums, mostly by obscure musicians. By 2018, his estimate had increased to several thousand.", "Production influences A key influence on Albini was English producer John Loder, who came to prominence in the late 1970s with a reputation for recording albums quickly and inexpensively, but nonetheless with distinctive qualities and a sensitivity towards a band's sound and aesthetic. Albini has mentioned an admiration for ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax. Among his peers, Albini has praised his frequent collaborator (and Shellac bandmate) Bob Weston, as well as Brian Paulson and Matt Barnhart, among others.", "Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005. Chicago, IL: Thrill Jockey, 2005. (DVD) External links Electrical Audio official website 1961 births Living people American audio engineers American atheists American male singer-songwriters American music journalists American poker players Alternative rock guitarists Noise rock musicians Post-hardcore musicians American writers of Italian descent Medill School of Journalism alumni Big Black members Singers from Chicago Musicians from Missoula, Montana Writers from Pasadena, California Pigface members Writers from Evanston, Illinois Musicians from Pasadena, California Musicians from Evanston, Illinois Journalists from Montana Guitarists from California Guitarists from Chicago Guitarists from Montana Record producers from Montana Record producers from Illinois Record producers from California Rapeman members Shellac (band) members 20th-century American guitarists World Series of Poker bracelet winners American male non-fiction writers American male guitarists 21st-century American guitarists American punk rock singers American punk rock guitarists American punk rock bass guitarists American post-punk musicians American bloggers Singer-songwriters from Illinois Singer-songwriters from California" ]

[ "History First incarnation (1978–1985) Founding members Midge Ure and Rusty Egan started working on Visage to produce music to play at the clubs Egan was DJing at. Egan alongside Steve Strange was hosting David Bowie and Roxy Music club nights at Billy's nightclub in London's Soho district at the time and Egan was eager to find new music to play, ultimately opting to create music himself with Ure.", "Visage were a British synthpop band, formed in London in 1978. The band became closely linked to the burgeoning New Romantic fashion movement of the early 1980s, and are best known for their hit \"Fade to Grey\" which was released in late 1980. In the UK, the band achieved two Top 20 albums (Visage and The Anvil) and five Top 30 singles before the commercial failure of their third album (Beat Boy) led to their break-up in 1985.", "By this time, Billy Currie and Dave Formula had also left the band (though they received a \"special thanks\" credit on the album sleeve for their input), leaving only Strange and Egan from the original line-up along with Steve Barnacle and new recruits Gary Barnacle (Steve Barnacle's brother) and Andy Barnett who also was a member of FM and ASAP. A decision to make Visage a live band instead of a strictly studio-based project also failed to meet with success and the band split in 1985.", "In 2013, the most recent line-up of the band released Hearts and Knives, the first new Visage album in 29 years. The band's fifth and final album, Demons to Diamonds, was released in 2015, nine months after Strange had died following a heart attack. History First incarnation (1978–1985) Founding members Midge Ure and Rusty Egan started working on Visage to produce music to play at the clubs Egan was DJing at.", "Run by Strange's friends and relatives, they oversaw the release of the final Visage album, Demons to Diamonds, which was released on 6 November 2015. Former members Steve Strange – lead vocals (1978–1985, 2002–2015; his death) Rusty Egan – drums, percussion (1978–1985) Midge Ure – guitar, synthesisers (1978–1982) Billy Currie – keyboards, synthesiser, violin (1978–1984) Dave Formula – keyboards, synthesiser (1978–1984) John McGeoch – guitar, saxophone (1978–1981; died 2004) Barry Adamson – bass (1978–1979) Steve Barnacle – bass (1982–1985, 2012–2015) Gary Barnacle – saxophone (1984–1985) Andy Barnett – guitar (1984–1985) Sandrine Gouriou – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2002–2010) Rosie Harris – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2002–2010) Ross Tregenza – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2004–2010) Steven Young – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2004–2010) Lauren Duvall – keyboards, synthesizer, vocals (2012–2015) Robin Simon – guitar (2012–2015) Discography Studio albums Visage (1980) The Anvil (1982) Beat Boy (1984) Hearts and Knives (2013) Demons to Diamonds (2015) References External links Artist information/discography page at CyberNoise British synth-pop new wave groups English new wave musical groups English synth-pop groups Musical groups established in 1978 Musical groups disestablished in 1985 Musical groups reestablished in 2004 Musical groups disestablished in 2010 Musical groups reestablished in 2012 Musical groups disestablished in 2015 Musical groups from London Polydor Records artists Radar Records artists", "A decision to make Visage a live band instead of a strictly studio-based project also failed to meet with success and the band split in 1985. Their final release was a Visage video compilation of the band's renowned promotional videos and other footage, including Strange's 1983 trip to North Africa. The compilation does not, however, include the original video for the \"Love Glove\" single which was filmed at a late-night Dockland location in London in 1984.", "In the UK, the band achieved two Top 20 albums (Visage and The Anvil) and five Top 30 singles before the commercial failure of their third album (Beat Boy) led to their break-up in 1985. The band has seen various line-up changes over the years, all fronted by vocalist Steve Strange, who resurrected the band name in the 2000s. In 2013, the most recent line-up of the band released Hearts and Knives, the first new Visage album in 29 years.", "Visage were now without Ure, McGeoch and Adamson, who went on to join Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Bassist Steve Barnacle was recruited to replace Adamson, and the remaining lineup recorded the stand-alone single \"Pleasure Boys\", which was released in October 1982. The single failed to prolong their string of hits and peaked just outside the UK Top 40. Although still recording, Visage then took a two-year hiatus from releasing any new material due to contractual difficulties with their management company.", "Visage recorded their first album at Rushent's home studio in Berkshire, but Rushent's label collapsed, and the band instead signed to Radar Records, a new independent label run by Rushent's former colleague Martin Davis (the pair had worked together at United Artists Records). Visage released their first single \"Tar\" on Radar in September 1979, though the single failed to chart.", "In mid-1980, David Bowie himself visited the club and asked Strange and three other regulars to appear in the video for his single \"Ashes to Ashes\", which helped to propel the New Romantic movement into the mainstream. Although Visage's self-titled debut album had been completed for several months, it was not released until November 1980 when the band was now signed to the major label Polydor Records. The band's second single, \"Fade to Grey\", was released at the same time." ]

[ "During the interview he mentioned that a new Visage album was also due for release in Spring 2013. Also on 8 January 2013, Visage launched their new website, Twitter, Facebook and Soundcloud accounts and announced their new line-up, consisting of Steve Strange, former Visage bassist Steve Barnacle, former Ultravox guitarist Robin Simon, and Lauren Duvall on vocals.", "Run by Strange's friends and relatives, they oversaw the release of the final Visage album, Demons to Diamonds, which was released on 6 November 2015. Former members Steve Strange – lead vocals (1978–1985, 2002–2015; his death) Rusty Egan – drums, percussion (1978–1985) Midge Ure – guitar, synthesisers (1978–1982) Billy Currie – keyboards, synthesiser, violin (1978–1984) Dave Formula – keyboards, synthesiser (1978–1984) John McGeoch – guitar, saxophone (1978–1981; died 2004) Barry Adamson – bass (1978–1979) Steve Barnacle – bass (1982–1985, 2012–2015) Gary Barnacle – saxophone (1984–1985) Andy Barnett – guitar (1984–1985) Sandrine Gouriou – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2002–2010) Rosie Harris – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2002–2010) Ross Tregenza – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2004–2010) Steven Young – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2004–2010) Lauren Duvall – keyboards, synthesizer, vocals (2012–2015) Robin Simon – guitar (2012–2015) Discography Studio albums Visage (1980) The Anvil (1982) Beat Boy (1984) Hearts and Knives (2013) Demons to Diamonds (2015) References External links Artist information/discography page at CyberNoise British synth-pop new wave groups English new wave musical groups English synth-pop groups Musical groups established in 1978 Musical groups disestablished in 1985 Musical groups reestablished in 2004 Musical groups disestablished in 2010 Musical groups reestablished in 2012 Musical groups disestablished in 2015 Musical groups from London Polydor Records artists Radar Records artists", "In the UK, the band achieved two Top 20 albums (Visage and The Anvil) and five Top 30 singles before the commercial failure of their third album (Beat Boy) led to their break-up in 1985. The band has seen various line-up changes over the years, all fronted by vocalist Steve Strange, who resurrected the band name in the 2000s. In 2013, the most recent line-up of the band released Hearts and Knives, the first new Visage album in 29 years.", "Also on 8 January 2013, Visage launched their new website, Twitter, Facebook and Soundcloud accounts and announced their new line-up, consisting of Steve Strange, former Visage bassist Steve Barnacle, former Ultravox guitarist Robin Simon, and Lauren Duvall on vocals. A single from the album, \"Shameless Fashion\", was made available as a free download from the band's Facebook page, and a physical CD-single was released on 6 May 2013. The band's new album, Hearts and Knives, was released on 20 May 2013.", "In 2013, the most recent line-up of the band released Hearts and Knives, the first new Visage album in 29 years. The band's fifth and final album, Demons to Diamonds, was released in 2015, nine months after Strange had died following a heart attack. History First incarnation (1978–1985) Founding members Midge Ure and Rusty Egan started working on Visage to produce music to play at the clubs Egan was DJing at.", "He performed several Visage songs on the Here and Now Xmas Tour – a revival of 1980s pop acts. Some time after the performance, Strange decided to create a \"Mark II\" of Visage with people from several electronic bands and projects: Steven Young, Sandrine Gouriou and Rosie Harris from Seize and Ross Tregenza from Jetstream Lovers/Goteki. After the announcement of the formation of the new line-up and several television appearances, plans for reworking old material and releasing a new record made slow progress.", "By this time, Billy Currie and Dave Formula had also left the band (though they received a \"special thanks\" credit on the album sleeve for their input), leaving only Strange and Egan from the original line-up along with Steve Barnacle and new recruits Gary Barnacle (Steve Barnacle's brother) and Andy Barnett who also was a member of FM and ASAP. A decision to make Visage a live band instead of a strictly studio-based project also failed to meet with success and the band split in 1985.", "Ure and Egan recorded a demo which included the original track \"The Dancer\" of which a version appeared on the debut Visage album and a cover of the Zager and Evans hit \"In the Year 2525\". Strange was then brought into the band to provide the face and voice of Visage with the line-up being completed with the addition of Ultravox keyboardist Billy Currie and three-fifths of the post-punk band Magazine – guitarist John McGeoch, keyboardist Dave Formula and bassist Barry Adamson (who left the band after playing on its debut single, but returned as a session musician).", "History First incarnation (1978–1985) Founding members Midge Ure and Rusty Egan started working on Visage to produce music to play at the clubs Egan was DJing at. Egan alongside Steve Strange was hosting David Bowie and Roxy Music club nights at Billy's nightclub in London's Soho district at the time and Egan was eager to find new music to play, ultimately opting to create music himself with Ure.", "The remixes were included on a new compilation album, The Face – The Very Best of Visage, which was released in March 2010. Final incarnation (2012–2015) On 8 January 2013, Strange appeared as a guest on the Channel 4 News programme to discuss the forthcoming David Bowie album The Next Day. During the interview he mentioned that a new Visage album was also due for release in Spring 2013." ]

[ "38 in the UK Albums Chart after its release in November 1983. In 1984, with their contractual problems resolved, Visage returned with their third album, Beat Boy. Released in October 1984, the album was a critical and commercial failure, peaking at No. 79 in the UK. Two singles from the album, \"Love Glove\" and \"Beat Boy\", also failed to make the UK top 40.", "A decision to make Visage a live band instead of a strictly studio-based project also failed to meet with success and the band split in 1985. Their final release was a Visage video compilation of the band's renowned promotional videos and other footage, including Strange's 1983 trip to North Africa. The compilation does not, however, include the original video for the \"Love Glove\" single which was filmed at a late-night Dockland location in London in 1984.", "Visage were now without Ure, McGeoch and Adamson, who went on to join Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Bassist Steve Barnacle was recruited to replace Adamson, and the remaining lineup recorded the stand-alone single \"Pleasure Boys\", which was released in October 1982. The single failed to prolong their string of hits and peaked just outside the UK Top 40. Although still recording, Visage then took a two-year hiatus from releasing any new material due to contractual difficulties with their management company.", "Written by Strange with Visage mk II member Ross Tregenza, the track was co-produced by original Visage member Dave Formula. This song was made available for download from their official website in return for a donation to the charity Children in Need. However, no further new material surfaced from this line-up. The long-since deleted Visage VHS video collection was repackaged for release on DVD in Summer 2006, though it was mistakenly titled Visage Live.", "Visage recorded their first album at Rushent's home studio in Berkshire, but Rushent's label collapsed, and the band instead signed to Radar Records, a new independent label run by Rushent's former colleague Martin Davis (the pair had worked together at United Artists Records). Visage released their first single \"Tar\" on Radar in September 1979, though the single failed to chart.", "In 2013, the most recent line-up of the band released Hearts and Knives, the first new Visage album in 29 years. The band's fifth and final album, Demons to Diamonds, was released in 2015, nine months after Strange had died following a heart attack. History First incarnation (1978–1985) Founding members Midge Ure and Rusty Egan started working on Visage to produce music to play at the clubs Egan was DJing at.", "In the UK, the band achieved two Top 20 albums (Visage and The Anvil) and five Top 30 singles before the commercial failure of their third album (Beat Boy) led to their break-up in 1985. The band has seen various line-up changes over the years, all fronted by vocalist Steve Strange, who resurrected the band name in the 2000s. In 2013, the most recent line-up of the band released Hearts and Knives, the first new Visage album in 29 years.", "By this time, Billy Currie and Dave Formula had also left the band (though they received a \"special thanks\" credit on the album sleeve for their input), leaving only Strange and Egan from the original line-up along with Steve Barnacle and new recruits Gary Barnacle (Steve Barnacle's brother) and Andy Barnett who also was a member of FM and ASAP. A decision to make Visage a live band instead of a strictly studio-based project also failed to meet with success and the band split in 1985.", "Run by Strange's friends and relatives, they oversaw the release of the final Visage album, Demons to Diamonds, which was released on 6 November 2015. Former members Steve Strange – lead vocals (1978–1985, 2002–2015; his death) Rusty Egan – drums, percussion (1978–1985) Midge Ure – guitar, synthesisers (1978–1982) Billy Currie – keyboards, synthesiser, violin (1978–1984) Dave Formula – keyboards, synthesiser (1978–1984) John McGeoch – guitar, saxophone (1978–1981; died 2004) Barry Adamson – bass (1978–1979) Steve Barnacle – bass (1982–1985, 2012–2015) Gary Barnacle – saxophone (1984–1985) Andy Barnett – guitar (1984–1985) Sandrine Gouriou – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2002–2010) Rosie Harris – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2002–2010) Ross Tregenza – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2004–2010) Steven Young – keyboards, synthesiser, vocals (2004–2010) Lauren Duvall – keyboards, synthesizer, vocals (2012–2015) Robin Simon – guitar (2012–2015) Discography Studio albums Visage (1980) The Anvil (1982) Beat Boy (1984) Hearts and Knives (2013) Demons to Diamonds (2015) References External links Artist information/discography page at CyberNoise British synth-pop new wave groups English new wave musical groups English synth-pop groups Musical groups established in 1978 Musical groups disestablished in 1985 Musical groups reestablished in 2004 Musical groups disestablished in 2010 Musical groups reestablished in 2012 Musical groups disestablished in 2015 Musical groups from London Polydor Records artists Radar Records artists", "In mid-1980, David Bowie himself visited the club and asked Strange and three other regulars to appear in the video for his single \"Ashes to Ashes\", which helped to propel the New Romantic movement into the mainstream. Although Visage's self-titled debut album had been completed for several months, it was not released until November 1980 when the band was now signed to the major label Polydor Records. The band's second single, \"Fade to Grey\", was released at the same time." ]

[ "The remixes were included on a new compilation album, The Face – The Very Best of Visage, which was released in March 2010. Final incarnation (2012–2015) On 8 January 2013, Strange appeared as a guest on the Channel 4 News programme to discuss the forthcoming David Bowie album The Next Day. During the interview he mentioned that a new Visage album was also due for release in Spring 2013.", "After the announcement of the formation of the new line-up and several television appearances, plans for reworking old material and releasing a new record made slow progress. An updated version of \"Fade to Grey\" was produced in 2005. In 2006, Strange also collaborated with the electronic duo Punx Soundcheck and provided vocals on the track \"In the Dark\", which was included on the duo's debut double album When Machines Ruled the World.", "Ure and Egan recorded a demo which included the original track \"The Dancer\" of which a version appeared on the debut Visage album and a cover of the Zager and Evans hit \"In the Year 2525\". Strange was then brought into the band to provide the face and voice of Visage with the line-up being completed with the addition of Ultravox keyboardist Billy Currie and three-fifths of the post-punk band Magazine – guitarist John McGeoch, keyboardist Dave Formula and bassist Barry Adamson (who left the band after playing on its debut single, but returned as a session musician).", "At the culmination of the episode, they performed \"Fade to Grey\". In 2010, new remixes of \"Fade to Grey\" were produced by club DJs Michael Gray and Lee Mortimer to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the song. The remixes were included on a new compilation album, The Face – The Very Best of Visage, which was released in March 2010.", "The band's second single, \"Fade to Grey\", was released at the same time. The single became a hit in early 1981, making the top ten in the UK Singles Chart and several other countries, and reaching no. 1 in Germany and Switzerland. The album also became a Top 20 hit in the UK and was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry.", "He performed several Visage songs on the Here and Now Xmas Tour – a revival of 1980s pop acts. Some time after the performance, Strange decided to create a \"Mark II\" of Visage with people from several electronic bands and projects: Steven Young, Sandrine Gouriou and Rosie Harris from Seize and Ross Tregenza from Jetstream Lovers/Goteki. After the announcement of the formation of the new line-up and several television appearances, plans for reworking old material and releasing a new record made slow progress.", "During the interview he mentioned that a new Visage album was also due for release in Spring 2013. Also on 8 January 2013, Visage launched their new website, Twitter, Facebook and Soundcloud accounts and announced their new line-up, consisting of Steve Strange, former Visage bassist Steve Barnacle, former Ultravox guitarist Robin Simon, and Lauren Duvall on vocals.", "The band's new album, Hearts and Knives, was released on 20 May 2013. A second single from the album, \"Dreamer I Know\", was released in July 2013, and a third single, \"Never Enough\", was released in December. Throughout the second half of 2013, the band also embarked on a series of live dates in the UK and Europe.", "The long-since deleted Visage VHS video collection was repackaged for release on DVD in Summer 2006, though it was mistakenly titled Visage Live. In 2008, Strange (and Visage II keyboardist Sandrine Gouriou) made an appearance in the BBC drama series Ashes to Ashes which is set in 1981. In it, they performed the song \"Fade to Grey\" in a scene set in the \"Blitz\" nightclub." ]

[ "Nonetheless, in the autumn of 1981, Visage went into the studio and recorded The Anvil as a five-piece band without McGeoch and only limited guest work from Adamson. The album, which was named after an infamous gay nightclub in New York City, was released in March 1982 and became the band's only Top 10 hit in the UK Albums Chart, producing two top-twenty singles with \"The Damned Don't Cry\" and \"Night Train\". Like their first album, The Anvil earned a Silver disc in the UK.", "The band's new album, Hearts and Knives, was released on 20 May 2013. A second single from the album, \"Dreamer I Know\", was released in July 2013, and a third single, \"Never Enough\", was released in December. Throughout the second half of 2013, the band also embarked on a series of live dates in the UK and Europe.", "The remixes were included on a new compilation album, The Face – The Very Best of Visage, which was released in March 2010. Final incarnation (2012–2015) On 8 January 2013, Strange appeared as a guest on the Channel 4 News programme to discuss the forthcoming David Bowie album The Next Day. During the interview he mentioned that a new Visage album was also due for release in Spring 2013.", "While Strange's death ultimately meant the end of Visage, the band opted to complete the album they had already been working on with Strange prior to his death. On 2 September 2015, an organisation known as The Steve Strange Collective was announced. Run by Strange's friends and relatives, they oversaw the release of the final Visage album, Demons to Diamonds, which was released on 6 November 2015.", "The band's second single, \"Fade to Grey\", was released at the same time. The single became a hit in early 1981, making the top ten in the UK Singles Chart and several other countries, and reaching no. 1 in Germany and Switzerland. The album also became a Top 20 hit in the UK and was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry.", "Visage were now without Ure, McGeoch and Adamson, who went on to join Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Bassist Steve Barnacle was recruited to replace Adamson, and the remaining lineup recorded the stand-alone single \"Pleasure Boys\", which was released in October 1982. The single failed to prolong their string of hits and peaked just outside the UK Top 40. Although still recording, Visage then took a two-year hiatus from releasing any new material due to contractual difficulties with their management company.", "Although still recording, Visage then took a two-year hiatus from releasing any new material due to contractual difficulties with their management company. Polydor issued a \"best of\" compilation, Fade to Grey – The Singles Collection, which included all of the singles released to date and the previously unreleased \"In the Year 2525\". Although the album was certified Gold in the UK for pre-release sales to stores, it only peaked at No. 38 in the UK Albums Chart after its release in November 1983.", "Visage recorded their first album at Rushent's home studio in Berkshire, but Rushent's label collapsed, and the band instead signed to Radar Records, a new independent label run by Rushent's former colleague Martin Davis (the pair had worked together at United Artists Records). Visage released their first single \"Tar\" on Radar in September 1979, though the single failed to chart." ]

[ "It debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, making Drake the first male artist to have three songs debut at number one. On May 1, 2020, Drake released the commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes, with guest appearances from Chris Brown, Future, Young Thug, Fivio Foreign, Playboi Carti, and Sosa Geek. He also announced that his sixth studio album would be released in the summer of 2020. The mixtape is a compilation of new songs and tracks that leaked on the internet.", "On March 5, Drake released an EP titled Scary Hours 2, which includes three songs: \"What's Next\", \"Wants and Needs\" with Lil Baby, and \"Lemon Pepper Freestyle\" with Rick Ross. These three songs entered the charts at numbers one, two, and three, respectively, making Drake the first artist to have three songs debut in the top three on the Billboard Hot 100.", "On February 29, Drake released the songs \"When to Say When\" and \"Chicago Freestyle\" with a combined music video. On April 3, he released \"Toosie Slide\" with a music video, which features a dance created in collaboration with social media influencer Toosie. It debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, making Drake the first male artist to have three songs debut at number one.", "On February 14, Drake re-released his third mixtape, So Far Gone, onto streaming services for the first time to commemorate its 10-year anniversary, and later collaborated with Summer Walker on a remix of Walker's song \"Girls Need Love\", marking his first release of 2019. On April 10, during a performance on the Assassination Vacation Tour, he announced he was working on a new album. On June 8, Drake appeared on Chris Brown's single \"No Guidance\".", "Throughout the duration of the tour, Drake and Lil Wayne recorded multiple songs together, including \"Ransom\", \"Forever\", and a remix to \"Brand New\". In 2009, Drake released his third mixtape So Far Gone. It was made available for free download through his OVO blog website, and featured Lil Wayne, Trey Songz, Omarion, Lloyd, and Bun B.", "He later collaborated with Drakeo the Ruler on the single \"Talk to Me\", which was released on February 23. On March 5, Drake released an EP titled Scary Hours 2, which includes three songs: \"What's Next\", \"Wants and Needs\" with Lil Baby, and \"Lemon Pepper Freestyle\" with Rick Ross.", "This prompted the mixtape's re-release as an EP, featuring only four songs from the original, as well as the additions of the songs \"I'm Goin' In\" and \"Fear\". It debuted at number six on the Billboard 200, and won the Rap Recording of the Year at the 2010 Juno Awards. Due to the success of the mixtape, Drake was the subject of a bidding war from various labels, often reported as \"one of the biggest bidding wars ever\".", "Drake soon released the album's lead singles, \"Pop Style\" and the dancehall-infused \"One Dance\", on April 5. Both debuted within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100; however, the latter proved more commercially successful, with \"One Dance\" becoming Drake's first number-one single in Canada and the US as a leading artist.", "Drake released his debut studio album, Thank Me Later, in 2010, which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. He achieved major critical success with Take Care (2011) and commercial success with Nothing Was the Same (2013) and his first commercial mixtape, If You're Reading This It's Too Late (2015); the latter two were certified multi-platinum in the US." ]

[ "He later collaborated with Drakeo the Ruler on the single \"Talk to Me\", which was released on February 23. On March 5, Drake released an EP titled Scary Hours 2, which includes three songs: \"What's Next\", \"Wants and Needs\" with Lil Baby, and \"Lemon Pepper Freestyle\" with Rick Ross.", "It debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, making Drake the first male artist to have three songs debut at number one. On May 1, 2020, Drake released the commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes, with guest appearances from Chris Brown, Future, Young Thug, Fivio Foreign, Playboi Carti, and Sosa Geek. He also announced that his sixth studio album would be released in the summer of 2020. The mixtape is a compilation of new songs and tracks that leaked on the internet.", "On March 5, Drake released an EP titled Scary Hours 2, which includes three songs: \"What's Next\", \"Wants and Needs\" with Lil Baby, and \"Lemon Pepper Freestyle\" with Rick Ross. These three songs entered the charts at numbers one, two, and three, respectively, making Drake the first artist to have three songs debut in the top three on the Billboard Hot 100.", "On February 14, Drake re-released his third mixtape, So Far Gone, onto streaming services for the first time to commemorate its 10-year anniversary, and later collaborated with Summer Walker on a remix of Walker's song \"Girls Need Love\", marking his first release of 2019. On April 10, during a performance on the Assassination Vacation Tour, he announced he was working on a new album. On June 8, Drake appeared on Chris Brown's single \"No Guidance\".", "Throughout the duration of the tour, Drake and Lil Wayne recorded multiple songs together, including \"Ransom\", \"Forever\", and a remix to \"Brand New\". In 2009, Drake released his third mixtape So Far Gone. It was made available for free download through his OVO blog website, and featured Lil Wayne, Trey Songz, Omarion, Lloyd, and Bun B.", "This prompted the mixtape's re-release as an EP, featuring only four songs from the original, as well as the additions of the songs \"I'm Goin' In\" and \"Fear\". It debuted at number six on the Billboard 200, and won the Rap Recording of the Year at the 2010 Juno Awards. Due to the success of the mixtape, Drake was the subject of a bidding war from various labels, often reported as \"one of the biggest bidding wars ever\".", "His second solo commercial mixtape, More Life (2017), set then-multiple streaming records, and in 2018, he released the double album Scorpion, which contained the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"God's Plan\", \"Nice for What\", and \"In My Feelings\". Leaving Young Money in 2018, Drake's third commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes was released in 2020, and featured the chart-topping \"Toosie Slide\".", "Leaving Young Money in 2018, Drake's third commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes was released in 2020, and featured the chart-topping \"Toosie Slide\". In 2021, the EP Scary Hours 2 included the number one \"What's Next\" and set chart records, and preceded his delayed sixth album, Certified Lover Boy (2021); the album set the record for most U.S. top-ten entries from one album, with lead single \"Way 2 Sexy\" becoming his tenth number one.", "Early mixtapes and So Far Gone Being musically inspired by Jay-Z and Clipse, Drake self-released his debut mixtape, Room for Improvement, in 2006. The mixtape featured Trey Songz and Lupe Fiasco, and included vast production from Canadian producers Boi-1da and Frank Dukes. When asked about the mixtape, Drake described the project as \"pretty straightforward, radio friendly, [and] not much content to it.\" Room for Improvement was released for sale only and sold roughly 6,000 copies, for which Drake received $304.04 in royalties.", "Drake's fourth album, Views (2016), sat atop the Billboard 200 for 13 nonconsecutive weeks, becoming the first album by a male solo artist to do so in over a decade, and featured the chart record-setting lead single \"One Dance\". His second solo commercial mixtape, More Life (2017), set then-multiple streaming records, and in 2018, he released the double album Scorpion, which contained the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"God's Plan\", \"Nice for What\", and \"In My Feelings\"." ]

[ "On February 14, Drake re-released his third mixtape, So Far Gone, onto streaming services for the first time to commemorate its 10-year anniversary, and later collaborated with Summer Walker on a remix of Walker's song \"Girls Need Love\", marking his first release of 2019. On April 10, during a performance on the Assassination Vacation Tour, he announced he was working on a new album. On June 8, Drake appeared on Chris Brown's single \"No Guidance\".", "It debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, making Drake the first male artist to have three songs debut at number one. On May 1, 2020, Drake released the commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes, with guest appearances from Chris Brown, Future, Young Thug, Fivio Foreign, Playboi Carti, and Sosa Geek. He also announced that his sixth studio album would be released in the summer of 2020. The mixtape is a compilation of new songs and tracks that leaked on the internet.", "In January 2013, Drake announced that he would release the first single off his third album at the end of the 55th Annual Grammy Awards. Despite an initial delay, it was released in the wake of his win for the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the event, and it foresaw Drake announcing Nothing Was the Same as the title of his third album.", "A legal representative for the academy then released a statement stating \"a natural pause [led] the producers [to] assume that he was done and cut to commercial,\" and added the organization offered him an opportunity to return to stage, but he declined. On February 14, Drake re-released his third mixtape, So Far Gone, onto streaming services for the first time to commemorate its 10-year anniversary, and later collaborated with Summer Walker on a remix of Walker's song \"Girls Need Love\", marking his first release of 2019.", "On March 5, Drake released an EP titled Scary Hours 2, which includes three songs: \"What's Next\", \"Wants and Needs\" with Lil Baby, and \"Lemon Pepper Freestyle\" with Rick Ross. These three songs entered the charts at numbers one, two, and three, respectively, making Drake the first artist to have three songs debut in the top three on the Billboard Hot 100.", "He later collaborated with Drakeo the Ruler on the single \"Talk to Me\", which was released on February 23. On March 5, Drake released an EP titled Scary Hours 2, which includes three songs: \"What's Next\", \"Wants and Needs\" with Lil Baby, and \"Lemon Pepper Freestyle\" with Rick Ross.", "Seven additional dates were added a day later due to overwhelming demand. Soon after, during an episode of OVO Sound Radio, Drake confirmed he would be releasing a project titled More Life in December. However, he later pushed the date back to the new year. The project was described as a \"playlist of original music\", rather than being classified as a traditional mixtape or solo album.", "His second solo commercial mixtape, More Life (2017), set then-multiple streaming records, and in 2018, he released the double album Scorpion, which contained the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"God's Plan\", \"Nice for What\", and \"In My Feelings\". Leaving Young Money in 2018, Drake's third commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes was released in 2020, and featured the chart-topping \"Toosie Slide\".", "On February 29, Drake released the songs \"When to Say When\" and \"Chicago Freestyle\" with a combined music video. On April 3, he released \"Toosie Slide\" with a music video, which features a dance created in collaboration with social media influencer Toosie. It debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, making Drake the first male artist to have three songs debut at number one." ]

[ "Throughout the duration of the tour, Drake and Lil Wayne recorded multiple songs together, including \"Ransom\", \"Forever\", and a remix to \"Brand New\". In 2009, Drake released his third mixtape So Far Gone. It was made available for free download through his OVO blog website, and featured Lil Wayne, Trey Songz, Omarion, Lloyd, and Bun B.", "Early mixtapes and So Far Gone Being musically inspired by Jay-Z and Clipse, Drake self-released his debut mixtape, Room for Improvement, in 2006. The mixtape featured Trey Songz and Lupe Fiasco, and included vast production from Canadian producers Boi-1da and Frank Dukes. When asked about the mixtape, Drake described the project as \"pretty straightforward, radio friendly, [and] not much content to it.\" Room for Improvement was released for sale only and sold roughly 6,000 copies, for which Drake received $304.04 in royalties.", "On February 14, Drake re-released his third mixtape, So Far Gone, onto streaming services for the first time to commemorate its 10-year anniversary, and later collaborated with Summer Walker on a remix of Walker's song \"Girls Need Love\", marking his first release of 2019. On April 10, during a performance on the Assassination Vacation Tour, he announced he was working on a new album. On June 8, Drake appeared on Chris Brown's single \"No Guidance\".", "It also achieved double-platinum status in the U.S., and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release, as well as gaining over half-billion overall streams of the album. Despite its success, critical opinion towards the album remained much divided, drawing criticism for being overlong and lacking in a cohesive theme, while also claiming Drake was not challenging himself artistically, as opposed to his contemporaries.", "Despite debate on whether it was an album or a mixtape, its commercial stance quantifies it as his fourth retail project with Cash Money Records, a scheme that was rumoured to allow Drake to leave the label. However, he eventually remained with Cash Money, and If You're Reading This It's Too Late sold over 1 million units in 2015, making Drake the first artist with a platinum project in 2015, as well as his fourth overall.", "A legal representative for the academy then released a statement stating \"a natural pause [led] the producers [to] assume that he was done and cut to commercial,\" and added the organization offered him an opportunity to return to stage, but he declined. On February 14, Drake re-released his third mixtape, So Far Gone, onto streaming services for the first time to commemorate its 10-year anniversary, and later collaborated with Summer Walker on a remix of Walker's song \"Girls Need Love\", marking his first release of 2019.", "John McDonnell of NME dubbed it \"an affecting masterpiece\" and commended its \"delicate, mellifluous sound and unashamedly candid, emotive lyrics.\" Pitchforks Ryan Dombal found Drake's \"technical abilities\" to be improved and stated, \"Just as his thematic concerns have become richer, so has the music backing them up.\" Andy Hutchins of The Village Voice called it \"a carefully crafted bundle of contradictory sentiments from a conflicted rapper who explores his own neuroses in as compelling a manner as anyone not named Kanye West.\"", "Drake released his debut studio album, Thank Me Later, in 2010, which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. He achieved major critical success with Take Care (2011) and commercial success with Nothing Was the Same (2013) and his first commercial mixtape, If You're Reading This It's Too Late (2015); the latter two were certified multi-platinum in the US.", "This prompted the mixtape's re-release as an EP, featuring only four songs from the original, as well as the additions of the songs \"I'm Goin' In\" and \"Fear\". It debuted at number six on the Billboard 200, and won the Rap Recording of the Year at the 2010 Juno Awards. Due to the success of the mixtape, Drake was the subject of a bidding war from various labels, often reported as \"one of the biggest bidding wars ever\".", "It debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, making Drake the first male artist to have three songs debut at number one. On May 1, 2020, Drake released the commercial mixtape Dark Lane Demo Tapes, with guest appearances from Chris Brown, Future, Young Thug, Fivio Foreign, Playboi Carti, and Sosa Geek. He also announced that his sixth studio album would be released in the summer of 2020. The mixtape is a compilation of new songs and tracks that leaked on the internet." ]

[ "This prompted the mixtape's re-release as an EP, featuring only four songs from the original, as well as the additions of the songs \"I'm Goin' In\" and \"Fear\". It debuted at number six on the Billboard 200, and won the Rap Recording of the Year at the 2010 Juno Awards. Due to the success of the mixtape, Drake was the subject of a bidding war from various labels, often reported as \"one of the biggest bidding wars ever\".", "It also achieved double-platinum status in the U.S., and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release, as well as gaining over half-billion overall streams of the album. Despite its success, critical opinion towards the album remained much divided, drawing criticism for being overlong and lacking in a cohesive theme, while also claiming Drake was not challenging himself artistically, as opposed to his contemporaries.", "Throughout the duration of the tour, Drake and Lil Wayne recorded multiple songs together, including \"Ransom\", \"Forever\", and a remix to \"Brand New\". In 2009, Drake released his third mixtape So Far Gone. It was made available for free download through his OVO blog website, and featured Lil Wayne, Trey Songz, Omarion, Lloyd, and Bun B.", "Early mixtapes and So Far Gone Being musically inspired by Jay-Z and Clipse, Drake self-released his debut mixtape, Room for Improvement, in 2006. The mixtape featured Trey Songz and Lupe Fiasco, and included vast production from Canadian producers Boi-1da and Frank Dukes. When asked about the mixtape, Drake described the project as \"pretty straightforward, radio friendly, [and] not much content to it.\" Room for Improvement was released for sale only and sold roughly 6,000 copies, for which Drake received $304.04 in royalties.", "The project was described as a \"playlist of original music\", rather than being classified as a traditional mixtape or solo album. He was later revealed to be Spotify's most streamed artist for the second consecutive year in 2016, amassing a total 4.7 billion streams for all projects on the service, which is more than double the amount of streams he had in 2015. Drake later secured his second and third Grammy Awards, winning for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song at the 59th ceremony.", "The song was also featured on the channel's \"Pop Songs You Must Hear\" list of 2011. \"HYFR\" was the final single to be released from the album, and became certified Gold. It also won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Hip-Hop Video in 2012, and the channel ranked him number two on their \"Hottest MCs in the Game\" list. On August 5, 2012, Drake released \"Enough Said\", performed by American recording artist Aaliyah featuring additional vocals provided by himself.", "Drake later secured his second and third Grammy Awards, winning for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song at the 59th ceremony. Despite multiple setbacks, Drake announced More Life would be released on March 18, 2017, via a series of multiple video commercials released through Instagram. Upon release, More Life received mostly positive reviews, and debuted atop the Billboard 200, earning 505,000 album-equivalent units in its first week.", "Despite debate on whether it was an album or a mixtape, its commercial stance quantifies it as his fourth retail project with Cash Money Records, a scheme that was rumoured to allow Drake to leave the label. However, he eventually remained with Cash Money, and If You're Reading This It's Too Late sold over 1 million units in 2015, making Drake the first artist with a platinum project in 2015, as well as his fourth overall.", "A legal representative for the academy then released a statement stating \"a natural pause [led] the producers [to] assume that he was done and cut to commercial,\" and added the organization offered him an opportunity to return to stage, but he declined. On February 14, Drake re-released his third mixtape, So Far Gone, onto streaming services for the first time to commemorate its 10-year anniversary, and later collaborated with Summer Walker on a remix of Walker's song \"Girls Need Love\", marking his first release of 2019.", "John McDonnell of NME dubbed it \"an affecting masterpiece\" and commended its \"delicate, mellifluous sound and unashamedly candid, emotive lyrics.\" Pitchforks Ryan Dombal found Drake's \"technical abilities\" to be improved and stated, \"Just as his thematic concerns have become richer, so has the music backing them up.\" Andy Hutchins of The Village Voice called it \"a carefully crafted bundle of contradictory sentiments from a conflicted rapper who explores his own neuroses in as compelling a manner as anyone not named Kanye West.\"" ]