Datasets:

justram

/

enwiki-20221101-sections

like 0

projected-04044762-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Introduction

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

projected-04044762-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Planning (1991–2004)

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

The original airport serving Bangalore was , located from the city centre. It was the primary airport serving Bangalore city until 2008. Originally established in 1942 for military and defence purposes, HAL began domestic operations for the first time in the late 1970s. The unexpected popularity of the newly offered domestic flights encouraged rapid expansion of the airport. In the late 1990s, the first international flights started. was the first airline to offer international flights, flying to . In 2000, the first foreign airline started operations from HAL Airport, with to , followed by a year later from . Several other major international carriers such as and were already serving the old airport by 2005. However, as Bangalore grew into the and passenger traffic to the city rose, HAL Airport with a single runway and limited aircraft parking space was unable to cope with this increased traffic. In 2007 it saw a footfall of 8 million passengers, more than double its original capacity of 3.6 million. There was no room for expansion and the could only park six aircraft. In March 1991, former chairman of the (NAAI) S. Ramanathan convened a panel to select the site for a new airport. The panel decided on , a village about north of Bangalore. The made a proposal to build the airport with private assistance, which the approved in 1994. Finally in 1995, (AAI) and decided to call for international consortia to own, build and operate the new Greenfield airport of the city. In December 1995, a consortium of , and signed a with the State Government regarding participation in the project. In June 1998, however, the consortium announced it was pulling out of the project due to delays in government approval. These included disputes over the location of the airport and the fate of HAL Airport. In May 1999, the (AAI) and the Karnataka State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (KSIIDC) of the State Government signed a memorandum of understanding regarding the nature of the project. It would be a , with AAI and KSIIDC having a 26% share and private companies having the remaining 74%. In January 2001, the State Government created the company Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL) as a and began searching for partners. By November, the project had attracted , and . Construction was expected to begin in October 2002; however, governmental delays persisted. The between the State Government, the Union Government and BIAL was signed in July 2004. In it, BIAL required the closure of HAL Airport. It took nearly a decade from the initial stage of land allocation and acquisition, to signing of shareholder agreements in 2002 and until start of construction. During the formation of legal framework, BIAL's main observation was the unprecedented growth that aviation industry faced.

projected-04044762-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Designing

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

BIAL, when the project was first designated, had anticipated traffic of approximately 5 million in the first year of operations in 2008. However, had handled over 8 million passengers by the time the construction of the new greenfield airport started. It took more than nine months to redesign the process along with gaining the necessary approvals, and when the approval for increased project was sanctioned, the construction was half done. The project was well on track despite the challenge and was expected to be ready by its initial given open date. The revised increased capacity project was constructed to cater to eleven million passengers per annum, up from the previous plan of 5 million passengers per annum. BIAL increased project had plans to build a terminal with eight passengers boarding bridges, one double arm aerobridge, nine remote bus gates and a runway measuring 4,000 metres with efficient taxiways. BIAL also planned to build an apron with 42 Code-C aircraft stands (with eight contact stands) as well as an air- and land-side road system. The estimated cost for the entire project was Rs 1,930 crore (approximately US$430 million).

projected-04044762-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Construction and opening (2005–2008)

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

Construction finally commenced on 2 July 2005. When a study predicted the airport would receive 6.7 million passengers in 2008, the airport was redesigned from its initial capacity of 4.5 million passengers to 11 million, with the terminal size expanded and the number of aircraft stands increased. The cost of the airport rose to . Construction was completed in 32 months, and BIAL set the launch date for 30 March 2008. However, due to delays in establishing services at the airport, the launch date was pushed to 11 May and finally 24 May 2008. As the opening date for the airport approached, public criticism arose, mainly directed toward the closure of HAL Airport. In March 2008, AAI employees conducted a massive strike against the closure of HAL Airport along with in Hyderabad, fearing they would lose their jobs. The Bangalore City Connect Foundation, a group of citizens and businessmen, staged a rally in mid-May, claiming the new airport was too small for the latest demand projections. On 23 May, a hearing was held at the over poor connectivity between the city and the airport. Ultimately, the State Government decided to go ahead with inaugurating the new airport and closing HAL Airport. The first flight to the airport, Air India Flight 609 from , was allowed to land the previous night as it would be continuing to Singapore shortly after midnight. The aircraft touched down at 10:40 pm on 23 May. The airport became the third under a public–private partnership to open in India, after in Hyderabad and .

projected-04044762-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Renaming and expansion (2009–present)

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

The original name of the airport was Bengaluru International Airport. In February 2009, the State Government sent a proposal to the Union Government to rename the airport after the founder of Bangalore, . When no action was taken, the State Government passed a resolution for the name change in December 2011. The Union Government accepted the proposal in 2012 and formally approved it in July 2013. The airport was officially renamed Kempegowda International Airport on 14 December 2013 amid the inauguration of the expanded terminal building. once operated a and was one of the largest airlines at the airport. Following its collapse in October 2012, other airlines stepped in to fill the gap in domestic connectivity by adding more flights. In addition, and launched hub operations at the airport in 2014. The first phase of expansion was launched in June 2011 and finished in December 2013. The project doubled the size of the passenger terminal to , involving the construction of additional facilities for check-in, immigration, security and baggage reclaim. One domestic gate and three international gates were added as well. A large, sweeping roof connects the original building with the expanded areas. The expanded terminal, dubbed "Terminal 1A", has raised the annual passenger capacity of the airport to 25 million. In September 2022, began flying to with Airbus A330s. This is the first nonstop service between Bangalore and Australia. Using Boeing 777 aircraft, will start a scheduled flight to three months later.

projected-04044762-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Ownership

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

The airport is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The Government of India has granted BIAL the right to operate the airport for 30 years, with the option to continue for another 30 years. The company is a venture. initially owned 43% of the in Bangalore Airport. In 2016, GVK decided to divest its 33% share of in BIAL to for ₹2149 cr. In March 2017, GVK confirmed having done so. Finally, in January 2018, GVK decided to sell the remaining 10% shares to Fairfax Financial for ₹1,290 crore and exit Bangalore Airport completely. 26% is held by government entities (13%) and (13%), and 74% is held by private companies (54%) and (20%). In March 2021 the Airports Authority of India announced their plans to sell their 13% stake in order to raise funds. Between FY 2022–2025, the Government aims to raise as much as ₹20,782 crore through aviation. The process will start with the selling of stakes of Bangalore Airport followed by Hyderabad, Mumbai and Delhi.

projected-04044762-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Runways

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

Kempegowda International Airport has two in use. Runway 09L/27R: , , equipped. Runway 09R/27L: , , equipped. Four years after it was laid, the first runway (now designated 09L/27R) was entirely resurfaced because of a serious decline in quality. From 11 March to 3 April 2012, it was closed daily between 10:30 am and 5:30 pm. As a result, BIAL accused construction company of building the runway poorly. South of runway 09L/27R are a full-length parallel taxiway and the , which extends from the Blue Dart/DHL terminal to the passenger terminal. The construction of the second runway at the airport is now complete, and was officially in use from 6 December 2019, when an IndiGo airlines flight (6E 466) to Hyderabad took off from runway 09R. The runway will cater to all types of aircraft including Code-F aircraft like and and will be equipped with . The runway also features an associated parallel taxiway and two cross-field taxiways on the east linking the new runway to the existing north runway and the aprons at Terminal 1 and the upcoming Terminal 2. The first runway (09L/27R) was also upgraded as part of the expansion work. The old runway (Runway 09L/27R) was closed from 22 June 2020 for nine months for rehabilitation and strengthening. The runway was opened for service again on 31 March 2021 and put into service with the south runway, making KIA the first airport in South India to have parallel runway operations.

projected-04044762-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Terminals

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

A single integrated passenger terminal accommodates both domestic and international operations. It covers and can handle 20 million passengers annually. Check-in and baggage reclaim are situated on the lower floor, while departure gates are located on the first floor. Gates 1, 2, 12–18, 28–30 on the first floor are used for domestic departures, gates 31–42 on the first floor are used for international departures, gates 3–9 and gates 19–25 form the Western and Eastern bus gates respectively. Gate 41–42 is equipped to serve the world's largest passenger aircraft, the . are provided by Travel Food Services, which also operates a transit hotel in the terminal. For VIPs there is a separate lounge.

projected-04044762-010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Expansion

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

Under the second phase of the airport's expansion, a new terminal called Terminal 2 is being built. The new terminal has been designed by architectural firm and is being built by .

projected-04044762-011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Aviation fuel services

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

The airport has a fuel farm, spread over west of the cargo village and passenger terminal. It was built by but is shared by multiple oil companies. In October 2008, commissioned a fuel between its storage terminal in Devanagonthi and Kempegowda Airport. Previously, had to be transported to the airport by s, which created traffic and pollution problems.

projected-04044762-012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Cargo facilities

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

Kempegowda Airport has three cargo terminals. One is operated by Ltd and has a capacity for of cargo; it includes a facility for storing . and jointly operate a terminal. BIAL inaugurated a separate cargo village in December 2008. The village is spread over and includes office space, conference rooms, a cafeteria for staff and parking space for nearly 80 trucks. It did not open for occupation until 2010 and initially suffered low occupancy, which some cargo agents attributed to the opening delay, high rent and limited infrastructure.

projected-04044762-013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Transit Hotel

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

The 080 Transit Hotel, a niche boutique hotel, was created to provide a comfortable and convenient accommodation option for transit passengers. It offers a flexible hourly rate, which can be used by travelers between long layovers. Located within Terminal 1, the transit hotel is operated by Travel Food Services.

projected-04044762-014

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Airport Hotel

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

operates Taj Bangalore, which is located 500m away from Terminal 1. Taj Bangalore offers a range of luxurious rooms, restaurants and banquet facilities.

projected-04044762-015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Lounges

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

There are two lounges in the Airport, the 080 Domestic and the 080 International lounges. Named "080" after the trunk dial code of the city of Bengaluru, the lounges aim to pay an ode to the Garden City of Bengaluru with local artistry, culture inspired interiors and botanical elements, each zone in the lounge is carefully crafted to bring alive the stories of the city it’s inspired by. Both the lounges are operated by Travel Food Services.

projected-04044762-016

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Central Kitchen

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

Food services provider SATS proposed to setup their first central kitchen, a 14,000sqm facility with an investment of Rs. 210 crore to cater to the demand in the region. SATS already has a long standing partnership with the airport through its aviation catering associate Taj SATS and ground handling associate AISATS. The facility will be located at the Kempegowda International Airport and is expected to be operational in the year 2022.

projected-04044762-017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Other facilities

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

has its head office on the ground floor of the Alpha 3 building on the airport property.

projected-04044762-018

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

IndiGo Ifly Training Academy

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

On 4 September 2019, 's leading airline, announced that it will extend its learning academy, ifly to Bangalore, its 2nd such facility in India. The facility will be built in the Airport campus. Starting 6 September 2019, ifly facilitated training to the airline employees. With over 27,000 employees, there are over 100 instructors in the academy, who conducts workshops on regular basis. The Ifly learning academy of IndiGo Airlines facilitates special trainings throughout the year to its employees including required skills for job performance, customer services, ramp and marshalling training, safety and emergency procedures, departure control system, communication and leadership training and e-learning to name the few.

projected-04044762-019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

IndiGo Maintenance Repair and Overhaul Facility

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

Interglobe Aviation Ltd., which operates India's largest airline opened their second facility to service their fleet of predominantly aircraft. The facility, which has a volume of around 218,000 ft.², will have capacity for narrow-body aircraft and house a single bay catering for widebody aircraft. The MRO is completed and is operational since August 2022.

projected-04044762-020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Future plans

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

The second phase of expansion is underway, which encompasses the construction of a second runway and passenger terminal. When complete, Kempegowda International Airport will be able to handle 55 million passengers per year. The estimated project received clearance from the (MoEFCC) in September 2014. Ground work on the second runway began in February 2016 and the runway opened in December 2019. Located south of the original terminal, it is parallel to runway 09/27 and measures , wider than the original runway so it can accommodate larger aircraft. The new runway is also certified, allowing for landings in fog and other low visibility conditions. A second terminal is being constructed to meet the airport's expected growth, and it will be constructed in two phases. This terminal has been designed by , and the construction contract has been awarded to . In the first phase, the terminal will cater to 25 million passengers annually. Terminal 2 is estimated to cost . Due to the , which caused a shortage of manpower and resulted in delays of work, Terminal 2 is now confirmed to be completed and opened by November 2022. All international flights will be operated from the new terminal. A third runway, north of the current runway is being planned to cater to the growth of air traffic in the airport which will be situated 1500 meters north of the current runway. Dubbed as the "New North Parallel Runway", the officials hope to ease air traffic congestion with the third runway.

projected-04044762-026

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Road

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

Kempegowda Airport is connected to the city of Bangalore by (NH 44). In January 2014, a six-lane was completed over NH 44 between and the airport, helping to reduce travel time to and from the city. Two alternative routes are under construction and will be completed by March 2017, one through and the other through Hennur. The airport car park is located at ground level and can hold 2,000 vehicles. The airport is served by several taxi and rental car companies. In addition, ride-sharing companies and have their own pick-up zones outside the terminal. The (BMTC) provides bus transportation to major parts of the city through the Vayu Vajra ( for "Diamond in the Air") service. It is operated using a fleet of buses. In addition, the (KSRTC) operates a nonstop bus service called "Flybus" between Kempegowda Airport and , as well as a route to via .

projected-04044762-027

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Rail

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

A at the KIA boundary commenced operations in January 2021. The train halt is connected to the airport terminal via short five-minute shuttle busses. Every day five trains from the city towards stop at the KIA halt and five trains head back. Future plans include of the route to introduce comfortable MEMU trains to the airport. MEMU trains from that terminate at could be extended up to Devanahalli via the KIA halt station, benefitting airport-bound passengers from Mysore, Channapatna, Ramanagaram and Bidadi.

projected-04044762-028

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

Metro

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

The plan to build a metro link between Bangalore and the airport with two stations at the airport was revived in 2020 and is now under construction. In January 2019, Karnataka Government approved the Bangalore Airport Metro line. The project which is envisioned to link with the airport is under Phase 2B of , and is 37 km long. The blue line also known as Line-5 (KR Puram-Hebbal-Kempegowda International Airport) will have 17 stations as an extension of Line-5 (ORR Line) via KR Puram, Nagawara, Hebbal And Yelahanka. The project is estimated to be completed by December 2024. There are two metro stops being built in the airport campus, one near the upcoming , which will be partly elevated and the other one in the opposite the upcoming . The cost of building these two stations is estimated to be Rs 800 crore. The total cost of the project is expected to be Rs14,788 Crores. To ensure last-mile connectivity for passengers, a service road will be provided around the Metro Stations in the Airport premises, for integration with BMTC buses. Plans are to build a 6m wide road.

projected-04044762-029

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempegowda%20International%20Airport

Kempegowda International Airport

High Speed Rail Link (HSRL)

Kempegowda International Airport is an serving , the capital of , . Spread over , it is located about north of the city near the suburb of . It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a . The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at , the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after , the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully ed airport developed by CleanMax Solar. Kempegowda International Airport is the , air traffic movements and domestic and total cargo handled in India, behind the airports in and , and is the . In the FY 2021–22, the airport handled around 16.2 million passengers and of cargo. The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019. A second terminal (Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for , , , , and and is a focus city for and . The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in in 2020 by .

In August 2021, declared plans of building a connecting the airport and the city. If constructed, the airport will be connected by three different railway lines: the , and High-speed rail, making it a distinctive airport connected with all three (modes of transportation). This is not the first time this is planned. Plans to build an HSRL was earlier planned in 2001 and was revived again in 2013, but was shelved both times due to issues in land acquisition and high costs involved. More recently, the plan has been revived, as the Chief Minister believes that this has been their dream and they are going to get it done as no international airport in the world has got all three (modes of transportation).

projected-04044763-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Serranos

Los Serranos

Introduction

Los Serranos (: Serrans) is a in the of , , . It is part of the Spanish-speaking area in the Valencian Community. Geographically and historically (Xera) was part of this comarca. Nowadays, according to the current administrative division pattern of the Valencian Community, Chera is officially part of the comarca.

projected-04044766-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20Centre-Whitney%20Pier

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier

Introduction

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier, formerly Cape Breton Centre is a provincial in , , , that elects one member of the . Its is . The district consists of the area around , including , , , , , , , , , , . It was created in 1925 when the counties of Cape Breton and Richmond were divided into three electoral districts. In 2003, it expanded west to include . In 2013, it gained South Bar, Lingan Road, and part of Grand Lake Road from . It was re-named Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier for the .

projected-04044766-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20Centre-Whitney%20Pier

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier

Members of the Legislative Assembly

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier, formerly Cape Breton Centre is a provincial in , , , that elects one member of the . Its is . The district consists of the area around , including , , , , , , , , , , . It was created in 1925 when the counties of Cape Breton and Richmond were divided into three electoral districts. In 2003, it expanded west to include . In 2013, it gained South Bar, Lingan Road, and part of Grand Lake Road from . It was re-named Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier for the .

This riding has elected the following :

projected-04044766-029

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20Centre-Whitney%20Pier

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier

2013 general election

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier, formerly Cape Breton Centre is a provincial in , , , that elects one member of the . Its is . The district consists of the area around , including , , , , , , , , , , . It was created in 1925 when the counties of Cape Breton and Richmond were divided into three electoral districts. In 2003, it expanded west to include . In 2013, it gained South Bar, Lingan Road, and part of Grand Lake Road from . It was re-named Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier for the .

| | |align="right"|3,440 |align="right"|45.29 |align="right"|-33.25 |- | | |align="right"|3,282 |align="right"|43.21 |align="right"|+30.71 |- | |Edna Lee |align="right"|873 |align="right"|11.49 |align="right"|+4.14 |}

projected-04044766-034

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20Centre-Whitney%20Pier

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier

References

Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier, formerly Cape Breton Centre is a provincial in , , , that elects one member of the . Its is . The district consists of the area around , including , , , , , , , , , , . It was created in 1925 when the counties of Cape Breton and Richmond were divided into three electoral districts. In 2003, it expanded west to include . In 2013, it gained South Bar, Lingan Road, and part of Grand Lake Road from . It was re-named Cape Breton Centre-Whitney Pier for the .

Elections Nova Scotia, Summary Results from 1867 to 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (October 30, 1956). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (June 7, 1960). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (October 8, 1963). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (May 30, 1967). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (October 13, 1970). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (April 2, 1974). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (September 19, 1978). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (October 6, 1981). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (November 6, 1984). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (September 6, 1988). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Return of By-Elections for the House of Assembly 1989 and 1990. Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (May 25, 1993). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (March 24, 1998). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (July 27, 1999). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (August 5, 2003). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Results and Statistics (June 13, 2006). Retrieved June 28, 2014 Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Poll by Poll Results (June 9, 2009). Retrieved June 28, 2014

projected-04044776-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Introduction

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

projected-04044776-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

History

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

In 1903, Ezra G. Valentine developed that land into a summer retreat called Valentine's Camp. In 1905 the park was left to Valentine's children, John Alden and Miss Blanche, who later sold the land to Fred A. Everts. Everts sold the Valentine camp to F.E. Murphy who owned and operated the Minneapolis Tribune. Murphy renamed the land Glendalough, after a monastery in Ireland. With the depression in the 1930s and land becoming available for purchase, Murphy expanded the camp and started a game farm. In 1941, Glendalough, along with the Minneapolis Tribune, was purchased by Cowles Media Company, which was partially owned by Glendalough Game Farm hosted important individuals such as President , President and Vice President during its time. On Earth Day in 1990, the land was donated to by , and in 1992 the title was transferred to the State of Minnesota. While that transfer took place in June, celebrations of the park's anniversary are held around .

projected-04044776-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

2004 and 2005 blowdown

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

In August 2004, a with straight-line winds came through the area, causing severe damage to the landscape. As a result of this devastating incident, the park was closed to the public for a week to clean up debris left by the storm. Less than ten months later, in 2005, Glendalough State Park was hit by another thunderstorm resulting in damage. Following the 2005 storm, the state park was able to remain open with aid from the staff and volunteers of the park. The staff and volunteers used signs and notices warning park visitors of hazards of downed trees throughout the park.

projected-04044776-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Recreation

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

Glendalough State Park has many forms of recreation facilities that are provided to park visitors, including fishing, camping, hiking, birding, picture taking, boating, kayaking and canoeing. The park has a Historic Lodge where former Presidents and , and former Vice President stayed when they visited Glendalough State Park. While camping at Glendalough State Park, it is highly advised that any food be stored into a food locker that the park provides with the site. The park discourage visitors from storing their food in the tents because the wildlife can easily tear open the tents and get to the food.

projected-04044776-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Lodging

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

Glendalough State Park has the historic Glendalough Lodge at the park. The lodge is rented out to parties for tours or family gatherings. The state park also has the Trail Center near the Glendalough Lodge.

projected-04044776-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Camping

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

At Glendalough State Park, there are three sites designated for camping. The west shore of Annie Battle Lake, between south Annie Battle Lake and North of Molly Stark Lake and on the Southeast corner of Annie Battle Lake.

projected-04044776-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Picnicking and swimming

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

Glendalough offers picnicking and swimming areas, often with solitude. Glendalough has two swimming areas for the visitors: on the north shore of Annie Battle Lake near the historic Lodge and Trail Center, and on the north shore of Molly Stark Lake near the Picnic Shelter.

projected-04044776-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Cart-in site

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

The campsite along the west side of Annie Battle Lake is designated as a cart-in campground. The state park wants the park visitors to have a primitive setting while camping. This location has four cabins; four electric cabins with one of the cabins being designated as handicapped accessible for the park visitors who need these accommodations.

projected-04044776-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Group camp

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

There is one group camp site in the state park: along the creek that flows from Molly Stark Lake to Annie Battle Lake. The group camp is designated for more than seven people for a regular site but no more than 45.

projected-04044776-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Canoe-in campground

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

The canoe-in campsites is one of the primitive settings that Glendalough State Park has to offer. Over at the canoe-in sites are three tent sites and two . Glendalough State Park is one of three state parks in Minnesota to have yurts available for campers to stay in.

projected-04044776-010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Rustic camping

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

Between and , the facility at the main shuts down for the season for a more rustic style of living.

projected-04044776-012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Plant life

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

Glendalough State Park has a few restored acres of land designated as prairie restoration. Within this restoration land, prairie plants such as , , and may be found.

projected-04044776-013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Wildlife

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

Wildlife at Glendalough State Park consists of , , s, s, s, , s, s, s, es, s, , s and s.

projected-04044776-015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough%20State%20Park

Glendalough State Park

Further reading

Glendalough State Park is a of , USA, in near close to . It is named after in . The park was once used as a resort and game farm by the owners of , owner of what is today the newspaper. The park contains on land and on the water. Cowles Media Company transferred title to Glendalough to the Nature Conservancy in 1990, and the Nature Conservancy transferred title to the State of Minnesota in 1992. Glendalough was officially declared a state park with a celebration on , April 22, 1992.

Glendalough State Park pamphlet handout 2008 Otter Tail County Recorder's Office

projected-04044779-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekend%20Live

Weekend Live

Introduction

Weekend Live is an American / television program on . The program featured news story updates from correspondents, analysis from a number of different regular contributors, interviews with newsmakers of the week, and regular subject specific segments. Compared to other programming on the network, it didn't feature a segment, but does have regular one-minute "Fox Real Time" news recaps. Broadcast live from the network's studios from 2:00-4:00 p.m. Saturday and 12:00–2:00 p.m. Sunday , the show was hosted by . The show had been previously hosted by from 2002 until 2003 on both ends of the weekend, and from 2003 until his departure to join the , on Saturdays, followed by . Correspondents such as and served as hosts during its later run. In March 2008, the program was rebranded as during the campaign. It was rebranded as after the election.

projected-04044783-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20the%20Mississippi

Miss the Mississippi

Introduction

Miss the Mississippi is an by singer . Released in September 1979, it peaked at #3 on the Billboard Country Albums chart. The album was her first album for , and contained three Country top ten hits; "Half the Way" (#2), "It's Like We Never Said Goodbye" (#1) and "The Blue Side" (#8). "Half the Way" also reached #15 on the pop chart. The album was certified by the in 1980.

projected-04044783-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20the%20Mississippi

Miss the Mississippi

Personnel

Miss the Mississippi is an by singer . Released in September 1979, it peaked at #3 on the Billboard Country Albums chart. The album was her first album for , and contained three Country top ten hits; "Half the Way" (#2), "It's Like We Never Said Goodbye" (#1) and "The Blue Side" (#8). "Half the Way" also reached #15 on the pop chart. The album was certified by the in 1980.

, (tracks: A4, A5) – , Joe Allan (track: B2), (tracks A3 to A5), Spady Brannan (tracks A1, A2, B1, B3, B4), (track B5) – Charles Cochran, , Bobby Wood – Chris Leuzinger, Jerry McEwen, Billy Sanford, Rod Smarr, Barry "Byrd" Burton – s – on (track B5) Billy Puett, Denis Solee – Roger Bissell, Dennis Good, Rex Peer, Terry Williams – – (track: B3) Crystal Gayle - backing vocals (tracks A2 to A4, B4) Crystal Gayle, Garth Fundis, - backing vocals (track B1) Allen Reynolds, Crystal Gayle, Garth Fundis, Frank Saulino, , , Spady Brannan - (track A1) Vickie Carrico, Pebble Daniel, Allen Reynolds, Marcia Routh, Crystal Gayle – backing vocals (track A5) Pebble Daniel, Marcia Routh, Crystal Gayle, Vickie Carrico - backing vocals (track B4) Cover photographs by

projected-04044783-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20the%20Mississippi

Miss the Mississippi

Production

Miss the Mississippi is an by singer . Released in September 1979, it peaked at #3 on the Billboard Country Albums chart. The album was her first album for , and contained three Country top ten hits; "Half the Way" (#2), "It's Like We Never Said Goodbye" (#1) and "The Blue Side" (#8). "Half the Way" also reached #15 on the pop chart. The album was certified by the in 1980.

by Recorded and by

projected-04044789-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20Nova

Cape Breton Nova

Introduction

Cape Breton Nova is a former provincial in , which existed between 1956 and 2013. It elected one member to the . In its last configuration, the district included the northern parts of including , as well as a small area of Cape Breton County, all within the . The district was created in 1956. In 1993, it gained the Ashby area between Welton Street and Ashby Road from and the Grand Lake Road area from . It lost the Scotchtown and River Ryan/Lingan areas to . In 2003, it lost the New Victoria area and gained part of northern Sydney. In 2013, Cape Breton Nova was absorbed by Cape Breton Centre, , and .

projected-04044789-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20Nova

Cape Breton Nova

Members of the Legislative Assembly

Cape Breton Nova is a former provincial in , which existed between 1956 and 2013. It elected one member to the . In its last configuration, the district included the northern parts of including , as well as a small area of Cape Breton County, all within the . The district was created in 1956. In 1993, it gained the Ashby area between Welton Street and Ashby Road from and the Grand Lake Road area from . It lost the Scotchtown and River Ryan/Lingan areas to . In 2003, it lost the New Victoria area and gained part of northern Sydney. In 2013, Cape Breton Nova was absorbed by Cape Breton Centre, , and .

The electoral district was represented by the following :

projected-04044797-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20South

Cape Breton South

Introduction

Cape Breton South may refer to either of two s in , Canada: , a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1911 and from 1925 to 1968 , a provincial electoral district from 1933 to 2013

projected-04044802-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Should%20Be%20Together%20%28album%29

We Should Be Together (album)

Introduction

We Should Be Together is an by singer . Allen Reynolds returned to produce this album, and released on June 19, 1979, it was her sixth and final album for . It peaked at #9 on the Country Albums chart, with two of its tracks reaching the Top Ten Country Singles chart: "" (#7) and "" (#5). The album title comes from the album's last song, written by , and which was previously a hit single for in 1974.

projected-04044802-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Should%20Be%20Together%20%28album%29

We Should Be Together (album)

Personnel

We Should Be Together is an by singer . Allen Reynolds returned to produce this album, and released on June 19, 1979, it was her sixth and final album for . It peaked at #9 on the Country Albums chart, with two of its tracks reaching the Top Ten Country Singles chart: "" (#7) and "" (#5). The album title comes from the album's last song, written by , and which was previously a hit single for in 1974.

Crystal Gayle Chris Leuzinger, David Kirby, Jimmy Colvard, , Rod Smarr, - guitar - steel guitar - fiddle , Joe Allen, Spady Brannan - bass Bobby Wood, Dwight Scott, - keyboards Charles Cochran - keyboards, string and horn arrangements Gene Chrisman, Jimmy Isbell, , Steve Krawczyn - drums Dennis Good, Don Sheffield - horns , - backing vocals The Shelly Kurland Strings - strings

projected-04044806-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Jangueo

El Jangueo

Introduction

El Jangueo (Hanging) was a popular radio morning . It was hosted by entertainers () and Frederick Martinez, "" (). "El Jangueo" aired from , New York's official station. The show is no longer on the air. Some of their comments could be seen to include , and remarks about various religious groups and genders - though one of their trademarks was that they made fun of everybody equally, even themselves. They were believed to be two of the highest-paid Hispanic radio personalities in the . El Jangueo was a high energy show full of jokes, pranks, news, and interviews. Almost every major Latino celebrity and personality had been a guest on the show. The show was from 3:00 to 7:00 p.m. when first launched on Latino Mix 105.9, and became the number one Spanish show, dominating one of the most significant demographics (18-34 ), even against English-language stations. "El Jangueo", changed to the morning 6:00 to 10:00 am slot, after Latino Mix switched format to La Kalle 105.9.

projected-04044824-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20South%20%28provincial%20electoral%20district%29

Cape Breton South (provincial electoral district)

Introduction

Cape Breton South is a former provincial in , which existed from 1933 to 2013. It elected one member of the . In its last configuration, the district included and its western suburbs until the and south along the until . In 1933, the County of Cape Breton was divided into five electoral districts, one of which was named Cape Breton South. In 2003, it lost part of the Ashby area to and gained Balls Creek and the Coxheath area. Following the 2012 electoral boundary review, the district was dissolved into , and .

projected-04044824-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20South%20%28provincial%20electoral%20district%29

Cape Breton South (provincial electoral district)

Members of the Legislative Assembly

Cape Breton South is a former provincial in , which existed from 1933 to 2013. It elected one member of the . In its last configuration, the district included and its western suburbs until the and south along the until . In 1933, the County of Cape Breton was divided into five electoral districts, one of which was named Cape Breton South. In 2003, it lost part of the Ashby area to and gained Balls Creek and the Coxheath area. Following the 2012 electoral boundary review, the district was dissolved into , and .

The electoral district was represented by the following :

projected-04044824-025

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Breton%20South%20%28provincial%20electoral%20district%29

Cape Breton South (provincial electoral district)

References

Cape Breton South is a former provincial in , which existed from 1933 to 2013. It elected one member of the . In its last configuration, the district included and its western suburbs until the and south along the until . In 1933, the County of Cape Breton was divided into five electoral districts, one of which was named Cape Breton South. In 2003, it lost part of the Ashby area to and gained Balls Creek and the Coxheath area. Following the 2012 electoral boundary review, the district was dissolved into , and .

Elections Nova Scotia, Complete Poll by Poll Results (June 9, 2009). Retrieved August 5, 2009

projected-04044830-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Introduction

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

projected-04044830-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Programs

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

The Black Star Project has a selection of diverse programs for children, parents, and community members listed on the Black Star Project's official website. The academic programs that are offered for African American youth include Saturday University, Math Boot Camp, Private Tutoring and reading academy. There are also parent programs like the Million Father's March, Father's Club and Parent University. The mentoring programs and special events are put in place in order to bring the African American and Latino communities together. In the end, the organization hopes to improve the lives of African American youth by focusing on education reform and fair discipline policies. On June 24th, 2017, the Black Star Project started their fourth annual ceremony for black males’ graduation. At a Mass Black Male Graduation and a Transition to Manhood Ceremony, Philip Jackson outlines the Black Star Project's vision "To improve violence in Chicago, the best way to improve our city, is to improve these young men."

projected-04044830-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Academic programs

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

The academic programs include Saturday University, Math Boot Camp, Private Tutoring and a reading academy for youth. All the students must register online. The academic programs are free except for private tutoring.

projected-04044830-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Saturday University

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

Saturday University launched in the Spring of 2011, consists of voluntary tutors, workers and organizers. It focuses on improving academic performance for African American youths through offering free math, reading and writing sessions. The program is based on a network of Saturday schools and completely free for children of all races to join for 10 weeks.The class sizes usually have 15-20 students ranged from kindergarteners to high schoolers. The session holds at The Black Star Project's headquarters at 3509 D Martin Luther King DR, but the locations have extended to the communities that far from the headquarter, in a purpose to benefit more kids.

projected-04044830-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Math Boot Camp

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

The 2013 National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP) reports that, in Chicago, African American children are below a basic level in mathematics performing. Math Boot Camps focuses on 5th through 8th grade students for math tutoring in order strengthen basic math conception and problem solving.

projected-04044830-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Private tutoring

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

Private tutoring is focused on asessing the areas that students need help in, and matching students with specialized tutors. This is a charged one-on-one private tutoring program for students in kindergarten through 12 grade. Students must available to schedule as low as one hour each week.

projected-04044830-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Black Male Reading Academy

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

This program is targeted toward elementary school children who are in 1st to 4th grade. Reading academy focuses on developing comprehension and vocabulary. The National Assessment for Educational Progress report shows that reading proficiency is below a basic level in 8th grade, within Chicago's African American community. The Black Males Reading Academy aims to build a positive life and hopeful future.

projected-04044830-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Parent Programs

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

The parent programs include Million Father's March, Father's Club.

projected-04044830-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Million Father's March

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

One of the Black Star Project's national initiative is the Million Father March that started in 2004. In this program fathers, uncles, grandfathers, and father figures accompany children on their first day of school. Due to this initiative, an increase was seen in 2004 and in 2007 on the first-day of school attendance. It went up from 86% to 93%.

projected-04044830-009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20Star%20Project

The Black Star Project

Fathers Club

Founded by Phillip Jackson in 1996, the Black Star Project is an educational nonprofit reform organization located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of . Its focus is to eliminate the by improving the lives of those living in African American and Latino communities. By providing mentoring and tutoring services, the Black Star Project ensures that students, parents, and community members become productive citizens in their neighborhoods. The project focuses on one-on-one interactions with students; but also involves parents so that they can have positive influences on their children's education. The Black Star Project provides a range of activities including parent and mentoring programs, school outreach programs, special events and national initiatives.

This club strives to create affordable events for fathers to spend quality time with their children. Philip Jackson, the founder, and executive director created this program because of the recognition of the importance of a male figure in a child's life. The Black Star Project holds events around the to build bonding experience for father to children relationships. Different events that have been held were at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Pavilion, Brookfield Zoo, Shedd Aquarium.

projected-04044832-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikarian

Hikarian

Introduction

, also called Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector, is a Japanese and toy franchise by . The first television series, , is about a series of s that are turned into robots. The robots, along with two humans named Tetsuyuki Shinbashi (新橋 テツユキ Shinbashi Tetsuyuki) and Minayo Kanda (神田 ミナヨ Kanda Minayo), have to stop an alien invasion. Some of the OVAs even appeared after VHS tapes. A second television series, , was later created. The new series stars a new Hikarian, Lightning West, and a new human lead, Kenta Hijiribashi (聖橋 ケンタ Hijiribashi Kenta). has licensed the series for an English release. The company has suggested name changes (e.g. Tetsuyuki becomes Terry and Minayo becomes Mina), but the series is not yet available in English, and Enoki may sublicense the series to another company who may decide to keep the original Japanese names, use Enoki's suggested English names, or use original English names.

projected-04044832-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikarian

Hikarian

Characters

, also called Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector, is a Japanese and toy franchise by . The first television series, , is about a series of s that are turned into robots. The robots, along with two humans named Tetsuyuki Shinbashi (新橋 テツユキ Shinbashi Tetsuyuki) and Minayo Kanda (神田 ミナヨ Kanda Minayo), have to stop an alien invasion. Some of the OVAs even appeared after VHS tapes. A second television series, , was later created. The new series stars a new Hikarian, Lightning West, and a new human lead, Kenta Hijiribashi (聖橋 ケンタ Hijiribashi Kenta). has licensed the series for an English release. The company has suggested name changes (e.g. Tetsuyuki becomes Terry and Minayo becomes Mina), but the series is not yet available in English, and Enoki may sublicense the series to another company who may decide to keep the original Japanese names, use Enoki's suggested English names, or use original English names.

The main characters in Hikarian are the Hikarians who fight against the Blatcher gang and their plan operation Darkness. All of the characters, except the Black Express, are based on real life trains. The series depicts them operating as normal trains during times of peace.

projected-04044832-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikarian

Hikarian

Hikarians

, also called Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector, is a Japanese and toy franchise by . The first television series, , is about a series of s that are turned into robots. The robots, along with two humans named Tetsuyuki Shinbashi (新橋 テツユキ Shinbashi Tetsuyuki) and Minayo Kanda (神田 ミナヨ Kanda Minayo), have to stop an alien invasion. Some of the OVAs even appeared after VHS tapes. A second television series, , was later created. The new series stars a new Hikarian, Lightning West, and a new human lead, Kenta Hijiribashi (聖橋 ケンタ Hijiribashi Kenta). has licensed the series for an English release. The company has suggested name changes (e.g. Tetsuyuki becomes Terry and Minayo becomes Mina), but the series is not yet available in English, and Enoki may sublicense the series to another company who may decide to keep the original Japanese names, use Enoki's suggested English names, or use original English names.

: The most dynamic hero of the entire Hikarian members. He is full of fighting spirit. He uses a shield and sword. : He is very sharp and agile even in narrow places or on highlands. : The biggest Hikarian. He has strong muscles and uses a huge hammer. : The Captain of Hikarians. Always resourceful and calm. : She is a test car called "Win 350." She possesses the power to see the future. : He flies at tremendous speed. He scrambles to rescue friends like fighter planes. He uses turbine lasers that pack a punch. : Patrol Train of the Railroad Police. He uses a laser that helps him in sticky situations. : Fire Engine of the Railroad. : Defense Force of railroad. He has a big cannon. Dr. : A test car. He is a very intelligent scientist and invents special cars. Lapito: A ninja Hikarian. He uses a ninja sword with a shuriken shield. His attacks are super fast and ninja style. : The rescue car of the railroad. : A most advanced super express. She runs on rails at the highest speed in the world. The wing sensor on her back gives her the power to search the time tunnel. Main character of the second series. Can combine with Sky to form Lightning Garuda. : An engineer of Hikarian Headquarters. He assists Dr. 300X. : Unlike other Hikarians he has got wheels on feet. E2 Jet's friend. : Max's friend. Loves to clean with his broom used also as weapon. : Youngest of the Hikarians. : Oldest of the Hikarians. : Experimental engineer Blue Euro: Eurostar only appears in the series twice. After one fight, he is so badly damaged that he has to undergo a treatment that will eventually become the Blue Euro. (The treatment was in the background so only the creators knew how it was). : There are four in total. Rescue: American Hikarian Road Fire Engine. Hikarian X/Shadow X: Combines with and to form God X.

projected-04044832-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikarian

Hikarian

Humans

, also called Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector, is a Japanese and toy franchise by . The first television series, , is about a series of s that are turned into robots. The robots, along with two humans named Tetsuyuki Shinbashi (新橋 テツユキ Shinbashi Tetsuyuki) and Minayo Kanda (神田 ミナヨ Kanda Minayo), have to stop an alien invasion. Some of the OVAs even appeared after VHS tapes. A second television series, , was later created. The new series stars a new Hikarian, Lightning West, and a new human lead, Kenta Hijiribashi (聖橋 ケンタ Hijiribashi Kenta). has licensed the series for an English release. The company has suggested name changes (e.g. Tetsuyuki becomes Terry and Minayo becomes Mina), but the series is not yet available in English, and Enoki may sublicense the series to another company who may decide to keep the original Japanese names, use Enoki's suggested English names, or use original English names.

Tetsuyuki Shinbashi (新橋 テツユキ Shinbashi Tetsuyuki) / Terry : Friends with the Hikarians and a lover of trains. Minayo Kanda (神田 ミナヨ Kanda Minayo) / Mina : Terry's girlfriend.

projected-04044832-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikarian

Hikarian

Blatcher Gang

, also called Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector, is a Japanese and toy franchise by . The first television series, , is about a series of s that are turned into robots. The robots, along with two humans named Tetsuyuki Shinbashi (新橋 テツユキ Shinbashi Tetsuyuki) and Minayo Kanda (神田 ミナヨ Kanda Minayo), have to stop an alien invasion. Some of the OVAs even appeared after VHS tapes. A second television series, , was later created. The new series stars a new Hikarian, Lightning West, and a new human lead, Kenta Hijiribashi (聖橋 ケンタ Hijiribashi Kenta). has licensed the series for an English release. The company has suggested name changes (e.g. Tetsuyuki becomes Terry and Minayo becomes Mina), but the series is not yet available in English, and Enoki may sublicense the series to another company who may decide to keep the original Japanese names, use Enoki's suggested English names, or use original English names.

Black Express: The boss of the Blatcher Gang. He uses an electric maces and most times hides in black smoke. : The henchmen of Black Express. They have a mild heart and like to play with children. : A careless and daydreaming guy. Silver Express Mastermind of the Blatcher Gang. : The gigantic locomotive made by the Blatchers. When it passes by, everything will turn totally black. : Black Express' daughter (probably) : The Streamlined locomotive that does the budget cuts.

projected-04044832-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikarian

Hikarian

Chinese CGI knockoff

, also called Hikarian: Great Railroad Protector, is a Japanese and toy franchise by . The first television series, , is about a series of s that are turned into robots. The robots, along with two humans named Tetsuyuki Shinbashi (新橋 テツユキ Shinbashi Tetsuyuki) and Minayo Kanda (神田 ミナヨ Kanda Minayo), have to stop an alien invasion. Some of the OVAs even appeared after VHS tapes. A second television series, , was later created. The new series stars a new Hikarian, Lightning West, and a new human lead, Kenta Hijiribashi (聖橋 ケンタ Hijiribashi Kenta). has licensed the series for an English release. The company has suggested name changes (e.g. Tetsuyuki becomes Terry and Minayo becomes Mina), but the series is not yet available in English, and Enoki may sublicense the series to another company who may decide to keep the original Japanese names, use Enoki's suggested English names, or use original English names.

In January 2011, it was announced would be working with Carloon Animation to create a CGI cartoon about trains called (高铁侠). In July 2011, Chinese viewers of previews were shocked that it was a shot-for-shot of Hikarian. After Pat Lee was sued by & when they found out about the cartoon being a rip-off of Hikarian, Pat Lee created a revised version called Train Heroes () which began airing in Japan in April 2013.

projected-04044836-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mad%20Ghoul

The Mad Ghoul

Introduction

The Mad Ghoul is a 1943 American directed by and starring , , and , and featuring , , and . The film is about the scientist Dr. Alfred Morris and his assistant Ted Allison. Morris, who is obsessed with an ancient Mayan life-preserving process to the point of madness, has fallen in love with Allison's girlfriend, the concert singer Isabel Lewis. Morris decides to use Allison for his eternal-life experiments, transforming him into a zombie who slowly recalls his past life, but is unaware of his undead status. The Mad Ghoul was developed at in February 1943 under the title The Mystery of the Mad Ghoul. Filming was completed in May for a release on November 12.

projected-04044836-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mad%20Ghoul

The Mad Ghoul

Plot

The Mad Ghoul is a 1943 American directed by and starring , , and , and featuring , , and . The film is about the scientist Dr. Alfred Morris and his assistant Ted Allison. Morris, who is obsessed with an ancient Mayan life-preserving process to the point of madness, has fallen in love with Allison's girlfriend, the concert singer Isabel Lewis. Morris decides to use Allison for his eternal-life experiments, transforming him into a zombie who slowly recalls his past life, but is unaware of his undead status. The Mad Ghoul was developed at in February 1943 under the title The Mystery of the Mad Ghoul. Filming was completed in May for a release on November 12.

Dr. Alfred Morris () is curious about the effects of an ancient nerve gas, used by the during rituals of human to appease their gods. He takes medical student Ted Allison () under his wing to assist him with his experiments in using the gas on modern animals. Despite Ted's enthusiasm for the success of their effort to revive Morris's dead monkey Choco (who was earlier exposed to the gas and died) by using a fluid from the heart of another creature, Ted also has on his mind his girlfriend Isabel Lewis (), of whom Morris has also become enamored. Later, on the night of the duo's first experiment, Ted brings Isabel to Morris's house, where Morris notices Isabel's discomfort about her relationship with Ted. He confers with Isabel, saying that she does indeed need a man more involved with her love of music, secretly meaning himself. Isabel, however, is afraid of hurting Ted's feelings and getting him to understand what she wants, but Morris promises to take care of the situation himself. Unbeknownst to Isabel, Morris's evil plan involves destroying Ted by exposing him to the lethal Mayan gas the next day, and in effect, making him a mindless who, like Choco, must continually rely on the fluid of human hearts to survive (obtained by performing cardioectomies on freshly dead persons). This sets Ted and Morris on a grave-robbing spree through several towns where Isabel is also performing on her tour. Morris tries to get Ted to return home, but Ted is committed to being with Isabel whenever possible, whenever he is not in his unknowing ish state. But, when Ted does become a ghoul again, Morris once more uses him to try to kill off the one person Isabel truly seems to love—Eric Iverson (), her partner and pianist. Although his attempt is unsuccessful, Ted is able to obtain another heart, keeping himself alive. Eventually the police, aided by ace reporter "Scoop" McClure (), realize that the mysterious "ghoul"-style killings are on the same route of Isabel's tour. McClure tries to set a trap in Scranton, the last city of Isabel's tour, by making it seem to the public that he is someone else who has recently died, and, by waiting in a coffin for the ghoul, nearly captures Ted and Morris once they arrive to perform another cardioectomy. However, Morris distracts McClure as Ted comes into view and kills him. With Isabel back home, the police attempt to question her about why the killings were made in the same cities she performed in, but even though she claims to know nothing, she thinks for a moment how Ted and Dr. Morris are the only people associated with her that also have a knowledge of how to perform cardioectomies. She later performs for her home crowd, and Morris, in a last attempt to get Isabel for himself, sends Ted to kill "First Eric, then myself", as he constantly repeats under his spell. Before Ted becomes a ghoul, he is able to write a letter to Isabel that explains what happened to him and who did all of the killings. Plus, he exposes Morris to the gas just before he reverts to his ghoul state, and leaves to fulfill Morris's final bidding. Upon entering the stage where. Isabel is, he is promptly dispatched by detectives, just as he is about to shoot Eric, who read the note to Isabel that Ted left in his hands. She and Eric hold each other, knowing that Ted always intended the best for them, and that Morris was behind all of the trouble with which Ted and many others were involved. Morris, meanwhile, being drained of nearly all life by the gas, almost succeeds in getting fluid from another heart for himself, but fatally collapses by the grave he is digging up. In the end, words that Ted said earlier to Morris are repeated: "It's all over, Doctor. There's nothing left of it now but you, and me, and... death!"

projected-04044836-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mad%20Ghoul

The Mad Ghoul

Cast

The Mad Ghoul is a 1943 American directed by and starring , , and , and featuring , , and . The film is about the scientist Dr. Alfred Morris and his assistant Ted Allison. Morris, who is obsessed with an ancient Mayan life-preserving process to the point of madness, has fallen in love with Allison's girlfriend, the concert singer Isabel Lewis. Morris decides to use Allison for his eternal-life experiments, transforming him into a zombie who slowly recalls his past life, but is unaware of his undead status. The Mad Ghoul was developed at in February 1943 under the title The Mystery of the Mad Ghoul. Filming was completed in May for a release on November 12.

Cast is sourced from the book Universal Horrors.

projected-04044836-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mad%20Ghoul

The Mad Ghoul

Production

The Mad Ghoul is a 1943 American directed by and starring , , and , and featuring , , and . The film is about the scientist Dr. Alfred Morris and his assistant Ted Allison. Morris, who is obsessed with an ancient Mayan life-preserving process to the point of madness, has fallen in love with Allison's girlfriend, the concert singer Isabel Lewis. Morris decides to use Allison for his eternal-life experiments, transforming him into a zombie who slowly recalls his past life, but is unaware of his undead status. The Mad Ghoul was developed at in February 1943 under the title The Mystery of the Mad Ghoul. Filming was completed in May for a release on November 12.

The Mad Ghoul was developed to support as a . It began development in February 1943 with a script by and based on a story by . It was developed under the title The Mystery of the Mad Ghoul. The director assigned to the film was who had just signed to in April after seven years working at . He died of a heart attack on November 4, one week before The Mad Ghoul was released. Among the cast was who appeared in minor roles in films in the late 1930s and early 1940s. After a role in Republic films , he signed on for a three-year contract with Universal. Bruce was cast as the walking corpse of Ted Allison in the film. In the film, his make-up effects by has degenerative effect to represent a corpse in an accelerated state of decomposition. Bruce recalled that his make-up was green and his hair was made bright red, and applied "false skin" to him, a process he described as "absolute murder". Bruce wore the effects for three days and when it was removed it caused him to bleed as they had to peel off the make-up. According to a 1995 interview with Bruce's daughter, he would return home from filming and scaring her mother with his make-up and that Bruce had a very pleasant experience on the set, specifically getting along very well with . Also among the cast was , who recalled that director Hogan was "very matter-of-fact, but an excellent craftsman. And a craftsman was what you had to be when you made ". The film began shooting on May 13, 1943 and finished shooting before the end of May. Initially, Universal had planned for to perform her own songs in the film, but the idea was scrapped at the last moment. Library recordings of singing were used as a replacement.

projected-04044836-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mad%20Ghoul

The Mad Ghoul

Release

The Mad Ghoul is a 1943 American directed by and starring , , and , and featuring , , and . The film is about the scientist Dr. Alfred Morris and his assistant Ted Allison. Morris, who is obsessed with an ancient Mayan life-preserving process to the point of madness, has fallen in love with Allison's girlfriend, the concert singer Isabel Lewis. Morris decides to use Allison for his eternal-life experiments, transforming him into a zombie who slowly recalls his past life, but is unaware of his undead status. The Mad Ghoul was developed at in February 1943 under the title The Mystery of the Mad Ghoul. Filming was completed in May for a release on November 12.

The Mad Ghoul was distributed theatrically by on November 12, 1943. On June 7, a film titled Chamber of Horrors was announced by , noting that the cast would include a cast of , , , , , and as well as including the characters The Invisible Man, The Mad Ghoul, The Mummy and "other assorted monsters". Chambers of Horror never went into production. It was released for the first time on by Willette Acquisition Corporation on October 7, 2014. Along with , and , The Mad Ghoul was released on blu ray as part of 's Universal Horror Collection Volume 2 on July 23, 2019.

projected-04044836-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mad%20Ghoul

The Mad Ghoul

Reception

The Mad Ghoul is a 1943 American directed by and starring , , and , and featuring , , and . The film is about the scientist Dr. Alfred Morris and his assistant Ted Allison. Morris, who is obsessed with an ancient Mayan life-preserving process to the point of madness, has fallen in love with Allison's girlfriend, the concert singer Isabel Lewis. Morris decides to use Allison for his eternal-life experiments, transforming him into a zombie who slowly recalls his past life, but is unaware of his undead status. The Mad Ghoul was developed at in February 1943 under the title The Mystery of the Mad Ghoul. Filming was completed in May for a release on November 12.

From contemporary reviews, Wanda Hale of said the film "you'll get your creeps and chills in abundance at what George Zucco, making with his evil yes does to corpses and a human being [...] Enough occurs to prevent the chills from leaving you until it's over". Floy Stone of declared the film as "well done, but just that. Zucco's performance is the only one which will command audience attention". Frank Quinn of the found the film was a "reash of , while finding the film "interesting enough to whet the appetite". John T. McManus declared that along with , Son of Dracula and were "unaccountable cinemisdeeds". of called The Mad Ghoul "definitely a second-rate ghoul. And if anyone is privileged enough to be crazy, it's us poor folks who have to look at such thing". From retrospective reviews, awarded the film two and a half out of four stars, noting that the strong cast helped buoy the film's grim story.

projected-04044859-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Gelb

Peter Gelb

Introduction

Peter Gelb (born 1953) is an American arts administrator. Since August 2006, he has been General Manager of the in New York City.

projected-04044859-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Gelb

Peter Gelb

Early career

Peter Gelb (born 1953) is an American arts administrator. Since August 2006, he has been General Manager of the in New York City.

While in high school, Gelb began his association with the as an usher. At age 17, Gelb began his career in classical music as office boy to . Gelb managed the ’s 1979 tour to China at the end of the . The following year Gelb became 's manager. Gelb assisted the pianist in the revival of his performing career, and managed his return to Russia in 1986. In 1982, Gelb founded, and was president of, CAMI Video, a division of . In this capacity, for six years he was executive producer of "The Metropolitan Opera Presents", the Met's series of televised opera broadcasts. Gelb produced 25 televised productions for the Met. In 1992, Gelb produced both the stage and film versions of ’s first opera production, Oedipus Rex, for ’s .

projected-04044859-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Gelb

Peter Gelb

Sony Classical

Peter Gelb (born 1953) is an American arts administrator. Since August 2006, he has been General Manager of the in New York City.

From 1995 until joining the Met, Gelb was president of . Gelb pursued a strategy of emphasizing music over mainstream repertoire. Examples include cellist Yo-Yo Ma, who was encouraged to record , including an album with fiddler and composer and double-bassist and composer , Appalachia Waltz; electronic composer , who recorded the choral symphony ; and , a pop artist who started her career as a classical singer.

projected-04044859-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Gelb

Peter Gelb

Metropolitan Opera

Peter Gelb (born 1953) is an American arts administrator. Since August 2006, he has been General Manager of the in New York City.

Gelb became the 16th General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera, taking over from , on August 1, 2006. He launched the beginning of his tenure with several new productions, including directed by ; by ; and of 's new opera directed by . Gelb launched a number of new ventures for the Met, capitalizing on new media technology to distribute Met performances to a wider global audience. This became series, the Met becoming the first performing arts company to offer live high definition broadcasts of its operas to cinemas and other performing arts centers in many countries of the world. The series gained both a and an . Several digitally recorded performances are later offered on public television stations and released on s for purchase. In September 2006, Sirius Satellite Radio (now ) launched Metropolitan Opera Radio, broadcasting live performances each week as well as historic performances from the Met’s radio archive. The Met also presents free, live audio streaming of performances from its website once a week. Other initiatives launched by Gelb include a commissioning program for new operas; free dress rehearsals for the public; a free live transmission of the opening-night performance onto screens at and Plaza; a rush tickets program that offers select orchestra seats for weekday and weekend performances at reduced prices; and the Arnold and Marie Schwartz Gallery Met, a contemporary art exhibition space in the Met lobby that presents new work connected to Met productions. During his tenure at the Met, Gelb has spearheaded the production of contemporary works, including the staging of two of 's operas, Doctor Atomic and Nixon in China, with a third, The Death of Klinghoffer, planned for autumn 2014. His other ideas have included an annual "family-oriented" presentation at time, and collaborations with the of to develop newer musical works with musicians such as , , and . In January 2007 Gelb announced a commission for a new opera from , tentatively scheduled for the 2010-11 season. However, following the death in 2008 of who was to have written the , the premiere was postponed to 2018. Gelb, whose contract was extended in November 2019 until 2027,  has taken measures to increase ticket sales, suspending performances in February when sales are slowest, extending the season until June and adding Sunday matinees. The Met also instituted Fridays under 40, a program offering discounted tickets to younger audience members. The Met also raised the number of new productions, including those of recent operas and works written for the Met. In 2021-22, in collaboration with Met Music Director Yannick Nezet-Seguin, he programed three contemporary works. Gelb has also pushed for the diversification of casts, productions and staff. Fire Shut Up in My Bones, which opened the 2021-22 season, was the first work on the Met stage by a Black composer – and featured the Met’s first Black director, Camille A. Brown (who co-directed with James Robinson). “X: The Life and Times of Malcolm X” by Anthony Davis will receive a new production in the fall of 2023. Mr. Gelb also named three composers of color to its commissioning program: Valerie Coleman, Jessie Montgomery and Joel Thomson. In 2021, he appointed Marcia Sells as the Met’s first chief diversity officer.

projected-04044859-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Gelb

Peter Gelb

Awards and recognitions

Peter Gelb (born 1953) is an American arts administrator. Since August 2006, he has been General Manager of the in New York City.

Among Gelb’s Emmy Award-winning films are Soldiers of Music: Rostropovich Returns to Russia (1991) and Vladimir Horowitz: (1985), both with Maysles Films. Gelb received a Peabody Award for his four-part television series Marsalis on Music (1995), in which jazz trumpeter Wynton Marsalis introduces young audiences to the full experience of classical music and jazz. Gelb also won Peabody Awards for the 1986 televised concert Horowitz in Moscow and for the Met’s Live in HD series. In 2001, he co-directed and produced a 90-minute documentary entitled Recording The Producers: A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks, about the making of the hit Broadway show’s cast album. The film was awarded a in 2002. Three of the Met’s Live in HD productions released on DVD—John Adams’s Doctor Atomic, Wagner’s Ring cycle, and Thomas Adès’s The Tempest (the last two both directed by Robert Lepage)—won consecutive Grammys for best opera recording for the company and for Gelb as executive producer between 2011 and 2013. He also received the Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Award for the Live in HD series in 2011. magazine named Gelb a 2008 honoree of the list of the world’s most influential people. In 2010, France honored him as an Officier dans l’, and in 2012 he received the Diplomacy Award of the Foreign Policy Association. In 2013, Gelb received the Sanford Prize from the , and was named Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur by the French President. Gelb has received from and from the of the . In 2019, he received the Gold Medal from the .

projected-04044859-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Gelb

Peter Gelb

Controversy

Peter Gelb (born 1953) is an American arts administrator. Since August 2006, he has been General Manager of the in New York City.

Gelb's history at Sony Classical caused concern among critics when he was appointed to take over as General Manager at the Metropolitan Opera. He responded to fears that he would dilute the Met's artistic standards as he seeks a wider audience for the company, saying “I think what I’m doing is exactly what the Met engaged me to do, which is build bridges to a broader public. This is not about dumbing down the Met, it’s just making it accessible." Gelb's relationship with the press became strained during his time at the Metropolitan Opera, that his new production of and, by extension his tenure as the company's general manager, received poor reviews. In 2012, radio station rescinded a blog post by critic reportedly after Gelb complained to the station's chief executive. Giovetti's piece opined that the Met under Gelb "bears the mothball-like scent of an oligarchy." In a phone call to the station, Gelb called the piece "awful and nasty." Weeks later, following an equally critical essay about the Met under Gelb by Brian Kellow and a negative review of the Met's new production of The Ring, the magazine —produced by the Met Opera Guild, a support organization—announced it would no longer review Metropolitan Opera productions. Gelb said the decision was made “in collaboration with the guild". However, due to negative public reaction, the decision was quickly reversed. In 2014 Gelb and the Met were dogged by new controversy with a production of 's opera , due to criticism that the work was . In response to the controversy Gelb canceled the scheduled worldwide HD video presentation of a performance, but refused demands to cancel the live performances scheduled for October and November 2014. Demonstrators held signs and chanted "Shame on Gelb". Gelb was contacted by a police detective in October 2016 about allegations of sexual abuse of a minor by Met conductor . Gelb had been aware of the accuser's abuse allegations since they were made in a 2016 police report, and of the attendant police investigation, but did not suspend Levine or launch an investigation until over a year later. Classical music blogger, former music critic, and faculty member said: "Everybody in the classical music business at least since the 1980s has talked about Levine as a sex abuser. The investigation should have been done decades ago." -winning music critic mused: "I’m not sure the Met can survive Levine’s disgrace." Similarly, The Wall Street Journal'''s drama critic wrote an article entitled: “The Levine Cataclysm: How allegations against James Levine of sexual misconduct with teenagers could topple the entire Metropolitan Opera”. Personal life Peter Gelb is the son of , former Managing Editor of , and writer . Gelb is married to conductor . He has two children from a previous marriage. His elder son, , is a director and cinematographer, most known for his documentary . His younger son, Matthew Gelb, is a film editor based in New York City. In 2019, Gelb received an Honorary Doctorate from . Videography , Deutsche Grammophon DVD, 00440-073-4582, 2010 , Kultur Video DVD, D4209, 2007 '' (1993), Kultur Video DVD, D4211, 2007

projected-04044862-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Croix%20State%20Park

Saint Croix State Park

Introduction

St. Croix State Park is a in , USA. The park follows the shore of the for and contains the last of the . At it is the largest . It was developed as a in the 1930s, and is one of the finest surviving properties of this type in the nation. 164 structures built by the and the survive, the largest collection of projects in Minnesota. As a they were listed on the and proclaimed a in 1997.

projected-04044862-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Croix%20State%20Park

Saint Croix State Park

Natural history

St. Croix State Park is a in , USA. The park follows the shore of the for and contains the last of the . At it is the largest . It was developed as a in the 1930s, and is one of the finest surviving properties of this type in the nation. 164 structures built by the and the survive, the largest collection of projects in Minnesota. As a they were listed on the and proclaimed a in 1997.

The St. Croix River Valley was carved by meltwater during the circa 10,000 BC. The water deposited a variety of sediments, which compose over 30 different types of soil within the park. Some soils are very sandy while others are made of red or yellow clay. The historic Yellowbanks area of the park is named for its distinctive deposit of yellow clay exposed by the St. Croix River. The of the area is mostly buried under of these glacial deposits. However the underlying and is exposed in one area along the Kettle River known as the Highbanks, where a final ancient flood of meltwater scoured away the sediments. In addition to the two rivers, at least ten other streams flow through the park, creating a of hundreds of square miles. St. Croix State Park is located on the eastern edge of the Mille Lacs Uplands. Initially dominated by and , the vegetation has been altered by logging and farming. The present is a mix of pines, , , and . More open areas form meadows, , and . Numerous lakes, marshes, and streams support and plants. Wetlands with no outlet and high acidity support s. Large mammals found in the park include , s, s, and es, s, s, s, and . Birds include the , , , s, s, and . They roam along the St. Croix River. A hit part of the park on July 4, 1977. toppled trees over hundreds of acres on July 11, 2008 and again on July 1, 2011. In the latter storm, many of the historical structures were damaged. However, there were no injuries as the park was closed due to the .

projected-04044862-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Croix%20State%20Park

Saint Croix State Park

Cultural history

St. Croix State Park is a in , USA. The park follows the shore of the for and contains the last of the . At it is the largest . It was developed as a in the 1930s, and is one of the finest surviving properties of this type in the nation. 164 structures built by the and the survive, the largest collection of projects in Minnesota. As a they were listed on the and proclaimed a in 1997.

Evidence of Native American occupation in the park and the St. Croix River Valley has been found dating back 5,000 years. The region was inhabited by the by the late 17th century, when French traders began exploring the region. However the Dakota were soon displaced by the . rs became more numerous, and a was established within what is now St. Croix State Park. Following an 1837 treaty with the Ojibwe the region was opened up to , although harvesting in the park did not begin until later in the 19th century. From 1894 to 1898 the Empire Lumber Company operated a rail line, the Flemming Railroad, to transport logs cut farther inland to the St. Croix River. The line ended at Yellowbanks where the logs were rolled down the steep bluffs and floated to sawmills downriver. St. John's Landing, at the northeast end of the park, is named for Ed St. John, who opened a popular there for lumbermen. The area was logged out by 1915 and farmers were attracted to the newly cleared land. However the sandy soil was poor and not productive enough to make a living. Most settlers moved away and much of the land was tax-forfeited. Pine County had the most tax delinquent property in Minnesota and suffered abject environmental degradation from cultivation and s like the . In 1934 the area was selected for a , a New Deal program that provided jobs, paid farmers for poor cropland, and created outdoor recreation opportunities near urban areas (the site is midway between and ). An initial of land were transferred to the , as the would direct the work of the (CCC) and the (WPA). A CCC camp was constructed at Yellowbanks, populated first by Company #2762 and later #2706. Crews built the main park road, following the old Flemming Railroad route, and another of road. Trails and scenic overlooks were established while farm buildings were demolished. From Camp Yellowbanks the crews used sandstone and lumber from within the park to develop five separate areas for visitors. First was park headquarters, second Riverview Campground and a lodge which is now the interpretive center. The other three were group centers constructed by WPA crews: Norway Point for boys, St. John's Landing for girls, and Head of the Rapids for handicapped children. Some crews planted pine, spruce, and hardwood trees to begin while others conducted wildlife and fire protection work. A CCC crew built a in 1937. As additional properties were added, St. Croix Recreational Demonstration Area grew to , only slightly smaller than the country's largest RDA at in South Dakota. As planned following federal development, St. Croix Recreational Demonstration Area was transferred to the state to become St. Croix State Park in 1943. The fire tower was staffed during fire season until 1981, when aerial surveys became the preferred spotting method. St. John's Landing Group Center is now a camp for the .

projected-04044862-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Croix%20State%20Park

Saint Croix State Park

Recreation

St. Croix State Park is a in , USA. The park follows the shore of the for and contains the last of the . At it is the largest . It was developed as a in the 1930s, and is one of the finest surviving properties of this type in the nation. 164 structures built by the and the survive, the largest collection of projects in Minnesota. As a they were listed on the and proclaimed a in 1997.

The St. Croix and Kettle Rivers are navigable by canoe or kayak. Camping in the Fall is breathtaking. You can see all the Fall foliage. October is a great time to go. The St. Croix is entirely flat water while the Kettle contains some rapids. Both rivers support game fish like , bass, , and . Hay Creek and some of the park's other streams contain trout. Hay Creek widens into Lake Clayton, which has a swimming beach and picnic area. A paved trail leads from Lake Clayton to the drive-in campground, which has three loops with a total of 211 sites. Elsewhere there are eight group campsites and remote campsites for backpackers and canoers. More modern accommodation is provided by two group centers, five cabins, and two guest houses. Of the trails in the park, are open for hiking, for horseback riding, for mountain biking, for snowmobiles, and for cross-country skiing. The passes through the length of the park. Visitors can climb the 134 steps to the cab of the fire tower; interpretive signs describe the layers of the forest habitat and features of the surrounding countryside. St. Croix State Park borders to the southwest and to the northeast. lies across the river in Wisconsin. The entire river corridor is part of the . The Kettle River is designated a State Wild and Scenic River.

projected-04044865-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarang

Kamarang

Introduction

Kamarang is an village, standing at the confluence of the and , in the Region of . Kamarang has a Primary School, Hospital, Police station and can be accessed by air via the . The village has seen extensive economic growth at the start of the 21st century because of and diamond , however as of 2019, the output has started to decline. Its altitude is 490 metres (1601 feet).

projected-04044865-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarang

Kamarang

Demography

Kamarang is an village, standing at the confluence of the and , in the Region of . Kamarang has a Primary School, Hospital, Police station and can be accessed by air via the . The village has seen extensive economic growth at the start of the 21st century because of and diamond , however as of 2019, the output has started to decline. Its altitude is 490 metres (1601 feet).

According to the 2002 population census, it had 349 inhabitants.

projected-04044866-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Staveley

William Staveley

Introduction

William Staveley (29 July 1784 – 4 April 1854) was a officer who fought in the and later became .

projected-04044866-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Staveley

William Staveley

Military career

William Staveley (29 July 1784 – 4 April 1854) was a officer who fought in the and later became .

Staveley was born in , the son of William Staveley and Henrietta Henderson. He entered the in 1798 as an ensign. Staveley fought in several conflicts in the (, , , , , and and many other minor actions). At the 1815 , Staveley was present as a captain in the , afterwards receiving the (CB) and a promotion to Lieutenant-colonel. He went to in 1821 and served in various roles (deputy quartermaster-general and commandant of ) before becoming in 1847. After leaving Hong Kong in 1851, he was given command of the . In 1853, he was made Colonel of the and appointed commander-in-chief of the (with local rank of lieutenant-general). He died in the , and was buried at .

projected-04044866-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Staveley

William Staveley

Staveley Street

William Staveley (29 July 1784 – 4 April 1854) was a officer who fought in the and later became .

Staveley Street () is a street in on the , , named after Staveley. The street is for pedestrians only and parallel to .

projected-04044866-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Staveley

William Staveley

Family

William Staveley (29 July 1784 – 4 April 1854) was a officer who fought in the and later became .

He married Sarah Mather in 1817. Their children included , Harriet Frances Staveley, and Caroline Octavia Emma Staveley, who in 1847 married RN.

projected-04044867-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29

Recursion (computer science)

Introduction

In , recursion is a method of solving a where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such by using that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science. Most computer s support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some languages (for instance, ) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in that these recursive-only languages are ; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as s based on control structures such as and . Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less , and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as optimization.

projected-04044867-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29

Recursion (computer science)

Recursive functions and algorithms

In , recursion is a method of solving a where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such by using that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science. Most computer s support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some languages (for instance, ) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in that these recursive-only languages are ; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as s based on control structures such as and . Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less , and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as optimization.

A common tactic is to divide a problem into sub-problems of the same type as the original, solve those sub-problems, and combine the results. This is often referred to as the ; when combined with a that stores the results of previously solved sub-problems (to avoid solving them repeatedly and incurring extra computation time), it can be referred to as or .

projected-04044867-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29

Recursion (computer science)

Base case

In , recursion is a method of solving a where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such by using that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science. Most computer s support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some languages (for instance, ) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in that these recursive-only languages are ; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as s based on control structures such as and . Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less , and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as optimization.

A recursive function definition has one or more base cases, meaning input(s) for which the function produces a result ly (without recurring), and one or more recursive cases, meaning input(s) for which the program recurs (calls itself). For example, the function can be defined recursively by the equations and, for all , . Neither equation by itself constitutes a complete definition; the first is the base case, and the second is the recursive case. Because the base case breaks the chain of recursion, it is sometimes also called the "terminating case". The job of the recursive cases can be seen as breaking down complex inputs into simpler ones. In a properly designed recursive function, with each recursive call, the input problem must be simplified in such a way that eventually the base case must be reached. (Functions that are not intended to terminate under normal circumstances—for example, some —are an exception to this.) Neglecting to write a base case, or testing for it incorrectly, can cause an . For some functions (such as one that computes the for ) there is not an obvious base case implied by the input data; for these one may add a (such as the number of terms to be added, in our series example) to provide a 'stopping criterion' that establishes the base case. Such an example is more naturally treated by , where successive terms in the output are the partial sums; this can be converted to a recursion by using the indexing parameter to say "compute the nth term (nth partial sum)".

projected-04044867-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29

Recursion (computer science)

Recursive data types

In , recursion is a method of solving a where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such by using that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science. Most computer s support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some languages (for instance, ) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in that these recursive-only languages are ; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as s based on control structures such as and . Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less , and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as optimization.

Many s must process or generate an arbitrarily large quantity of . Recursion is a technique for representing data whose exact size is unknown to the : the programmer can specify this data with a definition. There are two types of self-referential definitions: inductive and definitions.

projected-04044867-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29

Recursion (computer science)

Inductively defined data

In , recursion is a method of solving a where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such by using that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science. Most computer s support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some languages (for instance, ) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in that these recursive-only languages are ; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as s based on control structures such as and . Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less , and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as optimization.

An inductively defined recursive data definition is one that specifies how to construct instances of the data. For example, s can be defined inductively (here, using syntax): data ListOfStrings = EmptyList | Cons String ListOfStrings The code above specifies a list of strings to be either empty, or a structure that contains a string and a list of strings. The self-reference in the definition permits the construction of lists of any (finite) number of strings. Another example of inductive is the (or positive ): A natural number is either 1 or n+1, where n is a natural number. Similarly recursive s are often used to model the structure of and in programming languages. Language designers often express grammars in a syntax such as ; here is such a grammar, for a simple language of arithmetic expressions with multiplication and addition: <expr> ::= <number> | (<expr> * <expr>) | (<expr> + <expr>) This says that an expression is either a number, a product of two expressions, or a sum of two expressions. By recursively referring to expressions in the second and third lines, the grammar permits arbitrarily complicated arithmetic expressions such as (5 * ((3 * 6) + 8)), with more than one product or sum operation in a single expression.

projected-04044867-005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29

Recursion (computer science)

Coinductively defined data and corecursion

In , recursion is a method of solving a where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such by using that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science. Most computer s support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some languages (for instance, ) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in that these recursive-only languages are ; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as s based on control structures such as and . Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less , and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as optimization.

A coinductive data definition is one that specifies the operations that may be performed on a piece of data; typically, self-referential coinductive definitions are used for data structures of infinite size. A coinductive definition of infinite of strings, given informally, might look like this: A stream of strings is an object s such that: head(s) is a string, and tail(s) is a stream of strings. This is very similar to an inductive definition of lists of strings; the difference is that this definition specifies how to access the contents of the data structure—namely, via the functions head and tail—and what those contents may be, whereas the inductive definition specifies how to create the structure and what it may be created from. Corecursion is related to coinduction, and can be used to compute particular instances of (possibly) infinite objects. As a programming technique, it is used most often in the context of programming languages, and can be preferable to recursion when the desired size or precision of a program's output is unknown. In such cases the program requires both a definition for an infinitely large (or infinitely precise) result, and a mechanism for taking a finite portion of that result. The problem of computing the first n is one that can be solved with a corecursive program (e.g. ).

projected-04044867-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion%20%28computer%20science%29

Recursion (computer science)

Single recursion and multiple recursion

In , recursion is a method of solving a where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursion solves such by using that call themselves from within their own code. The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and recursion is one of the central ideas of computer science. Most computer s support recursion by allowing a function to call itself from within its own code. Some languages (for instance, ) do not define any looping constructs but rely solely on recursion to repeatedly call code. It is proved in that these recursive-only languages are ; this means that they are as powerful (they can be used to solve the same problems) as s based on control structures such as and . Repeatedly calling a function from within itself may cause the to have a size equal to the sum of the input sizes of all involved calls. It follows that, for problems that can be solved easily by iteration, recursion is generally less , and, for large problems, it is fundamental to use optimization techniques such as optimization.

Recursion that contains only a single self-reference is known as , while recursion that contains multiple self-references is known as . Standard examples of single recursion include list traversal, such as in a linear search, or computing the factorial function, while standard examples of multiple recursion include , such as in a depth-first search. Single recursion is often much more efficient than multiple recursion, and can generally be replaced by an iterative computation, running in linear time and requiring constant space. Multiple recursion, by contrast, may require exponential time and space, and is more fundamentally recursive, not being able to be replaced by iteration without an explicit stack. Multiple recursion can sometimes be converted to single recursion (and, if desired, thence to iteration). For example, while computing the Fibonacci sequence naively entails multiple iteration, as each value requires two previous values, it can be computed by single recursion by passing two successive values as parameters. This is more naturally framed as corecursion, building up from the initial values, while tracking two successive values at each step – see . A more sophisticated example involves using a , which allows iterative tree traversal, rather than multiple recursion.