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projected-04044551-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 2 β February 12 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | of wins gold in the men's downhill event.
wins the women's 7.5Β +Β 7.5Β km double pursuit event; a few hours later, secures gold for on the men's 15Β kmΒ +Β 15Β km distance.
of the withdraws from the Olympics following a groin injury in practice. is named her replacement.
defeats 12β0 in the women's competition. defeats .
of wins the gold in men's singles. of won his country's first ever Winter Olympic medal, a bronze.
of wins gold in the men's 1500Β m. His compatriot, wins silver and Chinese veteran earns bronze.
of the team takes the gold medal at the men's snowboarding halfpipe event.
19-year-old of the wins gold at the women's 3000Β m long-track event.
from wins the gold medal at the men's normal hill K95 event. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 2 β February 12"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 3 β February 13 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | wins the women's 15Β km biathlon.
pair and beat two Chinese pairs to take home the gold, posting the only composite score over 200. Chinese pair and finish their free skate and win the silver medal, despite a fall and injury to Zhang Dan after their attempt at a quadruple throw.
of the team takes the gold medal at the women's snowboarding halfpipe event. American teammate wins the silver, with of taking the bronze.
of the wins the gold medal at the 500 m long track event, skating both runs in less than 35 seconds; the fastest time of any other competitor was that of silver medalist , with a 35.17. of Korea wins a bronze medal, the first Korean medal in (long track) speed skating in 14 years. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 3 β February 13"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 4 β February 14 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | wins gold for the in the men's Combined. Then-leader was disqualified for straddling a gate in the first slalom section; in addition, the leader after the first slalom section, , skied off-course in the second section and was also disqualified. of was second and of took the bronze.
of wins the 10Β km sprint race.
's first medal in the 2006 Winter Olympics was brought home by and , who won the gold medal in women's team sprint, classical style. Minutes later and did the same in men's team sprint, giving the Swedes a sweep of the event. These were Sweden's first Winter Olympic gold medals since 1994.
leads after the men's short program. Plushenko's score of 90.66 was the highest for any short program since the current scoring system was adopted in 2003.
In the women's competition, defeats 8β1 and will face in the semi-final. defeats Finland and will face Sweden in the other semi-final match.
's wins gold in the injury-plagued women's luge event while countrywomen and complete the podium.
of takes gold in the women's 500 m event. and of win the other two (2) medals. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 4 β February 14"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 5 β February 15 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | of won the women's downhill. of and of completed the podium.
of won the men's moguls. of and of the won silver and bronze, respectively.
On the first day of men's competition, defeated host 7β2. In upsets, tied with the 3β3 and defeated 5β3.
brothers and won the doubles competition. Teams from and took the silver and bronze.
High winds in the ski jumping hill forced the jury to abandon the team competition midway through the second round. The teams resumed the next day. The withdrew due of illness.
Both men's and ladies' team pursuit teams set new Olympic records, the first of the 2006 Olympic Games. In the men's competition the record was subsequently broken by the , and then by .
's won her country's first gold at Turin in the women's individual 500 m. 's took the silver, while 's claimed the bronze. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 5 β February 15"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 6 β February 16 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | of wins the women's biathlon 7.5Β km sprint. of and of complete the podium. Also, of , who placed second at the 15Β km on day 3, has been disqualified from the Games following a positive test for . She has been stripped of her medal.
wins her second gold medal of the Games with a victory in the women's 10Β km classical and remains the only to medal.
In men's action, edges 7β6, keeps winless by winning 9β7, edges 7β6, and the defeats , 10β6.
of dominates the competition and takes gold in the men's competition ahead of 's and 's . Plushenko sets a world record for the highest score in the free skate since the new scoring system was adopted in 2003.
The upsets in the men's tournament continue as defeats the 3β2.
wins the men's team competition after catches up with 's on the final 5Β km leg. wins bronze, finishing nearly a minute ahead of the rest of the field.
of the wins the inaugural men's snowboard cross competition. of is second and of is third.
The team of , and defeats the team to win gold in the final of the women's team pursuit. wins its first ever Olympic speed skating gold in the men's team pursuit event. The Italians beat the favored team in the semifinals after suffers a costly fall. In the final, Italy defeats , which took its second silver in the Oval Lingotto.
of wins gold in the women's final. of earns silver, the only medal of the games for Great Britain. of claims bronze. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 6 β February 16"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 7 β February 17 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | gains another gold as wins the 15Β km classical cross-country race ahead of and .
In the men's competition, makes short work of 8β2, while the defeats 7β4. edges , 6β5.
In the ice dancing competition, the team of and lead after the compulsory dance, with and in second place.
scores a victory against the in the women's hockey semi-finals after a 3β2 win to advance to the gold medal game. There, they will face , who shut out in the other semi-final.
of takes the gold in women's snowboarding cross after of the falls on the second-to-last jump while performing an unnecessary method grab to give up the largest lead of the entire tournament. Jacobellis settles for silver, while 's takes bronze after recovering from a crash.
of takes gold, just ahead of fellow Canadian . slider wins the bronze. The 39-year-old Gibson becomes the oldest individual gold medalist in Winter Olympics history. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 7 β February 17"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 8 β February 18 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | takes gold in the women's combined. 's wins the silver and of finishes third.
wins gold for in the men's Super G, beating of . takes bronze for the .
and finish first and second in the 10Β km pursuit; of takes bronze.
wins gold for in the 12.5 km pursuit event, followed closely by of . 's takes bronze.
wins the 20Β km women's relay handily, finishing 10 seconds ahead of silver medalists and 11 seconds ahead of bronze winners .
In the men's competition, shocks 6β5, while the beats 8β5. edges , 6β5, and takes out 7β3.
stuns 2β0 in the men's competition. Swiss goaltender has 49 saves in the win. defeats the 2β1.
and of take gold and silver in the women's 1500 m. China's takes bronze, after the disqualification of third-finished of Korea.
In the men's 1000 m, and of South Korea take gold and silver with the ' taking the bronze.
The takes gold and silver in the men's 1000 m with outskating for first. of the receives bronze. Davis' victory makes him the first black person to win an individual gold medal in the history of the Winter Olympics.
After a disappointing performance on the K90 hill, ski jumpers and take gold and silver on the large hill, with the smallest possible margin of 0.1 points between them. , winner of gold on the normal hill, places third, rather far behind the Austrians. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 8 β February 18"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 9 β February 19 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | The bob driven by wins gold in the men's 2-man event 0.21 seconds ahead of the bob of and and 0.35 seconds ahead of 's sled. Brown becomes the first n-born competitor to win a Winter Olympic medal.
takes the gold in the men's 4x10 km relay, with Italian anchor crossing the finish line 15 seconds ahead of the team. takes the bronze.
In the men's competition, the surprises , 9β8.
In an evening of ice dancing marred by mistakes and falls by other pairs, and move into first place during the ice dancing original dance phase. and are in second and and are in third.
defeats 2β0 in the men's competition. defeats 2β1, securing the top spot in Group B.
of the wins the women's 1000 m in 1.16.05, 8 years after winning in . of comes in second and favorite of wins the bronze, 0.06 seconds behind Timmer. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 9 β February 19"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 10 β February 20 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | of comes from fifth place in the first run to win the event after two runs. of takes silver, and of gets another medal with his bronze.Two hours later, wins the event and grabs her second gold medal of the Games and giving the Austrians their second gold of the day. Austria also gets its second bronze of the day, as comes in third, behind powerhouse .
After downing 8β1, becomes the third team to qualify for the semi-finals in the women's competition, joining and . beats 9β8, occupying the fourth playoff spot.In the men's competition, defeats the 6β3 to qualify for the semi-finals, and will play the USA again in the first game of the medal round.
continues to dominate on the ice as and win the gold in the Ice Dancing competition. Americans and win the first medals in this event since , taking home the silver. and of earn bronze.
wins the gold in the women's tournament, defeating 4β1. The shuts out 4β0 in the bronze medal game.
wins the team event for the first time. takes the silver, while takes the bronze. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 10 β February 20"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 11 β February 21 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | The team takes gold in the men's 4 x 7.5Β km relay while teams from and take silver and bronze, respectively.
The team of and win gold in the women's event ahead of teams from the ( and ) and ( and ).
of the leads after the women's short program, with three-hundredths of a point behind. of is third.
defeats 3β0, winning every match in Group B and moving on to the quarterfinals, along with , Sweden and the . In Group A, , , and the all move on to the quarterfinals.
of wins gold in the LH Sprint competition while 's and 's finish in the silver and bronze positions.
wins gold in the men's 1500 m ahead of feuding teammates and , who take silver and bronze. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 11 β February 21"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 12 β February 22 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | of wins her first Olympic gold medal in the women's ; her fifth career medal. and take silver and bronze.
of wins a gold medal in her Olympic debut in the women's 1.1Β km sprint. 's edges out 's to earn the silver.
of claims the gold medal in the men's sprint in a rout. edges out to earn the silver.
In the men's semifinals, earns 5 points against the team in the 9th end, securing it a place in the final against , who beat 4β3. In the women's semi-finals. edges out 5β4, while beats 7β5.
In the women's aerials of wins the gold medal, ahead of of and .
defeats 2β0, moving on to the semi-finals to play the , who beat the 4β3. The defeats 3β1 and will play , who beat 6β2, in the quarter-finals.
wins the gold medal in the women's 3,000 m relay, while takes silver, and bronze.
of bests his older brother in the final of the men's parallel giant slalom to successfully defend his Olympic gold medal. of takes bronze.
and finish one-two in the women's 1,500 m competition, with Klassen winning by 1.47 seconds. of the takes bronze. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 12 β February 22"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 13 β February 23 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | Despite missing veteran , who failed an anti- test earlier in these Games, the team of , , and leads from start to finish in the 4x6 km relay, posting a gold medal-winning time of 1:16:12.5. Two-time defending gold medalists from Germany finish 50.7 seconds behind for the silver. The French team take the bronze, more than two minutes back.
The women's team skipped by win the gold medal match against with a 7β6 double take out on the hammer of the 11th end. defeats in the bronze medal match 11β5.
of performs a conservative but clean free skate to defeat of the and of , who both suffer falls and take silver and bronze, respectively. Arakawa's win gives Japan their first medal in Turin, as well as Japan's first figure skating gold.
's wins gold in men's aerials by a little more than two points over of . of wins bronze.
Defending World Cup champion of wins gold in the women's parallel giant slalom, with 's taking the silver and the bronze. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 13 β February 23"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 14 β February 24 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | captures gold in the women's . 's wins the silver, the country's first Olympic medal in the sport and wins the bronze.
of the wins the 30Β km freestyle event. claims the silver and gets the bronze.
defeats 10β4 in the gold medal match to win the nation's first gold medal in men's curling after winning silver in and . The men's team defeats by a score of 8β6 to take the bronze medal, America's first medal in curling.
Traditional gala evening at to conclude the figure skating events. pair and and skate accompanied by at the violin, playing from the ice.
In the men's competition, defeats the 7β3 to advance to the gold medal game. In the other semifinal, beats 4β0. Sweden and Finland will face off in the gold medal game, while the Czech Republic will face Russia in the bronze medal game.
of the , the reigning world champion, sets the winning time at 13:01.57 for the gold medal in the 10000 m event. skates to a silver medal, and the bronze goes to , also of the Netherlands. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 14 β February 24"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 15 β February 25 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | An sweep in the men's slalom with gold for , silver for , bronze for .
of Germany wins the men's 15Β km free gold medal. of Poland wins the silver and the bronze.
of Sweden wins the women's 12.5 km free gold with of Germany taking the silver and her compatriot capturing the bronze.
The bob driven by wins gold in the 4-man event 0.13 seconds ahead of the bob driven by and 0.41 seconds ahead of 's sled.
In the men's competition, the defeats 3β0 to win the bronze medal game.
American wins the men's 500 m, earning his second career gold medal. Canada's wins the silver, while of South Korea wins bronze, earning his third individual medal of the Olympics.
South Korea's wins her third gold of the Games in the women's 1000 m. Chinese women and take the silver and bronze respectively after 1500 m silver medalist , who originally finished third, is disqualified.
wins the gold medal in the men's 5000 m relay, takes the silver, while the gets bronze. wins his third gold medal of the Games, medaling in every men's short track event and bringing his total number of medals in Torino to four. Ahn and Jin become the first Korean athletes to win three gold medals in a single Olympics.
of sets the winning time at 6:59.07 for the gold medal in the 5000 m event. skates to a silver medal, and the bronze goes to another Canadian, , who wins her fifth medal of these Games. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 15 β February 25"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044551-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological%20summary%20of%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Chronological summary of the 2006 Winter Olympics | Day 16 β Closing ceremony β February 26 | This article contains a chronological summary of the in , . | of wins the 50Β km freestyle event. claims the silver and gets the bronze. The medals are presented during the closing ceremony.
defeats 3β2 to take the men's gold medal, with scoring the deciding goal in the final. The takes the bronze after beating .
gives the gold medal to her brother Giorgio. | [] | [
"Highlights",
"Day 16 β Closing ceremony β February 26"
] | [
"2006 Winter Olympics",
"Chronological summaries of the Olympics"
] |
projected-04044554-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheepeater%20Indian%20War | Sheepeater Indian War | Introduction | The Big Horned Sheepeater Indian War of 1879 was the last fought in the portion of the ; it took place primarily in . A high mountain band of approximately 300 , the , were known as the because they ate Big Horn Game like akin to other bands of Shoshone who were known by those sacred foods they lived amongst and ate by hunting, fishing, and gathering them, such as: the Agaideka; Salmoneaters, Tukadeka; Bighorn Game Eaters (Sheepeaters was the name given by settlers, as TukuDeka is translated as Big-Horned Game by Shoshone TukuDeka). The word "eater" used amongst the different bands across Shoshone homelands can be also translated into nourishment.. Tukadeka bands were proficient at hunting. Their Big Horned Sheep Bow and other Big Horned Bows were sought after by both settlers and other tribes. They were the last Tribe living Traditionally on the American Rocky Mountains they were known as 'Sheepeaters' as Bighorn Sheep were a main staple of food, clothing, and tools. The TukuDeka have become part of the Salmon Eater Shoshones after the war. They were being pushed from their homelands for settlers. The TukuDeka did not call this a war as it started with the brutal killing and attack of a small family in the Yellowstone area. Their Primary home was the Yellowstone Park. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Shoshone",
"Conflicts in 1879",
"Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America",
"Pre-statehood history of Idaho",
"Native American history of Idaho",
"Indian wars of the American Old West",
"Wars between the United States and Native Americans"
] |
|
projected-04044554-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheepeater%20Indian%20War | Sheepeater Indian War | Background | The Big Horned Sheepeater Indian War of 1879 was the last fought in the portion of the ; it took place primarily in . A high mountain band of approximately 300 , the , were known as the because they ate Big Horn Game like akin to other bands of Shoshone who were known by those sacred foods they lived amongst and ate by hunting, fishing, and gathering them, such as: the Agaideka; Salmoneaters, Tukadeka; Bighorn Game Eaters (Sheepeaters was the name given by settlers, as TukuDeka is translated as Big-Horned Game by Shoshone TukuDeka). The word "eater" used amongst the different bands across Shoshone homelands can be also translated into nourishment.. Tukadeka bands were proficient at hunting. Their Big Horned Sheep Bow and other Big Horned Bows were sought after by both settlers and other tribes. They were the last Tribe living Traditionally on the American Rocky Mountains they were known as 'Sheepeaters' as Bighorn Sheep were a main staple of food, clothing, and tools. The TukuDeka have become part of the Salmon Eater Shoshones after the war. They were being pushed from their homelands for settlers. The TukuDeka did not call this a war as it started with the brutal killing and attack of a small family in the Yellowstone area. Their Primary home was the Yellowstone Park. | Leading up to the war, European-American settlers accused the Shoshone of stealing horses (which they were known for being the horse people of these west) in and killing three settlers near present-day during the pursuit. In August, the Shoshone were accused of killing two prospectors in an ambush at , five miles from Cascade. By February 1879 they were accused of the murders of five at , murders at , and finally the murders of two ranchers in the South Fork of the in May. There was no evidence for these accusations. | [] | [
"Background"
] | [
"Shoshone",
"Conflicts in 1879",
"Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America",
"Pre-statehood history of Idaho",
"Native American history of Idaho",
"Indian wars of the American Old West",
"Wars between the United States and Native Americans"
] |
projected-04044554-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheepeater%20Indian%20War | Sheepeater Indian War | Campaign | The Big Horned Sheepeater Indian War of 1879 was the last fought in the portion of the ; it took place primarily in . A high mountain band of approximately 300 , the , were known as the because they ate Big Horn Game like akin to other bands of Shoshone who were known by those sacred foods they lived amongst and ate by hunting, fishing, and gathering them, such as: the Agaideka; Salmoneaters, Tukadeka; Bighorn Game Eaters (Sheepeaters was the name given by settlers, as TukuDeka is translated as Big-Horned Game by Shoshone TukuDeka). The word "eater" used amongst the different bands across Shoshone homelands can be also translated into nourishment.. Tukadeka bands were proficient at hunting. Their Big Horned Sheep Bow and other Big Horned Bows were sought after by both settlers and other tribes. They were the last Tribe living Traditionally on the American Rocky Mountains they were known as 'Sheepeaters' as Bighorn Sheep were a main staple of food, clothing, and tools. The TukuDeka have become part of the Salmon Eater Shoshones after the war. They were being pushed from their homelands for settlers. The TukuDeka did not call this a war as it started with the brutal killing and attack of a small family in the Yellowstone area. Their Primary home was the Yellowstone Park. | United States troops were ordered into action based on the settler's complaints. Heading the campaign against the Sheepeaters was Troop G of the led by Captain , Company C and a detachment of Company K from the under the command of First Lieutenant , and 20 Indian scouts commanded by Lieutenant of the . The troops were all heading toward , near present-day . Bernard headed North from , Catley headed South from , and Farrow headed East from the .
Throughout the campaign, the troops faced difficulty traveling through the rough terrain. The first segment of the campaign, from May 31 to September 8, was through the Salmon River, dubbed the "River of No Return" because it was barely navigable. By August 20, a Sheepeater raiding party of ten to fifteen Indians attacked the troops as they guarded a at on . Those who defended the pack train included Corporal along with six troopers and the chief packer, James Barnes. They managed to drive the Sheepeaters off with only one casualty, Private Harry Eagan of the 2nd Infantry. By October, the campaign ended once Lieutenants W.C. Brown and Edward S. Farrow, along with a group of twenty scouts, negotiated the surrender of the Sheepeaters. | [] | [
"Campaign"
] | [
"Shoshone",
"Conflicts in 1879",
"Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America",
"Pre-statehood history of Idaho",
"Native American history of Idaho",
"Indian wars of the American Old West",
"Wars between the United States and Native Americans"
] |
projected-04044554-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheepeater%20Indian%20War | Sheepeater Indian War | References | The Big Horned Sheepeater Indian War of 1879 was the last fought in the portion of the ; it took place primarily in . A high mountain band of approximately 300 , the , were known as the because they ate Big Horn Game like akin to other bands of Shoshone who were known by those sacred foods they lived amongst and ate by hunting, fishing, and gathering them, such as: the Agaideka; Salmoneaters, Tukadeka; Bighorn Game Eaters (Sheepeaters was the name given by settlers, as TukuDeka is translated as Big-Horned Game by Shoshone TukuDeka). The word "eater" used amongst the different bands across Shoshone homelands can be also translated into nourishment.. Tukadeka bands were proficient at hunting. Their Big Horned Sheep Bow and other Big Horned Bows were sought after by both settlers and other tribes. They were the last Tribe living Traditionally on the American Rocky Mountains they were known as 'Sheepeaters' as Bighorn Sheep were a main staple of food, clothing, and tools. The TukuDeka have become part of the Salmon Eater Shoshones after the war. They were being pushed from their homelands for settlers. The TukuDeka did not call this a war as it started with the brutal killing and attack of a small family in the Yellowstone area. Their Primary home was the Yellowstone Park. | Parker, Aaron. The Sheepeater Indian Campaign (Chamberlin Basin Country). Idaho Country Free Press, c1968. | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Shoshone",
"Conflicts in 1879",
"Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America",
"Pre-statehood history of Idaho",
"Native American history of Idaho",
"Indian wars of the American Old West",
"Wars between the United States and Native Americans"
] |
projected-04044559-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Argentina | Islam in Argentina | Introduction | is a predominantly country, with being a minority religion. Due to nature of the Argentine constitution, are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country. Although accurate statistics on religion are not available (because the national census does not solicit religious data) the actual size of 's Muslim community is estimated around 8% of the total population (900,000 to 500,000 members) according to the 2010. The Pew Research Centre estimates about 1,000,000 Muslims in Argentina in the year 2010. The however approximates that 1.9% of the population profess Islam as their faith. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Islam in Argentina",
"Islam by country"
] |
|
projected-04044559-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Argentina | Islam in Argentina | Early Muslim immigration | is a predominantly country, with being a minority religion. Due to nature of the Argentine constitution, are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country. Although accurate statistics on religion are not available (because the national census does not solicit religious data) the actual size of 's Muslim community is estimated around 8% of the total population (900,000 to 500,000 members) according to the 2010. The Pew Research Centre estimates about 1,000,000 Muslims in Argentina in the year 2010. The however approximates that 1.9% of the population profess Islam as their faith. | There are some indications that the Muslim presence within present day Argentinian territory dates back to the time of the Spanish exploration and conquest. The first mentioned Muslim settlers were the 15th century's ish- (Muslims of the Iberian peninsula of North African and Spanish descent) who explored the Americas with Spanish explorers, many of them settling in Argentina who were fleeing from persecution in such as the .
However, in the 19th century Argentina saw the first real wave of Arabs to settle within its territory, mostly from and . It is estimated that today there are about 3.5 million Argentinians of Arab descent, most of whom are Christian. | [] | [
"Early Muslim immigration"
] | [
"Islam in Argentina",
"Islam by country"
] |
projected-04044559-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Argentina | Islam in Argentina | Islamic institutions in Argentina | is a predominantly country, with being a minority religion. Due to nature of the Argentine constitution, are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country. Although accurate statistics on religion are not available (because the national census does not solicit religious data) the actual size of 's Muslim community is estimated around 8% of the total population (900,000 to 500,000 members) according to the 2010. The Pew Research Centre estimates about 1,000,000 Muslims in Argentina in the year 2010. The however approximates that 1.9% of the population profess Islam as their faith. | The first two s in the country were built in in the 80s: was opened in 1983 by the community of Buenos Aires and with the support of the Embassy of the to Argentina, while was opened in 1985 for the Muslims and is the first building with Islamic architecture in the country. There are also several mosques in other cities and regions throughout the country, including two in , two in and the southernmost mosque in the world, in .
The , the largest mosque in Argentina, was completed in 1996 with the help of the , the then King of Saudi Arabia, , on a piece of land measuring 20,000 mΒ². The total land area granted by the Argentine government measures 34,000 mΒ², and was offered by President following his visit to in 1992. The project cost around US$30 million, and includes a mosque, library, two schools, a park, is located in the middle-class district of .
The (IOLA), headquartered in Argentina, is considered the most active organization in in promoting Islamic affiliated endeavors. The IOLA holds events to promote the unification of Muslims living in Latin America, as well as the propagation of Islam. | [] | [
"Islamic institutions in Argentina"
] | [
"Islam in Argentina",
"Islam by country"
] |
projected-04044559-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Argentina | Islam in Argentina | Further reading | is a predominantly country, with being a minority religion. Due to nature of the Argentine constitution, are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country. Although accurate statistics on religion are not available (because the national census does not solicit religious data) the actual size of 's Muslim community is estimated around 8% of the total population (900,000 to 500,000 members) according to the 2010. The Pew Research Centre estimates about 1,000,000 Muslims in Argentina in the year 2010. The however approximates that 1.9% of the population profess Islam as their faith. | KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMERICA LATINA Tomo I: La expansiΓ³n del Islam y su llegada a AmΓ©rica Latina (Spanish Edition)"
KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMΓRICA LATINA Tomo II: MigraciΓ³n Γrabe a AmΓ©rica Latina y el caso de MΓ©xico (Spanish Edition)"
KUSUMO, Fitra Ismu, "ISLAM EN AMΓRICA LATINA Tomo III: El Islam hoy desde AmΓ©rica Latina (Spanish Edition)" | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Islam in Argentina",
"Islam by country"
] |
projected-04044562-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodom%20and%20Gomorrah%20%28disambiguation%29 | Sodom and Gomorrah (disambiguation) | Introduction | were infamous Biblical cities.
Sodom and Gomorrah may also refer to:
, an Austrian silent movie
, a Franco-Italian-American movie
, a 1975 pornographic movie by the Mitchell Brothers
, a play by Jean Giraudoux
Sodom and Gomorrah, volume four in the Marcel Proust novel
"Sodom and Gomorrah", a disco song by Village People on
"Sodom & Gomorra", a heavy metal song by Accept on
"Sodom & Gomorrah", a heavy metal song by Sodom on
Sodom and Gomorrah, ring names of the professional wrestling team and
, fictional characters from DC Comics | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] |
|
projected-04044565-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20George%20%28band%29 | Jimmy George (band) | Introduction | Jimmy George is a band from , , who combine with influences and formed in 1991. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Canadian folk rock groups",
"Celtic fusion groups",
"Musical groups from Ottawa",
"Musical groups established in 1991",
"1991 establishments in Ontario",
"Canadian Celtic music groups"
] |
|
projected-04044565-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20George%20%28band%29 | Jimmy George (band) | History | Jimmy George is a band from , , who combine with influences and formed in 1991. | The line-up through the majority of the Duke of Somerset years, recording of both albums and all videos was Eric Altman (drums, management), Joel Carlson (mandolin), Michael Eady (fiddle), Steve Donnelly (bass), Jeff Kerr (banjo), Michael "Spike" Lawson (guitar), J Todd (main vocals, acoustic guitar) and Mickey Vallee (accordion). While Todd took the majority of singing duties, other members sang harmonies and most sang lead on a song or two. The original, short-lived lineup consisted of Michael Lawson (electric guitar), Joel Carlson (mandolin), Steve Barry (vocals), Duncan Gillis (acoustic guitar/), Rob Porter (drums), (fiddle) and Colin Burns (bass).
At the end of their nine-year run as house band at the Duke of Somerset pub, the band consisted of J Todd, electric guitarist , bassist George Jennings, Joel Carlson on mandolin, on banjo, on accordion, and on drums. Other members at various times included (fiddle, vocals, 1991-1992), and (bass, 1991).
In 1993, the band was asked to open for in Peterborough and at Carleton University's Porter Hall in Ottawa. Bill Stunt, producer of CBC Radio's All In A Day program, was at the show in Ottawa and approached the band afterwards, offering to record the band's material using funding from the CBC development budget. Recording took place over the next few months at Ottawa's Sound of One Hand studio, and the album A Month of Sundays was released on Montreal's now-defunct Cargo Records later that year, with national distribution by . Two years later the band released their follow-up record Hotel Motel, produced by Marty Jones (), and recorded at Sound of One Hand and Raven Street Studios.
The band toured Canada twice and also played occasional shows in the United States. Most of the band also visited England and Ireland in July, 1992, busking in the streets of London and Dublin including Temple Bar.
Jimmy George was the house band at the basement Duke of Somerset pub in downtown Ottawa for a nine-year period, playing every Sunday night and one Thursday-Saturday weekend a month, sometimes playing the "Duke" up to 10 times in a month, as well as other shows around town. They played over 500 shows at the pub which was usually packed with revellers, including several St. Patrick's Days and New Year's Eves.
As the Duke of Somerset underwent renovations and crowds thinned, the band ceased recording and playing, playing a "final" show in 1997. They played regular "reunion" shows in Ottawa to celebrate or over the Christmas holidays for several years. In 2001, on the occasion of a reunion show at Barrymore's Music Hall in Ottawa, the band released the CD Same Sh!t Different Day, a collection of songs from their previous releases, plus some live recordings including the previously unreleased song "Where You Bleed". In April 2002, the band headlined Ottawa's Tulip Festival Concert Series and played a headline show at Ottawa's Barrymore's Music Hall.
On October 7, 2007, the former owners and staff of the Duke of Somerset pub organized a reunion event at local pub The Heart and Crown. Jimmy George played two sets with the line-up of J (vocals/acoustic guitar), Jeff (banjo), Mike (electric guitar), Joel (mandolin/bass), Rob (drums), Steve (bass/mandolin/accordion) and guest appearances by Angela McFall (Fairytale of New York) and Madeleine Giguere (Rock and Roll Thing) on vocals and Colin Burns on bass for a few songs.
On March 17, 2008, the band played a St. Patrick's Day show at Zaphod Beeblebrox in Ottawa. The lineup for this show consisted of J Todd (vocals, acoustic guitar), Joel Carlson (mandolin), Rob Porter (drums), Steve Donnelly (bass, electric guitar, accordion) and Colin Burns (bass on a few songs).
In December 2011 the band celebrated their 20th anniversary with 3 shows at Kaffe 1870 (Wakefield, QC) and Elmdale House Tavern (Ottawa, ON). Altman flew in from Japan and Vallee returned from Alberta for the occasion. The band played to capacity audiences for three nights; the second night featured all three drummers from the band's history, Altman, founding member Rob Porter and Tom Werbowetski. The band has since played occasional St. Patrick's Day shows at House of Targ in Ottawa. In 2018 the band also played the Grey Cup festivities in Ottawa in at .
The members continue to perform in bands including Bible All-Stars (Carlson); The Kingmakers, Ray Harris, Sean Oliver, KJ Thomas bands (Donnelly); Mike McDonald Broadband (Vallee). Several of the band's songs have been performed by other bands, including "Breakfast With St. Swithin", which appeared on Vancouver band The Town Pants' CD. Other bands have performed the band's "Token Celtic Drinking Song". Their songs have been featured in several television programs including MTV Live, American Restoration, Toddlers and Tiaras, The Willis Family, Southbound, Still Standing and Southie Rules. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Canadian folk rock groups",
"Celtic fusion groups",
"Musical groups from Ottawa",
"Musical groups established in 1991",
"1991 establishments in Ontario",
"Canadian Celtic music groups"
] |
projected-04044565-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20George%20%28band%29 | Jimmy George (band) | TV appearances | Jimmy George is a band from , , who combine with influences and formed in 1991. | The band has made several TV appearances, including , (CBC), and (CITY TV Toronto). | [
"Jimmy george rita and friends.JPG"
] | [
"TV appearances"
] | [
"Canadian folk rock groups",
"Celtic fusion groups",
"Musical groups from Ottawa",
"Musical groups established in 1991",
"1991 establishments in Ontario",
"Canadian Celtic music groups"
] |
projected-04044565-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20George%20%28band%29 | Jimmy George (band) | Festivals | Jimmy George is a band from , , who combine with influences and formed in 1991. | The band played at festivals including Northern Lights (Sudbury), Ottawa Folk Festival (Ottawa), Tulip Festival (Ottawa), Mariposa (Toronto), Music West (Vancouver), North By Northeast (NXNE) (Toronto), Canadian Music Week (Toronto) and Riverfest (Deep River). | [] | [
"Festivals"
] | [
"Canadian folk rock groups",
"Celtic fusion groups",
"Musical groups from Ottawa",
"Musical groups established in 1991",
"1991 establishments in Ontario",
"Canadian Celtic music groups"
] |
projected-04044565-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20George%20%28band%29 | Jimmy George (band) | Videos | Jimmy George is a band from , , who combine with influences and formed in 1991. | One Convention (1995)
Four Feet From Shore (1993) | [] | [
"Videos"
] | [
"Canadian folk rock groups",
"Celtic fusion groups",
"Musical groups from Ottawa",
"Musical groups established in 1991",
"1991 establishments in Ontario",
"Canadian Celtic music groups"
] |
projected-04044565-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20George%20%28band%29 | Jimmy George (band) | Discography | Jimmy George is a band from , , who combine with influences and formed in 1991. | A Month of Sundays (1993)
Hotel Motel (1995)
Same #$%! Different Day (2001) | [] | [
"Discography"
] | [
"Canadian folk rock groups",
"Celtic fusion groups",
"Musical groups from Ottawa",
"Musical groups established in 1991",
"1991 establishments in Ontario",
"Canadian Celtic music groups"
] |
projected-04044566-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Y.%20McCollister | John Y. McCollister | Introduction | John Yetter McCollister (June 10, 1921 β November 1, 2013) was an American politician.
He was born to John M. McCollister and Ruth Yetter McCollister in . In 1939 he graduated from in and in 1943 he graduated from the in Iowa City. He married Nanette Stokes on August 22, 1943. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"American Presbyterians",
"County supervisors and commissioners in Nebraska",
"Politicians from Iowa City, Iowa",
"Politicians from Sioux Falls, South Dakota",
"University of Iowa alumni",
"1921 births",
"2013 deaths",
"Deaths from cancer in Nebraska",
"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
"United States Navy officers",
"United States Navy reservists",
"Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska",
"20th-century American politicians",
"Military personnel from Iowa"
] |
|
projected-04044566-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Y.%20McCollister | John Y. McCollister | Career | John Yetter McCollister (June 10, 1921 β November 1, 2013) was an American politician.
He was born to John M. McCollister and Ruth Yetter McCollister in . In 1939 he graduated from in and in 1943 he graduated from the in Iowa City. He married Nanette Stokes on August 22, 1943. | McCollister was a in from 1943 to 1946. From 1960 to 1971 and again from 1979 to 1986 he was president of McCollister & Co.
For two terms from 1965 to 1970, he was the Commissioner. He was a delegate to the Nebraska State Republican conventions from 1960 to 1970, and delegate to the . He was elected as a Republican to the , defeating incumbent in the Republican primary. He was reelected to the and serving from January 3, 1971 to January 3, 1977. In 1976, he decided to run instead for the U.S. Senate but was unsuccessful, losing to Mayor by a 53% to 47% margin. He was a presidential elector for Nebraska in 2000. | [] | [
"Career"
] | [
"American Presbyterians",
"County supervisors and commissioners in Nebraska",
"Politicians from Iowa City, Iowa",
"Politicians from Sioux Falls, South Dakota",
"University of Iowa alumni",
"1921 births",
"2013 deaths",
"Deaths from cancer in Nebraska",
"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
"United States Navy officers",
"United States Navy reservists",
"Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska",
"20th-century American politicians",
"Military personnel from Iowa"
] |
projected-04044566-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Y.%20McCollister | John Y. McCollister | Personal life | John Yetter McCollister (June 10, 1921 β November 1, 2013) was an American politician.
He was born to John M. McCollister and Ruth Yetter McCollister in . In 1939 he graduated from in and in 1943 he graduated from the in Iowa City. He married Nanette Stokes on August 22, 1943. | McCollister was a resident of .
McCollister died of cancer in November 2013.
McCollister is the father of , current state senator from district 20 in Omaha. | [] | [
"Personal life"
] | [
"American Presbyterians",
"County supervisors and commissioners in Nebraska",
"Politicians from Iowa City, Iowa",
"Politicians from Sioux Falls, South Dakota",
"University of Iowa alumni",
"1921 births",
"2013 deaths",
"Deaths from cancer in Nebraska",
"United States Navy personnel of World War II",
"United States Navy officers",
"United States Navy reservists",
"Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska",
"20th-century American politicians",
"Military personnel from Iowa"
] |
projected-04044586-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Yuuzhan%20vong | List of Yuuzhan vong | Introduction | {{safesubst:#invoke:RfD|||month = November
|day = 1
|year = 2022
|time = 17:18
|timestamp = 20221101171840
|content=
REDIRECT
}} | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] |
|
projected-04044587-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP18%20transmission | ZF 4HP18 transmission | Introduction | The ZF 4HP18 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, and produced through 1998, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
|
projected-04044587-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP18%20transmission | ZF 4HP18 transmission | 4HP18FL | The ZF 4HP18 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, and produced through 1998, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | 1988β1992 V6 2.8
1988β1992 / V6 3.0 | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP18FL"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044587-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP18%20transmission | ZF 4HP18 transmission | 4HP18FLA (Audi Quattro 4x4) | The ZF 4HP18 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, and produced through 1998, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | version: ,
1992β1994 (C4) 5-cyl 2.2 Turbo
1992β1994 (C4) CS 2.8 V6
1995β1997 (C4) 2.8 V6
1995β1997 (C4) 5-cyl 2.2 Turbo | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP18FLA (Audi Quattro 4x4)"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044587-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP18%20transmission | ZF 4HP18 transmission | 4HP18FLE (Audi FWD) | The ZF 4HP18 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, and produced through 1998, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | 1991β1994 4-cyl 3.0
1992β1993 2.8 V6
1992β1994 CS 2.8 V6
1992β1994 S 2.8 V6
1995β1997 2.8 V6
1995β1997 2.5 TDI (AEL) (AAT) | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP18FLE (Audi FWD)"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044587-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP18%20transmission | ZF 4HP18 transmission | 4HP18Q | The ZF 4HP18 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, and produced through 1998, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | 1987β1989 2.0
1987β1989 2.5
1987β1998
1989β1993 V6 3.0
1989β1998 2.0
1989β1998 V6 3.0
1989β1994 2.0
1989β1994 2.0
1989β1992 V6 3.0
1989β1999 2.0
1989β1999 V6 3.0 | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP18Q"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044587-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP18%20transmission | ZF 4HP18 transmission | 4HP18QE | The ZF 4HP18 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, and produced through 1998, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | 1993β1997 V6 3.0
1993β1994 V6 3.0 | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP18QE"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044587-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP18%20transmission | ZF 4HP18 transmission | 4HP18EH | The ZF 4HP18 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, and produced through 1998, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | 1994β1998 V6 3.0 | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP18EH"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044610-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Captive | The Captive | Introduction | The Captive may refer to: | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] |
|
projected-04044610-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Captive | The Captive | Films | The Captive may refer to: | , a 1915 drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille
The Captive, the English title of La Prisonnière, a 1968 film, the final work of French director
(The Captive), a 2000 drama film directed by Chantal Akerman
, a 2014 film directed by Atom Egoyan | [] | [
"Films"
] | [] |
projected-04044610-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Captive | The Captive | Literature | The Captive may refer to: | , a work by the Irish writer Isaac Bickerstaffe
The Captive, the English title of La Prisonnière, part of , a 1927 novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust
, a 1926 English-language adaptation by Arthur Hornblow, Jr. of the play La prisonniΓ¨re by Γdouard Bourdet | [] | [
"Literature"
] | [] |
projected-04044610-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Captive | The Captive | Other arts, entertainment, and media | The Captive may refer to: | , an album by former Dispatch member Braddigan
, by Joseph Wright of Derby | [] | [
"Other arts, entertainment, and media"
] | [] |
projected-04044623-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20McCollister | John McCollister | Introduction | John McCollister may refer to:
(1921β2013), Nebraska politician, member of U.S. House of Representatives
(b. 1947), Nebraska politician, son of John Y. McCollister | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] |
|
projected-04044625-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | Introduction | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
|
projected-04044625-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | History | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | The New Frontiers program was developed and advocated by NASA and granted by Congress in CY 2002 and 2003. This effort was led by two long-time NASA executives at headquarters at that time: , Associate Administrator of Science, and , Solar System Exploration Division Director. The mission to Pluto had already been selected before this program was successfully endorsed and funded, so the mission to Pluto, called New Horizons, was "grandfathered" into the New Frontiers program.
The 2003 from the National Academy of Sciences identified destinations that then served as the source of the first competition for the New Frontiers program. The NASA program name is based on President John F. Kennedy's "" political agenda speech in 1960, in which he constantly used the words "New Frontier" to describe a variety of social issues and noted how exploration did not end with the American West as once thought. As President, Kennedy would also invest heavily in funding for NASA.
Examples of proposed mission concepts include three broad groups based on goals.
From New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy
Kuiper Belt Pluto Explorer (realized in )
Jupiter Polar Orbiter with Probes (led to )
Comet Surface Sample Return Mission: (CAESAR) (see also the similar , which targeted a , not a comet.)
From Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013β2022
Lunar Geophysical Network
Trojan Tour and Rendezvous
From Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023-2032
Centaur Orbiter and Lander
Ceres Sample Return
Enceladus Multiple Flyby
Titan Orbiter | [
"Junoearthflyby.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
projected-04044625-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | New Horizons (New Frontiers 1) | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | , a mission to , was launched on January 19, 2006. After a in February 2007 the spacecraft continued towards Pluto. The primary mission flyby occurred on July 14, 2015, and the spacecraft was then targeted toward one object called for a January 1, 2019 flyby. Another mission that was considered with this mission was . | [] | [
"Missions in progress",
"New Horizons (New Frontiers 1)"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
projected-04044625-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | Juno (New Frontiers 2) | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | is a exploration mission which launched on August 5, 2011, and arrived in July 2016. It is the first solar-powered spacecraft to explore an outer planet. The craft was placed into a in order to study the planet's and internal structure.
NASA's mission to Jupiter provided extensive knowledge about its upper atmosphere, however, further study of Jupiter is crucial not only to the understanding of its origin and nature of the Solar System, but also of giant s in general. The Juno spacecraft investigation is intended to address the following objectives for Jupiter:
Understand Jupiter's gross dynamical and structural properties through determination of the mass and size of Jupiter's core, its gravitational and magnetic fields, and internal convection;
Measure the Jovian atmospheric composition, particularly the condensable-gas abundances (H2O, NH3, CH4 and H2S), the Jovian atmospheric temperature profile, wind velocity profile, and cloud opacity to greater depths than achieved by the Galileo entry probe with a goal of 100 at multiple latitudes; and
Investigate and characterize the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere. | [
"JUNO - PIA13746.jpg"
] | [
"Missions in progress",
"Juno (New Frontiers 2)"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
projected-04044625-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | OSIRIS-REx (New Frontiers 3) | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | OSIRIS-REx stands for "Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer", and was launched on 8 September 2016. This mission plan is to orbit an asteroid, at the time named (now ), by 2020. After extensive measurements, the spacecraft will collect a sample from the asteroid's surface for return to Earth in 2023. The mission, minus the cost of the launch vehicle ($183.5 million), is expected to cost approximately $800 million. The returned sample will help scientists answer long-held questions about the and the origin of complex s necessary for the .
Asteroid Bennu is a potential future Earth impactor and is listed on the with the third highest rating on the (circa 2015). In the late 2100s there is a cumulative chance of about 0.07% it could strike Earth, therefore there is a need to measure the composition and of the asteroid. | [
"Osiris-rex-mission-logo12 copy.png"
] | [
"Missions in progress",
"OSIRIS-REx (New Frontiers 3)"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
projected-04044625-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | Dragonfly (New Frontiers 4) | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | Dragonfly will send a mobile robotic to Saturn's biggest moon and will make use of s (MMRTG) for power to navigate through the atmosphere of Titan. The development cost cap is approximately $1 billion. As of May 2021, Dragonfly is scheduled for launch in June 2027.
The competition for the fourth mission began in January 2017. Per recommendation by the Decadal Survey, NASA's announcement of opportunity was limited to six mission themes:
Comet Surface Sample Return - a lander and sample return mission
Lunar South Pole Sample Return - a mission to land at the Moon's and return samples to Earth
Ocean Worlds (Titan and/or Enceladus)
Saturn Probe - an atmospheric probe
Trojan Tour and Rendezvous - a mission to fly by two or more asteroids
Venus Lander
NASA received and reviewed 12 proposals:
Comet Surface Sample Return
(CONDOR), to retrieve a sample from .
(CORSAIR) would sample comet .
(CAESAR) to comet
Lunar South Pole Sample Return
, a sample return mission to explore the lunar
Ocean Worlds
, an orbiter to investigate 's potential .
, a rotorcraft that would fly over the landscape and oceans of Titan to study prebiotic chemistry.
(ELF), an astrobiology orbiter to Enceladus.
(ELSAH)
Saturn Probe
(SPRITE), an atmospheric probe to investigate Saturn's atmosphere and composition.
Trojan Tour and Rendezvous
None
Venus Lander
(VISAGE), a atmospheric probe and lander.
(VICI), a lander.
(VOX), a Venus orbiter.
Out of 12 initial proposals, NASA selected two for additional concept studies on 20 December 2017, including Dragonfly.
The two finalists, and Dragonfly, each received $4 million funding through the end of 2018 to further develop and mature their concepts. On June 27, 2019, NASA announced the selection of as the New Frontiers 4 mission for a launch in 2026, later delayed to June 2027. | [
"Dragonfly spacecraft landing.png",
"Dragonfly Mission Insignia.png"
] | [
"Planned missions",
"Dragonfly (New Frontiers 4)"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
projected-04044625-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | New Frontiers 5 | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | The Decadal Survey recommends that two New Frontiers missions be selected per decade. The 2018 Midterm Review of the 2013β2022 Decadal Survey found that NASA is falling behind on this cadence, and recommends the release of the New Frontiers 5 Announcement of Opportunity no later than December 2021. , Associate Administrator for the , responded positively to the Midterm Review's recommendation, stating that NASA is "committed to conducting two New Frontiers competitions per decade" and currently plans to release the Announcement of Opportunity in 2021 or 2022, though the Midterm Review estimates a release date as late as 2023.
The Decadal Survey recommended the Io Observer and Lunar Geophysical Network proposals for New Frontiers 5, in addition to the previous recommendations.
As of May 2021, NASA plans to release the New Frontiers 5 Announcement of Opportunity in 2024. | [] | [
"Planned missions",
"New Frontiers 5"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
projected-04044625-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Frontiers%20program | New Frontiers program | See also | The New Frontiers program is a series of space exploration missions being conducted by with the purpose of furthering the understanding of the . The program selects medium-class missions which can provide high science returns.
NASA is encouraging both domestic and international s to submit mission proposals for the program. New Frontiers was built on the innovative approach used by the and Programs of -led missions. It is designed for medium-class missions that cannot be accomplished within the cost and time constraints of Discovery, but are not as large as (Flagship missions).
There are currently three New Frontiers missions in progress and one in development. , which was launched in 2006 and reached Pluto in 2015, , which was launched in 2011 and entered Jupiter orbit in 2016, and , launched in September 2016 towards asteroid for detailed studies from 2018 to 2021 and a sample return to Earth in 2023.
On June 27, 2019, was selected to become the fourth mission in the New Frontiers program. | , ESA program that has several mission classes | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"New Frontiers program",
"NASA programs"
] |
projected-04044629-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP20%20transmission | ZF 4HP20 transmission | Introduction | The ZF 4HP20 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1995, it remains in production, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , and . | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
|
projected-04044629-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP20%20transmission | ZF 4HP20 transmission | Applications | The ZF 4HP20 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1995, it remains in production, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , and . | 1996β2004 V6 3.0
1996β2003
1996β2003
1997β2001 V6 3.0
1997β2001 V6 3.0
1997β1999 V6 3.0
1998β2002 V6 2.5, V6 3.0
1998β2005 , V6 3.0
1998β2008 3.0
1998β2002 V6 3.0
1999β2000 V6 3.0 24V
2001β2008 and , and
2004β2010
2003β2006 2.8 JTD(244 Baumuster) | [] | [
"Applications"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044629-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP20%20transmission | ZF 4HP20 transmission | See also | The ZF 4HP20 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1995, it remains in production, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , and . | The maximum torque capacity is 330 Nm. | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044633-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebae%20anemone | Sebae anemone | Introduction | The sebae anemone (Heteractis crispa), also known as leathery sea anemone, long tentacle anemone, or purple tip anemone, is a species of belonging to the and native to the area. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Stichodactylidae",
"Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean",
"Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean",
"Marine fauna of Asia",
"Marine fauna of Oceania",
"Marine fauna of Southeast Asia",
"Anthozoa of Australia",
"Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg",
"Animals described in 1834"
] |
|
projected-04044633-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebae%20anemone | Sebae anemone | Description | The sebae anemone (Heteractis crispa), also known as leathery sea anemone, long tentacle anemone, or purple tip anemone, is a species of belonging to the and native to the area. | The sebae anemone is characterized by a flared oral disc which reaches between 20 and 50Β cm in diameter and with multiple and long tentacles measuring 10 to 15Β cm. These tentacles have rounded tip and the end is often colored with a purple or blue spot. The column, external structure of an anemone visible when the animal is closed, is gray in color and dotted with sticky whitish "warts". The sea anemone, being member of the , usually carries a number of tentacles multiple of six and they are positioned in concentric circles. These are light beige to purple. | [] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Stichodactylidae",
"Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean",
"Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean",
"Marine fauna of Asia",
"Marine fauna of Oceania",
"Marine fauna of Southeast Asia",
"Anthozoa of Australia",
"Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg",
"Animals described in 1834"
] |
projected-04044633-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebae%20anemone | Sebae anemone | Distribution and habitat | The sebae anemone (Heteractis crispa), also known as leathery sea anemone, long tentacle anemone, or purple tip anemone, is a species of belonging to the and native to the area. | The sebae anemone is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area from the eastern coasts of Africa, included, to and from south Japan to Australia and .
This sea anemone prefers hard base substrates slightly covered with sand but it can also cling to branching corals from the surface to 40 meters deep. | [] | [
"Distribution and habitat"
] | [
"Stichodactylidae",
"Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean",
"Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean",
"Marine fauna of Asia",
"Marine fauna of Oceania",
"Marine fauna of Southeast Asia",
"Anthozoa of Australia",
"Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg",
"Animals described in 1834"
] |
projected-04044633-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebae%20anemone | Sebae anemone | Biology | The sebae anemone (Heteractis crispa), also known as leathery sea anemone, long tentacle anemone, or purple tip anemone, is a species of belonging to the and native to the area. | The sebae anemone has two ways to feed. The first one is through the inside via of its symbiotic hosts e, living in its tissues. And the second one is through a normal way by capturing its preys via its tentacles that allow it to immobilize its prey (small invertebrates, fry, or juvenile fish).
Its reproduction can be by simultaneous transmission of male and female in the water or by ; the anemone divides itself into two separate individuals from the foot or the mouth.
The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is highly in structure. With 15 species of hosted anemonefish, the sebae anemone is highly generalist, and mostly hosts generalist anemonefish. , the wide-band anemonefish, is a specialist only hosted by H. crispa.. In the Red Sea, it is considered a nursery anemone as sexually mature fish are rarely hosted by H. crispa. A study in the northern Red Sea found anemone density affected whether H. crispa hosted anemonefish, with clusters of juvenile fish only found at low-density sites, while either one or no juvenile anemonefish were found in H. crispa at the high-density site. The authors theorised that H. crispa was a nursery anemone due to being unable to adequately protect adult anemonefish from , active emigration of fish to and/or environmentally controlled cessation of fish growth. Why this would be so in the Red Sea is not clear, when in the western Pacific, adult pairs are found in individuals of H. crispa.
The anemone fish hosted by the sebae anemone are:
(Barrier Reef anemonefish)
(Barber's anemonefish)
(two-band anemonefish)
(orange-fin anemonefish)
(Clark's anemonefish)
(red saddleback anemonefish)
(wide-band anemonefish)
(white-bonnet anemonefish)
(red and black anemonefish)
(Oman anemonefish)
(clown anemonefish)
(pink skunk anemonefish)
(saddleback anemonefish)
(orange anemonefish)
(three-band anemonefish)
Juveniles of are also associated with H. crispa''. | [] | [
"Biology"
] | [
"Stichodactylidae",
"Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean",
"Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean",
"Marine fauna of Asia",
"Marine fauna of Oceania",
"Marine fauna of Southeast Asia",
"Anthozoa of Australia",
"Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg",
"Animals described in 1834"
] |
projected-04044633-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebae%20anemone | Sebae anemone | Gallery | The sebae anemone (Heteractis crispa), also known as leathery sea anemone, long tentacle anemone, or purple tip anemone, is a species of belonging to the and native to the area. | Anemonefish in H. crispa | [] | [
"Gallery"
] | [
"Stichodactylidae",
"Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean",
"Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean",
"Marine fauna of Asia",
"Marine fauna of Oceania",
"Marine fauna of Southeast Asia",
"Anthozoa of Australia",
"Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg",
"Animals described in 1834"
] |
projected-04044636-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%20River%20%28Iowa%29 | Maple River (Iowa) | Introduction | The Maple River is a river in the . It flows through western and is long. The Maple River rises in , and flows generally southwest through , , , and finally joining with the near . Much of the river has been channelized.
The Maple River was named from the trees along its banks. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Rivers of Iowa",
"Rivers of Buena Vista County, Iowa",
"Rivers of Ida County, Iowa",
"Rivers of Woodbury County, Iowa",
"Rivers of Monona County, Iowa"
] |
|
projected-04044641-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Jevne%20State%20Park | Franz Jevne State Park | Introduction | Franz Jevne State Park is a of , USA. It is located on the (which demarks the ) between and in .
Mammalian species of , , and roam in this park. Many birds are found along the Rainy River by visitors such as various songbirds, s, s, and s.
The land for the park was donated to the state by the Franz Jevne family; the park was created in 1967 by the Minnesota Legislature. By area, it is the smallest of Minnesota's state parks. | [
"Franz Jevne State Park - Rainy River, Minnesota US-Canada Border.jpg"
] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1967 establishments in Minnesota",
"Protected areas established in 1967",
"Protected areas of Koochiching County, Minnesota",
"State parks of Minnesota"
] |
|
projected-04044649-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20process%20variation | Natural process variation | Introduction | Natural process variation, sometimes just called process variation, is the description of natural fluctuations in process outputs. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Statistical process control"
] |
|
projected-04044649-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20process%20variation | Natural process variation | Equations | Natural process variation, sometimes just called process variation, is the description of natural fluctuations in process outputs. | The following equations are used for an x-bar-:
In the example, with nΒ = 10 samples, the targeted , , and of the mean, are:
That is, independent 10-sample means should themselves have a of 0.0316. It is natural that the means vary this much, for by the the means should have a , regardless of the distribution of the samples themselves.
The importance of knowing the natural process variation becomes clear when we apply . In a stable process, the mean is on target; in the example, the target is the filling, set to 1 litre. The variation within the upper and lower (UCL and LCL) is considered the natural variation of the process. | [] | [
"Equations"
] | [
"Statistical process control"
] |
projected-04044649-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20process%20variation | Natural process variation | Usage | Natural process variation, sometimes just called process variation, is the description of natural fluctuations in process outputs. | When a sample average (size nΒ = 10 in this case) is located outside the control limits, then this is an indication that the process is out of (statistical) control. To be more specific:
The rules conclude that the process is out of control if:
One point plots outside the 3Ο-limits (the UCL and LCL).
Two out of three consecutive points plot beyond a 2Ο-limit.
Four out of five consecutive points plot at a distance of 1Ο or beyond from the centerline.
Eight consecutive points plot on one side of the center line. | [] | [
"Usage"
] | [
"Statistical process control"
] |
projected-04044649-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20process%20variation | Natural process variation | Goal | Natural process variation, sometimes just called process variation, is the description of natural fluctuations in process outputs. | The most important goal of understanding the principle of natural is to consider the natural variance in the output before we make any changes to the process. Since tends to minimize the process variations in time, as we better understand the process and have more experience with running it, we try to reduce the variation of it. The knowledge of the principle of natural helps us avoid making any unnecessary changes to the process, which might add variance to the process, instead of removing it. | [] | [
"Goal"
] | [
"Statistical process control"
] |
projected-04044649-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20process%20variation | Natural process variation | References | Natural process variation, sometimes just called process variation, is the description of natural fluctuations in process outputs. | Douglas C. Montgomery, George C. Runger. Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 4/e. Wiley, 2006. .
An Introduction to Understanding Variation
Respecting Natural Variation | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Statistical process control"
] |
projected-04044658-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP22%20transmission | ZF 4HP22 transmission | Introduction | The 4HP 22 is a four-speed from for with or layout. Introduced in 1980, it was produced through 2003, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
|
projected-04044658-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP22%20transmission | ZF 4HP22 transmission | Torque | The 4HP 22 is a four-speed from for with or layout. Introduced in 1980, it was produced through 2003, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | The ZF 4HP 22 can handle from 100 to 380 NM of input torque. | [] | [
"Specifications",
"Torque"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044658-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP22%20transmission | ZF 4HP22 transmission | 4HP 22 | The 4HP 22 is a four-speed from for with or layout. Introduced in 1980, it was produced through 2003, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | 1984β1988 316 M10/B18
1987β1988 316i M10/B18
1988β1994 316i M40/B16
1984β1987 318i M10/B18
1987β1994 318i M40/B18
1982β1993 320i M20/B20
1982β1986 323i M20/B23
1985β1990 324d M21/D24
1987β1990 324td M21/D24
1983β1988 325e M20/B27: Type A
1985β1993 325i M20/B25: Type A
1986β1992 325ix M20/B25: Type A
1981β1987 518i M10/B18: Type B
1981β1987 520i M20/B20: Type B
1986β1988 524d M21/D24: Type B
1983β1987 524td M21/D24: Type B
1983β1988 525e M20/B27: Type A
1981β1987 525i M30/B25: Type A
1981β1987 528e M20/B27
1981β1987 528i M30/B28: Type A
1983β1984 533i M30/B32
1984β1988 535i M30/B34: Type A
1983β1989 633CSi M30/B32
1983β1987 635CSi M30/B34
1983β1984 733i M30/B32
1984β1987 735i M30/B34: Type A
1984β1987 745i (South African version) M88/3: Type A
1988β1992 520i M20/B20: Type A
1988β1992 524td M21/D24: Type B
1988β1990 525i M20/B25 : Type A
1988β1992 530i M30/B30 : Type A
1988β1993 535i M30/B35: Type A
1986β1994 730i M30/B30: Type A
1986β1992 735i M30/B35: Type A
1986β1992 735iL M30/B35: Type A
1988β1992 2.5 (): Type A
1988β1992 4.1 (): Type A
1987β1993 3.6
1994β1997 3.2
1987β1991 3.6
1997 90 V8 4.0L North America Spec
1998 90 V8 4.0L Defender 50th Special Edition
1992β1999 V8 3.9L
1999β2002 V8 4.0L
1987β2002 (except 4.6)
1984β1985 2.4Β litre (- )
Excel SA 1986 β1991 Twin Cam 4 Cyl Lotus 2.2L 180bhp
1988β1997 2.5 V6
1988β1997 2.8 V6
1994β1998 2.8 V6
1986β1997 2.0 (,): Type A
1986β1997 2.0 (): Type A
1986β1997 2.2 (,): Type A
1986β1997 2.2 (): Type A
1986β1997 2.5 (): Type A
1986β1997 2.8 (): Type A
1987β1989 2.5
preβ1985 GL, GLE 2.3 (non turbo) : Type B
1986βafter GL, GLE 2.3 (non turbo) : Type A
1984β1986 2.4L TD (ZF 4HP 22L)
1986β1991 2.3L
1983β1986 GLE 2.4 Turbo Diesel : Type B
1991β1995 2.3 | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP 22"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044658-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP22%20transmission | ZF 4HP22 transmission | 4HP 22EH | The 4HP 22 is a four-speed from for with or layout. Introduced in 1980, it was produced through 2003, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | configuration
1999β2004 TD5 Diesel | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP 22EH"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044658-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP22%20transmission | ZF 4HP22 transmission | 4HP 22HL | The 4HP 22 is a four-speed from for with or layout. Introduced in 1980, it was produced through 2003, and has been used in a variety of cars from , , , , , , , and . | configuration
1989β1993 Carrera II 3.6
1993β1998 3.6 | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP 22HL"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044662-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilonis%20%28daughter%20of%20Leotychidas%29 | Chilonis (daughter of Leotychidas) | Introduction | Chilonis () was a n princess, daughter of Leotychidas, wife of , then , with whom she had . She is known from 's "Life of Pyrrhus". | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Spartan princesses",
"Spartan women in ancient warfare",
"3rd-century BC Spartans",
"3rd-century BC Greek women"
] |
|
projected-04044662-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilonis%20%28daughter%20of%20Leotychidas%29 | Chilonis (daughter of Leotychidas) | Biography | Chilonis () was a n princess, daughter of Leotychidas, wife of , then , with whom she had . She is known from 's "Life of Pyrrhus". | Her much older husband Cleonymus, a son of , had not been allowed to succeed to his father's throne because of his violent and tyrannical behaviour, and had spent many years away from Sparta as a soldier of fortune. Chilonis was unfaithful to him with , son of the king . Areus was away with his army in , (272 BC) when Cleonymus attacked his homeland with the help of .
Chilonis preferred death to a return to her husband; in Plutarch's account of the battle, she kept a rope tied around her neck ready to commit suicide in the case of defeat. With the help of their women, the Spartans, led by Acrotatus, were able to withstand the attack, until the return of the king from Gortyn. He was able to defeat Pyrrhus and Cleonymus decisively.
Chilonis and Acrotatus had a child, who later ruled as , . | [] | [
"Biography"
] | [
"Spartan princesses",
"Spartan women in ancient warfare",
"3rd-century BC Spartans",
"3rd-century BC Greek women"
] |
projected-04044662-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilonis%20%28daughter%20of%20Leotychidas%29 | Chilonis (daughter of Leotychidas) | References | Chilonis () was a n princess, daughter of Leotychidas, wife of , then , with whom she had . She is known from 's "Life of Pyrrhus". | Plutarch, , Pyrrhus
Smith, William "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities edited",Little, Brown Co, 1870
Sarah B. Pomeroy, Spartan Women, Oxford University Press, 2002 | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Spartan princesses",
"Spartan women in ancient warfare",
"3rd-century BC Spartans",
"3rd-century BC Greek women"
] |
projected-04044685-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyle%20%28electoral%20district%29 | Argyle (electoral district) | Introduction | Argyle is a provincial in , which existed between 1981 and 2013 and since 2021. It elects one member of the . It was created in 1981 when the district of was split into two separate districts. The district comprises most of the , an area occupying the eastern half of .
The electoral district was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral district of . It was re-created following the 2019 electoral boundary review out of Argyle-Barrington. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Former provincial electoral districts of Nova Scotia"
] |
|
projected-04044685-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyle%20%28electoral%20district%29 | Argyle (electoral district) | Geography | Argyle is a provincial in , which existed between 1981 and 2013 and since 2021. It elects one member of the . It was created in 1981 when the district of was split into two separate districts. The district comprises most of the , an area occupying the eastern half of .
The electoral district was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral district of . It was re-created following the 2019 electoral boundary review out of Argyle-Barrington. | The riding of Argyle has of landmass. | [] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Former provincial electoral districts of Nova Scotia"
] |
projected-04044685-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyle%20%28electoral%20district%29 | Argyle (electoral district) | Members of the Legislative Assembly | Argyle is a provincial in , which existed between 1981 and 2013 and since 2021. It elects one member of the . It was created in 1981 when the district of was split into two separate districts. The district comprises most of the , an area occupying the eastern half of .
The electoral district was abolished following the 2012 electoral boundary review and was largely replaced by the new electoral district of . It was re-created following the 2019 electoral boundary review out of Argyle-Barrington. | The electoral district was represented by the following : | [] | [
"Members of the Legislative Assembly"
] | [
"Former provincial electoral districts of Nova Scotia"
] |
projected-04044691-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP24%20transmission | ZF 4HP24 transmission | Introduction | The ZF 4HP24 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , and . | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
|
projected-04044691-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP24%20transmission | ZF 4HP24 transmission | 4HP24 | The ZF 4HP24 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , and . | 1986β1994 750i M70/B50
1986β1994 BMW E32 750iL M70/B50
1986β1994
1989β1994 850Ci M70/B50
1989β1994 850i M70/B50
1989β1996 4.0
1995β1997 4.0
1994β2002 V8 4.6L
1999β2002 V8 4.0L
2003β2004 V8 4.6L | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP24"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044691-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF%204HP24%20transmission | ZF 4HP24 transmission | 4HP24A | The ZF 4HP24 is a four-speed for from . Introduced in 1987, it was used in a variety of cars from , , , and . | version
1990β1991 3.6
1992β1994 4.2 V8
1994β1996 4.2 V8
1995β1997 4.2 V8 C4 100 | [] | [
"Applications",
"4HP24A"
] | [
"ZF Friedrichshafen transmissions"
] |
projected-04044698-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled%20green | Marbled green | Introduction | The marbled green (Cryphia muralis) is a of the family . The species was by in 1771. It is found in Europe. Its wings are white with several shades of green. However, the green fades. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Cryphia",
"Moths described in 1771",
"Moths of Europe",
"Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster"
] |
|
projected-04044698-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled%20green | Marbled green | Technical description and variation | The marbled green (Cryphia muralis) is a of the family . The species was by in 1771. It is found in Europe. Its wings are white with several shades of green. However, the green fades. | The is 27β34Β mm. The length of the forewings is 12β15Β mm. Forewing smooth, unspeckled green, the markings black and prominent: the claviform (club-shaped) and orbicular (round) stigmata coalescing to form a blotch; ab. par Hbn. is grey green, with darker green dusting; the black markings obsolete. β ab. impar Warr. is green dusted with black or rufous; the lines more or less obsolete: the green colour fades more quickly than in typical muralis; this form occurs only at Cambridge, where the type form is nonexistent. Four further aberrations have been differentiated; ab. viridis Tutt, rich green, without black or grey dusting; ab. flavescens Tutt, like the type, but with the green changed to yellow, even in bred specimens; ab. pallida Tutt, with typical markings on a whitish-grey ground colour; and ab. obscura Tutt, dull brownish grey, with the markings obscured and without any trace of green; all these forms are found on the coast of Kent and at Queenstown in Ireland. | [] | [
"Technical description and variation"
] | [
"Cryphia",
"Moths described in 1771",
"Moths of Europe",
"Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster"
] |
projected-04044698-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled%20green | Marbled green | Biology | The marbled green (Cryphia muralis) is a of the family . The species was by in 1771. It is found in Europe. Its wings are white with several shades of green. However, the green fades. | The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.
Larva dark grey with a greenish tinge: dorsal line broadly white, sometimes interrupted; a pale line above feet.
greenish tinge: dorsal line broadly white, sometimes interrupted; a pale line above feet. The larvae feed on various . | [] | [
"Biology"
] | [
"Cryphia",
"Moths described in 1771",
"Moths of Europe",
"Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster"
] |
projected-04044720-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | Introduction | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
|
projected-04044720-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | Member schools | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | There are twelve member NBIAL schools, which are split up into two divisions. Division 1 is made up of all Group III schools, while Division 2 is made up of Group II schools. Group is a classification of the school size as determined by the (NJSIAA). The bigger the Group, the more students that go to that school.
The league had originally eight members, but added Westwood and Wayne Hills in the mid-1970s. It expanded further, adding Bergenfield and Fair Lawn in the early 1990s, and split into two divisions for most sports. Mahwah replaced Westwood when the latter left the league, and Ramsey replaced longtime league member River Dell.
After the original NJSIAA realignment in 2009, was added to the NBIL while Wayne Hills and Fair Lawn left to join the North Jersey Tri-County Conference. The NBIL ceased to exist following the 2009β10 seasons, and its remaining member institutions joined with most of the NJTCC schools to form the Big North Conference. Pascack Hills, who participated in the NBIL in every sport except for football (where they were a member of the ), was the only school that did not and followed its football conferencemates to the ; they eventually reconsidered and moved to the Big North in 2012. | [] | [
"Member schools"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044720-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | Division 1 | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | (Note: , despite belonging to the same school district as Wayne Hills High School, is not part of the NBIL.) | [] | [
"Division 1"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044720-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | Division 2 | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | (Note: Pascack Hills High School did not participate in the NBIL for football.) | [] | [
"Division 2"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044720-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | League sports | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League allows member schools to compete with each other in many sports spread out among three seasons. Although the league does not have a cheerleading division, many member schools have their own cheerleading teams. Other sports, such as fencing, are offered by some schools, but like cheerleading, are not included as part of the NBIL.
The following is a list of the sports that the NBIL offers. Some sports do not have a team from every school, while other sports have teams from all twelve schools. Each bullet is technically an individual team, but in sports marked with an asterisk (*), these two teams usually practice together (depending on the school and sport) and have almost every if not all of their meets, games, matches, competitions, and other events at the same time. (For example, although the boys and girls track teams from a single school usually practice together and have meets at the same time, there are separate events at their meets for boys and for girls; therefore, the teams compete and score separately.) | [] | [
"League sports"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044720-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | Fall sports | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | Cross Country (Boys)*
Cross Country (Girls)*
Football - NOTE: plays football in the Carpenter Division of the Bergen-Passaic Scholastic League.
Soccer (Boys)
Soccer (Girls)
Tennis (Girls)
Volleyball (Girls) | [] | [
"League sports",
"Fall sports"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044720-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | Winter sports | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | Basketball (Boys)
Basketball (Girls)
Bowling (Boys)*
Bowling (Girls)*
Fencing*
Ice Hockey
Swimming (Boys)*
Swimming (Girls)*
Winter Guard
Winter Track (Boys)*
Winter Track (Girls)*
Wrestling | [] | [
"League sports",
"Winter sports"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044720-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | Spring sports | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | Baseball
Golf (Boys)*
Golf (Girls)*
Lacrosse
Softball
Tennis (Boys)
Track and Field (Boys)*
Track and Field (Girls)*
Volleyball (Boys) | [] | [
"League sports",
"Spring sports"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044720-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Bergen%20Interscholastic%20Athletic%20League | North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League | League Code of Conduct | The North Bergen Interscholastic Athletic League, abbreviated NBIL or NBIAL, was an athletic conference of twelve high schools located in the northern part of , . , located in , , , was the only school not located in Bergen County. | The NBIL encourages parents and spectators to support good sportsmanship and to be positive role models to student athletes. Smoking is not allowed (per NBIL rules, some local laws, and state legislation) at NBIL events. Spectators are asked to "enthusiastically encourage" their own teams, to refrain from booing and using negative remarks, and to applaud "outstanding play" by any team. State and NBIL regulations prohibit noisemakers, signs, and banners at competitions. | [] | [
"League Code of Conduct"
] | [
"Education in Bergen County, New Jersey",
"New Jersey high school athletic conferences"
] |
projected-04044727-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20George%27s%20Church%2C%20Portobello | St George's Church, Portobello | Introduction | St George's Church, Portobello, is a former in the , . It is now part of the and is a lecture theatre and student housing.
St George's is the first of three es to have been built in Sheffield under the Church Building Act 1818. The other two are and StΒ Philip's Church, Netherthorpe (demolished 1951). St George's is a building designed by the architects Woodhead and Hurst in a style. It was built at a cost of Β£15,181 (), the whole cost being met by the Church Building Commission.
The building is long and wide, and consisted of a flat-ceilinged with six , a single-bay , and a -high tower. Galleries extended the length of the north and south walls, and there was a two-tiered gallery on the west wall. In total the church could seat 380Β people. The foundation stone was laid on 19Β July 1821, and the church was consecrated by on 29Β June 1825.
The church was declared redundant and closed in 1981. It stood unused for a number of years until the acquired it and in 1994 had it converted into a lecture theatre and student accommodation. Prior to this it had been the last of the Commissioners' churches in Sheffield to retain its original form. It is a .
In 2010 a nest-box was placed on the church rooftop, which is now home to a breeding pair of s that can be seen via live stream webcam. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"19th-century Church of England church buildings",
"Churches completed in 1825",
"Churches in Sheffield",
"Church of England church buildings in South Yorkshire",
"Commissioners' church buildings",
"Former Church of England church buildings",
"Gothic Revival church buildings in England",
"Grade II listed buildings in Sheffield",
"Grade II listed churches in South Yorkshire",
"Halls of residence in the United Kingdom",
"Sheffield University buildings and structures"
] |
|
projected-04044730-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug%20In%20and%20Hang%20On%3A%20Live%20in%20Tokyo | Plug In and Hang On: Live in Tokyo | Introduction | Plug In and Hang On: Live in Tokyo is a live album by band , released in 1992.
The material for this CD was recorded in , at Club Citta. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1992 live albums",
"Vicious Rumors albums"
] |
|
projected-04044730-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug%20In%20and%20Hang%20On%3A%20Live%20in%20Tokyo | Plug In and Hang On: Live in Tokyo | Track listing | Plug In and Hang On: Live in Tokyo is a live album by band , released in 1992.
The material for this CD was recorded in , at Club Citta. | "Abandoned"
"Savior from Anger"
"Down to the Temple"
"Ship of Fools"
"Lady Took a Chance"
"When Love Comes Down"
"March or Die"
"Don't Wait for Me" | [] | [
"Track listing"
] | [
"1992 live albums",
"Vicious Rumors albums"
] |
projected-04044730-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug%20In%20and%20Hang%20On%3A%20Live%20in%20Tokyo | Plug In and Hang On: Live in Tokyo | Personnel | Plug In and Hang On: Live in Tokyo is a live album by band , released in 1992.
The material for this CD was recorded in , at Club Citta. | : Guitars
: Guitars
: Vocals
: Bass
: Drums | [] | [
"Personnel"
] | [
"1992 live albums",
"Vicious Rumors albums"
] |
projected-04044756-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Molinos | Los Molinos | Introduction | Los Molinos may refer to:
, a census-designed place (CDP) in Tehama County, California
, coastal village and harbour near Valdivia, Chile
, a municipality in Community of Madrid, Spain
, a municipality in La Rioja Province, Argentina
, a village in the Canary Islands
, dam over the course of the Los Molinos River in the province of CΓ³rdoba, Argentina
, district of the province Ica, Peru
, a municipality in the province of Palencia, Castile and LeΓ³n, Spain
, a 22,172-acre (89.73 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Tehama County, California
, a 17,892-acre (72.41 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Sonoma County, California | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] |