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CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10266
A metal spoon was left in a pot of boiling soup. The cook burned a finger by touching the spoon. Why did the finger get burned?
{ "text": [ "The metal spoon chemically reacted with the cook's hand.", "The metal spoon conducted electricity to the cook's hand.", "The metal spoon conducted heat to the cook's hand.", "The metal spoon insulated the cook's hand." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: The metal spoon chemically reacted with the cook's hand.", "B: The metal spoon conducted electricity to the cook's hand.", "C: The metal spoon conducted heat to the cook's hand.", "D: The metal spoon insulated the cook's hand." ]
Mercury_7213518
Light rays are focused by the lens of a camera through the process of
{ "text": [ "reflection.", "refraction.", "dispersion.", "diffraction." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: reflection.", "B: refraction.", "C: dispersion.", "D: diffraction." ]
Mercury_184083
Which of these provides the best evidence that the distribution of Earth's oceans has changed over time?
{ "text": [ "hot spots on ocean floors", "seismic activity along plate boundaries", "sediment buildup on continental slope", "marine fossils found on land masses" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: hot spots on ocean floors", "B: seismic activity along plate boundaries", "C: sediment buildup on continental slope", "D: marine fossils found on land masses" ]
Mercury_7024343
Which change would have the greatest negative impact on the survival of an owl species?
{ "text": [ "an increase in primary consumer population", "an decrease in acid rain", "an decrease in size of habitat", "an increase in producers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: an increase in primary consumer population", "B: an decrease in acid rain", "C: an decrease in size of habitat", "D: an increase in producers" ]
CSZ10086
Which organ removes cell waste from the blood?
{ "text": [ "the large intestine", "the small intestine", "the kidney", "the heart" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: the large intestine", "B: the small intestine", "C: the kidney", "D: the heart" ]
Mercury_7011340
According to the Big Bang Theory, how is the universe changing?
{ "text": [ "It is contracting.", "It is expanding.", "Only the rim is expanding.", "Only the center is contracting." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: It is contracting.", "B: It is expanding.", "C: Only the rim is expanding.", "D: Only the center is contracting." ]
Mercury_SC_400116
Light enters the human eye through the
{ "text": [ "retina.", "pupil.", "iris.", "lens." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: retina.", "B: pupil.", "C: iris.", "D: lens." ]
MCAS_2016_5_12
The stages in the life cycle of an organism are shown below. birth -> growth -> development -> reproduction -> death In which life cycle stage will a new organism be made?
{ "text": [ "growth", "development", "reproduction", "death" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: growth", "B: development", "C: reproduction", "D: death" ]
MCAS_2008_5_5617
Baby chicks peck their way out of their shells when they hatch. This activity is an example of which of the following types of behavior?
{ "text": [ "instinctive", "learned", "planned", "social" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: instinctive", "B: learned", "C: planned", "D: social" ]
Mercury_7114888
Which conclusion can be made about earthworms because they do not have an internal skeleton?
{ "text": [ "They are invertebrates.", "They have radial symmetry.", "They are made of one segment.", "They have an open circulatory system." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: They are invertebrates.", "B: They have radial symmetry.", "C: They are made of one segment.", "D: They have an open circulatory system." ]
Mercury_7083353
The smallest unit of a plant that can perform all of the processes of life is the
{ "text": [ "leaf.", "cell.", "tissue.", "root." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: leaf.", "B: cell.", "C: tissue.", "D: root." ]
Mercury_SC_408685
Soda water is a liquid that has bubbles of carbon dioxide in it. Which term best describes soda water?
{ "text": [ "a mixture", "a molecule", "an element", "a compound" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: a mixture", "B: a molecule", "C: an element", "D: a compound" ]
Mercury_7109550
All stars start forming in the same manner. Some follow the life cycle of the Sun, while others turn into neutron stars or black holes. Which property determines the fate of a star as it develops?
{ "text": [ "mass", "location", "luminosity", "temperature" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: mass", "B: location", "C: luminosity", "D: temperature" ]
TIMSS_1995_8_O15
If a neutral atom loses an electron, what is formed?
{ "text": [ "A gas", "An ion", "An acid", "A molecule" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: A gas", "B: An ion", "C: An acid", "D: A molecule" ]
Mercury_7033495
A student mixed baking soda with vinegar and observed that the reaction was endothermic. When is a reaction endothermic?
{ "text": [ "when it is reversible", "when it can be repeated", "when it requires heat to make it happen", "when energy is released by the process" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: when it is reversible", "B: when it can be repeated", "C: when it requires heat to make it happen", "D: when energy is released by the process" ]
MCAS_2008_8_5720
What is the primary energy source that drives all weather events, including precipitation, hurricanes, and tornados?
{ "text": [ "the Sun", "the Moon", "Earth's gravity", "Earth's rotation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: the Sun", "B: the Moon", "C: Earth's gravity", "D: Earth's rotation" ]
Mercury_SC_406036
Which system absorbs and carries food from the digestive system to the rest of the body?
{ "text": [ "nervous system", "muscular system", "circulatory system", "respiratory system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: nervous system", "B: muscular system", "C: circulatory system", "D: respiratory system" ]
Mercury_400613
Why do planets stay in orbit around the Sun?
{ "text": [ "attraction of gravity", "effect of inertia", "frictional force", "rotational force" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: attraction of gravity", "B: effect of inertia", "C: frictional force", "D: rotational force" ]
MEA_2014_8_9
Earth rotates on its north-south axis. Which statement best describes one complete rotation?
{ "text": [ "It takes six months and causes summer and winter seasons.", "It takes 24 hours and causes night and day.", "It takes 29 days, which represents one cycle of the Moon's phases.", "It takes 365 days, which represents one Earth year." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: It takes six months and causes summer and winter seasons.", "B: It takes 24 hours and causes night and day.", "C: It takes 29 days, which represents one cycle of the Moon's phases.", "D: It takes 365 days, which represents one Earth year." ]
LEAP_2003_4_10252
A rock sample will most likely contain
{ "text": [ "plants.", "minerals.", "water.", "wood." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: plants.", "B: minerals.", "C: water.", "D: wood." ]
Mercury_7007385
A jet plane is moving at a constant velocity on a flat surface. Which forces act against the forward motion of the plane?
{ "text": [ "gravity and engine thrust", "engine thrust and friction", "friction and air resistance", "air resistance and gravity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: gravity and engine thrust", "B: engine thrust and friction", "C: friction and air resistance", "D: air resistance and gravity" ]
Mercury_7217945
Atmospheric greenhouse gases help heat the atmosphere by
{ "text": [ "increasing the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth.", "storing energy produced by human activity.", "absorbing infrared radiation released by Earth.", "increasing the average density of air." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: increasing the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth.", "B: storing energy produced by human activity.", "C: absorbing infrared radiation released by Earth.", "D: increasing the average density of air." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_35
Scurvy is a disease that sailors often got on long voyages. It was discovered that scurvy could be prevented by eating oranges and lemons. This suggests that scurvy is a disease caused by
{ "text": [ "exposure to sea air", "a nutritional deficiency", "a microorganism", "lack of exercise" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
2
[ "1: exposure to sea air", "2: a nutritional deficiency", "3: a microorganism", "4: lack of exercise" ]
LEAP__5_10313
Runoff from farms that use fertilizers is entering a small lake. This will most directly affect the lake by causing
{ "text": [ "the lake to dry up.", "algae to grow in the lake.", "the lake to become deeper.", "water in the lake to become solid." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: the lake to dry up.", "B: algae to grow in the lake.", "C: the lake to become deeper.", "D: water in the lake to become solid." ]
NCEOGA_2013_8_60
Why is protein an important part of a healthy diet?
{ "text": [ "It is needed to change glucose to energy.", "It is needed to store nutrients.", "It is needed to repair tissue.", "It is needed to produce water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: It is needed to change glucose to energy.", "B: It is needed to store nutrients.", "C: It is needed to repair tissue.", "D: It is needed to produce water." ]
Mercury_7009485
An atom will always have
{ "text": [ "a single, negatively-charged nucleus.", "equal numbers of protons and electrons.", "\"shared\" electrons from another atom.", "a stable number of charged neutrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: a single, negatively-charged nucleus.", "B: equal numbers of protons and electrons.", "C: \"shared\" electrons from another atom.", "D: a stable number of charged neutrons." ]
Mercury_408134
Students on two different school campuses are comparing the growth rate of grass three weeks after fertilizer has been applied. The same fertilizer and the same amount of water are used on both campuses. Which additional variable is most important to control when the results of the two investigations are compared?
{ "text": [ "type of grass used", "amount of trees in the area", "the weather conditions of the day", "the time of day the measurements are taken" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: type of grass used", "B: amount of trees in the area", "C: the weather conditions of the day", "D: the time of day the measurements are taken" ]
MCAS_2003_5_5
A caterpillar changing into a butterfly is an example of
{ "text": [ "instinct.", "duplication.", "reproduction.", "metamorphosis." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: instinct.", "B: duplication.", "C: reproduction.", "D: metamorphosis." ]
Mercury_7248518
Some immune cells are actively involved in ingesting, destroying, and presenting invading microbial antigens on their surface to stimulate other cells to produce antibodies. Which of these cells is responsible for initiating such an immune response?
{ "text": [ "mast cells", "phagocytes", "B-lymphocytes", "T-lymphocytes" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: mast cells", "B: phagocytes", "C: B-lymphocytes", "D: T-lymphocytes" ]
MCAS_2006_9_18
A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference?
{ "text": [ "Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.", "Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells.", "Eukaryotic cells have more cell walls than prokaryotic cells.", "Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.", "B: Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells.", "C: Eukaryotic cells have more cell walls than prokaryotic cells.", "D: Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells." ]
Mercury_7248168
Which biological process determines the probability that particular alleles will be found in any given gamete?
{ "text": [ "mutation", "meiosis", "cell cycle", "protein synthesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: mutation", "B: meiosis", "C: cell cycle", "D: protein synthesis" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_24
When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into which form of energy?
{ "text": [ "heat", "light", "electrical", "chemical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: heat", "B: light", "C: electrical", "D: chemical" ]
Mercury_7029488
In the human body, what part of the central nervous system connects with other nerves outside of the central nervous system?
{ "text": [ "dendrite", "cerebrum", "cerebellum", "spinal cord" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: dendrite", "B: cerebrum", "C: cerebellum", "D: spinal cord" ]
Mercury_7283640
Photovoltaic cells capture photons of sunlight and transform them directly into electricity. Many of Earth's other energy resources are simply transformed solar energy. Which two energy resources store energy that did not begin as solar energy?
{ "text": [ "oil and coal", "wind and wood", "nuclear and geothermal", "hydropower and natural gas" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: oil and coal", "B: wind and wood", "C: nuclear and geothermal", "D: hydropower and natural gas" ]
Mercury_7210823
What determines how long the Moon takes to complete one cycle of phases?
{ "text": [ "the period of rotation of the Moon around its axis", "the period of revolution of the Moon around Earth", "the period of rotation of Earth around its axis", "the period of revolution of Earth around the Sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: the period of rotation of the Moon around its axis", "B: the period of revolution of the Moon around Earth", "C: the period of rotation of Earth around its axis", "D: the period of revolution of Earth around the Sun" ]
Mercury_7014123
Oxygen reacts with iron to produce rust and with hydrogen to produce water. Which statement describes both reactions?
{ "text": [ "A different mixture is formed in each case.", "A different solution is formed in each case.", "Both a change of state and of elements is involved.", "New molecules are formed but the same elements exist." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: A different mixture is formed in each case.", "B: A different solution is formed in each case.", "C: Both a change of state and of elements is involved.", "D: New molecules are formed but the same elements exist." ]
Mercury_183680
What is the primary job of red blood cells?
{ "text": [ "transport oxygen", "remove waste", "fight disease", "allow reproduction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: transport oxygen", "B: remove waste", "C: fight disease", "D: allow reproduction" ]
MCAS_2003_8_20
What kingdom contains organisms that are multicellular, have no chlorophyll, and absorb nutrients from decaying tissue?
{ "text": [ "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista", "Animalia" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: Fungi", "B: Plantae", "C: Protista", "D: Animalia" ]
Mercury_7223738
A salvage yard contains a mixture of iron, glass, aluminum, and plastic. Which property of iron does the salvage yard take advantage of when separating the iron from the rest of the materials?
{ "text": [ "magnetic", "electrical", "ductility", "malleability" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: magnetic", "B: electrical", "C: ductility", "D: malleability" ]
VASoL_2008_3_24
While a sailor was out fishing, he got lost at sea. Which object would help him direct the boat back to shore?
{ "text": [ "Rope", "Magnetic compass", "Blanket", "Measuring tape" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: Rope", "B: Magnetic compass", "C: Blanket", "D: Measuring tape" ]
Mercury_7205958
Water is a very important part of the physical weathering of rock. Which of these properties of water is most important in causing some of the physical weathering of rock?
{ "text": [ "Water is a liquid at room temperature.", "Water can contain different minerals.", "Water expands when it freezes.", "Water dissolves many chemicals." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: Water is a liquid at room temperature.", "B: Water can contain different minerals.", "C: Water expands when it freezes.", "D: Water dissolves many chemicals." ]
Mercury_7013440
A student uses a telescope to view stars at night. The student notices some of the stars are different colors. The color of a star is determined most by its
{ "text": [ "size.", "distance from Earth.", "mass.", "temperature." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: size.", "B: distance from Earth.", "C: mass.", "D: temperature." ]
Mercury_7227745
Which function is performed at similarly structured sites in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
{ "text": [ "protein synthesis", "packaging and transport of proteins", "storage of genetic material", "release of energy from storage forms" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: protein synthesis", "B: packaging and transport of proteins", "C: storage of genetic material", "D: release of energy from storage forms" ]
Mercury_SC_413304
Which material is the best natural resource to use for making water-resistant shoes?
{ "text": [ "cotton", "leather", "plastic", "wool" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: cotton", "B: leather", "C: plastic", "D: wool" ]
Mercury_7042613
When hunting by humans causes a species to become extinct, this may produce damaging effects throughout the ecosystem of the extinct species. What is the cause of this damage?
{ "text": [ "alteration of a food web", "degradation of a habitat", "modification of a climate", "reversal of a flow of energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: alteration of a food web", "B: degradation of a habitat", "C: modification of a climate", "D: reversal of a flow of energy" ]
Mercury_SC_408557
Sarah's class is learning about mixtures and solutions. Her teacher writes four statements on the board. Which statement best describes a mixture?
{ "text": [ "Both substances mix evenly.", "Both substances can evaporate.", "One substance dissolves into another.", "One substance can be separated from the other." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Both substances mix evenly.", "B: Both substances can evaporate.", "C: One substance dissolves into another.", "D: One substance can be separated from the other." ]
NAEP_2005_4_S13+13
Which of the following best explains why the Sun appears to move across the sky every day?
{ "text": [ "The Sun rotates on its axis.", "Earth rotates on its axis.", "The Sun orbits around Earth.", "Earth orbits around the Sun." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: The Sun rotates on its axis.", "B: Earth rotates on its axis.", "C: The Sun orbits around Earth.", "D: Earth orbits around the Sun." ]
Mercury_7009695
The theory of spontaneous generation was eventually disproved scientifically by
{ "text": [ "arguments in philosophy.", "chemical analysis of material.", "examining models of the process.", "conducting a controlled experiment." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: arguments in philosophy.", "B: chemical analysis of material.", "C: examining models of the process.", "D: conducting a controlled experiment." ]
Mercury_7220308
Discarded electronic devices, such as outdated computers and cell phones, contain materials that can be toxic to the environment. Which statement best explains why humans continue to use these technologies?
{ "text": [ "Electronics have become less expensive over time.", "Some areas have recycling programs for electronics.", "Industries that produce electronics help the economy.", "Humans value the benefits of these devices over their cost." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Electronics have become less expensive over time.", "B: Some areas have recycling programs for electronics.", "C: Industries that produce electronics help the economy.", "D: Humans value the benefits of these devices over their cost." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_11
A student crumples up a sheet of paper. Which property of the paper has changed?
{ "text": [ "color", "mass", "state", "shape" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: color", "B: mass", "C: state", "D: shape" ]
Mercury_SC_400403
When a plant dies, it often decomposes and becomes part of the soil. This process is one step in which cycle?
{ "text": [ "lunar", "water", "carbon", "energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: lunar", "B: water", "C: carbon", "D: energy" ]
ACTAAP_2008_5_3
Which would best aid a scientist in discovering how Earth may have changed over time?
{ "text": [ "finding the nest of a bald eagle", "tracking the footprints of a wolf", "analyzing the pollination of a sunflower", "discovering a fossil of a seashell in a wooded area" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: finding the nest of a bald eagle", "B: tracking the footprints of a wolf", "C: analyzing the pollination of a sunflower", "D: discovering a fossil of a seashell in a wooded area" ]
Mercury_SC_409150
Kendall studied the ways in which human body systems work together. He compared the respiratory and circulatory systems. In which way are these two systems similar to each other?
{ "text": [ "They both bring oxygen to the body.", "They both send messages to the body.", "They both digest nutrients for the body.", "They both pump blood through the body." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: They both bring oxygen to the body.", "B: They both send messages to the body.", "C: They both digest nutrients for the body.", "D: They both pump blood through the body." ]
Mercury_7071715
A difference between the oceanic crust and the continental crust is that the oceanic crust is
{ "text": [ "composed chiefly of sedimentary rocks.", "more dense than the continental crust.", "older than the continental crust.", "continually being created." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: composed chiefly of sedimentary rocks.", "B: more dense than the continental crust.", "C: older than the continental crust.", "D: continually being created." ]
Mercury_7245805
Which of these elements is found in the greatest amount in organisms?
{ "text": [ "carbon", "iron", "lead", "neon" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: carbon", "B: iron", "C: lead", "D: neon" ]
Mercury_7170345
After mining removes layers of rock from a hillside, new plants begin to grow in the cracks of the bare rock. The plants beginning to grow are an example of which natural process?
{ "text": [ "secondary succession in an existing ecosystem", "new species developing in an ecosystem", "species competition in a community", "primary succession in a new habitat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: secondary succession in an existing ecosystem", "B: new species developing in an ecosystem", "C: species competition in a community", "D: primary succession in a new habitat" ]
Mercury_7093170
Improvements in farming technology would most likely
{ "text": [ "increase the amount of food produced.", "change global climate conditions.", "promote unhealthy dietary choices.", "decrease the amount of daily exercise." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: increase the amount of food produced.", "B: change global climate conditions.", "C: promote unhealthy dietary choices.", "D: decrease the amount of daily exercise." ]
MEAP_2005_5_39
In a container, a mixture of water and salt is stirred so that the salt dissolves completely. Sand is added to this solution and allowed to settle to the bottom of the container. If the container is placed on a heat source and the liquid evaporates completely, what will be left in the container?
{ "text": [ "Nothing will remain in the container.", "Only salt will remain in the container.", "Only sand will remain in the container.", "Salt and sand will both remain in the container." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Nothing will remain in the container.", "B: Only salt will remain in the container.", "C: Only sand will remain in the container.", "D: Salt and sand will both remain in the container." ]
TIMSS_2007_8_pg32
Which of the following is formed immediately after fertilization?
{ "text": [ "egg", "sperm", "zygote", "embryo" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: egg", "B: sperm", "C: zygote", "D: embryo" ]
Mercury_181510
Which of the following helped lead to the invention of personal computers?
{ "text": [ "Internet", "keyboard", "wireless transmitter", "integrated circuit" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Internet", "B: keyboard", "C: wireless transmitter", "D: integrated circuit" ]
Mercury_SC_403015
Blood absorbs oxygen in the
{ "text": [ "heart.", "lungs.", "stomach.", "muscles." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: heart.", "B: lungs.", "C: stomach.", "D: muscles." ]
Mercury_SC_401159
A student adds sugar, spices, and salt to a bowl of peanuts and stirs them together. What has the student made?
{ "text": [ "a compound", "a substance", "a mixture", "a solution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: a compound", "B: a substance", "C: a mixture", "D: a solution" ]
Mercury_7200043
Over time, non-volcanic mountains can form due to the interaction of plate boundaries. Which interaction is most likely associated with the formation of non-volcanic mountains?
{ "text": [ "oceanic plates colliding with oceanic plates", "oceanic plates separating from oceanic plates", "continental plates colliding with continental plates", "continental plates separating from continental plates" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: oceanic plates colliding with oceanic plates", "B: oceanic plates separating from oceanic plates", "C: continental plates colliding with continental plates", "D: continental plates separating from continental plates" ]
Mercury_7122868
Most stars in the Milky Way are like the Sun. The Sun will eventually become a red giant. After the red giant stage, what determines whether a star will become a white dwarf or a supernova?
{ "text": [ "the mass of the star", "the diameter of the star", "the brightness of the star", "the type of gas in the star" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: the mass of the star", "B: the diameter of the star", "C: the brightness of the star", "D: the type of gas in the star" ]
Mercury_7222040
How should researchers share their findings with other scientists to validate their study of the effectiveness of a new medication?
{ "text": [ "e-mail the research results to local newspapers", "publish the research results in a scientific journal", "publish the results in brochures for doctors", "discuss the research results on the Internet" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: e-mail the research results to local newspapers", "B: publish the research results in a scientific journal", "C: publish the results in brochures for doctors", "D: discuss the research results on the Internet" ]
Mercury_7015943
Gaseous sulfur dioxide is a compound that combines with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain. What is the primary source of sulfur dioxide?
{ "text": [ "volcanic emissions", "combustion of fossil fuels", "destruction of tropical forests", "mining and mineral extraction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: volcanic emissions", "B: combustion of fossil fuels", "C: destruction of tropical forests", "D: mining and mineral extraction" ]
MDSA_2007_5_20
The motion of Earth is responsible for several celestial events. Which of the following events is caused by Earth revolving around the sun?
{ "text": [ "the days in a year", "the hours in a day", "the changes in the atmosphere of Earth", "the position of the constellations in space" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: the days in a year", "B: the hours in a day", "C: the changes in the atmosphere of Earth", "D: the position of the constellations in space" ]
Mercury_7013773
What takes place as a light wave enters a denser medium?
{ "text": [ "it is reflected", "it is absorbed", "it is refracted", "it is compressed" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: it is reflected", "B: it is absorbed", "C: it is refracted", "D: it is compressed" ]
Mercury_7203263
Deforestation in the rainforest can lead to localized extinctions of populations of some organisms. Once an area is deforested, which is most likely to decrease and result in organisms' extinctions?
{ "text": [ "the amount of annual rainfall", "competition between consumers", "the energy available to producers", "diversity of the resources in the habitat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: the amount of annual rainfall", "B: competition between consumers", "C: the energy available to producers", "D: diversity of the resources in the habitat" ]
MCAS_2008_8_5598
Which of the following causes a ship’s iron anchor to sink to the ocean floor when it is released overboard?
{ "text": [ "chemical forces", "gravity", "magnetism", "nuclear forces" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: chemical forces", "B: gravity", "C: magnetism", "D: nuclear forces" ]
MEAP_2005_8_18
In clear weather, a bright light can be seen for a long distance. In conditions of heavy fog, the visibility is greatly reduced. Which of the following explains the reduced visibility?
{ "text": [ "Light is refracted by water vapor in the air.", "Light is scattered by water droplets in the air.", "Light is absorbed by water vapor near the ground.", "Light is reflected by water droplets on the ground." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: Light is refracted by water vapor in the air.", "B: Light is scattered by water droplets in the air.", "C: Light is absorbed by water vapor near the ground.", "D: Light is reflected by water droplets on the ground." ]
Mercury_192255
When the pesticide DDT was first used, it killed nearly every mosquito it touched. Within a few years, however, many mosquitoes became resistant to DDT and survived. What enabled this to happen?
{ "text": [ "meiosis", "migration", "immune responses", "gene mutations" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: meiosis", "B: migration", "C: immune responses", "D: gene mutations" ]
Mercury_SC_401274
When air is heated, it will most likely
{ "text": [ "expand and fall.", "expand and rise.", "condense and fall.", "condense and rise." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: expand and fall.", "B: expand and rise.", "C: condense and fall.", "D: condense and rise." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_5
The wheels and gears of a machine are greased in order to decrease
{ "text": [ "potential energy", "efficiency", "output", "friction" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
4
[ "1: potential energy", "2: efficiency", "3: output", "4: friction" ]
Mercury_7180915
A student learns that one year on Mercury is about 88 Earth days. This means it takes 88 Earth days for Mercury to
{ "text": [ "travel in orbit around its moon.", "complete one rotation on its axis.", "switch orbits with the nearest planet.", "make one complete orbit around the Sun." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: travel in orbit around its moon.", "B: complete one rotation on its axis.", "C: switch orbits with the nearest planet.", "D: make one complete orbit around the Sun." ]
Mercury_7135345
Two processes are involved in the formation of a sand dune. Which two processes best describe how a sand dune forms?
{ "text": [ "wind erosion then deposition", "plate movement then deposition", "wind erosion then water erosion", "water erosion then plate movement" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: wind erosion then deposition", "B: plate movement then deposition", "C: wind erosion then water erosion", "D: water erosion then plate movement" ]
Mercury_401021
When a student uses the equation, mass multiplied by change in temperature multiplied by specific heat, what is being calculated? q = m \times C \times \Delta T
{ "text": [ "a phase change", "stored energy", "heat convection", "heat gain or heat loss" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: a phase change", "B: stored energy", "C: heat convection", "D: heat gain or heat loss" ]
Mercury_7214305
Which rock is most likely to contain fossil seashells?
{ "text": [ "basalt", "gneiss", "granite", "limestone" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: basalt", "B: gneiss", "C: granite", "D: limestone" ]
ACTAAP_2007_7_16
Which occurs as a result of Earth's tilt on its rotating axis?
{ "text": [ "movement of the tides", "prevalent or trade winds", "seasonal changes in the climate", "light and dark changes of day and night" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: movement of the tides", "B: prevalent or trade winds", "C: seasonal changes in the climate", "D: light and dark changes of day and night" ]
Mercury_402066
Planets remain in orbit around the Sun because of
{ "text": [ "gravity.", "friction.", "solar energy.", "centrifugal force." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: gravity.", "B: friction.", "C: solar energy.", "D: centrifugal force." ]
Mercury_SC_405869
Which cells help to destroy pathogens such as bacteria that enter the human body?
{ "text": [ "red blood cells", "liver cells", "white blood cells", "brain cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: red blood cells", "B: liver cells", "C: white blood cells", "D: brain cells" ]
Mercury_7041318
Eye color in human beings is an
{ "text": [ "instinct.", "acquired trait.", "inherited trait.", "environmentally influenced trait." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: instinct.", "B: acquired trait.", "C: inherited trait.", "D: environmentally influenced trait." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_5
If a species is no longer able to reproduce, it will
{ "text": [ "adapt to its environment", "become immune to disease", "become extinct", "increase its population" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
3
[ "1: adapt to its environment", "2: become immune to disease", "3: become extinct", "4: increase its population" ]
TIMSS_2003_4_pg28
Which of these is hottest?
{ "text": [ "The Earth", "Mars", "The Moon", "The Sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: The Earth", "B: Mars", "C: The Moon", "D: The Sun" ]
Mercury_7193095
In large industrial cities, the emissions from fossil fuels cause the atmosphere to change. Which process allows the atmosphere to change?
{ "text": [ "increased inorganic matter in soil", "increased use of fertilizers on crops", "increased buildup of greenhouse gases", "increased rainfall rates near power plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: increased inorganic matter in soil", "B: increased use of fertilizers on crops", "C: increased buildup of greenhouse gases", "D: increased rainfall rates near power plants" ]
Mercury_7158848
Which is the most likely response of a human to an increase in temperature?
{ "text": [ "increasing the amount of perspiration", "increasing waste elimination from the bladder", "a reduction in the desire for liquids", "a contraction in blood vessels in the skin" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: increasing the amount of perspiration", "B: increasing waste elimination from the bladder", "C: a reduction in the desire for liquids", "D: a contraction in blood vessels in the skin" ]
Mercury_7282100
An organism's traits are largely determined by the genetic makeup of its parents. A mutation in which kinds of cells in a parent could cause a new trait to appear in the parent's offspring?
{ "text": [ "sperm or egg", "egg or nerve", "nerve or muscle", "muscle or sperm" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: sperm or egg", "B: egg or nerve", "C: nerve or muscle", "D: muscle or sperm" ]
AIMS_2009_4_7
Electricity to play your radio can be made using renewable or nonrenewable resources. Which of the following resources are renewable?
{ "text": [ "wind and oil", "wind and sunlight", "natural gas and oil", "natural gas and coal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: wind and oil", "B: wind and sunlight", "C: natural gas and oil", "D: natural gas and coal" ]
Mercury_SC_401200
The action of turning off the water while brushing teeth is an example of
{ "text": [ "recycling.", "adaptation.", "conservation.", "resourcefulness." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: recycling.", "B: adaptation.", "C: conservation.", "D: resourcefulness." ]
Mercury_SC_401177
Which objects are the most useful for collecting data on the speed of a toy car?
{ "text": [ "microscope, computer, ruler", "thermometer, calculator, magnet", "stopwatch, calculator, meter stick", "camera, digital recorder, safety goggles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: microscope, computer, ruler", "B: thermometer, calculator, magnet", "C: stopwatch, calculator, meter stick", "D: camera, digital recorder, safety goggles" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_37
Some microorganisms cause human disease. Other microorganisms are used in making cheese, yogurt, and bread. Based on this information, the relationship between humans and microorganisms can be
{ "text": [ "beneficial, only", "harmful, only", "beneficial or harmful" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3" ] }
3
[ "1: beneficial, only", "2: harmful, only", "3: beneficial or harmful" ]
Mercury_SC_417676
Which of these objects is visible because it reflects light toward the eye?
{ "text": [ "burning candle", "flashlight bulb", "glowing campfire log", "shiny metallic balloon" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: burning candle", "B: flashlight bulb", "C: glowing campfire log", "D: shiny metallic balloon" ]
Mercury_400219
Which dog trait is a learned behavior?
{ "text": [ "blinking its eyes", "scratching an itch", "panting to cool off", "jumping to catch a ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: blinking its eyes", "B: scratching an itch", "C: panting to cool off", "D: jumping to catch a ball" ]
Mercury_7037503
When an atom has a neutral charge, which particles within the atom have equal numbers?
{ "text": [ "electrons and neutrons", "protons and electrons", "neutrons and protons", "ions and neutrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: electrons and neutrons", "B: protons and electrons", "C: neutrons and protons", "D: ions and neutrons" ]
VASoL_2009_3_33
A paper bag is ripped into pieces. Which of these BEST describes the pieces of the bag?
{ "text": [ "Stronger than the whole bag", "Thicker than the whole bag", "Smaller than the whole bag", "Darker than the whole bag" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: Stronger than the whole bag", "B: Thicker than the whole bag", "C: Smaller than the whole bag", "D: Darker than the whole bag" ]
Mercury_SC_406702
A lizard most likely would be protected from its enemies if it has which characteristic?
{ "text": [ "claws to catch prey", "a long tail to climb trees", "eyes that can see far distances", "skin color that matches its habitat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: claws to catch prey", "B: a long tail to climb trees", "C: eyes that can see far distances", "D: skin color that matches its habitat" ]
Mercury_SC_401156
Copper is used in house wiring because it is
{ "text": [ "magnetic.", "an insulator.", "an electrical conductor.", "hard to bend into new shapes." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: magnetic.", "B: an insulator.", "C: an electrical conductor.", "D: hard to bend into new shapes." ]
Mercury_SC_400602
Which process causes light to bend and form a rainbow?
{ "text": [ "frequency", "resonance", "refraction", "reflection" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: frequency", "B: resonance", "C: refraction", "D: reflection" ]
MCAS_2008_8_5713
Sugar is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugar is an example of which of the following?
{ "text": [ "an atom", "a compound", "an electron", "a mixture" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: an atom", "B: a compound", "C: an electron", "D: a mixture" ]
MCAS_2006_9_4-v1
The tendency of a stationary object to resist being put into motion is known as
{ "text": [ "acceleration.", "inertia.", "weight.", "velocity." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: acceleration.", "B: inertia.", "C: weight.", "D: velocity." ]