jeggers/ai2_arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 586	choices sequence	answerKey stringclasses 9 values	choices_sequence sequencelengths 3 5
Mercury_404951	After a race, a newspaper lists the names of the five fastest runners. Another method that could be used to identify the five fastest runners is to make a chart that shows the	{ "text": [ "average of the speeds of the runners.", "total distance for each runner.", "time it took each runner to run the race.", "percentage of the runners who finished the race." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: average of the speeds of the runners.", "B: total distance for each runner.", "C: time it took each runner to run the race.", "D: percentage of the runners who finished the race." ]
LEAP__7_10353	A scientist plans to investigate the nervous system of sea slugs. What should the scientist do first?	{ "text": [ "Develop a theory about sea slugs that can be tested.", "Go to the ocean to observe the behavior of sea slugs.", "Obtain several sea slugs and conduct experiments with them.", "Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Develop a theory about sea slugs that can be tested.", "B: Go to the ocean to observe the behavior of sea slugs.", "C: Obtain several sea slugs and conduct experiments with them.", "D: Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs." ]
Mercury_7182193	Natural selection is a mechanism that acts on individuals within a population. Which is a result of the process of natural selection?	{ "text": [ "The reproductive rate of the population decreases.", "Genetic similarity within the population increases.", "Organisms are better adapted to their environment.", "Adverse changes to the environment become more frequent." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The reproductive rate of the population decreases.", "B: Genetic similarity within the population increases.", "C: Organisms are better adapted to their environment.", "D: Adverse changes to the environment become more frequent." ]
Mercury_415543	What chemical symbol represents the element iron?	{ "text": [ "Fe", "I", "Ir", "Pb" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Fe", "B: I", "C: Ir", "D: Pb" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10909	A push or a pull on an object is an example of	{ "text": [ "force.", "weight.", "energy.", "work." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: force.", "B: weight.", "C: energy.", "D: work." ]
AIMS_2009_4_30	Which statement is a description of weather?	{ "text": [ "Summers in Tucson are hot and dry.", "Winters in Flagstaff are cold and snowy.", "The temperature is 55° F in Winslow today.", "The Sun will set in Yuma today at 6:45 p.m." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Summers in Tucson are hot and dry.", "B: Winters in Flagstaff are cold and snowy.", "C: The temperature is 55° F in Winslow today.", "D: The Sun will set in Yuma today at 6:45 p.m." ]
MCAS_2015_5_9	Clouds and precipitation moved across western Massachusetts one evening. The temperature changed from 41°F to 28°F. Which of the following changes in precipitation most likely occurred on this evening?	{ "text": [ "sleet changing to hail", "snow changing to rain", "rain changing to sleet", "snow changing to hail" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: sleet changing to hail", "B: snow changing to rain", "C: rain changing to sleet", "D: snow changing to hail" ]
Mercury_7024973	The human body has an average, normal temperature of about 98.6ºF. To keep the core body temperature from becoming too high, the brain sends a signal to the body to	{ "text": [ "decrease sugar levels in the blood.", "increase sugar levels in the blood.", "decrease blood flow to the skin.", "increase blood flow to the skin." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: decrease sugar levels in the blood.", "B: increase sugar levels in the blood.", "C: decrease blood flow to the skin.", "D: increase blood flow to the skin." ]
Mercury_SC_408539	Why is water considered to be a renewable resource?	{ "text": [ "Water can be used over again.", "Water can be found all over Earth.", "Water can dissolve other substances.", "Water is needed by organisms to stay alive." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Water can be used over again.", "B: Water can be found all over Earth.", "C: Water can dissolve other substances.", "D: Water is needed by organisms to stay alive." ]
Mercury_7017833	What is the most prominent land feature formed by the convergence of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates?	{ "text": [ "China", "Australia", "Ural Mountains", "Himalaya Mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: China", "B: Australia", "C: Ural Mountains", "D: Himalaya Mountains" ]
AIMS_2008_4_10	To which group does an animal belong if it lays eggs and has scales and gills?	{ "text": [ "amphibian", "bird", "fish", "reptile" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: amphibian", "B: bird", "C: fish", "D: reptile" ]
Mercury_SC_406744	What causes nighttime and daytime on Earth?	{ "text": [ "the Sun rotating on its axis", "Earth rotating on its axis", "Earth revolving around the Sun", "the Moon revolving around Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: the Sun rotating on its axis", "B: Earth rotating on its axis", "C: Earth revolving around the Sun", "D: the Moon revolving around Earth" ]
Mercury_SC_417575	Which area is coldest?	{ "text": [ "rainforest", "tundra", "grassland", "reef" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: rainforest", "B: tundra", "C: grassland", "D: reef" ]
Mercury_SC_401799	Which scientist is credited with using a telescope in the seventeenth century to discover the moons of Jupiter?	{ "text": [ "Galileo", "Kepler", "Einstein", "Newton" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Galileo", "B: Kepler", "C: Einstein", "D: Newton" ]
Mercury_7217893	Which of these is a freshwater reservoir?	{ "text": [ "Gulf of Mexico", "Pacific Ocean", "Atlantic tidal basin", "Antarctic polar ice" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Gulf of Mexico", "B: Pacific Ocean", "C: Atlantic tidal basin", "D: Antarctic polar ice" ]
Mercury_7263113	In eukaryotic organisms, microtubules give cells structure, and microfilaments help the cell contract and move. Together, they combine to perform functions similar to what two human body systems?	{ "text": [ "the endocrine and skeletal systems", "the circulatory and respiratory systems", "the skeletal and muscular systems", "the integumentary and excretory system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: the endocrine and skeletal systems", "B: the circulatory and respiratory systems", "C: the skeletal and muscular systems", "D: the integumentary and excretory system" ]
OHAT_2011_8_2	Which kind of rock is produced by deposition and cementation?	{ "text": [ "marble, a metamorphic rock", "sandstone, a sedimentary rock", "granite, an intrusive igneous rock", "pumice, an extrusive igneous rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: marble, a metamorphic rock", "B: sandstone, a sedimentary rock", "C: granite, an intrusive igneous rock", "D: pumice, an extrusive igneous rock" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_2	Which characteristic is inherited rather than learned?	{ "text": [ "telling a story", "saluting the flag", "having blue eyes", "riding a bicycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: telling a story", "B: saluting the flag", "C: having blue eyes", "D: riding a bicycle" ]
ACTAAP_2013_7_3	Which biological process in mammals occurs largely due to cell division?	{ "text": [ "healing", "respiration", "decomposition", "photosynthesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: healing", "B: respiration", "C: decomposition", "D: photosynthesis" ]
MCAS_1998_8_18	Frame construction predominates in the New England area due to the abundance of	{ "text": [ "clay.", "masonry.", "wood.", "steel." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: clay.", "B: masonry.", "C: wood.", "D: steel." ]
Mercury_7207480	Which of these properties of water helps moderate the weather of coastal areas?	{ "text": [ "neutral pH", "high specific heat", "dissolves many substances", "floats as a solid" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: neutral pH", "B: high specific heat", "C: dissolves many substances", "D: floats as a solid" ]
Mercury_SC_400326	Birds eat non-camouflaged moths at a higher rate than they eat camouflaged moths. In which situation would birds eat the moths at the slowest rate?	{ "text": [ "dark moths in any environment", "light moths in any environment", "dark moths in a light environment", "light moths in a light environment" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: dark moths in any environment", "B: light moths in any environment", "C: dark moths in a light environment", "D: light moths in a light environment" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_14	During which process does a caterpillar become a butterfly?	{ "text": [ "fertilization", "metamorphosis", "asexual reproduction", "biological adaptation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: fertilization", "2: metamorphosis", "3: asexual reproduction", "4: biological adaptation" ]
Mercury_7188983	Gregor Mendel cross-pollinated red and white snapdragon flowers. What information indicates that incomplete dominance was achieved?	{ "text": [ "The offspring had heterozygous alleles.", "The offspring had a recessive allele.", "The offspring were pink.", "The offspring were red." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The offspring had heterozygous alleles.", "B: The offspring had a recessive allele.", "C: The offspring were pink.", "D: The offspring were red." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_22	What is the major function of the human excretory system?	{ "text": [ "eliminate waste materials", "respond to stimuli", "break down food mechanically", "absorb nutrients from food" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	[ "1: eliminate waste materials", "2: respond to stimuli", "3: break down food mechanically", "4: absorb nutrients from food" ]
TIMSS_2003_4_pg37	Yumiko gave some reasons why kettles and kitchen pans are often made of copper. Which reason is correct?	{ "text": [ "Copper is a good conductor of heat.", "Copper is easy to melt.", "Copper is difficult to shape.", "Copper dissolves in hot water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Copper is a good conductor of heat.", "B: Copper is easy to melt.", "C: Copper is difficult to shape.", "D: Copper dissolves in hot water." ]
Mercury_7228253	In most animals, combinations of various tissues make up functional units called	{ "text": [ "epithelial cells.", "organs.", "organ systems.", "populations." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: epithelial cells.", "B: organs.", "C: organ systems.", "D: populations." ]
AIMS_2009_4_18	How do the spines of a cactus help it survive?	{ "text": [ "Spines help the cactus get moisture.", "Spines anchor the cactus in the ground.", "Spines protect the cactus from animals.", "Spines support the stems and branches of the cactus." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Spines help the cactus get moisture.", "B: Spines anchor the cactus in the ground.", "C: Spines protect the cactus from animals.", "D: Spines support the stems and branches of the cactus." ]
Mercury_7012565	Water enters a plant cell through the	{ "text": [ "cell wall.", "chloroplasts.", "mitochondria.", "nucleus." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: cell wall.", "B: chloroplasts.", "C: mitochondria.", "D: nucleus." ]
MCAS_1998_4_4	People are developing electric cars that would replace gasoline-burning cars. One major advantage of the electric car is that it	{ "text": [ "accelerates faster.", "causes less pollution.", "gives a smoother ride.", "needs no battery." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: accelerates faster.", "B: causes less pollution.", "C: gives a smoother ride.", "D: needs no battery." ]
NAEP_2000_8_S21+1	Which group of organisms would all be found living in a tropical rain forest?	{ "text": [ "Lizards, insects, cacti, kangaroos", "Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys", "Evergreens, moose, weasels, mink", "Lichens, mosses, caribou, polar bears" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Lizards, insects, cacti, kangaroos", "B: Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys", "C: Evergreens, moose, weasels, mink", "D: Lichens, mosses, caribou, polar bears" ]
Mercury_7217385	Which SI unit would be most appropriate for recording the length of a typical classroom?	{ "text": [ "gram", "kilogram", "meter", "kilometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: gram", "B: kilogram", "C: meter", "D: kilometer" ]
Mercury_7069440	If two objects are two meters apart, which of these changes will increase the gravitational force between the two objects?	{ "text": [ "decreasing the mass of one object", "decreasing the mass of both objects", "moving the objects to one meter apart", "moving the objects to three meters apart" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: decreasing the mass of one object", "B: decreasing the mass of both objects", "C: moving the objects to one meter apart", "D: moving the objects to three meters apart" ]
Mercury_7056840	Which of these cell structures converts nutrients to energy for cell functions?	{ "text": [ "cell membrane", "chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "endoplasmic reticulum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: cell membrane", "B: chloroplasts", "C: mitochondria", "D: endoplasmic reticulum" ]
Mercury_7103268	Cumulonimbus clouds often form along cold fronts. Which type of weather is most likely to occur along a cold front?	{ "text": [ "moderate temperature with mild breezes", "storms with hurricane winds", "rain with possible severe thunderstorms", "high temperatures with low winds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: moderate temperature with mild breezes", "B: storms with hurricane winds", "C: rain with possible severe thunderstorms", "D: high temperatures with low winds" ]
Mercury_SC_408894	An eagle is a bird that reproduces by laying its eggs in a dry nest. Which animal lays its eggs in a place most similar to the eagle?	{ "text": [ "amphibian", "fish", "mammal", "reptile" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: amphibian", "B: fish", "C: mammal", "D: reptile" ]
Mercury_401993	The chemical formula for water is H_{2}O. What does the formula show about each element in the compound?	{ "text": [ "the number of valence electrons", "the charge of the compound", "the mass of protons in each atom", "the number of atoms of each element" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: the number of valence electrons", "B: the charge of the compound", "C: the mass of protons in each atom", "D: the number of atoms of each element" ]
Mercury_400096	How far from Earth is an object that is 10 light years from Earth?	{ "text": [ "10,000 km", "10,000,000 km", "the distance light can travel in 10 years", "ten times the distance from Earth to the Sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: 10,000 km", "B: 10,000,000 km", "C: the distance light can travel in 10 years", "D: ten times the distance from Earth to the Sun" ]
Mercury_7213168	The oceans most influence global climate by	{ "text": [ "releasing heat to the atmosphere.", "cooling bordering land masses.", "providing continuous onshore winds.", "removing water vapor from the atmosphere." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: releasing heat to the atmosphere.", "B: cooling bordering land masses.", "C: providing continuous onshore winds.", "D: removing water vapor from the atmosphere." ]
Mercury_7124163	A science class investigated the percentage of corn kernels that pop in bags of different brands of popcorn. Fifteen students tested three brands of popcorn each and reported their results to the class. Why did the teacher most likely have so many students report the results?	{ "text": [ "for more accurate results", "for more student participation", "to help simplify the procedure", "to help explain the hypothesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: for more accurate results", "B: for more student participation", "C: to help simplify the procedure", "D: to help explain the hypothesis" ]
Mercury_7077630	The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element is the	{ "text": [ "proton.", "nucleus.", "electron.", "atom." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: proton.", "B: nucleus.", "C: electron.", "D: atom." ]
Mercury_7037485	What is the composition of the nucleus of an atom?	{ "text": [ "ions and electrons", "electrons and protons", "protons and neutrons", "neutrons and electrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: ions and electrons", "B: electrons and protons", "C: protons and neutrons", "D: neutrons and electrons" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS11007	Which of these would best be shown as a 3-D model?	{ "text": [ "color spectrum", "magnetic field", "skeletal system", "water cycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: color spectrum", "B: magnetic field", "C: skeletal system", "D: water cycle" ]
Mercury_7064365	A root emerges from a seed because of the force of	{ "text": [ "water against the seed coat.", "air pushing on the seed.", "gravity on the seed.", "soil pressing on the seed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: water against the seed coat.", "B: air pushing on the seed.", "C: gravity on the seed.", "D: soil pressing on the seed." ]
VASoL_2008_3_14	Which of these is the BEST reason to study weather?	{ "text": [ "To be prepared for storms", "To learn how fossils are formed", "To see changing phases of the Moon", "To find ways for animals to live longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: To be prepared for storms", "B: To learn how fossils are formed", "C: To see changing phases of the Moon", "D: To find ways for animals to live longer" ]
MCAS_2005_9_3	A recycling plant manager needs to melt 1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a specific heat of 385 J/kg x K. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of the copper to its melting point?	{ "text": [ "6.2 x 10^8 J", "6.3 x 10^8 J", "7.7 x 10^8 J", "7.9 x 10^8 J" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: 6.2 x 10^8 J", "B: 6.3 x 10^8 J", "C: 7.7 x 10^8 J", "D: 7.9 x 10^8 J" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_30	A decomposer is an organism that	{ "text": [ "preys on other animals", "eats only plants", "recycles nutrients", "uses sunlight to make food" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: preys on other animals", "B: eats only plants", "C: recycles nutrients", "D: uses sunlight to make food" ]
ACTAAP_2008_5_8	Which type of scientist would study the relationship between simple machines and energy?	{ "text": [ "chemist", "biologist", "physicist", "geologist" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: chemist", "B: biologist", "C: physicist", "D: geologist" ]
VASoL_2007_3_34	The seeds of an oak come from the ___.	{ "text": [ "fruit", "leaf", "root", "stem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: fruit", "B: leaf", "C: root", "D: stem" ]
MCAS_2007_8_5161	A manufacturer wants to produce a container for food storage that does not break easily and is airtight, inexpensive, and microwave-safe. Which of the following is the best material to use to make the container?	{ "text": [ "glass", "metal", "paper", "plastic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: glass", "B: metal", "C: paper", "D: plastic" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_30	When carbon and oxygen combine chemically, the mass of the product is	{ "text": [ "greater than the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "equal to the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "equal to the mass of the carbon", "less than the mass of the carbon" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: greater than the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "2: equal to the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "3: equal to the mass of the carbon", "4: less than the mass of the carbon" ]
Mercury_7217543	Juvenile diabetes is a disease caused by the body's inability to create insulin. The body's white blood cells attack the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This type of disease is known as	{ "text": [ "a cardiovascular disease.", "an infectious disease.", "a digestive system disease.", "an autoimmune disease." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a cardiovascular disease.", "B: an infectious disease.", "C: a digestive system disease.", "D: an autoimmune disease." ]
Mercury_SC_413625	Which of these describes a property of all matter?	{ "text": [ "All matter gives off light.", "All matter is attracted by magnets.", "All matter is made of atoms.", "All matter dissolves in water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: All matter gives off light.", "B: All matter is attracted by magnets.", "C: All matter is made of atoms.", "D: All matter dissolves in water." ]
MCAS_2007_8_5186	Which of the following is a characteristic of all chemical changes?	{ "text": [ "A different state of matter is produced.", "Some mass is converted to energy.", "Some form of light is given off.", "A new material is formed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: A different state of matter is produced.", "B: Some mass is converted to energy.", "C: Some form of light is given off.", "D: A new material is formed." ]
Mercury_7228498	What is the complementary base of adenine in DNA?	{ "text": [ "cytosine", "thymine", "guanine", "uracil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: cytosine", "B: thymine", "C: guanine", "D: uracil" ]
CSZ_2009_8_CSZ30348	What is the density of a 64-g iron cube that displaces 8 mL of water?	{ "text": [ "512 g/mL", "32 g/mL", "8 g/mL", "4 g/mL" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: 512 g/mL", "B: 32 g/mL", "C: 8 g/mL", "D: 4 g/mL" ]
Mercury_401315	What keeps Mars in orbit around the Sun?	{ "text": [ "friction", "gravity", "magnetism", "solar power" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: friction", "B: gravity", "C: magnetism", "D: solar power" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_29	Which material is primarily a mixture of weathered rock and organic matter?	{ "text": [ "minerals", "soil", "ocean water", "seashells" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: minerals", "2: soil", "3: ocean water", "4: seashells" ]
CSZ_2005_5_CSZ10170	How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?	{ "text": [ "Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.", "Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.", "Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds.", "Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.", "B: Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.", "C: Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds.", "D: Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks." ]
Mercury_7212975	Which statement best describes the climate of Nevada?	{ "text": [ "Temperature at night dropped behind a cold front.", "Wind increased during the day.", "Humidity is low throughout every summer.", "Air pressure increased gradually all week." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Temperature at night dropped behind a cold front.", "B: Wind increased during the day.", "C: Humidity is low throughout every summer.", "D: Air pressure increased gradually all week." ]
Mercury_7220920	What is the primary function of skin cells?	{ "text": [ "to deliver messages to the brain", "to generate movement of muscles", "to provide a physical barrier to the body", "to produce carbohydrates for energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: to deliver messages to the brain", "B: to generate movement of muscles", "C: to provide a physical barrier to the body", "D: to produce carbohydrates for energy" ]
MCAS_2004_5_3	Some plants grow only in specific places in the world. Some cacti, for example, grow only in deserts. Which of the following is most important in determining where a plant can grow and survive?	{ "text": [ "animals", "climate", "tides", "wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: animals", "B: climate", "C: tides", "D: wind" ]
MEA_2013_8_17	A geologist found fossils of horse bones in different rock layers of a canyon. The fossils in the lower levels show shorter bones than those in the upper-level fossils. Which conclusion is based on the geologist's observations?	{ "text": [ "Horse's reproduce using two parents.", "Horse's became larger over time.", "Smaller Horse's went extinct, and then larger Horse's formed.", "Smaller Horse's are better suited to the environment than larger Horse's." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Horse's reproduce using two parents.", "B: Horse's became larger over time.", "C: Smaller Horse's went extinct, and then larger Horse's formed.", "D: Smaller Horse's are better suited to the environment than larger Horse's." ]
Mercury_7267820	Which of the following is a reason life in the outermost planets is less likely than life on planets nearer the Sun?	{ "text": [ "They have too little mass.", "They have too much mass.", "Their surfaces are extremely hot.", "Their surfaces are extremely cold." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: They have too little mass.", "B: They have too much mass.", "C: Their surfaces are extremely hot.", "D: Their surfaces are extremely cold." ]
NCEOGA_2013_8_2	Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized?	{ "text": [ "increasing atomic number from left to right", "increasing number of neutrons from left to right", "decreasing number of electrons from left to right", "decreasing atomic mass number from left to right" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: increasing atomic number from left to right", "B: increasing number of neutrons from left to right", "C: decreasing number of electrons from left to right", "D: decreasing atomic mass number from left to right" ]
Mercury_SC_408781	Nonrenewable sources of energy have limited supplies. Researchers are developing devices that will make renewable energy more available. Which is a source of renewable energy?	{ "text": [ "coal", "gasoline", "oil", "wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: coal", "B: gasoline", "C: oil", "D: wind" ]
Mercury_7268100	Which of these living things in a grassland ecosystem depend on the presence of a variety of bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil?	{ "text": [ "worms only", "green plants only", "plants and animals only", "all the organisms in the ecosystem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: worms only", "B: green plants only", "C: plants and animals only", "D: all the organisms in the ecosystem" ]
Mercury_7136080	An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment. Why are decomposers an important part of ecosystems?	{ "text": [ "They break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil.", "They produce their own food for survival.", "They play a role in preventing weathering and erosion.", "They provide most of the energy to consumers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: They break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil.", "B: They produce their own food for survival.", "C: They play a role in preventing weathering and erosion.", "D: They provide most of the energy to consumers." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_26	Which term identifies a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function?	{ "text": [ "molecule", "organ", "organism", "tissue" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	4	[ "1: molecule", "2: organ", "3: organism", "4: tissue" ]
Mercury_7015873	Which of these statements is not considered part of the Big Bang Theory?	{ "text": [ "The universe is expanding.", "The universe never changes.", "The universe began in a hot, dense state.", "The universe began at a single point and time." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The universe is expanding.", "B: The universe never changes.", "C: The universe began in a hot, dense state.", "D: The universe began at a single point and time." ]
Mercury_7194338	Cells in the body use oxygen (O2) for cellular respiration. Which is the result of cellular respiration?	{ "text": [ "ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed.", "ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "B: ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "C: ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed.", "D: ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed." ]
Mercury_7068548	Which geologic process is absent from the Gulf Coast states?	{ "text": [ "beach development", "subduction zones", "weathering", "erosion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: beach development", "B: subduction zones", "C: weathering", "D: erosion" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_11	The human body gets the energy it needs for growth and repair directly from	{ "text": [ "soil", "food", "sunlight", "water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: soil", "B: food", "C: sunlight", "D: water" ]
Mercury_7085173	In what type of rock would a geologist most likely find evidence of ancient life?	{ "text": [ "sedimentary", "foliated", "metamorphic", "volcanic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: sedimentary", "B: foliated", "C: metamorphic", "D: volcanic" ]
ACTAAP_2010_5_3	During the Apollo 14 moon landing, astronauts played golf on the moon. Which of the following would be less on the moon than on Earth?	{ "text": [ "The mass of the golf ball", "The weight of the golf ball", "The mass and size of the golf ball", "The weight and size of the golf ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The mass of the golf ball", "B: The weight of the golf ball", "C: The mass and size of the golf ball", "D: The weight and size of the golf ball" ]
Mercury_SC_400596	Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation are all processes which occur in the	{ "text": [ "water cycle.", "energy cycle.", "carbon cycle.", "nitrogen cycle." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: water cycle.", "B: energy cycle.", "C: carbon cycle.", "D: nitrogen cycle." ]
AIMS_2009_4_10	Directions Read the information about wind erosion then answer the question. Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed?	{ "text": [ "anemometer", "barometer", "rain gauge", "thermometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: anemometer", "B: barometer", "C: rain gauge", "D: thermometer" ]
CSZ_2008_5_CSZ10104	Where does oxygen-rich blood go after leaving the lungs?	{ "text": [ "the brain.", "the heart.", "the kidney.", "the stomach." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: the brain.", "B: the heart.", "C: the kidney.", "D: the stomach." ]
MDSA_2008_5_1	Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops?	{ "text": [ "Will the food ripen?", "Will the food stay fresh?", "Will the food harm humans?", "Will the food harm bugs in the home?" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Will the food ripen?", "B: Will the food stay fresh?", "C: Will the food harm humans?", "D: Will the food harm bugs in the home?" ]
Mercury_SC_405295	The number of fish in a lake suddenly increases. How will the increase most likely affect the lake?	{ "text": [ "There will be less water in the lake.", "More plants will grow in the lake.", "More frogs will live in the lake.", "There will be fewer insects in the lake." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: There will be less water in the lake.", "B: More plants will grow in the lake.", "C: More frogs will live in the lake.", "D: There will be fewer insects in the lake." ]
AKDE&ED_2012_8_24	Which statement correctly describes a relationship between two human body systems?	{ "text": [ "The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the nervous system.", "The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the circulatory system.", "The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the nervous system.", "The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the digestive system." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the nervous system.", "B: The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the circulatory system.", "C: The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the nervous system.", "D: The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the digestive system." ]
AKDE&ED_2012_8_12	Which statement best explains Earth's day and night cycle?	{ "text": [ "Earth rotates once each day on its axis.", "Earth revolves around the Sun each year.", "The Sun is closest to Earth during the day.", "The tilt of Earth changes throughout the year." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Earth rotates once each day on its axis.", "B: Earth revolves around the Sun each year.", "C: The Sun is closest to Earth during the day.", "D: The tilt of Earth changes throughout the year." ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_S1	What is the first thing a student should do if an accident happens during a science experiment?	{ "text": [ "report to the teacher", "clean the laboratory station", "locate the nearest exit", "put on safety goggles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: report to the teacher", "B: clean the laboratory station", "C: locate the nearest exit", "D: put on safety goggles" ]
Mercury_178115	Which of the following helps keep the Moon in its orbit?	{ "text": [ "friction", "gravity", "longitude", "latitude" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: friction", "B: gravity", "C: longitude", "D: latitude" ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_44	Which process allows green plants to control the amount of water stored in their leaves?	{ "text": [ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "respiration", "transpiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: photosynthesis", "B: condensation", "C: respiration", "D: transpiration" ]
Mercury_183698	What is a job of white blood cells?	{ "text": [ "transport oxygen", "remove waste", "fight disease", "enable reproduction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: transport oxygen", "B: remove waste", "C: fight disease", "D: enable reproduction" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10028	Which is an example of kinetic energy?	{ "text": [ "a book sitting on a shelf", "a ball rolling down a hill", "a runner about to start a race", "a window getting hot from the sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a book sitting on a shelf", "B: a ball rolling down a hill", "C: a runner about to start a race", "D: a window getting hot from the sun" ]
Mercury_7216930	A new mutation that occurs in which type of cell can be passed on to offspring?	{ "text": [ "blood cell", "nerve cell", "brain cell", "egg cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: blood cell", "B: nerve cell", "C: brain cell", "D: egg cell" ]
Mercury_7004603	When too much salt is detected in the bloodstream, the brain secretes a hormone that helps the body retain water by reducing the amount of urine produced. This is an example of	{ "text": [ "a feedback loop.", "an acquired trait.", "a balanced ecosystem.", "a symbiotic relationship." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: a feedback loop.", "B: an acquired trait.", "C: a balanced ecosystem.", "D: a symbiotic relationship." ]
Mercury_7026880	Which of these is a safe practice in a laboratory investigation when working with chemicals?	{ "text": [ "pouring unused chemicals down the sink", "mixing leftover chemicals in one container", "wearing safety goggles when working with chemicals", "returning unused chemicals to the original container" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: pouring unused chemicals down the sink", "B: mixing leftover chemicals in one container", "C: wearing safety goggles when working with chemicals", "D: returning unused chemicals to the original container" ]
Mercury_7015593	Which change in the environment would have a negative effect on the survival of a species in an ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "increase in the population of prey", "introduction of a competing species", "decrease in the population of predators", "increase in genetic diversity of the species" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: increase in the population of prey", "B: introduction of a competing species", "C: decrease in the population of predators", "D: increase in genetic diversity of the species" ]
Mercury_7084333	An element is identified by	{ "text": [ "its number of protons.", "the atomic mass.", "the type of charge.", "its number of isotopes." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: its number of protons.", "B: the atomic mass.", "C: the type of charge.", "D: its number of isotopes." ]
VASoL_2008_3_2	Which of these dissolve in water?	{ "text": [ "Sand grains", "Sugar cubes", "Plastic straws", "Wooden spoons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Sand grains", "B: Sugar cubes", "C: Plastic straws", "D: Wooden spoons" ]
OHAT_2010_5_43	What is the main function of a plant stem?	{ "text": [ "to collect pollen from other plants to make seeds", "to absorb water and plant nutrients from the soil", "to carry food and water to the rest of the plant", "to make food for the plant" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: to collect pollen from other plants to make seeds", "B: to absorb water and plant nutrients from the soil", "C: to carry food and water to the rest of the plant", "D: to make food for the plant" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_12	Naturally occurring variations within a species are mainly the result of mutations and	{ "text": [ "sexual reproduction", "dynamic equilibrium", "metabolism", "camouflage" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	[ "1: sexual reproduction", "2: dynamic equilibrium", "3: metabolism", "4: camouflage" ]
CSZ30112	As a sample of water turns to ice,	{ "text": [ "new molecules are formed.", "the mass of the sample is increased.", "the arrangement of the molecules changes.", "energy is absorbed by the molecules." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: new molecules are formed.", "B: the mass of the sample is increased.", "C: the arrangement of the molecules changes.", "D: energy is absorbed by the molecules." ]
Mercury_SC_413077	An ice cube is placed in a pan. The pan is placed over an open flame. Which change will most likely happen over time?	{ "text": [ "The ice changes to a liquid and back to a solid.", "The ice changes to a liquid then to a gas.", "The ice changes to a gas and back to a solid.", "The ice changes to a gas then to a liquid." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The ice changes to a liquid and back to a solid.", "B: The ice changes to a liquid then to a gas.", "C: The ice changes to a gas and back to a solid.", "D: The ice changes to a gas then to a liquid." ]
Mercury_SC_407369	Byron is investigating how temperature affects mold growth on bread. Before starting his procedure, Byron states in his journal that he thinks wet bread placed in the refrigerator will grow the most mold. Which term best describes Byron's statement?	{ "text": [ "conclusion", "result", "hypothesis", "variable" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: conclusion", "B: result", "C: hypothesis", "D: variable" ]
MCAS_1998_4_16	The telephone was invented in Boston by	{ "text": [ "Alexander Graham Bell.", "Samuel F. B. Morse.", "Henry Ford.", "Thomas Alva Edison." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Alexander Graham Bell.", "B: Samuel F. B. Morse.", "C: Henry Ford.", "D: Thomas Alva Edison." ]
Mercury_416462	Which characteristic can an amoeba change that a paramecium cannot change?	{ "text": [ "sex", "shape", "color", "position" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: sex", "B: shape", "C: color", "D: position" ]

Mercury_404951

After a race, a newspaper lists the names of the five fastest runners. Another method that could be used to identify the five fastest runners is to make a chart that shows the

{ "text": [ "average of the speeds of the runners.", "total distance for each runner.", "time it took each runner to run the race.", "percentage of the runners who finished the race." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: average of the speeds of the runners.", "B: total distance for each runner.", "C: time it took each runner to run the race.", "D: percentage of the runners who finished the race." ]

LEAP__7_10353

A scientist plans to investigate the nervous system of sea slugs. What should the scientist do first?

{ "text": [ "Develop a theory about sea slugs that can be tested.", "Go to the ocean to observe the behavior of sea slugs.", "Obtain several sea slugs and conduct experiments with them.", "Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Develop a theory about sea slugs that can be tested.", "B: Go to the ocean to observe the behavior of sea slugs.", "C: Obtain several sea slugs and conduct experiments with them.", "D: Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs." ]

Mercury_7182193

Natural selection is a mechanism that acts on individuals within a population. Which is a result of the process of natural selection?

{ "text": [ "The reproductive rate of the population decreases.", "Genetic similarity within the population increases.", "Organisms are better adapted to their environment.", "Adverse changes to the environment become more frequent." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The reproductive rate of the population decreases.", "B: Genetic similarity within the population increases.", "C: Organisms are better adapted to their environment.", "D: Adverse changes to the environment become more frequent." ]

Mercury_415543

What chemical symbol represents the element iron?

{ "text": [ "Fe", "I", "Ir", "Pb" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Fe", "B: I", "C: Ir", "D: Pb" ]

Mercury_SC_LBS10909

A push or a pull on an object is an example of

{ "text": [ "force.", "weight.", "energy.", "work." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: force.", "B: weight.", "C: energy.", "D: work." ]

AIMS_2009_4_30

Which statement is a description of weather?

{ "text": [ "Summers in Tucson are hot and dry.", "Winters in Flagstaff are cold and snowy.", "The temperature is 55° F in Winslow today.", "The Sun will set in Yuma today at 6:45 p.m." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Summers in Tucson are hot and dry.", "B: Winters in Flagstaff are cold and snowy.", "C: The temperature is 55° F in Winslow today.", "D: The Sun will set in Yuma today at 6:45 p.m." ]

MCAS_2015_5_9

Clouds and precipitation moved across western Massachusetts one evening. The temperature changed from 41°F to 28°F. Which of the following changes in precipitation most likely occurred on this evening?

{ "text": [ "sleet changing to hail", "snow changing to rain", "rain changing to sleet", "snow changing to hail" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: sleet changing to hail", "B: snow changing to rain", "C: rain changing to sleet", "D: snow changing to hail" ]

Mercury_7024973

The human body has an average, normal temperature of about 98.6ºF. To keep the core body temperature from becoming too high, the brain sends a signal to the body to

{ "text": [ "decrease sugar levels in the blood.", "increase sugar levels in the blood.", "decrease blood flow to the skin.", "increase blood flow to the skin." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: decrease sugar levels in the blood.", "B: increase sugar levels in the blood.", "C: decrease blood flow to the skin.", "D: increase blood flow to the skin." ]

Mercury_SC_408539

Why is water considered to be a renewable resource?

{ "text": [ "Water can be used over again.", "Water can be found all over Earth.", "Water can dissolve other substances.", "Water is needed by organisms to stay alive." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Water can be used over again.", "B: Water can be found all over Earth.", "C: Water can dissolve other substances.", "D: Water is needed by organisms to stay alive." ]

Mercury_7017833

What is the most prominent land feature formed by the convergence of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates?

{ "text": [ "China", "Australia", "Ural Mountains", "Himalaya Mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: China", "B: Australia", "C: Ural Mountains", "D: Himalaya Mountains" ]

AIMS_2008_4_10

To which group does an animal belong if it lays eggs and has scales and gills?

{ "text": [ "amphibian", "bird", "fish", "reptile" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: amphibian", "B: bird", "C: fish", "D: reptile" ]

Mercury_SC_406744

What causes nighttime and daytime on Earth?

{ "text": [ "the Sun rotating on its axis", "Earth rotating on its axis", "Earth revolving around the Sun", "the Moon revolving around Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: the Sun rotating on its axis", "B: Earth rotating on its axis", "C: Earth revolving around the Sun", "D: the Moon revolving around Earth" ]

Mercury_SC_417575

Which area is coldest?

{ "text": [ "rainforest", "tundra", "grassland", "reef" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: rainforest", "B: tundra", "C: grassland", "D: reef" ]

Mercury_SC_401799

Which scientist is credited with using a telescope in the seventeenth century to discover the moons of Jupiter?

{ "text": [ "Galileo", "Kepler", "Einstein", "Newton" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Galileo", "B: Kepler", "C: Einstein", "D: Newton" ]

Mercury_7217893

Which of these is a freshwater reservoir?

{ "text": [ "Gulf of Mexico", "Pacific Ocean", "Atlantic tidal basin", "Antarctic polar ice" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Gulf of Mexico", "B: Pacific Ocean", "C: Atlantic tidal basin", "D: Antarctic polar ice" ]

Mercury_7263113

In eukaryotic organisms, microtubules give cells structure, and microfilaments help the cell contract and move. Together, they combine to perform functions similar to what two human body systems?

{ "text": [ "the endocrine and skeletal systems", "the circulatory and respiratory systems", "the skeletal and muscular systems", "the integumentary and excretory system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: the endocrine and skeletal systems", "B: the circulatory and respiratory systems", "C: the skeletal and muscular systems", "D: the integumentary and excretory system" ]

OHAT_2011_8_2

Which kind of rock is produced by deposition and cementation?

{ "text": [ "marble, a metamorphic rock", "sandstone, a sedimentary rock", "granite, an intrusive igneous rock", "pumice, an extrusive igneous rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: marble, a metamorphic rock", "B: sandstone, a sedimentary rock", "C: granite, an intrusive igneous rock", "D: pumice, an extrusive igneous rock" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_2

Which characteristic is inherited rather than learned?

{ "text": [ "telling a story", "saluting the flag", "having blue eyes", "riding a bicycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: telling a story", "B: saluting the flag", "C: having blue eyes", "D: riding a bicycle" ]

ACTAAP_2013_7_3

Which biological process in mammals occurs largely due to cell division?

{ "text": [ "healing", "respiration", "decomposition", "photosynthesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: healing", "B: respiration", "C: decomposition", "D: photosynthesis" ]

MCAS_1998_8_18

Frame construction predominates in the New England area due to the abundance of

{ "text": [ "clay.", "masonry.", "wood.", "steel." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: clay.", "B: masonry.", "C: wood.", "D: steel." ]

Mercury_7207480

Which of these properties of water helps moderate the weather of coastal areas?

{ "text": [ "neutral pH", "high specific heat", "dissolves many substances", "floats as a solid" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: neutral pH", "B: high specific heat", "C: dissolves many substances", "D: floats as a solid" ]

Mercury_SC_400326

Birds eat non-camouflaged moths at a higher rate than they eat camouflaged moths. In which situation would birds eat the moths at the slowest rate?

{ "text": [ "dark moths in any environment", "light moths in any environment", "dark moths in a light environment", "light moths in a light environment" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: dark moths in any environment", "B: light moths in any environment", "C: dark moths in a light environment", "D: light moths in a light environment" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_14

During which process does a caterpillar become a butterfly?

{ "text": [ "fertilization", "metamorphosis", "asexual reproduction", "biological adaptation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: fertilization", "2: metamorphosis", "3: asexual reproduction", "4: biological adaptation" ]

Mercury_7188983

Gregor Mendel cross-pollinated red and white snapdragon flowers. What information indicates that incomplete dominance was achieved?

{ "text": [ "The offspring had heterozygous alleles.", "The offspring had a recessive allele.", "The offspring were pink.", "The offspring were red." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The offspring had heterozygous alleles.", "B: The offspring had a recessive allele.", "C: The offspring were pink.", "D: The offspring were red." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_22

What is the major function of the human excretory system?

{ "text": [ "eliminate waste materials", "respond to stimuli", "break down food mechanically", "absorb nutrients from food" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

[ "1: eliminate waste materials", "2: respond to stimuli", "3: break down food mechanically", "4: absorb nutrients from food" ]

TIMSS_2003_4_pg37

Yumiko gave some reasons why kettles and kitchen pans are often made of copper. Which reason is correct?

{ "text": [ "Copper is a good conductor of heat.", "Copper is easy to melt.", "Copper is difficult to shape.", "Copper dissolves in hot water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Copper is a good conductor of heat.", "B: Copper is easy to melt.", "C: Copper is difficult to shape.", "D: Copper dissolves in hot water." ]

Mercury_7228253

In most animals, combinations of various tissues make up functional units called

{ "text": [ "epithelial cells.", "organs.", "organ systems.", "populations." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: epithelial cells.", "B: organs.", "C: organ systems.", "D: populations." ]

AIMS_2009_4_18

How do the spines of a cactus help it survive?

{ "text": [ "Spines help the cactus get moisture.", "Spines anchor the cactus in the ground.", "Spines protect the cactus from animals.", "Spines support the stems and branches of the cactus." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Spines help the cactus get moisture.", "B: Spines anchor the cactus in the ground.", "C: Spines protect the cactus from animals.", "D: Spines support the stems and branches of the cactus." ]

Mercury_7012565

Water enters a plant cell through the

{ "text": [ "cell wall.", "chloroplasts.", "mitochondria.", "nucleus." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: cell wall.", "B: chloroplasts.", "C: mitochondria.", "D: nucleus." ]

MCAS_1998_4_4

People are developing electric cars that would replace gasoline-burning cars. One major advantage of the electric car is that it

{ "text": [ "accelerates faster.", "causes less pollution.", "gives a smoother ride.", "needs no battery." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: accelerates faster.", "B: causes less pollution.", "C: gives a smoother ride.", "D: needs no battery." ]

NAEP_2000_8_S21+1

Which group of organisms would all be found living in a tropical rain forest?

{ "text": [ "Lizards, insects, cacti, kangaroos", "Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys", "Evergreens, moose, weasels, mink", "Lichens, mosses, caribou, polar bears" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Lizards, insects, cacti, kangaroos", "B: Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys", "C: Evergreens, moose, weasels, mink", "D: Lichens, mosses, caribou, polar bears" ]

Mercury_7217385

Which SI unit would be most appropriate for recording the length of a typical classroom?

{ "text": [ "gram", "kilogram", "meter", "kilometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: gram", "B: kilogram", "C: meter", "D: kilometer" ]

Mercury_7069440

If two objects are two meters apart, which of these changes will increase the gravitational force between the two objects?

{ "text": [ "decreasing the mass of one object", "decreasing the mass of both objects", "moving the objects to one meter apart", "moving the objects to three meters apart" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: decreasing the mass of one object", "B: decreasing the mass of both objects", "C: moving the objects to one meter apart", "D: moving the objects to three meters apart" ]

Mercury_7056840

Which of these cell structures converts nutrients to energy for cell functions?

{ "text": [ "cell membrane", "chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "endoplasmic reticulum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: cell membrane", "B: chloroplasts", "C: mitochondria", "D: endoplasmic reticulum" ]

Mercury_7103268

Cumulonimbus clouds often form along cold fronts. Which type of weather is most likely to occur along a cold front?

{ "text": [ "moderate temperature with mild breezes", "storms with hurricane winds", "rain with possible severe thunderstorms", "high temperatures with low winds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: moderate temperature with mild breezes", "B: storms with hurricane winds", "C: rain with possible severe thunderstorms", "D: high temperatures with low winds" ]

Mercury_SC_408894

An eagle is a bird that reproduces by laying its eggs in a dry nest. Which animal lays its eggs in a place most similar to the eagle?

{ "text": [ "amphibian", "fish", "mammal", "reptile" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: amphibian", "B: fish", "C: mammal", "D: reptile" ]

Mercury_401993

The chemical formula for water is H_{2}O. What does the formula show about each element in the compound?

{ "text": [ "the number of valence electrons", "the charge of the compound", "the mass of protons in each atom", "the number of atoms of each element" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: the number of valence electrons", "B: the charge of the compound", "C: the mass of protons in each atom", "D: the number of atoms of each element" ]

Mercury_400096

How far from Earth is an object that is 10 light years from Earth?

{ "text": [ "10,000 km", "10,000,000 km", "the distance light can travel in 10 years", "ten times the distance from Earth to the Sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: 10,000 km", "B: 10,000,000 km", "C: the distance light can travel in 10 years", "D: ten times the distance from Earth to the Sun" ]

Mercury_7213168

The oceans most influence global climate by

{ "text": [ "releasing heat to the atmosphere.", "cooling bordering land masses.", "providing continuous onshore winds.", "removing water vapor from the atmosphere." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: releasing heat to the atmosphere.", "B: cooling bordering land masses.", "C: providing continuous onshore winds.", "D: removing water vapor from the atmosphere." ]

Mercury_7124163

A science class investigated the percentage of corn kernels that pop in bags of different brands of popcorn. Fifteen students tested three brands of popcorn each and reported their results to the class. Why did the teacher most likely have so many students report the results?

{ "text": [ "for more accurate results", "for more student participation", "to help simplify the procedure", "to help explain the hypothesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: for more accurate results", "B: for more student participation", "C: to help simplify the procedure", "D: to help explain the hypothesis" ]

Mercury_7077630

The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element is the

{ "text": [ "proton.", "nucleus.", "electron.", "atom." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: proton.", "B: nucleus.", "C: electron.", "D: atom." ]

Mercury_7037485

What is the composition of the nucleus of an atom?

{ "text": [ "ions and electrons", "electrons and protons", "protons and neutrons", "neutrons and electrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: ions and electrons", "B: electrons and protons", "C: protons and neutrons", "D: neutrons and electrons" ]

Mercury_SC_LBS11007

Which of these would best be shown as a 3-D model?

{ "text": [ "color spectrum", "magnetic field", "skeletal system", "water cycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: color spectrum", "B: magnetic field", "C: skeletal system", "D: water cycle" ]

Mercury_7064365

A root emerges from a seed because of the force of

{ "text": [ "water against the seed coat.", "air pushing on the seed.", "gravity on the seed.", "soil pressing on the seed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: water against the seed coat.", "B: air pushing on the seed.", "C: gravity on the seed.", "D: soil pressing on the seed." ]

VASoL_2008_3_14

Which of these is the BEST reason to study weather?

{ "text": [ "To be prepared for storms", "To learn how fossils are formed", "To see changing phases of the Moon", "To find ways for animals to live longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: To be prepared for storms", "B: To learn how fossils are formed", "C: To see changing phases of the Moon", "D: To find ways for animals to live longer" ]

MCAS_2005_9_3

A recycling plant manager needs to melt 1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a specific heat of 385 J/kg x K. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of the copper to its melting point?

{ "text": [ "6.2 x 10^8 J", "6.3 x 10^8 J", "7.7 x 10^8 J", "7.9 x 10^8 J" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: 6.2 x 10^8 J", "B: 6.3 x 10^8 J", "C: 7.7 x 10^8 J", "D: 7.9 x 10^8 J" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_30

A decomposer is an organism that

{ "text": [ "preys on other animals", "eats only plants", "recycles nutrients", "uses sunlight to make food" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: preys on other animals", "B: eats only plants", "C: recycles nutrients", "D: uses sunlight to make food" ]

ACTAAP_2008_5_8

Which type of scientist would study the relationship between simple machines and energy?

{ "text": [ "chemist", "biologist", "physicist", "geologist" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: chemist", "B: biologist", "C: physicist", "D: geologist" ]

VASoL_2007_3_34

The seeds of an oak come from the ___.

{ "text": [ "fruit", "leaf", "root", "stem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: fruit", "B: leaf", "C: root", "D: stem" ]

MCAS_2007_8_5161

A manufacturer wants to produce a container for food storage that does not break easily and is airtight, inexpensive, and microwave-safe. Which of the following is the best material to use to make the container?

{ "text": [ "glass", "metal", "paper", "plastic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: glass", "B: metal", "C: paper", "D: plastic" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_30

When carbon and oxygen combine chemically, the mass of the product is

{ "text": [ "greater than the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "equal to the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "equal to the mass of the carbon", "less than the mass of the carbon" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: greater than the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "2: equal to the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen", "3: equal to the mass of the carbon", "4: less than the mass of the carbon" ]

Mercury_7217543

Juvenile diabetes is a disease caused by the body's inability to create insulin. The body's white blood cells attack the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This type of disease is known as

{ "text": [ "a cardiovascular disease.", "an infectious disease.", "a digestive system disease.", "an autoimmune disease." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a cardiovascular disease.", "B: an infectious disease.", "C: a digestive system disease.", "D: an autoimmune disease." ]

Mercury_SC_413625

Which of these describes a property of all matter?

{ "text": [ "All matter gives off light.", "All matter is attracted by magnets.", "All matter is made of atoms.", "All matter dissolves in water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: All matter gives off light.", "B: All matter is attracted by magnets.", "C: All matter is made of atoms.", "D: All matter dissolves in water." ]

MCAS_2007_8_5186

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chemical changes?

{ "text": [ "A different state of matter is produced.", "Some mass is converted to energy.", "Some form of light is given off.", "A new material is formed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: A different state of matter is produced.", "B: Some mass is converted to energy.", "C: Some form of light is given off.", "D: A new material is formed." ]

Mercury_7228498

What is the complementary base of adenine in DNA?

{ "text": [ "cytosine", "thymine", "guanine", "uracil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: cytosine", "B: thymine", "C: guanine", "D: uracil" ]

CSZ_2009_8_CSZ30348

What is the density of a 64-g iron cube that displaces 8 mL of water?

{ "text": [ "512 g/mL", "32 g/mL", "8 g/mL", "4 g/mL" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: 512 g/mL", "B: 32 g/mL", "C: 8 g/mL", "D: 4 g/mL" ]

Mercury_401315

What keeps Mars in orbit around the Sun?

{ "text": [ "friction", "gravity", "magnetism", "solar power" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: friction", "B: gravity", "C: magnetism", "D: solar power" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_29

Which material is primarily a mixture of weathered rock and organic matter?

{ "text": [ "minerals", "soil", "ocean water", "seashells" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: minerals", "2: soil", "3: ocean water", "4: seashells" ]

CSZ_2005_5_CSZ10170

How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?

{ "text": [ "Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.", "Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.", "Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds.", "Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.", "B: Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.", "C: Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds.", "D: Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks." ]

Mercury_7212975

Which statement best describes the climate of Nevada?

{ "text": [ "Temperature at night dropped behind a cold front.", "Wind increased during the day.", "Humidity is low throughout every summer.", "Air pressure increased gradually all week." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Temperature at night dropped behind a cold front.", "B: Wind increased during the day.", "C: Humidity is low throughout every summer.", "D: Air pressure increased gradually all week." ]

Mercury_7220920

What is the primary function of skin cells?

{ "text": [ "to deliver messages to the brain", "to generate movement of muscles", "to provide a physical barrier to the body", "to produce carbohydrates for energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: to deliver messages to the brain", "B: to generate movement of muscles", "C: to provide a physical barrier to the body", "D: to produce carbohydrates for energy" ]

MCAS_2004_5_3

Some plants grow only in specific places in the world. Some cacti, for example, grow only in deserts. Which of the following is most important in determining where a plant can grow and survive?

{ "text": [ "animals", "climate", "tides", "wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: animals", "B: climate", "C: tides", "D: wind" ]

MEA_2013_8_17

A geologist found fossils of horse bones in different rock layers of a canyon. The fossils in the lower levels show shorter bones than those in the upper-level fossils. Which conclusion is based on the geologist's observations?

{ "text": [ "Horse's reproduce using two parents.", "Horse's became larger over time.", "Smaller Horse's went extinct, and then larger Horse's formed.", "Smaller Horse's are better suited to the environment than larger Horse's." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Horse's reproduce using two parents.", "B: Horse's became larger over time.", "C: Smaller Horse's went extinct, and then larger Horse's formed.", "D: Smaller Horse's are better suited to the environment than larger Horse's." ]

Mercury_7267820

Which of the following is a reason life in the outermost planets is less likely than life on planets nearer the Sun?

{ "text": [ "They have too little mass.", "They have too much mass.", "Their surfaces are extremely hot.", "Their surfaces are extremely cold." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: They have too little mass.", "B: They have too much mass.", "C: Their surfaces are extremely hot.", "D: Their surfaces are extremely cold." ]

NCEOGA_2013_8_2

Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized?

{ "text": [ "increasing atomic number from left to right", "increasing number of neutrons from left to right", "decreasing number of electrons from left to right", "decreasing atomic mass number from left to right" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: increasing atomic number from left to right", "B: increasing number of neutrons from left to right", "C: decreasing number of electrons from left to right", "D: decreasing atomic mass number from left to right" ]

Mercury_SC_408781

Nonrenewable sources of energy have limited supplies. Researchers are developing devices that will make renewable energy more available. Which is a source of renewable energy?

{ "text": [ "coal", "gasoline", "oil", "wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: coal", "B: gasoline", "C: oil", "D: wind" ]

Mercury_7268100

Which of these living things in a grassland ecosystem depend on the presence of a variety of bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil?

{ "text": [ "worms only", "green plants only", "plants and animals only", "all the organisms in the ecosystem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: worms only", "B: green plants only", "C: plants and animals only", "D: all the organisms in the ecosystem" ]

Mercury_7136080

An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment. Why are decomposers an important part of ecosystems?

{ "text": [ "They break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil.", "They produce their own food for survival.", "They play a role in preventing weathering and erosion.", "They provide most of the energy to consumers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: They break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil.", "B: They produce their own food for survival.", "C: They play a role in preventing weathering and erosion.", "D: They provide most of the energy to consumers." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_26

Which term identifies a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function?

{ "text": [ "molecule", "organ", "organism", "tissue" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

4

[ "1: molecule", "2: organ", "3: organism", "4: tissue" ]

Mercury_7015873

Which of these statements is not considered part of the Big Bang Theory?

{ "text": [ "The universe is expanding.", "The universe never changes.", "The universe began in a hot, dense state.", "The universe began at a single point and time." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The universe is expanding.", "B: The universe never changes.", "C: The universe began in a hot, dense state.", "D: The universe began at a single point and time." ]

Mercury_7194338

Cells in the body use oxygen (O2) for cellular respiration. Which is the result of cellular respiration?

{ "text": [ "ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed.", "ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "B: ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "C: ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed.", "D: ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed." ]

Mercury_7068548

Which geologic process is absent from the Gulf Coast states?

{ "text": [ "beach development", "subduction zones", "weathering", "erosion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: beach development", "B: subduction zones", "C: weathering", "D: erosion" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_11

The human body gets the energy it needs for growth and repair directly from

{ "text": [ "soil", "food", "sunlight", "water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: soil", "B: food", "C: sunlight", "D: water" ]

Mercury_7085173

In what type of rock would a geologist most likely find evidence of ancient life?

{ "text": [ "sedimentary", "foliated", "metamorphic", "volcanic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: sedimentary", "B: foliated", "C: metamorphic", "D: volcanic" ]

ACTAAP_2010_5_3

During the Apollo 14 moon landing, astronauts played golf on the moon. Which of the following would be less on the moon than on Earth?

{ "text": [ "The mass of the golf ball", "The weight of the golf ball", "The mass and size of the golf ball", "The weight and size of the golf ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The mass of the golf ball", "B: The weight of the golf ball", "C: The mass and size of the golf ball", "D: The weight and size of the golf ball" ]

Mercury_SC_400596

Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation are all processes which occur in the

{ "text": [ "water cycle.", "energy cycle.", "carbon cycle.", "nitrogen cycle." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: water cycle.", "B: energy cycle.", "C: carbon cycle.", "D: nitrogen cycle." ]

AIMS_2009_4_10

Directions Read the information about wind erosion then answer the question. Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed?

{ "text": [ "anemometer", "barometer", "rain gauge", "thermometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: anemometer", "B: barometer", "C: rain gauge", "D: thermometer" ]

CSZ_2008_5_CSZ10104

Where does oxygen-rich blood go after leaving the lungs?

{ "text": [ "the brain.", "the heart.", "the kidney.", "the stomach." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: the brain.", "B: the heart.", "C: the kidney.", "D: the stomach." ]

MDSA_2008_5_1

Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops?

{ "text": [ "Will the food ripen?", "Will the food stay fresh?", "Will the food harm humans?", "Will the food harm bugs in the home?" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Will the food ripen?", "B: Will the food stay fresh?", "C: Will the food harm humans?", "D: Will the food harm bugs in the home?" ]

Mercury_SC_405295

The number of fish in a lake suddenly increases. How will the increase most likely affect the lake?

{ "text": [ "There will be less water in the lake.", "More plants will grow in the lake.", "More frogs will live in the lake.", "There will be fewer insects in the lake." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: There will be less water in the lake.", "B: More plants will grow in the lake.", "C: More frogs will live in the lake.", "D: There will be fewer insects in the lake." ]

AKDE&ED_2012_8_24

Which statement correctly describes a relationship between two human body systems?

{ "text": [ "The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the nervous system.", "The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the circulatory system.", "The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the nervous system.", "The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the digestive system." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the nervous system.", "B: The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the circulatory system.", "C: The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the nervous system.", "D: The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the digestive system." ]

AKDE&ED_2012_8_12

Which statement best explains Earth's day and night cycle?

{ "text": [ "Earth rotates once each day on its axis.", "Earth revolves around the Sun each year.", "The Sun is closest to Earth during the day.", "The tilt of Earth changes throughout the year." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Earth rotates once each day on its axis.", "B: Earth revolves around the Sun each year.", "C: The Sun is closest to Earth during the day.", "D: The tilt of Earth changes throughout the year." ]

NCEOGA_2013_5_S1

What is the first thing a student should do if an accident happens during a science experiment?

{ "text": [ "report to the teacher", "clean the laboratory station", "locate the nearest exit", "put on safety goggles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: report to the teacher", "B: clean the laboratory station", "C: locate the nearest exit", "D: put on safety goggles" ]

Mercury_178115

Which of the following helps keep the Moon in its orbit?

{ "text": [ "friction", "gravity", "longitude", "latitude" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: friction", "B: gravity", "C: longitude", "D: latitude" ]

NCEOGA_2013_5_44

Which process allows green plants to control the amount of water stored in their leaves?

{ "text": [ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "respiration", "transpiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: photosynthesis", "B: condensation", "C: respiration", "D: transpiration" ]

Mercury_183698

What is a job of white blood cells?

{ "text": [ "transport oxygen", "remove waste", "fight disease", "enable reproduction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: transport oxygen", "B: remove waste", "C: fight disease", "D: enable reproduction" ]

Mercury_SC_LBS10028

Which is an example of kinetic energy?

{ "text": [ "a book sitting on a shelf", "a ball rolling down a hill", "a runner about to start a race", "a window getting hot from the sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a book sitting on a shelf", "B: a ball rolling down a hill", "C: a runner about to start a race", "D: a window getting hot from the sun" ]

Mercury_7216930

A new mutation that occurs in which type of cell can be passed on to offspring?

{ "text": [ "blood cell", "nerve cell", "brain cell", "egg cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: blood cell", "B: nerve cell", "C: brain cell", "D: egg cell" ]

Mercury_7004603

When too much salt is detected in the bloodstream, the brain secretes a hormone that helps the body retain water by reducing the amount of urine produced. This is an example of

{ "text": [ "a feedback loop.", "an acquired trait.", "a balanced ecosystem.", "a symbiotic relationship." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: a feedback loop.", "B: an acquired trait.", "C: a balanced ecosystem.", "D: a symbiotic relationship." ]

Mercury_7026880

Which of these is a safe practice in a laboratory investigation when working with chemicals?

{ "text": [ "pouring unused chemicals down the sink", "mixing leftover chemicals in one container", "wearing safety goggles when working with chemicals", "returning unused chemicals to the original container" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: pouring unused chemicals down the sink", "B: mixing leftover chemicals in one container", "C: wearing safety goggles when working with chemicals", "D: returning unused chemicals to the original container" ]

Mercury_7015593

Which change in the environment would have a negative effect on the survival of a species in an ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "increase in the population of prey", "introduction of a competing species", "decrease in the population of predators", "increase in genetic diversity of the species" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: increase in the population of prey", "B: introduction of a competing species", "C: decrease in the population of predators", "D: increase in genetic diversity of the species" ]

Mercury_7084333

An element is identified by

{ "text": [ "its number of protons.", "the atomic mass.", "the type of charge.", "its number of isotopes." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: its number of protons.", "B: the atomic mass.", "C: the type of charge.", "D: its number of isotopes." ]

VASoL_2008_3_2

Which of these dissolve in water?

{ "text": [ "Sand grains", "Sugar cubes", "Plastic straws", "Wooden spoons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Sand grains", "B: Sugar cubes", "C: Plastic straws", "D: Wooden spoons" ]

OHAT_2010_5_43

What is the main function of a plant stem?

{ "text": [ "to collect pollen from other plants to make seeds", "to absorb water and plant nutrients from the soil", "to carry food and water to the rest of the plant", "to make food for the plant" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: to collect pollen from other plants to make seeds", "B: to absorb water and plant nutrients from the soil", "C: to carry food and water to the rest of the plant", "D: to make food for the plant" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_12

Naturally occurring variations within a species are mainly the result of mutations and

{ "text": [ "sexual reproduction", "dynamic equilibrium", "metabolism", "camouflage" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

[ "1: sexual reproduction", "2: dynamic equilibrium", "3: metabolism", "4: camouflage" ]

CSZ30112

As a sample of water turns to ice,

{ "text": [ "new molecules are formed.", "the mass of the sample is increased.", "the arrangement of the molecules changes.", "energy is absorbed by the molecules." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: new molecules are formed.", "B: the mass of the sample is increased.", "C: the arrangement of the molecules changes.", "D: energy is absorbed by the molecules." ]

Mercury_SC_413077

An ice cube is placed in a pan. The pan is placed over an open flame. Which change will most likely happen over time?

{ "text": [ "The ice changes to a liquid and back to a solid.", "The ice changes to a liquid then to a gas.", "The ice changes to a gas and back to a solid.", "The ice changes to a gas then to a liquid." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The ice changes to a liquid and back to a solid.", "B: The ice changes to a liquid then to a gas.", "C: The ice changes to a gas and back to a solid.", "D: The ice changes to a gas then to a liquid." ]

Mercury_SC_407369

Byron is investigating how temperature affects mold growth on bread. Before starting his procedure, Byron states in his journal that he thinks wet bread placed in the refrigerator will grow the most mold. Which term best describes Byron's statement?

{ "text": [ "conclusion", "result", "hypothesis", "variable" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: conclusion", "B: result", "C: hypothesis", "D: variable" ]

MCAS_1998_4_16

The telephone was invented in Boston by

{ "text": [ "Alexander Graham Bell.", "Samuel F. B. Morse.", "Henry Ford.", "Thomas Alva Edison." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Alexander Graham Bell.", "B: Samuel F. B. Morse.", "C: Henry Ford.", "D: Thomas Alva Edison." ]

Mercury_416462

Which characteristic can an amoeba change that a paramecium cannot change?

{ "text": [ "sex", "shape", "color", "position" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: sex", "B: shape", "C: color", "D: position" ]