jeggers/ai2_arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 586	choices sequence	answerKey stringclasses 9 values	choices_sequence sequencelengths 3 5
Mercury_7010010	The distance between the Sun and the next closest star, Proxima Centauri, is most accurately measured in	{ "text": [ "magnitudes.", "light years.", "perigees.", "red shifts." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: magnitudes.", "B: light years.", "C: perigees.", "D: red shifts." ]
Mercury_7007578	Which of these uses sound waves to locate underwater objects?	{ "text": [ "radar", "sonar", "telescope", "microscope" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: radar", "B: sonar", "C: telescope", "D: microscope" ]
Mercury_7138618	Paleontologists are scientists who study evidence of past life on Earth. Which method do paleontologists most likely use to determine the forms of life that existed millions of years ago?	{ "text": [ "examine current species of plants and animals", "research past species in the library", "interview older scientists", "examine fossils records" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: examine current species of plants and animals", "B: research past species in the library", "C: interview older scientists", "D: examine fossils records" ]
ACTAAP_2014_5_16	The temperature in a hot star is high enough to pull electrons away from atoms. What state of matter results from this process?	{ "text": [ "gas", "solid", "liquid", "plasma" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: gas", "B: solid", "C: liquid", "D: plasma" ]
Mercury_7210928	Which resource, abundant in Nevada, is nonrenewable?	{ "text": [ "copper", "wind", "sunlight", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: copper", "B: wind", "C: sunlight", "D: wood" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_20	A student reaches one hand into a bag filled with smooth objects. The student feels the objects but does not look into the bag. Which property of the objects can the student most likely identify?	{ "text": [ "shape", "color", "ability to reflect light", "ability to conduct electricity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: shape", "B: color", "C: ability to reflect light", "D: ability to conduct electricity" ]
Mercury_7005460	An abiotic factor that most influences the organisms living in a salt marsh is	{ "text": [ "fish.", "water.", "predators.", "grasses." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: fish.", "B: water.", "C: predators.", "D: grasses." ]
TIMSS_1995_8_M13	When oil is burning, the reaction will	{ "text": [ "only release energy", "only absorb energy", "neither absorb nor release energy", "sometimes release and sometimes absorb energy depending on the oil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: only release energy", "B: only absorb energy", "C: neither absorb nor release energy", "D: sometimes release and sometimes absorb energy depending on the oil" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_27	Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. Which surface would be the best for this race?	{ "text": [ "gravel", "sand", "blacktop", "grass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: gravel", "B: sand", "C: blacktop", "D: grass" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10477	Protein is used by the human body to	{ "text": [ "build strong bones.", "absorb vitamins.", "repair cells.", "provide fiber." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: build strong bones.", "B: absorb vitamins.", "C: repair cells.", "D: provide fiber." ]
AKDE&ED_2008_4_5	Changes in the weather are important to people living in Alaska. Which two tools best help scientists to share information about weather?	{ "text": [ "radio and computer", "clock and notebook", "television and hand lens", "microscope and telephone" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: radio and computer", "B: clock and notebook", "C: television and hand lens", "D: microscope and telephone" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_24	Which outcome is most likely if a person consumes more Calories than needed for daily activities?	{ "text": [ "weight loss", "weight gain", "deficiency disease", "infectious disease" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: weight loss", "2: weight gain", "3: deficiency disease", "4: infectious disease" ]
Mercury_SC_402250	In a mixture, a magnet is used to separate some particles from sand. The dark particles are most likely made of which element?	{ "text": [ "sodium", "iron", "sulfur", "copper" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: sodium", "B: iron", "C: sulfur", "D: copper" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_24	A student tosses a ball into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall back to the ground?	{ "text": [ "gravity", "magnetism", "mechanical", "friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: gravity", "B: magnetism", "C: mechanical", "D: friction" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_11	The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object's	{ "text": [ "mass", "volume", "pressure", "temperature" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	[ "1: mass", "2: volume", "3: pressure", "4: temperature" ]
Mercury_7111720	Scientists who have studied global climate changes have found that the average temperature of Earth has risen. There has also been an increase in the accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases. What is the goal of the scientific community in collecting this type of data?	{ "text": [ "to understand how greenhouse gases are related to global warming", "to decrease the temperature using fossil fuels", "to change public attitude on using natural resources", "to increase the amount of ice in the Arctic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: to understand how greenhouse gases are related to global warming", "B: to decrease the temperature using fossil fuels", "C: to change public attitude on using natural resources", "D: to increase the amount of ice in the Arctic" ]
Mercury_7214935	Paper chromatography is a process used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. The components are carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase made of absorbent paper. An investigation analyzed a sample of black ink to determine its components.Which property allows the components to separate?	{ "text": [ "the solubility of the components in the mobile phase", "the evaporation rate of the components at a certain temperature", "the magnetic property of the components", "the thickness of the paper used as the stationary phase" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the solubility of the components in the mobile phase", "B: the evaporation rate of the components at a certain temperature", "C: the magnetic property of the components", "D: the thickness of the paper used as the stationary phase" ]
Mercury_SC_401206	In one area, a large source of prey for eagles is rabbits. If the number of rabbits suddenly decreases, what effect will it most likely have on the eagles?	{ "text": [ "Their numbers will increase.", "Their numbers will decrease.", "They will adapt new behaviors.", "They will migrate to new locations." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Their numbers will increase.", "B: Their numbers will decrease.", "C: They will adapt new behaviors.", "D: They will migrate to new locations." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_32	Moving water in a river is considered a renewable resource because it	{ "text": [ "carries dissolved oxygen", "easily erodes sediments", "is made of natural gas", "can be recycled by nature over time" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	4	[ "1: carries dissolved oxygen", "2: easily erodes sediments", "3: is made of natural gas", "4: can be recycled by nature over time" ]
Mercury_7177695	When studying planetary data, Jackie found some similarities and differences among the planets that make up the solar system. Which generalization is true about the orbits of the major planets in the solar system?	{ "text": [ "Planetary orbits have the same plane.", "Planetary orbits are mostly elliptical in shape.", "Planets orbit at the same speed around the Sun.", "Planets orbit in different directions around the Sun." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Planetary orbits have the same plane.", "B: Planetary orbits are mostly elliptical in shape.", "C: Planets orbit at the same speed around the Sun.", "D: Planets orbit in different directions around the Sun." ]
Mercury_7182263	When nitrogen-rich runoff from farms enters a nearby farm, it causes abundant growth of algal mat on the pond surface. As a result, underwater plants in the pond begin to die. Identify the limiting factor that is most responsible for causing the underwater plants to die.	{ "text": [ "oxygen", "sunlight", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: oxygen", "B: sunlight", "C: nitrogen", "D: carbon dioxide" ]
Mercury_7008365	What is the main source of energy for the water cycle?	{ "text": [ "the Sun", "fossil fuels", "clouds", "the ocean" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the Sun", "B: fossil fuels", "C: clouds", "D: the ocean" ]
TIMSS_2007_8_pg127	Which of the following properties of a substance is conserved during thermal expansion?	{ "text": [ "mass", "volume", "shape", "distance between particles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: mass", "B: volume", "C: shape", "D: distance between particles" ]
Mercury_7228778	Trees use narrow tubes to transport water upward. Which property of water allows the water to rise in these narrow tubes?	{ "text": [ "high vapor pressure", "high boiling point", "cohesion of molecules", "net charge of molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: high vapor pressure", "B: high boiling point", "C: cohesion of molecules", "D: net charge of molecules" ]
TIMSS_2003_4_pg24	Which pair together could cause a rainbow?	{ "text": [ "Fog and clouds", "Rain and snow", "Clouds and ice", "Sunshine and rain" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Fog and clouds", "B: Rain and snow", "C: Clouds and ice", "D: Sunshine and rain" ]
Mercury_7008925	The property of matter that resists changes in motion is called	{ "text": [ "inertia.", "friction.", "gravity.", "weight." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: inertia.", "B: friction.", "C: gravity.", "D: weight." ]
Mercury_417120	Monarch butterflies use milkweed plants during all of their life stages. Milkweed plants grow in open areas, such as grasslands and wetlands. They also often grow between row crops. Given this information, which of these biotechnologies would pose the greatest threat to monarch butterflies?	{ "text": [ "development of new antibiotics", "development of new herbicides", "development of disease-resistant crops", "development of insect-resistant crops" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: development of new antibiotics", "B: development of new herbicides", "C: development of disease-resistant crops", "D: development of insect-resistant crops" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_25	In the past, Native American Indians buried dead fish along with corn seeds. This technique was used because the decomposing dead fish would	{ "text": [ "provide nutrients for the growing corn plant", "eliminate the need for weeding around the corn plant", "release oxygen for use by the corn plant", "supply all the water needed by the corn plant" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	[ "1: provide nutrients for the growing corn plant", "2: eliminate the need for weeding around the corn plant", "3: release oxygen for use by the corn plant", "4: supply all the water needed by the corn plant" ]
Mercury_7057943	Earth is composed of layers of material with different properties. Which of the following is most likely to be in constant motion?	{ "text": [ "core", "mantle", "oceanic crust", "continental crust" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: core", "B: mantle", "C: oceanic crust", "D: continental crust" ]
Mercury_7234553	Which mechanism helps carbon to cycle from the atmosphere to living organisms?	{ "text": [ "tissue decomposition", "cellular respiration", "photosynthesis", "transpiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: tissue decomposition", "B: cellular respiration", "C: photosynthesis", "D: transpiration" ]
Mercury_7283815	A city has an outbreak of a disease that affects an unusually large portion of its population at the same time. Which term best describes the outbreak?	{ "text": [ "pandemic", "plague", "epidemic", "infection" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: pandemic", "B: plague", "C: epidemic", "D: infection" ]
Mercury_7210718	In which structure is the Sun located?	{ "text": [ "Milky Way Galaxy", "Andromeda Galaxy", "Cat's Eye Nebula", "Horseshoe Nebula" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Milky Way Galaxy", "B: Andromeda Galaxy", "C: Cat's Eye Nebula", "D: Horseshoe Nebula" ]
Mercury_405870	Removing waste from the body is the primary function of which body system?	{ "text": [ "excretory", "nervous", "circulatory", "skeletal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: excretory", "B: nervous", "C: circulatory", "D: skeletal" ]
Mercury_7014315	Which discovery revealed that the universe contains many structures composed of millions of stars?	{ "text": [ "novas", "galaxies", "black holes", "solar systems" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: novas", "B: galaxies", "C: black holes", "D: solar systems" ]
Mercury_SC_400341	If a tall tree falls over in a crowded forest, which resource becomes available to the surrounding plants?	{ "text": [ "air", "soil", "water", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: air", "B: soil", "C: water", "D: sunlight" ]
Mercury_404099	What best describes the mantle of Earth?	{ "text": [ "a thin layer that is located on the surface", "a solid layer made of iron and nickel", "the largest layer between the crust and outer core", "the smallest layer that is made up of molten rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: a thin layer that is located on the surface", "B: a solid layer made of iron and nickel", "C: the largest layer between the crust and outer core", "D: the smallest layer that is made up of molten rock" ]
Mercury_7168368	When Javier exercises, his muscle cells need more oxygen. Which would help Javier's muscle cells receive more oxygen?	{ "text": [ "decreasing his respiration rate", "increasing his perspiration rate", "increasing the rate his heart beats", "decreasing the rate his blood flow" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: decreasing his respiration rate", "B: increasing his perspiration rate", "C: increasing the rate his heart beats", "D: decreasing the rate his blood flow" ]
Mercury_7176138	Which process has most likely occurred when new traits appear in a species?	{ "text": [ "selective breeding", "genetic mutation", "crossbreeding", "cloning" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: selective breeding", "B: genetic mutation", "C: crossbreeding", "D: cloning" ]
Mercury_7216143	A patient visits the doctor for a checkup and is diagnosed with skin cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease?	{ "text": [ "poor eating and sleeping habits", "exposure to ultraviolet rays", "a defect in the person's immune system", "working with plants and animals" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: poor eating and sleeping habits", "B: exposure to ultraviolet rays", "C: a defect in the person's immune system", "D: working with plants and animals" ]
MCAS_2007_5_4799	Which of the following forms of energy can travel by vibrating particles of air?	{ "text": [ "electrical", "light", "magnetic", "sound" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: electrical", "B: light", "C: magnetic", "D: sound" ]
Mercury_SC_405148	A chef uses a metal spoon to stir noodles cooking in a pan. After five minutes, she notices that the thermal energy from the pan has made the spoon	{ "text": [ "cold.", "hot.", "wet.", "dry." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: cold.", "B: hot.", "C: wet.", "D: dry." ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_55	Which will most likely cause a decrease in predator populations?	{ "text": [ "an increase in prey populations", "a decrease in prey populations", "a decrease in decomposers", "an increase in producers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: an increase in prey populations", "B: a decrease in prey populations", "C: a decrease in decomposers", "D: an increase in producers" ]
ACTAAP_2014_5_10	A robin catches and eats a cricket. Which statement best describes the roles of each animal?	{ "text": [ "The robin is the prey and the cricket is the predator.", "The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.", "The robin is the consumer and the cricket is the producer.", "The robin is the producer and the cricket is the consumer." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The robin is the prey and the cricket is the predator.", "B: The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.", "C: The robin is the consumer and the cricket is the producer.", "D: The robin is the producer and the cricket is the consumer." ]
Mercury_7175840	Hookworms live inside the intestines of dogs. As the dog eats, the hookworms consume partially digested food. As a result of this nutrient diversion, the dog can become malnourished and weakened. Which best describes the relationship between the hookworms and the dog?	{ "text": [ "a parasitic relationship", "a mutualistic relationship", "a predator-prey relationship", "a producer-consumer relationship" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: a parasitic relationship", "B: a mutualistic relationship", "C: a predator-prey relationship", "D: a producer-consumer relationship" ]
Mercury_SC_400528	The prairie grass ecosystem once had a deep layer of topsoil which was protected by the grasses that covered it. Removal of these grasses for farmland is causing the soil to be eroded mainly by	{ "text": [ "wind and rain.", "animal movement.", "crops grown in the soil.", "increased temperatures." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: wind and rain.", "B: animal movement.", "C: crops grown in the soil.", "D: increased temperatures." ]
Mercury_7040915	When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, what season is occurring in Australia?	{ "text": [ "fall", "winter", "spring", "summer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: fall", "B: winter", "C: spring", "D: summer" ]
Mercury_7083720	Light waves are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by	{ "text": [ "wavelength and brightness.", "speed and color.", "brightness and color.", "wavelength and frequency." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: wavelength and brightness.", "B: speed and color.", "C: brightness and color.", "D: wavelength and frequency." ]
Mercury_7083475	In order to distinguish fact from opinion, conclusions in experiments should be	{ "text": [ "recorded on a computer.", "presented in bar graphs.", "based on verifiable data.", "organized in a table." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: recorded on a computer.", "B: presented in bar graphs.", "C: based on verifiable data.", "D: organized in a table." ]
VASoL_2011_5_26	Pumice is formed when lava from a volcano cools. Which rock type is pumice?	{ "text": [ "Gaseous rock", "Igneous rock", "Sedimentary rock", "Metamorphic rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Gaseous rock", "B: Igneous rock", "C: Sedimentary rock", "D: Metamorphic rock" ]
Mercury_7137288	The principle of uniformitarianism states that most of the landscape of Earth was formed slowly and over a long period of time. Which occurrence of Earth is least supported by this principle?	{ "text": [ "soil development", "volcanic eruption", "plate movement", "fossil formation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: soil development", "B: volcanic eruption", "C: plate movement", "D: fossil formation" ]
Mercury_7215495	Selective breeding has resulted in plants that are resistant to pests and produce a higher yield of fruits and vegetables. Which of these is the most likely disadvantage that can result from this process?	{ "text": [ "decreased genetic diversity", "habitat destruction", "overpopulation", "increased erosion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: decreased genetic diversity", "B: habitat destruction", "C: overpopulation", "D: increased erosion" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_12	A student measured the volume of water in a pan. The student boiled the water for thirty minutes and then measured the volume of the water again. The volume of water most likely	{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased", "remained the same" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C" ] }	A	[ "A: decreased", "B: increased", "C: remained the same" ]
MEA_2013_8_11	Lori owns a house next to the lake. She uses lots of fertilizer to keep her lawn green. Which impact could fertilizing her lawn have on the lake?	{ "text": [ "an increase in the algae population", "an increase in the fish population", "an increase in the mosquito population", "an increase in the lake's depth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: an increase in the algae population", "B: an increase in the fish population", "C: an increase in the mosquito population", "D: an increase in the lake's depth" ]
MCAS_2001_5_4	To compare the hardness of different minerals, it would be BEST to find	{ "text": [ "the color of the minerals.", "which minerals scratch other minerals.", "which minerals reflect light most strongly.", "the samples that feel smoothest to the touch." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: the color of the minerals.", "B: which minerals scratch other minerals.", "C: which minerals reflect light most strongly.", "D: the samples that feel smoothest to the touch." ]
Mercury_7090615	A house is built in a desert, where there is no electricity and very little wind. Which action could lead to operating the electrical appliances in the house that would cause the least amount of environmental pollution?	{ "text": [ "constructing a small hydroelectric plant", "placing solar panels on the roof of the house", "using gasoline generators", "burning coal or wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: constructing a small hydroelectric plant", "B: placing solar panels on the roof of the house", "C: using gasoline generators", "D: burning coal or wood" ]
MDSA_2007_5_40	Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Which nonrenewable natural resource heats homes?	{ "text": [ "sunlight", "aluminum", "natural gas", "ocean waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: sunlight", "B: aluminum", "C: natural gas", "D: ocean waves" ]
Mercury_7098963	Gregor Mendel was the first to show that organisms had traits that are passed on from parents to the next generation. In order for the scientific community to accept Mendel's discovery, others had to	{ "text": [ "invent the microscope.", "read through his journals.", "duplicate the results of his experiments.", "invest money in his scientific investigations." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: invent the microscope.", "B: read through his journals.", "C: duplicate the results of his experiments.", "D: invest money in his scientific investigations." ]
MCAS_2005_5_9	Alicia has lots of old bicycle parts. She wants to build something new with the parts. What is the first thing Alicia should do?	{ "text": [ "plan the new item", "construct the new item", "try out the new item", "evaluate the new item" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: plan the new item", "B: construct the new item", "C: try out the new item", "D: evaluate the new item" ]
Mercury_7081795	Which is a major organ of the nervous system?	{ "text": [ "brain", "stomach", "lung", "bone" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: brain", "B: stomach", "C: lung", "D: bone" ]
Mercury_7211995	Some students were investigating the relationship between position, time, and speed. The students marked the initial position of a toy car. The students set the car into motion and marked the position of the car each second. Which of these are most appropriate for recording and analyzing the students' data?	{ "text": [ "a table and a bar graph", "a table and a line graph", "a pie chart and a bar graph", "a pie chart and a line graph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a table and a bar graph", "B: a table and a line graph", "C: a pie chart and a bar graph", "D: a pie chart and a line graph" ]
MCAS_1998_8_16	If the number of trees significantly decreases, the atmosphere's level of which gas might significantly increase?	{ "text": [ "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "carbon monoxide", "hydrogen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: nitrogen", "B: carbon dioxide", "C: carbon monoxide", "D: hydrogen" ]
MCAS_2008_8_5607	Which of the following is the best estimate of the number of stars in a typical galaxy?	{ "text": [ "tens", "hundreds", "thousands", "billions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: tens", "B: hundreds", "C: thousands", "D: billions" ]
VASoL_2010_3_38	A company plants trees on a bare hillside. Which of these is the BEST reason for planting the trees?	{ "text": [ "The trees provide oxygen for the soil.", "The trees prevent soil from washing away.", "The trees make shade for animals living there.", "The trees cause animals to move to other places." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The trees provide oxygen for the soil.", "B: The trees prevent soil from washing away.", "C: The trees make shade for animals living there.", "D: The trees cause animals to move to other places." ]
MCAS_2006_8_29	Index fossils help scientists estimate the age of a rock because index fossil species only existed for a relatively short time. What happened to the species that are now used as index fossils?	{ "text": [ "They became extinct.", "They changed their diets.", "They hid in marine sediments.", "They migrated to new environments." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: They became extinct.", "B: They changed their diets.", "C: They hid in marine sediments.", "D: They migrated to new environments." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_3	Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of	{ "text": [ "adaptations for flight", "responses to stimuli", "unnecessary body parts", "reproductive structures" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	[ "1: adaptations for flight", "2: responses to stimuli", "3: unnecessary body parts", "4: reproductive structures" ]
MEA_2013_5_2	A student climbs up a rocky mountain trail in Maine. She sees many small pieces of rock on the path. Which action most likely made the small pieces of rock?	{ "text": [ "sand blowing into cracks", "leaves pressing down tightly", "ice breaking large rocks apart", "shells and bones sticking together" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: sand blowing into cracks", "B: leaves pressing down tightly", "C: ice breaking large rocks apart", "D: shells and bones sticking together" ]
Mercury_176575	Which of the following heat exchange processes involves the collision of particles?	{ "text": [ "insulation", "conduction", "convection", "radiation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: insulation", "B: conduction", "C: convection", "D: radiation" ]
Mercury_SC_400591	The most effective way to show a change happening over time is to display your results using a	{ "text": [ "line graph.", "Venn diagram.", "pie chart.", "flow chart." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: line graph.", "B: Venn diagram.", "C: pie chart.", "D: flow chart." ]
Mercury_7038220	The diet of a brown bear includes roots, grasses, berries, nuts, fish, insects, and mammals. Based on this description, in what category is a brown bear?	{ "text": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore", "decomposer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: carnivore", "B: herbivore", "C: omnivore", "D: decomposer" ]
Mercury_7038238	A bracket fungus grows on a dead tree and breaks it down into chemical nutrients. What term best classifies the role of a bracket fungus in this ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "producer", "consumer", "parasite", "decomposer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: producer", "B: consumer", "C: parasite", "D: decomposer" ]
Mercury_7112175	The comet Shoemaker-Levy struck the planet Jupiter in July of 1994. The process of a comet striking a planet is an example of a net decrease in kinetic energy. Kinetic energy was ultimately converted into	{ "text": [ "light.", "radiation.", "thermal energy.", "electromagnetic energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: light.", "B: radiation.", "C: thermal energy.", "D: electromagnetic energy." ]
Mercury_7081445	An earthquake in the Earth's crust under the ocean releases sound waves. Which statement accurately describes how the sound waves spread?	{ "text": [ "They spread in all directions away from their source.", "They remain trapped near the source by water pressure.", "They travel mostly horizontally along the ocean floor.", "They travel mostly upward toward the surface of the water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: They spread in all directions away from their source.", "B: They remain trapped near the source by water pressure.", "C: They travel mostly horizontally along the ocean floor.", "D: They travel mostly upward toward the surface of the water." ]
Mercury_7230370	Which provides the oldest evidence for oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere?	{ "text": [ "the earliest fossils of animals", "the earliest sediments of oxidized rock", "impact craters of oxidized-iron asteroids", "extensive volcanic calderas of similar age" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: the earliest fossils of animals", "B: the earliest sediments of oxidized rock", "C: impact craters of oxidized-iron asteroids", "D: extensive volcanic calderas of similar age" ]
LEAP__7_10337	Louis Pasteur discovered that the bacteria in a substance can be killed by heating the substance for a short period of time. Which of these practices benefited most from Pasteur's discovery?	{ "text": [ "storing foods for longer periods of time", "building ovens and other heating devices", "creating medicines that cure infections", "transporting living organisms without injuring them" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: storing foods for longer periods of time", "B: building ovens and other heating devices", "C: creating medicines that cure infections", "D: transporting living organisms without injuring them" ]
Mercury_406729	How do traits of animals such as ear shape, nose shape, and hair color most often get passed to offspring?	{ "text": [ "sexual reproduction", "asexual reproduction", "adaptation", "instinct" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: sexual reproduction", "B: asexual reproduction", "C: adaptation", "D: instinct" ]
Mercury_7029838	Why is the ozone content of the stratosphere important to living organisms?	{ "text": [ "Ozone absorbs infrared radiation from the Sun.", "Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.", "Ozone is necessary to create oxygen for living things.", "Ozone in the atmosphere prevents radiation of heat from Earth." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Ozone absorbs infrared radiation from the Sun.", "B: Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.", "C: Ozone is necessary to create oxygen for living things.", "D: Ozone in the atmosphere prevents radiation of heat from Earth." ]
Mercury_SC_400395	If an environment becomes warmer and drier, the change that would most likely help a species adapt would be an increase in its	{ "text": [ "amount of body fat.", "amount of body hair.", "ability to climb trees.", "ability to store water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: amount of body fat.", "B: amount of body hair.", "C: ability to climb trees.", "D: ability to store water." ]
Mercury_7042578	Thousands of years ago, several species of large mammals existed in North America. These species became extinct not long after the first human settlement of North America. Which human activity most likely contributed to the extinction of these mammals?	{ "text": [ "hunting", "waterway pollution", "habitat destruction", "competition for resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: hunting", "B: waterway pollution", "C: habitat destruction", "D: competition for resources" ]
Mercury_176995	Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?	{ "text": [ "hooves of a horse", "migration of birds", "a spider web", "a bee hive" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: hooves of a horse", "B: migration of birds", "C: a spider web", "D: a bee hive" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_29	Which two processes could result in the formation of high mountains with well-rounded peaks?	{ "text": [ "volcanic eruptions and global warming", "earthquakes and tidal activity", "collision of crustal plates and erosion", "production of greenhouse gases and weathering" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3	[ "1: volcanic eruptions and global warming", "2: earthquakes and tidal activity", "3: collision of crustal plates and erosion", "4: production of greenhouse gases and weathering" ]
MDSA_2011_8_7	The brown tree snake is a nonnative species found on the South Pacific island of Guam. The brown tree snake population in Guam is so large that it negatively affects the humans there. Which statement best explains why the brown tree snake has flourished in Guam?	{ "text": [ "There are many animals for food.", "There are no natural snake predators.", "The climate is ideal for snake reproduction.", "The vegetation provides good habitat for hunting." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: There are many animals for food.", "B: There are no natural snake predators.", "C: The climate is ideal for snake reproduction.", "D: The vegetation provides good habitat for hunting." ]
Mercury_SC_415027	How are droughts always different from floods?	{ "text": [ "They have different locations.", "They happen in different ecosystems.", "They have different amounts of water.", "They happen at different times of the year." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: They have different locations.", "B: They happen in different ecosystems.", "C: They have different amounts of water.", "D: They happen at different times of the year." ]
CSZ_2007_5_CSZ10243	Which of the following is a harmful waste material that leaves the blood and travels through the lungs before leaving the body?	{ "text": [ "CO2.", "O2.", "H2O.", "NaCl." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: CO2.", "B: O2.", "C: H2O.", "D: NaCl." ]
VASoL_2009_3_9	How are a tree and grass alike?	{ "text": [ "Both make wood.", "Both have roots.", "Both need moonlight.", "Both have short lives." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Both make wood.", "B: Both have roots.", "C: Both need moonlight.", "D: Both have short lives." ]
Mercury_7064120	What organ system in the human body contains the pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, and thyroid gland?	{ "text": [ "reproductive system", "excretory system", "endocrine system", "circulatory system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: reproductive system", "B: excretory system", "C: endocrine system", "D: circulatory system" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_9	Which term describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?	{ "text": [ "reproduction", "extinction", "locomotion", "regulation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	4	[ "1: reproduction", "2: extinction", "3: locomotion", "4: regulation" ]
TIMSS_2011_8_pg14	Which of the following can provide the human body with long-term immunity against some diseases?	{ "text": [ "antibiotics", "vitamins", "vaccines", "red blood cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: antibiotics", "B: vitamins", "C: vaccines", "D: red blood cells" ]
Mercury_7219363	Which event is most likely to increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?	{ "text": [ "improved hunting techniques", "greater environmental stress", "increased immigration", "introduced predators" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: improved hunting techniques", "B: greater environmental stress", "C: increased immigration", "D: introduced predators" ]
Mercury_SC_415472	Where would animals and plants be most affected by a flood?	{ "text": [ "low areas", "high areas", "warm areas", "cold areas" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: low areas", "B: high areas", "C: warm areas", "D: cold areas" ]
Mercury_7234238	Which seismic wave phenomenon, found at structural boundaries, allows scientists to interpret the interior structure of Earth?	{ "text": [ "refraction of waves", "generation of new waves", "transformation of transverse waves into longitudinal waves", "transformation of mechanical waves into electromagnetic waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: refraction of waves", "B: generation of new waves", "C: transformation of transverse waves into longitudinal waves", "D: transformation of mechanical waves into electromagnetic waves" ]
Mercury_SC_401261	When ice melts, it becomes a	{ "text": [ "gas.", "solid.", "liquid.", "plasma." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: gas.", "B: solid.", "C: liquid.", "D: plasma." ]
Mercury_415544	Which combination of letters could be used as a chemical symbol for an element?	{ "text": [ "BR", "Chl", "Dy", "FeO" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: BR", "B: Chl", "C: Dy", "D: FeO" ]
Mercury_7213098	How is the stratosphere different from the troposphere?	{ "text": [ "The clouds in the stratosphere produce more rain.", "The air in the stratosphere has a greater density.", "The composition of the stratosphere lacks ozone.", "The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: The clouds in the stratosphere produce more rain.", "B: The air in the stratosphere has a greater density.", "C: The composition of the stratosphere lacks ozone.", "D: The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude." ]
Mercury_7030048	If a student gets a chemical splashed into an eye, what is the most appropriate first action to be taken?	{ "text": [ "wipe it with a paper towel", "call 911 for emergency services", "have someone go get the school nurse", "flush the eye with water at an eyewash station" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: wipe it with a paper towel", "B: call 911 for emergency services", "C: have someone go get the school nurse", "D: flush the eye with water at an eyewash station" ]
MCAS_2007_8_5190	Which of the following best describes an advantage of using a mass production manufacturing system instead of a custom manufacturing system?	{ "text": [ "Customers can provide specific feedback to workers.", "Workers become skilled in all aspects of assembly.", "Goods can be easily modified for customers.", "Products can be made at a lower cost." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Customers can provide specific feedback to workers.", "B: Workers become skilled in all aspects of assembly.", "C: Goods can be easily modified for customers.", "D: Products can be made at a lower cost." ]
Mercury_SC_400053	Which adaptation allows a walrus to stay warm in cold water?	{ "text": [ "reddish coat", "bristly mustache", "wrinkled skin", "thick layer of blubber" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: reddish coat", "B: bristly mustache", "C: wrinkled skin", "D: thick layer of blubber" ]
Mercury_7024150	Ninety-nine percent of the mass of an atom is located in	{ "text": [ "the outermost energy level.", "the first energy level.", "the electron clouds.", "the nucleus." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: the outermost energy level.", "B: the first energy level.", "C: the electron clouds.", "D: the nucleus." ]
Mercury_7085593	Which of the following is a common renewable resource found in deserts?	{ "text": [ "biodiesel", "uranium", "natural gas", "solar energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: biodiesel", "B: uranium", "C: natural gas", "D: solar energy" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_17	Beaver dams can cause floods. This statement shows how	{ "text": [ "animal growth is affected by environmental conditions", "animal behavior may affect the environment", "an animal's health depends on its environment", "an animal's development depends on its environment" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: animal growth is affected by environmental conditions", "2: animal behavior may affect the environment", "3: an animal's health depends on its environment", "4: an animal's development depends on its environment" ]
Mercury_7004970	A scientist crosses a red-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant, and all offspring have red flowers. What will most likely result if these red-flowered offspring are crossed with white-flowered plants?	{ "text": [ "All of the offspring will have red flowers.", "All of the offspring will have white flowers.", "The offspring will have either red or white flowers.", "The offspring will have neither red nor white flowers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: All of the offspring will have red flowers.", "B: All of the offspring will have white flowers.", "C: The offspring will have either red or white flowers.", "D: The offspring will have neither red nor white flowers." ]

Mercury_7010010

The distance between the Sun and the next closest star, Proxima Centauri, is most accurately measured in

{ "text": [ "magnitudes.", "light years.", "perigees.", "red shifts." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: magnitudes.", "B: light years.", "C: perigees.", "D: red shifts." ]

Mercury_7007578

Which of these uses sound waves to locate underwater objects?

{ "text": [ "radar", "sonar", "telescope", "microscope" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: radar", "B: sonar", "C: telescope", "D: microscope" ]

Mercury_7138618

Paleontologists are scientists who study evidence of past life on Earth. Which method do paleontologists most likely use to determine the forms of life that existed millions of years ago?

{ "text": [ "examine current species of plants and animals", "research past species in the library", "interview older scientists", "examine fossils records" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: examine current species of plants and animals", "B: research past species in the library", "C: interview older scientists", "D: examine fossils records" ]

ACTAAP_2014_5_16

The temperature in a hot star is high enough to pull electrons away from atoms. What state of matter results from this process?

{ "text": [ "gas", "solid", "liquid", "plasma" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: gas", "B: solid", "C: liquid", "D: plasma" ]

Mercury_7210928

Which resource, abundant in Nevada, is nonrenewable?

{ "text": [ "copper", "wind", "sunlight", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: copper", "B: wind", "C: sunlight", "D: wood" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_20

A student reaches one hand into a bag filled with smooth objects. The student feels the objects but does not look into the bag. Which property of the objects can the student most likely identify?

{ "text": [ "shape", "color", "ability to reflect light", "ability to conduct electricity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: shape", "B: color", "C: ability to reflect light", "D: ability to conduct electricity" ]

Mercury_7005460

An abiotic factor that most influences the organisms living in a salt marsh is

{ "text": [ "fish.", "water.", "predators.", "grasses." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: fish.", "B: water.", "C: predators.", "D: grasses." ]

TIMSS_1995_8_M13

When oil is burning, the reaction will

{ "text": [ "only release energy", "only absorb energy", "neither absorb nor release energy", "sometimes release and sometimes absorb energy depending on the oil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: only release energy", "B: only absorb energy", "C: neither absorb nor release energy", "D: sometimes release and sometimes absorb energy depending on the oil" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_27

Fourth graders are planning a roller-skate race. Which surface would be the best for this race?

{ "text": [ "gravel", "sand", "blacktop", "grass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: gravel", "B: sand", "C: blacktop", "D: grass" ]

Mercury_SC_LBS10477

Protein is used by the human body to

{ "text": [ "build strong bones.", "absorb vitamins.", "repair cells.", "provide fiber." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: build strong bones.", "B: absorb vitamins.", "C: repair cells.", "D: provide fiber." ]

AKDE&ED_2008_4_5

Changes in the weather are important to people living in Alaska. Which two tools best help scientists to share information about weather?

{ "text": [ "radio and computer", "clock and notebook", "television and hand lens", "microscope and telephone" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: radio and computer", "B: clock and notebook", "C: television and hand lens", "D: microscope and telephone" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_24

Which outcome is most likely if a person consumes more Calories than needed for daily activities?

{ "text": [ "weight loss", "weight gain", "deficiency disease", "infectious disease" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: weight loss", "2: weight gain", "3: deficiency disease", "4: infectious disease" ]

Mercury_SC_402250

In a mixture, a magnet is used to separate some particles from sand. The dark particles are most likely made of which element?

{ "text": [ "sodium", "iron", "sulfur", "copper" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: sodium", "B: iron", "C: sulfur", "D: copper" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_24

A student tosses a ball into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall back to the ground?

{ "text": [ "gravity", "magnetism", "mechanical", "friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: gravity", "B: magnetism", "C: mechanical", "D: friction" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_11

The gravitational force between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and each object's

{ "text": [ "mass", "volume", "pressure", "temperature" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

[ "1: mass", "2: volume", "3: pressure", "4: temperature" ]

Mercury_7111720

Scientists who have studied global climate changes have found that the average temperature of Earth has risen. There has also been an increase in the accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases. What is the goal of the scientific community in collecting this type of data?

{ "text": [ "to understand how greenhouse gases are related to global warming", "to decrease the temperature using fossil fuels", "to change public attitude on using natural resources", "to increase the amount of ice in the Arctic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: to understand how greenhouse gases are related to global warming", "B: to decrease the temperature using fossil fuels", "C: to change public attitude on using natural resources", "D: to increase the amount of ice in the Arctic" ]

Mercury_7214935

Paper chromatography is a process used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. The components are carried by a mobile phase through a stationary phase made of absorbent paper. An investigation analyzed a sample of black ink to determine its components.Which property allows the components to separate?

{ "text": [ "the solubility of the components in the mobile phase", "the evaporation rate of the components at a certain temperature", "the magnetic property of the components", "the thickness of the paper used as the stationary phase" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the solubility of the components in the mobile phase", "B: the evaporation rate of the components at a certain temperature", "C: the magnetic property of the components", "D: the thickness of the paper used as the stationary phase" ]

Mercury_SC_401206

In one area, a large source of prey for eagles is rabbits. If the number of rabbits suddenly decreases, what effect will it most likely have on the eagles?

{ "text": [ "Their numbers will increase.", "Their numbers will decrease.", "They will adapt new behaviors.", "They will migrate to new locations." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Their numbers will increase.", "B: Their numbers will decrease.", "C: They will adapt new behaviors.", "D: They will migrate to new locations." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_32

Moving water in a river is considered a renewable resource because it

{ "text": [ "carries dissolved oxygen", "easily erodes sediments", "is made of natural gas", "can be recycled by nature over time" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

4

[ "1: carries dissolved oxygen", "2: easily erodes sediments", "3: is made of natural gas", "4: can be recycled by nature over time" ]

Mercury_7177695

When studying planetary data, Jackie found some similarities and differences among the planets that make up the solar system. Which generalization is true about the orbits of the major planets in the solar system?

{ "text": [ "Planetary orbits have the same plane.", "Planetary orbits are mostly elliptical in shape.", "Planets orbit at the same speed around the Sun.", "Planets orbit in different directions around the Sun." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Planetary orbits have the same plane.", "B: Planetary orbits are mostly elliptical in shape.", "C: Planets orbit at the same speed around the Sun.", "D: Planets orbit in different directions around the Sun." ]

Mercury_7182263

When nitrogen-rich runoff from farms enters a nearby farm, it causes abundant growth of algal mat on the pond surface. As a result, underwater plants in the pond begin to die. Identify the limiting factor that is most responsible for causing the underwater plants to die.

{ "text": [ "oxygen", "sunlight", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: oxygen", "B: sunlight", "C: nitrogen", "D: carbon dioxide" ]

Mercury_7008365

What is the main source of energy for the water cycle?

{ "text": [ "the Sun", "fossil fuels", "clouds", "the ocean" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the Sun", "B: fossil fuels", "C: clouds", "D: the ocean" ]

TIMSS_2007_8_pg127

Which of the following properties of a substance is conserved during thermal expansion?

{ "text": [ "mass", "volume", "shape", "distance between particles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: mass", "B: volume", "C: shape", "D: distance between particles" ]

Mercury_7228778

Trees use narrow tubes to transport water upward. Which property of water allows the water to rise in these narrow tubes?

{ "text": [ "high vapor pressure", "high boiling point", "cohesion of molecules", "net charge of molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: high vapor pressure", "B: high boiling point", "C: cohesion of molecules", "D: net charge of molecules" ]

TIMSS_2003_4_pg24

Which pair together could cause a rainbow?

{ "text": [ "Fog and clouds", "Rain and snow", "Clouds and ice", "Sunshine and rain" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Fog and clouds", "B: Rain and snow", "C: Clouds and ice", "D: Sunshine and rain" ]

Mercury_7008925

The property of matter that resists changes in motion is called

{ "text": [ "inertia.", "friction.", "gravity.", "weight." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: inertia.", "B: friction.", "C: gravity.", "D: weight." ]

Mercury_417120

Monarch butterflies use milkweed plants during all of their life stages. Milkweed plants grow in open areas, such as grasslands and wetlands. They also often grow between row crops. Given this information, which of these biotechnologies would pose the greatest threat to monarch butterflies?

{ "text": [ "development of new antibiotics", "development of new herbicides", "development of disease-resistant crops", "development of insect-resistant crops" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: development of new antibiotics", "B: development of new herbicides", "C: development of disease-resistant crops", "D: development of insect-resistant crops" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_25

In the past, Native American Indians buried dead fish along with corn seeds. This technique was used because the decomposing dead fish would

{ "text": [ "provide nutrients for the growing corn plant", "eliminate the need for weeding around the corn plant", "release oxygen for use by the corn plant", "supply all the water needed by the corn plant" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

[ "1: provide nutrients for the growing corn plant", "2: eliminate the need for weeding around the corn plant", "3: release oxygen for use by the corn plant", "4: supply all the water needed by the corn plant" ]

Mercury_7057943

Earth is composed of layers of material with different properties. Which of the following is most likely to be in constant motion?

{ "text": [ "core", "mantle", "oceanic crust", "continental crust" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: core", "B: mantle", "C: oceanic crust", "D: continental crust" ]

Mercury_7234553

Which mechanism helps carbon to cycle from the atmosphere to living organisms?

{ "text": [ "tissue decomposition", "cellular respiration", "photosynthesis", "transpiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: tissue decomposition", "B: cellular respiration", "C: photosynthesis", "D: transpiration" ]

Mercury_7283815

A city has an outbreak of a disease that affects an unusually large portion of its population at the same time. Which term best describes the outbreak?

{ "text": [ "pandemic", "plague", "epidemic", "infection" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: pandemic", "B: plague", "C: epidemic", "D: infection" ]

Mercury_7210718

In which structure is the Sun located?

{ "text": [ "Milky Way Galaxy", "Andromeda Galaxy", "Cat's Eye Nebula", "Horseshoe Nebula" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Milky Way Galaxy", "B: Andromeda Galaxy", "C: Cat's Eye Nebula", "D: Horseshoe Nebula" ]

Mercury_405870

Removing waste from the body is the primary function of which body system?

{ "text": [ "excretory", "nervous", "circulatory", "skeletal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: excretory", "B: nervous", "C: circulatory", "D: skeletal" ]

Mercury_7014315

Which discovery revealed that the universe contains many structures composed of millions of stars?

{ "text": [ "novas", "galaxies", "black holes", "solar systems" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: novas", "B: galaxies", "C: black holes", "D: solar systems" ]

Mercury_SC_400341

If a tall tree falls over in a crowded forest, which resource becomes available to the surrounding plants?

{ "text": [ "air", "soil", "water", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: air", "B: soil", "C: water", "D: sunlight" ]

Mercury_404099

What best describes the mantle of Earth?

{ "text": [ "a thin layer that is located on the surface", "a solid layer made of iron and nickel", "the largest layer between the crust and outer core", "the smallest layer that is made up of molten rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: a thin layer that is located on the surface", "B: a solid layer made of iron and nickel", "C: the largest layer between the crust and outer core", "D: the smallest layer that is made up of molten rock" ]

Mercury_7168368

When Javier exercises, his muscle cells need more oxygen. Which would help Javier's muscle cells receive more oxygen?

{ "text": [ "decreasing his respiration rate", "increasing his perspiration rate", "increasing the rate his heart beats", "decreasing the rate his blood flow" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: decreasing his respiration rate", "B: increasing his perspiration rate", "C: increasing the rate his heart beats", "D: decreasing the rate his blood flow" ]

Mercury_7176138

Which process has most likely occurred when new traits appear in a species?

{ "text": [ "selective breeding", "genetic mutation", "crossbreeding", "cloning" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: selective breeding", "B: genetic mutation", "C: crossbreeding", "D: cloning" ]

Mercury_7216143

A patient visits the doctor for a checkup and is diagnosed with skin cancer. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease?

{ "text": [ "poor eating and sleeping habits", "exposure to ultraviolet rays", "a defect in the person's immune system", "working with plants and animals" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: poor eating and sleeping habits", "B: exposure to ultraviolet rays", "C: a defect in the person's immune system", "D: working with plants and animals" ]

MCAS_2007_5_4799

Which of the following forms of energy can travel by vibrating particles of air?

{ "text": [ "electrical", "light", "magnetic", "sound" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: electrical", "B: light", "C: magnetic", "D: sound" ]

Mercury_SC_405148

A chef uses a metal spoon to stir noodles cooking in a pan. After five minutes, she notices that the thermal energy from the pan has made the spoon

{ "text": [ "cold.", "hot.", "wet.", "dry." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: cold.", "B: hot.", "C: wet.", "D: dry." ]

NCEOGA_2013_5_55

Which will most likely cause a decrease in predator populations?

{ "text": [ "an increase in prey populations", "a decrease in prey populations", "a decrease in decomposers", "an increase in producers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: an increase in prey populations", "B: a decrease in prey populations", "C: a decrease in decomposers", "D: an increase in producers" ]

ACTAAP_2014_5_10

A robin catches and eats a cricket. Which statement best describes the roles of each animal?

{ "text": [ "The robin is the prey and the cricket is the predator.", "The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.", "The robin is the consumer and the cricket is the producer.", "The robin is the producer and the cricket is the consumer." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The robin is the prey and the cricket is the predator.", "B: The robin is the predator and the cricket is the prey.", "C: The robin is the consumer and the cricket is the producer.", "D: The robin is the producer and the cricket is the consumer." ]

Mercury_7175840

Hookworms live inside the intestines of dogs. As the dog eats, the hookworms consume partially digested food. As a result of this nutrient diversion, the dog can become malnourished and weakened. Which best describes the relationship between the hookworms and the dog?

{ "text": [ "a parasitic relationship", "a mutualistic relationship", "a predator-prey relationship", "a producer-consumer relationship" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: a parasitic relationship", "B: a mutualistic relationship", "C: a predator-prey relationship", "D: a producer-consumer relationship" ]

Mercury_SC_400528

The prairie grass ecosystem once had a deep layer of topsoil which was protected by the grasses that covered it. Removal of these grasses for farmland is causing the soil to be eroded mainly by

{ "text": [ "wind and rain.", "animal movement.", "crops grown in the soil.", "increased temperatures." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: wind and rain.", "B: animal movement.", "C: crops grown in the soil.", "D: increased temperatures." ]

Mercury_7040915

When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, what season is occurring in Australia?

{ "text": [ "fall", "winter", "spring", "summer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: fall", "B: winter", "C: spring", "D: summer" ]

Mercury_7083720

Light waves are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by

{ "text": [ "wavelength and brightness.", "speed and color.", "brightness and color.", "wavelength and frequency." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: wavelength and brightness.", "B: speed and color.", "C: brightness and color.", "D: wavelength and frequency." ]

Mercury_7083475

In order to distinguish fact from opinion, conclusions in experiments should be

{ "text": [ "recorded on a computer.", "presented in bar graphs.", "based on verifiable data.", "organized in a table." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: recorded on a computer.", "B: presented in bar graphs.", "C: based on verifiable data.", "D: organized in a table." ]

VASoL_2011_5_26

Pumice is formed when lava from a volcano cools. Which rock type is pumice?

{ "text": [ "Gaseous rock", "Igneous rock", "Sedimentary rock", "Metamorphic rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Gaseous rock", "B: Igneous rock", "C: Sedimentary rock", "D: Metamorphic rock" ]

Mercury_7137288

The principle of uniformitarianism states that most of the landscape of Earth was formed slowly and over a long period of time. Which occurrence of Earth is least supported by this principle?

{ "text": [ "soil development", "volcanic eruption", "plate movement", "fossil formation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: soil development", "B: volcanic eruption", "C: plate movement", "D: fossil formation" ]

Mercury_7215495

Selective breeding has resulted in plants that are resistant to pests and produce a higher yield of fruits and vegetables. Which of these is the most likely disadvantage that can result from this process?

{ "text": [ "decreased genetic diversity", "habitat destruction", "overpopulation", "increased erosion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: decreased genetic diversity", "B: habitat destruction", "C: overpopulation", "D: increased erosion" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_12

A student measured the volume of water in a pan. The student boiled the water for thirty minutes and then measured the volume of the water again. The volume of water most likely

{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased", "remained the same" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C" ] }

A

[ "A: decreased", "B: increased", "C: remained the same" ]

MEA_2013_8_11

Lori owns a house next to the lake. She uses lots of fertilizer to keep her lawn green. Which impact could fertilizing her lawn have on the lake?

{ "text": [ "an increase in the algae population", "an increase in the fish population", "an increase in the mosquito population", "an increase in the lake's depth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: an increase in the algae population", "B: an increase in the fish population", "C: an increase in the mosquito population", "D: an increase in the lake's depth" ]

MCAS_2001_5_4

To compare the hardness of different minerals, it would be BEST to find

{ "text": [ "the color of the minerals.", "which minerals scratch other minerals.", "which minerals reflect light most strongly.", "the samples that feel smoothest to the touch." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: the color of the minerals.", "B: which minerals scratch other minerals.", "C: which minerals reflect light most strongly.", "D: the samples that feel smoothest to the touch." ]

Mercury_7090615

A house is built in a desert, where there is no electricity and very little wind. Which action could lead to operating the electrical appliances in the house that would cause the least amount of environmental pollution?

{ "text": [ "constructing a small hydroelectric plant", "placing solar panels on the roof of the house", "using gasoline generators", "burning coal or wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: constructing a small hydroelectric plant", "B: placing solar panels on the roof of the house", "C: using gasoline generators", "D: burning coal or wood" ]

MDSA_2007_5_40

Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Which nonrenewable natural resource heats homes?

{ "text": [ "sunlight", "aluminum", "natural gas", "ocean waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: sunlight", "B: aluminum", "C: natural gas", "D: ocean waves" ]

Mercury_7098963

Gregor Mendel was the first to show that organisms had traits that are passed on from parents to the next generation. In order for the scientific community to accept Mendel's discovery, others had to

{ "text": [ "invent the microscope.", "read through his journals.", "duplicate the results of his experiments.", "invest money in his scientific investigations." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: invent the microscope.", "B: read through his journals.", "C: duplicate the results of his experiments.", "D: invest money in his scientific investigations." ]

MCAS_2005_5_9

Alicia has lots of old bicycle parts. She wants to build something new with the parts. What is the first thing Alicia should do?

{ "text": [ "plan the new item", "construct the new item", "try out the new item", "evaluate the new item" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: plan the new item", "B: construct the new item", "C: try out the new item", "D: evaluate the new item" ]

Mercury_7081795

Which is a major organ of the nervous system?

{ "text": [ "brain", "stomach", "lung", "bone" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: brain", "B: stomach", "C: lung", "D: bone" ]

Mercury_7211995

Some students were investigating the relationship between position, time, and speed. The students marked the initial position of a toy car. The students set the car into motion and marked the position of the car each second. Which of these are most appropriate for recording and analyzing the students' data?

{ "text": [ "a table and a bar graph", "a table and a line graph", "a pie chart and a bar graph", "a pie chart and a line graph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a table and a bar graph", "B: a table and a line graph", "C: a pie chart and a bar graph", "D: a pie chart and a line graph" ]

MCAS_1998_8_16

If the number of trees significantly decreases, the atmosphere's level of which gas might significantly increase?

{ "text": [ "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "carbon monoxide", "hydrogen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: nitrogen", "B: carbon dioxide", "C: carbon monoxide", "D: hydrogen" ]

MCAS_2008_8_5607

Which of the following is the best estimate of the number of stars in a typical galaxy?

{ "text": [ "tens", "hundreds", "thousands", "billions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: tens", "B: hundreds", "C: thousands", "D: billions" ]

VASoL_2010_3_38

A company plants trees on a bare hillside. Which of these is the BEST reason for planting the trees?

{ "text": [ "The trees provide oxygen for the soil.", "The trees prevent soil from washing away.", "The trees make shade for animals living there.", "The trees cause animals to move to other places." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The trees provide oxygen for the soil.", "B: The trees prevent soil from washing away.", "C: The trees make shade for animals living there.", "D: The trees cause animals to move to other places." ]

MCAS_2006_8_29

Index fossils help scientists estimate the age of a rock because index fossil species only existed for a relatively short time. What happened to the species that are now used as index fossils?

{ "text": [ "They became extinct.", "They changed their diets.", "They hid in marine sediments.", "They migrated to new environments." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: They became extinct.", "B: They changed their diets.", "C: They hid in marine sediments.", "D: They migrated to new environments." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_3

Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of birds are examples of

{ "text": [ "adaptations for flight", "responses to stimuli", "unnecessary body parts", "reproductive structures" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

[ "1: adaptations for flight", "2: responses to stimuli", "3: unnecessary body parts", "4: reproductive structures" ]

MEA_2013_5_2

A student climbs up a rocky mountain trail in Maine. She sees many small pieces of rock on the path. Which action most likely made the small pieces of rock?

{ "text": [ "sand blowing into cracks", "leaves pressing down tightly", "ice breaking large rocks apart", "shells and bones sticking together" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: sand blowing into cracks", "B: leaves pressing down tightly", "C: ice breaking large rocks apart", "D: shells and bones sticking together" ]

Mercury_176575

Which of the following heat exchange processes involves the collision of particles?

{ "text": [ "insulation", "conduction", "convection", "radiation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: insulation", "B: conduction", "C: convection", "D: radiation" ]

Mercury_SC_400591

The most effective way to show a change happening over time is to display your results using a

{ "text": [ "line graph.", "Venn diagram.", "pie chart.", "flow chart." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: line graph.", "B: Venn diagram.", "C: pie chart.", "D: flow chart." ]

Mercury_7038220

The diet of a brown bear includes roots, grasses, berries, nuts, fish, insects, and mammals. Based on this description, in what category is a brown bear?

{ "text": [ "carnivore", "herbivore", "omnivore", "decomposer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: carnivore", "B: herbivore", "C: omnivore", "D: decomposer" ]

Mercury_7038238

A bracket fungus grows on a dead tree and breaks it down into chemical nutrients. What term best classifies the role of a bracket fungus in this ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "producer", "consumer", "parasite", "decomposer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: producer", "B: consumer", "C: parasite", "D: decomposer" ]

Mercury_7112175

The comet Shoemaker-Levy struck the planet Jupiter in July of 1994. The process of a comet striking a planet is an example of a net decrease in kinetic energy. Kinetic energy was ultimately converted into

{ "text": [ "light.", "radiation.", "thermal energy.", "electromagnetic energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: light.", "B: radiation.", "C: thermal energy.", "D: electromagnetic energy." ]

Mercury_7081445

An earthquake in the Earth's crust under the ocean releases sound waves. Which statement accurately describes how the sound waves spread?

{ "text": [ "They spread in all directions away from their source.", "They remain trapped near the source by water pressure.", "They travel mostly horizontally along the ocean floor.", "They travel mostly upward toward the surface of the water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: They spread in all directions away from their source.", "B: They remain trapped near the source by water pressure.", "C: They travel mostly horizontally along the ocean floor.", "D: They travel mostly upward toward the surface of the water." ]

Mercury_7230370

Which provides the oldest evidence for oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere?

{ "text": [ "the earliest fossils of animals", "the earliest sediments of oxidized rock", "impact craters of oxidized-iron asteroids", "extensive volcanic calderas of similar age" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: the earliest fossils of animals", "B: the earliest sediments of oxidized rock", "C: impact craters of oxidized-iron asteroids", "D: extensive volcanic calderas of similar age" ]

LEAP__7_10337

Louis Pasteur discovered that the bacteria in a substance can be killed by heating the substance for a short period of time. Which of these practices benefited most from Pasteur's discovery?

{ "text": [ "storing foods for longer periods of time", "building ovens and other heating devices", "creating medicines that cure infections", "transporting living organisms without injuring them" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: storing foods for longer periods of time", "B: building ovens and other heating devices", "C: creating medicines that cure infections", "D: transporting living organisms without injuring them" ]

Mercury_406729

How do traits of animals such as ear shape, nose shape, and hair color most often get passed to offspring?

{ "text": [ "sexual reproduction", "asexual reproduction", "adaptation", "instinct" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: sexual reproduction", "B: asexual reproduction", "C: adaptation", "D: instinct" ]

Mercury_7029838

Why is the ozone content of the stratosphere important to living organisms?

{ "text": [ "Ozone absorbs infrared radiation from the Sun.", "Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.", "Ozone is necessary to create oxygen for living things.", "Ozone in the atmosphere prevents radiation of heat from Earth." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Ozone absorbs infrared radiation from the Sun.", "B: Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.", "C: Ozone is necessary to create oxygen for living things.", "D: Ozone in the atmosphere prevents radiation of heat from Earth." ]

Mercury_SC_400395

If an environment becomes warmer and drier, the change that would most likely help a species adapt would be an increase in its

{ "text": [ "amount of body fat.", "amount of body hair.", "ability to climb trees.", "ability to store water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: amount of body fat.", "B: amount of body hair.", "C: ability to climb trees.", "D: ability to store water." ]

Mercury_7042578

Thousands of years ago, several species of large mammals existed in North America. These species became extinct not long after the first human settlement of North America. Which human activity most likely contributed to the extinction of these mammals?

{ "text": [ "hunting", "waterway pollution", "habitat destruction", "competition for resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: hunting", "B: waterway pollution", "C: habitat destruction", "D: competition for resources" ]

Mercury_176995

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

{ "text": [ "hooves of a horse", "migration of birds", "a spider web", "a bee hive" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: hooves of a horse", "B: migration of birds", "C: a spider web", "D: a bee hive" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_29

Which two processes could result in the formation of high mountains with well-rounded peaks?

{ "text": [ "volcanic eruptions and global warming", "earthquakes and tidal activity", "collision of crustal plates and erosion", "production of greenhouse gases and weathering" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

[ "1: volcanic eruptions and global warming", "2: earthquakes and tidal activity", "3: collision of crustal plates and erosion", "4: production of greenhouse gases and weathering" ]

MDSA_2011_8_7

The brown tree snake is a nonnative species found on the South Pacific island of Guam. The brown tree snake population in Guam is so large that it negatively affects the humans there. Which statement best explains why the brown tree snake has flourished in Guam?

{ "text": [ "There are many animals for food.", "There are no natural snake predators.", "The climate is ideal for snake reproduction.", "The vegetation provides good habitat for hunting." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: There are many animals for food.", "B: There are no natural snake predators.", "C: The climate is ideal for snake reproduction.", "D: The vegetation provides good habitat for hunting." ]

Mercury_SC_415027

How are droughts always different from floods?

{ "text": [ "They have different locations.", "They happen in different ecosystems.", "They have different amounts of water.", "They happen at different times of the year." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: They have different locations.", "B: They happen in different ecosystems.", "C: They have different amounts of water.", "D: They happen at different times of the year." ]

CSZ_2007_5_CSZ10243

Which of the following is a harmful waste material that leaves the blood and travels through the lungs before leaving the body?

{ "text": [ "CO2.", "O2.", "H2O.", "NaCl." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: CO2.", "B: O2.", "C: H2O.", "D: NaCl." ]

VASoL_2009_3_9

How are a tree and grass alike?

{ "text": [ "Both make wood.", "Both have roots.", "Both need moonlight.", "Both have short lives." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Both make wood.", "B: Both have roots.", "C: Both need moonlight.", "D: Both have short lives." ]

Mercury_7064120

What organ system in the human body contains the pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, and thyroid gland?

{ "text": [ "reproductive system", "excretory system", "endocrine system", "circulatory system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: reproductive system", "B: excretory system", "C: endocrine system", "D: circulatory system" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_9

Which term describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?

{ "text": [ "reproduction", "extinction", "locomotion", "regulation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

4

[ "1: reproduction", "2: extinction", "3: locomotion", "4: regulation" ]

TIMSS_2011_8_pg14

Which of the following can provide the human body with long-term immunity against some diseases?

{ "text": [ "antibiotics", "vitamins", "vaccines", "red blood cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: antibiotics", "B: vitamins", "C: vaccines", "D: red blood cells" ]

Mercury_7219363

Which event is most likely to increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?

{ "text": [ "improved hunting techniques", "greater environmental stress", "increased immigration", "introduced predators" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: improved hunting techniques", "B: greater environmental stress", "C: increased immigration", "D: introduced predators" ]

Mercury_SC_415472

Where would animals and plants be most affected by a flood?

{ "text": [ "low areas", "high areas", "warm areas", "cold areas" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: low areas", "B: high areas", "C: warm areas", "D: cold areas" ]

Mercury_7234238

Which seismic wave phenomenon, found at structural boundaries, allows scientists to interpret the interior structure of Earth?

{ "text": [ "refraction of waves", "generation of new waves", "transformation of transverse waves into longitudinal waves", "transformation of mechanical waves into electromagnetic waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: refraction of waves", "B: generation of new waves", "C: transformation of transverse waves into longitudinal waves", "D: transformation of mechanical waves into electromagnetic waves" ]

Mercury_SC_401261

When ice melts, it becomes a

{ "text": [ "gas.", "solid.", "liquid.", "plasma." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: gas.", "B: solid.", "C: liquid.", "D: plasma." ]

Mercury_415544

Which combination of letters could be used as a chemical symbol for an element?

{ "text": [ "BR", "Chl", "Dy", "FeO" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: BR", "B: Chl", "C: Dy", "D: FeO" ]

Mercury_7213098

How is the stratosphere different from the troposphere?

{ "text": [ "The clouds in the stratosphere produce more rain.", "The air in the stratosphere has a greater density.", "The composition of the stratosphere lacks ozone.", "The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: The clouds in the stratosphere produce more rain.", "B: The air in the stratosphere has a greater density.", "C: The composition of the stratosphere lacks ozone.", "D: The temperature of the stratosphere warms at higher altitude." ]

Mercury_7030048

If a student gets a chemical splashed into an eye, what is the most appropriate first action to be taken?

{ "text": [ "wipe it with a paper towel", "call 911 for emergency services", "have someone go get the school nurse", "flush the eye with water at an eyewash station" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: wipe it with a paper towel", "B: call 911 for emergency services", "C: have someone go get the school nurse", "D: flush the eye with water at an eyewash station" ]

MCAS_2007_8_5190

Which of the following best describes an advantage of using a mass production manufacturing system instead of a custom manufacturing system?

{ "text": [ "Customers can provide specific feedback to workers.", "Workers become skilled in all aspects of assembly.", "Goods can be easily modified for customers.", "Products can be made at a lower cost." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Customers can provide specific feedback to workers.", "B: Workers become skilled in all aspects of assembly.", "C: Goods can be easily modified for customers.", "D: Products can be made at a lower cost." ]

Mercury_SC_400053

Which adaptation allows a walrus to stay warm in cold water?

{ "text": [ "reddish coat", "bristly mustache", "wrinkled skin", "thick layer of blubber" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: reddish coat", "B: bristly mustache", "C: wrinkled skin", "D: thick layer of blubber" ]

Mercury_7024150

Ninety-nine percent of the mass of an atom is located in

{ "text": [ "the outermost energy level.", "the first energy level.", "the electron clouds.", "the nucleus." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: the outermost energy level.", "B: the first energy level.", "C: the electron clouds.", "D: the nucleus." ]

Mercury_7085593

Which of the following is a common renewable resource found in deserts?

{ "text": [ "biodiesel", "uranium", "natural gas", "solar energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: biodiesel", "B: uranium", "C: natural gas", "D: solar energy" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_17

Beaver dams can cause floods. This statement shows how

{ "text": [ "animal growth is affected by environmental conditions", "animal behavior may affect the environment", "an animal's health depends on its environment", "an animal's development depends on its environment" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: animal growth is affected by environmental conditions", "2: animal behavior may affect the environment", "3: an animal's health depends on its environment", "4: an animal's development depends on its environment" ]

Mercury_7004970

A scientist crosses a red-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant, and all offspring have red flowers. What will most likely result if these red-flowered offspring are crossed with white-flowered plants?

{ "text": [ "All of the offspring will have red flowers.", "All of the offspring will have white flowers.", "The offspring will have either red or white flowers.", "The offspring will have neither red nor white flowers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: All of the offspring will have red flowers.", "B: All of the offspring will have white flowers.", "C: The offspring will have either red or white flowers.", "D: The offspring will have neither red nor white flowers." ]