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Mercury_177100
Which of the following is the most important safety practice when using a rock hammer on a geology field trip?
{ "text": [ "wear gloves while breaking rocks", "wear goggles while breaking rocks", "have a bucket of sand in case of sparks", "have a clean eye-wash station available" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: wear gloves while breaking rocks", "B: wear goggles while breaking rocks", "C: have a bucket of sand in case of sparks", "D: have a clean eye-wash station available" ]
Mercury_403701
To which organ system do the esophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and colon belong?
{ "text": [ "reproductive system", "excretory system", "digestive system", "endocrine system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: reproductive system", "B: excretory system", "C: digestive system", "D: endocrine system" ]
Mercury_7024308
When sodium hydroxide reacts with a copper nitrate solution, the reaction vessel needs to be kept on ice to slow down the reaction. What best describes this reaction?
{ "text": [ "an exothermic reaction that absorbs energy", "an exothermic reaction that releases energy", "an endothermic reaction that absorbs energy", "an endothermic reaction that releases energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: an exothermic reaction that absorbs energy", "B: an exothermic reaction that releases energy", "C: an endothermic reaction that absorbs energy", "D: an endothermic reaction that releases energy" ]
Mercury_184485
Scientists measured the patterns of spectral lines given off by distant galaxies and concluded that almost all of these galaxies are moving away from Earth. What did the scientists observe directly?
{ "text": [ "a shift toward longer wavelengths of light", "a shift toward shorter wavelengths of light", "the absence of wavelengths in the visible light range", "the compression of wavelengths in the visible light range" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: a shift toward longer wavelengths of light", "B: a shift toward shorter wavelengths of light", "C: the absence of wavelengths in the visible light range", "D: the compression of wavelengths in the visible light range" ]
Mercury_7075198
When a multicellular organism is damaged, it will repair itself as
{ "text": [ "it mutates.", "the cells work together.", "the cells move.", "it makes its own food." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: it mutates.", "B: the cells work together.", "C: the cells move.", "D: it makes its own food." ]
Mercury_7057995
Genes are located on chromosomes which are composed of
{ "text": [ "DNA.", "RNA.", "ATP.", "ADP." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: DNA.", "B: RNA.", "C: ATP.", "D: ADP." ]
MCAS_2007_8_5183
Which of the following best describes the number of chromosomes in a normal human liver cell?
{ "text": [ "23 pairs of chromosomes", "46 different types of chromosomes", "46 male chromosomes and 46 female chromosomes", "23 original chromosomes and 23 duplicate chromosomes" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: 23 pairs of chromosomes", "B: 46 different types of chromosomes", "C: 46 male chromosomes and 46 female chromosomes", "D: 23 original chromosomes and 23 duplicate chromosomes" ]
Mercury_7211208
A student measures the growth of a group of plants given different amounts of fertilizer. Which data display should the student use to compare the growth of the plants?
{ "text": [ "bar graph", "scatterplot", "line graph", "pie chart" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: bar graph", "B: scatterplot", "C: line graph", "D: pie chart" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10173
What is a large buildup of moving ice and snow called?
{ "text": [ "drumlin", "delta", "glacier", "moraine" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: drumlin", "B: delta", "C: glacier", "D: moraine" ]
Mercury_7107468
Which of these conditions would most likely be shown in the fossil record as a reason for mass extinctions?
{ "text": [ "increased competition for resources", "falling sea levels and global cooling", "organisms with beneficial traits", "increased solar activity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: increased competition for resources", "B: falling sea levels and global cooling", "C: organisms with beneficial traits", "D: increased solar activity" ]
Mercury_7009905
One of the functions of a topographic map is to
{ "text": [ "gauge local rainfall amounts.", "study the area's geological history.", "predict the severity of earthquakes.", "show the surface features of an area." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: gauge local rainfall amounts.", "B: study the area's geological history.", "C: predict the severity of earthquakes.", "D: show the surface features of an area." ]
MCAS_1999_4_35
Reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer. This is because
{ "text": [ "they have scaly skin.", "they have slimy skin.", "their body temperature stays at a constant level.", "their body temperature changes with the environment." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: they have scaly skin.", "B: they have slimy skin.", "C: their body temperature stays at a constant level.", "D: their body temperature changes with the environment." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_25
Which scientific model could be used to predict the properties of an element?
{ "text": [ "closed loop system", "Punnett square", "Periodic Table", "water cycle chart" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
3
[ "1: closed loop system", "2: Punnett square", "3: Periodic Table", "4: water cycle chart" ]
Mercury_7253663
Some of the thermal structure of Earth is the result of a combination of chemical composition, temperature, and pressure. Which is a boundary that best demonstrates a contact point between layers having relatively the same temperature and chemical composition?
{ "text": [ "lithosphere and mesosphere", "inner core and outer core", "outer core and mantle", "mantle and crust" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: lithosphere and mesosphere", "B: inner core and outer core", "C: outer core and mantle", "D: mantle and crust" ]
Mercury_7218260
A hillside along a highway has exposed layers of undisturbed sedimentary rock. Which method would be best for scientists to use to determine the relative age of these sedimentary rock layers?
{ "text": [ "apply the law of superposition", "calculate the rate of radiometric decay", "apply the law of crosscutting relationships", "calculate the rate of tectonic plate movement" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: apply the law of superposition", "B: calculate the rate of radiometric decay", "C: apply the law of crosscutting relationships", "D: calculate the rate of tectonic plate movement" ]
Mercury_7012600
What are petri dishes used for in a lab?
{ "text": [ "reflecting light to form images", "measuring the mass of molecules", "growing bacteria in a controlled setting", "observing the strength of physical forces" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: reflecting light to form images", "B: measuring the mass of molecules", "C: growing bacteria in a controlled setting", "D: observing the strength of physical forces" ]
NAEP_2005_4_S14+2
How do most fish get the oxygen they need to survive?
{ "text": [ "They take in water and break it down into hydrogen and oxygen.", "Using their gills, they take in oxygen that is dissolved in water.", "They get their oxygen from the food they eat.", "They come to the surface every few minutes to breathe air into their lungs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: They take in water and break it down into hydrogen and oxygen.", "B: Using their gills, they take in oxygen that is dissolved in water.", "C: They get their oxygen from the food they eat.", "D: They come to the surface every few minutes to breathe air into their lungs." ]
Mercury_SC_408417
Miranda's neighbors have an apple tree in their yard. What is the source of energy for the apple tree?
{ "text": [ "rain", "soil", "sunlight", "wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: rain", "B: soil", "C: sunlight", "D: wind" ]
MCAS_2007_5_4765
Some types of trees are able to survive the heat of a forest fire. Which of the following characteristics would best help a tree survive a fire?
{ "text": [ "large leaves", "shallow roots", "thick bark", "thin trunks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: large leaves", "B: shallow roots", "C: thick bark", "D: thin trunks" ]
MCAS_2006_9_9
Which of the following would most likely happen if grasses and shrubs were removed from a rural Massachusetts ecosystem?
{ "text": [ "There would be an increase in consumers in the ecosystem.", "There would be an increase of photosynthesis in the ecosystem.", "There would be a decrease in food energy produced by the ecosystem.", "There would be a decrease of carbon dioxide available to the ecosystem." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: There would be an increase in consumers in the ecosystem.", "B: There would be an increase of photosynthesis in the ecosystem.", "C: There would be a decrease in food energy produced by the ecosystem.", "D: There would be a decrease of carbon dioxide available to the ecosystem." ]
MDSA_2007_5_23
In 2004, Maryland recycled more than 35% of all of the waste the state produced. Which of these benefits does recycling provide to Maryland?
{ "text": [ "fewer wild animals", "decreased farm crops", "less trash sent to landfills", "decreased use of electricity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: fewer wild animals", "B: decreased farm crops", "C: less trash sent to landfills", "D: decreased use of electricity" ]
MEA_2016_5_10
A student finds a round, smooth pebble on a beach. Which action made the pebble smooth?
{ "text": [ "rain falling", "wind blowing", "snow melting", "waves moving" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: rain falling", "B: wind blowing", "C: snow melting", "D: waves moving" ]
Mercury_7014420
The position of the liver in the circulatory system maximizes its ability to filter out harmful chemicals as soon as they enter the bloodstream. Blood travels to the liver from the
{ "text": [ "nervous system.", "digestive system.", "immune system.", "excretory system." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: nervous system.", "B: digestive system.", "C: immune system.", "D: excretory system." ]
Mercury_SC_405359
A student recorded the amount of rain that fell in one year in his city. What is the best way for him to organize his information?
{ "text": [ "diagram", "graph", "journal", "map" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: diagram", "B: graph", "C: journal", "D: map" ]
AIMS_2009_4_21
While Anna was testing a circuit, she dropped a light bulb. What is the safest thing Anna can do?
{ "text": [ "get a new bulb to finish the test", "push the broken glass under a table", "tell her teacher that she broke the bulb", "ask her partner to help pick up the broken glass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: get a new bulb to finish the test", "B: push the broken glass under a table", "C: tell her teacher that she broke the bulb", "D: ask her partner to help pick up the broken glass" ]
Mercury_7014858
Sugar is added to water and the mixture is stirred. Which observation is evidence that the sugar dissolved in the water?
{ "text": [ "Less sugar is visible.", "The water is cloudy.", "The sugar turned into crystals.", "Bubbles formed in the water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: Less sugar is visible.", "B: The water is cloudy.", "C: The sugar turned into crystals.", "D: Bubbles formed in the water." ]
TIMSS_2011_4_pg89
The direction water flows in a river depends on
{ "text": [ "the length of the river", "the slope of the land", "the type of rock over which the water flows", "the location of the North Pole" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: the length of the river", "B: the slope of the land", "C: the type of rock over which the water flows", "D: the location of the North Pole" ]
Mercury_SC_407681
A soccer player kicks a soccer ball across a field. Which factor has the most effect on the distance the soccer ball travels?
{ "text": [ "the color of the ball", "the force of the kick", "the length of the field", "the temperature of the air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: the color of the ball", "B: the force of the kick", "C: the length of the field", "D: the temperature of the air" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_29
Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are composed of
{ "text": [ "hormones", "DNA molecules", "minerals and water", "undigested food molecules" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
2
[ "1: hormones", "2: DNA molecules", "3: minerals and water", "4: undigested food molecules" ]
Mercury_SC_406795
Which items would best protect a group of students while investigating a forest ecosystem?
{ "text": [ "short pants and T-shirts", "short pants and long-sleeved shirts", "long pants and T-shirts", "long pants and long-sleeved shirts" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: short pants and T-shirts", "B: short pants and long-sleeved shirts", "C: long pants and T-shirts", "D: long pants and long-sleeved shirts" ]
Mercury_7013493
A student needs to find the mass of an atom. The numbers of which atomic particles determines the mass of the atom?
{ "text": [ "only its protons", "only its electrons", "both its protons and neutrons", "both its neutrons and electrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: only its protons", "B: only its electrons", "C: both its protons and neutrons", "D: both its neutrons and electrons" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_21
Which activity is necessary for humans to maintain good health?
{ "text": [ "reading", "resting", "driving", "talking" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: reading", "B: resting", "C: driving", "D: talking" ]
Mercury_SC_406073
A student completes several tasks while making breakfast. During which task does the student make a solution?
{ "text": [ "adding sugar to tea", "pouring milk on cereal", "spreading jelly on toast", "sprinkling cheese on eggs" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: adding sugar to tea", "B: pouring milk on cereal", "C: spreading jelly on toast", "D: sprinkling cheese on eggs" ]
AIMS_2008_4_8
Which natural event can dry out plants and cause wildfires?
{ "text": [ "drought", "earthquake", "flood", "tornado" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: drought", "B: earthquake", "C: flood", "D: tornado" ]
LEAP__5_10310
Where would nitrogen most easily be found in the nitrogen cycle?
{ "text": [ "in animal waste", "in drinking water supplies", "in underground mineral deposits", "in carbon dioxide released by factories into the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: in animal waste", "B: in drinking water supplies", "C: in underground mineral deposits", "D: in carbon dioxide released by factories into the atmosphere" ]
Mercury_SC_405080
Before it rains water must collect in
{ "text": [ "clouds.", "snow.", "sleet.", "fog." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: clouds.", "B: snow.", "C: sleet.", "D: fog." ]
Mercury_7263708
Which atmospheric phenomena are created by the interaction of charged particles with Earth's magnetosphere?
{ "text": [ "auroras", "tornadoes", "rainbows", "inversions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: auroras", "B: tornadoes", "C: rainbows", "D: inversions" ]
VASoL_2009_3_30
Which of these BEST describes the way a feather feels?
{ "text": [ "Colorful", "Soft", "Low", "Bright" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: Colorful", "B: Soft", "C: Low", "D: Bright" ]
TIMSS_1995_8_Q13
A tight metal lid on a jar of pickles may loosen when it has been held in hot water. This is because the hot water causes the
{ "text": [ "glass jar to contract", "metal lid to contract", "glass jar to expand more than the metal lid expands", "metal lid to expand more than the glass jar expands" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: glass jar to contract", "B: metal lid to contract", "C: glass jar to expand more than the metal lid expands", "D: metal lid to expand more than the glass jar expands" ]
MDSA_2011_8_43
A scientist reads about an experiment conducted by a researcher.The scientist conducts the same experiment and collects data but this data contradicts what was published by the researcher. What should the scientist do since the data from the two experiments is contradictory?
{ "text": [ "Repeat the experiment to check the data collected.", "Contact the researcher who first performed the experiment.", "Contact the scientific journal that published the experiment.", "Disregard the data collected since the experiment was published." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: Repeat the experiment to check the data collected.", "B: Contact the researcher who first performed the experiment.", "C: Contact the scientific journal that published the experiment.", "D: Disregard the data collected since the experiment was published." ]
Mercury_SC_401321
The organisms that convert solar energy and raw materials into food are
{ "text": [ "producers.", "consumers.", "herbivores.", "decomposers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: producers.", "B: consumers.", "C: herbivores.", "D: decomposers." ]
TIMSS_2003_4_pg36
Large amounts of metals like iron and aluminum are found in
{ "text": [ "dead trees", "water", "animal bones", "oil wells", "rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" ] }
E
[ "A: dead trees", "B: water", "C: animal bones", "D: oil wells", "E: rocks" ]
Mercury_7248395
Which of these occurs if myosin fails to bind to actin during muscle contraction?
{ "text": [ "The muscle cells will lose ATP.", "The muscle cells will remain relaxed.", "The muscle cells will produce lactic acid.", "The muscle cells will lose calcium ions." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: The muscle cells will lose ATP.", "B: The muscle cells will remain relaxed.", "C: The muscle cells will produce lactic acid.", "D: The muscle cells will lose calcium ions." ]
Mercury_7228060
How are cells able to produce the proteins required by certain conditions?
{ "text": [ "by synthesizing new genes", "by altering existing genes", "by expressing existing genes", "by mutating new genes" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: by synthesizing new genes", "B: by altering existing genes", "C: by expressing existing genes", "D: by mutating new genes" ]
Mercury_7228218
An organism's cells include organelles and a cell wall. In which taxonomic group or groups might the organism be classified?
{ "text": [ "plants only", "bacteria or archaea", "plants, fungi, or protists", "bacteria, fungi, or protists" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: plants only", "B: bacteria or archaea", "C: plants, fungi, or protists", "D: bacteria, fungi, or protists" ]
Mercury_7247870
Which of these structures produces male gametes in humans?
{ "text": [ "testes", "ovaries", "scrotum", "fallopian tube" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: testes", "B: ovaries", "C: scrotum", "D: fallopian tube" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_26
The length of a year is equivalent to the time it takes for one
{ "text": [ "rotation of Earth", "rotation of the Sun", "revolution of Earth around the Sun", "revolution of the Sun around Earth" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
3
[ "1: rotation of Earth", "2: rotation of the Sun", "3: revolution of Earth around the Sun", "4: revolution of the Sun around Earth" ]
VASoL_2011_5_32
Which of these organisms has cells with cell walls?
{ "text": [ "bluebird", "A pine tree", "A ladybug", "A fox squirrel" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: bluebird", "B: A pine tree", "C: A ladybug", "D: A fox squirrel" ]
Mercury_7083370
Which is the result of mitosis?
{ "text": [ "two identical nuclei", "four unique cells", "a decrease in genes", "a new protein" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: two identical nuclei", "B: four unique cells", "C: a decrease in genes", "D: a new protein" ]
Mercury_SC_400399
Which of these materials on the walls of a room would work best to keep sound from making an echo?
{ "text": [ "marble", "carpet", "wood", "glass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: marble", "B: carpet", "C: wood", "D: glass" ]
MCAS_2004_8_16
The starch and water molecules in potato cells are stored in what organelle?
{ "text": [ "mitochondrion", "nucleus", "ribosome", "vacuole" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: mitochondrion", "B: nucleus", "C: ribosome", "D: vacuole" ]
MCAS_2000_4_8
Which animals live part of their lives in water and part on land, and go through metamorphosis?
{ "text": [ "reptiles", "amphibians", "birds", "mammals" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: reptiles", "B: amphibians", "C: birds", "D: mammals" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_22
A student puts two identical plants in the same type and amount of soil. She gives them the same amount of water. She puts one of these plants near a sunny window and the other in a dark room. This experiment tests how the plants respond to
{ "text": [ "light", "air", "water", "soil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: light", "B: air", "C: water", "D: soil" ]
MSA_2012_5_31
Humans need food to grow and survive. Food that is not used immediately by the body for energy is
{ "text": [ "stored for future use", "converted to water for energy", "used to remove wastes from cells", "transformed into oxygen for survival" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: stored for future use", "B: converted to water for energy", "C: used to remove wastes from cells", "D: transformed into oxygen for survival" ]
Mercury_7210998
What structure surrounds the cell and regulates materials that enter and leave the cell?
{ "text": [ "nucleus", "chloroplast", "mitochondrion", "cell membrane" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: nucleus", "B: chloroplast", "C: mitochondrion", "D: cell membrane" ]
Mercury_7085208
In order for boulders to become sediments, the boulders must first be
{ "text": [ "heated and melted.", "weathered and eroded.", "recrystallized.", "buried." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: heated and melted.", "B: weathered and eroded.", "C: recrystallized.", "D: buried." ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10067
During which stage of an insect's life cycle does the female lay eggs?
{ "text": [ "nymph", "larva", "pupa", "adult" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: nymph", "B: larva", "C: pupa", "D: adult" ]
Mercury_7263340
When a dog smells food and begins drooling, it is responding to an external stimulus. Which of these describes a response to an internal stimulus?
{ "text": [ "A cat sees a mouse and crouches.", "A parrot hears a name and repeats it.", "A person eats spoiled food and vomits.", "A worm senses water and moves to the surface." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: A cat sees a mouse and crouches.", "B: A parrot hears a name and repeats it.", "C: A person eats spoiled food and vomits.", "D: A worm senses water and moves to the surface." ]
NAEP_2009_4_S11+16
Which is an example of melting?
{ "text": [ "Flowing water making a rock smooth", "A carrot becoming soft when cooked", "Sugar mixed into tea making the tea sweet", "Butter changing into liquid in a warm pan" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Flowing water making a rock smooth", "B: A carrot becoming soft when cooked", "C: Sugar mixed into tea making the tea sweet", "D: Butter changing into liquid in a warm pan" ]
Mercury_SC_405506
Students perform an investigation designed to measure the daily growth of a bean plant. Which should the students do every day of this investigation?
{ "text": [ "record data", "form hypothesis", "form conclusion", "define variables" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: record data", "B: form hypothesis", "C: form conclusion", "D: define variables" ]
TAKS_2009_5_5
Ice cream in a bowl changed from solid to liquid in a few minutes. Which of the following most likely caused this change?
{ "text": [ "Bacteria grew in the ice cream.", "Heat was added to the ice cream.", "Water evaporated from the ice cream.", "Frozen berries were sprinkled on the ice cream." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: Bacteria grew in the ice cream.", "B: Heat was added to the ice cream.", "C: Water evaporated from the ice cream.", "D: Frozen berries were sprinkled on the ice cream." ]
Mercury_7043103
The change in the use of one model of the solar system to the use of another model resulted in major changes in science and society. Which two scientists produced the earlier and later models, respectively?
{ "text": [ "Hooke and Mendel", "Newton and Galileo", "Aristotle and Einstein", "Ptolemy and Copernicus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Hooke and Mendel", "B: Newton and Galileo", "C: Aristotle and Einstein", "D: Ptolemy and Copernicus" ]
Mercury_401407
An atom with a +1 charge has
{ "text": [ "lost a proton.", "lost an electron.", "gained a proton.", "gained an electron." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: lost a proton.", "B: lost an electron.", "C: gained a proton.", "D: gained an electron." ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_12
Which is an example of a single-celled organism?
{ "text": [ "amoeba", "insect", "fish", "worm" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: amoeba", "B: insect", "C: fish", "D: worm" ]
Mercury_7014298
The Great Ocean Conveyer ocean current system runs north through the Atlantic from the equatorial region. If this current got disrupted, North American and European climates would become
{ "text": [ "rainier.", "colder.", "windier.", "more humid." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: rainier.", "B: colder.", "C: windier.", "D: more humid." ]
Mercury_7109218
Which region of the Milky Way contains a population that consists mostly of old stars?
{ "text": [ "the halo", "the spiral arms", "the nuclear bulge", "the open clusters" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: the halo", "B: the spiral arms", "C: the nuclear bulge", "D: the open clusters" ]
Mercury_7069563
When a switch to a ceiling fan is turned on, electrical energy is being transformed into
{ "text": [ "atomic energy.", "potential energy.", "chemical energy.", "mechanical energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: atomic energy.", "B: potential energy.", "C: chemical energy.", "D: mechanical energy." ]
Mercury_186375
An agricultural scientist, George Washington Carver, is most famous for his research on
{ "text": [ "tobacco.", "peanuts.", "mold.", "corn." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: tobacco.", "B: peanuts.", "C: mold.", "D: corn." ]
Mercury_SC_401268
A student pours a clear liquid from a test tube into a beaker with a clear liquid already in it and notices that the mixture turns pink. The student infers the two clear liquids are different. This inference is a result of
{ "text": [ "class discussion.", "previous knowledge.", "temperature changes.", "student observations." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: class discussion.", "B: previous knowledge.", "C: temperature changes.", "D: student observations." ]
Mercury_7250145
In what leaf structure is photosynthetic tissue found?
{ "text": [ "cuticle", "upper epidermis", "mesophyll", "vascular bundle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: cuticle", "B: upper epidermis", "C: mesophyll", "D: vascular bundle" ]
Mercury_7269133
The crude oil extracted today was formed millions of years ago from the fossilized remains of algae and other tiny marine organisms. Most parts of the organisms decomposed soon after they died. Which biomolecules decomposed more slowly and became the basis of crude oil?
{ "text": [ "proteins", "carbohydrates", "fatty acids", "nucleic acids" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: proteins", "B: carbohydrates", "C: fatty acids", "D: nucleic acids" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_19
Temperatures below freezing are expected overnight. What might be done to protect plants growing outside?
{ "text": [ "trim the leaves", "weed them", "cover them", "give them plant food" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: trim the leaves", "B: weed them", "C: cover them", "D: give them plant food" ]
Mercury_7014018
Prolonged exercise stimulates muscle cells to absorb sugar from the blood. This mechanism reduces stress placed on the body by signaling the body to produce
{ "text": [ "insulin.", "lipids.", "hemoglobin.", "hydrochloric acid." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: insulin.", "B: lipids.", "C: hemoglobin.", "D: hydrochloric acid." ]
Mercury_184118
Which geologic feature is evidence that the North American plate once collided with the Eurasian and African plates?
{ "text": [ "the Appalachian Mountains", "the Mohave Desert", "the Mississippi River", "the Great Lakes" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: the Appalachian Mountains", "B: the Mohave Desert", "C: the Mississippi River", "D: the Great Lakes" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_28
During an experiment, a student reports that a liquid turned green when mixed with another liquid. This is an example of
{ "text": [ "a measurement", "a prediction", "an explanation", "an observation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: a measurement", "B: a prediction", "C: an explanation", "D: an observation" ]
Mercury_7008628
Which of the following causes a chemical change?
{ "text": [ "sugar added to soda", "detergent added to water", "lemon juice added to milk", "salt added to water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: sugar added to soda", "B: detergent added to water", "C: lemon juice added to milk", "D: salt added to water" ]
ACTAAP_2012_7_1
Which human organ system exchanges gases with the environment?
{ "text": [ "endocrine", "circulatory", "respiratory", "integumentary" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: endocrine", "B: circulatory", "C: respiratory", "D: integumentary" ]
Mercury_7211383
Improvements in geological observation technologies have made it easier for scientists to locate resources in Earth's crust. These technologies have allowed for an increase in availability of which resource?
{ "text": [ "wind power", "solar energy", "fossil fuel", "tidal energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: wind power", "B: solar energy", "C: fossil fuel", "D: tidal energy" ]
MCAS_2016_8_5
An engineer constructs a prototype from wood. Which of the following is the best tool for the engineer to use to make the prototype's surface smooth?
{ "text": [ "band saw", "chisel", "drill", "sandpaper" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: band saw", "B: chisel", "C: drill", "D: sandpaper" ]
Mercury_SC_405078
If left in the sunshine, water in an open jar will
{ "text": [ "evaporate.", "condense.", "freeze.", "melt." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: evaporate.", "B: condense.", "C: freeze.", "D: melt." ]
MCAS_2012_5_23630
In some locations, squirrels sleep for long periods of time during the winter months. Which of the following most likely causes these squirrels to sleep for long periods of time?
{ "text": [ "increase in humidity", "decrease in temperature", "clouds forming in the sky", "winds blowing in the night" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: increase in humidity", "B: decrease in temperature", "C: clouds forming in the sky", "D: winds blowing in the night" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10470
Which of the following helps the body to cool down?
{ "text": [ "shivering", "sweating", "running a fever", "taking deep breaths" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: shivering", "B: sweating", "C: running a fever", "D: taking deep breaths" ]
TAKS_2009_5_2
The brown fur of the arctic hare turns white in winter. How does this color change most likely help the arctic hare?
{ "text": [ "It helps the animal save water.", "It helps the animal hide from predators.", "It helps keep the animal cool.", "It helps protect the animal from disease." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: It helps the animal save water.", "B: It helps the animal hide from predators.", "C: It helps keep the animal cool.", "D: It helps protect the animal from disease." ]
TAKS_2009_8_31
A group of students found metamorphic rocks near a campsite. The presence of metamorphic rocks is most likely evidence of
{ "text": [ "dinosaur activity", "sediment deposition", "high pressure", "wind-borne sand" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: dinosaur activity", "B: sediment deposition", "C: high pressure", "D: wind-borne sand" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10790
As water vapor condenses into liquid, which of the following can be formed?
{ "text": [ "ice", "steam", "frost", "clouds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: ice", "B: steam", "C: frost", "D: clouds" ]
Mercury_7218313
Which of these particles, when found in soil, contributes most to the water retention in soil?
{ "text": [ "gravel", "sand", "silt", "clay" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: gravel", "B: sand", "C: silt", "D: clay" ]
CSZ30457
Which of the following forms of energy is released or absorbed in most chemical reactions?
{ "text": [ "light energy", "electrical energy", "sound energy", "heat energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: light energy", "B: electrical energy", "C: sound energy", "D: heat energy" ]
Mercury_7207515
Which of these must occur for sediments to form new rock?
{ "text": [ "precipitation", "evaporation", "partial melting", "recrystallization" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: precipitation", "B: evaporation", "C: partial melting", "D: recrystallization" ]
Mercury_187145
A student wants to find the most accurate account of a scientific discovery that took place within the past three months. In which of these sources should the student look?
{ "text": [ "newspapers", "magazines", "science textbooks", "science journals" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: newspapers", "B: magazines", "C: science textbooks", "D: science journals" ]
Mercury_SC_407394
What is taken in by the leaves of a tree so it can make its own food?
{ "text": [ "oxygen", "sugar", "sunlight", "water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: oxygen", "B: sugar", "C: sunlight", "D: water" ]
Mercury_7098140
Radio signal interruption sometimes causes a humming or buzzing sound. These sounds are most likely caused by
{ "text": [ "balanced forces.", "longitudinal waves.", "gravitational forces.", "electromagnetic waves." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: balanced forces.", "B: longitudinal waves.", "C: gravitational forces.", "D: electromagnetic waves." ]
Mercury_7038553
Students planned an investigation that included adding a quantity of vinegar to a small amount of baking soda. Which is the best tool to measure the volume of the liquid vinegar used in the investigation?
{ "text": [ "pan balance", "spring scale", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: pan balance", "B: spring scale", "C: meter stick", "D: graduated cylinder" ]
Mercury_7136798
Garrett collected some large rocks from a stream near his home. He measured the rocks on a balance. When he records the mass of the rocks, which units should Garrett use?
{ "text": [ "pounds", "kilograms", "fluid ounces", "cubic centimeters" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: pounds", "B: kilograms", "C: fluid ounces", "D: cubic centimeters" ]
Mercury_401437
Which of the statements is the most accurate in describing the chemical equation shown below? 2H_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g) -> 2H_{2}O(g) + energy
{ "text": [ "A solid is produced.", "Energy is released.", "Energy is absorbed.", "Equal numbers of molecules are on both sides of the arrow." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: A solid is produced.", "B: Energy is released.", "C: Energy is absorbed.", "D: Equal numbers of molecules are on both sides of the arrow." ]
MDSA_2007_4_31
A female dog is having puppies. She has black fur, brown eyes, and a curly tail. She can sit, bark, and roll over on command. Which set of traits can the female dog's puppies inherit?
{ "text": [ "brown eyes, black fur", "fur, roll over on command", "brown eyes, sit on command", "bark on command, curly tail" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: brown eyes, black fur", "B: fur, roll over on command", "C: brown eyes, sit on command", "D: bark on command, curly tail" ]
MDSA_2007_5_21
Scientists estimate that Maryland contains more than 850 million tons of coal. Coal is most commonly used to produce ___.
{ "text": [ "electricity", "medicine", "metals", "water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: electricity", "B: medicine", "C: metals", "D: water" ]
Mercury_7108938
Large populations of tortoises inhabited the Galapagos Islands before humans. When humans settled on the islands and introduced goats, the number of tortoise declined. What is most likely the explanation for the decrease in the tortoise population?
{ "text": [ "Goats consume tortoise hatchlings.", "Goats pollute water sources.", "Goats compete with tortoises for vegetation.", "Goats contribute to soil erosion." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: Goats consume tortoise hatchlings.", "B: Goats pollute water sources.", "C: Goats compete with tortoises for vegetation.", "D: Goats contribute to soil erosion." ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10587
Hereditary information is transmitted from parents to offspring through
{ "text": [ "cell division.", "genes.", "germination.", "metamorphosis." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: cell division.", "B: genes.", "C: germination.", "D: metamorphosis." ]
ACTAAP_2007_7_21
Which device converts kinetic energy into electrical energy?
{ "text": [ "calculator", "generator", "electric motor", "electromagnet" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: calculator", "B: generator", "C: electric motor", "D: electromagnet" ]
Mercury_400159
Which behavior is a learned behavior?
{ "text": [ "eating with a fork", "shivering when it is cold", "squinting your eyes in bright light", "developing a fever when you are sick" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: eating with a fork", "B: shivering when it is cold", "C: squinting your eyes in bright light", "D: developing a fever when you are sick" ]