jeggers/ai2_arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 586	choices sequence	answerKey stringclasses 9 values	choices_sequence sequencelengths 3 5
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_6	All matter is made up of particles called	{ "text": [ "cells", "molecules", "atoms", "compounds" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3	[ "1: cells", "2: molecules", "3: atoms", "4: compounds" ]
TIMSS_2011_8_pg130	Which of the following energy conversions takes place in a battery-operated flashlight?	{ "text": [ "electrical -> mechanical -> light", "chemical -> mechanical -> light", "chemical -> electrical -> light", "nuclear -> electrical -> light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: electrical -> mechanical -> light", "B: chemical -> mechanical -> light", "C: chemical -> electrical -> light", "D: nuclear -> electrical -> light" ]
VASoL_2009_5_21	Which of these is most likely harmful to an ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "Building new homes in a wetland", "Taking away airplanes from an airport", "Planting trees in an orchard", "Adding floors to an office building" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Building new homes in a wetland", "B: Taking away airplanes from an airport", "C: Planting trees in an orchard", "D: Adding floors to an office building" ]
Mercury_SC_413443	Which units are best to measure the amount of rain that fell during a thunderstorm?	{ "text": [ "centimeters", "degrees Celsius", "grams", "seconds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: centimeters", "B: degrees Celsius", "C: grams", "D: seconds" ]
Mercury_SC_409151	Noah visited a park that had many oak trees. Which best describes the role of an oak tree in its ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "Oak trees can live for a long time.", "Oak trees have leaves that change colors.", "Oak trees have strong branches and trunks.", "Oak trees are a source of food and shelter for animals." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Oak trees can live for a long time.", "B: Oak trees have leaves that change colors.", "C: Oak trees have strong branches and trunks.", "D: Oak trees are a source of food and shelter for animals." ]
TAKS_2009_8_40	Which of these resources will most likely be depleted first?	{ "text": [ "Wind", "Solar energy", "Fossil fuels", "Water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Wind", "B: Solar energy", "C: Fossil fuels", "D: Water" ]
Mercury_7195195	When athletes begin to exercise, their heart rates and respiration rates increase. At what level of organization does the human body coordinate these functions?	{ "text": [ "at the tissue level", "at the organ level", "at the system level", "at the cellular level" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: at the tissue level", "B: at the organ level", "C: at the system level", "D: at the cellular level" ]
MDSA_2011_4_40	A student heated a pan of soup on a stove. While stirring the soup with a metal spoon, the student noticed the spoon became very warm. What is the most likely reason the spoon became warm?	{ "text": [ "The stirring action heated the spoon.", "Warm air in the room heated the spoon.", "Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon.", "The student's hand transferred heat to the spoon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The stirring action heated the spoon.", "B: Warm air in the room heated the spoon.", "C: Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon.", "D: The student's hand transferred heat to the spoon." ]
Mercury_SC_415398	Where does a landslide begin?	{ "text": [ "a low hill", "a plain", "a mountain", "a basin" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: a low hill", "B: a plain", "C: a mountain", "D: a basin" ]
MDSA_2007_5_38	Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Aluminum is a nonrenewable natural resource. Which of these methods of aluminum disposal is best for the environment?	{ "text": [ "burning it", "recycling it", "burying it in landfills", "crushing it before throwing it away" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: burning it", "B: recycling it", "C: burying it in landfills", "D: crushing it before throwing it away" ]
MCAS_2007_8_5158	Which of the following keeps the planets in our solar system in orbit around the Sun?	{ "text": [ "atmospheric pressure", "gravitational force", "electromagnetic energy", "thermal energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: atmospheric pressure", "B: gravitational force", "C: electromagnetic energy", "D: thermal energy" ]
Mercury_7006143	Which human organ system primarily exchanges gases between the body and the atmosphere?	{ "text": [ "excretory", "nervous", "skeletal", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: excretory", "B: nervous", "C: skeletal", "D: respiratory" ]
CSZ10286	Moving water was the most important factor in forming which of these?	{ "text": [ "the Grand Canyon", "San Andreas Fault", "the Rocky Mountains", "Mount St. Helens Volcano" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the Grand Canyon", "B: San Andreas Fault", "C: the Rocky Mountains", "D: Mount St. Helens Volcano" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_1	Which list contains only nonliving things?	{ "text": [ "coins, snakes, birds", "water, rocks, sunlight", "rubber ball, plants, house", "soil, fish, air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: coins, snakes, birds", "B: water, rocks, sunlight", "C: rubber ball, plants, house", "D: soil, fish, air" ]
Mercury_SC_400155	Which type of energy conversion occurs in a flashlight?	{ "text": [ "chemical to light", "mechanical to light", "electrical to chemical", "mechanical to chemical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: chemical to light", "B: mechanical to light", "C: electrical to chemical", "D: mechanical to chemical" ]
MEAP_2005_8_19	Rocks that contain fragments of bones, shells, and plant remains are most likely	{ "text": [ "crystals.", "igneous.", "sedimentary.", "metamorphic." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: crystals.", "B: igneous.", "C: sedimentary.", "D: metamorphic." ]
Mercury_7007980	Which reaction is endothermic?	{ "text": [ "cold pack", "coal burning", "striking a match", "charcoal grill fire" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: cold pack", "B: coal burning", "C: striking a match", "D: charcoal grill fire" ]
AKDE&ED_2008_4_7	Which property of water can cause a rock to break apart?	{ "text": [ "Water boiling at 100°C.", "Water losing energy slowly.", "Water expanding as it freezes.", "Water having a high surface tension." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Water boiling at 100°C.", "B: Water losing energy slowly.", "C: Water expanding as it freezes.", "D: Water having a high surface tension." ]
ACTAAP_2008_5_11	With a microscope, you see that an object has a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a nucleus. What is being observed?	{ "text": [ "a plant cell", "an animal cell", "a male organism", "a female organism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: a plant cell", "B: an animal cell", "C: a male organism", "D: a female organism" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_28	Which instrument would be best to measure the volume of a liquid?	{ "text": [ "a pan balance", "a stopwatch", "a thermometer", "a graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a pan balance", "B: a stopwatch", "C: a thermometer", "D: a graduated cylinder" ]
Mercury_7057558	Which part of an atom is involved in chemical reactions?	{ "text": [ "nucleus and its particles", "negatively-charged particles", "neutrally-charged particles", "positively-charged particles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: nucleus and its particles", "B: negatively-charged particles", "C: neutrally-charged particles", "D: positively-charged particles" ]
Mercury_SC_403008	Which tool is best used to collect information about the weather?	{ "text": [ "ruler", "stopwatch", "thermometer", "collecting net" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: ruler", "B: stopwatch", "C: thermometer", "D: collecting net" ]
Mercury_7106943	Which of these characteristics best helps scientists classify organisms?	{ "text": [ "size", "color", "gender", "structure" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: size", "B: color", "C: gender", "D: structure" ]
LEAP__7_10347	Which resource is most likely found in large amounts in forest ecosystems?	{ "text": [ "iron", "wood", "plastic", "petroleum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: iron", "B: wood", "C: plastic", "D: petroleum" ]
MCAS_2007_8_5184	Which of the following best describes a role of mushrooms in ecosystems?	{ "text": [ "capturing energy from sunlight", "consuming living plant material", "taking energy from animal hosts", "breaking down dead plant material" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: capturing energy from sunlight", "B: consuming living plant material", "C: taking energy from animal hosts", "D: breaking down dead plant material" ]
Mercury_7220868	A gardener wants to increase the ability of garden soil to retain water. Which of these should the gardener add to the soil?	{ "text": [ "coarse sand", "loose gravel", "nitrogen pellets", "organic material" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: coarse sand", "B: loose gravel", "C: nitrogen pellets", "D: organic material" ]
Mercury_SC_400010	In the life cycle of a fly, which stage comes after the larval stage?	{ "text": [ "egg", "adult", "nymph", "pupa" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: egg", "B: adult", "C: nymph", "D: pupa" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_26	In which example could a thermometer be used to show that heat energy is being transferred?	{ "text": [ "A piano is played by striking the keys.", "A shovel is used to move dirt from one place to another.", "A ball is thrown into the air.", "A stove is used to boil water in a pan." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: A piano is played by striking the keys.", "B: A shovel is used to move dirt from one place to another.", "C: A ball is thrown into the air.", "D: A stove is used to boil water in a pan." ]
Mercury_SC_401291	What is the most likely function of a turtle's hard shell?	{ "text": [ "convert energy", "increase speed", "provide protection", "allow for reproduction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: convert energy", "B: increase speed", "C: provide protection", "D: allow for reproduction" ]
Mercury_7092225	What is the main source of energy that causes water to evaporate from the surface of Earth?	{ "text": [ "lightning", "sun", "gravity", "wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: lightning", "B: sun", "C: gravity", "D: wind" ]
Mercury_7185588	Which terms can be used to describe the properties of both a wave and a particle of light?	{ "text": [ "charge and volume", "frequency and mass", "speed and frequency", "frequency and density" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: charge and volume", "B: frequency and mass", "C: speed and frequency", "D: frequency and density" ]
Mercury_SC_401631	To use energy from the Sun to power household appliances, the solar energy must be converted to	{ "text": [ "heat energy.", "light energy.", "nuclear energy.", "electrical energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: heat energy.", "B: light energy.", "C: nuclear energy.", "D: electrical energy." ]
Mercury_417571	The yellow-throated longclaw is a bird that lives on the dry savanna of Africa. It looks almost exactly like another bird, the western meadowlark of North America. Although the birds look very similar, they are not even in the same taxonomic family. Scientists think the birds look alike because the two species developed under similar environmental pressures, even though they developed thousands of miles apart. Which process does their development demonstrate?	{ "text": [ "sexual selection", "disruptive selection", "divergent evolution", "convergent evolution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: sexual selection", "B: disruptive selection", "C: divergent evolution", "D: convergent evolution" ]
Mercury_7148173	The reaction that releases energy for use by the cell occurs in which site?	{ "text": [ "Golgi apparatus", "endoplasmic reticulum", "cytoplasmic membrane", "mitochondrial membrane" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Golgi apparatus", "B: endoplasmic reticulum", "C: cytoplasmic membrane", "D: mitochondrial membrane" ]
NCEOGA_2013_8_11	Why do doctors suggest that people get a flu vaccine each year?	{ "text": [ "Viruses replicate more rapidly over time.", "Viruses can mutate from year to year.", "Vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year.", "Vaccines get stronger over time." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Viruses replicate more rapidly over time.", "B: Viruses can mutate from year to year.", "C: Vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year.", "D: Vaccines get stronger over time." ]
MCAS_2008_5_5627	Which of the following events involves a consumer and producer in a food chain?	{ "text": [ "A cat eats a mouse.", "A deer eats a leaf.", "A hawk eats a mouse.", "A snake eats a rat." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: A cat eats a mouse.", "B: A deer eats a leaf.", "C: A hawk eats a mouse.", "D: A snake eats a rat." ]
MCAS_2002_5_5	The change from day to night on Earth can be explained by	{ "text": [ "the movement of the Sun.", "the rotation of Earth.", "the movement of the Moon.", "the tilt of Earth." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: the movement of the Sun.", "B: the rotation of Earth.", "C: the movement of the Moon.", "D: the tilt of Earth." ]
VASoL_2010_3_17	Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle?	{ "text": [ "Seat", "Frame", "Foot pedal", "Kickstand" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Seat", "B: Frame", "C: Foot pedal", "D: Kickstand" ]
Mercury_183785	When animals use energy, what is always produced?	{ "text": [ "sugar", "heat", "oxygen", "starch" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: sugar", "B: heat", "C: oxygen", "D: starch" ]
MCAS_2008_5_5643	Which type of rock is formed when hot lava cools?	{ "text": [ "coal", "igneous", "limestone", "metamorphic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: coal", "B: igneous", "C: limestone", "D: metamorphic" ]
Mercury_SC_406481	Which environmental factor would most likely prevent an orange tree from surviving in the desert?	{ "text": [ "the lack of moisture", "the high levels of heat", "the extra amount of wind", "the low levels of sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the lack of moisture", "B: the high levels of heat", "C: the extra amount of wind", "D: the low levels of sunlight" ]
AKDE&ED_2008_4_17	After a rainstorm, a big pile of rocks blocks part of a mountain road. Which event most likely caused the rocks to move onto the road?	{ "text": [ "a tsunami", "a blizzard", "a landslide", "a hurricane" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: a tsunami", "B: a blizzard", "C: a landslide", "D: a hurricane" ]
Mercury_7037293	What would be the result of adding one proton to an atom?	{ "text": [ "one electron would be added", "the atomic number would change", "the total mass of the atom would decrease", "the electrical charge would become neutral" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: one electron would be added", "B: the atomic number would change", "C: the total mass of the atom would decrease", "D: the electrical charge would become neutral" ]
Mercury_7004095	What would be the best source to find information about DNA testing?	{ "text": [ "local newspaper", "TV news report", "scientific journals", "world almanac" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: local newspaper", "B: TV news report", "C: scientific journals", "D: world almanac" ]
Mercury_7037625	In what section of Earth do earthquakes happen?	{ "text": [ "crust", "mantle", "inner core", "outer core" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: crust", "B: mantle", "C: inner core", "D: outer core" ]
Mercury_7142135	A complete fossil has been found of a type of bird that cannot be identified. What can most likely be determined about the bird from the fossil?	{ "text": [ "The bird lived for a very short time.", "The bird lived in a dry environment.", "The bird existed at one time but is now extinct.", "The bird was not well preserved during the process of fossilization." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The bird lived for a very short time.", "B: The bird lived in a dry environment.", "C: The bird existed at one time but is now extinct.", "D: The bird was not well preserved during the process of fossilization." ]
Mercury_SC_400570	When large areas of the rainforests are cleared and burned, climate can be affected. Which best explains how rainforest destruction can contribute to the greenhouse effect?	{ "text": [ "by threatening native plants and animals", "by increasing the rate of soil erosion", "by increasing the water levels in oceans", "by releasing carbon into the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: by threatening native plants and animals", "B: by increasing the rate of soil erosion", "C: by increasing the water levels in oceans", "D: by releasing carbon into the atmosphere" ]
Mercury_7103285	Which information is used in a station model?	{ "text": [ "yearly average precipitation", "daily average barometric pressure", "number of lightning strikes", "wind direction in a particular point and time" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: yearly average precipitation", "B: daily average barometric pressure", "C: number of lightning strikes", "D: wind direction in a particular point and time" ]
MCAS_2012_5_23624	Which part of a plant is most responsible for using energy from the Sun to produce food for the plant?	{ "text": [ "flower", "leaf", "root", "stem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: flower", "B: leaf", "C: root", "D: stem" ]
Mercury_SC_402099	Which natural formation is the best example of the result of both constructive and destructive forces such as weathering, erosion, and deposition of sediment?	{ "text": [ "The Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "The Grand Canyon", "The Mojave Desert", "The Himalayan Mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "B: The Grand Canyon", "C: The Mojave Desert", "D: The Himalayan Mountains" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_16	Which characteristic helps a fox find food?	{ "text": [ "sense of smell", "thick fur", "long tail", "pointed teeth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: sense of smell", "B: thick fur", "C: long tail", "D: pointed teeth" ]
Mercury_400815	Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disorder. If only one gene is present, an individual is a carrier. What is the probability of two healthy Tay-Sachs carriers having a child that has the disease?	{ "text": [ "0%", "25%", "50%", "75%" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: 0%", "B: 25%", "C: 50%", "D: 75%" ]
Mercury_7163660	Two identical lamps contain the same amount of different types of oil. They are allowed to burn until all the oil has been burned. Which measurement will best provide the total difference in chemical energy between the two oils?	{ "text": [ "final weight of lamp", "original volume of oil", "time it took for lamps to use oil", "height of flame produced by lamp" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: final weight of lamp", "B: original volume of oil", "C: time it took for lamps to use oil", "D: height of flame produced by lamp" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_12	Which disease is a result of abnormal cell division?	{ "text": [ "AIDS", "cancer", "chicken pox", "common cold" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: AIDS", "2: cancer", "3: chicken pox", "4: common cold" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_13	During which season of the year would a rabbit's fur be thickest?	{ "text": [ "fall", "spring", "summer", "winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: fall", "B: spring", "C: summer", "D: winter" ]
Mercury_7001838	Which property of an element is determined by adding the number of protons and number of neutrons?	{ "text": [ "atomic mass", "atomic radius", "electrical charge", "electrical potential" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: atomic mass", "B: atomic radius", "C: electrical charge", "D: electrical potential" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10349	Which of these cycles takes 24 hours?	{ "text": [ "Earth rotating on its axis", "Earth revolving around the Sun", "the Moon rotating on its axis", "the Moon revolving around Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Earth rotating on its axis", "B: Earth revolving around the Sun", "C: the Moon rotating on its axis", "D: the Moon revolving around Earth" ]
MCAS_1998_8_9	Lemon juice turns litmus paper red, is corrosive and tastes sour. Lemon juice is classified as	{ "text": [ "an acid.", "a base.", "an element.", "More information is needed to classify lemon juice." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: an acid.", "B: a base.", "C: an element.", "D: More information is needed to classify lemon juice." ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10788	A child walks across a carpet and generates an electrical charge. The child will get a slight shock by touching a	{ "text": [ "metal doorknob.", "plastic toy.", "rubber ball.", "wooden block." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: metal doorknob.", "B: plastic toy.", "C: rubber ball.", "D: wooden block." ]
TIMSS_2003_4_pg33	Which animal eats only plants?	{ "text": [ "Cat", "Dog", "Lion", "Rabbit" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Cat", "B: Dog", "C: Lion", "D: Rabbit" ]
Mercury_SC_400682	A newborn kangaroo has the ability to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk. This is an example of	{ "text": [ "migration.", "an instinct.", "hibernation.", "a learned behavior." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: migration.", "B: an instinct.", "C: hibernation.", "D: a learned behavior." ]
Mercury_401657	Which characteristic is shared by Earth and the Moon?	{ "text": [ "glaciers", "flowing water", "an atmosphere that contains oxygen", "an orbit created by the force of gravity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: glaciers", "B: flowing water", "C: an atmosphere that contains oxygen", "D: an orbit created by the force of gravity" ]
MSA_2013_5_46	The Piedmont and Coastal Plains regions in Maryland produce crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, tobacco, tomatoes, and apples. Which environmental factor most likely influences which crops are grown in these regions?	{ "text": [ "soil quality", "wind speeds", "bird migration", "water temperature" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: soil quality", "B: wind speeds", "C: bird migration", "D: water temperature" ]
Mercury_7135450	Which organ system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment?	{ "text": [ "circulatory", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: circulatory", "B: excretory", "C: immune", "D: respiratory" ]
Mercury_7212135	Which of these will always produce a magnetic field?	{ "text": [ "a bar of steel", "a bar of aluminum", "an electric current", "an electric charge" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: a bar of steel", "B: a bar of aluminum", "C: an electric current", "D: an electric charge" ]
Mercury_7162628	The periodic table provides information about the atoms of different elements. Which is a characteristic of an atom determines what element it is?	{ "text": [ "number of neutrons", "number of protons", "state of matter", "atomic mass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: number of neutrons", "B: number of protons", "C: state of matter", "D: atomic mass" ]
Mercury_401734	Joel made some measurements and recorded this data: Sample 1 - 45 mL Sample 2 - 15 mL Sample 3 - 30 mL Sample 4 - 20 mL Which of these tools would most likely have been used to obtain these measurements?	{ "text": [ "test tube", "meter stick", "spring scale", "graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: test tube", "B: meter stick", "C: spring scale", "D: graduated cylinder" ]
Mercury_7057278	A teacher demonstrates a chemical reaction. A student observes that the test tube in which the reaction occurs becomes warm. What is the source of the thermal energy generated by the reaction?	{ "text": [ "energy stored in the reactants", "breaking bonds of the reactants", "kinetic energy absorbed by the reaction", "potential energy absorbed by the reaction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: energy stored in the reactants", "B: breaking bonds of the reactants", "C: kinetic energy absorbed by the reaction", "D: potential energy absorbed by the reaction" ]
Mercury_175875	Deer provide food for wolves. How does this relationship also benefit the deer herd?	{ "text": [ "by protecting deer from other predators", "by controlling the deer population", "by decreasing diversity within the herd", "by protecting the deer from disease" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: by protecting deer from other predators", "B: by controlling the deer population", "C: by decreasing diversity within the herd", "D: by protecting the deer from disease" ]
Mercury_401003	In what way does society benefit from research on diseases?	{ "text": [ "New illnesses will develop.", "Doctors will visit their patients at home.", "More families will move closer to hospitals.", "Many illnesses will be prevented or cured." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: New illnesses will develop.", "B: Doctors will visit their patients at home.", "C: More families will move closer to hospitals.", "D: Many illnesses will be prevented or cured." ]
Mercury_7064593	Which energy transformation takes place in a gasoline lawn mower?	{ "text": [ "potential energy to electrical energy", "electrical energy to potential energy", "kinetic energy to chemical energy", "chemical energy to mechanical energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: potential energy to electrical energy", "B: electrical energy to potential energy", "C: kinetic energy to chemical energy", "D: chemical energy to mechanical energy" ]
Mercury_181195	Which of the following can only be seen with a telescope?	{ "text": [ "the moon-like phases of Venus", "the phases of Earth's moon", "a lunar eclipse", "a solar eclipse" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the moon-like phases of Venus", "B: the phases of Earth's moon", "C: a lunar eclipse", "D: a solar eclipse" ]
Mercury_404104	The rocks that form most of the Sierra Nevada are granitic rocks. This means that the mountains were most likely formed by	{ "text": [ "strike-slip faults.", "transform boundaries.", "volcanic activity.", "land subsidence." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: strike-slip faults.", "B: transform boundaries.", "C: volcanic activity.", "D: land subsidence." ]
ACTAAP_2015_5_3	In 1872, the United States created a national park called Yellowstone. The park includes more than two million acres in the three states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Which statement best explains why national parks have a positive effect on ecosystems?	{ "text": [ "National parks limit people from seeing wildlife.", "National parks limit mining, logging, and hunting.", "National parks protect land for farmers and ranchers.", "National parks protect land for people to build houses." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: National parks limit people from seeing wildlife.", "B: National parks limit mining, logging, and hunting.", "C: National parks protect land for farmers and ranchers.", "D: National parks protect land for people to build houses." ]
Mercury_7245508	According to the endosymbiotic theory, double-membrane mitochondria originated as a result of some larger eukaryotic cells with flexible membranes engulfing smaller prokaryotic cells. Which of these explains where the outer layer of the double membrane of the mitochondria originated?	{ "text": [ "the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic host", "the nuclear membrane of the eukaryotic host", "the ribosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the lysosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic host", "B: the nuclear membrane of the eukaryotic host", "C: the ribosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell", "D: the lysosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell" ]
Mercury_7163223	Toni got a cut on her arm while playing in a softball game. A few weeks later, the cut was healed. Which process is most responsible for repairing the cut?	{ "text": [ "signals transported by nerve cells", "exchange of oxygen in the lungs", "transport of waste by blood", "reproduction of skin cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: signals transported by nerve cells", "B: exchange of oxygen in the lungs", "C: transport of waste by blood", "D: reproduction of skin cells" ]
MCAS_2008_8_5717	A pot of cold water was heated on a stove until the water boiled. Which of the following best explains why the water was able to boil?	{ "text": [ "The hot stove absorbed cold from the pot.", "The cold water absorbed heat from the pot.", "The hot stove gave off heat to the surrounding air.", "The cold water gave off cold to the surrounding air." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: The hot stove absorbed cold from the pot.", "B: The cold water absorbed heat from the pot.", "C: The hot stove gave off heat to the surrounding air.", "D: The cold water gave off cold to the surrounding air." ]
Mercury_7216475	A spring-fed stream forms a pond that contains watercress plants, minnows, and crayfish. The pond receives 5 hours of direct sunlight every day. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in this ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "the pond water", "the watercress plants", "the minnows", "the crayfish" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the pond water", "B: the watercress plants", "C: the minnows", "D: the crayfish" ]
Mercury_7042525	A modern theory of the origin of the universe proposes that the first atoms formed were primarily atoms of which element?	{ "text": [ "iron", "carbon", "helium", "hydrogen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: iron", "B: carbon", "C: helium", "D: hydrogen" ]
Mercury_LBS10300	A star is a large astronomical body that	{ "text": [ "reflects light.", "condenses light.", "emits light.", "absorbs light." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: reflects light.", "B: condenses light.", "C: emits light.", "D: absorbs light." ]
TIMSS_2003_4_pg16	What happens to water when it boils?	{ "text": [ "It changes color.", "It becomes heavier.", "It changes into water vapor.", "It stops bubbling." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: It changes color.", "B: It becomes heavier.", "C: It changes into water vapor.", "D: It stops bubbling." ]
MCAS_2008_8_5700	Ms. Bristol measured the mass of a closed beaker containing several ice cubes. The mass was 100 g. An hour later, after the ice cubes had melted, Ms. Bristol measured the mass of the beaker again. What was the mass of the beaker of water the second time?	{ "text": [ "50 g", "75 g", "100 g", "125 g" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: 50 g", "B: 75 g", "C: 100 g", "D: 125 g" ]
Mercury_7128905	A student has two solid samples of the same substance. Which property do the substances most likely have in common?	{ "text": [ "density", "mass", "shape", "volume" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: density", "B: mass", "C: shape", "D: volume" ]
Mercury_7121940	In which object does chemical energy most likely transform into electrical energy?	{ "text": [ "a candle", "a mirror", "a flashlight", "a television" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: a candle", "B: a mirror", "C: a flashlight", "D: a television" ]
Mercury_401696	What is the mass number of an atom with 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons?	{ "text": [ "17", "34", "35", "52" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: 17", "B: 34", "C: 35", "D: 52" ]
Mercury_SC_411901	Some machines can remove the salt that is in seawater. How does removing salt from seawater most help people?	{ "text": [ "provides useable drinking water", "creates cleaner water for rivers", "enables more fish to live in lake water", "allows more plants to grow along rivers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: provides useable drinking water", "B: creates cleaner water for rivers", "C: enables more fish to live in lake water", "D: allows more plants to grow along rivers" ]
Mercury_7083440	Which body system is most affected by a disease that causes the bones to become weak and brittle?	{ "text": [ "excretory", "muscular", "skeletal", "nervous" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: excretory", "B: muscular", "C: skeletal", "D: nervous" ]
TIMSS_2011_8_pg34	Why can a small fire be put out by placing a heavy blanket over it?	{ "text": [ "This lowers the temperature.", "This makes the flames smaller.", "This absorbs the burning substance.", "This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: This lowers the temperature.", "B: This makes the flames smaller.", "C: This absorbs the burning substance.", "D: This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire." ]
MCAS_1999_4_36	There is a river at the base of Mount Tom. In the spring the water level is usually very high. In the summer it is lower. The higher level of water during the spring comes from	{ "text": [ "hurricanes.", "melting snow.", "tornadoes.", "evaporating water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: hurricanes.", "B: melting snow.", "C: tornadoes.", "D: evaporating water." ]
MDSA_2010_8_33	Earthquake waves are recorded by seismograph machines. What does an earthquake wave transmit?	{ "text": [ "energy", "light", "particles", "speed" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: energy", "B: light", "C: particles", "D: speed" ]
MDSA_2008_5_38	The snowshoe hare was once common in Maryland. In 1986, researchers in the state noted that the snowshoe hare was no longer found in Maryland. Which statement best explains why the snowshoe hare is no longer found in Maryland?	{ "text": [ "Water quality has improved.", "There are too many trees.", "The temperature is too cold.", "Housing developments have replaced fields." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Water quality has improved.", "B: There are too many trees.", "C: The temperature is too cold.", "D: Housing developments have replaced fields." ]
Mercury_7245858	In the initial stages of manned space exploration, scientists needed to address adequate nutrition to provide astronauts with energy throughout the mission. Which of these criteria could not be used when considering food and energy for astronauts during manned space flights?	{ "text": [ "history of space food", "food crumbs in zero gravity", "rehydration of certain foods", "food storage for long periods" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: history of space food", "B: food crumbs in zero gravity", "C: rehydration of certain foods", "D: food storage for long periods" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_10	Which is the best example of evaporation?	{ "text": [ "raindrops freezing", "an ice cube melting", "a puddle drying in the sun", "a sponge soaking up water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: raindrops freezing", "B: an ice cube melting", "C: a puddle drying in the sun", "D: a sponge soaking up water" ]
Mercury_7163293	In a forest community, trees produce leaves that can be eaten by deer. The leaves also fall to the forest floor during autumn. Fungi break the leaves down into nutrients that enter the soil. What is the decomposer in this forest community?	{ "text": [ "the soil", "the deer", "the trees", "the fungi" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: the soil", "B: the deer", "C: the trees", "D: the fungi" ]
Mercury_SC_401314	Compared to Earth, the Moon is	{ "text": [ "drier.", "larger.", "heavier.", "brighter." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: drier.", "B: larger.", "C: heavier.", "D: brighter." ]
Mercury_415687	What process forms an image in a mirror?	{ "text": [ "absorbing light", "reflecting light", "refracting light", "transmitting light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: absorbing light", "B: reflecting light", "C: refracting light", "D: transmitting light" ]
Mercury_402613	Which is an example of a physical change?	{ "text": [ "ice melting", "nail rusting", "bread baking", "wood burning" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: ice melting", "B: nail rusting", "C: bread baking", "D: wood burning" ]
MCAS_2005_9_5	Which of the following describes an object that must have a net negative charge?	{ "text": [ "It contains more molecules than atoms.", "It contains more electrons than protons.", "It is carrying an electric current.", "It is made of metal." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: It contains more molecules than atoms.", "B: It contains more electrons than protons.", "C: It is carrying an electric current.", "D: It is made of metal." ]
MCAS_2001_8_15	Rocks found on Earth are classified as sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous based on	{ "text": [ "where the rocks were found.", "how the rocks were formed.", "the composition of the rocks.", "the color and shape of the rocks." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: where the rocks were found.", "B: how the rocks were formed.", "C: the composition of the rocks.", "D: the color and shape of the rocks." ]
MCAS_2008_8_5690	Which of the following is formed when two elements combine chemically?	{ "text": [ "an atom", "a compound", "an electron", "a mixture" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: an atom", "B: a compound", "C: an electron", "D: a mixture" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_6

All matter is made up of particles called

{ "text": [ "cells", "molecules", "atoms", "compounds" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

[ "1: cells", "2: molecules", "3: atoms", "4: compounds" ]

TIMSS_2011_8_pg130

Which of the following energy conversions takes place in a battery-operated flashlight?

{ "text": [ "electrical -> mechanical -> light", "chemical -> mechanical -> light", "chemical -> electrical -> light", "nuclear -> electrical -> light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: electrical -> mechanical -> light", "B: chemical -> mechanical -> light", "C: chemical -> electrical -> light", "D: nuclear -> electrical -> light" ]

VASoL_2009_5_21

Which of these is most likely harmful to an ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "Building new homes in a wetland", "Taking away airplanes from an airport", "Planting trees in an orchard", "Adding floors to an office building" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Building new homes in a wetland", "B: Taking away airplanes from an airport", "C: Planting trees in an orchard", "D: Adding floors to an office building" ]

Mercury_SC_413443

Which units are best to measure the amount of rain that fell during a thunderstorm?

{ "text": [ "centimeters", "degrees Celsius", "grams", "seconds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: centimeters", "B: degrees Celsius", "C: grams", "D: seconds" ]

Mercury_SC_409151

Noah visited a park that had many oak trees. Which best describes the role of an oak tree in its ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "Oak trees can live for a long time.", "Oak trees have leaves that change colors.", "Oak trees have strong branches and trunks.", "Oak trees are a source of food and shelter for animals." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Oak trees can live for a long time.", "B: Oak trees have leaves that change colors.", "C: Oak trees have strong branches and trunks.", "D: Oak trees are a source of food and shelter for animals." ]

TAKS_2009_8_40

Which of these resources will most likely be depleted first?

{ "text": [ "Wind", "Solar energy", "Fossil fuels", "Water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Wind", "B: Solar energy", "C: Fossil fuels", "D: Water" ]

Mercury_7195195

When athletes begin to exercise, their heart rates and respiration rates increase. At what level of organization does the human body coordinate these functions?

{ "text": [ "at the tissue level", "at the organ level", "at the system level", "at the cellular level" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: at the tissue level", "B: at the organ level", "C: at the system level", "D: at the cellular level" ]

MDSA_2011_4_40

A student heated a pan of soup on a stove. While stirring the soup with a metal spoon, the student noticed the spoon became very warm. What is the most likely reason the spoon became warm?

{ "text": [ "The stirring action heated the spoon.", "Warm air in the room heated the spoon.", "Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon.", "The student's hand transferred heat to the spoon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The stirring action heated the spoon.", "B: Warm air in the room heated the spoon.", "C: Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon.", "D: The student's hand transferred heat to the spoon." ]

Mercury_SC_415398

Where does a landslide begin?

{ "text": [ "a low hill", "a plain", "a mountain", "a basin" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: a low hill", "B: a plain", "C: a mountain", "D: a basin" ]

MDSA_2007_5_38

Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Aluminum is a nonrenewable natural resource. Which of these methods of aluminum disposal is best for the environment?

{ "text": [ "burning it", "recycling it", "burying it in landfills", "crushing it before throwing it away" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: burning it", "B: recycling it", "C: burying it in landfills", "D: crushing it before throwing it away" ]

MCAS_2007_8_5158

Which of the following keeps the planets in our solar system in orbit around the Sun?

{ "text": [ "atmospheric pressure", "gravitational force", "electromagnetic energy", "thermal energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: atmospheric pressure", "B: gravitational force", "C: electromagnetic energy", "D: thermal energy" ]

Mercury_7006143

Which human organ system primarily exchanges gases between the body and the atmosphere?

{ "text": [ "excretory", "nervous", "skeletal", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: excretory", "B: nervous", "C: skeletal", "D: respiratory" ]

CSZ10286

Moving water was the most important factor in forming which of these?

{ "text": [ "the Grand Canyon", "San Andreas Fault", "the Rocky Mountains", "Mount St. Helens Volcano" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the Grand Canyon", "B: San Andreas Fault", "C: the Rocky Mountains", "D: Mount St. Helens Volcano" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_1

Which list contains only nonliving things?

{ "text": [ "coins, snakes, birds", "water, rocks, sunlight", "rubber ball, plants, house", "soil, fish, air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: coins, snakes, birds", "B: water, rocks, sunlight", "C: rubber ball, plants, house", "D: soil, fish, air" ]

Mercury_SC_400155

Which type of energy conversion occurs in a flashlight?

{ "text": [ "chemical to light", "mechanical to light", "electrical to chemical", "mechanical to chemical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: chemical to light", "B: mechanical to light", "C: electrical to chemical", "D: mechanical to chemical" ]

MEAP_2005_8_19

Rocks that contain fragments of bones, shells, and plant remains are most likely

{ "text": [ "crystals.", "igneous.", "sedimentary.", "metamorphic." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: crystals.", "B: igneous.", "C: sedimentary.", "D: metamorphic." ]

Mercury_7007980

Which reaction is endothermic?

{ "text": [ "cold pack", "coal burning", "striking a match", "charcoal grill fire" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: cold pack", "B: coal burning", "C: striking a match", "D: charcoal grill fire" ]

AKDE&ED_2008_4_7

Which property of water can cause a rock to break apart?

{ "text": [ "Water boiling at 100°C.", "Water losing energy slowly.", "Water expanding as it freezes.", "Water having a high surface tension." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Water boiling at 100°C.", "B: Water losing energy slowly.", "C: Water expanding as it freezes.", "D: Water having a high surface tension." ]

ACTAAP_2008_5_11

With a microscope, you see that an object has a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a nucleus. What is being observed?

{ "text": [ "a plant cell", "an animal cell", "a male organism", "a female organism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: a plant cell", "B: an animal cell", "C: a male organism", "D: a female organism" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_28

Which instrument would be best to measure the volume of a liquid?

{ "text": [ "a pan balance", "a stopwatch", "a thermometer", "a graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a pan balance", "B: a stopwatch", "C: a thermometer", "D: a graduated cylinder" ]

Mercury_7057558

Which part of an atom is involved in chemical reactions?

{ "text": [ "nucleus and its particles", "negatively-charged particles", "neutrally-charged particles", "positively-charged particles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: nucleus and its particles", "B: negatively-charged particles", "C: neutrally-charged particles", "D: positively-charged particles" ]

Mercury_SC_403008

Which tool is best used to collect information about the weather?

{ "text": [ "ruler", "stopwatch", "thermometer", "collecting net" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: ruler", "B: stopwatch", "C: thermometer", "D: collecting net" ]

Mercury_7106943

Which of these characteristics best helps scientists classify organisms?

{ "text": [ "size", "color", "gender", "structure" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: size", "B: color", "C: gender", "D: structure" ]

LEAP__7_10347

Which resource is most likely found in large amounts in forest ecosystems?

{ "text": [ "iron", "wood", "plastic", "petroleum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: iron", "B: wood", "C: plastic", "D: petroleum" ]

MCAS_2007_8_5184

Which of the following best describes a role of mushrooms in ecosystems?

{ "text": [ "capturing energy from sunlight", "consuming living plant material", "taking energy from animal hosts", "breaking down dead plant material" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: capturing energy from sunlight", "B: consuming living plant material", "C: taking energy from animal hosts", "D: breaking down dead plant material" ]

Mercury_7220868

A gardener wants to increase the ability of garden soil to retain water. Which of these should the gardener add to the soil?

{ "text": [ "coarse sand", "loose gravel", "nitrogen pellets", "organic material" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: coarse sand", "B: loose gravel", "C: nitrogen pellets", "D: organic material" ]

Mercury_SC_400010

In the life cycle of a fly, which stage comes after the larval stage?

{ "text": [ "egg", "adult", "nymph", "pupa" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: egg", "B: adult", "C: nymph", "D: pupa" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_26

In which example could a thermometer be used to show that heat energy is being transferred?

{ "text": [ "A piano is played by striking the keys.", "A shovel is used to move dirt from one place to another.", "A ball is thrown into the air.", "A stove is used to boil water in a pan." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: A piano is played by striking the keys.", "B: A shovel is used to move dirt from one place to another.", "C: A ball is thrown into the air.", "D: A stove is used to boil water in a pan." ]

Mercury_SC_401291

What is the most likely function of a turtle's hard shell?

{ "text": [ "convert energy", "increase speed", "provide protection", "allow for reproduction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: convert energy", "B: increase speed", "C: provide protection", "D: allow for reproduction" ]

Mercury_7092225

What is the main source of energy that causes water to evaporate from the surface of Earth?

{ "text": [ "lightning", "sun", "gravity", "wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: lightning", "B: sun", "C: gravity", "D: wind" ]

Mercury_7185588

Which terms can be used to describe the properties of both a wave and a particle of light?

{ "text": [ "charge and volume", "frequency and mass", "speed and frequency", "frequency and density" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: charge and volume", "B: frequency and mass", "C: speed and frequency", "D: frequency and density" ]

Mercury_SC_401631

To use energy from the Sun to power household appliances, the solar energy must be converted to

{ "text": [ "heat energy.", "light energy.", "nuclear energy.", "electrical energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: heat energy.", "B: light energy.", "C: nuclear energy.", "D: electrical energy." ]

Mercury_417571

The yellow-throated longclaw is a bird that lives on the dry savanna of Africa. It looks almost exactly like another bird, the western meadowlark of North America. Although the birds look very similar, they are not even in the same taxonomic family. Scientists think the birds look alike because the two species developed under similar environmental pressures, even though they developed thousands of miles apart. Which process does their development demonstrate?

{ "text": [ "sexual selection", "disruptive selection", "divergent evolution", "convergent evolution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: sexual selection", "B: disruptive selection", "C: divergent evolution", "D: convergent evolution" ]

Mercury_7148173

The reaction that releases energy for use by the cell occurs in which site?

{ "text": [ "Golgi apparatus", "endoplasmic reticulum", "cytoplasmic membrane", "mitochondrial membrane" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Golgi apparatus", "B: endoplasmic reticulum", "C: cytoplasmic membrane", "D: mitochondrial membrane" ]

NCEOGA_2013_8_11

Why do doctors suggest that people get a flu vaccine each year?

{ "text": [ "Viruses replicate more rapidly over time.", "Viruses can mutate from year to year.", "Vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year.", "Vaccines get stronger over time." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Viruses replicate more rapidly over time.", "B: Viruses can mutate from year to year.", "C: Vaccines are absorbed by the body after a year.", "D: Vaccines get stronger over time." ]

MCAS_2008_5_5627

Which of the following events involves a consumer and producer in a food chain?

{ "text": [ "A cat eats a mouse.", "A deer eats a leaf.", "A hawk eats a mouse.", "A snake eats a rat." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: A cat eats a mouse.", "B: A deer eats a leaf.", "C: A hawk eats a mouse.", "D: A snake eats a rat." ]

MCAS_2002_5_5

The change from day to night on Earth can be explained by

{ "text": [ "the movement of the Sun.", "the rotation of Earth.", "the movement of the Moon.", "the tilt of Earth." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: the movement of the Sun.", "B: the rotation of Earth.", "C: the movement of the Moon.", "D: the tilt of Earth." ]

VASoL_2010_3_17

Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle?

{ "text": [ "Seat", "Frame", "Foot pedal", "Kickstand" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Seat", "B: Frame", "C: Foot pedal", "D: Kickstand" ]

Mercury_183785

When animals use energy, what is always produced?

{ "text": [ "sugar", "heat", "oxygen", "starch" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: sugar", "B: heat", "C: oxygen", "D: starch" ]

MCAS_2008_5_5643

Which type of rock is formed when hot lava cools?

{ "text": [ "coal", "igneous", "limestone", "metamorphic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: coal", "B: igneous", "C: limestone", "D: metamorphic" ]

Mercury_SC_406481

Which environmental factor would most likely prevent an orange tree from surviving in the desert?

{ "text": [ "the lack of moisture", "the high levels of heat", "the extra amount of wind", "the low levels of sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the lack of moisture", "B: the high levels of heat", "C: the extra amount of wind", "D: the low levels of sunlight" ]

AKDE&ED_2008_4_17

After a rainstorm, a big pile of rocks blocks part of a mountain road. Which event most likely caused the rocks to move onto the road?

{ "text": [ "a tsunami", "a blizzard", "a landslide", "a hurricane" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: a tsunami", "B: a blizzard", "C: a landslide", "D: a hurricane" ]

Mercury_7037293

What would be the result of adding one proton to an atom?

{ "text": [ "one electron would be added", "the atomic number would change", "the total mass of the atom would decrease", "the electrical charge would become neutral" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: one electron would be added", "B: the atomic number would change", "C: the total mass of the atom would decrease", "D: the electrical charge would become neutral" ]

Mercury_7004095

What would be the best source to find information about DNA testing?

{ "text": [ "local newspaper", "TV news report", "scientific journals", "world almanac" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: local newspaper", "B: TV news report", "C: scientific journals", "D: world almanac" ]

Mercury_7037625

In what section of Earth do earthquakes happen?

{ "text": [ "crust", "mantle", "inner core", "outer core" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: crust", "B: mantle", "C: inner core", "D: outer core" ]

Mercury_7142135

A complete fossil has been found of a type of bird that cannot be identified. What can most likely be determined about the bird from the fossil?

{ "text": [ "The bird lived for a very short time.", "The bird lived in a dry environment.", "The bird existed at one time but is now extinct.", "The bird was not well preserved during the process of fossilization." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The bird lived for a very short time.", "B: The bird lived in a dry environment.", "C: The bird existed at one time but is now extinct.", "D: The bird was not well preserved during the process of fossilization." ]

Mercury_SC_400570

When large areas of the rainforests are cleared and burned, climate can be affected. Which best explains how rainforest destruction can contribute to the greenhouse effect?

{ "text": [ "by threatening native plants and animals", "by increasing the rate of soil erosion", "by increasing the water levels in oceans", "by releasing carbon into the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: by threatening native plants and animals", "B: by increasing the rate of soil erosion", "C: by increasing the water levels in oceans", "D: by releasing carbon into the atmosphere" ]

Mercury_7103285

Which information is used in a station model?

{ "text": [ "yearly average precipitation", "daily average barometric pressure", "number of lightning strikes", "wind direction in a particular point and time" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: yearly average precipitation", "B: daily average barometric pressure", "C: number of lightning strikes", "D: wind direction in a particular point and time" ]

MCAS_2012_5_23624

Which part of a plant is most responsible for using energy from the Sun to produce food for the plant?

{ "text": [ "flower", "leaf", "root", "stem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: flower", "B: leaf", "C: root", "D: stem" ]

Mercury_SC_402099

Which natural formation is the best example of the result of both constructive and destructive forces such as weathering, erosion, and deposition of sediment?

{ "text": [ "The Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "The Grand Canyon", "The Mojave Desert", "The Himalayan Mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "B: The Grand Canyon", "C: The Mojave Desert", "D: The Himalayan Mountains" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_16

Which characteristic helps a fox find food?

{ "text": [ "sense of smell", "thick fur", "long tail", "pointed teeth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: sense of smell", "B: thick fur", "C: long tail", "D: pointed teeth" ]

Mercury_400815

Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disorder. If only one gene is present, an individual is a carrier. What is the probability of two healthy Tay-Sachs carriers having a child that has the disease?

{ "text": [ "0%", "25%", "50%", "75%" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: 0%", "B: 25%", "C: 50%", "D: 75%" ]

Mercury_7163660

Two identical lamps contain the same amount of different types of oil. They are allowed to burn until all the oil has been burned. Which measurement will best provide the total difference in chemical energy between the two oils?

{ "text": [ "final weight of lamp", "original volume of oil", "time it took for lamps to use oil", "height of flame produced by lamp" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: final weight of lamp", "B: original volume of oil", "C: time it took for lamps to use oil", "D: height of flame produced by lamp" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_12

Which disease is a result of abnormal cell division?

{ "text": [ "AIDS", "cancer", "chicken pox", "common cold" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: AIDS", "2: cancer", "3: chicken pox", "4: common cold" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_13

During which season of the year would a rabbit's fur be thickest?

{ "text": [ "fall", "spring", "summer", "winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: fall", "B: spring", "C: summer", "D: winter" ]

Mercury_7001838

Which property of an element is determined by adding the number of protons and number of neutrons?

{ "text": [ "atomic mass", "atomic radius", "electrical charge", "electrical potential" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: atomic mass", "B: atomic radius", "C: electrical charge", "D: electrical potential" ]

Mercury_SC_LBS10349

Which of these cycles takes 24 hours?

{ "text": [ "Earth rotating on its axis", "Earth revolving around the Sun", "the Moon rotating on its axis", "the Moon revolving around Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Earth rotating on its axis", "B: Earth revolving around the Sun", "C: the Moon rotating on its axis", "D: the Moon revolving around Earth" ]

MCAS_1998_8_9

Lemon juice turns litmus paper red, is corrosive and tastes sour. Lemon juice is classified as

{ "text": [ "an acid.", "a base.", "an element.", "More information is needed to classify lemon juice." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: an acid.", "B: a base.", "C: an element.", "D: More information is needed to classify lemon juice." ]

Mercury_SC_LBS10788

A child walks across a carpet and generates an electrical charge. The child will get a slight shock by touching a

{ "text": [ "metal doorknob.", "plastic toy.", "rubber ball.", "wooden block." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: metal doorknob.", "B: plastic toy.", "C: rubber ball.", "D: wooden block." ]

TIMSS_2003_4_pg33

Which animal eats only plants?

{ "text": [ "Cat", "Dog", "Lion", "Rabbit" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Cat", "B: Dog", "C: Lion", "D: Rabbit" ]

Mercury_SC_400682

A newborn kangaroo has the ability to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk. This is an example of

{ "text": [ "migration.", "an instinct.", "hibernation.", "a learned behavior." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: migration.", "B: an instinct.", "C: hibernation.", "D: a learned behavior." ]

Mercury_401657

Which characteristic is shared by Earth and the Moon?

{ "text": [ "glaciers", "flowing water", "an atmosphere that contains oxygen", "an orbit created by the force of gravity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: glaciers", "B: flowing water", "C: an atmosphere that contains oxygen", "D: an orbit created by the force of gravity" ]

MSA_2013_5_46

The Piedmont and Coastal Plains regions in Maryland produce crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, tobacco, tomatoes, and apples. Which environmental factor most likely influences which crops are grown in these regions?

{ "text": [ "soil quality", "wind speeds", "bird migration", "water temperature" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: soil quality", "B: wind speeds", "C: bird migration", "D: water temperature" ]

Mercury_7135450

Which organ system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment?

{ "text": [ "circulatory", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: circulatory", "B: excretory", "C: immune", "D: respiratory" ]

Mercury_7212135

Which of these will always produce a magnetic field?

{ "text": [ "a bar of steel", "a bar of aluminum", "an electric current", "an electric charge" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: a bar of steel", "B: a bar of aluminum", "C: an electric current", "D: an electric charge" ]

Mercury_7162628

The periodic table provides information about the atoms of different elements. Which is a characteristic of an atom determines what element it is?

{ "text": [ "number of neutrons", "number of protons", "state of matter", "atomic mass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: number of neutrons", "B: number of protons", "C: state of matter", "D: atomic mass" ]

Mercury_401734

Joel made some measurements and recorded this data: Sample 1 - 45 mL Sample 2 - 15 mL Sample 3 - 30 mL Sample 4 - 20 mL Which of these tools would most likely have been used to obtain these measurements?

{ "text": [ "test tube", "meter stick", "spring scale", "graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: test tube", "B: meter stick", "C: spring scale", "D: graduated cylinder" ]

Mercury_7057278

A teacher demonstrates a chemical reaction. A student observes that the test tube in which the reaction occurs becomes warm. What is the source of the thermal energy generated by the reaction?

{ "text": [ "energy stored in the reactants", "breaking bonds of the reactants", "kinetic energy absorbed by the reaction", "potential energy absorbed by the reaction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: energy stored in the reactants", "B: breaking bonds of the reactants", "C: kinetic energy absorbed by the reaction", "D: potential energy absorbed by the reaction" ]

Mercury_175875

Deer provide food for wolves. How does this relationship also benefit the deer herd?

{ "text": [ "by protecting deer from other predators", "by controlling the deer population", "by decreasing diversity within the herd", "by protecting the deer from disease" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: by protecting deer from other predators", "B: by controlling the deer population", "C: by decreasing diversity within the herd", "D: by protecting the deer from disease" ]

Mercury_401003

In what way does society benefit from research on diseases?

{ "text": [ "New illnesses will develop.", "Doctors will visit their patients at home.", "More families will move closer to hospitals.", "Many illnesses will be prevented or cured." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: New illnesses will develop.", "B: Doctors will visit their patients at home.", "C: More families will move closer to hospitals.", "D: Many illnesses will be prevented or cured." ]

Mercury_7064593

Which energy transformation takes place in a gasoline lawn mower?

{ "text": [ "potential energy to electrical energy", "electrical energy to potential energy", "kinetic energy to chemical energy", "chemical energy to mechanical energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: potential energy to electrical energy", "B: electrical energy to potential energy", "C: kinetic energy to chemical energy", "D: chemical energy to mechanical energy" ]

Mercury_181195

Which of the following can only be seen with a telescope?

{ "text": [ "the moon-like phases of Venus", "the phases of Earth's moon", "a lunar eclipse", "a solar eclipse" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the moon-like phases of Venus", "B: the phases of Earth's moon", "C: a lunar eclipse", "D: a solar eclipse" ]

Mercury_404104

The rocks that form most of the Sierra Nevada are granitic rocks. This means that the mountains were most likely formed by

{ "text": [ "strike-slip faults.", "transform boundaries.", "volcanic activity.", "land subsidence." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: strike-slip faults.", "B: transform boundaries.", "C: volcanic activity.", "D: land subsidence." ]

ACTAAP_2015_5_3

In 1872, the United States created a national park called Yellowstone. The park includes more than two million acres in the three states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Which statement best explains why national parks have a positive effect on ecosystems?

{ "text": [ "National parks limit people from seeing wildlife.", "National parks limit mining, logging, and hunting.", "National parks protect land for farmers and ranchers.", "National parks protect land for people to build houses." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: National parks limit people from seeing wildlife.", "B: National parks limit mining, logging, and hunting.", "C: National parks protect land for farmers and ranchers.", "D: National parks protect land for people to build houses." ]

Mercury_7245508

According to the endosymbiotic theory, double-membrane mitochondria originated as a result of some larger eukaryotic cells with flexible membranes engulfing smaller prokaryotic cells. Which of these explains where the outer layer of the double membrane of the mitochondria originated?

{ "text": [ "the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic host", "the nuclear membrane of the eukaryotic host", "the ribosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the lysosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic host", "B: the nuclear membrane of the eukaryotic host", "C: the ribosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell", "D: the lysosomes of the engulfed prokaryotic cell" ]

Mercury_7163223

Toni got a cut on her arm while playing in a softball game. A few weeks later, the cut was healed. Which process is most responsible for repairing the cut?

{ "text": [ "signals transported by nerve cells", "exchange of oxygen in the lungs", "transport of waste by blood", "reproduction of skin cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: signals transported by nerve cells", "B: exchange of oxygen in the lungs", "C: transport of waste by blood", "D: reproduction of skin cells" ]

MCAS_2008_8_5717

A pot of cold water was heated on a stove until the water boiled. Which of the following best explains why the water was able to boil?

{ "text": [ "The hot stove absorbed cold from the pot.", "The cold water absorbed heat from the pot.", "The hot stove gave off heat to the surrounding air.", "The cold water gave off cold to the surrounding air." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: The hot stove absorbed cold from the pot.", "B: The cold water absorbed heat from the pot.", "C: The hot stove gave off heat to the surrounding air.", "D: The cold water gave off cold to the surrounding air." ]

Mercury_7216475

A spring-fed stream forms a pond that contains watercress plants, minnows, and crayfish. The pond receives 5 hours of direct sunlight every day. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in this ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "the pond water", "the watercress plants", "the minnows", "the crayfish" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the pond water", "B: the watercress plants", "C: the minnows", "D: the crayfish" ]

Mercury_7042525

A modern theory of the origin of the universe proposes that the first atoms formed were primarily atoms of which element?

{ "text": [ "iron", "carbon", "helium", "hydrogen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: iron", "B: carbon", "C: helium", "D: hydrogen" ]

Mercury_LBS10300

A star is a large astronomical body that

{ "text": [ "reflects light.", "condenses light.", "emits light.", "absorbs light." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: reflects light.", "B: condenses light.", "C: emits light.", "D: absorbs light." ]

TIMSS_2003_4_pg16

What happens to water when it boils?

{ "text": [ "It changes color.", "It becomes heavier.", "It changes into water vapor.", "It stops bubbling." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: It changes color.", "B: It becomes heavier.", "C: It changes into water vapor.", "D: It stops bubbling." ]

MCAS_2008_8_5700

Ms. Bristol measured the mass of a closed beaker containing several ice cubes. The mass was 100 g. An hour later, after the ice cubes had melted, Ms. Bristol measured the mass of the beaker again. What was the mass of the beaker of water the second time?

{ "text": [ "50 g", "75 g", "100 g", "125 g" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: 50 g", "B: 75 g", "C: 100 g", "D: 125 g" ]

Mercury_7128905

A student has two solid samples of the same substance. Which property do the substances most likely have in common?

{ "text": [ "density", "mass", "shape", "volume" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: density", "B: mass", "C: shape", "D: volume" ]

Mercury_7121940

In which object does chemical energy most likely transform into electrical energy?

{ "text": [ "a candle", "a mirror", "a flashlight", "a television" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: a candle", "B: a mirror", "C: a flashlight", "D: a television" ]

Mercury_401696

What is the mass number of an atom with 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons?

{ "text": [ "17", "34", "35", "52" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: 17", "B: 34", "C: 35", "D: 52" ]

Mercury_SC_411901

Some machines can remove the salt that is in seawater. How does removing salt from seawater most help people?

{ "text": [ "provides useable drinking water", "creates cleaner water for rivers", "enables more fish to live in lake water", "allows more plants to grow along rivers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: provides useable drinking water", "B: creates cleaner water for rivers", "C: enables more fish to live in lake water", "D: allows more plants to grow along rivers" ]

Mercury_7083440

Which body system is most affected by a disease that causes the bones to become weak and brittle?

{ "text": [ "excretory", "muscular", "skeletal", "nervous" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: excretory", "B: muscular", "C: skeletal", "D: nervous" ]

TIMSS_2011_8_pg34

Why can a small fire be put out by placing a heavy blanket over it?

{ "text": [ "This lowers the temperature.", "This makes the flames smaller.", "This absorbs the burning substance.", "This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: This lowers the temperature.", "B: This makes the flames smaller.", "C: This absorbs the burning substance.", "D: This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire." ]

MCAS_1999_4_36

There is a river at the base of Mount Tom. In the spring the water level is usually very high. In the summer it is lower. The higher level of water during the spring comes from

{ "text": [ "hurricanes.", "melting snow.", "tornadoes.", "evaporating water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: hurricanes.", "B: melting snow.", "C: tornadoes.", "D: evaporating water." ]

MDSA_2010_8_33

Earthquake waves are recorded by seismograph machines. What does an earthquake wave transmit?

{ "text": [ "energy", "light", "particles", "speed" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: energy", "B: light", "C: particles", "D: speed" ]

MDSA_2008_5_38

The snowshoe hare was once common in Maryland. In 1986, researchers in the state noted that the snowshoe hare was no longer found in Maryland. Which statement best explains why the snowshoe hare is no longer found in Maryland?

{ "text": [ "Water quality has improved.", "There are too many trees.", "The temperature is too cold.", "Housing developments have replaced fields." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Water quality has improved.", "B: There are too many trees.", "C: The temperature is too cold.", "D: Housing developments have replaced fields." ]

Mercury_7245858

In the initial stages of manned space exploration, scientists needed to address adequate nutrition to provide astronauts with energy throughout the mission. Which of these criteria could not be used when considering food and energy for astronauts during manned space flights?

{ "text": [ "history of space food", "food crumbs in zero gravity", "rehydration of certain foods", "food storage for long periods" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: history of space food", "B: food crumbs in zero gravity", "C: rehydration of certain foods", "D: food storage for long periods" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_10

Which is the best example of evaporation?

{ "text": [ "raindrops freezing", "an ice cube melting", "a puddle drying in the sun", "a sponge soaking up water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: raindrops freezing", "B: an ice cube melting", "C: a puddle drying in the sun", "D: a sponge soaking up water" ]

Mercury_7163293

In a forest community, trees produce leaves that can be eaten by deer. The leaves also fall to the forest floor during autumn. Fungi break the leaves down into nutrients that enter the soil. What is the decomposer in this forest community?

{ "text": [ "the soil", "the deer", "the trees", "the fungi" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: the soil", "B: the deer", "C: the trees", "D: the fungi" ]

Mercury_SC_401314

Compared to Earth, the Moon is

{ "text": [ "drier.", "larger.", "heavier.", "brighter." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: drier.", "B: larger.", "C: heavier.", "D: brighter." ]

Mercury_415687

What process forms an image in a mirror?

{ "text": [ "absorbing light", "reflecting light", "refracting light", "transmitting light" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: absorbing light", "B: reflecting light", "C: refracting light", "D: transmitting light" ]

Mercury_402613

Which is an example of a physical change?

{ "text": [ "ice melting", "nail rusting", "bread baking", "wood burning" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: ice melting", "B: nail rusting", "C: bread baking", "D: wood burning" ]

MCAS_2005_9_5

Which of the following describes an object that must have a net negative charge?

{ "text": [ "It contains more molecules than atoms.", "It contains more electrons than protons.", "It is carrying an electric current.", "It is made of metal." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: It contains more molecules than atoms.", "B: It contains more electrons than protons.", "C: It is carrying an electric current.", "D: It is made of metal." ]

MCAS_2001_8_15

Rocks found on Earth are classified as sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous based on

{ "text": [ "where the rocks were found.", "how the rocks were formed.", "the composition of the rocks.", "the color and shape of the rocks." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: where the rocks were found.", "B: how the rocks were formed.", "C: the composition of the rocks.", "D: the color and shape of the rocks." ]

MCAS_2008_8_5690

Which of the following is formed when two elements combine chemically?

{ "text": [ "an atom", "a compound", "an electron", "a mixture" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: an atom", "B: a compound", "C: an electron", "D: a mixture" ]