jeggers/ai2_arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 586	choices sequence	answerKey stringclasses 9 values	choices_sequence sequencelengths 3 5
Mercury_7267890	Why is some food dehydrated for astronauts to eat in space?	{ "text": [ "to make the food less messy to eat", "to preserve the food for extended flights", "to increase the food's nutritional content", "to keep the food from floating off the plate" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: to make the food less messy to eat", "B: to preserve the food for extended flights", "C: to increase the food's nutritional content", "D: to keep the food from floating off the plate" ]
MCAS_2006_9_15	Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a cool room of 15°C. Which of the following correctly compares perfume molecules at 25°C to those at 15°C?	{ "text": [ "At 25°C, they have more mass.", "At 25°C, they are moving faster.", "At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy.", "At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: At 25°C, they have more mass.", "B: At 25°C, they are moving faster.", "C: At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy.", "D: At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume." ]
Mercury_182123	Which of the following is believed to be one cause of global warming?	{ "text": [ "atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide", "hot air from air conditioner exhaust", "methane gas escaping from landfills", "body heat generated by overpopulation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide", "B: hot air from air conditioner exhaust", "C: methane gas escaping from landfills", "D: body heat generated by overpopulation" ]
Mercury_SC_402285	What product was being formed as plants died and sank to the bottom of swamps?	{ "text": [ "oil", "gas", "coal", "shale" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: oil", "B: gas", "C: coal", "D: shale" ]
Mercury_SC_400176	What is the approximate length of time it takes the Moon to complete one lunar cycle?	{ "text": [ "14 days", "29 days", "180 days", "365 days" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: 14 days", "B: 29 days", "C: 180 days", "D: 365 days" ]
Mercury_7206360	A line graph is best used when the measured variable is	{ "text": [ "changing at a constant rate.", "nearly equal in several trials.", "being compared to a control.", "observed at one point in time." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: changing at a constant rate.", "B: nearly equal in several trials.", "C: being compared to a control.", "D: observed at one point in time." ]
MDSA_2008_5_28	All living things need energy to survive. What is the primary source of energy for all living things?	{ "text": [ "plants", "the sun", "water", "the wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: plants", "B: the sun", "C: water", "D: the wind" ]
NCEOGA_2013_8_23	If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?	{ "text": [ "12 atoms of carbon [C]", "6 atoms of carbon [C]", "3 atoms of carbon [C]", "2 atoms of carbon [C]" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: 12 atoms of carbon [C]", "B: 6 atoms of carbon [C]", "C: 3 atoms of carbon [C]", "D: 2 atoms of carbon [C]" ]
Mercury_SC_401167	Which object refracts light?	{ "text": [ "mirror", "silver spoon", "foil", "glass prism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: mirror", "B: silver spoon", "C: foil", "D: glass prism" ]
Mercury_7213693	A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor?	{ "text": [ "circulatory system", "muscular system", "digestive system", "nervous system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: circulatory system", "B: muscular system", "C: digestive system", "D: nervous system" ]
Mercury_7267558	Which event becomes more likely during a drought in a prairie ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "fire", "tornado", "landslide", "earthquake" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: fire", "B: tornado", "C: landslide", "D: earthquake" ]
Mercury_7081235	When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should	{ "text": [ "collect their own data and rewrite the paper.", "evaluate the evidence in the paper.", "accept the paper as fact.", "ask the writer to write an alternate paper." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: collect their own data and rewrite the paper.", "B: evaluate the evidence in the paper.", "C: accept the paper as fact.", "D: ask the writer to write an alternate paper." ]
Mercury_SC_408290	Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?	{ "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "thermal", "physical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: chemical", "B: electrical", "C: thermal", "D: physical" ]
Mercury_7032918	Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality?	{ "text": [ "burning coal", "growing crops", "using solar energy cells", "constructing nuclear power plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: burning coal", "B: growing crops", "C: using solar energy cells", "D: constructing nuclear power plants" ]
MCAS_2009_8_7	Most of the bacteria in a forest ecosystem are best classified as which of the following types of organisms?	{ "text": [ "consumers", "decomposers", "predators", "producers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: consumers", "B: decomposers", "C: predators", "D: producers" ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_41	A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?	{ "text": [ "mass", "friction", "gravity", "speed" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: mass", "B: friction", "C: gravity", "D: speed" ]
MCAS_2006_5_8	All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface?	{ "text": [ "earthquake activity", "landslide", "volcanic eruption", "weathering" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: earthquake activity", "B: landslide", "C: volcanic eruption", "D: weathering" ]
VASoL_2007_5_18	A group of students was preparing an activity to determine whether certain materials will float or sink when placed on water. Before the experiment started, one student said, "I think the sponge will float." This statement was	{ "text": [ "a conclusion", "a fact", "an observation", "a prediction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a conclusion", "B: a fact", "C: an observation", "D: a prediction" ]
VASoL_2009_5_33	What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?	{ "text": [ "Balance", "Meter stick", "Thermometer", "Graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Balance", "B: Meter stick", "C: Thermometer", "D: Graduated cylinder" ]
Mercury_7034860	According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is	{ "text": [ "solid at room temperature.", "liquid at room temperature.", "lighter than all other metals.", "heavier than all other metals." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: solid at room temperature.", "B: liquid at room temperature.", "C: lighter than all other metals.", "D: heavier than all other metals." ]
Mercury_7016713	When using more than the recommended amounts of pesticide on farmland, yards, and gardens, what is most likely to occur?	{ "text": [ "Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective.", "The pesticides may break down quickly.", "Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.", "The pesticide will increase the plant production." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective.", "B: The pesticides may break down quickly.", "C: Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.", "D: The pesticide will increase the plant production." ]
Mercury_7241098	According to the fossil record, when did episodes of rapid speciation commonly take place?	{ "text": [ "while Earth's continents were joined", "while Earth's habitats were stable", "before major climatic changes", "following mass extinctions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: while Earth's continents were joined", "B: while Earth's habitats were stable", "C: before major climatic changes", "D: following mass extinctions" ]
Mercury_SC_408656	A deer inherits some of its features from its parents. Other features come from its environment. Which feature would a deer most likely inherit from its parents?	{ "text": [ "a long scar", "brown eyes", "missing teeth", "a broken antler" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a long scar", "B: brown eyes", "C: missing teeth", "D: a broken antler" ]
ACTAAP_2008_7_12	What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?	{ "text": [ "brain", "organ", "neuron", "spinal cord" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: brain", "B: organ", "C: neuron", "D: spinal cord" ]
Mercury_182438	Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this?	{ "text": [ "to attract potential mates", "to distract potential predators", "to help catch food", "to preserve warmth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: to attract potential mates", "B: to distract potential predators", "C: to help catch food", "D: to preserve warmth" ]
MCAS_2005_5_16	In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following?	{ "text": [ "flow chart", "line graph", "pictograph", "pie chart" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: flow chart", "B: line graph", "C: pictograph", "D: pie chart" ]
Mercury_7159198	Drew was measuring the growth of a vine that can grow almost 31 cm a day. Which would be the best way to record his data of the growth over a period of a day?	{ "text": [ "a bar graph", "a line graph", "a pie graph", "a picture graph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a bar graph", "B: a line graph", "C: a pie graph", "D: a picture graph" ]
Mercury_7216230	All of the following are functions of a cell membrane except	{ "text": [ "surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell.", "releasing waste products from the cell.", "producing energy for cell processes.", "allowing gases to enter the cell." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell.", "B: releasing waste products from the cell.", "C: producing energy for cell processes.", "D: allowing gases to enter the cell." ]
Mercury_401597	Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents?	{ "text": [ "fur color", "hunting skills", "feeding behavior", "sleeping routine" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: fur color", "B: hunting skills", "C: feeding behavior", "D: sleeping routine" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_6	Which object is the best conductor of electricity?	{ "text": [ "a wax crayon", "a plastic spoon", "a rubber eraser", "an iron nail" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a wax crayon", "B: a plastic spoon", "C: a rubber eraser", "D: an iron nail" ]
MCAS_2001_5_17	Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others?	{ "text": [ "They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.", "They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.", "They were squeezed up through the soil.", "They hardened in rounded pockets of soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.", "B: They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.", "C: They were squeezed up through the soil.", "D: They hardened in rounded pockets of soil." ]
Mercury_SC_408861	A vaccine can prevent a serious disease. When a new vaccine is developed, it is given to a small group of people. Why would it be important to test each vaccine on a small group of people before everyone can have one?	{ "text": [ "to figure out how much the vaccine is worth", "to determine how the vaccine will affect people", "to understand how that disease affects the human body", "to find out how many people are affected by the disease" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: to figure out how much the vaccine is worth", "B: to determine how the vaccine will affect people", "C: to understand how that disease affects the human body", "D: to find out how many people are affected by the disease" ]
Mercury_SC_415423	When can producers make the most food?	{ "text": [ "summer, because there is more sunlight", "summer, because there is more heat", "spring, because there is more rain", "spring, because there are more leaves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: summer, because there is more sunlight", "B: summer, because there is more heat", "C: spring, because there is more rain", "D: spring, because there are more leaves" ]
Mercury_SC_409583	Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals?	{ "text": [ "stomach and intestines", "spinal cord and brain", "arteries and veins", "kidneys and liver" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: stomach and intestines", "B: spinal cord and brain", "C: arteries and veins", "D: kidneys and liver" ]
MCAS_2015_5_4	Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils?	{ "text": [ "Decomposition adds silt to soil.", "Decomposition adds water to soil.", "Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.", "Decomposition adds nutrients to soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Decomposition adds silt to soil.", "B: Decomposition adds water to soil.", "C: Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.", "D: Decomposition adds nutrients to soil." ]
NAEP_2000_4_S21+3	Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal?	{ "text": [ "From the Earth's gravity", "From the Sun's light", "From the heat in the Earth's core", "From the air's carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: From the Earth's gravity", "B: From the Sun's light", "C: From the heat in the Earth's core", "D: From the air's carbon dioxide" ]
Mercury_7234693	A metal ball has a constant velocity of zero. Which other quantity must also be zero?	{ "text": [ "weight of the ball", "energy of the ball", "acceleration of the ball", "inertia of the ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: weight of the ball", "B: energy of the ball", "C: acceleration of the ball", "D: inertia of the ball" ]
Mercury_7043855	What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves?	{ "text": [ "forests", "oceans", "prairies", "mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: forests", "B: oceans", "C: prairies", "D: mountains" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_1	If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of	{ "text": [ "wood", "plastic", "cardboard", "metal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: wood", "B: plastic", "C: cardboard", "D: metal" ]
OHAT_2011_5_33	Which explains the pattern of day and night?	{ "text": [ "Earth orbits the sun.", "Earth spins on its axis.", "The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.", "The sun only transmits light energy above the equator." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Earth orbits the sun.", "B: Earth spins on its axis.", "C: The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.", "D: The sun only transmits light energy above the equator." ]
Mercury_405064	Which is the best plan to make the fossil fuel supply last longer?	{ "text": [ "mine more coal", "reduce car pollution", "produce more gasoline", "reduce electricity use" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: mine more coal", "B: reduce car pollution", "C: produce more gasoline", "D: reduce electricity use" ]
Mercury_7180338	The stages of evolution of a star are determined by the mass of the star at the beginning of its life cycle. Which stage of evolution is the oldest form of a massive star?	{ "text": [ "red giant", "supernova", "neutron star", "white dwarf" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: red giant", "B: supernova", "C: neutron star", "D: white dwarf" ]
Mercury_7206080	Which of these best indicates that sediments can be changed into rock?	{ "text": [ "layers of sandstone", "igneous intrusions", "lava beds", "mountains with gneiss" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: layers of sandstone", "B: igneous intrusions", "C: lava beds", "D: mountains with gneiss" ]
Mercury_7234570	Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum?	{ "text": [ "biosphere to lithosphere", "atmosphere to lithosphere", "hydrosphere to atmosphere", "biosphere to atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: biosphere to lithosphere", "B: atmosphere to lithosphere", "C: hydrosphere to atmosphere", "D: biosphere to atmosphere" ]
Mercury_7234640	Which word best describes the speed of a cart that has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration?	{ "text": [ "slow", "fast", "decreasing", "increasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: slow", "B: fast", "C: decreasing", "D: increasing" ]
Mercury_7162645	A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into	{ "text": [ "chemical energy.", "electrical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "potential energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: chemical energy.", "B: electrical energy.", "C: mechanical energy.", "D: potential energy." ]
Mercury_7233450	Which of the following is a crucial piece of evidence supporting scientists' theory of how the continents and the ocean basins formed?	{ "text": [ "Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms.", "A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties.", "Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.", "A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms.", "B: A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties.", "C: Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.", "D: A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_5	What motion causes day and night?	{ "text": [ "revolution of Earth", "revolution of the Moon", "rotation of Earth", "rotation of the Moon" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: revolution of Earth", "B: revolution of the Moon", "C: rotation of Earth", "D: rotation of the Moon" ]
Mercury_7181580	The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main result of this tilt?	{ "text": [ "tides", "eclipses", "length of year", "change of seasons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: tides", "B: eclipses", "C: length of year", "D: change of seasons" ]
Mercury_7008978	In an earthquake, the primary waves move through	{ "text": [ "air", "water", "soil", "rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: air", "B: water", "C: soil", "D: rock" ]
TIMSS_2011_8_pg87	Which of the following is the major cause of tides?	{ "text": [ "heating of the oceans by the Sun", "gravitational pull of the Moon", "earthquakes on the ocean floor", "changes in wind direction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: heating of the oceans by the Sun", "B: gravitational pull of the Moon", "C: earthquakes on the ocean floor", "D: changes in wind direction" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_12	A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to	{ "text": [ "cold temperatures", "hot temperatures", "a shortage of food", "a shortage of drinking water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: cold temperatures", "B: hot temperatures", "C: a shortage of food", "D: a shortage of drinking water" ]
Mercury_7128590	Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process?	{ "text": [ "tropism", "succession", "gradualism", "eutrophication" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: tropism", "B: succession", "C: gradualism", "D: eutrophication" ]
Mercury_SC_409670	A class planted trees and shrubs in an empty dirt lot beside the school. The roots of the plants can help protect the soil. The soil is most likely being protected from what?	{ "text": [ "a drought", "wind erosion", "an earthquake", "water pollution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a drought", "B: wind erosion", "C: an earthquake", "D: water pollution" ]
Mercury_7064505	In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into	{ "text": [ "chemical energy.", "nuclear energy.", "mechanical energy.", "kinetic energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: chemical energy.", "B: nuclear energy.", "C: mechanical energy.", "D: kinetic energy." ]
Mercury_7268170	Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem?	{ "text": [ "food made by the plant", "water needed by the plant", "pollen for plant reproduction", "carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: food made by the plant", "B: water needed by the plant", "C: pollen for plant reproduction", "D: carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ]
ACTAAP_2009_5_11	If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis?	{ "text": [ "Bean plants come in many types.", "Fertilizer is good for bean plants.", "All bean plants are related to each other.", "Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Bean plants come in many types.", "B: Fertilizer is good for bean plants.", "C: All bean plants are related to each other.", "D: Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller." ]
Mercury_SC_406071	A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass	{ "text": [ "increases.", "decreases.", "is destroyed.", "stays the same." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: increases.", "B: decreases.", "C: is destroyed.", "D: stays the same." ]
MCAS_2007_8_5185	Which of the following tools is most useful for tightening a small mechanical fastener?	{ "text": [ "chisel", "pliers", "sander", "saw" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: chisel", "B: pliers", "C: sander", "D: saw" ]
Mercury_7269115	Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions?	{ "text": [ "low temperature and high pressure", "high temperature and high pressure", "low temperature and low pressure", "high temperature and low pressure" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: low temperature and high pressure", "B: high temperature and high pressure", "C: low temperature and low pressure", "D: high temperature and low pressure" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_3	Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds	{ "text": [ "fly south", "find food", "protect their young", "survive the winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: fly south", "B: find food", "C: protect their young", "D: survive the winter" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_5	Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid?	{ "text": [ "balance", "ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: balance", "B: ruler", "C: thermometer", "D: graduated cylinder" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_11	The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and	{ "text": [ "make food", "produce fruit", "take in water and nutrients", "aid in germination" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: make food", "B: produce fruit", "C: take in water and nutrients", "D: aid in germination" ]
Mercury_406730	All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single	{ "text": [ "egg.", "sperm.", "virus.", "parent." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: egg.", "B: sperm.", "C: virus.", "D: parent." ]
MCAS_2003_8_3	What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?	{ "text": [ "electrical energy to light and heat energy", "light energy to electrical and mechanical energy", "heat energy to electrical and light energy", "electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: electrical energy to light and heat energy", "B: light energy to electrical and mechanical energy", "C: heat energy to electrical and light energy", "D: electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy" ]
Mercury_7218715	Which phase change in the atmosphere forms clouds?	{ "text": [ "evaporation", "freezing", "condensation", "melting" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: evaporation", "B: freezing", "C: condensation", "D: melting" ]
Mercury_7274330	Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table?	{ "text": [ "the uppermost complete row of the table", "the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections", "the column at the far left side of the table", "the second column from the right side of the table" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: the uppermost complete row of the table", "B: the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections", "C: the column at the far left side of the table", "D: the second column from the right side of the table" ]
Mercury_SC_401808	Who was a leading authority on continental drift in the early 1900s?	{ "text": [ "Alfred Wegener", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Richter", "Charles Darwin" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Alfred Wegener", "B: Albert Einstein", "C: Charles Richter", "D: Charles Darwin" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_3	In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?	{ "text": [ "hydrogen, helium, and water vapor", "hydrogen, methane, and ozone", "carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen", "carbon dioxide, methane, and helium" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3	[ "1: hydrogen, helium, and water vapor", "2: hydrogen, methane, and ozone", "3: carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen", "4: carbon dioxide, methane, and helium" ]
AKDE&ED_2012_4_31	For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?	{ "text": [ "a notebook and a calculator", "a telescope and a computer", "a calculator and a microscope", "a microscope and a telescope" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a notebook and a calculator", "B: a telescope and a computer", "C: a calculator and a microscope", "D: a microscope and a telescope" ]
Mercury_7163888	During a presentation on astronomy, Professor Williams discussed various measurements in space. Which objects was she referring to when she talked about how astronomical units (AU) were determined?	{ "text": [ "the Sun and Earth", "the Moon and Earth", "the inner and outer planets", "the Sun and the closest star" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the Sun and Earth", "B: the Moon and Earth", "C: the inner and outer planets", "D: the Sun and the closest star" ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_54	As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?	{ "text": [ "tropical storms", "increase in predators", "habitat loss", "warmer temperatures" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: tropical storms", "B: increase in predators", "C: habitat loss", "D: warmer temperatures" ]
Mercury_SC_400605	The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive?	{ "text": [ "by scaring predators away from the chameleon", "by attracting prey animals to the chameleon", "by sending a signal to other chameleons", "by helping the chameleon hide from its predators" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: by scaring predators away from the chameleon", "B: by attracting prey animals to the chameleon", "C: by sending a signal to other chameleons", "D: by helping the chameleon hide from its predators" ]
Mercury_7120715	A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to	{ "text": [ "reduce the cost of the watch.", "provide an energy source for the watch.", "make the watch more attractive.", "stop the watch from speeding up." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: reduce the cost of the watch.", "B: provide an energy source for the watch.", "C: make the watch more attractive.", "D: stop the watch from speeding up." ]
MCAS_2008_8_5715	The presence of which of the following geological features provides the best evidence that glaciers once covered an area?	{ "text": [ "wide riverbeds", "U-shaped valleys", "underground caves", "groundwater springs" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: wide riverbeds", "B: U-shaped valleys", "C: underground caves", "D: groundwater springs" ]
VASoL_2010_5_24	Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "Burn their trash", "Plant native plants", "Feed leftover meals to deer", "Drain automobile oil into the grass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Burn their trash", "B: Plant native plants", "C: Feed leftover meals to deer", "D: Drain automobile oil into the grass" ]
Mercury_SC_400029	A student wants to figure out how many calories are needed to perform various activities. A list of some everyday activities is made, and the number of calories burned during each activity is recorded. Which method is the best way for the student to display and evaluate the information?	{ "text": [ "write a paragraph", "make a line graph", "develop a formula", "create a table" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: write a paragraph", "B: make a line graph", "C: develop a formula", "D: create a table" ]
Mercury_7086730	Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of	{ "text": [ "iron.", "nickel.", "carbon.", "silicon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: iron.", "B: nickel.", "C: carbon.", "D: silicon." ]
Mercury_7016100	According to the Big Bang Theory, which element most likely formed first?	{ "text": [ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "oxygen", "nitrogen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: carbon dioxide", "B: hydrogen", "C: oxygen", "D: nitrogen" ]
Mercury_SC_408364	Tim and Carla play catch with a ball. Which term describes the motion of a ball?	{ "text": [ "shape", "size", "speed", "weight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: shape", "B: size", "C: speed", "D: weight" ]
Mercury_SC_401368	Which set of equipment would be best to use when investigating what is found in a sample of pond water?	{ "text": [ "net, gloves, specimen bags", "beaker, calculator, graph paper", "microscope, eye dropper, slides", "measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: net, gloves, specimen bags", "B: beaker, calculator, graph paper", "C: microscope, eye dropper, slides", "D: measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard" ]
Mercury_7009765	The Theory of Plate Tectonics revolutionized scientific thought because it	{ "text": [ "explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.", "demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines.", "mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes.", "explained the mineral differences between continents." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.", "B: demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines.", "C: mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes.", "D: explained the mineral differences between continents." ]
AKDE&ED_2008_8_52	How does repeating an experiment improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?	{ "text": [ "Data can be compared.", "Time can be decreased.", "Equipment can be added.", "Procedures can be changed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: Data can be compared.", "B: Time can be decreased.", "C: Equipment can be added.", "D: Procedures can be changed." ]
Mercury_401504	One hundred grams of water and 100 grams of vegetable oil are heated in identical containers at 70°C for 5 minutes. Their temperatures at the end of 5 minutes are different due to the difference in which property?	{ "text": [ "volume", "specific heat", "conductivity", "chemical energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: volume", "B: specific heat", "C: conductivity", "D: chemical energy" ]
Mercury_SC_401150	There are MORE hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during which season?	{ "text": [ "spring", "summer", "fall", "winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: spring", "B: summer", "C: fall", "D: winter" ]
Mercury_SC_415695	Which force produces energy as heat?	{ "text": [ "pull", "gravity", "friction", "magnetic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: pull", "B: gravity", "C: friction", "D: magnetic" ]
Mercury_7109270	Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales?	{ "text": [ "chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean", "average temperatures increased in the region", "depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem", "increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean", "B: average temperatures increased in the region", "C: depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem", "D: increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" ]
Mercury_7007823	Reading from left to right, elements in the same period on the Periodic Table of the Elements	{ "text": [ "have the same reactivity.", "decrease in atomic mass.", "increase in atomic number.", "have the same number of electrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: have the same reactivity.", "B: decrease in atomic mass.", "C: increase in atomic number.", "D: have the same number of electrons." ]
Mercury_7044660	A device that converts light energy into electricity used in many handheld calculators is a	{ "text": [ "battery.", "photocell.", "photo generator.", "photovoltaic cell." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: battery.", "B: photocell.", "C: photo generator.", "D: photovoltaic cell." ]
ACTAAP_2007_7_12	Which most accurately describes a circle (pie) graph?	{ "text": [ "used to demonstrate change in temperature only", "used to demonstrate change that is continuous", "used to demonstrate change that is not continuous", "used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: used to demonstrate change in temperature only", "B: used to demonstrate change that is continuous", "C: used to demonstrate change that is not continuous", "D: used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data" ]
MCAS_2001_8_6	Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants?	{ "text": [ "only the bees", "only the flowering plants", "both the bees and the flowering plants", "neither the bees nor the flowering plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: only the bees", "B: only the flowering plants", "C: both the bees and the flowering plants", "D: neither the bees nor the flowering plants" ]
Mercury_7122763	The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years?	{ "text": [ "asteroids", "meteorites", "comets", "moons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: asteroids", "B: meteorites", "C: comets", "D: moons" ]
Mercury_7236653	How is the theory of plate tectonics different from a hypothesis regarding a certain aspect of plate movement?	{ "text": [ "The theory addresses an Earth-science topic.", "The theory may change if new evidence emerges.", "The theory explains a number of related observations.", "The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The theory addresses an Earth-science topic.", "B: The theory may change if new evidence emerges.", "C: The theory explains a number of related observations.", "D: The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment." ]
Mercury_7113943	A large quantity of heavy rain falling in a short time period will most likely	{ "text": [ "reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.", "increase the number of minerals in the soil.", "reduce oxygen levels in the soil.", "increase the temperature of the soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.", "B: increase the number of minerals in the soil.", "C: reduce oxygen levels in the soil.", "D: increase the temperature of the soil." ]
Mercury_7197295	An artificial pacemaker is a device that regulates the beat of the heart by an electrical stimulus. Some early pacemakers were powered by batteries and were worn externally with wires passing through the skin to the surface of the heart. Modern pacemakers are now much smaller and are implanted surgically. Which most likely has increased the lifespan and effectiveness of artificial pacemakers?	{ "text": [ "the development of thinner wires", "the invention of lithium batteries", "mass production of pacemaker parts", "reducing the cost of producing pacemakers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: the development of thinner wires", "B: the invention of lithium batteries", "C: mass production of pacemaker parts", "D: reducing the cost of producing pacemakers" ]
TIMSS_2003_8_pg93	A balloon filled with helium gas is set free and starts to move upward. Which of the following best explains why the helium balloon moves upward?	{ "text": [ "The density of helium is less than the density of air.", "The air resistance lifts the balloon up.", "There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons.", "The wind blows the balloon upward." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: The density of helium is less than the density of air.", "B: The air resistance lifts the balloon up.", "C: There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons.", "D: The wind blows the balloon upward." ]
Mercury_416463	Oscar and Andre used a microscope to observe a sample of pond water and drew an example of each type of organism they saw. Then they compared their drawings. They discovered that their drawings of a euglena and a paramecium were alike, but their amoeba drawings had very different shapes. What are two things that Oscar's amoeba could have been doing that made his drawing look different from Andre's?	{ "text": [ "eating and moving", "moving and digesting", "digesting and excreting", "excreting and eating" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: eating and moving", "B: moving and digesting", "C: digesting and excreting", "D: excreting and eating" ]
Mercury_SC_401279	The reading on a barometer rises when the air	{ "text": [ "pressure increases.", "pressure decreases.", "speed increases.", "speed decreases." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: pressure increases.", "B: pressure decreases.", "C: speed increases.", "D: speed decreases." ]
CSZ10373	Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor?	{ "text": [ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: photosynthesis", "B: condensation", "C: evaporation", "D: precipitation" ]
Mercury_7032585	In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's	{ "text": [ "electric charge.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "electron number." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: electric charge.", "B: atomic mass.", "C: atomic number.", "D: electron number." ]

Mercury_7267890

Why is some food dehydrated for astronauts to eat in space?

{ "text": [ "to make the food less messy to eat", "to preserve the food for extended flights", "to increase the food's nutritional content", "to keep the food from floating off the plate" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: to make the food less messy to eat", "B: to preserve the food for extended flights", "C: to increase the food's nutritional content", "D: to keep the food from floating off the plate" ]

MCAS_2006_9_15

Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a cool room of 15°C. Which of the following correctly compares perfume molecules at 25°C to those at 15°C?

{ "text": [ "At 25°C, they have more mass.", "At 25°C, they are moving faster.", "At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy.", "At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: At 25°C, they have more mass.", "B: At 25°C, they are moving faster.", "C: At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy.", "D: At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume." ]

Mercury_182123

Which of the following is believed to be one cause of global warming?

{ "text": [ "atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide", "hot air from air conditioner exhaust", "methane gas escaping from landfills", "body heat generated by overpopulation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide", "B: hot air from air conditioner exhaust", "C: methane gas escaping from landfills", "D: body heat generated by overpopulation" ]

Mercury_SC_402285

What product was being formed as plants died and sank to the bottom of swamps?

{ "text": [ "oil", "gas", "coal", "shale" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: oil", "B: gas", "C: coal", "D: shale" ]

Mercury_SC_400176

What is the approximate length of time it takes the Moon to complete one lunar cycle?

{ "text": [ "14 days", "29 days", "180 days", "365 days" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: 14 days", "B: 29 days", "C: 180 days", "D: 365 days" ]

Mercury_7206360

A line graph is best used when the measured variable is

{ "text": [ "changing at a constant rate.", "nearly equal in several trials.", "being compared to a control.", "observed at one point in time." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: changing at a constant rate.", "B: nearly equal in several trials.", "C: being compared to a control.", "D: observed at one point in time." ]

MDSA_2008_5_28

All living things need energy to survive. What is the primary source of energy for all living things?

{ "text": [ "plants", "the sun", "water", "the wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: plants", "B: the sun", "C: water", "D: the wind" ]

NCEOGA_2013_8_23

If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?

{ "text": [ "12 atoms of carbon [C]", "6 atoms of carbon [C]", "3 atoms of carbon [C]", "2 atoms of carbon [C]" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: 12 atoms of carbon [C]", "B: 6 atoms of carbon [C]", "C: 3 atoms of carbon [C]", "D: 2 atoms of carbon [C]" ]

Mercury_SC_401167

Which object refracts light?

{ "text": [ "mirror", "silver spoon", "foil", "glass prism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: mirror", "B: silver spoon", "C: foil", "D: glass prism" ]

Mercury_7213693

A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor?

{ "text": [ "circulatory system", "muscular system", "digestive system", "nervous system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: circulatory system", "B: muscular system", "C: digestive system", "D: nervous system" ]

Mercury_7267558

Which event becomes more likely during a drought in a prairie ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "fire", "tornado", "landslide", "earthquake" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: fire", "B: tornado", "C: landslide", "D: earthquake" ]

Mercury_7081235

When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should

{ "text": [ "collect their own data and rewrite the paper.", "evaluate the evidence in the paper.", "accept the paper as fact.", "ask the writer to write an alternate paper." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: collect their own data and rewrite the paper.", "B: evaluate the evidence in the paper.", "C: accept the paper as fact.", "D: ask the writer to write an alternate paper." ]

Mercury_SC_408290

Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?

{ "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "thermal", "physical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: chemical", "B: electrical", "C: thermal", "D: physical" ]

Mercury_7032918

Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality?

{ "text": [ "burning coal", "growing crops", "using solar energy cells", "constructing nuclear power plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: burning coal", "B: growing crops", "C: using solar energy cells", "D: constructing nuclear power plants" ]

MCAS_2009_8_7

Most of the bacteria in a forest ecosystem are best classified as which of the following types of organisms?

{ "text": [ "consumers", "decomposers", "predators", "producers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: consumers", "B: decomposers", "C: predators", "D: producers" ]

NCEOGA_2013_5_41

A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?

{ "text": [ "mass", "friction", "gravity", "speed" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: mass", "B: friction", "C: gravity", "D: speed" ]

MCAS_2006_5_8

All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface?

{ "text": [ "earthquake activity", "landslide", "volcanic eruption", "weathering" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: earthquake activity", "B: landslide", "C: volcanic eruption", "D: weathering" ]

VASoL_2007_5_18

A group of students was preparing an activity to determine whether certain materials will float or sink when placed on water. Before the experiment started, one student said, "I think the sponge will float." This statement was

{ "text": [ "a conclusion", "a fact", "an observation", "a prediction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a conclusion", "B: a fact", "C: an observation", "D: a prediction" ]

VASoL_2009_5_33

What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?

{ "text": [ "Balance", "Meter stick", "Thermometer", "Graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Balance", "B: Meter stick", "C: Thermometer", "D: Graduated cylinder" ]

Mercury_7034860

According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is

{ "text": [ "solid at room temperature.", "liquid at room temperature.", "lighter than all other metals.", "heavier than all other metals." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: solid at room temperature.", "B: liquid at room temperature.", "C: lighter than all other metals.", "D: heavier than all other metals." ]

Mercury_7016713

When using more than the recommended amounts of pesticide on farmland, yards, and gardens, what is most likely to occur?

{ "text": [ "Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective.", "The pesticides may break down quickly.", "Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.", "The pesticide will increase the plant production." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Higher levels of pesticide may be less effective.", "B: The pesticides may break down quickly.", "C: Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.", "D: The pesticide will increase the plant production." ]

Mercury_7241098

According to the fossil record, when did episodes of rapid speciation commonly take place?

{ "text": [ "while Earth's continents were joined", "while Earth's habitats were stable", "before major climatic changes", "following mass extinctions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: while Earth's continents were joined", "B: while Earth's habitats were stable", "C: before major climatic changes", "D: following mass extinctions" ]

Mercury_SC_408656

A deer inherits some of its features from its parents. Other features come from its environment. Which feature would a deer most likely inherit from its parents?

{ "text": [ "a long scar", "brown eyes", "missing teeth", "a broken antler" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a long scar", "B: brown eyes", "C: missing teeth", "D: a broken antler" ]

ACTAAP_2008_7_12

What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

{ "text": [ "brain", "organ", "neuron", "spinal cord" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: brain", "B: organ", "C: neuron", "D: spinal cord" ]

Mercury_182438

Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this?

{ "text": [ "to attract potential mates", "to distract potential predators", "to help catch food", "to preserve warmth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: to attract potential mates", "B: to distract potential predators", "C: to help catch food", "D: to preserve warmth" ]

MCAS_2005_5_16

In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following?

{ "text": [ "flow chart", "line graph", "pictograph", "pie chart" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: flow chart", "B: line graph", "C: pictograph", "D: pie chart" ]

Mercury_7159198

Drew was measuring the growth of a vine that can grow almost 31 cm a day. Which would be the best way to record his data of the growth over a period of a day?

{ "text": [ "a bar graph", "a line graph", "a pie graph", "a picture graph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a bar graph", "B: a line graph", "C: a pie graph", "D: a picture graph" ]

Mercury_7216230

All of the following are functions of a cell membrane except

{ "text": [ "surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell.", "releasing waste products from the cell.", "producing energy for cell processes.", "allowing gases to enter the cell." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: surrounding and protecting the contents of the cell.", "B: releasing waste products from the cell.", "C: producing energy for cell processes.", "D: allowing gases to enter the cell." ]

Mercury_401597

Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents?

{ "text": [ "fur color", "hunting skills", "feeding behavior", "sleeping routine" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: fur color", "B: hunting skills", "C: feeding behavior", "D: sleeping routine" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_6

Which object is the best conductor of electricity?

{ "text": [ "a wax crayon", "a plastic spoon", "a rubber eraser", "an iron nail" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a wax crayon", "B: a plastic spoon", "C: a rubber eraser", "D: an iron nail" ]

MCAS_2001_5_17

Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others?

{ "text": [ "They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.", "They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.", "They were squeezed up through the soil.", "They hardened in rounded pockets of soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: They have the shapes of the minerals from which they are made.", "B: They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.", "C: They were squeezed up through the soil.", "D: They hardened in rounded pockets of soil." ]

Mercury_SC_408861

A vaccine can prevent a serious disease. When a new vaccine is developed, it is given to a small group of people. Why would it be important to test each vaccine on a small group of people before everyone can have one?

{ "text": [ "to figure out how much the vaccine is worth", "to determine how the vaccine will affect people", "to understand how that disease affects the human body", "to find out how many people are affected by the disease" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: to figure out how much the vaccine is worth", "B: to determine how the vaccine will affect people", "C: to understand how that disease affects the human body", "D: to find out how many people are affected by the disease" ]

Mercury_SC_415423

When can producers make the most food?

{ "text": [ "summer, because there is more sunlight", "summer, because there is more heat", "spring, because there is more rain", "spring, because there are more leaves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: summer, because there is more sunlight", "B: summer, because there is more heat", "C: spring, because there is more rain", "D: spring, because there are more leaves" ]

Mercury_SC_409583

Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals?

{ "text": [ "stomach and intestines", "spinal cord and brain", "arteries and veins", "kidneys and liver" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: stomach and intestines", "B: spinal cord and brain", "C: arteries and veins", "D: kidneys and liver" ]

MCAS_2015_5_4

Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils?

{ "text": [ "Decomposition adds silt to soil.", "Decomposition adds water to soil.", "Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.", "Decomposition adds nutrients to soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Decomposition adds silt to soil.", "B: Decomposition adds water to soil.", "C: Decomposition adds oxygen to soil.", "D: Decomposition adds nutrients to soil." ]

NAEP_2000_4_S21+3

Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal?

{ "text": [ "From the Earth's gravity", "From the Sun's light", "From the heat in the Earth's core", "From the air's carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: From the Earth's gravity", "B: From the Sun's light", "C: From the heat in the Earth's core", "D: From the air's carbon dioxide" ]

Mercury_7234693

A metal ball has a constant velocity of zero. Which other quantity must also be zero?

{ "text": [ "weight of the ball", "energy of the ball", "acceleration of the ball", "inertia of the ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: weight of the ball", "B: energy of the ball", "C: acceleration of the ball", "D: inertia of the ball" ]

Mercury_7043855

What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves?

{ "text": [ "forests", "oceans", "prairies", "mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: forests", "B: oceans", "C: prairies", "D: mountains" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_1

If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of

{ "text": [ "wood", "plastic", "cardboard", "metal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: wood", "B: plastic", "C: cardboard", "D: metal" ]

OHAT_2011_5_33

Which explains the pattern of day and night?

{ "text": [ "Earth orbits the sun.", "Earth spins on its axis.", "The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.", "The sun only transmits light energy above the equator." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Earth orbits the sun.", "B: Earth spins on its axis.", "C: The sun only transmits light energy during the daytime.", "D: The sun only transmits light energy above the equator." ]

Mercury_405064

Which is the best plan to make the fossil fuel supply last longer?

{ "text": [ "mine more coal", "reduce car pollution", "produce more gasoline", "reduce electricity use" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: mine more coal", "B: reduce car pollution", "C: produce more gasoline", "D: reduce electricity use" ]

Mercury_7180338

The stages of evolution of a star are determined by the mass of the star at the beginning of its life cycle. Which stage of evolution is the oldest form of a massive star?

{ "text": [ "red giant", "supernova", "neutron star", "white dwarf" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: red giant", "B: supernova", "C: neutron star", "D: white dwarf" ]

Mercury_7206080

Which of these best indicates that sediments can be changed into rock?

{ "text": [ "layers of sandstone", "igneous intrusions", "lava beds", "mountains with gneiss" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: layers of sandstone", "B: igneous intrusions", "C: lava beds", "D: mountains with gneiss" ]

Mercury_7234570

Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum?

{ "text": [ "biosphere to lithosphere", "atmosphere to lithosphere", "hydrosphere to atmosphere", "biosphere to atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: biosphere to lithosphere", "B: atmosphere to lithosphere", "C: hydrosphere to atmosphere", "D: biosphere to atmosphere" ]

Mercury_7234640

Which word best describes the speed of a cart that has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration?

{ "text": [ "slow", "fast", "decreasing", "increasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: slow", "B: fast", "C: decreasing", "D: increasing" ]

Mercury_7162645

A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into

{ "text": [ "chemical energy.", "electrical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "potential energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: chemical energy.", "B: electrical energy.", "C: mechanical energy.", "D: potential energy." ]

Mercury_7233450

Which of the following is a crucial piece of evidence supporting scientists' theory of how the continents and the ocean basins formed?

{ "text": [ "Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms.", "A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties.", "Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.", "A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Gravitational forces result in the fusion of small atoms.", "B: A differentiated iron core expresses magnetic properties.", "C: Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.", "D: A stream of charged ions disperses lightweight gases." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_5

What motion causes day and night?

{ "text": [ "revolution of Earth", "revolution of the Moon", "rotation of Earth", "rotation of the Moon" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: revolution of Earth", "B: revolution of the Moon", "C: rotation of Earth", "D: rotation of the Moon" ]

Mercury_7181580

The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main result of this tilt?

{ "text": [ "tides", "eclipses", "length of year", "change of seasons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: tides", "B: eclipses", "C: length of year", "D: change of seasons" ]

Mercury_7008978

In an earthquake, the primary waves move through

{ "text": [ "air", "water", "soil", "rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: air", "B: water", "C: soil", "D: rock" ]

TIMSS_2011_8_pg87

Which of the following is the major cause of tides?

{ "text": [ "heating of the oceans by the Sun", "gravitational pull of the Moon", "earthquakes on the ocean floor", "changes in wind direction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: heating of the oceans by the Sun", "B: gravitational pull of the Moon", "C: earthquakes on the ocean floor", "D: changes in wind direction" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_12

A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to

{ "text": [ "cold temperatures", "hot temperatures", "a shortage of food", "a shortage of drinking water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: cold temperatures", "B: hot temperatures", "C: a shortage of food", "D: a shortage of drinking water" ]

Mercury_7128590

Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process?

{ "text": [ "tropism", "succession", "gradualism", "eutrophication" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: tropism", "B: succession", "C: gradualism", "D: eutrophication" ]

Mercury_SC_409670

A class planted trees and shrubs in an empty dirt lot beside the school. The roots of the plants can help protect the soil. The soil is most likely being protected from what?

{ "text": [ "a drought", "wind erosion", "an earthquake", "water pollution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a drought", "B: wind erosion", "C: an earthquake", "D: water pollution" ]

Mercury_7064505

In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into

{ "text": [ "chemical energy.", "nuclear energy.", "mechanical energy.", "kinetic energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: chemical energy.", "B: nuclear energy.", "C: mechanical energy.", "D: kinetic energy." ]

Mercury_7268170

Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem?

{ "text": [ "food made by the plant", "water needed by the plant", "pollen for plant reproduction", "carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: food made by the plant", "B: water needed by the plant", "C: pollen for plant reproduction", "D: carbon dioxide for photosynthesis" ]

ACTAAP_2009_5_11

If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis?

{ "text": [ "Bean plants come in many types.", "Fertilizer is good for bean plants.", "All bean plants are related to each other.", "Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Bean plants come in many types.", "B: Fertilizer is good for bean plants.", "C: All bean plants are related to each other.", "D: Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller." ]

Mercury_SC_406071

A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass

{ "text": [ "increases.", "decreases.", "is destroyed.", "stays the same." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: increases.", "B: decreases.", "C: is destroyed.", "D: stays the same." ]

MCAS_2007_8_5185

Which of the following tools is most useful for tightening a small mechanical fastener?

{ "text": [ "chisel", "pliers", "sander", "saw" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: chisel", "B: pliers", "C: sander", "D: saw" ]

Mercury_7269115

Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions?

{ "text": [ "low temperature and high pressure", "high temperature and high pressure", "low temperature and low pressure", "high temperature and low pressure" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: low temperature and high pressure", "B: high temperature and high pressure", "C: low temperature and low pressure", "D: high temperature and low pressure" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2016_4_3

Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds

{ "text": [ "fly south", "find food", "protect their young", "survive the winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: fly south", "B: find food", "C: protect their young", "D: survive the winter" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_5

Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid?

{ "text": [ "balance", "ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: balance", "B: ruler", "C: thermometer", "D: graduated cylinder" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_11

The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and

{ "text": [ "make food", "produce fruit", "take in water and nutrients", "aid in germination" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: make food", "B: produce fruit", "C: take in water and nutrients", "D: aid in germination" ]

Mercury_406730

All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single

{ "text": [ "egg.", "sperm.", "virus.", "parent." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: egg.", "B: sperm.", "C: virus.", "D: parent." ]

MCAS_2003_8_3

What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?

{ "text": [ "electrical energy to light and heat energy", "light energy to electrical and mechanical energy", "heat energy to electrical and light energy", "electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: electrical energy to light and heat energy", "B: light energy to electrical and mechanical energy", "C: heat energy to electrical and light energy", "D: electrical energy to mechanical and heat energy" ]

Mercury_7218715

Which phase change in the atmosphere forms clouds?

{ "text": [ "evaporation", "freezing", "condensation", "melting" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: evaporation", "B: freezing", "C: condensation", "D: melting" ]

Mercury_7274330

Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table?

{ "text": [ "the uppermost complete row of the table", "the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections", "the column at the far left side of the table", "the second column from the right side of the table" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: the uppermost complete row of the table", "B: the rows at the bottom of the table connecting two sections", "C: the column at the far left side of the table", "D: the second column from the right side of the table" ]

Mercury_SC_401808

Who was a leading authority on continental drift in the early 1900s?

{ "text": [ "Alfred Wegener", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Richter", "Charles Darwin" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Alfred Wegener", "B: Albert Einstein", "C: Charles Richter", "D: Charles Darwin" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_3

In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?

{ "text": [ "hydrogen, helium, and water vapor", "hydrogen, methane, and ozone", "carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen", "carbon dioxide, methane, and helium" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

[ "1: hydrogen, helium, and water vapor", "2: hydrogen, methane, and ozone", "3: carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen", "4: carbon dioxide, methane, and helium" ]

AKDE&ED_2012_4_31

For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?

{ "text": [ "a notebook and a calculator", "a telescope and a computer", "a calculator and a microscope", "a microscope and a telescope" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a notebook and a calculator", "B: a telescope and a computer", "C: a calculator and a microscope", "D: a microscope and a telescope" ]

Mercury_7163888

During a presentation on astronomy, Professor Williams discussed various measurements in space. Which objects was she referring to when she talked about how astronomical units (AU) were determined?

{ "text": [ "the Sun and Earth", "the Moon and Earth", "the inner and outer planets", "the Sun and the closest star" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the Sun and Earth", "B: the Moon and Earth", "C: the inner and outer planets", "D: the Sun and the closest star" ]

NCEOGA_2013_5_54

As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?

{ "text": [ "tropical storms", "increase in predators", "habitat loss", "warmer temperatures" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: tropical storms", "B: increase in predators", "C: habitat loss", "D: warmer temperatures" ]

Mercury_SC_400605

The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive?

{ "text": [ "by scaring predators away from the chameleon", "by attracting prey animals to the chameleon", "by sending a signal to other chameleons", "by helping the chameleon hide from its predators" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: by scaring predators away from the chameleon", "B: by attracting prey animals to the chameleon", "C: by sending a signal to other chameleons", "D: by helping the chameleon hide from its predators" ]

Mercury_7120715

A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to

{ "text": [ "reduce the cost of the watch.", "provide an energy source for the watch.", "make the watch more attractive.", "stop the watch from speeding up." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: reduce the cost of the watch.", "B: provide an energy source for the watch.", "C: make the watch more attractive.", "D: stop the watch from speeding up." ]

MCAS_2008_8_5715

The presence of which of the following geological features provides the best evidence that glaciers once covered an area?

{ "text": [ "wide riverbeds", "U-shaped valleys", "underground caves", "groundwater springs" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: wide riverbeds", "B: U-shaped valleys", "C: underground caves", "D: groundwater springs" ]

VASoL_2010_5_24

Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "Burn their trash", "Plant native plants", "Feed leftover meals to deer", "Drain automobile oil into the grass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Burn their trash", "B: Plant native plants", "C: Feed leftover meals to deer", "D: Drain automobile oil into the grass" ]

Mercury_SC_400029

A student wants to figure out how many calories are needed to perform various activities. A list of some everyday activities is made, and the number of calories burned during each activity is recorded. Which method is the best way for the student to display and evaluate the information?

{ "text": [ "write a paragraph", "make a line graph", "develop a formula", "create a table" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: write a paragraph", "B: make a line graph", "C: develop a formula", "D: create a table" ]

Mercury_7086730

Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of

{ "text": [ "iron.", "nickel.", "carbon.", "silicon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: iron.", "B: nickel.", "C: carbon.", "D: silicon." ]

Mercury_7016100

According to the Big Bang Theory, which element most likely formed first?

{ "text": [ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "oxygen", "nitrogen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: carbon dioxide", "B: hydrogen", "C: oxygen", "D: nitrogen" ]

Mercury_SC_408364

Tim and Carla play catch with a ball. Which term describes the motion of a ball?

{ "text": [ "shape", "size", "speed", "weight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: shape", "B: size", "C: speed", "D: weight" ]

Mercury_SC_401368

Which set of equipment would be best to use when investigating what is found in a sample of pond water?

{ "text": [ "net, gloves, specimen bags", "beaker, calculator, graph paper", "microscope, eye dropper, slides", "measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: net, gloves, specimen bags", "B: beaker, calculator, graph paper", "C: microscope, eye dropper, slides", "D: measuring tape, thermometer, clipboard" ]

Mercury_7009765

The Theory of Plate Tectonics revolutionized scientific thought because it

{ "text": [ "explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.", "demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines.", "mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes.", "explained the mineral differences between continents." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.", "B: demonstrated how tidal forces affect coastlines.", "C: mapped the pattern and frequency of earthquakes.", "D: explained the mineral differences between continents." ]

AKDE&ED_2008_8_52

How does repeating an experiment improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?

{ "text": [ "Data can be compared.", "Time can be decreased.", "Equipment can be added.", "Procedures can be changed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: Data can be compared.", "B: Time can be decreased.", "C: Equipment can be added.", "D: Procedures can be changed." ]

Mercury_401504

One hundred grams of water and 100 grams of vegetable oil are heated in identical containers at 70°C for 5 minutes. Their temperatures at the end of 5 minutes are different due to the difference in which property?

{ "text": [ "volume", "specific heat", "conductivity", "chemical energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: volume", "B: specific heat", "C: conductivity", "D: chemical energy" ]

Mercury_SC_401150

There are MORE hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during which season?

{ "text": [ "spring", "summer", "fall", "winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: spring", "B: summer", "C: fall", "D: winter" ]

Mercury_SC_415695

Which force produces energy as heat?

{ "text": [ "pull", "gravity", "friction", "magnetic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: pull", "B: gravity", "C: friction", "D: magnetic" ]

Mercury_7109270

Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales?

{ "text": [ "chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean", "average temperatures increased in the region", "depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem", "increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean", "B: average temperatures increased in the region", "C: depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem", "D: increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere" ]

Mercury_7007823

Reading from left to right, elements in the same period on the Periodic Table of the Elements

{ "text": [ "have the same reactivity.", "decrease in atomic mass.", "increase in atomic number.", "have the same number of electrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: have the same reactivity.", "B: decrease in atomic mass.", "C: increase in atomic number.", "D: have the same number of electrons." ]

Mercury_7044660

A device that converts light energy into electricity used in many handheld calculators is a

{ "text": [ "battery.", "photocell.", "photo generator.", "photovoltaic cell." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: battery.", "B: photocell.", "C: photo generator.", "D: photovoltaic cell." ]

ACTAAP_2007_7_12

Which most accurately describes a circle (pie) graph?

{ "text": [ "used to demonstrate change in temperature only", "used to demonstrate change that is continuous", "used to demonstrate change that is not continuous", "used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: used to demonstrate change in temperature only", "B: used to demonstrate change that is continuous", "C: used to demonstrate change that is not continuous", "D: used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data" ]

MCAS_2001_8_6

Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants?

{ "text": [ "only the bees", "only the flowering plants", "both the bees and the flowering plants", "neither the bees nor the flowering plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: only the bees", "B: only the flowering plants", "C: both the bees and the flowering plants", "D: neither the bees nor the flowering plants" ]

Mercury_7122763

The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years?

{ "text": [ "asteroids", "meteorites", "comets", "moons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: asteroids", "B: meteorites", "C: comets", "D: moons" ]

Mercury_7236653

How is the theory of plate tectonics different from a hypothesis regarding a certain aspect of plate movement?

{ "text": [ "The theory addresses an Earth-science topic.", "The theory may change if new evidence emerges.", "The theory explains a number of related observations.", "The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The theory addresses an Earth-science topic.", "B: The theory may change if new evidence emerges.", "C: The theory explains a number of related observations.", "D: The theory can be evaluated by a single-variable experiment." ]

Mercury_7113943

A large quantity of heavy rain falling in a short time period will most likely

{ "text": [ "reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.", "increase the number of minerals in the soil.", "reduce oxygen levels in the soil.", "increase the temperature of the soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.", "B: increase the number of minerals in the soil.", "C: reduce oxygen levels in the soil.", "D: increase the temperature of the soil." ]

Mercury_7197295

An artificial pacemaker is a device that regulates the beat of the heart by an electrical stimulus. Some early pacemakers were powered by batteries and were worn externally with wires passing through the skin to the surface of the heart. Modern pacemakers are now much smaller and are implanted surgically. Which most likely has increased the lifespan and effectiveness of artificial pacemakers?

{ "text": [ "the development of thinner wires", "the invention of lithium batteries", "mass production of pacemaker parts", "reducing the cost of producing pacemakers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: the development of thinner wires", "B: the invention of lithium batteries", "C: mass production of pacemaker parts", "D: reducing the cost of producing pacemakers" ]

TIMSS_2003_8_pg93

A balloon filled with helium gas is set free and starts to move upward. Which of the following best explains why the helium balloon moves upward?

{ "text": [ "The density of helium is less than the density of air.", "The air resistance lifts the balloon up.", "There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons.", "The wind blows the balloon upward." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: The density of helium is less than the density of air.", "B: The air resistance lifts the balloon up.", "C: There is no gravity acting on the helium balloons.", "D: The wind blows the balloon upward." ]

Mercury_416463

Oscar and Andre used a microscope to observe a sample of pond water and drew an example of each type of organism they saw. Then they compared their drawings. They discovered that their drawings of a euglena and a paramecium were alike, but their amoeba drawings had very different shapes. What are two things that Oscar's amoeba could have been doing that made his drawing look different from Andre's?

{ "text": [ "eating and moving", "moving and digesting", "digesting and excreting", "excreting and eating" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: eating and moving", "B: moving and digesting", "C: digesting and excreting", "D: excreting and eating" ]

Mercury_SC_401279

The reading on a barometer rises when the air

{ "text": [ "pressure increases.", "pressure decreases.", "speed increases.", "speed decreases." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: pressure increases.", "B: pressure decreases.", "C: speed increases.", "D: speed decreases." ]

CSZ10373

Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor?

{ "text": [ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: photosynthesis", "B: condensation", "C: evaporation", "D: precipitation" ]

Mercury_7032585

In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's

{ "text": [ "electric charge.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "electron number." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: electric charge.", "B: atomic mass.", "C: atomic number.", "D: electron number." ]