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Mercury_7056630
The best example of heat transfer by convection is when
{ "text": [ "sunlight warms soil.", "a ceiling fan blows air.", "flames heat up a pan.", "heat rises in a chimney." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: sunlight warms soil.", "B: a ceiling fan blows air.", "C: flames heat up a pan.", "D: heat rises in a chimney." ]
Mercury_7119770
A worker needs to load a heavy box onto a truck. The worker uses a ramp to move the box because the ramp
{ "text": [ "increases the weight of the box.", "reduces the gravitational force on the box.", "increases the amount of friction on the box.", "reduces the amount of force applied to the box." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: increases the weight of the box.", "B: reduces the gravitational force on the box.", "C: increases the amount of friction on the box.", "D: reduces the amount of force applied to the box." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_23
A fox grows thicker fur as a season changes. This adaptation helps the fox to
{ "text": [ "find food", "keep warmer", "grow stronger", "escape from predators" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: find food", "B: keep warmer", "C: grow stronger", "D: escape from predators" ]
Mercury_417698
What is the main source of raw material for the production of plastics?
{ "text": [ "clay", "plants", "petroleum", "sand" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: clay", "B: plants", "C: petroleum", "D: sand" ]
MCAS_2010_5_5
The students in an engineering class built a robot that stacks wooden blocks. A built-in computer controls the movement of the robot. The computer in the robot performs a function most similar to which part of the human body?
{ "text": [ "lungs", "heart", "brain", "arms" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: lungs", "B: heart", "C: brain", "D: arms" ]
Mercury_7092050
When sugar is heated on a hot plate, it turns into a liquid. When the liquid sugar is cooled, a hard-crystalline substance is formed. This model best demonstrates the formation of
{ "text": [ "molten rocks.", "igneous rocks.", "sedimentary rocks.", "metamorphic rocks." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: molten rocks.", "B: igneous rocks.", "C: sedimentary rocks.", "D: metamorphic rocks." ]
Mercury_7026670
Which distance is the smallest for which it is most practical to use the light-year as a unit of measurement?
{ "text": [ "the distance between Earth and its Moon", "the distance between Jupiter and the Sun", "the distance between the Milky Way and the nearest galaxy", "the distance between the Sun and the center of the Milky Way" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: the distance between Earth and its Moon", "B: the distance between Jupiter and the Sun", "C: the distance between the Milky Way and the nearest galaxy", "D: the distance between the Sun and the center of the Milky Way" ]
MCAS_2006_9_19
Which of the following devices relies on electromagnetic radiation in the radio wave region of the spectrum for operation?
{ "text": [ "sun tanning lamp", "electric light bulb", "cellular telephone", "electric toaster" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: sun tanning lamp", "B: electric light bulb", "C: cellular telephone", "D: electric toaster" ]
Mercury_7228743
When a tree suffers from a decreased ability to transport materials within the phloem, what is directly impacted?
{ "text": [ "volume of water in the xylem", "flow of necessary nutrients", "response to environmental factors", "rate of photosynthesis in leaves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: volume of water in the xylem", "B: flow of necessary nutrients", "C: response to environmental factors", "D: rate of photosynthesis in leaves" ]
Mercury_7009415
Strontium, barium, and radium are grouped together on the Periodic Table of the Elements because they all have
{ "text": [ "a bright silver and white coloring.", "similar electron configurations.", "strong radioactive properties.", "few or no stable isotopes." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: a bright silver and white coloring.", "B: similar electron configurations.", "C: strong radioactive properties.", "D: few or no stable isotopes." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_15
An example of a poor health habit is
{ "text": [ "taking a bath or shower regularly", "handwashing after using the bathroom", "playing on a soccer team", "eating candy instead of lunch" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: taking a bath or shower regularly", "B: handwashing after using the bathroom", "C: playing on a soccer team", "D: eating candy instead of lunch" ]
Mercury_183050
What type of inheritance controls blood types in humans?
{ "text": [ "incomplete dominance", "polygenic inheritance", "multiple alleles", "recessive genes" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: incomplete dominance", "B: polygenic inheritance", "C: multiple alleles", "D: recessive genes" ]
Mercury_7085540
Minerals can be identified using hardness, streak, and cleavage because
{ "text": [ "minerals are inorganic.", "crystal structure is too hard to determine.", "crystal size is determined by the environment.", "minerals have different recognizable properties." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: minerals are inorganic.", "B: crystal structure is too hard to determine.", "C: crystal size is determined by the environment.", "D: minerals have different recognizable properties." ]
Mercury_7044258
What is the process that produces energy in the Sun for billions of years?
{ "text": [ "fission", "fusion", "solar winds", "solar radiation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: fission", "B: fusion", "C: solar winds", "D: solar radiation" ]
Mercury_7068793
Which statement is an opinion?
{ "text": [ "Chemistry and Physics are major branches of science.", "Life Science is a subject filled with interesting information.", "Geology and Oceanography are subjects in Earth Science.", "Biology is a science that studies complex organisms." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: Chemistry and Physics are major branches of science.", "B: Life Science is a subject filled with interesting information.", "C: Geology and Oceanography are subjects in Earth Science.", "D: Biology is a science that studies complex organisms." ]
Mercury_403253
Decomposers are organisms that obtain their food from dead organisms. Which of these would be classified as decomposers?
{ "text": [ "algae, plants", "snakes, wolves, whales", "deer, rabbits, mice", "bacteria, fungi" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: algae, plants", "B: snakes, wolves, whales", "C: deer, rabbits, mice", "D: bacteria, fungi" ]
Mercury_7174790
DNA molecules contain the genetic information that determines the characteristics of a living organism. How do DNA molecules express the genetic information they contain?
{ "text": [ "by breaking down proteins within the cell", "by directing the process of protein synthesis", "by regulating the storage of cellular proteins", "by controlling the movement of protein molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: by breaking down proteins within the cell", "B: by directing the process of protein synthesis", "C: by regulating the storage of cellular proteins", "D: by controlling the movement of protein molecules" ]
TIMSS_2003_8_pg17
Fossil fuels were formed from
{ "text": [ "volcanoes", "the remains of living things", "gases in the atmosphere", "water trapped inside rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: volcanoes", "B: the remains of living things", "C: gases in the atmosphere", "D: water trapped inside rocks" ]
Mercury_189700
Which of the following remains constant in Earth's carbon cycle?
{ "text": [ "the total mass of available carbon", "the way organisms use carbon", "the physical state of carbon-containing molecules", "the molecule in which a particular carbon atom is found" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: the total mass of available carbon", "B: the way organisms use carbon", "C: the physical state of carbon-containing molecules", "D: the molecule in which a particular carbon atom is found" ]
AIMS_2008_4_9
Which invention has technology that helps people keep food fresh for a long period of time?
{ "text": [ "dishwasher", "refrigerator", "electric mixer", "microwave oven" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: dishwasher", "B: refrigerator", "C: electric mixer", "D: microwave oven" ]
Mercury_7184660
A student is designing a model of the solar system and writing a report. She is trying to be as accurate as possible. Which statement should she include in her report?
{ "text": [ "The distance between the Sun and Earth is measured in light years.", "Jupiter and Uranus are considered to be terrestrial planets.", "The asteroid belt is located between Jupiter and Saturn.", "The orbit of Mars is similar to the orbit of Saturn." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: The distance between the Sun and Earth is measured in light years.", "B: Jupiter and Uranus are considered to be terrestrial planets.", "C: The asteroid belt is located between Jupiter and Saturn.", "D: The orbit of Mars is similar to the orbit of Saturn." ]
Mercury_SC_408356
Stacey picks apples and puts them in a basket. When she puts her basket on a scale, the scale reads two kilograms (kg). What property is Stacey measuring?
{ "text": [ "height", "weight", "temperature", "volume" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: height", "B: weight", "C: temperature", "D: volume" ]
Mercury_SC_401184
Which feature is a physical property of copper?
{ "text": [ "insulates heat", "conducts electricity", "strong magnetic force", "liquid at room temperature" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: insulates heat", "B: conducts electricity", "C: strong magnetic force", "D: liquid at room temperature" ]
Mercury_SC_415490
Which term describes Earth's orbit around the Sun?
{ "text": [ "day", "revolution", "month", "rotation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: day", "B: revolution", "C: month", "D: rotation" ]
Mercury_SC_400011
How do the waxy stem covering and needle-shaped leaves improve the ability of a cactus to survive in the desert?
{ "text": [ "They make the plant appetizing to small desert animals.", "They prevent the loss of oxygen through photosynthesis.", "They reduce the loss of water from the plant to the air.", "They provide the storage space for different types of minerals." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: They make the plant appetizing to small desert animals.", "B: They prevent the loss of oxygen through photosynthesis.", "C: They reduce the loss of water from the plant to the air.", "D: They provide the storage space for different types of minerals." ]
Mercury_7216405
Which characteristic of a cell membrane allows it to control materials entering and leaving a cell?
{ "text": [ "A cell membrane is surrounded by fluid.", "A cell membrane is semipermeable.", "A cell membrane holds organelles in place.", "A cell membrane is found in plant and animal cells." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: A cell membrane is surrounded by fluid.", "B: A cell membrane is semipermeable.", "C: A cell membrane holds organelles in place.", "D: A cell membrane is found in plant and animal cells." ]
Mercury_7074883
Which statement about all living organisms is true?
{ "text": [ "They have limbs.", "They produce their own food.", "They breathe air.", "They have at least one cell." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: They have limbs.", "B: They produce their own food.", "C: They breathe air.", "D: They have at least one cell." ]
AKDE&ED_2008_4_14
The length of daylight changes as the seasons change during the year. What causes these changes in daylight?
{ "text": [ "Earth's tilt on its axis", "the Sun's tilt on its axis", "Earth spinning on its axis", "the Sun spinning on its axis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: Earth's tilt on its axis", "B: the Sun's tilt on its axis", "C: Earth spinning on its axis", "D: the Sun spinning on its axis" ]
Mercury_7011200
The populations of black rhinoceroses have been impacted by human interactions to the point of being endangered. Which interaction best explains why the black rhino is now endangered?
{ "text": [ "over hunting", "water pollution", "airborne diseases", "increased deforestation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: over hunting", "B: water pollution", "C: airborne diseases", "D: increased deforestation" ]
Mercury_SC_405714
A student had a cup of ice while working outside. After a while, the ice melted because the Sun emits energy in the form of light and
{ "text": [ "electricity.", "heat.", "magnetism.", "sound." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: electricity.", "B: heat.", "C: magnetism.", "D: sound." ]
Mercury_7227868
What characteristic of viruses distinguishes them from cells?
{ "text": [ "They do not have hereditary material.", "They are not separated from their environments.", "They lack an independent metabolism.", "Their traits do not evolve in response to selection pressures." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: They do not have hereditary material.", "B: They are not separated from their environments.", "C: They lack an independent metabolism.", "D: Their traits do not evolve in response to selection pressures." ]
Mercury_182595
The energy required to lift an object is supplied by ATP derived from the breakdown of molecules of
{ "text": [ "glutamate.", "glycerol.", "glycolysis.", "glucose." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: glutamate.", "B: glycerol.", "C: glycolysis.", "D: glucose." ]
Mercury_7194390
Living cells synthesize long chains of amino acids called proteins. Which substance provides the information needed to correctly sequence the amino acids during protein synthesis?
{ "text": [ "ATP", "mRNA", "tRNA", "DNA" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: ATP", "B: mRNA", "C: tRNA", "D: DNA" ]
Mercury_7251090
Which of these makes it possible for hurricanes to form?
{ "text": [ "water depth", "water clarity", "water salinity", "water temperature" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: water depth", "B: water clarity", "C: water salinity", "D: water temperature" ]
Mercury_SC_400527
Most types of cacti survive the dry conditions of a desert because they hold water in their stems. This is an example of
{ "text": [ "a niche.", "a species.", "an adaptation.", "an ecosystem." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: a niche.", "B: a species.", "C: an adaptation.", "D: an ecosystem." ]
Mercury_7217858
High-altitude cirrus clouds are primarily formed from which substance?
{ "text": [ "carbon dioxide gas", "solid ice crystals", "nitrogen compounds", "ozone molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: carbon dioxide gas", "B: solid ice crystals", "C: nitrogen compounds", "D: ozone molecules" ]
AKDE&ED_2012_8_28
During a lab investigation a scientist heats a solid substance. The scientist observes that the solid has two different melting points. The scientist is able to separate the two resulting liquids. Which statement best classifies the original solid substance?
{ "text": [ "It was an atom.", "It was a mixture.", "It was an element.", "It was a compound." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: It was an atom.", "B: It was a mixture.", "C: It was an element.", "D: It was a compound." ]
LEAP_2002_8_10388
Over a long period of time, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees to fertilize their seeds. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that
{ "text": [ "grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.", "change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.", "have always attracted many other insects as well as honey bees.", "have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.", "B: change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.", "C: have always attracted many other insects as well as honey bees.", "D: have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment." ]
Mercury_SC_413080
Which landforms are most like hills but are much taller?
{ "text": [ "caves", "mountains", "plains", "valleys" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: caves", "B: mountains", "C: plains", "D: valleys" ]
MEA_2016_8_17
What is the basic unit of life?
{ "text": [ "atom", "cell", "element", "nucleus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: atom", "B: cell", "C: element", "D: nucleus" ]
MCAS_2004_8_29
About how many Earth days does it take the Moon to travel around Earth?
{ "text": [ "1", "27", "180", "365" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: 1", "B: 27", "C: 180", "D: 365" ]
Mercury_7214690
Students studying the atmosphere want to display the percentage of each greenhouse gas as compared to the total amount of greenhouse gases found in the atmosphere. Which representation would be most appropriate for displaying these percentages?
{ "text": [ "bar graph", "line graph", "pie chart", "data table" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: bar graph", "B: line graph", "C: pie chart", "D: data table" ]
Mercury_7234325
The Himalayan Mountain chain is the youngest and tallest mountain chain on Earth. Which phenomenon contributed most to this area of continental buildup?
{ "text": [ "erosion of surrounding continental materials", "eruptions of continental shield volcanoes", "convergence of continental plates", "subsidence of continental landmass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: erosion of surrounding continental materials", "B: eruptions of continental shield volcanoes", "C: convergence of continental plates", "D: subsidence of continental landmass" ]
ACTAAP_2010_7_4
A large cold front is moving past the school on a hot, humid summer day. Which best describes the type of weather as the cold front passes by?
{ "text": [ "A drought", "A monsoon", "A hurricane", "A thunderstorm" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: A drought", "B: A monsoon", "C: A hurricane", "D: A thunderstorm" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_41
Growth and repair in multicellular organisms are the result of
{ "text": [ "excretion", "locomotion", "cell division", "decomposition" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
3
[ "1: excretion", "2: locomotion", "3: cell division", "4: decomposition" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_22
A girl signals her friend by shining a flashlight on a mirror. Her friend can see the signal because
{ "text": [ "heat energy can be transferred from one object to another", "mechanical energy can be transferred from one object to another", "sound energy can be reflected from one object to another", "light energy can be reflected from one object to another" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: heat energy can be transferred from one object to another", "B: mechanical energy can be transferred from one object to another", "C: sound energy can be reflected from one object to another", "D: light energy can be reflected from one object to another" ]
VASoL_2007_3_31
If a wooded area is cleared and corn is planted, what will MOST likely happen?
{ "text": [ "Animal habitats will be destroyed.", "The air will become polluted.", "Weather patterns will change.", "Underground streams will get polluted." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: Animal habitats will be destroyed.", "B: The air will become polluted.", "C: Weather patterns will change.", "D: Underground streams will get polluted." ]
Mercury_7186970
Warm water contains less dissolved oxygen than colder water. Which population will be most affected by a long period of hot, dry days?
{ "text": [ "fish in ponds", "fish in oceans", "plants in lakes", "plants in streams" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: fish in ponds", "B: fish in oceans", "C: plants in lakes", "D: plants in streams" ]
MCAS_2004_8_31
Which of the following is most responsible for the decay of dead organisms?
{ "text": [ "water", "mammals", "microorganisms", "nitrogen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: water", "B: mammals", "C: microorganisms", "D: nitrogen" ]
Mercury_SC_402266
When a book is dropped onto a wooden desk, the molecules in the wood begin to vibrate from the force of the book. Which of these is produced by the vibrations?
{ "text": [ "friction", "interference", "sound waves", "ultrasonic waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: friction", "B: interference", "C: sound waves", "D: ultrasonic waves" ]
Mercury_7123288
In 1976, the Viking I Lander was sent to Mars to analyze atmospheric gases and soil samples. The Viking I Lander was most likely a
{ "text": [ "space probe.", "space shuttle.", "lunar module.", "natural satellite." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: space probe.", "B: space shuttle.", "C: lunar module.", "D: natural satellite." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_8_12
Which action forms a different chemical substance?
{ "text": [ "crushing a rock", "burning a piece of wood", "mixing salt and pepper", "melting an ice cube" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
2
[ "1: crushing a rock", "2: burning a piece of wood", "3: mixing salt and pepper", "4: melting an ice cube" ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_58
Why do dogs have most of the characteristics of their parents?
{ "text": [ "They inherit them from their parents.", "They live in the same habitats as their parents.", "They learn them by observing their parents.", "They eat the same foods as their parents." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: They inherit them from their parents.", "B: They live in the same habitats as their parents.", "C: They learn them by observing their parents.", "D: They eat the same foods as their parents." ]
Mercury_SC_401362
Which describes a specific characteristic necessary for survival in the desert?
{ "text": [ "conserving water", "hiding from predators", "hibernating for long periods", "producing many offspring" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: conserving water", "B: hiding from predators", "C: hibernating for long periods", "D: producing many offspring" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_4_14
Frogs lay eggs that develop into tadpoles and then into adult frogs. This sequence of changes is an example of how living things
{ "text": [ "go through a life cycle", "form a food web", "act as a source of food", "affect other parts of the ecosystem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: go through a life cycle", "B: form a food web", "C: act as a source of food", "D: affect other parts of the ecosystem" ]
Mercury_404985
Quartz and feldspar are two common minerals. When they are found mixed together in nature they form
{ "text": [ "rocks.", "magma.", "soil deposits.", "organic material." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: rocks.", "B: magma.", "C: soil deposits.", "D: organic material." ]
Mercury_7264058
Atoms of which of these elements are part of many organic molecules?
{ "text": [ "calcium", "magnesium", "oxygen", "silicon" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: calcium", "B: magnesium", "C: oxygen", "D: silicon" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_9
Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
{ "text": [ "metal fork", "rubber boot", "plastic spoon", "wooden bat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: metal fork", "B: rubber boot", "C: plastic spoon", "D: wooden bat" ]
Mercury_7032655
An element with which property would be best to use in electrical wiring?
{ "text": [ "insulator", "conductor", "malleable", "porous" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: insulator", "B: conductor", "C: malleable", "D: porous" ]
MSA_2013_5_12
A large rock breaks into small pieces within 10 years. Which process is most likely responsible for breaking the large rock into small pieces within 10 years?
{ "text": [ "steady winds blowing throughout the years", "gentle rain falling during each spring and fall", "lack of rain falling during a four-year drought", "water repeatedly freezing and thawing in a crack" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: steady winds blowing throughout the years", "B: gentle rain falling during each spring and fall", "C: lack of rain falling during a four-year drought", "D: water repeatedly freezing and thawing in a crack" ]
Mercury_SC_407787
Paco throws a ball. What force pulls the ball down toward the ground?
{ "text": [ "friction", "gravity", "inertia", "momentum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: friction", "B: gravity", "C: inertia", "D: momentum" ]
Mercury_SC_401289
Which is a unit of measure for length?
{ "text": [ "meters", "degrees", "milliliters", "atmospheres" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: meters", "B: degrees", "C: milliliters", "D: atmospheres" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_5
Movement of Earth's crust along plate boundaries produces
{ "text": [ "fronts", "tides", "hurricanes", "earthquakes" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
4
[ "1: fronts", "2: tides", "3: hurricanes", "4: earthquakes" ]
Mercury_7107958
The praying mantis is well camouflaged in its natural habitat. What is a benefit of this adaptation?
{ "text": [ "It increases the mutation rate of favorable genes.", "It reduces the risk of being eaten by a predator.", "It allows absorption of chlorophyll from plants.", "It improves the chances of finding a mate." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: It increases the mutation rate of favorable genes.", "B: It reduces the risk of being eaten by a predator.", "C: It allows absorption of chlorophyll from plants.", "D: It improves the chances of finding a mate." ]
Mercury_7212415
The Greek philosopher Aristotle described matter with the phrase "unable to be divided." The modern concept that grew from Aristotle's idea is the
{ "text": [ "atom.", "proton.", "neutron.", "electron." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: atom.", "B: proton.", "C: neutron.", "D: electron." ]
MSA_2015_5_39
Paleontologists often find and study the remains of ancient plants and animals. When the remains of ancient plants and animals are covered by layers of sediment over time, the remains
{ "text": [ "melt", "dissolve", "become a fossil", "evaporate into vapor" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: melt", "B: dissolve", "C: become a fossil", "D: evaporate into vapor" ]
MCAS_2006_8_2
What are the basic structural units of living organisms?
{ "text": [ "cells", "nuclei", "organs", "tissues" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: cells", "B: nuclei", "C: organs", "D: tissues" ]
Mercury_7086135
A student is visiting a local limestone quarry and finds fossils of seashells. The quarry is located hundreds of miles from the ocean. The fossils best indicate that
{ "text": [ "this area was once below sea level.", "global temperature changed over time.", "erosion took place after a flood.", "volcanic activity affected the area." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: this area was once below sea level.", "B: global temperature changed over time.", "C: erosion took place after a flood.", "D: volcanic activity affected the area." ]
NCEOGA_2013_5_47
What happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day?
{ "text": [ "decrease in weight", "increase in weight", "decrease in length", "increase in length" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: decrease in weight", "B: increase in weight", "C: decrease in length", "D: increase in length" ]
Mercury_7191590
Jake is testing how light affects plant growth. He grows two plants in identical pots with the same amount of water and fertilizer. Jake grows one of the plants in the sun, and the other in the shade. Which part of Jake's process indicates that there is a control for this investigation?
{ "text": [ "He is growing plants in identical pots.", "He is using the same amount of water.", "He is growing one plant out of the sun.", "He is using the same amount of fertilizer." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: He is growing plants in identical pots.", "B: He is using the same amount of water.", "C: He is growing one plant out of the sun.", "D: He is using the same amount of fertilizer." ]
Mercury_SC_400043
Which stage of a frog's life cycle can be compared to a plant seed growing into a new plant?
{ "text": [ "when frog eggs are laid in water", "when frog eggs hatch into tadpoles", "when tadpoles live in water and breathe with gills", "when frogs use lungs for breathing out of water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: when frog eggs are laid in water", "B: when frog eggs hatch into tadpoles", "C: when tadpoles live in water and breathe with gills", "D: when frogs use lungs for breathing out of water" ]
Mercury_7264075
Which of these elements is likely to be found in an organic compound?
{ "text": [ "helium", "hydrogen", "mercury", "tin" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: helium", "B: hydrogen", "C: mercury", "D: tin" ]
Mercury_7249498
What statement describes what happens to the carbon dioxide waste produced by a developing baby during pregnancy?
{ "text": [ "It is carried by the umbilical cord to the placenta and then to the mother's blood.", "It is released from the fetus by its breathing and then is absorbed by the placenta.", "It is released through the fetal urine and then exits through the umbilical cord.", "It is carried through shared blood vessels and then to the mother's lungs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: It is carried by the umbilical cord to the placenta and then to the mother's blood.", "B: It is released from the fetus by its breathing and then is absorbed by the placenta.", "C: It is released through the fetal urine and then exits through the umbilical cord.", "D: It is carried through shared blood vessels and then to the mother's lungs." ]
Mercury_7082775
Which part of the atom has a negative charge?
{ "text": [ "neutron", "nucleus", "electron", "proton" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: neutron", "B: nucleus", "C: electron", "D: proton" ]
Mercury_SC_415347
Which is a learned behavior?
{ "text": [ "A dog uses its tongue to drink.", "A robin holds a branch with its feet.", "A chimpanzee digs for termites with a stick.", "A worm moves to the top of flooded ground." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: A dog uses its tongue to drink.", "B: A robin holds a branch with its feet.", "C: A chimpanzee digs for termites with a stick.", "D: A worm moves to the top of flooded ground." ]
Mercury_406774
Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are
{ "text": [ "unicellular.", "multicellular.", "genetically varied.", "genetically identical." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: unicellular.", "B: multicellular.", "C: genetically varied.", "D: genetically identical." ]
TAKS_2009_5_39
Crows are found throughout many parts of the world. They are black birds with excellent hearing. In the wild they live for six to seven years. Some crows in Japan open hard-shelled nuts by dropping them in front of moving cars. Which of these is a learned behavior?
{ "text": [ "Having excellent hearing", "Living six to seven years", "Dropping nuts in front of cars", "Having black feathers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: Having excellent hearing", "B: Living six to seven years", "C: Dropping nuts in front of cars", "D: Having black feathers" ]
Mercury_SC_401625
Which object would best help a student determine if a block of an unknown material is magnetic?
{ "text": [ "wooden ruler", "paper clip", "glass marble", "magnifying glass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: wooden ruler", "B: paper clip", "C: glass marble", "D: magnifying glass" ]
OHAT_2007_5_23
About how much of Earth's surface is covered by oceans?
{ "text": [ "less than 20%", "about 50%", "about 70%", "more than 90%" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: less than 20%", "B: about 50%", "C: about 70%", "D: more than 90%" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_42
Sound will not travel in a
{ "text": [ "solid", "liquid", "gas", "vacuum" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
4
[ "1: solid", "2: liquid", "3: gas", "4: vacuum" ]
Mercury_SC_407452
What supplies most of the energy that plants need to make food?
{ "text": [ "rain", "wind", "minerals", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: rain", "B: wind", "C: minerals", "D: sunlight" ]
MCAS_2015_5_13
Which of the following is the main role of flowers found on most flowering plants?
{ "text": [ "to take in air", "to produce seeds", "to absorb nutrients", "to protect the stem" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: to take in air", "B: to produce seeds", "C: to absorb nutrients", "D: to protect the stem" ]
ACTAAP_2007_7_6
Which adaptation will warn predators not to eat an animal?
{ "text": [ "bright colors", "bulging eyes", "geometric shapes", "poisonous secretions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: bright colors", "B: bulging eyes", "C: geometric shapes", "D: poisonous secretions" ]
Mercury_7115343
The cones of a jack pine tree require great amounts of heat to release their seeds. When are jack pine tree seeds most likely released?
{ "text": [ "during a flood", "after a fire", "during a drought", "after a disease" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: during a flood", "B: after a fire", "C: during a drought", "D: after a disease" ]
Mercury_SC_LBS10764
When a thin slice from an onion is viewed through a microscope, lots of little box-like shapes are seen. These shapes are most likely
{ "text": [ "atoms.", "dust.", "cells.", "bubbles." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: atoms.", "B: dust.", "C: cells.", "D: bubbles." ]
Mercury_7038710
Which is an example of substances reacting chemically?
{ "text": [ "iron and oxygen forming rust", "paper being cut into small pieces", "chocolate melting in a pan", "flour and sugar mixed together in a bowl" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: iron and oxygen forming rust", "B: paper being cut into small pieces", "C: chocolate melting in a pan", "D: flour and sugar mixed together in a bowl" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_8
An object's hardness, taste, and texture are examples of
{ "text": [ "principles", "stages", "properties", "processes" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: principles", "B: stages", "C: properties", "D: processes" ]
MDSA_2011_4_33
Some objects conduct electricity. Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
{ "text": [ "a metal fork", "a wood spoon", "a plastic comb", "a rubber eraser" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
A
[ "A: a metal fork", "B: a wood spoon", "C: a plastic comb", "D: a rubber eraser" ]
Mercury_182210
Which of the following eras is known as the "Age of Mammals"?
{ "text": [ "Precambrian", "Paleozoic", "Mesozoic", "Cenozoic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: Precambrian", "B: Paleozoic", "C: Mesozoic", "D: Cenozoic" ]
AKDE&ED_2008_4_27
In Alaska, there are fewer hours of daylight in the winter than in the summer. Which statement best explains why this difference occurs?
{ "text": [ "The Sun burns hotter in the summer.", "The Sun moves below the horizon in the summer.", "The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun in the winter.", "The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in the winter." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
D
[ "A: The Sun burns hotter in the summer.", "B: The Sun moves below the horizon in the summer.", "C: The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun in the winter.", "D: The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in the winter." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_30
Most of Earth's major earthquakes are caused by
{ "text": [ "seasonal heating and cooling of Earth's surface", "weathering of rock at Earth's surface", "Earth's gravitational attraction to the Moon", "faulting of rock in Earth's crust" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }
4
[ "1: seasonal heating and cooling of Earth's surface", "2: weathering of rock at Earth's surface", "3: Earth's gravitational attraction to the Moon", "4: faulting of rock in Earth's crust" ]
Mercury_177083
A girl with long hair is going to be participating in an experiment that uses an alcohol burner for an energy source. What is the best thing for her to do to prepare for this experiment?
{ "text": [ "leave her large jacket in her locker for the day", "use goggles during the experiment", "tie her hair back away from her face", "wear a lab apron during the experiment" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: leave her large jacket in her locker for the day", "B: use goggles during the experiment", "C: tie her hair back away from her face", "D: wear a lab apron during the experiment" ]
Mercury_7107223
Which factor would have the greatest influence on the southern migration of animals living in the Northern Hemisphere?
{ "text": [ "strong storms", "long periods of drought", "cold air temperatures", "increasing daylight hours" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: strong storms", "B: long periods of drought", "C: cold air temperatures", "D: increasing daylight hours" ]
Mercury_405768
What carries oxygen throughout the body?
{ "text": [ "white blood cells", "brain", "red blood cells", "nerves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: white blood cells", "B: brain", "C: red blood cells", "D: nerves" ]
Mercury_SC_401301
Which is the best example of an inherited behavior?
{ "text": [ "a bear knowing the best place to catch salmon", "a cat clawing on a tree to sharpen its claws", "a dog coming when it hears a bell", "a horse trotting its way back to the barn" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: a bear knowing the best place to catch salmon", "B: a cat clawing on a tree to sharpen its claws", "C: a dog coming when it hears a bell", "D: a horse trotting its way back to the barn" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_15
What do all animals need in order to survive?
{ "text": [ "rocks, water, and soil", "water, air, and food", "air, rocks, and sunlight", "food, soil, and sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
B
[ "A: rocks, water, and soil", "B: water, air, and food", "C: air, rocks, and sunlight", "D: food, soil, and sunlight" ]
Mercury_7109025
Estella spilled tomato sauce on her shirt. When she washed her shirt, she noticed that the detergent she used contained enzymes. Enzymes are added to detergents to break down proteins from food and other substances that may stain clothing. Which would most likely inhibit the ability of the enzymes to remove the stain on her shirt?
{ "text": [ "the amount of dissolved minerals in the water", "the type of fibers from which her shirt was made", "the temperature of the water", "the fragrances in the detergent" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: the amount of dissolved minerals in the water", "B: the type of fibers from which her shirt was made", "C: the temperature of the water", "D: the fragrances in the detergent" ]
CSZ30661
Which of the following best describes an atom?
{ "text": [ "protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern", "protons and electrons grouped together in an alternating pattern", "a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons", "a core of electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: protons and electrons grouped together in a random pattern", "B: protons and electrons grouped together in an alternating pattern", "C: a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons", "D: a core of electrons and neutrons surrounded by protons" ]
MCAS_2004_9_12
At a weightlifting competition, two competitors lifted the same weight to the same height. The second competitor accomplished the lift 2 seconds faster than the first competitor. This demonstrated that the second competitor had more
{ "text": [ "energy than the first.", "inertia than the first.", "power than the first.", "work than the first." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: energy than the first.", "B: inertia than the first.", "C: power than the first.", "D: work than the first." ]
Mercury_7197943
The fur color of a bear varies with its environment. Polar bears found in the Arctic have white fur, while black bears found in Pennsylvania have dark fur. Which best describes the variation of fur color amongst the bear species?
{ "text": [ "modified characteristic", "ecological succession", "structural adaptation", "selective breeding" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }
C
[ "A: modified characteristic", "B: ecological succession", "C: structural adaptation", "D: selective breeding" ]