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"200m freestyle women\n\nPlease note that because a number of anti-doping rules violations procedures are still in progress – including procedures involving medalists further to the results of the retesting programmes carried out on the samples collected in Beijing 2008 and London 2012- the information contained in the list is not final"
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"Theoretical and experimental investigation into a eutectic system of 3,4-dinitropyrazole and 1-methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole.",
"\nEutectic mixtures of 3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP) and 1-methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole (MTNP) were investigated by theoretical and experimental methods. ",
"The mass ratio of DNP and MTNP ranged from 0:100 to 100:0. ",
"Melting points of the mixtures were predicted through observing the inflection point of a specific volume vs. temperature in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. ",
"The results are in good agreement with experimental results obtained from the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) study. ",
"The binding energy of a 50/50 DNP/MTNP eutectic mixture is lower than those of other mixtures, in accordance with the common sense that the melting point of materials is linked to the strength of intermolecular interactions. ",
"There are definitely hydrogen bonds and dispersion interactions between DNP and MTNP based on the analyses of interaction energy, atom in molecules (AIM), and reduced density gradient (RDG). ",
"The eutectic mixture would be encouraged to be used in melt-cast explosives because of the favorable sensitivity to heat and impact, great detonation performances, acceptable vacuum stability and excellent compatibility with high explosives. ",
"Graphical abstract The eutectic mixture of DNP and MTNP were investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quantum chemistry calculations. ",
"The predicted melting points of mixtures are in good agreement with the experimental data. ",
"The eutectic mixture shows good stability."
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"In which we conclude our two-part discussion of The Cybernetic Brain, by Andrew Pickering. ",
"This episode covers the chapter on Stafford Beer, and the final chapter, \"Sketches of Another Future\".",
"\n\nIf you like the show, consider supporting us on Patreon.",
"\n\nLinks:"
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[
") = -d - 5. ",
"Let r(h) = -h - 4. ",
"Let x(j) = l*r(j) + 4*c(j). ",
"Determine x(v(z)).",
"\n5*z\nLet y(c) = 11*c**2. ",
"Let k(n) = n**2 + 163*n. ",
"What is k(y(w))?",
"\n121*w**4 + 1793*w**2\nLet f(n) be the third derivative of -n**4/12 + n**2. ",
"Let q(r) = 1. ",
"Let m(o) = 5*o - 25. ",
"Let z(s) = m(s) + 25*q(s). ",
"Give f(z(d)).",
"\n-10*d\nLet j(x) = 5*x. ",
"Let g(l) be the third derivative of l**5/30 - 7*l**2. ",
"Give g(j(c)).",
"\n50*c**2\nLet k(r) be the third derivative of 5*r**4/24 + 4*r**2. ",
"Let n(p) be the first derivative of -p**2/2 - 2. ",
"Calculate n(k(u)).",
"\n-5*u\nLet z(d) = d**2 - 7*d. ",
"Let t = 14 + -10. ",
"Let r(p) = p**2 - 4*p. ",
"Let h(y) = t*z(y) - 7*r(y). ",
"Let k(a) = -2*a**2. ",
"Calculate h(k(v)).",
"\n-12*v**4\nLet j(q) = -5*q**2. ",
"Let k(g) = -472*g. ",
"Give k(j(o)).",
"\n2360*o**2\nLet u(p) = p**2. ",
"Let h(n) = -2*n - 4. ",
"Let a(f) = 3*f + 5. ",
"Let v(z) = 4*a(z) + 5*h(z). ",
"Determine u(v(g)).",
"\n4*g**2\nLet x(h) = -5*h. ",
"Let q(y) = -7*y**2 + 3. ",
"Let u(t) = -48*t**2 + 20. ",
"Let z(k) = -20*q(k) + 3*u(k). ",
"Give z(x(w)).",
"\n-100*w**2\nLet g be ((-4)/3)/((-2)/9). ",
"Let k(s) = 0*s - 2*s + g*s. ",
"Let h(q) be the first derivative of -2*q**3/3 + 8. ",
"Calculate h(k(i)).",
"\n-32*i**2\nLet k(i) = 3*i. ",
"Let x(r) = -8*r + 5. ",
"Give x(k(o)).",
"\n-24*o + 5\nLet f(r) = 3*r. ",
"Let j(h) = -54*h**2. ",
"What is f(j(o))?",
"\n-162*o**2\nLet p(b) = -3*b + b + b. Let c = 9 - 5. ",
"Let s(n) = 0 + c*n + 0. ",
"What is s(p(w))?",
"\n-4*w\nLet q(d) = 86*d. ",
"Let b(m) = 119*m**2. ",
"Calculate q(b(y)).",
"\n10234*y**2\nLet l(r) = -5*r. ",
"Let t(m) = 27*m**2. ",
"What is l(t(y))?",
"\n-135*y**2\nLet d(w) be the second derivative of w**4/6 - 6*w. ",
"Let y(h) = h**2. ",
"Determine d(y(j)).",
"\n2*j**4\nLet o(v) = 2*v**2. ",
"Let u(p) = 13*p - 7. ",
"Let r(s) = -5*s + 2. ",
"Let q(n) = 21*r(n) + 6*u(n). ",
"Determine q(o(w)).",
"\n-54*w**2\nLet i(v) = 8*v**2. ",
"Let m(q) = 0*q - 3*q + 2*q. ",
"What is m(i(x))?",
"\n-8*x**2\nLet s(p) be the third derivative of p**4/24 - 6*p**2. ",
"Let t(d) = 12*d**2. ",
"What is s(t(o))?",
"\n12*o**2\nLet r(p) = -p. ",
"Suppose 0 = 2*v + 2*l + 10, -v - 2*l = l + 15. ",
"Suppose v = 5*s - 6 - 4. ",
"Let i(h) = h**s - 5*h**2 + 2*h**2. ",
"Calculate i(r(x)).",
"\n-2*x**2\nLet r(i) = -39*i**2. ",
"Let c(p) = 16*p**2. ",
"Give r(c(u)).",
"\n-9984*u**4\nLet z(k) = -3*k**2. ",
"Let r(u) = 7 + 9 - 16 + 21*u. ",
"What is r(z(n))?",
"\n-63*n**2\nLet d(l) = -2*l. ",
"Let u(z) = 3060*z**2 + z. What is u(d(t))?",
"\n12240*t**2 - 2*t\nSuppose v + 2 = 2*v. ",
"Let g(k) = -k + k - 2*k**v. ",
"Let u(b) be the third derivative of -b**4/12 + b**2. ",
"Determine u(g(j)).",
"\n4*j**2\nLet r(w) = -1130*w**2. ",
"Let i(p) = 12*p**2. ",
"Determine r(i(n)).",
"\n-162720*n**4\nLet o(a) = -12*a**2. ",
"Let l(w) = 5*w**2 - 4*w + 4. ",
"Let p(h) = 4*h**2 - 3*h + 3. ",
"Let m(b) = -3*l(b) + 4*p(b). ",
"Determine m(o(q)).",
"\n144*q**4\nSuppose -4*g = -5*t - 288, -6 = -g + 3*t + 66. ",
"Let q(x) = -g + 2*x + 72. ",
"Let a(r) = 11*r**2. ",
"Calculate a(q(j)).",
"\n44*j**2\nLet u(g) = -g - 5 + 5 + 3*g. ",
"Let l(j) = -3*j**2. ",
"Determine u(l(q)).",
"\n-6*q**2\nLet r(i) = 0*i - 5*i**2 + 3*i**2 + 0*i. ",
"Let u(c) = 6*c. ",
"Give r(u(z)).",
"\n-72*z**2\nLet s(o) = 4*o. ",
"Let y(r) be the first derivative of 2*r**2 - 8. ",
"Give s(y(a)).",
"\n16*a\nLet u(w) = -w. ",
"Let n(p) = -6*p**2 - p - 1600. ",
"What is u(n(j))?",
"\n6*j**2 + j + 1600\nLet i(a) = 2. ",
"Let n(k) = k**2 + 19 + 11 - 27. ",
"Let f(c) = -c**2 + 7*c - 7. ",
"Let o be f(5). ",
"Let p(t) = o*i(t) - 2*n(t). ",
"Let y(s) = 2*s**2. ",
"Give y(p(g)).",
"\n8*g**4\nLet m(o) = -o. ",
"Let g be (-2)/6*0 + 2. ",
"Suppose -2 + 6 = p, 2*j = g*p. ",
"Let b(i) = 2*i**2 + j*i + i - 5*i. ",
"Determine b(m(d)).",
"\n2*d**2\nLet z(k) = 2*k**2. ",
"Suppose -3*a + 3 = w, 0 = -2*a + a + 5*w - 15. ",
"Let v(j) be the second derivative of 0*j**3 + 1/6*j**4 - j + a + 0*j**2. ",
"Give v(z(o)).",
"\n8*o**4\nLet u(i) be the first derivative of -i**5/30 - i**2/2 + 3. ",
"Let z(b) be the second derivative of u(b). ",
"Let s(w) = -w**2. ",
"Calculate z(s(c)).",
"\n-2*c**4\nLet i(w) = -8*w. ",
"Let p(s) be the third derivative of s**5/30 - 9*s**2. ",
"Determine p(i(a)).",
"\n128*a**2\nLet r(v) = -11*v + 6. ",
"Let s(b) = b - 1. ",
"Let l(h) = -r(h) - 6*s(h). ",
"Let y(g) = 4*g - 9. ",
"Let m(t) = t - 2. ",
"Let c(q) = -18*m(q) + 4*y(q). ",
"Calculate c(l(w)).",
"\n-10*w\nLet i(q) = -4*q**2 + 5. ",
"Let g(z) = -5*z**2 + 6. ",
"Let h(b) = -5*g(b) + 6*i(b). ",
"Let f(m) be the first derivative of 1 + 0*m - 1/2*m**2. ",
"Calculate h(f(a)).",
"\na**2\nLet w(o) = -o**2. ",
"Let q(t) = 17*t + 9. ",
"Let c(v) = 4*v + 2. ",
"Let p(l) = 9*c(l) - 2*q(l). ",
"Determine w(p(m)).",
"\n-4*m**2\nLet l(n) = -n**3 + 6*n**2 + 6*n + 9. ",
"Let s be l(7). ",
"Let u(x) = -s + 2 - x. Let m(o) be the second derivative of -o**4/12 - 4*o. ",
"Determine u(m(a)).",
"\na**2\nLet k(g) be the first derivative of -g**3 - 24. ",
"Let q(l) = 15*l**2. ",
"What is k(q(j))?",
"\n-675*j**4\nSuppose -3*m - m = -24. ",
"Let t(j) = -3*j + m*j**2 + 3*j - 4*j**2. ",
"Let x(s) = -s. ",
"What is t(x(y))?",
"\n2*y**2\nLet y(o) = 2*o**2. ",
"Let p(j) = -1367*j**2. ",
"Calculate p(y(b)).",
"\n-5468*b**4\nSuppose -3*v + v + 16 = 0. ",
"Let k = v + -5. ",
"Let i(c) = 5*c**2 - 1 + 1 - k*c**2. ",
"Let b(g) = g**2. ",
"Give i(b(t)).",
"\n2*t**4\nLet d(z) = 11*z. ",
"Let c(v) = 31*v. ",
"Give d(c(f)).",
"\n341*f\nLet u(g) = -19*g. ",
"Let f(t) be the third derivative of t**4/12 - 3*t**2 - 5. ",
"Give u(f(q)).",
"\n-38*q\nSuppose -7*r = -9*r - 14. ",
"Let p(q) = -q**2 - 2*q - 2. ",
"Let l(n) = -4*n**2 - 7*n - 7. ",
"Let v(t) = r*p(t) + 2*l(t). ",
"Let j(m) = -2*m**2. ",
"Determine v(j(y)).",
"\n-4*y**4\nLet a(x) = -1187*x**2. ",
"Let s(p) = -14*p**2. ",
"Determine s(a(t)).",
"\n-19725566*t**4\nLet y(c) = 3*c. ",
"Let s(h) = -h + 3. ",
"Let l(j) = 3*j - 8. ",
"Let n(a) = -3*l(a) - 8*s(a). ",
"Determine y(n(q)).",
"\n-3*q\nLet u(t) = -17343*t. ",
"Let q(n) = -2*n. ",
"Calculate u(q(f)).",
"\n34686*f\nLet x(w) = 4*w**2. ",
"Let t(m) = 4*m - m - m + 0*m. ",
"What is x(t(q))?",
"\n16*q**2\nSuppose 0*z = 5*z. ",
"Let l(s) = 0*s**2 + z*s**2 - 3*s**2. ",
"Let k(f) = -5*f**2 - 6*f. ",
"Let n(y) = -9*y**2 - 10*y. ",
"Let h(u) = -5*k(u) + 3*n(u). ",
"Calculate l(h(v)).",
"\n-12*v**4\nLet m(z) = -z. ",
"Suppose 2*s - 9 = -s. ",
"Let v(x) = -s*x + 3*x - 2*x + x. Give m(v(h)).",
"\nh\nLet f(r) = -r**2. ",
"Let s(a) be the second derivative of -a**4/12 + 6*a. ",
"Determine s(f(q)).",
"\n-q**4\nLet q(x) be the second derivative of -x**4/3 - 2*x. ",
"Let f(v) be the second derivative of -v**3/3 + 6*v. ",
"Determine q(f(h)).",
"\n-16*h**2\nLet f(q) be the first derivative of q**3/3 + 7*q**2/2 + 2*q - 2. ",
"Let y be f(-7). ",
"Let a(u) = -4 + 4 - y*u. ",
"Let d(r) = -2*r**2. ",
"Give a(d(c)).",
"\n4*c**2\nLet o(t) = -6*t + 8. ",
"Let v(i) = 4*i - 5. ",
"Let r(y) = -5*o(y) - 8*v(y). ",
"Suppose 0*d - 5*d = -30. ",
"Let x(s) = 3*s + 4*s - 2*s - d*s. ",
"Give x(r(m)).",
"\n2*m\nLet b(l) be the third derivative of 2*l**5/15 + l**2. ",
"Let s(c) = 124*c**2 + 127*c**2 - 4 + 4 - 253*c**2. ",
"What is s(b(r))?",
"\n-128*r**4\nLet a(x) = -x**2. ",
"Let w be -6 + 10 - (-1 - -1). ",
"Suppose -w*m = 5 - 13. ",
"Let h(q) = -1 + 3*q**2 - m + 3. ",
"Calculate a(h(u)).",
"\n-9*u**4\nLet j(y) = 132*y. ",
"Let p(q) = -2*q**2. ",
"What is j(p(b))?",
"\n-264*b**2\nLet u(s) = 197*s. ",
"Let v(h) = 10*h**2. ",
"What is u(v(w))?",
"\n1970*w**2\nLet o(u) = 265*u**2. ",
"Let n(q) = q. Calculate n(o(z)).",
"\n265*z**2\nSuppose -8*c + 5*c = 0. ",
"Let f(u) = -3*u + u + c*u. ",
"Let m(h) = 2*h**2. ",
"Give f(m(o)).",
"\n-4*o**2\nLet r(h) = -h. ",
"Let n(s) = -s + 236. ",
"Determine n(r(y)).",
"\ny + 236\nLet c(i) = 15*i. ",
"Let w(m) = 3*m**2 - 5. ",
"Let o(k) = -10*k**2 + 16. ",
"Let u(z) = 5*o(z) + 16*w(z). ",
"What is u(c(a))?",
"\n-450*a**2\nLet u(r) = 3*r. ",
"Let f(w) = 408*w. ",
"What is f(u(p))?",
"\n1224*p\nLet s(i) be the first derivative of -2/3*i**3 - 5 + 0*i**2 + 0*i. ",
"Let y(a) = 3*a**2. ",
"What is y(s(t))?",
"\n12*t**4\nLet l(t) = 3*t. ",
"Let s(b) = 76*b. ",
"What is s(l(p))?",
"\n228*p\nLet n(v) = -7*v**2. ",
"Let o(m) = -290 + 4*m + 290. ",
"Calculate n(o(g)).",
"\n-112*g**2\nLet q(o) = -124*o. ",
"Let r(w) = 7*w**2. ",
"Give q(r(k)).",
"\n-868*k**2\nLet n(l) = 3*l. ",
"Let c(z) = 24*z**2 + 1. ",
"Determine c(n(y)).",
"\n216*y**2 + 1\nLet d(z) = z**2 + 5*z. ",
"Let q(x) = -x**2 - 6*x. ",
"Let b(v) = -6*d(v) - 5*q(v). ",
"Let m(c) = -27*c. ",
"Determine b(m(p)).",
"\n-729*p**2\nLet c(t) = -78*t**2. ",
"Let x(w) = 4*w**2. ",
"Determine c(x(u)).",
"\n-1248*u**4\nLet s(c) be the third derivative of -1/6*c**4 + 2*c**2 + 0 + 0*c**3 + 0*c. ",
"Let y(l) be the first derivative of -l**3/3 + 3. ",
"Give y(s(f)).",
"\n-16*f**2\nLet d(x) = 9*x - 24*x + 17*x. ",
"Let a(o) be the first derivative of 6*o**2 - 5. ",
"What is a(d(q))?",
"\n24*q\nLet n(u) = 3*u. ",
"Let f(s) = s**3 - s**2 - s + 3. ",
"Let h be f(0). ",
"Suppose 4*j = h*o, -o + 16 = 5*j - 3. ",
"Let x(w) = -w - o + 4. ",
"Calculate x(n(z)).",
"\n-3*z\nLet r(t) be the second derivative of 7*t**4/12 - 30*t. ",
"Let d(s) = 6*s. ",
"Give d(r(z)).",
"\n42*z**2\nLet b(m) = -5*m. ",
"Let f(v) = 11*v. ",
"Let l(n) = -10*b(n) - 4*f(n). ",
"Let w(o) = -2*o + 6. ",
"Let s(d) = -4*d + 13. ",
"Let x(y) = 6*s(y) - 13*w(y). ",
"Calculate x(l(r)).",
"\n12*r\nLet u(d) = 56*d - 56*d - d**2. ",
"Let k(q) = -q**2 + q. Let c(o) = 6*o**2 + 3*o. ",
"Let t(s) = -c(s) + 3*k(s). ",
"Determine t(u(r)).",
"\n-9*r**4\nLet a(o) = 8*o + "
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"171st Aviation Squadron (Australia)\n\nThe 171st Aviation Squadron (171 Avn Sqn) is an Australian Army helicopter squadron equipped with S70A Black Hawk helicopters and provides support to the Special Operations Command. ",
"The squadron is based at Luscombe Airfield, Holsworthy Barracks, Sydney and forms part of the 6th Aviation Regiment.",
"\n\nOverview\nThe Squadron primarily supports the Tactical Assault Group, troop lift support is also provided to other Special Forces based at Holsworthy and Perth, and to other east coast and southern Australian based units.",
"\n\nIn March 1997, the Board of Inquiry into the Black Hawk Training Accident in June 1996 recommended that dedicated Army aviation assets be allocated in support of the counter terrorist and special operations capability and that the units be collocated during training, planning and the conduct of operations.",
"\n\nHistory\nThe 171st Aviation Squadron traces its lineage back to the 161st Reconnaissance Flight which was formed in June 1965 based at RAAF Base Amberley. ",
"The Flight was part of the 16th Army Light Aircraft Squadron which in 1967 became the 1st Aviation Regiment.",
"\nThe Flight served in Vietnam from 1965 to 1971 and during this period was renamed the 161st (Independent) Reconnaissance Flight. ",
"On return from Vietnam, the Flight was based at Oakey. ",
"On 31 January 1974, the Flight was re-designated as the \"171st Operational Support Squadron\" following a restructure of the 1st Aviation Regiment using the number from the disbanded 171st Air Cavalry Flight.",
"\n\nOn 19 December 2002, the Prime Minister announced the creation of the Special Operations Command and that the government would accelerate the purchase of the MRH-90 Taipan helicopters to enable a squadron of helicopters to be based in Sydney as a potent addition to the Tactical Assault Group East.",
"\n\nOn 28 November 2004, 'A' Squadron of the 5th Aviation Regiment based at RAAF Base Townsville swapped designations with the 171st Operational Support Squadron. ",
"The Squadron was equipped with the Sikorsky S-70A Black Hawk with the role of providing support to the Special Operations Command.",
"\n\nThe Squadron separated from the 1st Aviation Regiment and was placed under the command of the 16th Aviation Brigade as an independent squadron and was re-designated as the \"171st Aviation Squadron\". ",
"The Squadron was commanded by a lieutenant colonel in addition to the conventional squadron commander of Major rank.",
"\n\nIn July 2005, Holsworthy Barracks was selected as the location in Sydney to relocate the Squadron. ",
"In December 2006, the Squadron relocated to temporary facilities at Luscombe Airfield with the redevelopment of the airfield expected to be completed by late 2008.",
"\n\nThe Squadron was involved in operations in East Timor as part of Operation Astute. ",
"On 29 November 2006, a Squadron Black Hawk helicopter crashed during Operation Quickstep while attached to HMAS Kanimbla off the coast of Fiji. ",
"The helicopter's pilot, Captain Mark Bingley, and Trooper Joshua Porter from the Special Air Service Regiment were killed in the crash.",
"\n\nIn March 2008, the Squadron became part of the newly raised 6th Aviation Regiment following implementation of a recommendation from the Board of Inquiry into the Crash of Black Hawk 221 to raise a regiment.",
"\n\nCurrent aircraft\n\nThe squadron is equipped with S-70A-9 Black Hawks and was planned to transition to the MRH 90 Taipan, an Australian variant of the NHI NH90, with the withdrawal of the Black Hawk from service by December 2013. ",
"However, the MRH 90 Program encountered significant problems, and in particular, the NH90 had not been operated in a dedicated special operations role, delaying the withdrawal. ",
"The Chief of Army extended the service of 20 Black Hawks to 2022 with 18 based at Holsworthy and two retained at the Oakey Army Aviation Centre in Queensland.",
"\n\nThe MRH 90 will be introduced into the 6th Aviation Regiment in 2019 under Plan Palisade which will require the development of a fast roping, rappelling and extraction system (FFRES), gun mount capable of firing the FN MAG58 machine gun and M134D minigun, and new cargo hook.",
"\n\nSee also\n British Joint Special Forces Aviation Wing\n Canadian 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron\n French 4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment\n Italian 3rd Special Operations Helicopter Regiment\n U.S. 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment – Night Stalkers\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n\n171\n171\nCategory:Military units and formations established in 1968\nCategory:1968 establishments in Australia\nCategory:Helicopter units and formations\nCategory:Cold War history of Australia"
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"On Saturday, a coalition of critics of the U.S. surveillance establishment will gather in Washington D.C., under the banner Stop Watching Us for a rally asking Congress to “stop the NSA’s unconstitutional mass surveillance.” ",
"Participants will gather in front of Union Station and march to the reflecting pool in front of the Capitol.",
"\n\nSome of the biggest names in civil liberties and digital freedom of information will be there, including the ACLU, Electronic Frontier Foundation, FreePress and FreedomWorks. ",
"Sponsoring individuals include a great number people I admire (and in some cases, know very well), including Tim Berners-Lee, Daniel Ellsberg, Xeni Jardin, Eli Pariser, Anil Dash, Dan Gillmor, Rebecca Mackinnon, Glenn Greenwald, John Cusack, Molly Crabapple, Birgitta Jónsdóttir, and Andrew Rasiej. ",
"Companies backing the effort include Reddit and Ben & Jerry’s.",
"\n\n“We demand the U.S. Congress reveal the full extent of the NSA’s spying programs,” is the basic demand of Stop Watching Us.",
"\n\nThis is a vital cause, and I agree with it.",
"\n\nYet I cannot support this coalition or the rally. ",
"It is fatally compromised by the prominent leadership and participation of the Libertarian Party and other libertarian student groups; their hard-core ideology stands in direct opposition to almost everything I believe in as a social democrat.",
"\n\nThe Libertarian Party itself – inaccurately described by Stop Watching Us as a “public advocacy organization” – is a right-wing political party that opposes all gun control lawsand public healthcare, supported the government shutdown, dismisses public education,opposes organized labor, favors the end of Social Security as we know it, and argues in its formal political manifesto that “we should eliminate the entire social welfare system” while supporting “unrestricted competition among banks and depository institutions of all types.”",
"\n\nYet my progressive friends would take the stage with the representatives of this political movement? ",
"Why? ",
"The loss is much greater than the gain. ",
"Organizers trade their own good names and reputations to stand alongside – and convey legitimacy to – a party that opposes communitarian participation in liberal society, and rejects the very role of government itself. ",
"And their own argument for privacy is weakened by the pollution of an ideology that uses its few positive civil liberties positions as a predator uses candy with a child.",
"\n\nThis is an abandonment of core principles, in my view, out of anger over Edward Snowden’s still-recent revelations about the National Security Agency and its spying activity, particularly domestic access to telephone and online networks and metadata. ",
"It represents trading long-held beliefs in social and economic justice for a current hot-button issue that – while clearly of concern to all Americans – doesn’t come close to trumping a host of other issues areas that require “the long game” of electoral politics and organizing. ",
"Going “all in” with the libertarian purists is a fatal and unnecessary compromise; reform is clearly needed, but the presence of anti-government laissez-faire wingers at the beating heart of the privacy movement will surely sour the very political actors that movement desperately needs to make actual – and not symbolic, link bait – progress in its fight.",
"\n\nI speak of the progressive movement and the Democratic Party, of course.",
"\n\nFor those whose feet still touch the ground, the path to NSA reform so clearly lies inside the Democrats’ big tent – and runs through its liberal wing. ",
"And because we are a liberal republic, whose central government is not leaving the landscape anytime soon (the libertarians’ fondest goal), change must also run through an elected Congress.",
"\n\nIndeed, Stop Watching Us explicitly acknowledges that fact – on the same page it proudly lists the Libertarian Party along with two libertarian youth groups, Young Americans for Liberty and Students for Liberty, as sponsoring partners.",
"\n\nReading these groups’ websites surfaces another reason why Stop Watching Us should have rejected their participation in a progressive coalition: common sense.",
"\n\nLet’s look at Young Americans for Liberty. ",
"The section entitled Ron Paul’s Endorsement should be a tip-off:\n\nBack in the 1960s, an influential youth movement formed around another anti-establishment presidential candidate. ",
"His name was Barry Goldwater. ",
"The organization was called Young Americans for Freedom; and without it, we may have never seen Ronald Reagan in the White House. ",
"I have high hopes for Young Americans for Liberty, and wish them a similar fortune.",
"\n\nSimilar fortune, indeed. ",
"And then there’s the blog post on the group’s front page on the disastrous government shutdown and flirtation with defaulting on the nation’s debt payments:\n\nUsually, I’m a fan of gridlock, because I’m a fan of winding down the state. ",
"I romanticize about the idea of a permanent government shutdown and the elevation of a free humanity based on natural law and virtue.",
"\n\n“Winding down the state.” ",
"Nice partner for serious surveillance reform there. ",
"Dig a little deeper and you find open support for the “militia movement” and other hard right activity, and the labeling of the Southern Poverty Law Center as one “of the biggest enemies of our liberty.” ",
"And the organization specializes in tweets like these:\n\nAfter just a few days of shutdown, the country is in ruins…oh, wait, that’s Detroit when the gov’t was “helping.”",
"\n\nStudents for Liberty, meanwhile, offers “resource kits to pro-liberty high school students” filled with slogans, stickers and palm cards from partners like the Cato Institute, The Atlas Network, and the Seasteading Institute (an anti-government group that that encourages the establishment of libertarian offshore nirvanas where survival of the fittest trumps American laws). ",
"And gee, isn’t it great that Students for Liberty has distributed 150,000 copies ofAfter the Welfare State on campuses around the country, a book that helpfully explains how social programs are “used as an immoral tool of state control and subjection.”",
"\n\nThese are the people who will march on the Capitol with Daniel Ellsberg, Tim Berners-Lee and Glenn Greenwald.",
"\n\nI certainly understand the need for a non-partisan – or multi-partisan, to be accurate – movement. ",
"And yes, there is some narrow cross-over between the politics of the Pauls and the hard-core libertarian movement with those who consider themselves to be civil libertarians of the political left and center.",
"\n\nFurther, there are many people these days who self-identify in some ways as “libertarian” but hold no real complicity in the actual radical manifesto of the national party and its related organizations. ",
"It’s almost a fad, really – and therein lies the danger, as I perceive it.",
"\n\nPolitical change requires choices and compromise, as well as action. ",
"If too many young organizers focus entirely on privacy and security and abandon the front lines on crucial economic issues, civil rights and inequality, the rights of workers, criminal justice reform, environmental regulation, and the pursuit social justice, their gains will be too little and society’s loss too great.",
"\n\nOr libertarianism itself will rise, and our loss of liberty will be greater still. ",
"That’s because libertarianism is a form of authoritarianism disguised in a narrow slice of civil liberties. ",
"In trumpeting the all-knowing, ever wise wonders of the totally free and unencumbered market, it bestows all the power on those with access to capital. ",
"You may say we’re there already, but under a pure libertarian system, things would get much worse.",
"\n\nWriting in the Guardian about the growing UK Independence party, a libertarian political group in Britain, Ed Rooksby notes that: “As paradoxical as it may seem, rightwing libertarianism has always been a deeply authoritarian political philosophy. ",
"It claims to value liberty in some general and all-encompassing sense above all other principles, but the particular types of freedom libertarianism seeks to defend and extend are always, tacitly and implicitly, forms of liberty for the few at the expense of the many. ",
"Thus libertarianism stands for the unfreedom of the majority.”",
"\n\nIn the end, it’s always about the man on the balcony – which, deeply flawed as our democratic institutions are, isn’t the point for our elected politicians. ",
"No wonder, says Michael Lind in his must-read Salon essay, that libertarians revere “Friedrich von Hayek, who was, along with von Mises, one of the patron saints of modern libertarianism, was as infatuated with the Chilean dictator Gen. Augusto Pinochet as von Mises was with Mussolini.”",
"\n\nAs Lind notes, “While progressives betray their principles when they apologize for autocracy, libertarians do not.”",
"\n\nThat’s because it is their philosophy. ",
"And in a progressive, civil libertarian coalition to advance the cause of privacy and limited government surveillance, this form of “I’ve got mine” nihilism has no place.",
"\n\nStop Watching Us supports a noble and important cause, but its coalition is – currently – fatally infected. ",
"It’s one thing to march in order to change government. ",
"In our republic, it’s quite another to march with those who would see it abolished."
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"Gábor Tardos\n\nGábor Tardos (born 11 July 1964) is a Hungarian mathematician, currently a professor at Central European University and previously a Canada Research Chair at Simon Fraser University. ",
"He works mainly in combinatorics and computer science. ",
"He is the younger brother of Éva Tardos.",
"\n\nMathematical results\nTardos started with a result in universal algebra: he exhibited a maximal clone of monotone operations which is not finitely generated. ",
"He obtained partial results concerning the Hanna Neumann conjecture. ",
"With his student, Adam Marcus, he proved a combinatorial conjecture of Zoltán Füredi and Péter Hajnal which was known to imply the Stanley–Wilf conjecture. ",
"With topological methods he proved that if is a finite set system consisting of the unions of intervals on two disjoint lines, then holds, where is the least number of points covering all elements of and is the size of the largest disjoint subsystem of . ",
"Tardos worked out a method for optimal probabilistic fingerprint codes. ",
"Although the mathematical content is hard, the algorithm is easy to implement.",
"\n\nAwards\nHe received the European Mathematical Society prize for young researchers at the European Congress of Mathematics in 1992 and the Prize of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for Young Researchers. ",
"In 1999 he received the Erdős Prize from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Rényi Prize of the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics.",
"\n\nHe received a Lendület Grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (2009) specifically devised to keep outstanding researchers in Hungary.",
"\n\nSelected publications\n.",
"\n.",
"\n.",
"\n.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1964 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Hungarian computer scientists\nCategory:Combinatorialists\nCategory:20th-century Hungarian mathematicians\nCategory:21st-century Hungarian mathematicians\nCategory:Hungarian Jews\nCategory:Simon Fraser University faculty\nCategory:Canada Research Chairs\nCategory:International Mathematical Olympiad participants"
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"Q:\n\nCORS request issue (XMLHttpRequest)\n\nI'm developing a server at Node js and my front-end at Angularjs, but I'm getting an error when I try to make a request from my front-end:\n\nXMLHttpRequest cannot load http://localhost:8085/server/authenticate/.\n Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: No\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested\n resource. ",
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"Q:\n\nMagento - How to show all products of a category in only one page\n\nI want to show all the products of a category in only one page, without the toolbar pager.",
"\nThanks a lot.",
"\n\nA:\n\nI have found the solution in Magento backend,\nit's like this :\nConfiguration > catalog > frontend > Allow All Products per Page > yes ;)\n\nA:\n\nopen this file app/code/core/Mage/Catalog/Block/Product/List/Toolbar.php \ngo to function getLimit() and replace line 745 :\n$limit = Mage::getSingleton('catalog/session')->getLimitPage();\n\nby :\n$limit = 'all';\n\nit is recomanded to override this function. ",
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"\nIn the title compound, [Nd(2)(C(4)H(4)O(4))(2)(C(2)O(4))(H(2)O)(2)](n), the flexible succinate anion assumes the gauche conformation and bridges the nine-coordinate Nd atoms to generate two-dimensional layers parallel to (010). ",
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"Hypertension describes a symptom of several disease entities, both of known and unknown etiology, elevated blood pressure being the measurement indicating its presence. ",
"A persistently elevated blood pressure is considered a serious symptom. ",
"High blood pressure can be temporary or can result from known causes such as kidney or artery disease. ",
"While some types of hypertension respond only to surgery and in others sedatives may comprise the sole therapy, most forms of hypertension are treated by means of chemotherapy. ",
"Untreated hypertension produces risk of cardiovascular complications such as strokes, myocardial infraction and the like which lower the quality of life and life expectancy, whereas drug therapy can significantly improve the longevity of the hypertensive population. ",
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"\nA consolidated silver (CS) material, composed of acid activated silver particles has been developed for direct filling applications. ",
"The hypothesis to be tested was that the tarnish discoloration and immersion corrosion of CS was similar to that of a dispersed phase amalgam (DA). ",
"Disk-sized samples of CS and DA were prepared. ",
"CS contained a volume porosity of 25%, comparable to the material prepared for clinical uses. ",
"CIE L(*)a(*)b(*) colorimetry was used to evaluate tarnish discoloration, while solution analysis was used to evaluate corrosion susceptibility. ",
"Surfaces following tarnish and corrosion were characterized with SEM-EDS and X-ray diffraction. ",
"Fusayama solution, defined as an artificial saliva composed of NaCl, KCl, CaCl(2).2H(2)O, NaH(2)PO(4).H(2)O, Na(2)S.9H(2)O, and urea at component concentrations of (6.8, 5.4, 5.4, 5.0, 0.021 and 16.7mmol/l, respectively, was used with controlled variations in sulfide-content. ",
"Clinically relevant sulfide contents below, equal to, and above the original Fusayama concentration were used. ",
"Intermittent exposures to air and saliva and continuous immersions were performed for tarnish discoloration, and agitated continuous immersions in 0.1mol/l NaCl+0.1mol/l lactic acid were performed for corrosion testing. ",
"The effects on tarnish discoloration by adding mucin and other salivary proteins to saliva were studied. ",
"The total color vector change (DeltaE(ab)(*)) for CS was significantly greater than for DA. ",
"Intermittent air and saliva exposures significantly increased DeltaE(ab)(*) for CS relative to continuous immersions. ",
"The rate of tarnish discoloration for CS increased with sulfide concentration. ",
"With adding protein to saliva, DeltaE(ab)(*) for CS significantly decreased. ",
"Mucin partly inhibited the discoloration from sulfide. ",
"The morphology of the tarnished products depended upon the testing method. ",
"For CS continuously immersed in sulfide- and protein-free saliva, a porous AgCl layer intermixed with black corrosion products, taken to be Ag(2)O, formed, while intermittent exposures to air and sulfide-containing saliva formed a continuous, dense and adherent layer identified as Ag(2)S. The concentrations of released silver from CS and DA were similar. ",
"However, DA also dissolved concentrations of copper and tin, changed solution pH, and grossly affected solution color, none of which occurred with CS. ",
"CS is most susceptible to tarnish discoloration in protein-free, sulfide-containing saliva under alternating wet and dry conditions. ",
"The release of silver from CS is not significantly different to the release of silver from DA."
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"; RUN: opt < %s -loop-rotate -verify-dom-info -verify-loop-info -S | FileCheck %s\n; RUN: opt < %s -loop-rotate -verify-dom-info -verify-loop-info -enable-mssa-loop-dependency=true -verify-memoryssa -S | FileCheck %s\n; CHECK-NOT: [ {{.}}tmp224\n\ntarget datalayout = \"e-p:32:32:32-i1:8:8-i8:8:8-i16:16:16-i32:32:32-i64:32:64-f32:32:32-f64:32:64-v64:64:64-v128:128:128-a0:0:64\"\n\n\t%struct.",
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"FILE*\t\t; <%struct.",
"FILE**> [#uses=1]\n@str1 = external constant [11 x i8]\t\t; <[11 x i8]*> [#uses=1]\n@operators = weak global %struct.list* null\t\t; <%struct.list**> [#uses=1]\n\n\n\ndefine i32 @opsOfArity(i32 %arity) {\nentry:\n\t%arity_addr = alloca i32\t\t; <i32*> [#uses=2]\n\t%retval = alloca i32, align 4\t\t; <i32*> [#uses=2]\n\t%tmp = alloca i32, align 4\t\t; <i32*> [#uses=2]\n\t%c = alloca i32, align 4\t\t; <i32*> [#uses=4]\n\t%l = alloca %struct.list*, align 4\t\t; <%struct.list**> [#uses=5]\n\t%op = alloca %struct.operator*, align 4\t\t; <%struct.operator**> [#uses=3]\n\tstore i32 %arity, i32* %arity_addr\n\tstore i32 0, i32* %c\n\t%tmp1 = load %struct.list*, %struct.list** @operators\t\t; <%struct.list*> [#uses=1]\n\tstore %struct.list* %tmp1, %struct.list** %l\n\tbr label %bb21\n\nbb:\t\t; preds = %bb21\n\t%tmp3 = getelementptr %struct.list, %struct.list* %tmp22, i32 0, i32 0\t\t; <i8**> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp4 = load i8*, i8** %tmp3\t\t; <i8*> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp45 = bitcast i8* %tmp4 to %struct.operator*\t\t; <%struct.operator*> [#uses=1]\n\tstore %struct.operator* %tmp45, %struct.operator** %op\n\t%tmp6 = load %struct.operator*, %struct.operator** %op\t\t; <%struct.operator*> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp7 = getelementptr %struct.operator, %struct.operator* %tmp6, i32 0, i32 5\t\t; <i32*> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp8 = load i32, i32* %tmp7\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp9 = load i32, i32* %arity_addr\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\ticmp eq i32 %tmp8, %tmp9\t\t; <i1>:0 [#uses=1]\n\tzext i1 %0 to i8\t\t; <i8>:1 [#uses=1]\n\ticmp ne i8 %1, 0\t\t; <i1>:2 [#uses=1]\n\tbr i1 %2, label %cond_true, label %cond_next\n\ncond_true:\t\t; preds = %bb\n\t%tmp10 = load %struct.operator*, %struct.operator** %op\t\t; <%struct.operator*> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp11 = getelementptr %struct.operator, %struct.operator* %tmp10, i32 0, i32 2\t\t; <i32*> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp12 = load i32, i32* %tmp11\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp13 = load %struct.",
"FILE*, %struct.",
"FILE** @outfile\t\t; <%struct.",
"FILE*> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp14 = getelementptr [11 x i8], [11 x i8]* @str1, i32 0, i32 0\t\t; <i8*> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp15 = call i32 (%struct.",
"FILE*, i8*, ...) @fprintf( %struct.",
"FILE* %tmp13, i8* %tmp14, i32 %tmp12 )\t\t; <i32> [#uses=0]\n\t%tmp16 = load i32, i32* %c\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp17 = add i32 %tmp16, 1\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\tstore i32 %tmp17, i32* %c\n\tbr label %cond_next\n\ncond_next:\t\t; preds = %cond_true, %bb\n\t%tmp19 = getelementptr %struct.list, %struct.list* %tmp22, i32 0, i32 1\t\t; <%struct.list**> [#uses=1]\n\t%tmp20 = load %struct.list*, %struct.list** %tmp19\t\t; <%struct.list*> [#uses=1]\n\tstore %struct.list* %tmp20, %struct.list** %l\n\tbr label %bb21\n\nbb21:\t\t; preds = %cond_next, %entry\n %l.in = phi %struct.list** [ @operators, %entry ], [ %tmp19, %cond_next ]\n\t%tmp22 = load %struct.list*, %struct.list** %l.in\t\t; <%struct.list*> [#uses=1]\n\ticmp ne %struct.list* %tmp22, null\t\t; <i1>:3 [#uses=1]\n\tzext i1 %3 to i8\t\t; <i8>:4 [#uses=1]\n\ticmp ne i8 %4, 0\t\t; <i1>:5 [#uses=1]\n\tbr i1 %5, label %bb, label %bb23\n\nbb23:\t\t; preds = %bb21\n\t%tmp24 = load i32, i32* %c\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\tstore i32 %tmp24, i32* %tmp\n\t%tmp25 = load i32, i32* %tmp\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\tstore i32 %tmp25, i32* %retval\n\tbr label %return\n\nreturn:\t\t; preds = %bb23\n\t%retval26 = load i32, i32* %retval\t\t; <i32> [#uses=1]\n\tret i32 %retval26\n}\n\ndeclare i32 @fprintf(%struct.",
"FILE*, i8*, ...)\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
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0.007692307692307693,
0.05714285714285714,
0.00338409475465313,
0.058823529411764705
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"Q:\n\nКак из списка ul выбрать li первого уровня?",
"\n\nКак из списка ul выбрать только li первого уровня ? ",
" \n\n$('.list>li').clone().appendTo('.res');\n<script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>\r\n<ul class=\"list\">\r\n <li>First</li>\r\n <li>Second\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>1</li>\r\n <li>2</li>\r\n <li>3 </li>\r\n </ul>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>Third\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>1</li>\r\n <li>2</li>\r\n <li>3\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>555</li>\r\n <li>666</li>\r\n <li>777</li>\r\n </ul>\r\n </li>\r\n </ul>\r\n </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<hr>\r\n<div class=\"res\"></div>\r\n<hr> А хочется получить\r\n<li>First</li>\r\n<li>Second</li>\r\n<li>Third</li>\n\nA:\n\nВозможно, это не оптимально, но я бы сделал так:\n\ntemp = $('.list>li').clone();\r\ntemp.children().remove();\r\ntemp.appendTo('.res')\n<script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>\r\n<ul class=\"list\">\r\n <li>First</li>\r\n <li>Second\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>1</li>\r\n <li>2</li>\r\n <li>3 </li>\r\n </ul>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>Third\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>1</li>\r\n <li>2</li>\r\n <li>3\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>555</li>\r\n <li>666</li>\r\n <li>777</li>\r\n </ul>\r\n </li>\r\n </ul>\r\n </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<hr>\r\n<div class=\"res\"></div>\n\n"
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"Decorating\n\nPatchwork\n\nTalk to Me\n\nMisc.",
"\n\nLegaleze\n\nRedwork Instructions\n\nDo you love the look of Redwork? ",
"Here are easy Redwork instructions to help you get started. ",
"Redwork has a timeless appeal and is easy to do. ",
"See for yourself!",
"\n\nNeedle\n\nChoosing a needle is one of preference. ",
"Any needle fine enough not to damage the fabric and has an eye big enough to accommodate the thread can be used. ",
"Experiment with a number of different needles to see which one you prefer.",
"\n\nThread\n\nAny color of any type of thread may be used. ",
"To achieve the \"authentic\" Victorian look, use either red or blue floss.",
"\n\nHow many strands of floss to use depends on the effect you are trying to achieve. ",
"Use:\n\nOne (1) thread for very delicate lines\n\nTwo (2) threads are usually used by embroiderers for the body of the work\n\nThree or four (3 - 4) threads for a bolder coverage.",
"\n\nAccording to my research on the subject of red floss, many embroiderers don't believe modern red floss is colorfast even though the manufacturers state they are. ",
"It has been suggested that you soak your floss in vinegar and water for 20 minutes then roll it in a towel to wring it out and hang it to let it air dry. ",
"This is supposed to keep if from \"bleeding\" on your embroidery piece. (",
"I don't personally know if it's necessary or if this works, so if you have any information on this, please share it with us!)",
"\nSince colorfastness is a question, be sure to keep your floss dry while working with it. ",
"This also includes not wetting it to thread your needle. ",
"If you do, you run the risk of having the red bleed onto your fabric. ",
"If threading your needle is a problem, use a needle threader. ",
"They are inexpensive and can be found in any sewing or craft store.",
"\n\nStitches Used\n\nOne of the things that attracted embroiderers to Redwork was the simple embroidery stitches used. ",
"Stitches most commonly used are:\n\nBackstitch -A stitch made by inserting the needle at the midpoint of a preceding stitch so that the stitches overlap by half-lengths.",
"\n\nOutline stitch or Stem Stitch - consists of a long stitch forward on the face of the material, and a very short stitch back on the under side. ",
"This is also called \"cording stitch\" or \"stem stitch.\" ",
"The needle is brought up beside the preceding stitch.",
"\n\nPlease note: The Backstitch and Outline Stitch are two DIFFERENT stitches - although similar. ",
"When working the Outline (Stem) stitch the thread stays below or to the right of the needle when it's inserted into the fabric. ",
"When working the Outline Stitch, the thread stays above or to the left of the needle when it's inserted into the fabric.",
"\n\nSplit Stitch. ",
"This stitch was used often on tight curves. ",
"A split stitch is made like an outline stitch but the needle is brought up through the preceding stitch, instead of beside it.",
"\n\nChoosing which kind of stitch to you is personal preference. ",
"It is important though to use the same stitch throughout the project. ",
"Switching between different kinds of outline stitches will not give you the results you desire.",
"\n\nOther stitches Used\n\nThe following stitches are used to enhance Redwork. ",
"They are to be used sparingly, if at all.",
"\n\nFrench knots. ",
"French knots are used primarily for the center of flowers, seeds, or anywhere small dots are needed. ",
"A French Knot is made by twisting the needle once or twice around the thread, passing the needle straight down through the material, and drawing the knot tight.",
"\n\nStraight Stitch. ",
"This stitch was used for small straight lines.",
"\n\nSatin Stitch. ",
"This type of stitch was used to emphasize a certain part of a design. ",
"A Satin Stitch consists of regular long stitches closely laid together to represent a smooth, raised, satin-like effect.",
"\n\nFabric\n\nRedwork was worked on plain cotton muslin. ",
"Today cotton muslin can still be easily found in both white and ecru. ",
"Although Redwork can be work on almost any fabric with good results, most embroiderers prefer to use cotton muslin because it is \"authentic\" and provides the look of an old Redwork piece. ",
"Whatever fabric you use, don't forget to wash it BEFORE you start your project!",
"\n\nTransfer your design onto your fabric.",
"\n\nHoop\n\nUsing a hoop is your preference. ",
"Many embroiderers find using a hoop when working with Redwork helpful. ",
"See more about Hoops.",
"\n\nRedwork Designs\n\nRedwork designs can be found on the Internet or old books. ",
"Since Redwork designs are simple line drawings, you can use almost any kind of pattern to make your own. ",
"Children's coloring books are a great source. ",
"Another great source for outline drawings, that are FREE, is Dover Publications. ",
"Sign up for their newsletter and you will be notified of books for sale that week. ",
"Each book generally has two or three pages you can download. ",
"They even give the instructions on how to do this. ",
"I have found many nice designs that would be great for Redwork there.",
"\n\nEnjoy the Results!",
"\n\nIf you follow these instructions, your redwork embroidery will go quickly and in no time at all you will have your piece completed. ",
"But beware! ",
"You might find yourself addicted to this type of embroidery. ",
"Its fast, easy and the results are beautiful.",
"\n\nIf you decide to try your hand at Redwork and would like to share your results, as well as your comments, tips or tricks, please contact me. ",
"I'd love to have you share your story and project with others.",
"\n\nIf you know of someone who would like to begin embroidering but are unsure where to begin, please tell them about these Redwork instructions. ",
"Your friend will no doubt thank you for showing her/mim an easy way to begin a wonderfully beautiful craft."
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"Jeanne, this is lovely... I really like the quilted look to your card and the mix of dp...with the bling flourish. ",
"Thanks for the inspiration. ",
"Enjoy your time in the spotlight - you deserve it...\nHugs..Pat"
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"Q:\n\nProblem in understanding Python list comprehensions\n\nWhat does the last line mean in the following code?",
"\nimport pickle, urllib \n\n handle = urllib.urlopen(\"http://www.pythonchallenge.com/pc/def/banner.p\")\n data = pickle.load(handle)\n handle.close()\n\n for elt in data:\n print \"\".join([e[1] * e[0] for e in elt])\n\nMy attempt to the problem:\n\n\"\".join... uses join -method to empty text\ne[1] * e[0] multiplies two subsequent values in the sequence, e\nI am not sure what is e\nI am not sure, what it means, when you have something before for -loop, like: e[1] * e[0] for e in elt\n\nA:\n\nMaybe best explained with an example:\nprint \"\".join([e[1] * e[0] for e in elt])\n\nis the short form of\nx = []\nfor e in elt:\n x.append(e[1] * e[0])\nprint \"\".join(x)\n\nList comprehensions are simply syntactic sugar for for loops, which make an expression out of a sequence of statements.",
"\nelt can be an arbitrary object, since you load it from pickles, and e likewise. ",
"The usage suggests that is it a sequence type, but it could just be anything that implements the sequence protocol.",
"\n\nA:\n\nFirstly, you need to put http:// in front of the URL, ie:\nhandle = urllib.urlopen(\"http://www.pythonchallenge.com/pc/def/banner.p\")\n\nAn expression [e for e in a_list] is a list comprehension which generates a list of values.",
"\nWith Python strings, the * operator is used to repeat a string. ",
"Try typing in the commands one by one into an interpreter then look at data:\n>>> data[0]\n[(' ', 95)]\n\nThis shows us each line of data is a tuple containing two elements.",
"\nThus the expression e[1] * e[0] is effectively the string in e[0] repeated e[1] times.",
"\nHence the program draws a banner.",
"\n\nA:\n\n[e[1] * e[0] for e in elt] is a list comprehension, which evaluates to a list itself by looping through another list, in this case elt. ",
" Each element in the new list is e[1]*e[0], where e is the corresponding element in elt.",
"\n\n"
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"// -*- C++ -*-\n//\n// $Id: FILE_Connector.inl 82723 2008-09-16 09:35:44Z johnnyw $\n\n// Creates a Local ACE_FILE.",
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"= 0 && !(",
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"You Can't Control It\n\n\"You Can't Control It\" is a song by American musician Jack Johnson from his 2017 album All the Light Above It Too. ",
"The song was released on August 25, 2017, and is the third single from the album. ",
"The song was written about the pollution in the ocean and on beaches.",
"\n\nRelease\nThe song's music video was released exclusively on Entertainment Weekly on August 24, 2017. ",
"The music video features a time-lapse of Johnson and volunteer workers at a beach in Hawaii collecting plastic within a 90-meter radius, and turning it into art. ",
"The art is also featured as his album cover on All the Light Above It Too. ",
"The video was then released on Johnson's Vevo channel on August 25.",
"\n\nOn August 25, 2017, the song was released as a CD single, and digital download to anyone who pre-ordered the album. ",
"Also on August 25, a limited edition 10\" vinyl EP was released exclusively in select US retailers, and in Peru to help support Jack's concert at Jockey Club del Perú for his All the Light Above it Too Tour.",
"\n\nTrack listing\nCD single\n \"You Can't Control It\" – 4:09\n\nVinyl 10\" EP\n \"You Can't Control It\" – 4:09\n \"Mudfootball\" (live) – 3:05\n \"Sunsets for Somebody Else\" – 3:30\n \"My Mind Is for Sale\" (Live) – 4:00\n \"I Wrote Mr. Tambourine Man\" (Live) – 4:01\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Jack Johnson (musician) songs\nCategory:2017 singles\nCategory:2017 songs\nCategory:Songs written by Jack Johnson (musician)"
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"Located in Downtown Los Angeles at 847 Golden Avenue, the complex consisted of 20 geodesic domes and was inhabited by \"up to 34 individuals and their family members\". ",
"Operated by Justiceville/Homeless USA, a non-profit organization, members of Dome Village were politically active in homelessness, nonviolence, and environmental issues.",
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" In 1987, Tom \"Beefbone\" Bolema produced a benefit 12 inch single \"Justiceville/Ted's Rap\" featuring The Butchers and Electro-Shock. ",
" The song became the soundtrack for the video \"Justiceville\", produced by Gary Glaser, which documents the bull-dozing of a Ted Hayes encampment that preceded Dome Village.",
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"The domes, which cost about $10,000 each and are easy to repair and maintain, are made of polyester fiberglass. ",
"Funding for the village provided by ARCO, a subsidiary of British Petroleum.",
"\n\nIn late 2005, the inhabitants of Dome Village were threatened with eviction as the result of an increase to the property's rent. ",
"The owner of the property, Milton Sidley, was quoted as saying that he, \"was tired of helping Ted and the Dome Village.\" ",
"The announcement about the increase came shortly after a Los Angeles Times article about an address Hayes delivered to the Bel-Air Republican Women's Club.",
"\n\nAccording to Hayes, \"When I founded the Dome Village 12 years ago, we had an understanding that he could ask for his property back at any time for any reason, and I would say \"absolutely\" without hesitation.\" ",
"Accordingly he has \"no intention of causing any trouble for this property owner\", and \"will not go to court\". ",
"However, he admitted that he \"cannot help but be saddened by the whole business. ...",
"his reason was prejudice against Republicans.\"",
"\n\nOn August 31, 2006, Hayes announced that the residents of Dome Village were being evicted and that domes would be auctioned off online. ",
"Residents, were given until October 2006 to get out, moved in traditional homeless shelters. ",
"They hope to recreate Dome Village elsewhere in Los Angeles with the proceeds from the auction.",
"\n\nPrograms\nDome Village offered numerous programs for its residents, including workshops in computer literacy, jobseeking, legal issues, and children's theatre, a community art program called Street Without a Name (SWAN), two cricket teams, community gardening programs, and many others.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1993 establishments in California\nCategory:Buildings and structures in Downtown Los Angeles\nCategory:Former populated places in California\nCategory:Homelessness in the United States\nCategory:Homelessness organizations\nCategory:Human habitats\nCategory:Intentional communities in California\nCategory:Landmarks in Los Angeles\nCategory:Residential buildings in Los Angeles"
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"ES News email The latest headlines in your inbox twice a day Monday - Friday plus breaking news updates Enter your email address Continue Please enter an email address Email address is invalid Fill out this field Email address is invalid You already have an account. ",
"Please log in Register with your social account or click here to log in I would like to receive lunchtime headlines Monday - Friday plus breaking news alerts, by email Update newsletter preferences\n\nRogue landlords will be “named and shamed” by a new online database set up to protect London’s two million private renters.",
"\n\nThey will be able to check whether prospective landlords and letting agents have been previously prosecuted for housing offences before they move into a property.",
"\n\nThey will also be able to report suspected rogue landlords and agents whose accommodation and service falls below acceptable legal standards.",
"\n\nThe New York City-style database, to be published on the Mayor’s website, will enable councils across the capital to easily share information on enforcement and investigations and act as a deterrent.",
"\n\nInitially the scheme will be developed with six councils — Newham, Brent, Camden, Southwark, Kingston and Sutton — but others are expected to join after the launch this autumn.",
"\n\nTown hall enforcement teams will be able to access detailed information about actions taken against dishonest landlords and agents.",
"\n\nIn 2013, Newham became the first council to be granted borough-wide licensing powers for rented properties and it has since prosecuted more than 1,000 criminal landlords, banning 28 from operating.",
"\n\nIt comes as Sadiq Khan announced plans for a new Homes for Londoners property portal on the City Hall website which aims to bring together in one place details of affordable homes to rent or buy.",
"\n\nHe said: “I refuse to stand by as thousands of Londoners suffer sky-high rents and horrendous living conditions in a city they call home.",
"\n\n“I’ve seen first hand the abysmal conditions that some of London’s private renters are forced to endure as a result of rogue landlords.”",
"\n\nSeb Klier, of the Generation Rent pressure group, said: “This new initiative will empower renters by allowing them to check if a landlord has committed a recent housing offence, and it will put the capital’s worst offenders on red alert, letting them know that if they mistreat their tenants, they will be exposed.”",
"\n\nEarlier this month local authorities were given extra powers by the Government to crack down on rogue landlords, including the ability to issue fines of up to £30,000.",
"\n\nHigh demand as a result of the housing crisis means some landlords exploit tenants by putting them in cramped and often unsafe homes.",
"\n\nOne raid by council officers in Brent last year found 31 migrants in a four-bedroom house, and a recent survey found six out of ten private renters in London endure problems such as leaks, pest infestations or poor heating."
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"Assessment of adequacy of pancreatic enzyme replacement with the multiple-phase carbon-14-triolein test.",
"\nThe carbon-14-triolein absorption test was used to investigate fat absorption and its response to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in 10 men with pancreatic steatorrhoea. ",
"Absorption was increased in all, from 1,14 +/- 1,2% of the dose per hour (group mean +/- SD) to 2,85 +/- 2,33% (P less than 0,01) by the simultaneous administration of 8 tablets of enteric-coated pancreatic enzymes (Nutrizym; Merck). ",
"In patients with normal or high gastric acid secretion, neutralization of gastric acid with 30 ml magnesium trisilicate had no effect on absorption while the addition of an extract of gastric secretions (Enzynorm; Noristan) to the therapy of the 1 achlorhydric patient improved absorption from 2,2% to 3,81%. ",
"The 14C fat test offers a rapid and more acceptable alternative method for determining individual response to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy than the conventional 72-hour faecal fat excretion measurement. ",
"The enteric-coated pancreatin preparation used in this study appears to be optimally effective under conditions of normal gastric acid secretion."
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"There are three different roles that a party wall surveyor can undertake via the party wall agreement process:\n\nThe building owner’s party wall surveyor: they will act wholly on the behalf of the building owner.",
"\n\nThe adjoining owner’s party wall surveyor: the party wall surveyor will commonly respond to the party wall notices on the behalf of the adjoining owner, undertaken by the schedule of condition report with the building owner’s surveyor, liaise with the building owner’s surveyor and review and agree the party wall award.",
"\n\nThe agreed party wall surveyor: the party wall surveyor will undertake all of the same roles as the two surveyors would, the only difference being that he or she acts impartially upon behalf of both owners.",
"\n\nOnce a party wall notice is served the adjoining owner will have three response options:\n\nConsenting to the party wall notice\n\nDissenting to the party wall notice and appointing their own party wall surveyor\n\nDissenting to the party wall notice and appointing an agreed party wall surveyor\n\nThe Party Wall Award is the conclusion of the party wall process and once it is served, it means that the building owner is free to commence their proposed construction works subject to adhering to the requirements set out within the Party Wall Award. ",
"Party Wall Award will contain the following information:\n\nA description of the works being undertaken\n\nThe agreed protection measures to the adjoining owners of the property\n\nMethods statements for the contractor\n\nAccess statements for the contractor\n\nA timescale for the duration of the works\n\nThe schedule of condition report\n\nThe main benefit of a Party Wall Award is that it places the dispute in the hands of the Agreed Part Wall Surveyor or the two Party Wall Award, in which both owners are fully and legally protected.",
"\n\nTheir main aim is to be both informative and helpful and which helps to identify if you proposed construction work, or your neighbor proposed construction works are covered by the party wall act 1996.",
"\n\nExcellent Job\n\nI wanted to excavate a site near a building and was clueless about how to continue and what to do. ",
"Contacted Jason-Edworthy and they provided the help I required.",
"\n\n– Alvin\n\nGood Job guys\n\nThe Party Wall Surveyors at Jason Edworthy offer high quality Party Wall services with reasonable and transparent pricing. ",
"I would recommend these peopleto all."
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"Worlds Pick’em 2019 Prediction: follow LoL Worlds and get rewarded!",
"\n\nThe Worlds Pick’em 2019 will go live on the 9th of October. ",
"The event intends to engage more players with the League of Legends World Championship event, rewarding those who closely follow the esports scene and are able to correctly predict the team standings.",
"\n\nThe event will run across both the group and knock out stage (quarter-finals, semi-finals & finals). ",
"The group stage will involve predicting the final standings of teams in each group (A, B, C & D). ",
"The knock out stage is even harder, requiring players predict the advancing / winning teams in the various matches. ",
"This makes a perfect LoL Worlds Pick’em 2019 prediction near impossible, given any upset will drastically reduce the chances of someone winning, witlh the 2018 LoL Worlds Pick’em event not garnering even a single winner.",
"\n\nTherefore, the Worlds Knockout Stage Pick’em follows the Group’s Pick’em, of which only 2682 players have successfully predicted 100% of results. ",
"The Knockout Pick’em will cover the quarterfinals, semi-finals and finals of the 2019 League of Legends World Championship.",
"\n\nSEE ALSO: LoL Worlds 2019 Predictions\n\nWorlds Pick’em 2019 Prizes\n\nComplete the bracket predictions for both the group and knockout stage – 500 Blue Essence.",
"\n\nScore a minimum of 34 points – Pick’em Poro summoner icon.",
"\n\nPerfect prediction – Every ultimate skin in the game (Elementalist Lux, DJ Sona, Gun Goddess Miss Fortune, Pulsefire Ezreal & Spirit Guard Udyr.",
"\n\nWorlds Knockout Stage Pick’em Predictions\n\nQuarterfinals\n\nGriffin vs. Invictus Gaming\n\nWhile both are strong teams, Griffin have a slight advantage given their recent dominance. ",
"On the other hand, Invictus dropped both games against another KR team in groups, DAMWON Gaming\n\nFunPlus Phoenix vs. Fnatic\n\nAlmost too close too tell, however, Fnatic through the past two games have shown they have what it takes to beat the best teams in the worlds, with a win against SKT and FNC.",
"\n\nSK Telecom T1 vs. Splyce\n\nClearly a win for SKT, nothing much too add.",
"\n\nDamwon Gaming vs. G2 Esports\n\nTwo major teams going head to head, Damwon are slightly favoured due to their extremely strong history in both the play-ins and group stage.",
"\n\nSemifinals\n\nGriffin vs. Fnatic\n\nIt would be great to see Fnatic advance here given their past two wins against two of arguably the strongest competition in the tournament, SKT and RNG. ",
"Unfortunately, Griffin are no push over, only slightly behind SKT due to losses in the finals match of both the LCK Spring and Summer Playoffs.",
"\n\nSK Telecom T1 vs. Damwon Gaming\n\nSK Telecom T1 had dominated over Damwon clearly, giving them a clear advantage over Damwon.",
"\n\nFinals\n\nGriffin vs. SK Telecom T1\n\nThe battle of two of Korea’s top two teams, GRF and SKT. ",
"This will almost definitely be a Bo5, with SKT ideally taking their fourth World Championship.",
"\n\nDid you like this article? ",
"If so, you might also enjoy this: League of Legends Worlds Betting Odds. ",
"Or else, learn how to bet on League of Legends.",
"\n\n\n\nThis article has been updated on 21 October 2019"
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"data_GIU\n#**************************************************************************\n#\n# CIF taken from the IZA-SC Database of Zeolite Structures\n# Ch. ",
"Baerlocher and L.B. McCusker\n# Database of Zeolite Structures: http://www.iza-structure.org/databases/ \n#\n# All data on this site have been placed in the public domain.",
"\n# If you use this work in a scientific publication, you are obligated to\n# cite its origin.",
"\n#\n# The atom coordinates and the cell parameters were optimized with DLS76\n# assuming a pure SiO2 composition.",
"\n#\n#**************************************************************************\n\n_cell_length_a 12.5590(0)\n_cell_length_b 12.5590(0)\n_cell_length_c 41.0260(0)\n_cell_angle_alpha 90.0000(0)\n_cell_angle_beta 90.0000(0)\n_cell_angle_gamma 120.0000(0)\n\n_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 63/m m c'\n_symmetry_Int_Tables_number 194\n_symmetry_cell_setting hexagonal\n\nloop_\n_symmetry_equiv_pos_as_xyz\n'+x,+y,+z'\n'-y,+x-y,+z'\n'-x+y,-x,+z'\n'-x,-y,1/2+z'\n'+y,-x+y,1/2+z'\n'+x-y,+x,1/2+z'\n'-y,-x,+z'\n'-x+y,+y,+z'\n'+x,+x-y,+z'\n'+y,+x,1/2+z'\n'+x-y,-y,1/2+z'\n'-x,-x+y,1/2+z'\n'-x,-y,-z'\n'+y,-x+y,-z'\n'+x-y,+x,-z'\n'+x,+y,1/2-z'\n'-y,+x-y,1/2-z'\n'-x+y,-x,1/2-z'\n'+y,+x,-z'\n'+x-y,-y,-z'\n'-x,-x+y,-z'\n'-y,-x,1/2-z'\n'-x+y,+y,1/2-z'\n'+x,+x-y,1/2-z'\n\nloop_\n_atom_site_label\n_atom_site_type_symbol\n_atom_site_fract_x\n_atom_site_fract_y\n_atom_site_fract_z\n O1 O 0.7011 0.0410 0.9700\n O2 O 0.7720 0.8860 0.9893\n O3 O 0.4304 0.8607 0.7500\n O4 O 0.6358 0.9958 0.7821\n O5 O 0.6061 0.8031 0.7500\n O6 O 0.6447 0.6280 0.0904\n O7 O 0.5746 0.7873 0.0750\n O8 O 0.4430 0.5570 0.0561\n O9 O 0.4344 0.8688 0.8716\n O10 O 0.6529 0.0112 0.8461\n O11 O 0.6023 0.8012 0.8725\n O12 O 0.4335 0.5665 0.1861\n O13 O 0.6020 0.8010 0.1903\n T1 Si 0.5802 0.6681 0.0630\n T2 Si 0.5790 0.9156 0.8750\n T3 Si 0.5788 0.6635 0.1870\n T4 Si 0.5766 0.9137 0.7500\n T5 Si 0.7550 0.0000 0.0000\n\n"
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"#include \"FWCore/Framework/interface/global/EDProducer.h\"\n\n#include \"FWCore/Framework/interface/Event.h\"\n#include \"FWCore/Framework/interface/MakerMacros.h\"\n#include \"FWCore/Utilities/interface/do_nothing_deleter.h\"\n#include \"FWCore/ParameterSet/interface/ParameterSet.h\"\n\n#include \"DataFormats/SiPixelDetId/interface/PixelSubdetector.h\"\n#include \"DataFormats/SiStripDetId/interface/StripSubdetector.h\"\n#include \"DataFormats/TrajectorySeed/interface/TrajectorySeed.h\"\n#include \"DataFormats/TrackCandidate/interface/TrackCandidateCollection.h\"\n#include \"DataFormats/TrackReco/interface/SeedStopInfo.h\"\n#include \"DataFormats/TrackingRecHit/interface/InvalidTrackingRecHit.h\"\n\n#include \"Geometry/TrackerGeometryBuilder/interface/TrackerGeometry.h\"\n#include \"Geometry/Records/interface/TrackerDigiGeometryRecord.h\"\n#include \"DataFormats/TrackerCommon/interface/TrackerTopology.h\"\n#include \"DataFormats/TrackerCommon/interface/TrackerDetSide.h\"\n#include \"Geometry/Records/interface/TrackerTopologyRcd.h\"\n\n#include \"TrackingTools/Records/interface/TransientRecHitRecord.h\"\n#include \"TrackingTools/TransientTrackingRecHit/interface/TransientTrackingRecHitBuilder.h\"\n#include \"TrackingTools/TrajectoryState/interface/TrajectoryStateTransform.h\"\n\n#include \"MagneticField/Engine/interface/MagneticField.h\"\n#include \"MagneticField/Records/interface/IdealMagneticFieldRecord.h\"\n\n#include \"TrackingTools/GeomPropagators/interface/Propagator.h\"\n#include \"TrackingTools/Records/interface/TrackingComponentsRecord.h\"\n#include \"TrackingTools/KalmanUpdators/interface/KFUpdator.h\"\n#include \"TrackingTools/KalmanUpdators/interface/Chi2MeasurementEstimator.h\"\n#include \"TrackingTools/TrackFitters/interface/KFTrajectoryFitter.h\"\n#include \"RecoTracker/TransientTrackingRecHit/interface/TkClonerImpl.h\"\n#include \"RecoTracker/TransientTrackingRecHit/interface/TkTransientTrackingRecHitBuilder.h\"\n#include \"TrackingTools/MaterialEffects/src/PropagatorWithMaterial.cc\"\n\n#include \"RecoTracker/MeasurementDet/interface/MeasurementTrackerEvent.h\"\n#include \"RecoTracker/TkDetLayers/interface/GeometricSearchTracker.h\"\n\n#include \"RecoTracker/MkFit/interface/MkFitInputWrapper.h\"\n#include \"RecoTracker/MkFit/interface/MkFitOutputWrapper.h\"\n\n// mkFit indludes\n#include \"LayerNumberConverter.h\"\n#include \"Track.h\"\n\nnamespace {\n template <typename T>\n bool isBarrel(T subdet) {\n return subdet == PixelSubdetector::PixelBarrel || subdet == StripSubdetector::TIB ||\n subdet == StripSubdetector::TOB;\n }\n\n template <typename T>\n bool isEndcap(T subdet) {\n return subdet == PixelSubdetector::PixelEndcap || subdet == StripSubdetector::TID ||\n subdet == StripSubdetector::TEC;\n }\n} // namespace\n\nclass MkFitOutputConverter : public edm::global::EDProducer<> {\npublic:\n explicit MkFitOutputConverter(edm::ParameterSet const& iConfig);\n ~MkFitOutputConverter() override = default;\n\n static void fillDescriptions(edm::ConfigurationDescriptions& descriptions);\n\nprivate:\n void produce(edm::StreamID, edm::Event& iEvent, const edm::EventSetup& iSetup) const override;\n\n std::vector<const DetLayer*> createDetLayers(const mkfit::LayerNumberConverter& lnc,\n const GeometricSearchTracker& tracker,\n const TrackerTopology& ttopo) const;\n\n TrackCandidateCollection convertCandidates(const MkFitOutputWrapper& mkFitOutput,\n const MkFitHitIndexMap& hitIndexMap,\n const edm::View<TrajectorySeed>& seeds,\n const TrackerGeometry& geom,\n const MagneticField& mf,\n const Propagator& propagatorAlong,\n const Propagator& propagatorOpposite,\n const TkClonerImpl& hitCloner,\n const std::vector<const DetLayer*>& detLayers,\n const mkfit::TrackVec& mkFitSeeds) const;\n\n std::pair<TrajectoryStateOnSurface, const GeomDet*> backwardFit(const FreeTrajectoryState& fts,\n const edm::OwnVector<TrackingRecHit>& hits,\n const Propagator& propagatorAlong,\n const Propagator& propagatorOpposite,\n const TkClonerImpl& hitCloner,\n bool lastHitWasInvalid,\n bool lastHitWasChanged) const;\n\n std::pair<TrajectoryStateOnSurface, const GeomDet*> convertInnermostState(const FreeTrajectoryState& fts,\n const edm::OwnVector<TrackingRecHit>& hits,\n const Propagator& propagatorAlong,\n const Propagator& propagatorOpposite) const;\n\n edm::EDGetTokenT<MkFitInputWrapper> hitsSeedsToken_;\n edm::EDGetTokenT<MkFitOutputWrapper> tracksToken_;\n edm::EDGetTokenT<edm::View<TrajectorySeed>> seedToken_;\n edm::EDGetTokenT<MeasurementTrackerEvent> mteToken_;\n edm::ESGetToken<TrackerGeometry, TrackerDigiGeometryRecord> geomToken_;\n edm::ESGetToken<Propagator, TrackingComponentsRecord> propagatorAlongToken_;\n edm::ESGetToken<Propagator, TrackingComponentsRecord> propagatorOppositeToken_;\n edm::ESGetToken<TrackerTopology, TrackerTopologyRcd> ttopoToken_;\n edm::ESGetToken<MagneticField, IdealMagneticFieldRecord> mfToken_;\n edm::ESGetToken<TransientTrackingRecHitBuilder, TransientRecHitRecord> ttrhBuilderToken_;\n edm::EDPutTokenT<TrackCandidateCollection> putTrackCandidateToken_;\n edm::EDPutTokenT<std::vector<SeedStopInfo>> putSeedStopInfoToken_;\n std::string ttrhBuilderName_;\n std::string propagatorAlongName_;\n std::string propagatorOppositeName_;\n bool backwardFitInCMSSW_;\n};\n\nMkFitOutputConverter::MkFitOutputConverter(edm::ParameterSet const& iConfig)\n : hitsSeedsToken_{consumes<MkFitInputWrapper>(iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>(\"hitsSeeds\"))},\n tracksToken_{consumes<MkFitOutputWrapper>(iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>(\"tracks\"))},\n seedToken_{consumes<edm::View<TrajectorySeed>>(iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>(\"seeds\"))},\n mteToken_{consumes<MeasurementTrackerEvent>(iConfig.getParameter<edm::InputTag>(\"measurementTrackerEvent\"))},\n geomToken_{esConsumes<TrackerGeometry, TrackerDigiGeometryRecord>()},\n propagatorAlongToken_{\n esConsumes<Propagator, TrackingComponentsRecord>(iConfig.getParameter<edm::ESInputTag>(\"propagatorAlong\"))},\n propagatorOppositeToken_{esConsumes<Propagator, TrackingComponentsRecord>(\n iConfig.getParameter<edm::ESInputTag>(\"propagatorOpposite\"))},\n ttopoToken_{esConsumes<TrackerTopology, TrackerTopologyRcd>()},\n mfToken_{esConsumes<MagneticField, IdealMagneticFieldRecord>()},\n ttrhBuilderToken_{esConsumes<TransientTrackingRecHitBuilder, TransientRecHitRecord>(\n iConfig.getParameter<edm::ESInputTag>(\"ttrhBuilder\"))},\n putTrackCandidateToken_{produces<TrackCandidateCollection>()},\n putSeedStopInfoToken_{produces<std::vector<SeedStopInfo>>()},\n backwardFitInCMSSW_{iConfig.getParameter<bool>(\"backwardFitInCMSSW\")} {}\n\nvoid MkFitOutputConverter::fillDescriptions(edm::ConfigurationDescriptions& descriptions) {\n edm::ParameterSetDescription desc;\n\n desc.add(\"hitsSeeds\", edm::InputTag{\"mkFitInputConverter\"});\n desc.add(\"tracks\", edm::InputTag{\"mkFitProducer\"});\n desc.add(\"seeds\", edm::InputTag{\"initialStepSeeds\"});\n desc.add(\"measurementTrackerEvent\", edm::InputTag{\"MeasurementTrackerEvent\"});\n desc.add(\"ttrhBuilder\", edm::ESInputTag{\"\", \"WithTrackAngle\"});\n desc.add(\"propagatorAlong\", edm::ESInputTag{\"\", \"PropagatorWithMaterial\"});\n desc.add(\"propagatorOpposite\", edm::ESInputTag{\"\", \"PropagatorWithMaterialOpposite\"});\n desc.add(\"backwardFitInCMSSW\", false)\n ->setComment(\"Do backward fit (to innermost hit) in CMSSW (true) or mkFit (false)\");\n\n descriptions.addWithDefaultLabel(desc);\n}\n\nvoid MkFitOutputConverter::produce(edm::StreamID iID, edm::Event& iEvent, const edm::EventSetup& iSetup) const {\n const auto& seeds = iEvent.get(seedToken_);\n const auto& hitsSeeds = iEvent.get(hitsSeedsToken_);\n const auto& mte = iEvent.get(mteToken_);\n\n const auto& ttrhBuilder = iSetup.getData(ttrhBuilderToken_);\n const auto* tkBuilder = dynamic_cast<TkTransientTrackingRecHitBuilder const*>(&ttrhBuilder);\n if (!",
"tkBuilder) {\n throw cms::Exception(\"LogicError\") << \"TTRHBuilder must be of type TkTransientTrackingRecHitBuilder\";\n }\n\n // Convert mkfit presentation back to CMSSW\n const auto detlayers =\n createDetLayers(hitsSeeds.layerNumberConverter(), *(mte.geometricSearchTracker()), iSetup.getData(ttopoToken_));\n iEvent.emplace(putTrackCandidateToken_,\n convertCandidates(iEvent.get(tracksToken_),\n hitsSeeds.hitIndexMap(),\n seeds,\n iSetup.getData(geomToken_),\n iSetup.getData(mfToken_),\n iSetup.getData(propagatorAlongToken_),\n iSetup.getData(propagatorOppositeToken_),\n tkBuilder->cloner(),\n detlayers,\n hitsSeeds.seeds()));\n\n // TODO: SeedStopInfo is currently unfilled\n iEvent.emplace(putSeedStopInfoToken_, seeds.size());\n}\n\nstd::vector<const DetLayer*> MkFitOutputConverter::createDetLayers(const mkfit::LayerNumberConverter& lnc,\n const GeometricSearchTracker& tracker,\n const TrackerTopology& ttopo) const {\n std::vector<const DetLayer*> dets(lnc.nLayers(), nullptr);\n\n auto isPlusSide = [&ttopo](const DetId& detid) {\n return ttopo.side(detid) == static_cast<unsigned>(TrackerDetSide::PosEndcap);\n };\n auto setDet = [&lnc, &dets, &isPlusSide](\n const int subdet, const int layer, const int isStereo, const DetId& detId, const DetLayer* lay) {\n const int index = lnc.convertLayerNumber(subdet, layer, false, isStereo, isPlusSide(detId));\n if (index < 0 or static_cast<unsigned>(index) >= dets.size()) {\n throw cms::Exception(\"LogicError\") << \"Invalid mkFit layer index \" << index << \" for DetId \" << detId\n << \" subdet \" << subdet << \" layer \" << layer << \" isStereo \" << isStereo;\n }\n dets[index] = lay;\n };\n constexpr int monoLayer = 0;\n constexpr int stereoLayer = 1;\n for (const DetLayer* lay : tracker.allLayers()) {\n const auto& comp = lay->basicComponents();\n if (UNLIKELY(comp.empty())) {\n throw cms::Exception(\"LogicError\") << \"Got a tracker layer (subdet \" << lay->subDetector()\n << \") with empty basicComponents.\";",
"\n }\n // First component is enough for layer and side information\n const auto& detId = comp.front()->geographicalId();\n const auto subdet = detId.subdetId();\n const auto layer = ttopo.layer(detId);\n\n // TODO: mono/stereo structure is still hardcoded for phase0/1 strip tracker\n setDet(subdet, layer, monoLayer, detId, lay);\n if (((subdet == StripSubdetector::TIB or subdet == StripSubdetector::TOB) and (layer == 1 or layer == 2)) or\n subdet == StripSubdetector::TID or subdet == StripSubdetector::TEC) {\n setDet(subdet, layer, stereoLayer, detId, lay);\n }\n }\n\n return dets;\n}\n\nTrackCandidateCollection MkFitOutputConverter::convertCandidates(const MkFitOutputWrapper& mkFitOutput,\n const MkFitHitIndexMap& hitIndexMap,\n const edm::View<TrajectorySeed>& seeds,\n const TrackerGeometry& geom,\n const MagneticField& mf,\n const Propagator& propagatorAlong,\n const Propagator& propagatorOpposite,\n const TkClonerImpl& hitCloner,\n const std::vector<const DetLayer*>& detLayers,\n const mkfit::TrackVec& mkFitSeeds) const {\n TrackCandidateCollection output;\n const auto& candidates = backwardFitInCMSSW_ ? ",
"mkFitOutput.candidateTracks() : mkFitOutput.fitTracks();\n output.reserve(candidates.size());\n\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"Number of candidates \" << mkFitOutput.candidateTracks().size();\n\n int candIndex = -1;\n for (const auto& cand : candidates) {\n ++candIndex;\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"Candidate \" << candIndex << \" pT \" << cand.pT() << \" eta \" << cand.momEta()\n << \" phi \" << cand.momPhi() << \" chi2 \" << cand.chi2();\n\n // hits\n edm::OwnVector<TrackingRecHit> recHits;\n // nTotalHits() gives sum of valid hits (nFoundHits()) and\n // invalid/missing hits (up to a maximum of 32 inside mkFit,\n // restriction to be lifted in the future)\n const int nhits = cand.nTotalHits();\n bool lastHitInvalid = false;\n for (int i = 0; i < nhits; ++i) {\n const auto& hitOnTrack = cand.getHitOnTrack(i);\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \" hit on layer \" << hitOnTrack.layer << \" index \" << hitOnTrack.index;\n if (hitOnTrack.index < 0) {\n // See index-desc.txt file in mkFit for description of negative values\n //\n // In order to use the regular InvalidTrackingRecHit I'd need\n // a GeomDet (and \"unfortunately\" that is needed in\n // TrackProducer).",
"\n //\n // I guess we could take the track state and propagate it to\n // each layer to find the actual module the track crosses, and\n // check whether it is active or not to be able to mark\n // inactive hits\n const auto* detLayer = detLayers.at(hitOnTrack.layer);\n if (detLayer == nullptr) {\n throw cms::Exception(\"LogicError\") << \"DetLayer for layer index \" << hitOnTrack.layer << \" is null!\";",
"\n }\n // In principle an InvalidTrackingRecHitNoDet could be\n // inserted here, but it seems that it is best to deal with\n // them in the TrackProducer.",
"\n lastHitInvalid = true;\n } else {\n recHits.push_back(hitIndexMap.hitPtr(MkFitHitIndexMap::MkFitHit{hitOnTrack.index, hitOnTrack.layer})->clone());\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \" pos \" << recHits.back().globalPosition().x() << \" \"\n << recHits.back().globalPosition().y() << \" \"\n << recHits.back().globalPosition().z() << \" mag2 \"\n << recHits.back().globalPosition().mag2() << \" detid \"\n << recHits.back().geographicalId().rawId() << \" cluster \"\n << hitIndexMap.clusterIndex(\n MkFitHitIndexMap::MkFitHit{hitOnTrack.index, hitOnTrack.layer});\n lastHitInvalid = false;\n }\n }\n\n const auto lastHitId = recHits.back().geographicalId();\n\n // MkFit hits are *not* in the order of propagation, sort by 3D radius for now (as we don't have loopers)\n // TODO: Improve the sorting (extract keys? ",
"maybe even bubble sort would work well as the hits are almost in the correct order)\n recHits.sort([](const auto& a, const auto& b) {\n const auto asub = a.geographicalId().subdetId();\n const auto bsub = b.geographicalId().subdetId();\n if (asub !",
"= bsub) {\n // Subdetector order (BPix, FPix, TIB, TID, TOB, TEC) corresponds also the navigation\n return asub < bsub;\n }\n\n const auto& apos = a.globalPosition();\n const auto& bpos = b.globalPosition();\n\n if (isBarrel(asub)) {\n return apos.perp2() < bpos.perp2();\n }\n return std::abs(apos.z()) < std::abs(bpos.z());\n });\n\n const bool lastHitChanged = (recHits.back().geographicalId() !",
"= lastHitId); // TODO: make use of the bools\n\n // seed\n const auto seedIndex = cand.label();\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \" from seed \" << seedIndex << \" seed hits\";\n const auto& mkseed = mkFitSeeds.at(cand.label());\n for (int i = 0; i < mkseed.nTotalHits(); ++i) {\n const auto& hitOnTrack = mkseed.getHitOnTrack(i);\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \" hit on layer \" << hitOnTrack.layer << \" index \" << hitOnTrack.index;\n // sanity check for now\n const auto& candHitOnTrack = cand.getHitOnTrack(i);\n if (hitOnTrack.layer !",
"= candHitOnTrack.layer) {\n throw cms::Exception(\"LogicError\")\n << \"Candidate \" << candIndex << \" from seed \" << seedIndex << \" hit \" << i\n << \" has different layer in candidate (\" << candHitOnTrack.layer << \") and seed (\" << hitOnTrack.layer\n << \").\"",
"\n << \" Hit indices are \" << candHitOnTrack.index << \" and \" << hitOnTrack.index << \", respectively\";\n }\n if (hitOnTrack.index !",
"= candHitOnTrack.index) {\n throw cms::Exception(\"LogicError\") << \"Candidate \" << candIndex << \" from seed \" << seedIndex << \" hit \" << i\n << \" has different hit index in candidate (\" << candHitOnTrack.index\n << \") and seed (\" << hitOnTrack.index << \") on layer \" << hitOnTrack.layer;\n }\n }\n\n // state\n auto state = cand.state(); // copy because have to modify\n state.convertFromCCSToCartesian();\n const auto& param = state.parameters;\n const auto& err = state.errors;\n AlgebraicSymMatrix66 cov;\n for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {\n for (int j = i; j < 6; ++j) {\n cov[i][j] = err.",
"At(i, j);\n }\n }\n\n auto fts = FreeTrajectoryState(\n GlobalTrajectoryParameters(\n GlobalPoint(param[0], param[1], param[2]), GlobalVector(param[3], param[4], param[5]), state.charge, &mf),\n CartesianTrajectoryError(cov));\n if (!",
"fts.curvilinearError().posDef()) {\n edm::LogWarning(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"Curvilinear error not pos-def\\n\"\n << fts.curvilinearError().matrix() << \"\\noriginal 6x6 covariance matrix\\n\"\n << cov << \"\\ncandidate ignored\";\n continue;\n }\n\n auto tsosDet =\n backwardFitInCMSSW_\n ? ",
"backwardFit(fts, recHits, propagatorAlong, propagatorOpposite, hitCloner, lastHitInvalid, lastHitChanged)\n : convertInnermostState(fts, recHits, propagatorAlong, propagatorOpposite);\n if (!",
"tsosDet.first.isValid()) {\n edm::LogWarning(\"MkFitOutputConverter\")\n << \"Backward fit of candidate \" << candIndex << \" failed, ignoring the candidate\";\n continue;\n }\n\n // convert to persistent, from CkfTrackCandidateMakerBase\n auto pstate = trajectoryStateTransform::persistentState(tsosDet.first, tsosDet.second->geographicalId().rawId());\n\n output.emplace_back(\n recHits,\n seeds.at(seedIndex),\n pstate,\n seeds.refAt(seedIndex),\n 0, // mkFit does not produce loopers, so set nLoops=0\n static_cast<uint8_t>(StopReason::UNINITIALIZED) // TODO: ignore details of stopping reason as well for now\n );\n }\n return output;\n}\n\nstd::pair<TrajectoryStateOnSurface, const GeomDet*> MkFitOutputConverter::backwardFit(\n const FreeTrajectoryState& fts,\n const edm::OwnVector<TrackingRecHit>& hits,\n const Propagator& propagatorAlong,\n const Propagator& propagatorOpposite,\n const TkClonerImpl& hitCloner,\n bool lastHitWasInvalid,\n bool lastHitWasChanged) const {\n // First filter valid hits as in TransientInitialStateEstimator\n TransientTrackingRecHit::ConstRecHitContainer firstHits;\n\n for (int i = hits.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n if (hits[i].det()) {\n // TransientTrackingRecHit::ConstRecHitContainer has shared_ptr,\n // and it is passed to backFitter below so it is really needed\n // to keep the interface. ",
"Since we keep the ownership in hits,\n // let's disable the deleter.",
"\n firstHits.emplace_back(&(hits[i]), edm::do_nothing_deleter{});\n }\n }\n\n // Then propagate along to the surface of the last hit to get a TSOS\n const auto& lastHitSurface = firstHits.front()->det()->surface();\n\n const Propagator* tryFirst = &propagatorAlong;\n const Propagator* trySecond = &propagatorOpposite;\n if (lastHitWasInvalid || lastHitWasChanged) {\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"Propagating first opposite, then along, because lastHitWasInvalid? \"",
"\n << lastHitWasInvalid << \" or lastHitWasChanged? \" ",
"<< lastHitWasChanged;\n std::swap(tryFirst, trySecond);\n } else {\n const auto lastHitSubdet = firstHits.front()->geographicalId().subdetId();\n const auto& surfacePos = lastHitSurface.position();\n const auto& lastHitPos = firstHits.front()->globalPosition();\n bool doSwitch = false;\n if (isBarrel(lastHitSubdet)) {\n doSwitch = (surfacePos.perp2() < lastHitPos.perp2());\n } else {\n doSwitch = (surfacePos.z() < lastHitPos.z());\n }\n if (doSwitch) {\n LogTrace(\"MkFitOutputConverter\")\n << \"Propagating first opposite, then along, because surface is inner than the hit; surface perp2 \"\n << surfacePos.perp() << \" hit \" << lastHitPos.perp2() << \" surface z \" << surfacePos.z() << \" hit \"\n << lastHitPos.z();\n\n std::swap(tryFirst, trySecond);\n }\n }\n\n auto tsosDouble = tryFirst->propagateWithPath(fts, lastHitSurface);\n if (!",
"tsosDouble.first.isValid()) {\n LogDebug(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"Propagating to startingState failed, trying in another direction next\";\n tsosDouble = trySecond->propagateWithPath(fts, lastHitSurface);\n }\n auto& startingState = tsosDouble.first;\n\n if (!",
"startingState.isValid()) {\n edm::LogWarning(\"MkFitOutputConverter\")\n << \"startingState is not valid, FTS was\\n\"\n << fts << \" last hit surface surface:\"\n << \"\\n position \" << lastHitSurface.position() << \"\\n phiSpan \" << lastHitSurface.phiSpan().first << \",\"\n << lastHitSurface.phiSpan().first << \"\\n rSpan \" << lastHitSurface.rSpan().first << \",\"\n << lastHitSurface.rSpan().first << \"\\n zSpan \" << lastHitSurface.zSpan().first << \",\"\n << lastHitSurface.zSpan().first;\n return std::pair<TrajectoryStateOnSurface, const GeomDet*>();\n }\n\n // Then return back to the logic from TransientInitialStateEstimator\n startingState.rescaleError(100.);",
"\n\n // avoid cloning\n KFUpdator const aKFUpdator;\n Chi2MeasurementEstimator const aChi2MeasurementEstimator(100., ",
"3);\n KFTrajectoryFitter backFitter(\n &propagatorAlong, &aKFUpdator, &aChi2MeasurementEstimator, firstHits.size(), nullptr, &hitCloner);\n\n // assume for now that the propagation in mkfit always alongMomentum\n PropagationDirection backFitDirection = oppositeToMomentum;\n\n // only direction matters in this context\n TrajectorySeed fakeSeed(PTrajectoryStateOnDet(), edm::OwnVector<TrackingRecHit>(), backFitDirection);\n\n // ignore loopers for now\n Trajectory fitres = backFitter.fitOne(fakeSeed, firstHits, startingState, TrajectoryFitter::standard);\n\n LogDebug(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"using a backward fit of :\" << firstHits.size() << \" hits, starting from:\\n\"\n << startingState << \" to get the estimate of the initial state of the track.\";",
"\n\n if (!",
"fitres.isValid()) {\n edm::LogWarning(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"FitTester: first hits fit failed\";\n return std::pair<TrajectoryStateOnSurface, const GeomDet*>();\n }\n\n TrajectoryMeasurement const& firstMeas = fitres.lastMeasurement();\n\n // magnetic field can be different!",
"\n TrajectoryStateOnSurface firstState(firstMeas.updatedState().localParameters(),\n firstMeas.updatedState().localError(),\n firstMeas.updatedState().surface(),\n propagatorAlong.magneticField());\n\n firstState.rescaleError(100.);",
"\n\n LogDebug(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"the initial state is found to be:\\n:\" << firstState\n << \"\\n it's field pointer is: \" << firstState.magneticField()\n << \"\\n the pointer from the state of the back fit was: \"\n << firstMeas.updatedState().magneticField();\n\n return std::make_pair(firstState, firstMeas.recHit()->det());\n}\n\nstd::pair<TrajectoryStateOnSurface, const GeomDet*> MkFitOutputConverter::convertInnermostState(\n const FreeTrajectoryState& fts,\n const edm::OwnVector<TrackingRecHit>& hits,\n const Propagator& propagatorAlong,\n const Propagator& propagatorOpposite) const {\n auto det = hits[0].det();\n if (det == nullptr) {\n throw cms::Exception(\"LogicError\") << \"Got nullptr from the first hit det()\";\n }\n\n const auto& firstHitSurface = det->surface();\n\n auto tsosDouble = propagatorAlong.propagateWithPath(fts, firstHitSurface);\n if (!",
"tsosDouble.first.isValid()) {\n LogDebug(\"MkFitOutputConverter\") << \"Propagating to startingState along momentum failed, trying opposite next\";\n tsosDouble = propagatorOpposite.propagateWithPath(fts, firstHitSurface);\n }\n\n return std::make_pair(tsosDouble.first, det);\n}\n\nDEFINE_FWK_MODULE(MkFitOutputConverter);\n"
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"Effects of ophthalmologic solutions on sinonasal ciliated epithelium.",
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"Steroids, antibiotics, and other drugs designed for ocular use have subjective clinical efficacy in the nose and sinuses, but their specific effects on the ciliated epithelium are less well defined. ",
"This study examines 9 commercially available ophthalmologic drug formulations for effects on ciliary motility in sinonasal cultures, in an effort to characterize their utility as topical therapies for sinonasal diseases. ",
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"Both active drugs and excipients can play a role in ciliary modulation, and specific formulations can show unique or unexpected properties. ",
"Any other individual ophthalmologic solutions to be used in a nasal drug delivery system should be tested in this manner to evaluate potential ciliary effects before clinical use."
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"The present invention relates to a sputtering target suitable for formation of wiring of low resistance, an Al wiring film using the same, and electronic components comprising the Al wiring film such as semiconductor elements, liquid crystal display devices, surface acoustic wave devices or the like.",
"\nRecently, semiconductor industry typical in LSI is rapidly advancing. ",
"In semiconductor elements such as DRAMs, as higher integration and reliability advance, accuracy required for fine machining is also getting higher and higher. ",
"Further, for also sputtering targets being employed in forming wiring or the like, a more homogeneous metallic layer is demanded to form.",
"\nAmong various kinds of metals for formation of the wiring, aluminum (Al) is attracting attention as formation material of low resistance wiring. ",
"Al is also expected as a wiring film being used as gate lines and signal lines of a TFT drive type liquid crystal display device (LCD). ",
"This is because as the size of LCD screen becomes larger, the wiring film of lower resistance is in demand. ",
"For instance, a large LCD of such as more than 10 inches necessitates the wiring of lower resistance of 10 xcexcxcexa9 cm or less.",
"\nDue to the Al wiring, the low resistance wiring can be realized. ",
"However, the Al film, due to heating at approximately 673K during heat treatment after CVD processing or wiring formation, generates protrusions called as hillock. ",
"This is because in the course of stress release of the Al film due to heating, Al atoms diffuse to generate the protrusions accompanying the diffusion of the Al atoms. ",
"Such protrusions, when generated in the Al wiring, adversely affect on the later process to cause problems.",
"\nThereupon, it is tried to add a slight amount of metallic elements such as Cu, Si, Pd, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nd and Y to the Al wiring (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. ",
"HEI 5-335271). ",
"Specifically, these metallic elements are added to an Al target itself. ",
"Such metallic elements as mentioned above, forming an intermetallic compound with Al, function as trapping material of Al. ",
"Thereby, the aforementioned hillocks are suppressed from forming. ",
"In forming Al wiring for highly integrated semiconductor elements and large size LCDs, the Al alloy target that contains a slight amount of such a metallic element is in use.",
"\nNow, as higher integration, higher reliability and higher functionality of electronic devices such as semiconductor elements proceed, the structure thereof has become more complicated. ",
"As a result of this, a multi level interconnection structure has come to be adopted. ",
"Accordingly, further technological innovation is required in fine machining technology. ",
"In addition to the wiring, further improvement of reliability and longevity are in demand. ",
"For such purposes, sputtering films of high denseness and high orientation are in demand. ",
"Since such sputtering films are difficult to obtain by use of the existing general sputtering methods, new sputtering methods such as long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering are being adopted.",
"\nIn sputtering by the general sputtering method, when segregation or internal defect exists in a target, dust or splash may occur due to an extraordinary electric discharge or the like. ",
"These cause defects during formation of DRAMs or TFT elements. ",
"There, investigation and elucidation of mechanism causing the dust or splash is in advance, and at the same time, development of preventive measure is also in progress. ",
"Some results are being obtained.",
"\nHowever, in the new sputtering methods such as the aforementioned long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering, higher power or higher temperature than ever is being advanced. ",
"Accordingly, thermal influence upon a target is becoming more than ever. ",
"In the long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering, the thermal influence on the target reaches up to for instance approximately 500xc2x0 C.\nWhen forming, due to the long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering exposing the target to such severe conditions as mentioned above, an Al wiring film with an Al alloy target including a slight amount of metallic elements such as Cu, Si, Nd, Y or the like, lots of defect modes that have never been ascertained are found to occur. ",
"That is, there occurs lots of giant dust particles having a size such large as from 100 to 5000 xcexcm in the sputtered film to remarkably deteriorate yield of electronic devices such as DRAMs or TFT elements.",
"\nFurther, in the long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering, there occur a problem that concavities or holes of relatively larger size occur in the sputtering films. ",
"These concavities or holes cause to deteriorate electromigration resistance or stress migration resistance. ",
"Accordingly, the yield of electronic devices such as DRAMs or TFT elements is deteriorated.",
"\nThe existing dust preventive measure can not prevent the aforementioned giant dust particles or relatively large size concavities from occurring. ",
"Accordingly, sounder fine wiring networks are in demand to be formed by use of the long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering.",
"\nFurther, in the Al wiring (Al alloy wiring) including a slight amount of the aforementioned metallic elements, due to the intermetallic compound formed between Al and an added element, Al can be suppressed from diffusing. ",
"However, there is a problem that a generated intermetallic compound can adversely affect on etching property of the Al wiring. ",
"That is, when dry etching such as CDE (Chemical Dry Etching) or RIE (Reactive Ion Etching), or wet etching is applied to the Al wiring film that contains an intermetallic compound, the intermetallic compound cause insoluble remains called as residue. ",
"This is largely detrimental in forming the fine wiring network.",
"\nFrom the above, in the Al target and Al wiring that are employed for forming the low resistance wiring, it is demanded to suppress the diffusion of Al due to the heating after film formation to prevent the hillock or the like from occurring. ",
"In addition to this, it is demanded for the residue also to be suppressed during etching.",
"\nAn object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target that enables to suppress new defect modes (giant dust particles or large concavities) from occurring. ",
"The new defect modes occur in particular, when the new sputtering methods such as long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering are employed. ",
"Further, the object includes, due to the use of such sputtering target, to provide Al wiring films that are excellent in hillock resistance and formation property of fine wiring network, and electronic components using such Al wiring films.",
"\nFurther, another object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target that can form with reproducibility Al wiring films of low resistance that are capable of preventing etching residue as well as hillock from occurring. ",
"Further, the object includes, by employing such sputtering target, to provide Al wiring films excellent in hillock resistance and formation property of fine wiring network, and electronic components employing such Al wiring films.",
"\nA first invention of the present application enables, through elucidation of reasons why to cause giant dust particles in the new sputtering method such as long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering, to suppress giant dust particles or the like from occurring. ",
"The first invention, by stipulating the degree of dispersion of added elements in a sputtering target with the mapping of EPMA (Electron Probe X-ray Microanalyzer) analysis, suppresses the giant dust particles from occurring.",
"\nA sputtering target of the first invention consists essentially of 0.1 to 50% by weight of at least one kind of element that forms an intermetallic compound with Al, and the balance of Al. ",
"Here, the element that forms the intermetallic compound is uniformly dispersed in the target texture, and, in a mapping of EPMA analysis, a portion of which count number of detection sensitivity of the element is 22 or more is less than 60% by area ratio in a measurement area of 20xc3x9720 xcexcm.",
"\nThe other sputtering target of the first invention consists essentially of 0.1 to 50% by weight of at least one kind of element selected from a group consisting of Cu, Si, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Fe, Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re and B, and the balance of Al. ",
"Here, the element is uniformly dispersed in the target texture, and, in the mapping of EPMA analysis, a portion of which count number of detection sensitivity of the element is 22 or more is less than 60% by area ratio in a measurement area of 20xc3x9720 xcexcm.",
"\nThe sputtering target of the first invention is further characterized in that, in the aforementioned mapping of EPMA analysis, a portion of which count number of the aforementioned element that forms the intermetallic compound or the element selected from the aforementioned group is 22 or more is less than 10% by area ratio in a measurement area of 200xc3x97200 xcexcm.",
"\nAn Al wiring film of the first invention is characterized in that the Al wiring film is formed by use of the aforementioned sputtering target. ",
"The electronic component of the first invention comprises the aforementioned Al wiring film. ",
"As concrete examples of the electronic components, semiconductor elements, liquid crystal display devices, surface acoustic wave devices or the like can be cited.",
"\nIn the new sputtering method such as long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering, higher power and higher temperature more than ever are in advance. ",
"Accordingly, thermal influence upon the target becomes more than ever (for example, approximately 500xc2x0 C.). ",
"Accordingly, the temperature of the sputtering target surface during sputtering becomes higher more than ever. ",
"Thereby, free energy of atoms constituting the target becomes large.",
"\nAccompanying such phenomena, the added element seeks for a stable area to precipitates at the grain boundary. ",
"Due to the precipitation of the added element, there occurs a large difference of the sputtering rate between the grain boundary and the interior of the grain to result in for only the interior portion of the grain to locally remain. ",
"Accordingly, on the surface of the target large unevenness is generated. ",
"When the sputtering is continued on in such a state, the rebounded sputtered particles begin sticking on the generated projections. ",
"Thereby, the projections become gigantic in the size thereof. ",
"Such projections fly off the sputtering target as a mass, thereby the giant dust particles stick on the substrate.",
"\nAs mentioned above, due to an increase of thermal influence on the target, the added element precipitates at the grain boundary to generate the giant dust particle. ",
"The more non-uniform the initial state of dispersion is, that is the more segregated the added elements are, the more remarkable the precipitation of the added element becomes.",
"\nThere, in the sputtering target of the first invention, the dispersion degree of the added element, in the mapping of EPMA analysis, is stipulated so that a portion where the count number of detection sensitivity of the added element is 22 or more is less than 60% by area ratio in a measurement area of 20xc3x9720 xcexcm. ",
"By satisfying such a state of dispersion, the precipitation of the added elements can be suppressed, thereby the giant dust particles can be suppressed from occurring.",
"\nAccording to the wiring film formed by use of the sputtering method such as long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering with the aforementioned first sputtering target, the giant dust particles can be suppressed from occurring. ",
"Accordingly, the product yield can be remarkably improved. ",
"In addition to this, based on the sputtering methods as described above, the Al wiring film of high denseness and high orientation can be provided.",
"\nA second invention of the present application, through elucidation of reasons why to cause the relatively large concavities or holes in the new sputtering method such as long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering, enables to suppress the giant dust particles and relatively large concavities and holes both based on the giant dust particles from occurring. ",
"In the second invention, by stipulating the dispersion degree of impurity elements such as Cr, Fe, C or the like in a target with the mapping of EPMA analysis, giant dust particles and relatively large concavities and holes both due to the giant dust particles are suppressed from occurring.",
"\nIn a sputtering target in the second invention, a first mode is a sputtering target consisting essentially of 0.1 to 50% by weight of at least one kind of element that forms an intermetallic compound with Al, and the balance of Al. ",
"Cr contained in the aforementioned target is characterized in that, in the mapping of EPMA analysis, a portion of which count number of detection sensitivity of Cr is 33 or more is less than 60% by area ratio in a measurement area of 20xc3x9720 xcexcm.",
"\nA second mode is a sputtering target consisting essentially of 0.1 to 50% by weight of at least one kind of element that forms an intermetallic compound with Al, and the balance of Al. ",
"Fe contained in the target is characterized in that, in the mapping of EPMA analysis, a portion of which count number of detection sensitivity of Fe is 20 or more is less than 60% by area ratio in a measurement area of 20xc3x9720 xcexcm.",
"\nA sputtering target of a third mode is a sputtering target consisting essentially of 0.1 to 50% by weight of at least one kind of element that forms an intermetallic compound with Al, and the balance of Al. ",
"C contained in the aforementioned target is characterized in that, in the mapping of EPMA analysis, a portion of which count number of detection sensitivity of C is 55 or more is less than 60% by area ratio in a measurement area of 20xc3x9720 xcexcm.",
"\nThe sputtering target of the second invention is further characterized in that, in each mapping of EPMA analysis of Cr, Fe and C as impurity element, a portion of which count number is more than the stipulated one for each element (the count numbers of Cr: 33, Fe: 20, and C: 55) is less than 10% by area ratio in a measurement area of 200xc3x97200 xcexcm.",
"\nAn Al wiring film in the second invention is one that is formed by sputtering the aforementioned sputtering target. ",
"An electronic component in the second invention is one that comprises the aforementioned Al wiring film. ",
"As concrete examples of the electronic components, semiconductor elements, liquid crystal display devices, surface acoustic wave devices or the like can be cited.",
"\nIn the new sputtering methods such as long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering method, as explained above, the temperature of the target surface becomes higher than ever during sputtering, thereby the free energy of atoms constituting the target becomes larger. ",
"Accompanying such phenomena, the impurity elements contained in the target, in particular Cr, Fe and C seek a stable area to precipitate at the grain boundary. ",
"Due to precipitation of these impurity elements, there occurs a large difference in the sputtering rates between the grain boundary and the inside of the grain. ",
"Thereby, only the interior of the grain locally remains on the target surface to form a large unevenness thereon.",
"\nIn a state where the large unevenness is formed on the target surface, when the sputtering is further continued on, to the projections formed, sputtered particles rebound to stick to form giant projections. ",
"These giant projections fly off the target as a mass to stick on a substrate as giant dust particles. ",
"When such giant dust particles containing the impurity elements stick to the substrate, a mode of growth of the film changes only there from others to cause a difficulty in stacking the constituent atoms thereon. ",
"Thus, concavities and holes large relative to the sputtering film are formed.",
"\nAs thermal influence on the target increases, the impurity elements such as Cr, Fe and C precipitate at the grain boundary to generate relatively large concavities and holes and the giant dust particles causing these. ",
"The less uniform the initial state of dispersion of the impurity element is, in other words, the more segregated the impurity in the target is, the more conspicuous the precipitation of the impurity element becomes.",
"\nThere, in the sputtering target of the second invention, the degrees of dispersion of Cr, Fe and C, with the mappings of the EPMA analysis, are stipulated in the range as described above. ",
"By satisfying such dispersion states of Cr, Fe and C, these impurity elements can be suppressed from precipitating. ",
"As a result, the relatively large concavities and holes and the giant dust particles causing these can be suppressed from occurring.",
"\nWith the second sputtering target such as described above, Al wiring films are formed by use of long throw sputtering or reflow sputtering. ",
"According to thus formed Al wiring films, the relatively large concavities or holes, being suppressed from occurring, can remarkably improve the product yield. ",
"In addition to this, due to the aforementioned sputtering method, the Al wiring films or the like of higher denseness and orientation can be provided.",
"\nThe sputtering targets in the first and second inventions are not restricted in application to the long throw sputtering and reflow sputtering, but can be applied even in the existing general sputtering method. ",
"The same can be said with the Al wiring films of the first and second inventions.",
"\nIn a third invention of the present application, occurrence of etching residue of an Al wiring film containing an element that forms an intermetallic compound and deterioration of finely etching property can be suppressed from occurring by incorporating Ar or Kr in the Al wiring film.",
"\nA sputtering target in a third invention consists essentially of at least one kind of element that forms an intermetallic compound with Al in the range of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, at least one kind of element selected from Ar and Kr by 5% by weight or less (not including 0% by weight), and the rest of Al.",
"\nAnother sputtering target in the third invention consists essentially of at least one kind of element selected from Y, Sc, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Th, Si, Sr, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Tc, Re, Cu and B in the range of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, at least one kind of element selected from Ar and Kr by 5% by weight or less (not including 0% by weight), and the rest of Al.",
"\nAn Al wiring film in the third invention consists essentially of at least one kind of element that forms an intermetallic compound with Al in the range of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, at least one kind of element selected from Ar and Kr by 5% by weight or less (not including 0% by weight), and the rest of Al. ",
"Further, the Al wiring film is characterized in that it is formed by use of the aforementioned sputtering target of the third invention. ",
"An electronic component in the third invention is characterized in that the electronic component comprises the aforementioned Al wiring film. ",
"As the concrete examples of the electronic components, liquid crystal display devices, semiconductor elements, surface acoustic wave devices or the like can be cited.",
"\nIn the third invention, to Al, together with an element that forms an intermetallic compound with Al such as Y, a slight amount of at least one kind of element selected from Ar and Kr is added. ",
"In the sputtering films obtained by use of such an Al target, there exist an intermetallic compound or an element that forms an intermetallic compound both poor in etching workability. ",
"However, Ar and Kr enhance their reactivity during etching. ",
"Further, Ar and Kr cause the intermetallic compound and the element themselves that forms an intermetallic compound that are poor in etching workability to finely and uniformly precipitate inside the grain of Al and at the grain boundary thereof.",
"\nThus, Ar and Kr enhance the etching property (reactivity) of the intermetallic compound and the element itself that forms an intermetallic compound, and by finely and uniformly precipitating these, remarkably improve the etching property of the sputtered film, further can suppress the dust particles from occurring during sputtering. ",
"The added Ar or Kr does not adversely affect on suppression of diffusion of Al. ",
"Accordingly, the added element that forms an intermetallic compound can effectively prevent the hillock from occurring. ",
"Accordingly, the Al wiring films excellent in hillock resistance and in properties of forming fine wiring networks can be formed with reproducibility."
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"Gerald Bull a été tué en 1990 avant de pouvoir faire l’essai en Irak du plus gros canon de l’histoire que les médias ont appelé le «Canon de l’apocalypse» conçu ici au Québec. ",
"Les énigmes entourant le personnage sont le sujet de ma série de balados qui commence mercredi sur QUB radio.",
"\n\nPrès de 30 ans après son assassinat à Bruxelles, les idées de Gerald Bull, l’homme du supercanon, le génie canadien de la balistique sont de nouveau dans l’actualité. ",
"On croyait l’idée de supercanon complètement dépassée par la technologie des missiles jusqu’à ce que, l’automne dernier, le Pentagone annonce qu’il relançait en accéléré le développement de canons géants. ",
"Un concept abandonné depuis des décennies sur lequel le Québécois Gerald Bull avait planché dans les années 70 pour les Américains.",
"\n\nMais pourquoi ce regain d’intérêt aujourd’hui? ",
"On a eu la solution à l’énigme fin janvier lorsque le Secretary of the Army des États-Unis, Mark Esper, a révélé que le Pentagone voulait pouvoir atteindre n’importe quelle cible en mer de Chine méridionale à partir du territoire d’alliés des États-Unis dans la région. ",
"Les stratèges américains estiment que des canons géants sur base fixe avec plus de 1000 kilomètres de portée sont la façon la plus pratique et économique de contester la prédominance de la Chine dans la région avec ses bases militaires sur plusieurs îles à souveraineté contestée. ",
"Pas besoin de maintenir en opération une force navale extrêmement onéreuse et vulnérable de porte-avions avec navires-escortes.",
"\n\nCapture d'écran TVA Nouvelles\n\nJe raconte dans ma nouvelle série de balados ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler l’Affaire Gerald Bull. ",
"Une ténébreuse histoire qui implique les services secrets d'une demi-douzaine de pays, des recherches militaires secrètes, des activités clandestines liées au transfert de technologie et au trafic d’armes. ",
"Bien des questions entourant l’homme demeurent encore aujourd’hui sans réponses. ",
"Je tente dans ces balados de démêler, dans la mesure du possible, la vérité du vraisemblable et du probable, et aussi, du carrément faux.",
"\n\nTrafiquant d'armes et de technologie militaire, Gerald Bull était aussi un génie visionnaire incompris dont la vie a été marquée par une série de revers. ",
"Presque chaque fois qu'il croyait toucher au but, des fonctionnaires, des politiciens ont supprimé des projets auxquels il consacrait son immense talent et son énergie. ",
"Ce n'est pas pour rien qu'il vouait une haine féroce aux «bureaucrates» qui lui avaient si souvent mis des bâtons dans les roues.",
"\n\nGerald Vincent Bull repose en paix dans le cimetière de Saint-Bruno près de Montréal où il a vécu. ",
"Tous ses anciens collaborateurs à Valcartier, à McGill, à Highwater, à Bruxelles parlent de lui comme un homme chaleureux et généreux, un scientifique exceptionnel tant pour l'ingéniosité de ses inventions que pour ses qualités humaines.",
"\n\nLes médias le présentaient à l’époque comme le «Docteur Folamour» canadien. ",
"Gerald Bull était en fait le contraire de l'image que donnait de lui la presse après sa condamnation en 1980 pour trafic d'armes au profit de l’Afrique du Sud, effectué, il faut le dire, à la demande de la CIA. ",
"C’est le FBI qui l’avait inculpé. ",
"Séquelle du Watergate, les deux organisations étaient alors à couteaux tirés. ",
"Gerald Bull n'a jamais pardonné aux États-Unis et au Canada d'avoir fait de lui le bouc émissaire de cette affaire autorisée au plus haut niveau.",
"\n\nC’est ici au Québec, à Highwater, en Estrie, que Gerald Bull a conçu et développé son projet de supercanon. ",
"Il a vendu l’idée à Saddam Hussein et ce sont des ingénieurs et techniciens venus de Montréal, qui ont commencé en Irak la mise en place du prototype. ",
"Les États-Unis et leurs alliés, dont le Canada, l’ont laissé faire et l’ont même aidé. ",
"L’Occident, dans les années 80, soutenait le dictateur de Bagdad dans la guerre qu’il avait initiée contre l’Iran.",
"\n\nIronie de l’histoire, les Américains ne seront pas les premiers à opérer des supercanons en mer de Chine. ",
"Il y a une vingtaine d’années, le Quotidien de l’Armée populaire de libération a publié un article de première page affirmant que ses canons à longue portée pouvaient atteindre Taïwan à partir des côtes chinoises. ",
"Son concept de supercanon, Bull l’avait déjà vendu aux Chinois dans les années 80!"
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"Container.getHtml() as shown above, it returns the HTML as a string. ",
"But I'm looking for a reference to the div element itself, so that I can get its width.",
"\nAny ideas how I can do that?",
"\nThanks.",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf I'm not mistaken\nc.element\n\nShould get you a reference to the wrapped element.",
"\n\n"
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"Many internal combustion type engines are well-known in the prior art. ",
"In general, a combustion type engine utilizes the energy from an expanding combustion gas to extract work therefrom. ",
"The rotary motion device described herein is believed to overcome disadvantages seen in the prior art and provide a new useful and nonobvious design. ",
"Of course, in the broader scope, various versions of the device can be utilized for the other purposes such as a pump or a compressor as described herein.",
"\nThe embodiments herein show various devices comprising internal rotary valves and a power ring. ",
"The rotary valves are inside a casing and rotate with the machine so friction is minimized which is problematic and common with some other devices. ",
"In one form, the combustion chamber is separate so that it is not an integral part of the rotary valve or housing configuration. ",
"In other words the combustion chamber can be located in different positions and can be different shapes with out hurting the function of the chamber. ",
"This arrangement is similar to Rudy Pekua's engine and possibly a few others. ",
"However, having a separate combustion chamber has the advantage of being a part that is separately engineered in terms of materials to minimize heat loss through the combustion chamber walls. ",
"The combustion chamber can be readily interchangeable to provide different compression ratios to accommodate the detonation properties of different fuels.",
"\nThe combustion chamber is controlled through porting system that allows for constant volume combustion and high volumetric flow efficiencies and reduces parts used to control the valving significantly.",
"\nIn some embodiments there are probably more pistons than rotary valves and most likely an odd number. ",
"This insures that the motor is running in a unsymmetrical and alternating fashion. ",
"An unsymmetrical orientation should smooth operation and average the torque output. ",
"For example as one piston is traveling through a valve another is a third through its power stroke and another is two thirds through its power stroke. ",
"With a motor embodiment this insures there are no dead torque spots.",
"\nThe rotary valves are not equally spaced in certain embodiments. ",
"This allows for a very efficient super expansion cycle that cannot be done by the competitors with equally spaced rotary valves. ",
"It can be done in a different manor seen in one of the patents where different sized rotors are stacked axially but it cannot be done in one unit as of now.",
"\nThe device further has a planetary gear arrangement with a sun gear that acts as the power output shaft that spins at a greater rotational velocity than the power ring. ",
"Basically the engine rotates higher than the power ring increasing the usability of the unit as a production engine.",
"\nPresent analysis indicates that the device described herein appears to be quite easy to machine compared to other prior art devices. ",
"As well it looks to have better wear characteristics than the perpendicular valved engines.",
"\nThe rolling seal between the rotary valve and the piston ring is preloaded more when higher pressures are present, this is done by small increases to the diameter of the power ring in certain locations or increasing the valve diameter in curtain locations.",
"\nFor engine embodiments there can be fewer pistons than rotary valves. ",
"This allows intake and exhaust stroke waiting periods. ",
"These waiting periods insure the intake receives a full charge of air and lets the combustion almost fully expand before a new charge is compressed in to the combustion chamber. ",
"For the exhaust the pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure before being forced out by a piston to reduce back torque."
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"Adriano Tilgher (politician)\n\nAdriano Tilgher (born 1 October 1947 in Taranto) is an Italian far right politician.",
"\n\nTilgher began his career as a member of the Italian Social Movement, although in his youth he was also associated with the extremist National Vanguard, and attempted to refound it in 1970. ",
"He was given a prison sentence for what was judged an attempt to refound the Fascist Party. ",
"In 1987 he founded the Lega Nazionalpopolare, later rebranded as Alternativa Nazional Popolare. ",
"Both movements proved short-lived and lacking in support.",
"\n\nAfter giving up on the idea of leading his own movement he joined radical Fiamma Tricolore (a splinter group of the newly constituted National Alliance) in 1996. ",
"He was, however, expelled from Fiamma Tricolore in 1997 for his criticism of the leadership of Pino Rauti and in September of that year he set up his own party, Fronte Nazionale, initially in imitation of the Front National, whose leader Jean-Marie Le Pen Tilgher invited to Rome during the elections of that year. ",
"The party changed its name to Fronte Sociale Nazionale and was part of Alessandra Mussolini's Alternativa Sociale coalition until that group dissolved after a poor showing in the 2006 general election. ",
"He subsequently formed an alliance with The Right in 2008.",
"\n\nTilgher has been associated with Stefano Delle Chiaie and 1994 co-authored a book with him entitled Un meccanismo diabolico: Stragi Servizi segreti Magistrati. ",
"The book dealt with what the authors claimed has been their victimisation by the Italian legal system.",
"\n\nExternal links\n Official site\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1947 births\nCategory:Italian neo-fascists\nCategory:Italian politicians\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:National Front (Italy, 1997) politicians\nCategory:The Right (Italy) politicians\nCategory:Tricolour Flame politicians"
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"Overview\n\nHow psoriasis develops\n\nHow psoriasis develops\n\nIn psoriasis, the life cycle of your skin cells greatly accelerates, leading to a buildup of dead cells on the surface of the epidermis.",
"\n\nPsoriasis is a common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. ",
"It causes cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin. ",
"The extra skin cells form scales and red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful.",
"\n\nPsoriasis is a chronic disease that often comes and goes. ",
"The main goal of treatment is to stop the skin cells from growing so quickly.",
"\n\nThere is no cure for psoriasis, but you can manage symptoms. ",
"Lifestyle measures, such as moisturizing, quitting smoking and managing stress, may help.",
"\n\nNail psoriasis\n\nNail psoriasis\n\nPustular psoriasis\n\nPustular psoriasis\n\nPustular psoriasis generally develops quickly, with pus-filled blisters appearing just hours after your skin becomes red and tender. ",
"It can occur in widespread patches or in smaller areas on your hands, feet or fingertips.",
"\n\nErythrodermic psoriasis\n\nErythrodermic psoriasis\n\nThe least common type of psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis can cover your entire body with a red, peeling rash that can itch or burn intensely.",
"\n\nPsoriasis signs and symptoms are different for everyone. ",
"Common signs and symptoms include:\n\nRed patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales\n\nSmall scaling spots (commonly seen in children)\n\nDry, cracked skin that may bleed\n\nItching, burning or soreness\n\nThickened, pitted or ridged nails\n\nSwollen and stiff joints\n\nPsoriasis patches can range from a few spots of dandruff-like scaling to major eruptions that cover large areas.",
"\n\nMost types of psoriasis go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a time or even going into complete remission.",
"\n\nThere are several types of psoriasis. ",
"These include:\n\nPlaque psoriasis. ",
"The most common form, plaque psoriasis causes dry, raised, red skin lesions (plaques) covered with silvery scales. ",
"The plaques might be itchy or painful and there may be few or many. ",
"They can occur anywhere on your body, including your genitals and the soft tissue inside your mouth.",
"\n\nGuttate psoriasis. ",
"This type primarily affects young adults and children. ",
"It's usually triggered by a bacterial infection such as strep throat. ",
"It's marked by small, water-drop-shaped, scaling lesions on your trunk, arms, legs and scalp.",
"\n\nThe lesions are covered by a fine scale and aren't as thick as typical plaques are. ",
"You may have a single outbreak that goes away on its own, or you may have repeated episodes.",
"\n\nInverse psoriasis. ",
"This mainly affects the skin in the armpits, in the groin, under the breasts and around the genitals. ",
"Inverse psoriasis causes smooth patches of red, inflamed skin that worsen with friction and sweating. ",
"Fungal infections may trigger this type of psoriasis.",
"\n\nPustular psoriasis. ",
"This uncommon form of psoriasis can occur in widespread patches (generalized pustular psoriasis) or in smaller areas on your hands, feet or fingertips.",
"\n\nIt generally develops quickly, with pus-filled blisters appearing just hours after your skin becomes red and tender. ",
"The blisters may come and go frequently. ",
"Generalized pustular psoriasis can also cause fever, chills, severe itching and diarrhea.",
"\n\nErythrodermic psoriasis. ",
"The least common type of psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis can cover your entire body with a red, peeling rash that can itch or burn intensely.",
"\n\nPsoriatic arthritis. ",
"In addition to inflamed, scaly skin, psoriatic arthritis causes swollen, painful joints that are typical of arthritis. ",
"Sometimes the joint symptoms are the first or only manifestation of psoriasis or at times only nail changes are seen. ",
"Symptoms range from mild to severe, and psoriatic arthritis can affect any joint. ",
"Although the disease usually isn't as crippling as other forms of arthritis, it can cause stiffness and progressive joint damage that in the most serious cases may lead to permanent deformity.",
"\n\nWhen to see a doctor\n\nIf you suspect that you may have psoriasis, see your doctor for an examination. ",
"Also, talk to your doctor if your psoriasis:\n\nCauses you discomfort and pain\n\nMakes performing routine tasks difficult\n\nCauses you concern about the appearance of your skin\n\nLeads to joint problems, such as pain, swelling or inability to perform daily tasks\n\nSeek medical advice if your signs and symptoms worsen or don't improve with treatment. ",
"You may need a different medication or a combination of treatments to manage the psoriasis.",
"\n\nCauses\n\nThe cause of psoriasis isn't fully understood, but it's thought to be related to an immune system problem with T cells and other white blood cells, called neutrophils, in your body.",
"\n\nT cells normally travel through the body to defend against foreign substances, such as viruses or bacteria.",
"\n\nBut if you have psoriasis, the T cells attack healthy skin cells by mistake, as if to heal a wound or to fight an infection.",
"\n\nOveractive T cells also trigger increased production of healthy skin cells, more T cells and other white blood cells, especially neutrophils. ",
"These travel into the skin causing redness and sometimes pus in pustular lesions. ",
"Dilated blood vessels in psoriasis-affected areas create warmth and redness in the skin lesions.",
"\n\nThe process becomes an ongoing cycle in which new skin cells move to the outermost layer of skin too quickly — in days rather than weeks. ",
"Skin cells build up in thick, scaly patches on the skin's surface, continuing until treatment stops the cycle.",
"\n\nJust what causes T cells to malfunction in people with psoriasis isn't entirely clear. ",
"Researchers believe both genetics and environmental factors play a role.",
"\n\nPsoriasis triggers\n\nPsoriasis typically starts or worsens because of a trigger that you may be able to identify and avoid. ",
"Factors that may trigger psoriasis include:\n\nInfections, such as strep throat or skin infections\n\nInjury to the skin, such as a cut or scrape, a bug bite, or a severe sunburn\n\nStress\n\nSmoking\n\nHeavy alcohol consumption\n\nVitamin D deficiency\n\nCertain medications — including lithium, which is prescribed for bipolar disorder, high blood pressure medications such as beta blockers, antimalarial drugs, and iodides\n\nRisk factors\n\nAnyone can develop psoriasis, but these factors can increase your risk of developing the disease:\n\nFamily history. ",
"This is one of the most significant risk factors. ",
"Having one parent with psoriasis increases your risk of getting the disease, and having two parents with psoriasis increases your risk even more.",
"\n\nViral and bacterial infections. ",
"People with HIV are more likely to develop psoriasis than people with healthy immune systems are. ",
"Children and young adults with recurring infections, particularly strep throat, also may be at increased risk.",
"\n\nObesity. ",
"Excess weight increases the risk of psoriasis. ",
"Lesions (plaques) associated with all types of psoriasis often develop in skin creases and folds.",
"\n\nSmoking. ",
"Smoking tobacco not only increases your risk of psoriasis but also may increase the severity of the disease. ",
"Smoking may also play a role in the initial development of the disease.",
"\n\nComplications\n\nIf you have psoriasis, you're at greater risk of developing certain diseases. ",
"These include:\n\nPsoriatic arthritis. ",
"This complication of psoriasis can cause joint damage and a loss of function in some joints, which can be debilitating.",
"\n\nEye conditions. ",
"Certain eye disorders — such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis and uveitis — are more common in people with psoriasis.",
"\n\nObesity. ",
"People with psoriasis, especially those with more severe disease, are more likely to be obese. ",
"It's not clear how these diseases are linked, however. ",
"The inflammation linked to obesity may play a role in the development of psoriasis. ",
"Or it may be that people with psoriasis are more likely to gain weight, possibly because they're less active because of their psoriasis.",
"\n\nType 2 diabetes. ",
"The risk of type 2 diabetes rises in people with psoriasis. ",
"The more severe the psoriasis, the greater the likelihood of type 2 diabetes.",
"\n\nHigh blood pressure. ",
"The odds of having high blood pressure are higher for people with psoriasis.",
"\n\nCardiovascular disease. ",
"For people with psoriasis, the risk of cardiovascular disease is twice as high as it is for those without the disease. ",
"Psoriasis and some treatments also increase the risk of irregular heartbeat, stroke, high cholesterol and atherosclerosis.",
"\n\nA single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. \"",
"Mayo,\" \"Mayo Clinic,\" \"MayoClinic.org,\" \"Mayo Clinic Healthy Living,\" and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research."
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"The dopamine system is an extremely important system for essential motor regulation, hormone secretion regulation, emotion regulation, and such in the mammalian brain. ",
"Thus, abnormalities in dopaminergic neural transmission cause various neural disorders. ",
"For example, Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the extrapyramidal system that occurs due to specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Vol. ",
"2, 23rd edition, Isselbacher et al., ",
"ed., ",
"McGraw-Hill Inc., NY (1994), pp. ",
"2275-7). ",
"As a primary therapeutic method for Parkinson's disease, oral administration of L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) is performed to compensate for the decrease in the amount of dopamine produced; however, the duration of the effect is known to be unsatisfactory.",
"\nMore recently, a therapeutic method for Parkinson's disease was attempted in which the midbrain ventral regions of 6 to 9-week old aborted fetuses containing dopaminergic neuron progenitor cells are transplanted to compensate for the loss of dopaminergic neurons (Patent Document 1; and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 6). ",
"However, in addition to cell supply and ethical issues (Rosenstain (1995) Exp. ",
"Neurol. ",
"33: 106; Turner et al. (",
"1993) Neurosurg. ",
"33: 1031-7), this method is currently under criticism for various other problems, including risk of infection and contamination, immunological rejection of transplants (Lopez-Lozano et al. (",
"1997) Transp. ",
"Proc. ",
"29: 977-980; Widner and Brudin (1988) Brain Res. ",
"Rev. 13: 287-324), and low survival rates due to the primary dependence of fetal tissues on lipid metabolism rather than glycolysis (Rosenstein (1995) Exp. ",
"Neurol. ",
"33: 106).",
"\nIn order to resolve the ethical issues and shortage of supply, methods have been proposed that use, for example, porcine cortex, stria, and midbrain cells (for example, see Patent Documents 2 to 4). ",
"In these methods, a complex procedure that involves altering cell surface antigens (MHC class I antigens) is required to suppress rejection. ",
"A method involving local immunosuppression by simultaneously transplanting Sertoli's cells has been proposed as a method for eliminating transplant rejection (Patent Documents 5 and 6; and Non-Patent Document 7). ",
"It is possible to obtain transplant cells from relatives that have matching MHCs, bone marrow from other individuals, bone marrow banks, or umbilical cord-blood banks. ",
"However, if it were possible to use the patient's own cells, the problem of rejection reactions could be overcome without any laborious procedures or trouble.",
"\nTherefore, as transplant materials, the use of dopaminergic neurons differentiated in vitro from non-neural cells such as embryonic stem (ES) cells and bone marrow interstitial cells, instead of cells from aborted fetuses, is considered to be promising. ",
"In fact, functional dopaminergic neurons were reported to have been formed by transplanting ES cells to lesion stria of a rat Parkinson's disease model (Non-Patent Document 8). ",
"It is believed that the importance of regenerative therapy from ES cells or the patient's own nerve stem cells will increase in the future.",
"\nIn treating damaged nerve tissue, it is necessary to reconstruct brain function, and in order to form a suitable link with surrounding cells (network formation), it is necessary to transplant immature cells, cells capable of differentiating into neurons in vivo. ",
"In the transplanting of neuron progenitor cells, in addition to the aforementioned problem regarding supply, there is also the possibility that the progenitor cells will differentiate into groups of heterogeneous cells. ",
"For example, in treating Parkinson's disease, it is necessary to selectively transplant the catecholamine-containing neurons that produce dopamine. ",
"Examples of transplant cells that have previously been proposed for use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease include striatum (Non-Patent Documents 3 and 9), immortalized cell lines derived from human fetal neurons (Patent Documents 7 to 9), human postmitotic neurons derived from NT2Z cells (Patent Document 10), primordial neuron cells (Patent Document 11), cells and bone marrow stroma cells transfected with exogenous genes so as to produce catecholamines such as dopamines (Patent Documents 12 and 13), and genetically engineered ES cells (Non-Patent Document 8). ",
"Additionally, the use of dopaminergic neurons formed by contacting nerve progenitor cells derived from fetal midbrain tissue with FGF-8 and Shh (Patent Document 14), and of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing cells obtained by treating NT2 nerve cells with retinoic acid (Patent Document 15) has been proposed. ",
"However, none of these contain only dopaminergic neurons or cells that differentiate into dopaminergic cells.",
"\nA method has been proposed for selectively concentrating and isolating dopaminergic neurons from undifferentiated cell populations. ",
"In this method, a reporter gene that expresses a fluorescent protein is introduced into each cell of a cell population, under the control of a gene promoter/enhancer such as the tyrosine hydroxylase expressed in dopaminergic neurons (hereinbelow, also referred to as “TH”), and then cells emitting fluorescence are isolated. ",
"The dopaminergic neurons are visualized in their viable state, then concentrated, isolated, and identified (Patent Document 16). ",
"This method requires the complicated step of introducing an exogenous gene, and further, the presence of a reporter gene poses problems of toxicity and immunogenicity when used in conjunction with gene therapy. ",
" [Patent Document 1] U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,690,927 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Kohyo Publication No. (",
"JP-A) H10-508487 (unexamined Japanese national phase publication corresponding to a non-Japanese international publication) [Patent Document 3] JP-A H10-508488 [Patent Document 4] JP-A H10-509034 [Patent Document 5] JP-A H11-509170 [Patent Document 6] JP-A H11-501818 [Patent Document 7] JP-A H8-509215 [Patent Document 8] JP-A H11-506930 [Patent Document 9] JP-A 2002-522070 [Patent Document 10] JP-A H9-5050554 [Patent Document 11] JP-A H11-509729 [Patent Document 12] JP-A 2002-504503 [Patent Document 13] JP-A 2002-513545 [Patent Document 14] U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"6,277,820 [Patent Document 15] International Publication WO 00/06700 [Patent Document 16] Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. (",
"JP-A) 2002-51775 (unexamined, published Japanese patent application) [Non-Patent Document 1] Spencer et al. (",
"1992) N. Engl. ",
"J. Med. ",
"327: 1541-8 [Non-Patent Document 2] Freed et al. (",
"1992) N. Engl. ",
"J. Med. ",
"327: 1549-55 [Non-Patent Document 3] Widner et al. (",
"1992) N. Engl. ",
"J. Med. ",
"327: 1556-63 [Non-Patent Document 4] Kordower et al. (",
"1995) N. Engl. ",
"J. Med. ",
"332: 1118-24 [Non-Patent Document 5] Defer et al. (",
"1996) Brain 119: 41-50 [Non-Patent Document 6] Lopez-Lozano et al. (",
"1997) Transp. ",
"Proc. ",
"29: 977-80 [Non-Patent Document 7] Selawry and Cameron (1993) Cell Transplant 2: 123-9 [Non-Patent Document 8] Kim et al. (",
"2002) Nature 418: 50-56 [Non-Patent Document 9] Lindvall et al. (",
"1989) Arch. ",
"Neurol. ",
"46: 615-31"
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"Just thought I'd revive this thread to mourn the *hopefully* temporary loss of Dr. Drew. ",
"Next Thursday will the finale of Celebrity Rehab! *",
"sigh*... I really do hope they do another season... Actually, I think they should put Celebirty Fit Club together with Celebrity Rehab. ",
"It'd be fat celebrities with drug addictions.. Throw in a Dr. Drew, and BAM!.. ",
"Quality entertainment."
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"PEC 5th Class Result 2018\n\n5th Class Result 2018\n\n5th Class Result 2018\n\nNote: PEC 5th Class Result 2018 will declared on 31 March. ",
"So keep visiting out page to check the result online.",
"\n\nEvery year Punjab Examination Commission conducts 5th & 8th Class exams in Punjab province and unlimited students appear in the board exams of these classes.",
"\n\nAre you worried about your result? ",
"Wanted to know that when the PEC 5th Class Result 2018 would be declared? ",
"We all know that the 5th Class Exams 2018 were conducted in the first week of February and all students are expecting for the result. ",
"As said by Punjab Examination Commission (PEC) at official website, PEC 5th Class Result 2018 would be declared on 31 March.",
"\n\nThere is no need to be optimistic? ",
"Keep yourself positive because it will lower down your stress level before and on the result day. ",
"Keep in touch with us during the paper preparation and the result announcement day. ",
"Although, we will not only provide you free past papers, but also provides you tips for best performance in the exams.",
"\n\nWe will not only take care of the 5th & 8th Class exams results, but others also like 10th, FSC, ICOM, ICS, Pre-medical and pre engineering. ",
"For PEC 5th Class Result 2018, the exams have been held on in the first week of February 2018 and results would be declared for the preliminary exam on 31 March. ",
"You don’t need to eagerly waiting for the announcement of PEC 8th Class Result 2018 because it will be declared on 31 March.",
"\n\nIf you are one of those students, who have faced challenges in trying to access their result, then you don’t need to worry because 5th Class Result 2018 will be available on the official website of BeEducated. ",
"At times, the heavy web-traffic on official website slows down the processing speed. ",
"In this situation you just need to write beeducatedpk and send it to the 40404.",
"\n\nAs the result will be announced, we will inform it to you without any delay. ",
"We will provide free Punjab 5th class Board Result Updates to the all students this year. ",
"Our result alerts will stay you away from rumors.",
"\n\nAfter taking the 5th class examination in the different boards of Punjab, students are waiting for their results with worried thoughts. ",
"PEC 5th Class Result 2018 has been announced to be made available on 31st March, 2018. ",
"As soon the results are out students can then worry about which path to follow for further studies.",
"\n\nEvery public and/or private student can easily find the result online. ",
"5 class result 2018 will be updated at 10:00 AM in the morning of Saturday 31st March on BeEducated.pk. ",
"Gazettes will also be made available in all the districts of Punjab. ",
"Private students get their 5th class annual result delivered to their homes, while Public students can go get their result from their respective schools in which they were enrolled.",
"\n\nPEC (Punjab Education Commission) a, completely autonomous, government body which is responsible of overseeing the organization, conduction and control of all the yearly exams of class 5th and 8th. ",
"It’s also responsible for declaring the 5th class final result. ",
"There are at most 37 districts under the supervision of PEC. ",
"The results will be announced simultaneously in all cities for grade 5 and 8.",
"\n\nFifth Class Result 2018\n\nBeEducated.",
"PK provides results of all classes like annual result of 5th class, 8th class Result 2018, 9th Class Result 2018, 10th Class Result 2018, also 11th Class Result 2018 & 12th class Result 2018. ",
"This year we will also provide you with your PEC 5th class result 2018. ",
"One can search through their Roll Number on our result page to know the annual 5th class result. ",
"The results of all districts like Lahore, Layyah , Lodraih, Mandibahauddin, Mainwali, Multan, Muzzafargarah, Narowal, Nankana Sahib, Okara, Pakpattan, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, Rawalpindi, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Toba Tek Singh also Attock, Bahawalnagar, Bhakkar Chakwal, Chiniot, Dera Ghazi Khan, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Gujarat, Hafizabad, Jhung , Jhelum, Kasur, Khanewal, Khushab are announced on the same day.",
"\n\nWe would like to wish the Best of Luck for your fifth class annual result!",
"\nOur site has been performing our task of helping students and other people related to the educational field. ",
"So we have to update you with your 5th class annual result announced by the PEC.",
"\n\nBISE Lahore Board 5th Class Result 2018\n\nThe student of 5th class in Lahore who appeared for their exams in February are waiting for BISE Lahore Board 5th Class Result 2018. ",
"It has been announced that the result will be made public on 31st March, 2018 around 10:00 AM in the morning. ",
"As soon as the 5th class Lahore Board Result 2018 will be made available by the PEC, we will upload it on our site as well. ",
"So keep on visiting BeEducated.",
"PK for further updates and news on 5th class result 2018 Lahore Board. ",
"You can search by your Roll Number on our site to know your class 5th result. ",
"We hope and wish all of the students in Lahore to get their desired results in their 5th class examinations.",
"\n\nBISE Gujranwala Board 5th Class Result 2018\n\nPEC will be declaring BISE Gujranwala Board 5th Class Result 2018 on 31st March 2018. ",
"The exams which were conducted in the supervision of PEC in the period of February earlier this year the results will soon be revealed to the students of 5th class Gujranwala Board. ",
"The students want to know their results as soon as possible so our website will update the BISE Gujranwala Board 5 Class Result 2018 as soon it is announced by the PEC. ",
"Keep on visiting our site to know more about annual 5th Class Result 2018 Gujranwala Board. ",
"Anyone can check the result online with the help of their Roll Number given to the student by PEC. ",
"We wish you all the best of Luck!",
"\n\nBISE Faisalabad Board 5th Class Result 2018\n\nBISE Faisalabad conducts the 5th class examinations under the authority of the PEC. ",
"So BISE Faisalabad Board 5th Class Result 2018will be announced on 31st of March. ",
"The Faisalabad Board takes examination annually in February and early March then declare 5 Class Result in last week of March. ",
"Students of Faisalabad Board are waiting for their annual 5th class result of Faisalabad Board.",
"\nAnyone can easily check the results available online, on our site BeEducated.",
"PK, by entering in a student’s Roll Number of 5th class exams. ",
"Our team wishes for all 5th class students to pass their exams with good marks.",
"\n\nBISE Rawalpindi Board 5th Class Result 2018\n\nBISE Rawalpindi Board 5th Class Result 2018 are said to be declared by PEC on 31st of March, which is very soon for all the worried 5th class students of Rawalpindi Board. ",
"To know the result as soon as it is declared keep visiting our site BeEducated.",
"PK, because we will upload the 5 Class Result 2018 Rawalpindi Board for the students. ",
"It is very easy to check your result, just enter your Roll Number on this site’s Result section once the Rawalpindi Board 5th Class Result 2018 is declared. ",
"We wish you all the success in the fifth class examination results 2018 of Rawalpindi Board.",
"\n\nBISE Bahawalpur Board 5th Class Result 2018\n\n5th class examination that took place in February this year, their BISE Bahawalpur Board 5th Class Result 2018will be declared very soon. ",
"The PEC has confirmed that the 5th Class Result 2018 of Bahawalpur Board is to be announced on 31st March, 2018. ",
"BeEducated.",
"PK will keep you updated so visit our site every time you come online and we will also upload the result of 5th Class Bahawalpur Board as soon it is declared by the PEC. ",
"You can find out your Fifth Class Result 2018 of Bahawalpur Board by typing your Roll Number on our site’s 5th Class Result page and pressing search, it is easy isn’t it? ",
"We wish you the very best of luck for your annual 5th Class Result 2018 Bahawalpur Board.",
"\n\nBISE DG Khan Board 5th Class Result 2018\n\nStudents appeared for 5th class exams in Dera Ghazi Khan and now BISE DG Khan Board 5th Class Result 2018is soon to be announced by the Punjab Education Commission. ",
"The result will be declared on 31st March, 2018 by PEC. ",
"Students are worrying about the 5 Class Result 2018 DG Khan Board which they will soon find out. ",
"To look for your result visit our site on the day fifth class results 2018 of DG Khan Board are declared, because we will update 5 class results 2018 for DG Khan Board on this site. ",
"You can find out your result by giving your Roll Number and then searching for your result here on our site. ",
"We wish you good luck with your DG Khan Board Class 5 Result 2018.",
"\n\nBISE Sahiwal Board 5th Class Result 2018\n\nLike anywhere else in Punjab, BISE Sahiwal Board 5th Class Result 2018will be declared on 31st March, 2018. ",
"Every student of class 5 is scared about their result and soon it will be here. ",
"To search for your 5th Class Result 2018 of Sahiwal Board keep on visiting our site because we will update results as soon as they are revealed by PEC. ",
"You can search for your result on BeEducated.",
"PK by entering your Roll Number and our site will give you your annual 5 class result 2018 of Sahiwal Board. ",
"It’s very easy to find your five class result 2018 on this site."
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"A thixatropic gelatin carrier composition which is used as a vehicle in the manufacture of soft or hard gelatin capsule. ",
"The composition comprises from about 84% to 95% of a vegetable oil, from about 1% to 9% of a viscosity modifier and from about 1% to 15% of a surface active agent. ",
"When the carrier...http://www.google.com/patents/US6365181?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6365181 - Thixatropic gelatin carrier composition\n\nA thixatropic gelatin carrier composition which is used as a vehicle in the manufacture of soft or hard gelatin capsule. ",
"The composition comprises from about 84% to 95% of a vegetable oil, from about 1% to 9% of a viscosity modifier and from about 1% to 15% of a surface active agent. ",
"When the carrier composition is stirred it becomes fluid and active solids are dispersed in the carrier during stirring. ",
"When the stirring is stopped, the carrier becomes a semi-solid and maintains the active solids in a stable uniform dispersion. ",
"Up to about 50% by weight of active solids can be dispersed in the carrier composition and the active solids can include vitamins, pharmaceuticals or nutriceuticals or combinations thereof.",
"\n\nImages(5)\n\nClaims(14)\n\nWhat is claimed is:\n\n1. ",
"A carrier composition for use as a vehicle in the manufacture of soft or hard gelatin capsules comprising from about 84% to about 95% vegetable oil, from about 1% to about 9% of a viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of glyceryl palmito stearate and glyceryl behenate and from about 1% to about 15% of a surface active agent wherein the carrier composition is a semi-solid which becomes fluid when stirred.",
"\n\n2. ",
"The composition of claim 1 wherein the vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil.",
"\n\n3. ",
"The composition of claim 2 wherein the surface active agent is polyglyceryloleate.",
"\n\n4. ",
"A method of making a carrier composition for use as a vehicle in the manufacture of soft or hard gelatin capsules comprising heating from about 84 to 95 parts by weight of vegetable oil to a temperature from about 25° C. to about 30° C., admixing from about 1 to about 15 parts by weight of a surface active agent to make a vegetable oil/surface active agent mixture, melting a viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of glyceryl palmito stearate and glyceryl behenate and heating the melted viscosity modifier to a temperature up to about 5° C. above its melting point followed by admixing from about 1 to about 9 parts by weight of the viscosity modifier with the vegetable oil/surface active agent mixture such that the total parts by weight is 100 parts of a product mixture, homogenizing the product mixture and cooling to about 25° C. wherein the carrier composition is a semi-solid which becomes fluid when stirred.",
"\n\n5. ",
"The method of claim 4 comprising the further step of deaeration following homogenizing.",
"\n\n6. ",
"The method of claim 4 wherein the vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil.",
"\n\n7. ",
"The method of claim 6 wherein the surface active agent is polyglyceryloleate.",
"\n\n8. ",
"A composition comprising a semi-solid carrier in which 100% of the carrier comprises from about 84% to about 95% vegetable oil, from about 1% to about 9% of a viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of glyceryl palmito stearate and glyceryl behenate and from about 1% to about 15% of a surface active agent and active agent admixed with the carrier at loading of up to about 50% of active agent by total weight of the carrier composition/active agent admixture.",
"\n\n9. ",
"The composition of claim 8 wherein the active agent is selected from the group consisting of vitamins, pharmaceuticals and nutriceuticals.",
"\n\n10. ",
"A method of making a composition having a semi-solid carrier in which 100% of the carrier comprises from about 84% to about 95% vegetable oil, from about 1% to about 9% of a viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of glyceryl palmito stearate and glyceryl behenate and from about 1% to about 15% of a surface active agent and an active agent comprising admixing without heating the active agent with the carrier at loadings of up to about 50% of active agent by total weight of the carrier composition/active agent admixture.",
"\n\n11. ",
"A hard or soft gelatin capsule having incorporated therein a composition of claim 8.",
"\n\n12. ",
"A method of making a hard or soft gelatin capsule comprising filling the hard or soft gelatin capsule with a composition having a semi-solid carrier in which 100% of the carrier comprises from about 84% to about 95% vegetable oil, from about 1% to about 9% of a viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of glyceryl palmito stearate and glyceryl behenate and from about 1% to about 15% of a surface active agent and active agent admixed with the carrier at loadings of up to about 50% of active agent by total weight of the carrier composition/active agent admixture.",
"\n\n13. ",
"The method of claim 12 wherein the composition is heated to from about 25° C. to about 35° C. prior to filling the hard or soft gelatin capsule.",
"\n\n14. ",
"The method of claim 10 wherein the carrier and the active agent are admixed with heating at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 35° C.\n\nDescription\n\nBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION\n\n1. ",
"Field of the Invention\n\nThe invention has to do with carrier compositions which are used as vehicles in the manufacture of soft or hard gelatin capsules. ",
"More specifically, the invention relates to a gelatin carrier composition having thixatropic properties and substantial capacity to suspend active materials in a uniform dispersion.",
"\n\n2. ",
"The Related Art\n\nGelatin capsule products which are used for oral or suppository delivery of active agents are prepared by filling a hard or soft gelatin capsule with a carrier composition having the active agent incorporated therein. ",
"Prior art carrier compositions are either liquid at ambient temperature or they become liquid with heating and they are poured into the hard or soft capsules as a liquid. ",
"When the carrier compositions are liquid at ambient temperature, the active agents incorporated therein must be dissolved, they cannot be added at high loadings and it is difficult to maintain them in a uniform distribution within the capsule. ",
"Carrier compositions that are solid at ambient temperature require heating before they can be poured into the capsules and the heat can damage the capsule walls, reduce the activity of the active ingredient or damage other heat sensitive ingredients.",
"\n\nOil based drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs are described in U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,645,856. ",
"The systems comprise a digestible oil and surfactant for dispensing the oil in vivo upon administration of the carrier system. ",
"The surfactant has hydrophilic and lipophilic components and the general composition of the system can be from 10-90% digestible oil, 10-60% hydrophilic surfactant and 5-60% lipophilic surfactant.",
"\n\nIn U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,738,871, a hard gelatin capsule system is described for the delivery of fat soluble nutrients such as a fat-soluble vitamin (A, D, E or K) or an unsaturated fatty acid glyceride. ",
"Natural oils which are a mixture of fat soluble nutrients may be used in combination with a non-ionic surfactant, a gelatin softening agent and, optionally, water. ",
"The surfactant is present in an amount from 30% to 99% based on the total weight of the formulation used for filling the capsules.",
"\n\nSoft gelatin capsules are described in U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,701,327 as made by forming capsule shells with an ordinary grade gelatin dissolved in water and adjusted to pH 3.7 to 5.7 by the addition of pharmacologically acceptable acids.",
"\n\nThe improvement of the present invention is the discovery of a vegetable oil based carrier composition which has thixatropic properties. ",
"Active agents are easily admixed with the carrier composition by stirring and high loadings of the active agents can be used to make a stable uniform dispersion within the carrier composition because the composition becomes semi-solid when stirring is stopped.",
"\n\nAdvantages of the present invention include use of reduced labor to manufacture the carrier composition. ",
"The composition of the invention prevents separation of solid ingredients from the carrier prior to and after encapsulation and improves the stability of heat sensitive materials by eliminating or reducing the application of heat during processing. ",
"Lecithin and similar materials which retard the sealing of gelatin surfaces are not ingredients of the carrier composition of the invention and sealing problems are accordingly avoided.",
"\n\nThe carrier composition of the present invention also permits digestive fluids to separate the active agents more rapidly from the carrier, thereby increasing the absorption of the active agents.",
"\n\nAll of the ingredients used to make the carrier composition of the invention are food grade or pharmaceutically acceptable.",
"\n\nAll percentages set forth herein are by weight/weight and all parts are by weight.",
"\n\nSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION\n\nThe carrier composition of the invention is a thixatropic carrier gel comprising a homogeneous dispersion of viscosity modifiers and surface active agents in vegetable oil. ",
"When the carrier composition is agitated, such as by slow stirring, it becomes fluid and when the agitation is stopped, it becomes a highly viscous semi-solid. ",
"Active agents are dispersed in the carrier composition during stirring and the material is then encapsulated. ",
"Because the carrier composition becomes a semi-solid when agitation ceases, the active solids are maintained in a stable uniform dispersion within the carrier.",
"\n\nThe components of the carrier composition include from about 84% to 95% of a vegetable oil, from about 1% to 9% of a viscosity modifier and from about 1% to 15% of a surface active agent such that the total amounts to 100%.",
"\n\nActive agents which can be suspended in the carrier composition of the invention are generally in the form of fine powders and they include vitamins, pharmaceuticals, nutriceuticals and the like. ",
"These active agents are admixed with the carrier composition at loadings of up to about 50% incorporated solids based on the total weight of the carrier composition and the admixture is then filled into either hard or soft gelatin capsules.",
"\n\nThe carrier composition is manufactured by admixing the ingredients. ",
"In the preferred embodiment, a dispersion of the carrier composition is manufactured by heating the vegetable oil to a temperature of from about 25° to 35° C., adding the surface active agent with agitation until uniformly distributed, heating the viscosity modifier to its melting point temperature plus up to about 5° C. and then adding it slowly to the vegetable oil/surface active agent mixture with agitation, homogenizing the product and cooling to ambient temperature of about 23° to 28° C. A deaeration step may be employed following homogenization and before cooling to improve uniformity of the carrier composition product. ",
"The product then is ready for use as a carrier composition.",
"\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS\n\nSuitable vegetable oils for use according to the invention include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil. ",
"The oils can be used individually or in blends and a preferred oil composition is soybean oil.",
"\n\nThe viscosity modifier is food grade or pharmaceutically acceptable and preferably is selected from the group consisting of glyceryl palmito stearate and glyceryl behenate and equivalent compositions as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. ",
"Commercially available viscosity modifiers which are suitable for use according to the invention are COMPRITOL 888 ATO and PRECIROL ATO-5 available from Gattefossé Corp., 372 Kinderkamack Road, Westwood, N.J. 07675 USA.",
"\n\nThe surface active agent is food grade or pharmaceutically acceptable and preferably is polyglyceryloleate and equivalent compositions as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. ",
"A commercially available surface active agent which is suitable for use according to the invention is PLUROL OLEIQUE C C 497 also available from Gattefossé.",
"\n\nThe carrier composition of the invention is made by heating the vegetable oil to a temperature from about 25° C. to about 35° C. followed by admixing the surface active agent therein to make a vegetable oil/surface active agent mixture. ",
"The viscosity modifier is melted and heated to a sufficient temperature to assure complete phase change, preferably up to about 5° C. above its melting point, and then it is admixed with the vegetable oil/surface active agent mixture to make a product mixture. ",
"The product mixture is then homogenized using conventional equipment such as high shear rotational equipment or high pressure discharge equipment and then it is cooled to ambient temperature of about 23° to 28° C. to provide the carrier composition of the invention at ambient temperature. ",
"As an option, the product mixture can be deaerated following homogenizing but before cooling. ",
"Deaeration can be achieved by using vacuum in a vessel or a moving disc apparatus.",
"\n\nThe carrier composition is an amber colored translucent semi-solid which becomes fluid when it is gently mixed. ",
"Active agents in powdered form can be admixed with the carrier composition at loadings of up to about 50% of active agent by total weight of the carrier composition/active agent mixture. ",
"There is no need to heat the carrier composition in order to incorporate the active agent. ",
"Stirring the carrier composition without heating makes it sufficiently fluid to incorporate the active agent and this is the preferred method of the invention. ",
"As an option, however, the carrier composition can be heated from about 25° C. to about 35° C. prior to admixing an active agent therein. ",
"The carrier composition/active agent mixture is filled into a hard or soft gelatin capsule for oral ingestion or use as a suppository. ",
"As an option, the mixture can be slightly heated to from about 25° C. to about 35° C. before it is filled into capsules.",
"\n\nEXAMPLES\n\nThe following examples are provided to illustrate embodiments of the invention without limiting the scope thereof.",
"\n\nExample 1\n\nIn a jacketed kettle, 3.000 kilograms of PRECIROL ATO-5 glyceryl palmitostearate was heated at 60° C. until it was fully melted. ",
"Ninety-two (92.000) kilograms of a blend of soybean and rape seed oil was admixed, in a vessel fitted with a mixer, with 5.000 kilograms of PLUROL OLEIQUE C C 497 polyglyceryl oleate until thoroughly incorporated. ",
"Mixing was then continued while the melted glyceryl palmitostearate was added at a constant rate until it was fully dispersed. ",
"The resulting mixture was then passed through a high shear rotational homogenizer to produce a uniform liquid which then was deaerated in a rotating disc deaerator. ",
"The product was poured into containers, hermetically sealed therein and allowed to cool to ambient temperature.",
"\n\nExample 2\n\nThe product of Example 1 was used to make a Vitamin B complex for filling into capsules.",
"\n\n1.15 kilograms (“kg.”) ",
"of powdered Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and 2.3 kg. ",
"of powdered Piridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6) were passed through a #80 US Testing Screen. ",
"The product of Example 1 in an amount of 96.55 kg. ",
"was added to a vessel fitted with a mixer and mixed until it was completely liquefied. ",
"With continued mixing, the screened powder was slowly added until it was uniformly dispersed therein as a suspension. ",
"The completed suspension was deaerated in a vacuum vessel and then stored in a sealed container followed by filling into oblong shaped clear capsules.",
"\n\nExample 3\n\nAccelerated stability testing was conducted on capsules made according to Example 2 and on capsules made with the same amounts of Vitamins B2 and B6 wherein an oil/beeswax base was used as the carrier instead of the composition of Example 1. ",
"The capsules were filled into 180 cc white high density polyethylene bottles and stored at 40° C. and 75% relative humidity. ",
"However, the testing illustrated that the stability of the vitamins was about the same using the carrier compositions of the invention and the prior art beeswax based compositions. ",
"But the dissolution of the vitamins in the carrier composition of the invention was substantially higher (generally about 10 times higher) than the dissolution in the prior art beeswax composition. ",
"The results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 below. ",
"In the Tables, the term “NLT” means not less than, the term “RSD” means relative standard deviation and the term “Standard” means comparison with a standard capsule of that physical size and shape."
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[
"Dementia’s Devilish Nutella Mug Cake Recipe\n\nI’ve recently been playing around with mug cake recipes. ",
"Most of them aren’t very good but the one I did this afternoon was to my satisfaction so I’m sharing the recipe with you. ",
"It’s a modification of the one made by The Novice Housewife."
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to tell which Facebook Page my Page Tab App is installed on\n\nPossible Duplicate:\nHow can I find out what Page has installed my Facebook Canvas App? ",
"\n\nI have a facebook app and I have installed this app to a page tab through the graph api. ",
"It worked fine so far.",
"\nOnce this app may be installed to a lot of pages, what do I need is, within my app, to be able to get the ID of the page whom is holding the app.",
"\nIs it possible?",
"\n\nA:\n\nit is passed as a part of a signed_request to your app, it is called \"page\": \n\nA JSON object containing the page id string, the liked boolean if the\n user has liked the page, the admin boolean if the user is an admin.",
"\n Only available if your app is an iframe loaded in a Page tab.",
"\n\nhttps://developers.facebook.com/docs/authentication/signed_request/\n\n"
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"Bolitaeninae\n\nThe Bolitaeninae are a subfamily, in the family Amphitretidae, of small, common pelagic octopuses found in all tropical and temperate oceans of the world. ",
"The taxonomy of this taxon is not entirely certain; recent research suggests just two genera exist, Bolitaena and Japetella, both of which are thought to be monotypic by some authorities and under this view, the family would represent two very similar species: Bolitaena pygmaea and Japetella diaphana. ",
"However, currently a second species of Bolitaena, B. massyae is also recognised.",
"\n\nPhysical description \nBolitaenins are characterised by their small size—up to 8.5 cm or 3.3 in mantle length and 12 cm total length in Japetella species—and their comparatively short arms, much shorter than their dome-shaped mantles. ",
"The arms have a single series of suckers; in males, these suckers are greatly enlarged on the third right arm. ",
"In Bolitaena (but not Japetella) this arm is also modified into a hectocotylus, an appendage used to facilitate transfer of spermatophores during mating.",
"\n\nThe eyes of both species are laterally compressed; they are distinctly smaller and set farther apart from the brain on longer optic stalks in Bolitaena than in Japetella—this feature may be the only way to differentiate the two genera when examining subadults. ",
"Mature males are rarely encountered. ",
"Their translucent, gelatinous bodies are fragile and easily damaged during collection.",
"\n\nPerhaps the most striking feature of the family is seen in mature females; upon maturity a ring-shaped photophore—a light-producing organ—develops to encircle the mouth. ",
"This is believed to be an adaptation to life in gloomy, deep ocean waters; the bioluminescent ring may help males and females to find each other.",
"\n\nHabitat \n\nMature bolitaenins occupy depths in the meso- to bathypelagic zones of the water column, down to about 1,425 m. Younger animals (under 20 mm mantle length) are known to remain in shallower waters, either from 170–270 m or 500–800 m depending on size. ",
"Japetella is known to venture into far northern waters.",
"\n\nReproduction \n\nMating is thought to occur at or below 1,000 m deep. ",
"In the darkness, whether mating is successful or not may depend on the female; she can choose whether to signal the male with her circumoral photophore. ",
"The light emitted by the photophore is believed to be of a specific wavelength, possibly both preventing miscommunication and the attraction of predators.",
"\n\nAfter mating, the female then rises to about 800 m to brood. ",
"Her eggs are interconnected by a number of stalks; the whole mass is held safely by means of suckers near her mouth. ",
"Due to the cold (4–5 °C) environment, brooding likely takes several months; the female is thought to forgo food during this entire period. ",
"After hatching, the young octopuses rise to the productive, upper 300 m of the water column where they remain until reaching a certain size (7–20 mm). ",
"As they mature, the young begin their gradual descent to the mesopelagic and eventually bathypelagic zones.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nTree of Life Web: Bolitaenidae\n\nCategory:Octopuses\nCategory:Bioluminescent molluscs\nCategory:Cephalopod families\nCategory:Taxa named by Carl Chun"
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"Q:\n\nASP.NET Web API with Linq2Couchbase dependancy injection\n\nI'm new to ASP.NET Web API projects and also new to Couchbase. ",
"I'm trying to follow the instructions here: https://github.com/couchbaselabs/Linq2Couchbase/blob/master/docs/bucket-context.md\nUsing a blank project and the code provided, I get the error: \"No parameterless constructor defined for this object\". ",
"I know that I need to \"inject\" the BucketContext in some way, but I don't know where to put that, any ideas?",
"\n\nA:\n\nPerhaps following this tutorial will help you understand the Couchbase SDK in a bit more detail and let you understand the initialisation \"challenge\" you have.",
"\nhttp://blog.couchbase.com/2015/november/couchbase-dotnet-client-sdk-tutorial\nIn short, Couchbase Cluster is a \"heavy\" object and it's recommended to keep the object for the lifetime of the app. ",
"In WEB API that means that init should be done on app start. ",
"Depending on what version of ASP.NET you are using (ASP.NET 4.5 or ASP.NET vNEXT) init is done/recommended to be done different places. ",
"\nASP.NET 4.5 = global.asax\nvNEXT = APP_START folder (look for other initialisations)\nThe above project/tutorial will explain step by step how to do the init. ",
"\nWhen init is in place, linq2couchbase should work :)\nPlease let me know if this helped.",
"\n\n"
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[
"// Copyright 2015 Reborndb Org. ",
"All Rights Reserved.",
"\n// Licensed under the MIT (MIT-LICENSE.txt) license.",
"\n\npackage router\n\nimport (\n\t\"strings\"\n\n\t\"github.com/reborndb/qdb/pkg/store\"\n\t. \"",
"gopkg.in/check.v1\"\n)\n\nfunc (s *testProxyRouterSuite) TestMgetResults(c *C) {\n\tmoper := newMultiOperator(s.s.addr, storeAuth)\n\n\tvar err error\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Set(0, store.",
"FormatBytes(\"a\", \"a\"))\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Set(0, store.",
"FormatBytes(\"b\", \"b\"))\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Set(0, store.",
"FormatBytes(\"c\", \"c\"))\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\n\tbuf, err := moper.mgetResults(&MulOp{\n\t\top: \"mget\",\n\t\tkeys: [][]byte{[]byte(\"a\"),\n\t\t\t[]byte(\"b\"), []byte(\"c\"), []byte(\"x\")}})\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\n\tres := string(buf)\n\tc.Assert(strings.",
"Contains(res, \"a\"), Equals, true)\n\tc.Assert(strings.",
"Contains(res, \"b\"), Equals, true)\n\tc.Assert(strings.",
"Contains(res, \"c\"), Equals, true)\n\n\tbuf, err = moper.mgetResults(&MulOp{\n\t\top: \"mget\",\n\t\tkeys: [][]byte{[]byte(\"x\"),\n\t\t\t[]byte(\"c\"), []byte(\"x\")}})\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\n\tbuf, err = moper.mgetResults(&MulOp{\n\t\top: \"mget\",\n\t\tkeys: [][]byte{[]byte(\"x\"),\n\t\t\t[]byte(\"y\"), []byte(\"x\")}})\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Reset()\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n}\n\nfunc (s *testProxyRouterSuite) TestMsetResults(c *C) {\n\t// for mset x y z bad case test\n\tmoper := newMultiOperator(s.s.addr, storeAuth)\n\t_, err := moper.msetResults(&MulOp{\n\t\top: \"mset\",\n\t\tkeys: [][]byte{[]byte(\"x\"),\n\t\t\t[]byte(\"y\"), []byte(\"z\")}})\n\tc.Assert(err, NotNil)\n\tc.Assert(strings.",
"Contains(err.",
"Error(), \"bad number of keys for mset command\"), Equals, true)\n\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Reset()\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n}\n\nfunc (s *testProxyRouterSuite) TestDeltResults(c *C) {\n\tmoper := newMultiOperator(s.s.addr, storeAuth)\n\n\tvar err error\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Set(0, store.",
"FormatBytes(\"a\", \"a\"))\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Set(0, store.",
"FormatBytes(\"b\", \"b\"))\n\tc.Assert(err, IsNil)\n\terr = s.s.store.",
"Set(0, store.",
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[
"OPINION\n\nLike in Puerto Rico, FEMA will continue to support local governments: Opposing view\n\nBrock Long | USA TODAY\n\nLast year’s historic hurricane season was a true test of the nation’s ability to respond to, and recover from, three near-simultaneous catastrophic hurricanes followed by the California wildfires. ",
"The impacts of these storms and the wildfires cannot be overstated. ",
"About 47 million people were affected by these events, or roughly 15% of the entire U.S. population.",
"\n\nChip Somodevilla, Getty Images\n\nFEMA will always work tirelessly to support state, local, tribal and territorial partners to respond to and recover from disasters. ",
"FEMA is not a first responder; disasters are state managed, locally executed and federally supported. ",
"Our role is to support local governments following a disaster only after their capacity to respond has been exceeded. ",
"That support most often takes the form of coordinating federal resources into a unified response and handing out massive amounts of grants to fund recovery efforts.",
"\n\nFEMA works in close partnership with state and local jurisdictions before, during and after a disaster to save lives, often including operational support to state and local search and rescue teams. ",
"For example, this may also include deploying U.S. Health and Human Services, Department of Defense or other federal resources to assist local jurisdictions.",
"\n\nThe actual counting of disaster-related fatalities is the responsibility of local jurisdictions, not FEMA. ",
"With respect to Puerto Rico or any disaster, FEMA and its federal partners will continue to support governors with their outcome-driven recovery goals.",
"\n\nAll segments of society, from individuals to governments to the private sector, have an important role to play to build resilience and a true culture of preparedness across the nation. ",
"My personal request to all Americans is to establish a plan, check their insurance, and be prepared: Citizens are often the true first responders. ",
"For more information on how you can be prepared, go to Ready.gov.",
"\n\nBrock Long is administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency."
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" So, you probably want abs(x[0][1]).",
"\nThen you command can simply be:\nmax(abs(x[0][1]) for x in dCF3v)\n\nMore to the point, you probably actually want to change the data structure to a list holding tuples:\ndCF3v = [x[0] for x in dCF3v]\n\nwhich then would look like:\nmax(abs(x[0]) for x in dCF3v)\n\nOr, if you wanted the entire tuple to be returned instead of just the second element:\nmax(dCF3v,key=lambda x:abs(x[0]))\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nConnect MVC C# App to SQL Server DataBase\n\nI have a DataBase in SQLSever. ",
"Into the webConfig file of my MVC project, when i configure the connectionString by giving the user and the password, it's correct:\n<connectionStrings> <add name=\"jcConn\" connectionString=\"Data Source=LAPTOP\\MSSQLSERVERAXVAL;Initial Catalog=bd_school;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Password=namin\"/> </connectionStrings>\n\nBut I dont want to specify the user and the password. ",
"So by trying to do this, it doesn't work:\n<add name=\"jcConn\" connectionString=\"Data Source=LAPTOP\\MSSQLSERVERAXVAL;Initial Catalog=bd_school;Integrated Security=True;\" providerName=\"System.",
"Data.",
"SqlClient\" />\n\nHow can i do that ?",
"\nThank you. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf you do not want to put your SQL User Id and Password in connection string then you must use Windows Authentication to login in SQL. ",
"And use your Database in Windows user in SQL. ",
"use this\nIntegrated Security=true;\n\n"
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"ETUDES Frequently Asked Questions\n\nYou will never find time for anything. ",
"If you want time you must make it.\"",
"\n\n- Charles Buxton, Writer\n\nTop 10 Frequently Asked Questions\n\n1. ",
"Q: When can I log into my online/hybrid courses? / ",
"Why can't I log into Etudes?",
"\n\nA: In most cases you cannot log into your course until the first day of the semester andsome online classes start later in the semester. ",
"To confirm the start date of your online course, visit the \"Schedules\" web page.",
"\nIf you recently received an email confirmation that you were added to an online/hybrid course remember that it can take up to 2 business days before you are able to log into Etudes and view the course. ",
"If it has been longer than that, the problem may be with your username and/or password, so read the answers below.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Q: How do I add an online/hybrid course that is full or after the semester starts?",
"\n\nA: If you would like to try to add an online/hybrid course that is full or closed, you must email the instructor for permission. ",
"Instructor email addresses are listed on our web site under the \"Schedules\" link.",
"\n\nBe sure to include the following in all email communications:\n\nCourse name and section number in the subject line of your email\n\nYour full name, email address, STUDENT ID NUMBER, and a phone number\n\nOnce you have received permission from an online instructor, forward the email to online@wlac.eduunless the instructor has already done so.",
"\n\nOnce we have processed your enrollment, we will send you an email confirmation. ",
"NOTE: Check your Bulk/Junk/Spam folders, in case our email gets routed there instead of your Inbox\n\nAdd requests are processed Monday through Friday. ",
"You can view your active schedule using the District's Student Information System to confirm that the course has been added.",
"\n\nIf the course does not appear on your active schedule or in your Etudes account within 2 business days after the first day of class, please forward the instructor's permission to online@wlac.edu as we may not have received a copy.",
"\n\nIf we have any difficulty processing your add request, we will contact you.",
"\n\nIMPORTANT: We will only be able to process your add request if you use the email account that is listed for you in the Student Information System.",
"\n\nNOTE: Starting Spring 2013, West began phasing out the use of any student email address other than the student’s student.LACCD.edu account. ",
"Email that West sends to students includes important notices regarding your financial aid awards, registration appointments, class changes updates, services information and more. ",
"For more info on how to login to your student email account click here\n\n3. ",
"Q: What is my Etudes User ID and Password?",
"\n\nA: Your Etudes User ID is your Student ID Number (not your SS#)\n\nFor example: Jose Garcia has the following Student ID: 880123456.",
"\n\nBased on this example, Jose's ETUDES User ID would be 880123456\n\nYour (first time login) Etudes Password is created by using your birthday.",
"\n\nFor example: If your birthday is April 22, 1991 (04/22/91), then your Password = 0422. ",
"The Month+Day value is always 4-digits (mmdd) where a single digit day or month starts with a zero.",
"\n\nWhen you log in for the first time Etudes will ask you to change your password.",
"\n\nNOTE: This is a permanent account that you will use for all ETUDES courses for this term and all subsequent terms. ",
"Your login information does not get reset from term to term. ",
"When you change your password, the change will apply to all of your current and future courses. ",
"Please save your login information for future reference.",
"\n\nIf you need more help to figure out your Etudes User ID, visit the \"Course Login Info\" web page.",
"\n\n4. ",
"Q: I can log into Etudes but why can't I see my course tab?",
"\n\nA: If you have recently added or dropped a course it can take 24-48 hours for you to be able to view the changes inside Etudes.",
"\n\nA: Sometimes the course is not \"published\" until mid-day or later in the day on the first day of classes. ",
"Be patient, and if you still cannot see your course inside Etudes by the end of the day than please contact your instructor via email.",
"\n\nA: If you have asked to add a class, but you are not yet officially enrolled in the Registrar's Office, you will NOT see a tab for your online course until the morning after you are officially enrolled.",
"\n\nA: If you have been dropped from the course or if the semester is over, you will sometimes no longer have a course tab.",
"\n\n5. ",
"Q: I've been able to log in before, so why am I unable to log in NOW?",
"\n\nA: There could be a number of reasons why. ",
"Please visit our \"Course Login Info\" web page to ensure that you are using the proper formula for your Etudes User ID and password. ",
"The most common fix for this problem is resetting your password (see below).",
"\n\n9. ",
"Q: What should I do if I get an error message when I request my password to be reset?",
"\n\nA: You will get an error message if the email address that you entered to \"Reset Password\" doesn't match the email address that Etudes has on record for you. ",
"If you get a message saying that your email address could not be found or that there is more than one user with the same email address, you can submit a request to have your Etudes account updated with your correct email address, so that you can then reset your password, after Etudes updates your account and notifies you. ",
"Update Etudes Account Request\n\n10. ",
"Q: I need to email an instructor for permission to add an online/hybrid course. ",
"Where can I find instructor email addresses?",
"\n\nA: You can find instructor email addresses on the \"Schedules\" web page.",
"\n\nMore ETUDES Frequently Asked Questions...\n\nYes, if you use a PC and Internet Explorer as your browser. ",
"This is not available for the Mac.",
"\n\nYou can download ieSpell that comes with the FCK Editor used in most tools. ",
"It is a limited spell-checker, however. ",
"You can download ieSpell - A Spell Checker for Internet Explorer at the following site: http://www.iespell.com/download.php.",
"\n\nWe recommend that you get into the habit of typing your work into a word processing program, like MS Word, saving it, and then cutting and pasting your text into ETUDES. ",
"This way, whether you are submitting an assignment, a discussion post, or an answer to an exam question, you will be able to spell check your work first and you will have a backup copy on your hard drive should you lose connectivity.",
"\n\nWhat types of files can I upload as attachments in the discussion forums?",
"\n\nThis is a list of allowable file types in the Discussions & Private Messages forum. ",
"Your files must include the proper suffix in order to upload as an attachment.",
"\n\nImage/Photo: .jpg, .gif, .png\n\nMedia: .midi, .mov,.wav, .mp3\n\nDocument: .doc, .pdf, .xls, .ppt, .pps, .htm/.html\n\nUtilities: .gz, .tar, .zip, .sit/.sitx\n\nWhat is the maximum file size for uploads?",
"\n\n20 Megabytes (MB)\n\nIs there a limit to the number of files I can attach to an assignment?",
"\n\nNo, there is no limit to the number of files students can attach to an assignment. ",
"You can attach as many as required/asked for by the instructor. ",
"The same 20 MB file size limit applies per file.",
"\n\nIs there a limit to the number of attachments allowed in the discussion forums?",
"\n\nIn the discussion tool, we have set the limit to 3 attachments max per post.",
"\n\nWhat's wrong with my essay? ",
"Some of the punctuation marks are altered by the Website.",
"\n\nIf you want to retain the formatting of your essays, you should submit them as attachments (when possible). ",
"Pasting them into the editor may alter some characters and/or formatting, depending on the version of software and hardware students are using.",
"\n\nMy teacher says that she has sent some announcements to us using email, but I didn't get them. ",
"Why not?",
"\n\nThere are two issues here:\n\n1. ",
"The email account you use might not be the same one that ETUDES is sending to. ",
"You can check this following these steps:\n\n- Click on the Update Details button at the bottom of the page. ",
"Now email will be sent to the updated email address.",
"\n\n- After you log into your ETUDES account, you'll be in MyWorkspace. ",
"Click on the Account link in the left nav menu.",
"\n\n- Click on the Modify Details button at the bottom of the window.",
"\n\n- On the Account Details page that appears, put your correct email address into the correct box. (",
"Notice that you can also change your name and password here, too. ",
"But remember that this only affects your ETUDES account. ",
"You'll need to contact Admissions & Records to make changes school-wide.",
"\n\n2. ",
"It could be that you're receiving the emails, but your email program is automatically sorting the messages into your bulk/junk folder. ",
"This is particularly true if you're using hotmail or yahoo as your email account. ",
"You can try adding your ETUDES class email address to your address book so that it will be recognized as not junk, or just get into the habit of looking in your bulk/junk folder for class emails.",
"\n\nSometimes a module page does not open completely, but just show the titles. ",
"Why does this happen?",
"\n\nYou may need to disable your pop-up blocker. ",
"This is explained on the Etudes Gateway page, but it's easy to miss.",
"\n\nClick on the link: Computer (PC and Mac) and Connectivity Requirements for details. ",
"Setting up cache, turning off pop-up blocker, and enabling cookies are three standards things that users should do. ",
"Allowing pop-ups impacts opening documents in separate browser windows, opening the widgets and other parts of the software where help is provided to users in the form of pop-up windows.",
"\n\nDepending on how paranoid users are with regard to security, other things may have to be changed (i.e. allow downloads). ",
"It is too hard to know everyone's local configurations... The more restrictions people put on their browsers, the more problems they will have.",
"\n\nHow do I get rid of the course tabs leftover from past terms?",
"\n\nInstructions for removing/reordering course tabs in ETUDES:\n\nLog in and go to \"My Workspace\".",
"\n\nClick Preferences from the lefthand menu.",
"\n\nClick \"Customize Tabs\"\" from the list at the top of the page.",
"\n\nFollow instructions to reorder or archive tabs.",
"\n\nWhen you are done, click Update Preferences at the bottom.",
"\n\nRefresh your browser window so that the changes now appear.",
"\n\nHow do I add an attachment to an assignment or discussion post in ETUDES?",
"\n\nLearn more about using attachments in ETUDES by viewing our \"Adding Attachments\" PDF document.",
"\n\nNews and EventsNews from around the WEST campus.",
"\n\nRegister Now / Looking for a last minute Summer class? ",
"Want to be prepared for your Fall online courses?",
"\n\nAll Things Digital / The DDS and the Distance Learning Program have teamed up to launch a new blog, West LA Digital. ",
"Check us out and learn about all things digital from West LA College. ",
"Don’t forget to follow us. ",
"Learn more…"
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"Q:\n\nMultiple switch values inside a loop\n\nI'm trying to write a switch statement that matches multiple integers in the same case. ",
"I have tried many different examples, have most recently landed on:\nGet-ChildItem $folder -Filter \"*.$($extension)\" | Where-Object {\n\n $name = $_.Name\n $pattern = '(\\d{2,4})'\n $metric = ([regex]$pattern).Matches($name)\n $variable = $metric.",
"Item(0)\n\n switch ($variable) {\n {291,292 -contains $_} {\n Write-Host \"Skip these numbers...`n\"\n break\n }\n default {\n #process other numbers\n }\n }\n}\n\nBut this seems to get skipped and always ends up on the default bit after this, I cannot find a way to hit those two magic numbers and skip the rest of the code.",
"\nThis switch statement is inside a Get-ChildItem, I'm wondering if this would mean that $_ refers to the loop and not the switch? ",
"Running out of ideas, any advice would be appreciated. ",
"I think I'm running PowerShell 4 if that helps. ",
"Thanks\n\nA:\n\nNew\nOk, I understand what you'd like to do.",
"\nSo, as it turns out, the way Where-Object works is that you can put a filter block, just like in ForEach-Object, and if the filter emits and object, then matching objects continue down the pipeline.",
"\nWith that being said, I think this would be much simpler as a Dir | Where | ForEach, rather than this much more complex mega-Where you've got going on.",
"\nIn your example, you've got a regex looking for files which contain between 2 and 4 digits in them. ",
" If the file contains the numbers 291, or 292, you don't want to process them.",
"\nTo replicate this, i've got a directory full of ISO files, called 290.iso, 291.iso, 292.iso and so on.",
"\nIf this works, we should see a list of ISOs retured at the end of the Pipeline, minus the ones with the 'offending' digits, which we do not want.",
"\nDir t:\\ 2*.iso | Where {$_.BaseName -match $pattern} | ForEach-Object{\n if ($_.BaseName -in (291,292)) {$null}\n else{$_}\n } \n\nResults:\nMode LastWriteTime Length Name \n---- ------------- ------ ---- \n-a---- 12/1/2015 12:40 PM 12 290.iso \n-a---- 12/1/2015 12:40 PM 12 293.iso \n-a---- 12/1/2015 12:40 PM 12 294.iso \n-a---- 12/1/2015 12:40 PM 12 295.iso \n\nSo, in your case, you'd just add one more ForEach to the end of the pipeline to process these macros or whatever you'd like to do.",
"\nGet-ChildItem $folder -Filter \"*.$($extension)\" | \n Where-Object {$_.BaseName -match $pattern} |\n ForEach {\n #Dump the files is their name contains any of these numbers\n if ($_.BaseName -in (291,292)) {$null}\n else{$_}\n } | ForEach-Object {\n #Run your macros here\n }\n\nPossibly a better approach would be to collect the files we DO want to work with in a variable, and then use ForEach on those.",
"\n#Only return files with numbers in the name\n$MatchingFiles = Get-ChildItem $folder -Filter \"*.$($extension)\" | \n Where-Object {$_.BaseName -match $pattern} \n\n#Remove files with 291, 292 in their name \n$FilteredFiles = $MatchingFiles | \n ForEach {\n #Dump the files is their name contains any of these numbers\n if ($_.BaseName -in (291,292)) {$null}\n else{$_}\n } \n\n#Run the macros for each file remaining \nForEach ($file in $FilteredFiles){\n #Run your macros here\n }\n\nI know this doesn't answer your switch question, but I think this is a better approach to take. ",
" I'd hate to inherit the working Switch you come up with to accomplish this task.",
"\nOLD\nThis is kind of a strange usage of Where-Object, and if I may be totally honest, I'm not sure what this is attempting to accomplish. ",
" I've found that you'll always get better answers here if you'll explain what your code wants to do.",
"\nThat being said, this works for me if I change your Where-Object into a ForEach-Object.",
"\nFunctionally, your switch works. ",
" When I tested with this code structure:\nforEach ($variable in (290..295)){\nswitch ($variable) {\n {291,292 -contains $_} {\n Write-Host \"Skip these numbers... $variable\"\n break\n }\n default {\n \"We won't skip this one $variable\"#process other numbers\n }\n }\n\n }\n\nOutput:\nWe won't skip this one 290\nSkip these numbers.... 291\nSkip these numbers.... 292\nWe won't skip this one 293\nWe won't skip this one 294\nWe won't skip this one 295\n\nSo, I think the problem is that you're using the wrong cmdlet for this job. ",
" If I'm wrong and you have a good reason for using Where-Object, I'd love to learn it, so please let me know :)\n\n"
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"Romanian telecom group Digi launches biggest private IPO in Bucharest Stock Exchange history\n\nDigi Communications (DIGI), the company managing the Romanian telecom operator RCS&RDS, will start trading on the Bucharest Stock Exchange in mid-May. It has launched an initial public offering (IPO) in which its main shareholders will sell some 23% of the company’s shares for EUR 180 million to EUR 270 million. ",
"The IPO could this evaluate Digi Communications at over EUR 1 billion. ",
"If successful, this would be the biggest listing of a private company ever carried out on the Bucharest Stock Exchange.",
"\n\nThe selling shareholders, which include the company’s founder and majority stake owner Zoltan Teszari, have set a price range of RON 38-56 (EUR 8.3-12.3) per share. ",
"The sale price will be announced on May 10, the last day of the offer period. ",
"The shares will then be admitted to trading on the Bucharest Stock Exchange on May 16.",
"\n\nThe IPO is managed by Citigroup and Deutsche Bank, as Joint Global Co-ordinators and Joint Bookrunners, Societe Generale Corporate& Investment Banking, BRD, Raiffeisen Bank, Wood&Company, as Joint Bookrunners, and BT Capital Partners, as Joint Bookrunner and Lead Manager.",
"\n\nDigi Communications, which is registered in the Netherlands but has its registered address and tax residence in Romania, is a leading provider of telecommunication services in Romania and Hungary based on number of clients. ",
"The company holds a market share of almost 50% on the cable TV and fixed internet service segments and 11.6% of the mobile communications segment in Romania, in terms of clients.",
"\n\nThe company had revenues of EUR 843 million in 2016, up from EUR 750 million in 2015 and EUR 662 million in 2014. ",
"The group’s adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), reached EUR 263.3 million in 2016, resulting in an EBITDA margin of 31.2%.",
"\n\nThe operations in Romania accounted for EUR 613 million, or 73% of last year’s revenues, while the Hungarian operations amounted to EUR 138 million, or 16.4%. ",
"The company also has operations in Spain (EUR 83 million in 2016), and Italy (EUR 9.2 million). ",
"The group has disposed of all other operations in Eastern Europe to focus on the core markets of Romania and Hungary.",
"\n\n“We have grown mainly organically from approximately 0.7 million RGUs (Revenue Generating Units) at December 31, 2002 to approximately 12.4 million RGUs as at December 31, 2016, during which period we have developed from a cable TV provider to a provider of multiple-play services, including cable TV, fixed internet and data, mobile telecommunication services, fixed-line telephony and DTH television services,” reads the company’s presentation in the prospectus.",
"\n\nCable TV is Digi’s original line of business. ",
"The company has 2.9 million cable TV clients in Romania and 473,000 in Hungary and the revenues on this segment accounted for 25.7% of the total last year. ",
"Fixed internet and data generated 23.9% of last year’s revenues, with 2.1 million clients in Romania and 428,000 in Hungary. ",
"The mobile communications segment, which has been the company’s growth engine in recent years, generated 25.5% of the revenues in 2016. ",
"On this segment, Digi had 3.2 million clients in Romania at the end of last year and over 600,000 clients in Spain. ",
"The group also offers fixed voice and satellite television services, which have lower chares in the overall revenues.",
"\n\nThe Romanian retail telecommunication services market was valued at approximately EUR 2.5 billion as at December 31, 2015 (EUR 3.2 billion including wholesale), according to Digi’s prospectus. ",
"The group’s main competitors in Romania are international players such as Orange, Vodafone, Telekom, and UPC.",
"\n\nThe group’s majority shareholder is Romanian investor Zoltan Teszari, who owns 2.9% of the shares directly and controls another 62% of the shares indirectly, via RCS Management (Teszári owns 87.1% of RCS Management). ",
"He will sell an 0.5% stake in the company via the IPO.",
"\n\nThe main seller is Carpathian Cable Investments, a company registered in Luxembourg, which will dispose of 18.9% of the company’s shares. ",
"Carpathian Cable Investments will thus get up to 217 million for its stake, considering the maximum IPO price. ",
"The company will keep a 1.7% stake in Digi Communications.",
"\n\nCyprus-based Celest Limited, ING Bank N.V., and four other individuals will also sell shares in the IPO.",
"\n\nThe number of shares to be sold in the IPO reaches 21.74 million, 18.48 million of which will be sold to institutional investors, namely 85% of the offer. ",
"The retail tranche will consist of 3.26 million shares, which will be sold at a discount compared to the final offer price. ",
"The discount amounts to 7% for subscription orders made in the first five days of the offer, namely until May 5, and 3% for the rest.",
"\n\nThe shares sold in the IPO are class B shares, which hold the same dividend rights as class A shares but have lower voting power. ",
"The majority shareholder will keep the class A shares.",
"\n\nInvestors who subscribe in the offer shouldn’t think about the dividends. “",
"The Company intends to retain earnings and reinvest cash flows to capitalize on growth opportunities in its core markets,” according to the prospectus.",
"\n\nOver 1 million phone numbers transferred to Digi Mobil network in Romania\n\n[email protected]"
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"Concepts: Media Literacy\n\nIn 2003, 2005 and 2006, I conducted “Best Practices” workshops for K-12 teachers on behalf of the SC State Department of Education. ",
"My teaching approach is three-pronged: start with visual literacy; secondly address advertising; and lastly the moving images. ",
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"I welcome inquiries regarding my professional development workshops for schools/districts/conferences. ",
"Frank W Baker\n\nScanning Television 2 “I know of no other product as good as Scanning Television….",
"\nRich, relevant content, packaged in a way that makes it easy for classroom teachers\nto integrate into instruction. ",
"Two thumbs up…way up!” (",
"Frank Baker’s original testimonial)"
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"I believe he took a lot of damage and hung in there. ",
"He was a bit tired after the second round. ",
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"Of course,” Carvalho said. \"",
"I couldn’t show it, but deep inside it was bothering me because people were only criticizing me because of that first fight. ",
"I was the target. ",
"I used that as fuel for this fight. ",
"I think that now they will forget that fight and be quiet.",
"\n\n\"It was really special for me because winning this fight, I shut up a lot of people from international media and their fans,” he continued. \"",
"Now, they will start to see me in a different way. ",
"The whole world will see me in a different way now. ",
"I think I surprised and shocked the fight world.\"",
"\n\nCarvalho now holds a 14-1 MMA record with 11 knockout finishes. ",
"Bellator has yet to announce who’s next in line for the 185-pound gold, but the possibility of the promotion’s president Scott Coker going after top UFC middleweight Gegard Mousasi, who became a free agent after his win over Chris Weidman, and Ronaldo Souza, who will fight the last bout in his UFC contract the Saturday against Robert Whittaker, is music to Carvalho’s ears.",
"\n\n\"It would be good,” said the Bellator champion. \"",
"It would be good for the promotion, would show its strength, that it’s growing. ",
"There are a lot of athletes moving over to Bellator, and they wouldn't be the first nor the last. ",
"There are athletes going the opposite way too, from Bellator to the UFC, and that shows there’s a balance between both organizations.",
"\n\n\"I believe I can do well against both top UFC fighters. ",
"I can fight them and do well. ",
"Who knows what the future will bring for us. ",
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"Last month, McDonald’s devised a plan to wedge itself into the dense flow of self-promotion and micro-conversations that constitute Twitter. ",
"The fast-food giant had hoped to introduce some of the real-life farmers and producers who supply McDonald’s with potatoes, beef and other products under the organizing hashtags of (hashtag)MeetTheFarmers and (hashtag)McDStories.",
"\n\nBut within the hour, the company had a social-media disaster on its hands. ",
"Tweeters quickly hijacked the (hashtag)McDStories hashtag to offer their own anecdotes and propaganda, some of it attacking McDonald’s long history of selling cheap meat to Americans, millions of patties and nuggets a day.",
"\n\n\n\n\n\nOne person, under the Twitter handle (at)MichelleVegan, wrote, “McDonalds scalds baby chicks alive for nuggets.” ",
"The Twitter feed for Vegan.com chimed in: “My memories of walking into a McDonald’s: the sensory experience of inhaling deeply from a freshly-opened can of dog food.” ",
"Then, of course, PETA entered the fray with a photo of a coil of pink goop, implying that McNuggets were made from “mechanically separated chicken,” an allegation that McDonald’s immediately denied.",
"\n\nRegardless of the veracity of those claims, the episode underscored a new truth: Meat eating is not the simple pleasure it was in previous generations, and not just for those frequenting fast-food joints.",
"\n\nEven as millions of Americans continue to gobble down gourmet burgers, dry-aged steaks, chef-driven charcuterie and bacon-wrapped everything, they’re regularly forced to consider the potential consequences of their actions. ",
"Environmentalists want us to think about the greenhouse gases that meat production creates. ",
"Humane advocates want us to consider the suffering of animals. ",
"Doctors want us to ponder the health implications. ",
"And the medical community would like us to understand the potential fallout — otherwise known as antibiotic resistance — of pumping farm animals full of drugs.",
"\n\nIt’s as if America has become schizophrenic about meat: As the reasons to reduce or eliminate meat consumption increase, so do the sources of particularly tasty morsels of animal flesh.",
"\n\n“We’re schizoid, as a culture, on meat eating,” notes writer Michael Pollan, who has grappled with this own internal conflicts on the consumption of animal flesh. “",
"We love the taste and what having lots of meat has always signified — status, wealth — but at the same time it’s hard to overlook the high cost of meat-eating: to the environment, to the workers, to the animals and to our own health. ",
"It’s no wonder we’d be conflicted.”",
"\n\nIt’s perhaps not surprising that we’ve reached this point at which meat eating has become almost as polarizing as religion.",
"\n\nGroups such as PETA, Compassion Over Killing and Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine have been promoting vegetarian or vegan diets for years, if not decades. ",
"An entire generation of eaters, many of them Twitter-savvy, has grown up with the idea that not eating meat is better for them and the world they live in.",
"\n\nWhat’s more, some of those groups have been targeting kids almost from the moment they started to make decisions about their diets. ",
"People such as Neal Barnard, a physician and president of the PCRM, make no apologies for it. ",
"He compares current anti-meat campaigns to those that discourage underage smoking: It’s important to hit ’em while they’re young.",
"\n\n“If a kid, like me, found a pack of cigarettes when he was 11,” Barnard says, “that kid is more likely to grow up as a smoker as opposed to a kid who never encountered them at all.”",
"\n\nPETA, in particular, has actively targeted young eaters with its Peta2.com Web site, which launched in 2002 and has more than 500,000 e-news subscribers. ",
"The site has little interest in promoting the health-care savings or potential long-term health benefits of a vegetarian diet. ",
"Instead, it adopts a pop-culture approach to make meat-free eating seem cool and “cruelty-free” to animals — or, at the very least, contrarian to the adult world, which in itself might appeal to the more rebellious.",
"\n\nThe idea, says Dan Mathews, senior vice president of campaigns for PETA, is not to take an elevated intellectual approach in trying to appeal to youth, but to play up factors important to young eaters. ",
"Like looking good, or sex, or celebrities. ",
"PETA even works with television producers to insert anti-meat messages into various programs, such as an episode of last season’s “Real Housewives of Miami” in which Lea Black annoys her fellow South Beach sun-bunnies by pooh-poohing a pig roast.",
"\n\n“Being realistic, we realized we had to go to a lower common denominator” to hit the youth market, says Mathews. “",
"They want to look good. ",
"They don’t care about something that will take decades to affect them,” like heart disease.",
"\n\nBut the anti-meat and reduced-meat messages are not coming just from animal-rights organizations with an agenda. ",
"Cookbook authors, activists and even the federal government have embraced an idea that might have seemed radical a generation or two ago: We don’t need to eat as much meat as we used to.",
"\n\nPollan, in his “In Defense of Food” (Penguin, 2008), famously wrote that we should “Eat food. ",
"Not too much. ",
"Mostly plants.” ",
"The following year, author Mark Bittman espoused essentially the same idea in “Food Matters” (Simon & Schuster, 2009) by noting that we should “eat less meat and junk food, eat more vegetables and whole grains.”",
"\n\nMore than two years later, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which recommended that we “reduce the intake of calories from solid fats.” ",
"Translation: Eat less meat.",
"\n\nIt’s not easy to quantify how those messages have influenced meat eating in the United States. ",
"According to a poll conducted last year by Harris Interactive for the Vegetarian Resource Group, about 5 percent of Americans identified themselves as vegetarian, and another 33 percent are “eating vegetarian meals a significant amount of the time.” ",
"In 1994, a poll conducted for the Vegetarian Resource Group led the organization to estimate that “0.3 to 1 percent of the population is vegetarian.”",
"\n\nPerhaps more telling are numbers culled by the America Meat Institute from Agriculture Department data. ",
"They show that consumption of red meat is down across the board. ",
"Americans, for example, ate 56.9 pounds of beef per capita in 2010, compared with 62.4 pounds in 2005. ",
"Our pork consumption per person also dropped, from 46.5 pounds in 2005 to 44.8 in 2010. ",
"Even our taste for chicken has dulled: We ate 55.5 pounds of chicken per person in 2010, off from 60.5 pounds five years earlier.",
"\n\nThe numbers might trend toward a vegetarian lifestyle, but the fact is, Americans still down an estimated one-sixth of the meat eaten in the world. ",
"Where does this drive come from?",
"\n\nBarnard of the PCRM suggests in his book “Breaking the Food Seduction” (St. Martin’s, 2003) that meat eating has an addictive quality. “",
"Scientific tests suggest that meat has subtle drug-like qualities, just as sugar, chocolate, and cheese do,” Barnard writes. “",
"When researchers use the drug naloxone to block opiate receptors in volunteers, meat loses much of its appeal.”",
"\n\nNew York University professor and noted nutritionist Marion Nestle says the addiction theory is bunk.",
"\n\n“Humans are omnivores and lots of animals eat meat,” she wrote via e-mail. “",
"People eat because they have to (a drive). ",
"Taste drives food choices. ",
"We get nutrients (Vitamin B12, among others) from meat and dairy foods that we can’t get enough of from vegetable sources. ",
"Our ancestors had no choice. ",
"Survival depended on eating meat. ",
"We do have a choice, and people and the planet would be healthier if we ate less meat, but I wouldn’t call meat-eating an addiction.”",
"\n\nWhether its product is addictive or not, the meat industry is not sitting back idly and watching America transform into Veg Nation. ",
"The American Meat Institute, a trade association that represents red meat and turkey processors, launched a Web site about a year ago called Meat MythCrushers with the idea that it would counter many of the arguments against meat eating. ",
"Via studies and video interviews with industry experts, the site tackles what it says are “myths,” such as the belief that antibiotic use in livestock production contributes to antibiotic resistance in humans, or that there’s a concrete connection between meat eating and heart disease.",
"\n\nJanet M. Riley, senior vice president of public affairs for the AMI, acknowledges that lower consumption rates and increased attacks on meat eating led the organization to create the site. ",
"But she also says the statistics showing declining meat-eating are deceptive: Between higher meat prices and the poor economy, Americans have naturally started to eat less meat.",
"\n\nThe videos on the site were particularly important to Riley, who serves as the interviewer in each. ",
"She says she wanted to humanize an industry that has become increasingly viewed as cold and mechanical via films such as “Food, Inc.” and books such as Eric Schlosser’s “Fast Food Nation.” ",
"When people visit processing plants these days, she says, they’re surprised by the improvements in animal welfare and safety.",
"\n\nThat statement might come as a surprise to PETA’s Mathews, who notes that the agriculture industry continues to try to push bills through state legislatures to prevent undercover videos and photographs at slaughterhouses and other facilities, which could potentially turn off more meat eaters. “",
"They’re very threatened,” Mathews says. “",
"This is why they got these bills sponsored.”",
"\n\nIt would seem clear, whether it’s McDonald’s on Twitter or slaughterhouses in Iowa, that meat producers, retailers and eaters have assumed a defensive position. ",
"Will some of those defenses eventually crumble under more pressure to decrease meat consumption? ",
"One former hard-core meat eater found she could no longer justify her habits after doing pro-bono legal work for the Humane Society of the United States and its anti-puppy-mill campaign.",
"\n\nOne day, more than three years ago, antitrust lawyer Amber McDonald of Washington “made the connection that industrialized agriculture is run a lot like a puppy mill.” ",
"She gradually weaned herself from meat and dairy products, a move that came as a shock to her friends, colleagues and family. ",
"McDonald grew up in Wisconsin, eating brats and cheese. ",
"She used to judge people who ate fish in a steakhouse as not aggressive enough for employment in the legal profession. ",
"She laughs at the memory of it now.",
"\n\nFour years ago, McDonald might have been a happy participant in the eight-day barbecue orgy known as Meat Week. ",
"But this year, for the third consecutive year, she was organizing her own little counterproposal: Meat-Free Week, which ended Monday. ",
"She’s the founder of the event. ",
"Is she also a harbinger of things to come in America?"
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"It hits you double barrel with everything you grew up being a fan of as a kid. ",
"And being able to see some of the actors or actresses that you saw in movies as a kid, even as a younger adult, it was just so powerful to interact with them.—Dan Farr, creator of Salt Lake Comic Con\n\nAs a child, Manu Bennett idolized the aboriginal actor David Gulpilil, or Fingerbone Bill from the Australian film “Storm Boy.”",
"\n\nBennett’s father took him to a hotel where Gulpilil was supposedly staying. ",
"After hours of waiting in the lobby, Bennett and his father left without seeing the actor, but that did not dampen the boy's excitement.",
"\n\n“We waited for several hours and this actor never came down stairs, but it was the buzz that I felt being in the building where he was around,\" Bennett recalled with a smile. \"",
"He was near.\"",
"\n\nToday, Bennett, who plays Azog the Defiler in “The Hobbit” and Slade Wilson in the CW’s “The Arrow,” is on the other side, signing autographs for fans at conventions across the world.",
"\n\n“I remember that now when I’m at a desk or a Comic Con,” he said. “",
"It’s their moment to meet an actor. ",
"I understand it.”",
"\n\nBennett is just one of the celebrities, artists and vendors who will be attending Salt Lake City’s inaugural Comic Con from Sept. 5–7 at the Salt Palace Convention Center.",
"\n\nA first for Salt Lake\n\nThe largest of these fan conventions, Comic Con International, is held in San Diego every summer. ",
"More than 100,000 people flood the San Diego Convention Center to visit vendor booths, take photos with celebrities and attend panels about their favorite shows, movies, books or comics.",
"\n\nWhile cities across the country and world have held their own conventions, Comic Con has never made it to Salt Lake City — until now.",
"\n\nDan Farr, the creator of Salt Lake Comic Con, attended Comic Cons across the country when working for Daz3D, an imaging software used by many comic book artists.",
"\n\nAt each event, Farr said he was blown away by the excitement coming from vendors and attendees alike.",
"\n\n“It’s like you could cut it with a knife,” he said. “",
"It hits you double barrel with everything you grew up being a fan of as a kid. ",
"And being able to see some of the actors or actresses that you saw in movies as a kid, even as a younger adult, it was just so powerful to interact with them.”",
"\n\nHe began to wonder why Salt Lake didn’t have an event. ",
"After leaving Daz3D last year, Farr decided to make Salt Lake Comic Con a reality.",
"\n\nFarr admitted that as an entrepreneur he always thinks things are going to be so much bigger than what reality would suggest. ",
"But, he said Salt Lake Comic Con has become bigger than he ever imagined it could be.",
"\n\nThe convention was originally planned for the South Towne Expo in Sandy. ",
"Ticket sales soon required the event be moved to the larger Salt Palace Convention Center in downtown Salt Lake. ",
"Farr expects 25,000 to 35,000 attendees, more than 200 vendors and nearly 100 panels.",
"\n\n“I just can’t tell you how excited I am,” Farr said. “ ",
"Sometimes there’s a lot to do but it to me it never feels like work.”",
"\n\nHollywood comes to town\n\nWith a lineup of celebrity guests, artists and authors coming to Salt Lake, Farr said the event has something for almost any fan.",
"\n\nBatman fans can line up to see Adam West and Burt Ward, the original Batman and Robin. ",
"Star Wars fans can meet Darth Maul (Ray Park), Peter Mayhew (Chewbacca) and Darth Vader (David Prowse). ",
"If Star Trek is more of an attendee’s fancy, William Shatner will be signing autographs.",
"\n\nEven the Fonz (Henry Winker) will make an appearance.",
"\n\nThe convention will also host several renowned comic book artists, including Greg Horn, lead artist for “Marvel: War of Heroes.”",
"\n\n“The gathering of talent in that room is going to be unprecedented for this type of market,” Farr said. “",
"Everybody that’s coming is someone that I’m excited to see again or if I haven’t met them before, I’m excited to meet them. ",
"Across the board, I think they are great guests.”",
"\n\nJames Dashner, a Utahn and author of the Maze Runner series, said he’s excited for Salt Lake City to receive its own event. ",
"Dashner, who has been a guest at several Comic Cons, including San Diego, said he loves being able to see all the passion fans have for their respective fandom.",
"\n\n“You kind of revel in your nerdiness. ",
"It’s awesome,” Dashner said.",
"\n\nFor Bennett, it’s the chance to hear what fans think of the final product. ",
"While actors and producers see the product through each stage of development, viewers see the product much later after rewrites, cuts and edits.",
"\n\n“I do a performance but I don’t know what each individual viewer is going to think,” Bennett said. “",
"It’s almost like qualifying my performance finally through the viewers. ",
"It’s very rewarding for me.”",
"\n\nBut as rewarding as the Comic Cons are for Bennett, he said he believes the events are for the fans.",
"\n\n“If you wanted to connect with the face front of the industry, this is kind of it,” Bennett said. “",
"Comic Cons are really the only event where it is for the public. ",
"This is where the industry says, ‘OK, this is for you. ",
"This is your event.’”",
"\n\nHow to Comic Con\n\nBetween 200 vendors and nearly 100 panels, tackling a Comic Con experience can be overwhelming to many first-timers. ",
"But Farr said not to worry.",
"\n\n“From my experience in other cities, you never tackle Comic Con,” Farr said. “",
"You just can’t do it. ",
"There’s just too much packed in in every event. ",
"There’s going to be conflicting panels. ",
"You may want to go to two or three panels that are all going on at the same time and you have to pick one. ",
"You can only be at one place at one time. ",
"So you will miss out on certain events. ",
"That’s just kind of inevitable.”",
"\n\nInstead of trying to do everything, Farr recommended asking volunteers for help in planning which panels to attend, in order to make the most of each day. ",
"Farr also advised purchasing a multi-day pass in order to experience the most the convention has to offer.",
"\n\n“If you’re going to just walk through the show floor area, maybe you can do that in a day, but if you want to be involved in any of the panels or anything outside the event, you really do need the three days,” Farr said. “",
"But if you want to dip your foot in the pool, then get a single-day pass and see what it’s like.”",
"\n\nWhile many people dress up as their favorite characters for the convention, Farr said costuming is not a requirement. ",
"In his experience, usually only 10 percent of attendees dress up for the event.",
"\n\n“But with that being said, if you’re into this at all, this is a time to let your hair down and throw on a costume and go in character if you want,” Farr said.",
"\n\nFor Aaron Taylor, a Riverton resident, Salt Lake Comic Con will be a family affair this year.",
"\n\nTaylor, who attended Seattle’s Emerald City Comic Con last year, said he’s excited to take his children, including his 5-year-old son, to the local event this year. ",
"According to Taylor, his 11-year-old daughter, who is currently reading the Fablehaven series, is excited to meet Brandon Mull, author of the series.",
"\n\n“That’s all she can talk about,” Taylor said. “",
"I don’t have any reservations at all taking my family. ",
"Particularly with the trend of superhero movies being geared not only to adults but kids, too. ",
"There are a ton of things that will interest kids of all ages.”",
"\n\nBennett said that while some may see the entertainment industry as something degrading, he sees it as a powerful tool that can be used to promote morality and change. ",
"Entertainment, Bennett said, can help use become better people.",
"\n\n“Social justice and doing the right thing and having the power to make choices and defend society — these are all comic issues,” Bennett said. “",
"I tend to think that we need to look at it as these heroes are personified versions of ourselves at an extreme where we’re able to be better people.”",
"\n\nTickets can be purchased online at saltlakecomiccon.com or, if available, at the Salt Palace Convention Center the day of the event.",
"\n\nKatie Harmer is a journalism graduate of Brigham Young University and writes for Mormon Times. ",
"Email: kharmer@deseretnews.com Twitter: harmerk"
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"Lionel Skeggins\n\nLionel Skeggins is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street who was portrayed by John Leigh. ",
"His casting on the show began in late 1993 as a guest role and ended in early 1999 as a fan favourite regular. ",
"Lionel returned for a cameo in the show's 25th Anniversary in 2017.",
"\n\nCreation and casting\nJohn Leigh auditioned for the role in 1993 but was considered risky due to his relatively \"old\" age and lack of TV experience. ",
"Leigh recalls the casting director pondering why he had no television experience at 27 years old and concluding, \"'He musn't be very good!'\". ",
"However, after landing a 2-week recurring role, the character proved popular and was eventually brought back the following year as a core cast member. ",
"He ended up staying for 5 years. ",
"Leigh's final scene in 1999 saw Lionel washed off a rock by a large wave. ",
"He described his characters fate, \"Murray Keane was directing, he said, 'you're in this shot and you're not in the next one' and there was a big woosh.\" ",
"Lionel made his final appearance on 12 March 1999. ",
"In 2012 producers considered bringing the character back in a brief cameo for the shows 20th anniversary but ultimately decided against it. ",
"Leigh reprised his role as Lionel for a cameo in the shows 25th anniversary in 2017.",
"\n\nStorylines\nLionel arrived briefly in 1993 to attend best friend - Leonard Dodds' (Marton Csokas) wedding. ",
"He returned in 1994 when Leonard and wife - Gina (Josephine Davison) gave him the hospital cafe's management contract. ",
"Lionel fell in love with Kirsty Knight (Angela Dotchin) but lost out on her affections to Greg (Tim Balme). ",
"However, by the end of the year, Kirsty and Lionel had gotten together and were engaged. ",
"Despite Stuart's (Martin Henderson) attempts to stop the marriage, the two married in early 1995. ",
"Lionel went into a coma following digesting bad drugs from Darryl's (Mark Ferguson) company and his marriage with Kirsty tightened. ",
"However, after the two moved into an old house, the marriage quickly deteriorated and they separated. ",
"By the end of the year the two were completely over when Kirsty suffered amnesia and returned to Greg.",
"\n\nLionel moved onto Grace (Lynette Forday) but as 1996 ended he and Kirsty finally reconciled. ",
"However the relationship again fell apart and a reconciliation with Grace also fell through. ",
"Whilst talking through a divorce with Kirsty, the two narrowly escaped death in a plane crash and finally ended their marriage. ",
"In 1998 Lionel realized he really did love Kirsty but missed her by seconds as she left Ferndale. ",
"He was shocked to discover he had an illegitimate teenage son - Luke Billingham (Greg Freeman) and he started to date Mackenzie (Ingrid Park). ",
"The two married in 1999 but shortly after the wedding, Lionel discovered evidence to suggest his wife had tried to murder Oscar (Christopher Brown) and was washed off a rock whilst trying to escape her. ",
"His body was never recovered, however his wallet was found.",
"\n\nIn 2017 Chris Warner (Michael Galvin) discovered Lionel in the hospital helping out following the volcanic eruption. ",
"Although confronted, Lionel appeared to be suffering from amnesia.",
"\n\nCharacter development\n\nCharacterisation\nWhilst at first appearing as an immature prankster, Lionel's second stint saw the character develop into a more sensitive character with \"little-boy-lost\" vulnerability. ",
"John Leigh described Lionel as likeable, stating; \"Lionel is this great trier. ",
"That's why people have latched on to him. ",
"He doesn't have all the swankiness of the doctors – their money and their looks. ",
"A lot of people always see themselves as falling a bit short of the mark and everyone does in some way. ",
"People identity with this struggle.\" ",
"Leigh found it difficult to understand how Lionel attracted women, saying, \"Lionel is the sort of person you want to meet when you're ready to settle down. ",
"He's a nice guy. ",
"You can trust him. ",
"He can cook. ",
"He can fix things. ",
"None of these things is exciting to a young woman.\"",
"\n\nKirsty and Lionel\nUpon returning in 1994, Lionel was paired with popular character Kirsty Knight (Angela Dotchin). ",
"Several people involved in production were skeptical that the \"Beauty and the Beast\" storyline could actually work, finding it unlikely the glamorous Kirsty would be attracted to the clumsy Lionel. ",
"However the unusual pairing was a hit with audiences, becoming part of the classic soap opera archetype of; the couple the audience know should be together even when the characters do not know it themselves. ",
"The couple were so successful a novel was released telling the two's story titled \"Kirsty and Lionel - Shortland Street Books\". ",
"The characters first began to share scenes when Kirsty was involved in a car crash that saw the deaths of TP Aleni (Elizabeth Skeen) and Steve Mills (Andrew Binns). ",
"Kirsty used Lionel as a shoulder to cry on and though Lionel was instantly smitten, Kirsty was not. ",
"Dotchin explained, \"He's somebody who really looks after her, but it's not a blossoming romance. ",
"Lionel's not Kirsty's type, she doesn't see them together as a couple sexually. ",
"He's very much in love with her, but she's not in love with him.\" ",
"Nonetheless, several months later the two featured in one of the most iconic moments in the soap's history when the first ever cliffhanger featured on the soap centered around the wedding between the two being interrupted by Kirsty's past lover Stuart Neilson (Martin Henderson). ",
"The two got through the hiccup but after Kirsty was hit by a truck in another of the soap's iconic storylines, leaving her with amnesia, she forgot ever loving Lionel and returned to ex-boyfriend Greg (Tim Balme). ",
"However the two reconciled and the 1996 season ended on their kiss. ",
"The two's reconciliation did not last long and the two were amidst divorcing when the plane they were in crashed in the 1997 cliffhanger. ",
"However, in 1998 Lionel finally decided he wanted to be with Kirsty, only to miss her by seconds when she left to live in Wellington.",
"\n\nLuke Billingham\nIn 1998 Lionel was shocked to discover he had fathered a son, 16-year-old Luke Billingham (Greg Freeman) when he himself was 16. ",
"Luke debuted as a \"shy, inarticulate country boy with an adventurous spirit\" who shockingly revealed to Lionel that he was his son. ",
"Though Lionel was in shock, he took Luke in, Leigh stated, \"Lionel’s struggling to get through it as fatherhood is thrust upon him. ",
"He just inherited a 16-year-old son unlike most people who get to watch their kids from a baby and slowly get used to them.\" ",
"The storyline proved to be hugely topical, with the amount of single parent families in the nineties was at an all-time high. ",
"Luke instantly got into trouble in his new home, he was involved in a robbery at Lionel's bar, drove Lionel's car without a driver's license and stole a credit card to access online pornography. ",
"Despite this, Leigh insisted Lionel was the best possible father, \"Lionel’s the best father. ",
"He talks through the troubles.\" ",
"After initially struggling to connect with Luke, when he was involved in a dramatic bus crash Lionel realised how much he loved his son and even went to the extent of cooking him gourmet school lunches. ",
"After only knowing each other a year, the father-son partnership was broken after Lionel died in scenes that Freeman described as, \"draining\". ",
"Luke soon became a father with his teenage bride, Josie Bergman (Karamia Muller) at age 16, similarly to his father Lionel.",
"\n\nReception\nThe character is remembered as hugely iconic and a fan favourite. ",
"He was named as one of the show's most successful comedic characters. ",
"Lionel was so well known, John Leigh was more recognized by some members of the public than Michael J. Fox. ",
"Leigh found the situation interesting, stating; \"I've got people recognizing me as Lionel who wouldn't have even been born when I was on Shortland Street.\" ",
"The relationship between Lionel and Mackenzie Choat was noted as odd by one reviewer who believed Lionel was too good for her. ",
"Lionel was voted as the 4th best character on the show in a 2002 article. ",
"with the reason given; \"he was such a cuddly old romantic. ",
"Because as a cupcake, he was as sexy as a bran muffin.\" ",
"In 2012, the character was named as one of the standout characters of the show's first 20 years. ",
"In 2017 New Zealand Herald columnist Ricardo Simich expressed his desire for Lionel to return for the soap opera's 25th anniversary. ",
"That same year stuff.co.nz journalist Fleur Mealing named Lionel as the 2nd character she most wanted to return for the show's 25th anniversary, citing her desire to determine whether he survived his apparent-death and for a chance to reunite with Kirsty.",
"\n\nThe storyline that saw Lionel's marriage to Kirsty being uplifted by Stuart Neilson has been named as an iconic episode. ",
"Rachel Lang listed Lionel and Kirsty's romance as one of her favourite storylines. ",
"Lionel's final scene has been hailed as iconic with the question constantly lingering among the show's fans, actors and even John Leigh himself, what truly happened to Lionel and if he will return. ",
"A 1995 episode saw Lionel come close to death after contracting tetanus and as a result, New Zealanders receiving tetanus shots that month more than doubled. ",
"The period surrounding Lionel's exit from the show, remains the highest rating episodes in the show's first 25 years.",
"\n\nLionel's return in 2017 was said to \"surprise\" fans.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Shortland Street characters\nCategory:Television characters introduced in 1993\nCategory:Fictional veterinarians\nCategory:Male characters in television"
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"\nPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have higher risks of subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and subsequent 30-day mortality. ",
"However, evidences regarding optimal mode of dialysis therapy during acute management are sparse. ",
"We aimed to compare the outcomes of ESRD patients who received continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) or extended hemodialysis (EHD) after SDH and determined factors associated with 30-day mortality. ",
"We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with SDH and ESRD in a medical center. ",
"The clinical parameters and outcomes were compared between CPD and EHD groups. ",
"Factors associated with 30-day mortality were analyzed. ",
"We reviewed 32 patients, including 22 received EHD, 8 received CPD, and 2 received continuous veno-venous hemodialysis. ",
"Neurosurgery was done in 9 (28%) of them. ",
"There was no significant difference in baseline parameters and outcomes between EHD and CPD groups. ",
"The overall 30-day mortality rate was 19%. ",
"Lower Glasgow coma scale (GCS, median [interquartile range]: 10 [7-12] vs. 15 [11-15], p = 0.02) and larger changes in absolute mean arterial pressure (MAP: 26.5 [10.5-46.0] vs. 7.5 [2.0-17.8] mmHg, p = 0.01) during the first dialysis therapy were noted in patients with 30-day mortality. ",
"In multivariate analysis, consciousness disturbance at presentation was an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality. ",
"Among ESRD patients with SDH, the 30-day mortality rates were similar between EHD and CPD groups. ",
"MAP change during dialysis might be an important modifiable risk factor for 30-day mortality, though the effect was not significant in multivariate analysis. ",
"Further prospective studies with larger sample size are warranted."
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"Q:\n\naSmack - MultiUserChat.getJoinedRooms returns empty iterator\n\nI'm working on an Android app that utilizes ASmack to send XMPP messages to and from a server in a background service. ",
" I can join a MultiUserChat (MUC) by calling MultiUserChat.join(connection.getUser());. ",
" I can confirm that I joined the chat by calling MultiUserChat.isJoined();, which returns true. ",
" Also, since I'm using www.hosted.im, I can see that I am in the conference room using their online UI. ",
" In another function, I try to retrieve the list of joined rooms, using MultiUserChat.getJoinedRooms(connection, connection.getUser());, but that returns an empty iterator.",
"\nprivate XMPPConnection connection;\n\n/*... Connect to server and login with username and password ...*/\n\npublic Iterator<String> getJoinedRooms() {\n Log.i(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Trying to get joined rooms\");\n Iterator<String> result = null;\n if(connection !",
"= null) {\n Log.i(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Returning joined chat rooms as \" + connection.getUser());\n result = MultiUserChat.getJoinedRooms(connection, connection.getUser());\n while(result.hasNext()) {\n Log.w(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, result.next());\n }\n } else {\n Log.e(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Cannot get joined rooms. ",
" Connection == NULL\");\n }\n\n if(result == null || (result !",
"= null && !",
"result.hasNext())) {\n ArrayList<String> resultArr = new ArrayList<String>();\n resultArr.add(getString(R.string.no_chat_rooms_joined));\n result = resultArr.iterator();\n Log.i(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Returning EMPTY ITERATOR for joined chat rooms\");\n }\n return result;\n}\n\npublic void joinRoom(String room) {\n if(connection !",
"= null) {\n Log.i(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Joining room \" + room);\n // Create a MultiUserChat using a Connection for a room\n MultiUserChat muc2 = new MultiUserChat(connection, \"testroom@conference.konstadtest.p1.im\");\n\n try {\n muc2.join(connection.getUser());\n muc2.grantVoice(connection.getUser());\n muc2.grantMembership(connection.getUser());\n if(muc2.isJoined())\n Log.w(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Joined room \" + room + \" as \" + connection.getUser());\n else\n Log.w(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Failed to join \" + room + \" as \" + connection.getUser());\n } catch (XMPPException e) {\n e.printStackTrace();\n Log.w(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Cannot join room \" + room);\n }\n } else {\n Log.w(ChatListActivity.",
"TAG, \"Cannot join room \" + room + \" because connection is NULL\");\n }\n}\n\nWhat am I doing wrong? ",
" I called SmackAndroid.init(getApplicationContext()); before calling anything else.",
"\nThank you for the help,\nChris\n\nA:\n\nWhat i did is that i add a packet listener after getting get joined rooms.. i was also getting an empty list but when i debug i check that the rooms was getting returned in the resultant xml stanze that was sent by the server therefore i manually add ha packet listener like this:\npublic void AddPacketListener(){\n PacketFilter filter = new IQTypeFilter(IQ.Type.",
"RESULT);\n MyService.getConnection().addPacketListener(new PacketListener() \n { \n public void processPacket(Packet paramPacket) {\n\n if(paramPacket.getFrom().equals(MyService.getConnection().getUser())){\n String xml=paramPacket.toXML();\n String from[];\n\n System.out.println(xml);\n from=paramPacket.getFrom().split(\"/\");\n Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(\"<item jid=\\\"(.*?)/>\");\n Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(xml);\n String parts[];\n\n Roomlist.clear();\n while (matcher.find()) { \n\n parts=matcher.group(1).split(\"@\");\n Roomlist.add(parts[0]);\n\n } \n return; \n }\n\n }\n },filter);\n\n}\n\n"
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"Are there Field Triage Criteria that Can Predict Low-Yield Air Medical Transports?",
"\nAir medical transport of trauma patients from the scene of injury plays a critical role in the delivery of severely injured patients to trauma centers. ",
"Over-triage of patients to trauma centers reduces the system efficiency and jeopardizes safety of air medical crews. ",
"The objective of this study was to determine which triage factors utilized by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers are strong predictors of early discharge for trauma patients transported by helicopter to a trauma center. ",
"A retrospective chart review over a two-year period was performed for trauma patients flown from the injury site into a Level I trauma center by an air medical transport program. ",
"Demographic and clinical data were collected on each patient. ",
"Prehospital factors such as Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), intubation status, mechanism of injury, anatomic injuries, physiologic parameters, and any combinations of these factors were investigated to determine which triage criteria accurately predicted early discharge. ",
"Hospital factors such as Injury Severity Score (ISS), length-of-stay (LOS), survival, and emergency department disposition were also collected. ",
"Early discharge was defined as a hospital stay of less than 24 hours in a patient who survives their injuries. ",
"A more stringent definition of appropriate triage was defined as a patient with in-hospital death, an ISS >15, those taken to the operating room (OR) or intensive care unit (ICU), or those receiving blood products. ",
"Those patients who failed to meet these criteria were also used to determine over-triage rates. ",
"An overall early discharge rate of 35% was found among the study population. ",
"Furthermore, when the more stringent definition was applied, over-triage rates were as high as 85%. ",
"Positive predictive values indicated that patients who met at least one anatomic and physiologic criteria were appropriately transported by helicopter as 94% of these patients had stays longer than 24 hours. ",
"No other criteria or combination of criteria had a high predictive value for early discharge. ",
"No individual triage criteria or combination of criteria examined demonstrated the ability to uniformly predict an early discharge. ",
"Although helicopter transport and subsequent hospital care is costly and resource consuming, it appears that a significant number of patients will be discharged within 24 hours of their transport to a trauma center. ",
"Future studies must determine the impact of eliminating \"low-yield\" triage criteria on under-triage of scene trauma patients."
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"PPOA Statement on ALADS’ Endorsement of Alex Villanueva\n\nSeptember 21, 2018\n\nOn August 8, the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs (ALADS) announced its endorsement of Alex Villanueva for sheriff.",
"\n\nWe have received several inquiries about PPOA’s position and whether we will follow ALADS’ endorsement of Villanueva. ",
"Although PPOA believes there is greater strength in both unions endorsing the same candidate, we did not have any discussions with ALADS prior to its announcement.",
"\n\nWe do not believe an endorsement should be decided without proper research and careful analysis; PPOA will not alter its protocols and procedures for endorsement. ",
"Here is our process:\n\nWe have already held a debate between the candidates, and it can be viewed at PPOA.com.",
"\n\nWe are in the process of conducting public polling; this will help determine the viability of each candidate and the impact of their strengths and weaknesses on voters.",
"\n\nWe will examine campaign data; this includes fundraising, independent expenditure committees and endorsements from other groups.",
"\n\nWe will ask PPOA members whom they believe PPOA should endorse. ",
"The results from this information gathering will be given to PPOA’s endorsement committee for final recommendation to the PPOA Board of Directors.",
"\n\nThere is a reason why PPOA has had great success with its endorsement process in past elections. ",
"We are thorough in our process and calculated in our decision-making, and we are not willing to compromise our process.",
"\n\nI am asking all PPOA members to be patient with our process. ",
"If you have a question that you would like asked of either candidate, please email them to me at bmoriguchi@ppoa.com.",
"\n\nThis election is very important for PPOA members specifically and for public safety in general — it should not be taken lightly. ",
"We must support the best candidate to lead the largest sheriff ’s department in the world and ensure that they possess the qualities we want in a sheriff. ",
"If you have any questions, please contact me."
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"\nHelp would be much appreciated. ",
"\nAll the best\n\nA:\n\nMaybe loop over file names directly:\nfor i in chr*.vcf.gz\ndo \n bcftools index -t -f $i \ndone \n\n"
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"1. ",
"Field\nExemplary embodiments relate to a wireless communication system, and particularly, to a method and apparatus for configuring Media Access Control (MAC) information and transmitting and receiving the configured MAC information in a wireless communication system that supports communication between terminals (Device to Device communication).",
"\n2. ",
"Discussion of the Background\nCommunication between terminals (Device to Device (D2D) communication) is a communication scheme that has been utilized from the days of analog radio set, which has a long history. ",
"However, communication between terminals in a wireless communication system is distinguished from existing communication between terminals.",
"\nThe communication between terminals in the wireless communication system refers to communication in which terminals utilize transmission/reception technologies of the wireless communication system in the frequency band of the wireless communication system or other bands, and directly exchange user data without using an infrastructure (for example, a base station). ",
"This may allow wireless communication in an area outside the limited wireless communication infrastructure, and may reduce loads on the network of the wireless communication system.",
"\nHowever, for the communication between terminals in the wireless communication system, a terminal needs to determine which terminal transmits received data, and is required to determine whether the received data corresponds to data that the terminal should receive. ",
"In addition, the terminal needs to identify a logical channel to which each received data belongs. ",
"However, the current wireless communication system does not support them.",
"\nThe above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form any part of the prior art nor what the prior art may suggest to a person of ordinary skill in the art."
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"Q:\n\nSolve an equation with an unknown vector\n\nLet's assume that $a$ is an $n\\times1$ vector and $A_1$ and $A_2$ are $n\\times n$ hermitian matrix how can I find unknown vector $a$ in equation\n${a^HA_1a}={a^HA_2a}$ ?",
"\n\nA:\n\nFirst of all note that $a = 0$ solves the problem for all matrices $A_1$ and $A_2$. As I believe that you are looking for nontrivial solutions, let me propose the following:\nNote that both $A_1$ and $A_2$ are hermitian, that means that $A = A_1 - A_2$ is hermitian, too. ",
"Now note that finding your vector is equivalent to finding a (non-trivial) vector that satisfies $a^H A a = 0$. Thanks to the hermiticity of $A$, we may (pseudo) diagonalize $A$ using a diagonalization of the form $A = P D P^H$ with $D$ diagonal (containing the eigenvalues in the right order corresponding to $P$). ",
"If we introduce $b = P^H a$, the problem reduces to $b^H D b = 0$. Let $b = \\left(b_1, b_2, \\ldots, b_n \\right)^T$, if $D$ contains $\\lambda_i$ on the $i$th diagonal entry, the problem reduces to finding $b_1,\\ldots,b_n$ such that $\\lambda_1 \\vert b_1 \\vert^2 + \\ldots + \\lambda_n \\vert b_n \\vert^2 = 0$. Note that if $\\lambda_i$ is zero, one solution is a vector containing zeros and a one on the $i$th spot. ",
"This would correspong to $A_1$ and $A_2$ having a simultaneous zero eigenvector. ",
"If $\\lambda_i$ is positive and $\\lambda_j$ is negative, another solution would be a vector containing a one in the $i$-th position and $\\pm \\sqrt{\\frac{\\lambda_i}{\\lambda_j}}$ in the $j$-th position. ",
"You can also see that there may not be a solution if $A$ is positive definite and that if a solution exists, it may not be a unique.",
"\nAfter you have found a $b$, you can transform it back via $a = P b$.\n\n"
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" NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.",
"\n UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL\n AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.",
"\n\n\n\n\n IN THE\n ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS\n DIVISION ONE\n\n\n STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,\n\n v.\n\n MANUEL PACHECO, Appellant.",
"\n\n No. ",
"1 CA-CR 16-0905\n FILED 12-28-2017\n\n\n Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County\n No. ",
"CR2014-155711-001 DT\n The Honorable Margaret M. Mahoney, Judge\n\n AFFIRMED\n\n\n COUNSEL\n\nArizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix\nBy Joseph T. Maziarz\nCounsel for Appellee\n\nMaricopa County Office of the Legal Advocate, Phoenix\nBy Kerri L. Chamberlin\nCounsel for Appellant\n\f STATE v. PACHECO\n Decision of the Court\n\n\n\n MEMORANDUM DECISION\n\nJudge Maria Elena Cruz delivered the decision of the Court, in which\nPresiding Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop and Judge Diane M. Johnsen joined.",
"\n\n\nC R U Z, Judge:\n\n¶1 This appeal is filed in accordance with Anders v. California, 386\nU.S. 738 (1967), and State v. Leon, 104 Ariz. 297 (1969). ",
"Counsel for Manuel\nPacheco has advised this Court that counsel found no arguable questions\nof law and asks us to search the record for fundamental error. ",
"Pacheco was\nconvicted of first-degree murder; Arizona Revised Statute (“A.R.S.”)\nsection 13-1105(A)(1). ",
"Pacheco was given an opportunity to file a\nsupplemental brief in propria persona; he has not done so. ",
"After reviewing\nthe record, we affirm Pacheco’s conviction and sentence.",
"\n\n FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY\n\n¶2 We view the facts in the light most favorable to sustaining the\njudgment and resolve all reasonable inferences against Pacheco. ",
"See State\nv. Fontes, 195 Ariz. 229, 230, ¶ 2 (App. ",
"1998).",
"\n\n¶3 In mid-November 2014, Pacheco came to believe that his\ncousin, the victim, had inappropriately touched his mentally challenged\nolder brother, Jose. ",
"Pacheco searched for and found his father’s gun, with\na plan to kill the victim. ",
"On November 23, Pacheco biked to Los Olivos Car\nWash where the victim worked, walked up to the victim, and shot and\nkilled him. ",
"Witnesses described Pacheco’s demeanor as determined, but\notherwise calm. ",
"After shooting his cousin, Pacheco told witnesses to call\nthe police, walked towards Central, and sat waiting until the police arrived.",
"\nPacheco waved down police, stated he shot the victim, and was arrested; a\ngun was found by him. ",
"Pacheco was interviewed and admitted he shot the\nvictim. ",
"Pacheco was indicted on one count of first-degree murder.",
"\n\n¶4 At trial, the victim’s coworkers and witnesses testified,\nidentifying Pacheco as the shooter. ",
"Shell casings and bullet fragments\nrecovered at the scene matched the gun and magazine found by Pacheco at\nthe time of his arrest. ",
"Bullet fragments recovered from the victim’s body\nalso matched the type of gun, although the examiner could not match the\nfragments with the gun due to their condition. ",
"Pacheco presented a defense\n\n\n\n 2\n\f STATE v. PACHECO\n Decision of the Court\n\nthat he shot the victim as justification. ",
"Pacheco’s relatives testified that\nPacheco shot the victim because the victim had sexually touched Pacheco’s\nmentally challenged older brother, Jose. ",
"The detective who interviewed\nJose stated that Jose never indicated he was touched inappropriately, and\nPacheco’s mother testified that she never saw anything inappropriate\nbetween the victim and Jose. ",
"The interviewing detective testified that\nPacheco stated he could read minds, and that was how he determined the\nvictim had inappropriately touched Jose. ",
"Jose testified that the morning of\nthe incident, he had a conversation with Pacheco in his room before Pacheco\nleft and that Pacheco told Jose he was going to shoot the victim. ",
"Due to his\nmental state, Jose had trouble testifying, but did reference that the victim\nwould touch him inappropriately, although Jose also said that he believed\nif he said that the victim touched him then Pacheco would be able to go\nhome. ",
"The jury was presented verdict forms for first-degree murder,\nsecond-degree, and manslaughter. ",
"At the close of trial, the jury returned a\nverdict of guilty as to first-degree murder.",
"\n\n¶5 The superior court conducted the sentencing hearing in\ncompliance with Pacheco’s constitutional rights and Arizona Rule of\nCriminal Procedure 26. ",
"The State submitted the following aggravating\nfactors: that the offense involved a deadly weapon; the offense caused\nphysical, emotional, or financial harm to the victim or his family; the offense\ninvolved lying in wait; and the offense involved domestic violence; all of\nwhich were found to be proven by the jury. ",
"Although the court recognized\nmitigating factors, the court properly sentenced Pacheco for natural life\npursuant to A.R.S. § 13-752(A). ",
"Pacheco timely appealed.",
"\n\n DISCUSSION\n\n¶6 We review Pacheco’s conviction and sentence for\nfundamental error. ",
"See State v. Flores, 227 Ariz. 509, 512, ¶ 12 (App. ",
"2011).",
"\nCounsel for Pacheco has advised this Court that after a diligent search of\nthe entire record, counsel has found no arguable question of law. ",
"We have\nread and considered counsel’s brief and fully reviewed the record for\nreversible error, see Leon, 104 Ariz. at 300, and find none. ",
"All of the\nproceedings were conducted in compliance with the Arizona Rules of\nCriminal Procedure. ",
"So far as the record reveals, counsel represented\nPacheco at all stages of the proceedings, and the sentence imposed was\nwithin the statutory guidelines. ",
"We decline to order briefing and affirm\nPacheco’s conviction and sentence.",
"\n\n¶7 Upon the filing of this decision, defense counsel shall inform\nPacheco of the status of the appeal and of his future options. ",
"Counsel has\n\n\n 3\n\f STATE v. PACHECO\n Decision of the Court\n\nno further obligations unless, upon review, counsel finds an issue\nappropriate for submission to the Arizona Supreme Court by petition for\nreview. ",
"See State v. Shattuck, 140 Ariz. 582, 584-85 (1984). ",
"Pacheco shall have\n30 days from the date of this decision to proceed, if he desires, with a pro\nper motion for reconsideration or petition for review.",
"\n\n CONCLUSION\n\n¶8 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Pacheco’s conviction and\nsentence.",
"\n\n\n\n\n AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court\n FILED: JT\n\n 4\n\f"
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"I\nread a little bit of this book.",
"However,I did not read all the\nchapter .Mr and Mrs Dursley.",
"Mrs Dursley were the sister of Mrs\npotter but they hadn't met for several years.",
"In fact,Mrs\nDursley pretended she didn't a sister,because her sister and\nher good for nothing husband were as undursleyish as it was\nanother good reason for keeping the potters away ,they didn't\nwant dudley mixing with a child like that.",
"The child were with\nMr and Mrs Dursley and named him harry potter. ",
"Nice Jane\nSeymour table lamps. ",
"This is exactly what happens to young\nHarry Potter and the sorcere's stone.",
"Harry is a nobody,\ntreated like dirt by the aunt and uncle who begradgingly\ninterited him whan his parents were killed by the evil\nvoldernort.",
"Mysterious powers to remind him that he's\nquite,yes,altogether different from his aunt,uncle and\nspoiled,piglike cousin Dudley.this is the little bit I read.",
"\n\nLord Voldemort killed Harry\nPotter's parents so Harry was sent to live with hid muggle\naunt, uncle, and cousin. ",
"Ten years later Harry shows\nremarkable signs of being a wizard. ",
"Around that time letters\nfrom \"no one\" appeared. ",
"These letters make Harrys aunt and\nunlce angry and worried. ",
"So they take Harry and his cousin to\na house on the rocks. ",
"At twelve o'clock\nin the morning on Harry's eleventh birthday Hagrid comes to\nget Harry to take him to learn magic at Hogwarts. ",
"They first\nhave to go to Digon Alley to get his supplies. ",
"On the train\nheaded to Hogwarts Harry makes a close friend Ronadle (Ron)\nWesley, but also makes an enemie Draco Malfoy. ",
"Malfoy is put\ninto Slytherine while Harry and Ron are put into Griffindor\nalong with Hermione Granger a \"know it all girl\" that they\ndont really like at first. ",
"In Harrys first potions class he\nlearns thean the theacher, Snape, hates him! ",
"Harry later\nlearns that he also hates Snape.",
"\nOne day at luch Harry is provokes by Malfoy. ",
"So Jane Seymour\nat that night they go off to duel him in the trophy room.",
"\nMalfoy doesnt show up, but Filtch the care taker does. ",
"So\nHarry, Ron, Hermione, and Neivell run from him and they\nstumble across Fulffy a big three headed dog thats guarding\nsomething.",
"\nOn Halloween Quirell lets a troll into the school. ",
"While all\nthe teachers are going to the dungeons to fight the troll\nsnape heads to the third floor. ",
"Hermione however doesnt know\nabout the troll because Ron made her cry so she was in the\nbathroom the hole time. ",
"Harry and Ron go and safe Hermione who\nthen lies to a teacher to keep Harry and Ron out of trouble.",
"\nAfter that Harry, Ron, and Hermione where best friends."
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"Scyllarides latus\n\nScyllarides latus, the Mediterranean slipper lobster, is a species of slipper lobster found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. ",
"It is edible and highly regarded as food, but is now rare over much of its range due to overfishing. ",
"Adults may grow to long, are camouflaged, and have no claws. ",
"They are nocturnal, emerging from caves and other shelters during the night to feed on molluscs. ",
"As well as being eaten by humans, S. latus is also preyed upon by a variety of bony fish. ",
"Its closest relative is S. herklotsii, which occurs off the Atlantic coast of West Africa; other species of Scyllarides occur in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Indo-Pacific. ",
"The larvae and young animals are largely unknown.",
"\n\nDistribution\nScyllarus latus is found along most of the coast of the Mediterranean Sea (one exception being the northern Adriatic Sea), and in parts of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from near Lisbon in Portugal south to Senegal, including the islands of Madeira, the Azores, the Selvagens Islands and the Cape Verde Islands. ",
"In Senegal, it occurs together with a related species Scyllarides herklotsii, which it closely resembles.",
"\n\nDescription\nS. latus can grow to a total body length about , although rarely more than . ",
"This is equivalent to a carapace length of up to . ",
"An individual may weigh as much as . ",
"As in all slipper lobsters, the second pair of antennae are enlarged and flattened into \"shovels\" or \"flippers\". ",
"Despite the name \"lobster\", slipper lobsters such as Scyllarides latus have no claws, and nor do they have the protective spines of spiny lobsters. ",
"Instead, the exoskeleton, and particularly the carapace, are thicker than in clawed lobsters and spiny lobsters, acting as resilient armour. ",
"Adults are cryptically coloured, and the carapace is covered in conspicuous, high tubercles.",
"\n\nEcology\n\nSubstrate\nS. latus lives on rocky or sandy substrates at depths of . ",
"They shelter during the day in natural dens, on the ceilings of caves, or in reefs, preferring situations with more than one entrance or exit.",
"\n\nDiet\nThe diet of S. latus consists generally of molluscs. ",
"The preferred prey is, according to different sources, either limpets or bivalves. ",
"The prey, which S. latus can detect even under of sediment, is opened by careful use of the strong pointed pereiopods. ",
"They will also eat oysters and squid, but not sea urchins or muricid snails. ",
"They eat more in warmer seasons, getting through 3.2 oysters per day in July, but only 0.2 oysters per day in January.",
"\n\nPredators\n\nThe most significant predator of S. latus is the grey triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, although a number of other fish species have also been reported to prey on S. latus, including dusky groupers (Epinephelus guaza), combers (Serranus spp.), ",
"Mediterranean rainbow wrasse (Coris julis), red groupers (Epinephelus morio) and gag groupers (Mycteroperca microlepis). ",
"An Octopus vulgaris has been observed to eat S. latus in an artificial setting, but it is unclear whether S. latus is preyed on by octopuses in nature.",
"\n\nLife cycle\nMale Scyllarus latus carry spermatophores at the base of the last two pairs of pereiopods in April. ",
"Fertilisation has not been observed in this species, but most reptant decapods mate with the ventral surfaces together. ",
"Between July and August, females carry around 100,000 eggs on their enlarged, feathery pleopods. ",
"The eggs develop from being a bright orange colour to a dark brown before being shed into the water after around 16 days of development. ",
"There is normally only one generation per year.",
"\n\nThe larvae are much less well known than the adults. ",
"An initial long naupliosoma stage, which swims using its antennae, moults into the first of eleven phyllosoma stages, which swim using their thoracic legs. ",
"The last phyllosoma stage may reach a size of and can be up to 11 months old; most of the intermediate phyllosoma stages have not been observed. ",
"A single nisto (juvenile has been recorded, having been caught off Reggio Calabria in 1900, but only recognised as being a juvenile S. latus in 2009. ",
"Young adults are also rare; a museum specimen with a carapace length of is the smallest adult yet observed. ",
"Adults moult annually, and probably migrate to cooler waters with a temperature of to do so. ",
"The old exoskeleton softens over a period of 10–22 days before being shed, and the new, pale exoskeleton takes around three weeks to harden completely. ",
"Smaller individuals typically gain weight over the course of a moult, but this difference is less pronounced in larger animals.",
"\n\nBehaviour\nScyllarides latus is mostly nocturnal in the wild, since most of its predators are diurnal. ",
"While sheltering, S. latus tends to be gregarious, with several individuals sharing the same shelter. ",
"When confronted with a predator, S. latus has no claws or spines to repel the predator, and instead either clings to the substrate, or swims away with powerful flexion of the abdomen, or \"tail-flips\". ",
"Larger lobsters can exert a stronger grip than smaller ones, with a force of up to 150 newtons (equivalent to a weight of ) required to dislodge the largest individuals.",
"\n\nPredator avoidance may also explain the frequent behaviour where S. latus will carry food items back to a shelter before consuming them. ",
"When two S. latus individuals compete for a food item, they may use the enlarged second antennae to flip their opponent over, by wedging the antennae underneath the opponent's body and quickly raising them. ",
"An alternative strategy is to grip an opponent and begin the tail-flipping movement, or to engage in a tug of war.",
"\n\nTaxonomy\nScyllarides latus was originally classified in the genus Scyllarus, along with the four other slipper lobsters known at the time (Scyllarus arctus, Scyllarides aequinoctialis, Thenus orientalis and Arctides guineensis). ",
"Separate genera were first introduced by William Elford Leach in 1815, namely Thenus and Ibacus. ",
"In 1849, Wilhem de Haan divided the genus Scyllarus into two genera, Scyllarus and Arctus, but made the error of including the type species of Scyllarus in the genus Arctus. ",
"This was first recognised by the ichthyologist Theodore Gill in 1898, who synonymised Arctus with Scyllarus, and erected a new genus Scyllarides to hold the species that De Haan had placed in Scyllarus. ",
"Scyllarides is placed in the subfamily Arctidinae, which is differentiated from other subfamilies by the presence of multiarticulated exopods on all three maxillipeds, and a three-segmented palp on the mandible. ",
"The only other genus in the subfamily, Arctides, is distinguished by having a more highly sculptured carapace, with an extra spine behind each eye, and a transverse groove on the first segment of the abdomen.",
"\n\nThe only other species of Scyllarides to occur in the Eastern Atlantic is Scyllarides herklotsii, which differs from S. latus mostly in the ornamentation on the carapace; while in S. latus the tubercles (lumps projecting from the surface) are high and pronounced, they are lower and more rounded in S. herklotsii.",
"\n\nType specimen\n\nThe type locality given by Pierre André Latreille in his original description of the species was simply \"Mediterranée\" (Mediterranean Sea), without designating a type specimen. ",
"Lipke Holthuis later chose a lectotype for the species, which was the animal illustrated by Cornelius Sittardus, and published in Conrad Gesner's Historiae animalium in 1558 (book 4, p. 1097). ",
"This illustration, originally a watercolour but reproduced by Gesner in a woodcut, had been mentioned by Latreille in his description as being particularly fine, and is all that remains of the type specimen. ",
"Given that Sittardus was working in Rome at the time, it is likely that the type specimen was a fresh specimen from the Tyrrhenian Sea near Rome.",
"\n\nHuman consumption\nS. latus is edible, but it is a relatively rare species, and is therefore of little interest to fisheries. ",
"However, it is caught in small numbers throughout its distribution, mostly in trammel nets, by trawling and in lobster pots. ",
"An annual catch of has been reported for Israel. ",
"Catching by hand has become increasingly frequent, since the advent of SCUBA diving made the animal's habitat more accessible to humans. ",
"This may have affected population sizes of S. latus in some areas.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:Achelata\nCategory:Edible crustaceans\nCategory:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean\nCategory:Crustaceans described in 1802"
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"[Sacroiliitis:the key symptom of spondylarthropathies. ",
"2: morphological aspects].",
"\nBecause of their curved course and segmental convolution of articular surfaces, the anatomy of the sacroiliac joints is complex. ",
"An important part of the diagnosis of sacroiliitis of spondyloarthropathy patients relies on radiographic imaging techniques: x-ray, conventional tomography, computed tomography (CT) and scintigraphy. ",
"Diagnosis can be difficult in early and acute stages of sacroiliitis because radiographic findings may be normal, although dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints certainly enables to detect chronic as well as acute inflammatory changes. ",
"In spondyloarthropathy patients with acute sacroiliitis or acute exacerbation of chronic sacroiliitis who do not respond to or do not tolerate non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, CT-guided corticosteroid injection into the sacroiliac joints has proved to be an effective therapy."
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"# SACountingLabel\n\n\n\n[](http://cocoapods.org/pods/SACountingLabel)\n[](http://cocoapods.org/pods/SACountingLabel)\n[](http://cocoapods.org/pods/SACountingLabel)\n\nSACountingLabel is a highly customizable animated UILabel that can count, inspired by Tim Gostony's [UICountingLabel](https://github.com/dataxpress/UICountingLabel). ",
"Originally created as an animated UI component for a game to display scores, SACountingLabel supports the use of various formats such as percentages, currencies and multiple decimal places. ",
"It can also be modified to use different animation modes such as linear, ease in, ease out as well as ease in and out. ",
"\n\n<img src=\"https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/11940172/11767479/9730af98-a1e9-11e5-9a0e-0de09d872051.gif\" alt=\"int\" width=\"320\" height=\"70.5\">\n\n<img src=\"https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/11940172/11767480/98bd0ee2-a1e9-11e5-9192-e2329177164e.gif\" alt=\"float\" width=\"320\" height=\"70.5\">\n\n<img src=\"https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/11940172/11767481/9a729c7a-a1e9-11e5-9d43-98e69026796d.gif\" alt=\"custom\" width=\"320\" height=\"70.5\">\n\n## Installation\n\nSACountingLabel is available through [CocoaPods](http://cocoapods.org). ",
"To install\nit, simply add the following line to your Podfile:\n\n```swift\npod \"SACountingLabel\"\n```\n\nAnd then run:\n\n`$ pod install`\n\n#### Manual Installation\nTo manually install SACountingLabel, simply add `SACountingLabel.swift` to your project.",
"\n\n## Example\n\nTo run the example project, clone the repo, and run `pod install` from the Example directory first.",
"\n\n## Usage\n\nCreating a SACountingLabel is the same as creating a UILabel:\n\n```swift\nlet label = SACountingLabel(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 50))\n```\n\nOr add it to your storyboard or XIB file and set the class type to `SACountingLabel` instead of `UILabel`.",
"\n\nThis is the general syntax for counting from a start value to an end value for a specified counting and animation style.",
"\n\n```swift\nlabel.countFrom(0, to: 100, withDuration: 1.0, andAnimationType: .EaseIn, andCountingType: .Int)\n```\n\n#### Start Value\nThe start value is a `float` value that the counting begins from.",
"\n\n#### End Value\nThe end value is a `float` value where the counting ends.",
"\n\n#### Duration\nThe duration is a `float` value for the length of the animation in seconds.",
"\n\n#### Animation Type\nThere are four animation types - linear, ease in, ease out, as well as ease in and ease out.",
"\n\n##### `.Linear`\nCounts from the start value to the end value at a constant speed.",
"\n\n<img src=\"https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/11940172/11767417/ca894fb4-a1e7-11e5-937b-4935a06739f1.gif\" alt=\"linear\" width=\"320\" height=\"70.5\">\n\n##### `.EaseIn`\nStarts counting from the start value slowly and speeds up as it approaches the end value.",
"\n\n<img src=\"https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/11940172/11767419/cfa6650e-a1e7-11e5-82b3-8accbc17b5b6.gif\" alt=\"easein\" width=\"320\" height=\"70.5\">\n\n##### `.EaseOut`\nStarts counting from the start value quickly and slows down as it approaches the end value.",
"\n\n<img src=\"https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/11940172/11767418/cf99bf16-a1e7-11e5-8a22-9da9fc42c51b.gif\" alt=\"easeout\" width=\"320\" height=\"70.5\">\n\n\n##### `.EaseInOut`\nStarts counting from the start value slowly, speeds up towards the middle, and slows down again as it approaches the end value.",
"\n\n<img src=\"https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/11940172/11767421/d0f75e2c-a1e7-11e5-926d-3d65ee9d6cc9.gif\" alt=\"easeinout\" height=\"70.5\">\n\n#### Counting Type\nThere are three counting types - integer, floating point and custom.",
"\n\n##### `.Int`\nThis will result in counting by integers.",
"\n`0, 1, 2,..., 100`\n\n##### `.Float`\nThis will result in counting using floating points, with a default of 2 decimal places.",
"\n`0.00, 0.01, 0.02,..., 100`\n\n##### `.Custom`\nThis allows you to specify a custom format for the counting. ",
"You will have to set the format like this:\n\n```swift\nlabel.format = \"%.1f%%\"\n```\n\nThis will result in `0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%,..., 100%`.",
"\n\nFormats like `\"$%.2f\"` and `\"%i points\"` can be used as well.",
"\n\n\n## License\n\nCopyright (c) 2015 Sudeep Agarwal and Tim Gostony\n\nPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\nof this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\nin the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\nto use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\ncopies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\nfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n\nThe above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\nall copies or substantial portions of the Software.",
"\n\nTHE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\nIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\nFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. ",
"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\nAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\nLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\nOUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN\nTHE SOFTWARE.",
"\n"
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"\n\nHe said: \"We need to agree rapidly by June on the scope of all-island customs and regulations, the safety and controls that we need to respect the single market.\"",
"\n\nRead More\n\nThis summer's meeting of European leaders in Brussels would be a \"stepping stone\" for the final summit in October, which is the deadline for reaching an agreement on withdrawal, he added.",
"\n\nA joint report on the UK's withdrawal agreed in December by Prime Minister Theresa May and European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker included both British proposals, along with a third \"backstop\" option which would keep Northern Ireland in the customs union.",
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"No more, no less. ",
"We are seeking practical, practical and operational, solutions to a complex problem. ",
"No more, no less.",
"\n\n(Image: PA)\n\nRead More\n\nBut a version published by the EU in February and agreed by the EU27 last month contained only the \"backstop\", effectively drawing a customs border down the Irish Sea, which a furious Mrs May said \"no British prime minister could ever agree\".",
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"\n\n\"We want to succeed with the UK, not against the UK.",
"\n\n\"Together with the Irish government we are looking for practical solutions.\"",
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"\n\nAfter delivering the keynote speech during a meeting of the Irish government-hosted All-Island Civic Dialogue on Brexit in Dundalk, Mr Barnier crosses the frontier to Newry in Co Down for meetings with business leaders.",
"\n\nOn Tuesday he will visit the other, north-western end of the porous 310-mile border at Londonderry.",
"\n\nArlene Foster (Image: PA)\n\nDUP leader Arlene Foster has said Mr Barnier did not understand unionist culture.",
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"\n\n\"We have tried to get him to understand the unionist position for the people of Northern Ireland, but he hasn't really responded to that and I'm disappointed about that.\"",
"\n\nIn response, Mr Barnier said: \"My door is open.\"",
"\n\nAsked if the visit was \"helpful\", the Prime Minister's official spokesman said: \"It's a matter for Michel Barnier where he chooses to spend his Monday mornings.\""
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"Adam Burish Survives Having His Neck Cut By Skate Blade\n\nTotal Pro Sports -This is exactly the reason why all hockey players, young and old should wear neck guards. ",
"Protect yourself from serious injury and possible death.",
"Do not be a hero. ",
"Have a look to see how close Burish from the Chicago Blackhawks came to a potentially hazardous situation.",
"\n\nIn yesterday’s Game 1 of the Stanley Cup finals between the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Blackhawks, forward Adam Burish of the Blackhawks was against the boards when his teammate Ben Eager’s skate came up hitting him in the neck causing lacerations that could have ended his career or even worse his life.",
"\n\nBen Eager fell over a Detroit Red Wings player and accidentally hit Burrish in the neck with his skate. ",
"Thankfully Adam Burrish was able to skate off the ice with only neck scrapes. ",
"If you don’t believe us all you have to do is listen to the tone of the commentator’s voice,\n\n“This is terrifying, close your eyes if you don’t like it.”",
"\n\nThis also happened to Richard Zednik of the Florida Panthers back in 2008 and luckily for him he made the quick decision to skate to his trainer on the bench, who then controlled the bleeding, while his neck was gushing. (",
"Video after the jump ) Hockey is a dangerous sport if you don’t take the necessary precautions to protect yourself and your body with the equipment approved by government standards.",
"\n\ntake a look for yourself and see what we mean…..We warn you if you have a weak stomach please do not watch this video!",
"\n\nFlorida Panthers Neck Cut By Skate Blade\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nShare This"
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"\n\nAnd as he, like the rest of us, quickly discovered, working out while stuck at home can be quite the challenge — especially with someone dominating his condo complex’s community gym.",
"\n\nWhile Franklin could share the gym with others, he’s choosing not to.",
"\n\n[ Coronavirus: How the sports world is responding to the pandemic ]\n\nNot only is he a bit of a germaphobe, but his youngest daughter has sickle cell anemia, something that significantly increases her risk of catching the coronavirus.",
"\n\nSo after days of frustration not being able to work out, Franklin took matters into his own hands.",
"\n\n“We won’t go in the weight room with other people in there,” Franklin said Wednesday, via the York Daily Record. “",
"And so I took the 25-pound [dumbbells] and brought them up to our condo because I couldn’t get in there. ",
"A guy was dominating the weightroom.”",
"\n\nWhile the move solved Franklin’s problem, it didn’t sit well with the gym’s frequent visitor.",
"\n\n“He left a nasty note in there,” Franklin said, via the York Daily Record. “",
"He said, ‘Whoever stole the 25-pound weights, could you bring them back?’ ",
"So then I wrote a little note that said, ‘Well, could you stop dominating the weightroom for three hours a day?’ ”",
"\n\nHome backpack workouts\n\nWhen he’s not exercising at his condo, or stealing workout equipment, Franklin has been working with his staff to ensure that every Penn State player is both safe and in a good situation during the coronavirus pandemic — which has canceled spring football workouts and forced all university classes to go online.",
"\n\nFranklin, who is going into his seventh year at Penn State while boasting an impressive 56-23 record with the Nittany Lions, has also sent them at-home workout ideas. ",
"They’re even suggesting bodyweight workouts where players wear backpacks carrying anything they can find to increase resistance, per the report.",
"\n\nThough it’s at the back of nearly everyone’s minds, there is still a college football season to prepare for. ",
"And Franklin wants to be ready\n\n“We’re still competing with all the other top programs in the country, and the best programs and the best individuals are going to handle this adversity the best,” Franklin said, via the York Daily Record. “",
"And I would like to try to even flip it in some ways and say, if it’s handled the right way, we have an opportunity to learn from this, to grow from this.”",
"\n\nView photos His condo’s gym was packed. ",
"So, James Franklin “borrowed” a pair of dumbbells so he could still workout amid the coronavirus pandemic. (",
"Matthew Holst/Getty Images) More\n\nMore from Yahoo Sports:"
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"Also is there any danger with coils recoil?",
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"Circadian variation in cell-adhesion molecule expression by normal human leukocytes.",
"\nAdhesion molecules located on the surface of blood-borne leukocytes permit adherence of leukocytes to the microvascular endothelium, diapedesis of leukocytes across vessel walls, formation of intimate multicell interactions, and enhanced transmembrane signal transduction. ",
"Since some leukocyte-mediated immune functions exhibit nocturnal intensification, the current study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that expression of selected cell adhesion molecules (CAM) varies with circadian periodicity. ",
"Blood was collected from normal human donors over a 24-h period and CAM expression by monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes evaluated by monoclonal antibody binding and flow cytometry. ",
"All leukocyte classes exhibited significant circadian-like variation (p < 0.05) in CD62L (L-selectin) expression. ",
"Similarly, a diurnal variation (p < 0.05) in monocyte and neutrophil CD54 (ICAM-1) was observed. ",
"Finally, neutrophils demonstrated a circadian-like variation (p < 0.05) in CD11a (LFA-1a). ",
"The rhythmic alterations in CAM expression may be clinically relevant, since changes in CAM expression have the potential to modulate the leukocyte-induced pathogenesis associated with disease progressions such as nocturnal asthma, the nighttime exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis, and the high nocturnal incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular crisis."
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"The Star Hotel, Church Street, Parramatta – Centenary Square\n\n3 Sep, 2014\n\nThe Star Hotel, not one of Parramatta’s earliest or oldest hotels, but certainly one of its longest trading, had been through a number of changes when it began trading sometime around 1843 at what is now 146 Church Street Parramatta. ",
"Early proprietors of the hotel were John Horgan, James Watsford and John Holland.",
"\n\nStar Hotel 1860s. ",
"A Jubilee History of Parramatta 1911.",
"\n\nA 1902 newspaper article claims that the Star Hotel was constructed around 1820\n\n… by Mr. Start (bother of the late Mrs. Houison) who opened it as a bakers shop. ",
"Later on Mr. Blake ran it as a pub and bakery, and dispensed the rival staffs of life (bread and rum). ",
"Old Jack Holland got into it about 1858, and Mrs. Harriet Holland kept it going until 1888, when Mr. Waddell, State Treasurer, bought it through Mr. John Taylor.[1]\n\nThe first building was a simple two storey building. ",
"Located on its southern side, at what was the Connection Arcade, was J. Craig Monument and headstone maker, as can be seen in the photograph above. ",
"Standing in this same photograph could be ‘Jack’ Holland. ",
"A reporter from the Cumberland Argus was right on the money when he described Holland as a ‘bit of a character’ a how on most days Jack could be found sitting at the watering trough in front of the Hotel wearing, … his cabbage-tree hat, doeskin pants, frill shirt and velvet vest. [",
"2]\n\nIt appears Mr. Holland was also a keen horticulturist who often visited the nursery run by Silas Sheather in Camellia and this in turn created his long running war with the local cats. ",
"This was because Jack insisted they dug up the pot plants he grew on his property. ",
"In one vivid account the Argus describes how Jack at one time spied a guilty-looking feline from the back of his property. ",
"Grabbing his shotgun he fired down the hall dispatching the cat and leaving a bullet hole in the Hotel’s signage.[3]\n\nIn 1902 the original Star Hotel was demolished to make way for the construction of new three storey building owned by Tooth’s Brewery Co.[4]\n\nThe second version of the Star Hotel 1911. ",
"A Jubilee History of Parramatta 1911.",
"\n\nIn 1938 Tooths announced that the Star Hotel building would be demolished after only 36 years to make way for a new art deco style hotel. ",
"It will be “a Palace compared to the Star that provided for man and beast in the very early days.” [",
"5]\n\nStar Hotel Church Street. ",
"1980s. ",
"This building was built in 1938, Local Studies. ",
"LSP0933\n\nIn the publication “Historic Buildings and Sites of Parramatta” the building is described in the following terms,\n\nChurch Street 1967. ",
"The large star in the skyline shows the location of the Star Hotel. ",
"Heritage Centre Cultural Collections ACC002_032\n\nBy 1987 the Star Hotel was considered by many as an “eyesore” especially as Parramatta Council was in the process of putting the finishing touches to the new Church Street Mall on which the hotel was located. ",
"Council eventually decided to convert the hotel into a retail store.",
"\n\nPeter Arfanis, Archivist, Parramatta Council, Heritage Centre, 2014\n\nReferences\n\n[1] Old Land Marks. (",
"1902, May 24). ",
"The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate p. 4. ",
"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article86199087\n\n[2] The Star Inn. (",
"1900, December 19). ",
"The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate p. 7 Supplement: CHRISTMAS NUMBER OF THE CUMBERLAND ARGUS. ",
"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article85817527\n\n9 Comments\n\nKylie Vetsikas\non 25 April, 2015 at 2:24 pm\n\nThis hotel belonged to my great great grandmother Priscilla Jane Beers nee Cameron!",
"\nOur family has hoped to come across photos one day. ",
"If you or anyone has any further history could you please email me? ",
"Thanking you so much and kind regards!",
"\n\nHello Kylie\nWe don’t have any more images unfortunately. ",
"I hope we do come across more information and images we can share with people like yourself. ",
"All the best and thank you for your feedback\nPeter Arfanis\n\nBarry Holland\non 6 June, 2016 at 1:28 pm\n\nI have a fair amount of info on the Holland family history should anyone like to contact me about it. ",
"Email. ",
"harleydav@bigpond.com. ",
"or phone. ",
"0418688901. ",
"Barry Holland father John Watson Holland father John Alexander Holland father John Holland prop of Star Inn wife Harriet Holland née Holden née Watson.",
"\n\nGreg Williams\non 5 December, 2018 at 7:17 pm\n\nHi,\nI am the great grandson of Adam Beers & his second wife Priscilla, they where licensees of the Star hotel from 1909, (when Adam died) to Aug 3rd 1918 when Priscilla transfer the license.",
"\n\nP.S. I am also Kylie’s uncle.",
"\n\nAnna Namuren\non 10 January, 2019 at 3:22 pm\n\nYou must feel very proud to be part of Parramatta’s history, thanks Greg.",
"\n\nResearch & Collection Services\n\nKylie Vetsikas\non 27 May, 2015 at 9:20 pm\n\nThank you so much Peter for the information! ",
"It is very exciting to see the history of The Star. ",
"Shame it is no longer there…\nKind regards.",
"\n\nYou are welcome Kylie. ",
"The old hotels are interesting. ",
"I think behind the modern facade of the shop currently at that location parts of the Star Hotel are still there.",
"\n\nLarry Mitchell\non 16 May, 2016 at 12:10 pm\n\nHello Peter , could you please advise when the Star actually closed its doors. ",
"Is it in 1987 or did it hang on a bit longer ? ",
"I was a patron and also had a couple of drinks with my first wife after our divorce on 14 February 1984. ",
"Thank you.",
"\n\nHello Larry\nThanks for the question.",
"\nThe local newspaper announced in January 1987 that the Star Hotel would be closing its doors the following month. ",
"So I am pretty sure it did not continue trading after that date."
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"Q:\n\nSuppress message from Bitbucket remote when pushing commits\n\nIs there a way to suppress this message I keep getting every time I push a commit:\n\nObviously it's an important message that I should see at least once, but I've already determined I personally don't need to worry about it. ",
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"\n\nA:\n\n29th is a Sunday, 28th is Saturday, this leaves you with just one day to suffer. ",
"You'll be fine ;)\n(Yes, I'm assuming you only push during the working week)\nUpdate: the assumption was wrong.",
"\nYou could grep the output:\ngit push 2>&1 | grep -v -e \"We're\" -e \"your firewalls\" -e \"3707\"\n\n"
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an indicator apparatus used to detect when an animal is in estrus (heat), and more particularly, to such an indicator wherein the indicator is adapted to be worn by a first animal for indicating when the first animal is mounted by a second animal and, thereby, when the first animal is in heat. ",
"The invention further relates to an apparatus for providing a plurality of indicators that may be individually sized to suit specific needs. ",
"Also disclosed is a system for herd management using the indicator apparatus as disclosed.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Related Art\nIt is typically desirable in the field of animal husbandry to selectively breed livestock. ",
"This may be done by mating selected animals, artificially inseminating an animal, or any other suitable method. ",
"However, any method used entails determining when the animal is in heat in order for insemination to fertilize the animal. ",
"The heat cycle is of a short duration and insemination must occur during the cycle. ",
"The accurate detection of estrus is a problem long recognized in the prior art.",
"\nTypically, when an animal, for example, a cow, is not in heat, she will not allow herself to be mounted. ",
"Conversely, when a cow is in heat, the cow will show an increased tendency to stand and permit itself to be mounted by other animals for an appreciable time. ",
"When the mounted animal allows the mounting animal to remain for about five seconds, a xe2x80x9cstanding mountxe2x80x9d has occurred and the cow is classified as in standing heat. ",
"This condition occurs in the early stages of estrus. ",
"The most frequent mountings occur by bulls, but mountings are also made by other cows. ",
"Accordingly, the repeated mounting of a cow by any other such animal is a good indication that the cow is in heat.",
"\nThe identification of cows in heat has traditionally been accomplished by observation, the cows seen to allow mounting by other cows being separated from the herd. ",
"While visual inspection and observation of a herd may be employed to identify and segregate females in heat, because the heat cycle is of short duration, such visual observation must be conducted at least twice daily and accompanied by immediate segregation of marking of the animals to be inseminated. ",
"Visual observation of the herd, which is often widely dispersed, is typically inefficient. ",
"Further, if no indicating device is used, unless the herd is maintained under constant visual observation, the heat cycle may go undetected in many animals.",
"\nA variety of prior art devices have been developed for indicating when an animal is in heat by showing when the animal has been mounted. ",
"Automatic indicators have been used that are attached to the top rear section of the animal between the hip-bone and spine and are set off by other animals mounting the animal in heat. ",
"Typically, the indicators rely on the pressure exerted by the chest or brisket of the mounting animal. ",
"A common indicator of this type includes a passive apparatus including a reservoir of marker fluid which is compressed by the mounting pressure to discharge some or all fluid and thereby mark the mounted animal. ",
"Frequently, these devices suffer from incidental seepage of the marker fluid. ",
"This can result in an undesirably short shelf-life of the product. ",
"Further, the prior art devices involve complicated dye packet devices that are undesirably complex and expensive.",
"\nThe invention is an indicator apparatus to be worn externally be a first animal for detecting when the first animal is in heat. ",
"The apparatus is configured to be secured to the rump portion of the first animal and to indicate when the first animal is mounted by a second animal, thereby indicating when the first animal is in heat. ",
"The apparatus provides an indicator layer that is normally obscured by a floodcoat but is exposed upon mounting of the first animal by a second animal.",
"\nThe invention also includes a system for managing a herd. ",
"The system is used to indicate when the animal is in heat, when it has been artificially inseminated, and/or when the animal is pregnant. ",
"The system includes applying an indicator to the animal at each stage in the process. ",
"That is, an indicator is applied to indicate when the animal is in heat, a second indicator is applied with the animal has been inseminated (lack of floodcoat layer removal will then indicate if the animal is pregnant), and a third indicator may be applied after determining that the animal is pregnant. ",
"Any or all of these indicators may be color coded or otherwise marked to indicate, for example, the semen with which the animal was inseminated. ",
"Such color coding or marking may be useful in communicating information without requiring knowledge of a particular language.",
"\nAn indicator is provided that has an indicator layer, a first adhesive layer positioned beneath the bottom surface of the indicator layer, and a floodcoat layer detachably affixed to the top surface of the indicator layer. ",
"The non-indicator layer side of the first adhesive layer may optionally be covered by a liner. ",
"By exposing the first adhesive layer the indicator may be affixed to the rump portion of the first animal. ",
"The floodcoat layer is typically removed by the mounting of the first animal by a second animal. ",
"This can be a result either of adhesion of the floodcoat layer to the second animal or frictional wear of the floodcoat layer by the second animal. ",
"Removal of the floodcoat layer exposes the indicator layer. ",
"Thus, exposure of the indicator layer indicates that the first animal is in heat.",
"\nThe floodcoat layer is adapted to be removed upon exertion of a preselected pressure. ",
"This pressure is selected to coincide with the force applied by the mounting of the first animal by a second animal. ",
"By providing that at least a predetermined pressure must be exerted on the indicator in order to remove the floodcoat layer and expose the indicator layer, accidental exposure of the indicator layer caused by pressures that are less than those occurring during an actual mounting, such as those caused by a second animal resting its head on the apparatus, are prevented.",
"\nThe indicator layer is designed to be viewable from a distance regardless of weather conditions. ",
"Thus, an observer may view the indicator layer and note that the floodcoat layer has been removed. ",
"The first animal can then be segregated from the herd for insemination. ",
"The indicator layer may also be colored to color match a semen marker, such as a straw of semen, marking semen from a particular animal.",
"\nThus, the estrus indicator provides a method for indicating when a first animal is in heat by indicating when the first animal has been mounted by a second animal. ",
"The indicator is a reliable, easily observed indicator and is not affected by weather. ",
"Further, the indicator is mechanically simple, durable, and inexpensive.",
"\nA preferred embodiment of the invention provides an apparatus for inexpensively supplying a plurality of estrus indicators wherein the size of the indicator may be chosen to fit specific needs. ",
"In that embodiment, the estrus indicators are configured as a single sheet rather than as individual units or pieces. ",
"The single sheet may then be cut into pieces of size and/or shape as specifically desired. ",
"One option is to provide the sheet of indicators on a roll. ",
"The sheet may then be unrolled and cut as desired. ",
"The roll is relatively inexpensive and provides a flexible option for the users of the estrus indicators. ",
"Further, the roll takes up little space and conveniently stores a plurality of estrus indicators."
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"\n\nThe Reds head to the Britannia Stadium for the first leg of their meeting with Potters knowing that a positive scoreline will give them a great chance of securing a trip to Wembley in the return fixture at Anfield on January 26.",
"\n\nIbe is doubly keen to get to the home of English football having been cup-tied for last season’s FA Cup semi-final clash with Aston Villa there.",
"\n\nAnd he also knows just how much the supporters want to see another trophy put in the Anfield cabinet, with Liverpool chasing what would be a record ninth success in the League Cup.",
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"The club has not won a cup in a few years now so it’s vital for us to try and win one,” he told Liverpoolfc.com.",
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"\n\n“It seems like we’re so close. ",
"Two games until Wembley and we’re so close to actually winning a cup for Liverpool.”",
"\n\nIbe knows getting beyond the semi-final won’t be easy, however, with Stoke possessing both the defensive steel and attacking nous to cause the Reds plenty of problems.",
"\n\nAs a result, the winger acknowledges that a 0-0 draw in Staffordshire would not be a bad result, even if the priority is to win.",
"\n\n“You’ve seen in previous games that they’re tough to break down so it will be an exciting game. ",
"Hopefully we can get the win we need, win the home game, and get to Wembley,” he added.",
"\n\n“Their front four players have been terrific so far, they’ve got some quality up there. ",
"It’s just for our defenders and the whole XI and take the chances we’ve had in previous games and be clinical.",
"\n\n“The manager said if we’re not getting the chances or not putting them away, it’s vital for us to just keep it 0-0.",
"\n\n“But everyone in the team is fired up and trying to win this game instead of a 0-0 so we can set up the game to come at Anfield.”",
"\n\nThe meeting with Mark Hughes’ men is Liverpool’s second fixture of seven to be played during what is a hectic January.",
"\n\nBut Ibe has given his backing to manager Jürgen Klopp’s declaration that fatigue is only an issue if the players allow it to be.",
"\n\n“Everyone said around the Christmas break it’s going to be difficult, there are games every three or four days and people are getting a bit tired,” he added.",
"\n\n“It’s vital for us to do the right recovery and hopefully we can keep building through January, win some games, and see ourselves back up there.",
"\n\n“It’s tough in the game, but it’s just about having - as the manager said many times - the mentality and staying strong in the mind.",
"\n\n“Even if you are tired there are players on the bench that can do the same job so give it your all and if you have to come off there are players who are ready.”",
"\n\nSince returning from a loan spell with Derby County 12 months ago, Ibe has played an increasingly prominent role in the Reds’ first team but he remains focused on using every minute he gets on the pitch to improve.",
"\n\nWhen told he had featured in 23 games across all competitions so far this term, the No.33 replied: “I didn’t even know it was that many games!",
"\n\n“I’m enjoying it, learning new things, and hopefully I can just keep getting better. ",
"There are so many things that I need to learn.",
"\n\n“It’s not just goals but end product, trying to get assists as well. ",
"I’m just trying to learn from [teammates] and other players in the Premier League and just better myself. ",
"There’s a lot more I need to improve on.",
"\n\n“[The manager] is great, he’s like a father figure to all the players and very encouraging. ",
"Obviously he has a laugh now and again but he talks to us on a serious note and I’m enjoying it so far and I’m sure all the other players are.",
"\n\n“He gives all the players confidence and with winning games and playing games we’re building more confidence and it helps a player to improve.”",
"\n\nSecure a brilliant hospitality package for the second leg at Anfield on January 26. ",
"Click here to find out more."
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"Documentation\n\nUse the ''minimal standard'' Lehmer generator to quickly generate some random\nnumbers with reasonable statistical properties. ",
"By ''reasonable'' we mean good\nenough for games and test data, but not cryptography or anything where the\nquality of the randomness really matters.",
"\n\nBy nature of the algorithm, the maximum value in the output is clipped\nto (valMin + 2^31 - 1)\n\nFrom ''Random Number Generators: Good ones are hard to find''\nStephen K. Park and Keith W. Miller.",
"\nCommunications of the ACM, Oct 1988, Volume 31, Number 10."
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[
"All relevant results are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.",
"\n\nIntroduction {#sec005}\n============\n\nIncreased insulin resistance (IR) and deteriorated insulin secretion (ISEC) are considered to be the main mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development \\[[@pone.0189115.ref001]\\]. ",
"Evidence has indicated that increased β-cell function maintains the glucose equilibrium in individuals with increased IR \\[[@pone.0189115.ref002]\\]. ",
"However, overt diabetes eventually develops after the failure of β-cell secretion compensation \\[[@pone.0189115.ref001], [@pone.0189115.ref002]\\]. ",
"Even in the stage of clinically evident diabetes, satisfactory glycemic control can be maintained through lifestyle modifications and medication use, which can improve both IR and β-cell function. ",
"However, ISEC consists of two phases: first-phase insulin secretion (FPIS) and second-phase insulin secretion (SPIS) \\[[@pone.0189115.ref003], [@pone.0189115.ref004]\\]. ",
"No direct evidence has supported the aforementioned observation because FPIS disappears early in the prediabetes stage; therefore, SPIS must be responsible for glucose control under oral medications \\[[@pone.0189115.ref005]\\].",
"\n\nGlucose clearance from the circulatory system to the muscles, liver, and fat tissues occurs through two pathways: insulin- and non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake. ",
"Non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake is also referred to as glucose effectiveness (GE), which represents the ability of glucose to increase its own cellular uptake and restrain its endogenous hepatic output under basal insulin levels. ",
"Best *et al*. ",
"reported that GE accounts for 66% of glucose metabolism in healthy individuals but provides 99% of glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM due to high IR and severe insulin deficiency \\[[@pone.0189115.ref006]\\]. ",
"Therefore, the deterioration of GE has been argued to play a significant role in the occurrence of T2DM \\[[@pone.0189115.ref007]\\]. ",
"However, very few studies to date have focused on the importance of GE \\[[@pone.0189115.ref006]\\]. ",
"Therefore, in this study we proposed that IR, GE, FPIS, and SPIS are the four most important factors for diabetes development and control, referred to as diabetogenesis factors (DFs).",
"\n\nObesity is positively related to high IR and contributes to high β-cell function \\[[@pone.0189115.ref008]--[@pone.0189115.ref010]\\]. ",
"This increased β-cell mass and resulting increased ISEC might be because of the compensatory reaction to high IR \\[[@pone.0189115.ref011], [@pone.0189115.ref012]\\]. ",
"This aspect of diabetes pathophysiology has been studied quite extensively. ",
"However, the effects of obesity on GE or different ISEC stages remain undetermined. ",
"For example, Lopez *et al*. ",
"reported that GE deteriorates as body mass index (BMI) increases in nondiabetic individuals, whereas Healy *et al*. ",
"reported contrasting findings \\[[@pone.0189115.ref013], [@pone.0189115.ref014]\\].",
"\n\nThe national health insurance policy in Taiwan has caused a continuous increase in the average life expectancy. ",
"Officially, Taiwan became an aging society in 2014, with 11.7% of the population aged more than 65 years \\[[@pone.0189115.ref015]\\], which has resulted in a simultaneous rise in T2DM prevalence. ",
"Therefore, understanding T2DM pathophysiology is increasingly important.",
"\n\nIn the present study, IR, FPIS, SPIS, and GE were examined in the same individuals to evaluate the effects of BMI on the four DFs in the older population. ",
"Age and blood glucose levels also affect these four DFs; therefore, we only enrolled individuals with the same age (60 years) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level (5.56 mmol/L) to investigate the actual relationships.",
"\n\nMaterials and methods {#sec006}\n=====================\n\n2.1. ",
"Ethics {#sec007}\n-----------\n\nThe subjects of the current study were enrolled form the data bank of Meei-Jaw (MJ) Health Screening Centers and Cardinal Tien Hospital data access center between 1999 and 2008. ",
"All study subjects were anonymous, and informed consent was obtained prior to participation. ",
"These data do not contain potentially identifying or sensitive patient information, data are not owned by a third-party organization. ",
"The study proposal was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of MJ Health Screening Center joint of Cardinal Tien Hospital before the study began. ",
"The contact information for the Cardinal Tien Hospital Data Access Committee is +88622219331.",
"\n\n2.2. ",
"Participants {#sec008}\n-----------------\n\nThe data on the individuals enrolled in the current study were obtained from the databank of the Meei-Jaw (MJ) Health Screening Center for 1999--2008. ",
"All study participants remained anonymous, and informed consent was obtained prior to participation. ",
"The study proposal was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of MJ Health Screening Center before the study began. ",
"In total, 265 individuals with the same FPG level (5.56 mmol/L) and age (60 years) were enrolled to eliminate the profound effects of age and glucose metabolism. ",
"Under these criteria, BMI ranged from 20.0 to 34.2 kg/m^2^. The participants had no other significant diseases, no history of diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis, and did not use any medication known to influence insulin sensitivity or β-cell function (including oral antihyperglycemic agents) during the study period. ",
"BMI was calculated as body weight (kg)/height (m^2^). ",
"Waist circumference (WC) was measured horizontally at the level of the natural waist, which was identified as the level at the hollow molding of a laterally concave trunk. ",
"Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured in the right arm of seated individuals by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. ",
"Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein for biochemical analysis.",
"\n\n2.3. ",
"Calculations of IR, FPIS, SPIS, and GE {#sec009}\n-------------------------------------------\n\nIR, FPIS, SPIS, and GE were estimated using our previously developed equations, listed as follows:\n\n1. ",
" IR: (1.439 + 0.018 × sex-- 0.003 × age + 0.029 BMI-- 0.001 × SBP + 0.006 DBP + 0.049 × TG-- 0.046 × HDL-C-- 0.016 × FPG) × 10^3.333^ \\[[@pone.0189115.ref016]\\];\n\n2. ",
" log (FPIS) = 1.477--0.119 × FPG + 0.079 × BMI-- 0.523 × HDL-C \\[[@pone.0189115.ref017]\\];\n\n3. ",
" log (SPIS) = -2.400--0.088 × FPG + 0.072 × BMI \\[[@pone.0189115.ref018]\\]; and\n\n4. ",
" GE = (29.196 − 0.103 × age − 2.722 × TG − 0.592 × FPG) × 10^−3^\\[[@pone.0189115.ref019]\\], where HDL-C and TG represent high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively.",
"\n\n2.4. ",
"Laboratory evaluation {#sec010}\n--------------------------\n\nAfter 10-hour overnight fasting, blood samples were collected from each individual for further analysis. ",
"The plasma was separated from the whole blood within 1 hour and stored at −70°C. ",
"FPG and plasma lipid levels were measured subsequently. ",
"The glucose oxidase method (YSI 203 glucose analyzer; Scientific Division, Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH, USA) was used to determine FPG levels. ",
"The dry, multilayer analytical slide method with the Fuji Dri-Chem 3000 analyzer (Fuji Photo Film, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. ",
"An enzymatic cholesterol assay following dextran sulfate precipitation was used to determine serum HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.",
"\n\n2.5. ",
"Statistical analysis {#sec011}\n-------------------------\n\nData are represented as means ± standard deviations. ",
"The Student t test was used to evaluate the differences of continuous data between men and women. ",
"One-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in the demographic data, clinical parameters, and DFs among the normal, overweight, and obese groups. ",
"The Bonferroni test was used for post hoc analysis. ",
"The correlations between the BMI and DFs were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. ",
"Because the units and scales for these four lines were different, it was difficult to construct all four slopes in one figure. ",
"To resolve this problem, we transformed the absolute units into relative units, which represent the percentage of changes in that particular DF, rather than plotting each parameter against the BMI using the original units (e.g., μU/min for FPIS). ",
"For example, the lowest and highest values of FPIS (6.06 and 899.10 μU/min, respectively) were regarded as 0% and 100%, respectively. ",
"Notably, this transformation did not change the r values of each slope. ",
"Other FPIS values were calculated using the following equation:\n\nPercentage of changes in the FPIS value = \\[(899.1 --the value)/(899.1--6.06)\\]/100\n\nSimilar methods were used to assess the slopes between BMI and IR, GE, and SPIS to compare the changes in the data across the same range of FPG levels. ",
"A general linear model was used to determine the differences among the four slopes against the BMI. ",
"All statistical tests were two-sided, and p \\< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ",
"Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 10.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).",
"\n\nResults {#sec012}\n=======\n\nIn total, 122 men and 143 women were enrolled in this study. [",
"Table 1](#pone.0189115.t001){ref-type=\"table\"} presents the demographic characteristics, biochemical data, and DFs. ",
"Notably, men had higher WC and higher FPIS but lower HDL-C levels than women.",
"\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0189115.t001\n\n###### Demographic characteristics and indices of glucose metabolism in all participants with or without metabolic syndrome.",
"\n\n![](",
"pone.0189115.t001){#pone.0189115.t001g}\n\n Women Men p value \n ------------------------------------ ------- ----- --------- ------- --- -------- ---------\n N 143 122 \n Body mass index (kg/m^2^) 23.9 ± 2.5 23.9 ± 2.3 1.000\n Waist circumference (cm) 75.7 ± 6.7 84.1 ± 7.8 \\<0.001\n Body fat (%) 32.3 ± 4.8 22.4 ± 4.6 \\<0.001\n SBP (mmHg) 128.6 ± 21.6 126.1 ± 16.9 0.516\n DBP (mmHg) 75.0 ± 12.0 76.6 ± 11.7 0.443\n Triglyceride (mmol/L) 1.4 ± 0.8 1.4 ± 0.7 0.503\n HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.6 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.3 \\<0.001\n Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.6 ± 0.9 5.2 ± 1.0 0.002\n FPIS (μU/min) 98.9 ± 82.1 128.4 ± 85.4 0.004\n SPIS (pmol/mmol) 0.075 ± 0.041 0.074 ± 0.033 0.803\n IR (10^−4^ min^−1^ pmol^−1^ L^−1^) 3.68 ± 0.02 3.69 ± 0.02 0.535\n GE (10^−2^ dL min^−1^ kg^−1^) 0.016 ± 0.002 0.015 ± 0.0022 0.509\n\nSBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotien; FPIS, first phase insulin secretion; SPIS, second phase insulin secretion; IR, insulin resistance; GE, glucose effectiveness. ",
"Data are presented as mean ± SD\n\n[Table 2](#pone.0189115.t002){ref-type=\"table\"} shows the changes in the studied parameters in normal, overweight, and obese groups. ",
"The obese group had the highest WC, IR, FPIS, and SPIS. ",
"The overweight group had higher WC, FPIS, SPIS, and IR than the normal group. ",
"However, obese women had higher TG but lower HDL-C levels and GE than normal women.",
"\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0189115.t002\n\n###### Comparison of the demographic characteristics and indices of glucose metabolism in different groups.",
"\n\n![](",
"pone.0189115.t002){#pone.0189115.t002g}\n\n Normal group Overweight group Obese group \n ------------------------------------ -------------- ------------------ ------------- ------- --- ------------ ------- --- ------------\n Women \n N 80 45 18 \n BMI (kg/m^2^) 22.2 ± 1.2^2,3^ 25.3 ± 0.8^1,3^ 28.5 ± 1.8^1,2^\n Waist circumference (cm) 72.2 ± 4.7^2,3^ 77.6 ± 4.1^1,3^ 86.5 ± 6.2^1,2^\n SBP (mmHg) 126.5 ± 21.0 129.2 ± 19.7 131.1 ± 16.1\n DBP (mmHg) 74.2 ± 12.4 76.2 ± 12.1 75.6 ± 10.5\n Triglyceride (mmol/L) 1.2 ± 0.7^3^ 1.5 ± 0.8 1.7 ± 0.8^1^\n HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.6 ± 0.3^3^ 1.6 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.2^1^\n Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.6 ± 0.9 5.6 ± 0.7 5.5 ± 1.1\n FPIS (μU/min) 58.6 ± 27.1^2,3^ 106.8 ± 5 0.6^1,3^ 257.9 ± 108.2^1,2^\n SPIS (pmol/mmol) 0.052 ± 0.010^2,3^ 0.086 ± 0.012^1,3^ 0.153 ± 0.061^1,2^\n IR (10^−4^ min^−1^ pmol^−1^ L^−1^) 3.67 ± 0.02^2,3^ 3.69 ± 0.02^1,3^ 3.71 ± 0.01^1,2^\n GE (10^−2^ dL min^−1^ kg^−1^) 0.016 ± 0.002^3^ 0.016 ± 0.002 0.015 ± 0.002^1^\n Men \n N 64 44 14 \n BMI (kg/m^2^) 22.2 ± 1.1^2,3^ 25.1 ± 0.8^1,3^ 28.5 ± 1.2^1,2^\n Waist circumference (cm) 79.2 ± 4.9^2,3^ 87.3 ± 5.5^1,3^ 96.5 ± 5.7^1,2^\n SBP (mmHg) 123.4 ± 15.8 130.3 ± 17.9 125.9 ± 17.1\n DBP (mmHg) 74.9 ± 10.5 79.3 ± 13.3 76.2 ± 10.5\n Triglyceride (mmol/L) 1.3 ± 0.7 1.6 ± 0.7 1.4 ± 0.6\n HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.3 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.3\n Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.2 ± 1.0 5.2 ± 0.9 5.6 ± 1.1\n FPIS (μU/min) 79.1 ± 30.4^2,3^ 153.2 ± 60.8^1,3^ 257.9 ± 117.0^1,2^\n SPIS (pmol/mmol) 0.052 ± 0.009^2,3^ 0.083 ± 0.011^1,3^ 0.148 ± 0.030^1,2^\n IR (10^−4^ min^−1^ pmol^−1^ L^−1^) 3.67 ± 0.02^2,3^ 3.69 ± 0.01^1,3^ 3.71 ± 0.01^1,2^\n GE (10^−2^ dL min^−1^ kg^−1^) 0.016 ± 0.002 0.015 ± 0.002 0.016 ± 0.002\n\nNormal = 18.5 ≤ BMI \\< 24; overweight = 24 ≤ BMI \\< 27; obese = BMI ≥ 27. ",
"BMI = body mass index; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; FPIS = first-phase insulin secretion; SPIS = second-phase insulin secretion; IR = insulin resistance; GE = glucose effectiveness. ",
"Data are presented as means ± SDs. ",
"1 *p*\\< 0.05 to normal group; 2*p*\\< 0.05 to overweight group; 3*p*\\< 0.05 to obese group.",
"\n\n[Table 3](#pone.0189115.t003){ref-type=\"table\"} presents the correlations between the BMI and DFs. ",
"These correlations were significant in both men and women. [",
"Fig 1](#pone.0189115.g001){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [Fig 2](#pone.0189115.g002){ref-type=\"fig\"} present the most important result of the present study: the comparison of the slopes of the BMI and the four DFs in women and men, respectively. ",
"As mentioned previously, these slopes were obtained by transforming the absolute units into relative units (% changes) before comparison. ",
"In men, BMI had the most profound effect on SPIS, followed by IR, FPIS, and GE, whereas in women, the order was slightly different: IR, followed by FPIS, SPIS, and GE. ",
"However, a significant difference was observed between all these slopes, except for the slopes between FPIS and SPIS in women (p = 0.856) and IR and FPIS in men (p = 0.258). ",
"The relevant data (1061012-MJ-BMI) is shown in [S1 File](#pone.0189115.s001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}. ",
"All relevant results are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.",
"\n\n{#pone.0189115.g001}\n\n{#pone.0189115.g002}\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0189115.t003\n\n###### The correlations between the body mass index and diabetes factors.",
"\n\n![](",
"pone.0189115.t003){#pone.0189115.t003g}\n\n FPIS SPIS IR GE\n ------- ------- ------- ------- --------\n Women 0.813 0.926 0.730 -0.203\n Men 0.795 0.966 0.780 -0.204\n\nFPIS = first-phase insulin secretion; SPIS = second-phase insulin secretion; IR = insulin resistance; and GE = glucose effectiveness. ",
"Data are presented as r values; all p \\< 0.001.",
"\n\nDiscussion {#sec013}\n==========\n\nAge and FPG levels affect all DFs; therefore, they were included as confounding factors. ",
"The present study specifically enrolled individuals with the same age (60 years) and FPG level (5.56 mmol/L) to avoid these effects. ",
"Therefore, we evaluated the pure effect of BMI on these four DFs. ",
"Our results demonstrate that IR, FPIS, and SPIS are highly correlated with BMI compared with the findings of previous studies, suggesting that the contribution of obesity to FPIS, SPIS, and IR is more important than generally expected. ",
"In addition, the present results demonstrate that the contributions of the four DFs differ between women and men. ",
"In women, IR was most strongly correlated with BMI, followed by FPIS, SPIS, and GE. ",
"However, the order changed to SPIS, IR, FPIS, and GE in men. ",
"Our results not only improve understanding of T2DM pathophysiology but also can be applied in the clinical prevention and management of T2DM.",
"\n\nThe study individuals with the same FPG level were categorized into normal, overweight, and obese groups. ",
"In addition, the clinical parameters and DFs were compared among the three groups. ",
"The results indicate that obesity has a significant influence on TG and HDL-C levels in women but not in men, which can be attributed to the differences in the basic sex hormone effects on the regulation of lipid metabolism \\[[@pone.0189115.ref020], [@pone.0189115.ref021]\\] and the diversity in insulin-mediated free fatty acid and TG metabolisms between women and men \\[[@pone.0189115.ref022]\\]. ",
"Furthermore, FPIS, SPIS, and IR increased markedly from the normal to overweight groups and further increased from the overweight to obese groups ([Table 2](#pone.0189115.t002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"However, GE did not change significantly in men and decreased slightly from normal to obese women, indicating that the pure effect of BMI on GE is minor in both women and men ([Table 1](#pone.0189115.t001){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\nIncreasing evidence has shown that obesity is the core contributor to IR \\[[@pone.0189115.ref023]--[@pone.0189115.ref025]\\]. ",
"BMI reduction through lifestyle modifications can improve IR, which could reduce the incidence of T2DM \\[[@pone.0189115.ref023]--[@pone.0189115.ref025]\\]. ",
"For the established T2DM individuals, improved IR is equivalent to appropriate glucose control \\[[@pone.0189115.ref023]--[@pone.0189115.ref025]\\]. ",
"The relationship between BMI and IR has been studied extensively in different ethnic groups. ",
"However, the range of r values was approximately 0.4--0.59 \\[[@pone.0189115.ref009], [@pone.0189115.ref026]--[@pone.0189115.ref028]\\]. ",
"In the present study, the r value obtained using our previously derived equations was the highest (r = 0.747, [Table 3](#pone.0189115.t003){ref-type=\"table\"}) compared with other studies \\[[@pone.0189115.ref016]\\]. ",
"This minor discrepancy in results might be due to differences in genetic background, sample size, glucose levels, and inclusion criteria, as well as BMI. ",
"The BMIs reported in previous studies are higher than that reported in the present study (27--28 kg/m^2^ vs. 24.2 kg/m^2^). ",
"Notably, no previous studies have used a cohort with the same age and FPG level. ",
"We believed that by fixing the range of these two confounders, the true effect of BMI could be elucidated.",
"\n\nObese individuals have higher β-cell function because they have higher cell mass than lean individuals \\[[@pone.0189115.ref027],[@pone.0189115.ref029],[@pone.0189115.ref030]\\]. ",
"Hanley *et al*. ",
"conducted the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) for FPIS measurement and reported that FPIS is only weakly associated with BMI (r = 0.14) in nondiabetic individuals (age: 53--54 years, BMI: 28--30) \\[[@pone.0189115.ref027]\\]. ",
"Another study used clamps to measure SPIS and revealed the same finding that BMI is correlated with both FPIS and SPIS (r = 0.28 and 0.41, respectively) in Caucasians without diabetes \\[[@pone.0189115.ref028]\\]. ",
"However, this study was conducted on a younger cohort (BMI: 26--27, age 42--48 years). ",
"In accordance with these studies, our findings demonstrate that FPIS is strongly correlated with BMI (r = 0.796, p \\< 0.001).",
"\n\nThe importance of SPIS remains unclear. ",
"The relative importance of ISEC and IR differs between Caucasians and Asians \\[[@pone.0189115.ref031]\\]. ",
"For many Asian patients with diabetes, glucose can be controlled satisfactorily for many years through oral hypoglycemic drugs. ",
"Because FPIS disappears early in the prediabetes stage, it is reasonable to postulate that SPIS must be the most important cause of glucose control before insulin injection. ",
"The present study successfully demonstrates that, similar to FPIS, SPIS is correlated with BMI (r = 0.949, p \\< 0.001). ",
"This relationship can be easily explained by the compensation ability of β-cells in response to increasing IR \\[[@pone.0189115.ref008], [@pone.0189115.ref009], [@pone.0189115.ref030], [@pone.0189115.ref032]\\]. ",
"Notably, the r values in this study were also higher than those reported in previous studies (0.01--0.1). ",
"Furthermore, old age, a highly homogeneous study cohort, and a lower BMI could have contributed to this discrepancy in results. ",
"Therefore, additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings \\[[@pone.0189115.ref009], [@pone.0189115.ref027], [@pone.0189115.ref030]\\].",
"\n\nAlthough the effect of BMI on GE has been demonstrated in several studies, the results remain controversial. ",
"In the present study, GE was negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.232) which is consistent with the results reported by Kautzky-Willer *et al*. ",
"and Lopes *et al*. ",
"\\[[@pone.0189115.ref013], [@pone.0189115.ref033]\\] but not with those reported by Healy *et al*. ",
"\\[[@pone.0189115.ref014]\\]. ",
"By conducting the FSIGT for measuring GE in white and African Americans, Healy *et al*. ",
"showed that no correlation was present in individuals with prediabetes. ",
"Plausible explanations for these inconsistent results include different ethnic populations, inclusion criteria, GE estimation methods, and the BMI (37.8 ± 6.3 kg/m^2^) and young age (46.5 ± 11.2 years). ",
"In particularly, very few Chinese individuals have a comparable BMI.",
"\n\nIR is likely the key factor explaining the relationship between BMI and GE. ",
"According to the aforementioned discussion, the positive correlation between BMI and IR is confirmed \\[[@pone.0189115.ref027]\\]. ",
"Furthermore, the results of our studies and Lopez *et al*. ",
"all indicate that IR is negatively correlated with GE (r = −0.462, p \\< 0.001, and r = −0.69, p \\< 0.001, respectively) \\[[@pone.0189115.ref013]\\]. ",
"Therefore, through IR, BMI is associated with GE. ",
"From a physiological perspective, substantial evidence also supports our results. ",
"Obese individuals have higher IR and serum free fatty acids \\[[@pone.0189115.ref034], [@pone.0189115.ref035]\\]. ",
"Hawkins *et al*. ",
"showed that increased free fatty acid levels can deteriorate GE in T2DM \\[[@pone.0189115.ref034], [@pone.0189115.ref035]\\].",
"\n\nThe risk, pathophysiology, and complications of T2DM differ between men and women \\[[@pone.0189115.ref036]\\]. ",
"For instance, compared with men, women with diabetes tend to be older and have a higher BMI \\[[@pone.0189115.ref036]--[@pone.0189115.ref038]\\]. ",
"The present study also investigated the differences in the aforementioned relationships between men and women. ",
"Our initial analysis results demonstrate that both men and women have similar r values derived from a simple correlation ([Table 3](#pone.0189115.t003){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"To further determine the relative contributions of BMI to the DFs, we transformed the absolute units to relative units (% changes) to compare the four slopes. ",
"Notably, after the transformation, the relationships became different. ",
"In women, BMI has the most profound influence on IR, followed by FPIS, SPIS, and GE. ",
"In men, the order changed to SPIS, IR, FPIS, and GE. ",
"These observations were comparable with those reported in the study by Kautzky-Willer *et al*, in which the association of BMI with β-cell function was sex-biased \\[[@pone.0189115.ref039]\\]. ",
"They revealed that although the slopes of IR and BMI were similar in both men and women, ISEC had a steeper increase in men than in women, indicating that men have a higher compensation capacity in response to IR than women \\[[@pone.0189115.ref039]\\]. ",
"This phenomenon can also be explained by differences in sex hormones, body fat composition, body fat distribution, and adipocytokines \\[[@pone.0189115.ref036], [@pone.0189115.ref039]\\].",
"\n\nThe current study has some limitations. ",
"First, this is a cross-sectional study. ",
"Therefore, our data are less persuasive than those of a longitudinal study. ",
"Second, family history of T2DM, which is also a key factor for future diabetes development, was not evaluated in our established equations. ",
"The inclusion of this factor in the equations might increase the accuracy of our factor measurements. ",
"Third, only Chinese individuals were enrolled in our study; therefore, our study results should be applied with caution to other ethnic groups.",
"\n\nIn conclusion, in men, BMI has the most profound effect on ISEC; however, in women, IR is the most important DF. ",
"Although GE is least correlated with BMI, it is still significant. ",
"Therefore, the role of GE should not be overlooked in this homogeneous cohort with the same age and FPG level.",
"\n\nSupporting information {#sec014}\n======================\n\n###### \n\n(XLS)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.",
"\n\nThe authors thank all individuals who participated in the study. ",
"We acknowledge Wallace Academic Editing for editing this manuscript.",
"\n\nSI\n\n: insulin sensitivity\n\nFPIS\n\n: first-phase insulin secretion\n\nSPIS\n\n: second-phase insulin secretion\n\nIR\n\n: insulin resistance\n\nFPG\n\n: fasting plasma glucose\n\nT2DM\n\n: type 2 diabetes mellitus\n\nBMI\n\n: body mass index\n\nWC\n\n: waist circumference\n\n[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors declare that no competing interests exist.",
"\n"
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"The vehicle information and communication system (VICS) is known as a conventional service for broadcasting traffic information. ",
"The present service is implemented to provide various kinds of traffic information and vehicle information to a user. ",
"For example, the VICS Center is caused to transmit traffic information, such as traffic congestion information about the road, to a vehicle. ",
"In addition, a vehicular device is caused to search map data for identifying a road. ",
"Furthermore, a display device is caused to change a display mode of a road according to the received traffic information. ",
"The present service enables a user to obtain traffic information such as traffic congestion information in real time.",
"\nA vehicular device stores map data including road data in a format defined with, for example, links. ",
"The VICS Center transmits the VICS Link being information for identifying roads. ",
"The VICS link is assigned with various traffic information and change instruction information on a display mode. ",
"A vehicular device has a position reference table for comparing the VICS Link with links in the map data. ",
"The in-vehicle device searches a link corresponding to the VICS Link with reference to the table. ",
"That is, the position reference table is requisite for the VICS system (see, for example, JP-A-2006-275777 and JP-A-2009-270953).",
"\nAs an alternative service to the VICS system, it is conceived to utilize data of traffic information transmitted in the form of transport protocol expert group (TPEG) to a terminal device such as a vehicular device. ",
"It is noted that in the case of TPEG data being transmitted, position information is represented in the form of, for example, dynamic location referencing data (DLR data). ",
"The position information includes core points each having position coordinates and attributes for identifying a road. ",
"In general, the core point is distributed in the form of multiple arrays arranged along the road. ",
"In the system where the core points are used to represent position information, a position reference table, which may vary in dependence upon difference in manufacturer of the map data, the format and the version of the map data, and the like, is unnecessary. ",
"That is, the system using the core points enables identification of a road (link) on the map data, regardless of the map data in the in-vehicle device.",
"\nTo the contrary, the system using the core points needs various processings for identifying a road according to the core points. ",
"For example, as described above, various kinds of map data exist. ",
"Therefore, core points do not necessarily exist on a road of map data. ",
"Therefore, it is necessary to implement a processing to identify a link pertinent to a road represented by core points on a map.",
"\nIt is noted that, when a link around a core point is extracted as a candidate and when the number of links to be extracted increases, a processing time for the extraction processing may become long. ",
"Alternatively, when the number of links to be extracted is small, a link pertinent to the road, which is represented by the core point, may be excluded from a candidate."
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"Khorol River\n\nKhorol () is a river in Ukraine, 308 km in length, a right tributary of the Psel River, the basin of Dnieper. ",
"The Khorol river finds its source near the village of Chervona Sloboda in Nedryhailiv Raion, Sumy Oblast.",
"\n\nGeneral data\nThe length of 308 km (within Poltava region - 241 km). ",
"The area of the catchment area is 3 870 km². ",
"The slope of the river is 0.3 m / km. ",
"Trapezoidal valley, often asymmetric, with raised right and sloping left slopes; width 10–12 km Floodplain width from 0,2-0,5 km to 1,5–2 km, marshy, shrubby and meadow vegetation. ",
"The river channel is wavy with width 10–60 m and more. ",
"Power supply is rainy and snowy (spring runoff is about 85% of annual). ",
"The average long-term water consumption of Khorol (Myrhorod) is 3.8 m³ / s. The mineralization of water changes during the year: spring flood - 843 mg / dm³; summer-autumn measurements - 966 mg / dm³; winter gauge - 1053 mg / dm³. The river freezes at the end of November - in early December and crashes in March.",
"\n\nMain tributaries\nRight: Sakunia, Planck, Bezimenna, Vilsana, Tatarina, Oznitsa, Likhobabivka, Kharpachka, Khmutets, Gremyacha, Kuturichicha, Avramivka, Rudka (Golubiha), Yekivka, Kryva Ruda, Saga, Bezimenna, Tatarina (Tkachenkovo), Shcherbanka.",
"\nLeft: Berezivka, Staraya Saga, Rudka, Buda, Cold, Unnamed.",
"\n\nPopulated points\nAbove the river are Lipova Dolyna, Khorol, and the famous Ukrainian resort Myrgorod.",
"\n\nUse\nIt is used for water supply and irrigation, and fishing is also widespread. ",
"Several gateway regulators have been constructed on the river, there are reservoirs.",
"\n\nKhorol in history and culture\nA settlement of the Bronze Age was found in the river valley, as well as early Slavic settlements and the burial ground of Chernyakhiv culture. ",
"In 1185, a battle between the Rusyns and Polovtsian troops took place on the banks of the river. ",
"Landscapes of Khorol have long attracted artists. ",
"Here's how the river was written by the famous Ukrainian poet of the twentieth century. ",
"Paul Tychyna:\n\"Smoke, smoke from cars,\nLike maiden summer.",
"\nNot that now Mirgorod\nKhorol River is not that ...\n\nSee also\nGirlo Chorol\n\nLink\nChorol-Cherry\nThe city of Khorol\n\nGeography of leakage\nKhorol starts from the sources to the north of the village Chervona Sloboda. ",
"Flows Prydniprovska lowland on the territory of Nedryhailiv, Lypova Dolyna raions of the Sumy oblast, Hadiach, Myrhorod, Khorol, Semenivka and Hlobyne raions of the Poltava oblast. ",
"Khorol flows mainly to the south, between the cities of Myrhorod and Khorol — to the southwest, then to the south-east. ",
"Khorol flows into Psel on the northern outskirts of the village of Popivka, Hlobyne raion, Poltava oblast.",
"\n\nCities and towns on the Khorol \n Lypova Dolyna\n Khorol\n Myrhorod\n\nReferences \n Географічна енциклопедія України: в 3-х томах / Редколегія: О. М. Маринич (відпов. ",
"ред.) ",
"та ін. — ",
"К.: «Українська радянська енциклопедія» імені М. П. Бажана, 1989.",
"\n За ред. ",
"А.В. Кудрицького Полтавщина : Енцикл. ",
"довід.. — К.: УЕ, 1992. — ",
"С. 1024. ",
"\n Енциклопедія українознавства. ",
"У 10-х томах. / ",
"Головний редактор Володимир Кубійович. — ",
"Париж; Нью-Йорк: Молоде життя, 1954—1989.",
"\n «По річках України», К., 1938.",
"\n\nCategory:Rivers of Ukraine\nCategory:Geography of Sumy Oblast\nCategory:Geography of Poltava Oblast"
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[
"1. ",
"Introduction {#sec1-jcm-07-00557}\n===============\n\nThe population of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing globally, along with the rising trend of aging population, rising incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and acute kidney injury (AKI) \\[[@B1-jcm-07-00557],[@B2-jcm-07-00557],[@B3-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Among the available therapeutic modalities for ESRD, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been found to demonstrate an early survival advantage for these patients compared to hemodialysis, conferring a better quality of life and entailing a significantly lower healthcare cost \\[[@B4-jcm-07-00557],[@B5-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Despite these perceived benefits, PD is still under-utilized and less promoted in most developed countries, and it has been found that the proportion of ESRD patients receiving PD has gradually declined over time in Japan and several European countries \\[[@B4-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Factors contributing to this phenomenon may include discrepancies in the reimbursement policy, physicians' perceptions of a better hemodynamic status associated with hemodialysis, staff availability, familiarity with certain modality, and most important of all, the risk of PD technique failure necessitating a switch to hemodialysis \\[[@B6-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Technique failure among chronic PD patients is frequently accompanied by the placement of temporary vascular access, forced adaptation of their lifestyle to twice or thrice weekly hemodialysis, unplanned hospitalizations, and an increase in the cost \\[[@B7-jcm-07-00557]\\]; consequently, the quest for identifying important and modifiable risk factors for technique failure assumes importance.",
"\n\nPrevious reports have shed light on factors that could affect the incidence of technique failure in PD patients, including center-specific and patient related factors \\[[@B8-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Those receiving management in a larger PD service center have a lower incidence of technique failure, while the presence of an advanced age, DM, high or high average peritoneal equilibration test (PET) status, and an increased dialysate glucose load are associated with a higher risk \\[[@B8-jcm-07-00557],[@B9-jcm-07-00557],[@B10-jcm-07-00557],[@B11-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"However, few existing studies focused on the laboratory parameters to examine the risk of technique failure, and those which included such variables mainly focused on hemoglobin, serum albumin, calcium/phosphate, or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels \\[[@B8-jcm-07-00557],[@B10-jcm-07-00557],[@B12-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"It is suggested that fluid overload increases the risk of technique failure among chronic PD patients \\[[@B13-jcm-07-00557]\\], but whether the volume-sensitive laboratory parameters play a role in modifying the risk of technique failure is still unclear.",
"\n\nN-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is the inactive form of one of the natriuretic peptide family members, BNP, produced by the ventricular myocytes and upregulated during cardiac failure or myocardial infarction. ",
"NT-proBNP has been shown to predict the risk of arterial stiffness, volume overload, and cardiovascular mortality in chronic PD patients \\[[@B14-jcm-07-00557],[@B15-jcm-07-00557],[@B16-jcm-07-00557]\\] but whether NT-proBNP level can be a biomarker for subsequent technique failure is rarely addressed. ",
"Moreover, not all factors that impair patient survival exhibit similar influence on the incidence of technique failure among chronic PD patients \\[[@B12-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"It can be unwise to presume that factors correlating with a worse outcome of PD patients act similarly with regard to technique failure. ",
"We hypothesized that high NT-proBNP levels could predict the risk of technique failure in chronic PD patients, independent of other clinical and fluid status related variables. ",
"In this study, we prospectively studied a PD cohort to examine this issue.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Methods {#sec2-jcm-07-00557}\n==========\n\n2.1. ",
"Ethical Approval {#sec2dot1-jcm-07-00557}\n---------------------\n\nThe protocol was approved by the meeting of Research Ethics Committee of the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH-REC 200906084RPC), and the procedure adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. ",
"All participants provided written informed consent for study participation.",
"\n\n2.2. ",
"Establishment of the Index PD Cohort {#sec2dot2-jcm-07-00557}\n-----------------------------------------\n\nPatients with ESRD initiated on long-term PD were prospectively included from the PD center of National Taiwan University Hospital between December 2011 and December 2017. ",
"Initiation of PD was based on the feasibility of using PD as renal replacement therapy for more than three months. ",
"All patients received a Tenckhoff catheter implantation with glucose, icodextrin, or amino acid-based dialysate as necessary, to achieve optimal azotemic management and ultrafiltration. ",
"Continuous ambulatory PD or automated PD was provided based on the concurrence between clinicians and patients. ",
"The inclusion criteria consisted of age ≥ 20 years, having ESRD and receiving PD for more than three months regardless of whether PD was their first treatment modality, and the ability to communicate with research staff. ",
"Exclusion criteria comprised refusal to participate in the study during the interview and inadequate data available for analysis.",
"\n\nAfter enrollment, demographic data (age, gender, and body mass index (BMI)), the duration of PD, the etiology of ESRD, comorbidities, medications with outcome influences, and vital parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP)) were obtained. ",
"The blood tests included hemogram, renal function assay (urea nitrogen and creatinine), nutritional parameter (albumin), parathyroid hormone, and inflammatory parameter (C-reactive protein (CRP)). ",
"Part of the serum sample was cryo-preserved-at −20 °C for subsequent analysis. ",
"In addition, participants underwent body composition analysis using a bioimpedance-based instrument (BCM; Fresenius Medical Care, a Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany), which is widely used in ESRD patients, with credible results compared to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry \\[[@B17-jcm-07-00557],[@B18-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) was calculated from the plain chest film which was routinely taken annually for all ESRD patients in Taiwan.",
"\n\nSera were tested for NT-proBNP levels using an ELISA Kit for Human NT-proBNP (ElAab Company, China). ",
"The range of detection for this assay is between 0.312 and 20 (ng/mL). ",
"For data outside the kit-specified detection range, samples were diluted 90--210 folds for measurement. ",
"The intra and inter assay coefficients of variability were less than 5.9% and 7.8%, respectively.",
"\n\n2.3. ",
"Endpoints {#sec2dot3-jcm-07-00557}\n--------------\n\nParticipants was prospectively followed up since the day they first underwent body composition analysis, until death, receiving renal transplantation, care transfer to other center, technique failure with modality switch to hemodialysis, or September 30th, 2018, whichever was earliest. ",
"The primary outcome of this study was the finding of technique failure during follow-up, defined as the transition of ESRD therapeutic modality from PD to hemodialysis for ≥1 month \\[[@B19-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Participants, who switched their treatment modality multiple times, were counted once, based on the date of their first modality switch. ",
"The secondary outcome was mortality during follow-up.",
"\n\n2.4. ",
"Statistical Analysis {#sec2dot4-jcm-07-00557}\n-------------------------\n\nContinuous and categorical variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and numbers with percentages, respectively, and compared using the Student's *t*-test and the Chi-square test, respectively. ",
"Poisson analysis was used for comparing peritonitis rate. ",
"We first examined the distribution of serum NT-proBNP levels in the entire cohort and created a distribution plot. ",
"The median value of NT-proBNP was subsequently selected to stratify the entire cohort into halves (high vs. low NT-proBNP levels). ",
"We compared the clinical features including demographic data, the etiology of ESRD, comorbidity, concurrent medications, and physical parameters; laboratory profiles including hemogram, serum biochemistry, NT-proBNP levels, and PD-related characteristics (fourth hour of dialysate glucose to baseline ratio and dialysate to blood creatinine ratio, peritoneal, renal, and total Kt/V); peritonitis rate; and body composition data between those with high and low NT-proBNP levels. ",
"We further performed correlation analyses between NT-proBNP levels and variables exhibiting significant differences between them, with high and low NT-proBNP or variables that were deemed important for patient outcome. ",
"A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine significant determinants of serum NT-proBNP levels at baseline.",
"\n\nAfter follow-up, the participants were stratified based on the development of primary or secondary outcomes, and compared with respect to the clinical features outlined above. ",
"Kaplan--Meier technique was used to construct survival and technique failure-free curves, and between group comparison was done by a log-rank test. ",
"Finally, Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to determine important risk factors for the primary and secondary outcomes, incorporating variables deemed clinically important for outcomes, and serum NT-proBNP levels.",
"\n\n3. ",
"Results {#sec3-jcm-07-00557}\n==========\n\nDuring the study period, we prospectively included 266 ESRD patients undergoing long term PD at our center ([Figure 1](#jcm-07-00557-f001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"After excluding 8 patients with inadequate clinical or laboratory data, 258 long-term PD patients were included and subsequently analyzed. ",
"The mean serum NT-proBNP levels were 582 ± 1216 ng/mL, and the distribution of serum NT-proBNP in this cohort is shown in [Figure 2](#jcm-07-00557-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}A. Some participants had extremely high NT-proBNP levels, and to facilitate analysis, we used the natural log transformed NT-proBNP (LnBNP) levels in the remaining part of analysis ([Figure 2](#jcm-07-00557-f002){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ",
"In addition, we chose the median values (61 ng/mL) of all PD patients in this study as the cut-off point to categorize our PD participants into high and low NT-proBNP groups.",
"\n\nPD patients with high NT-proBNP levels (mean 1141 ± 1530 ng/mL) had a significantly longer duration of PD (*p* \\< 0.01) prior to enrolment, a higher prevalence of heart failure (*p* \\< 0.01), higher peritoneal Kt/V (*p* \\< 0.01) but lower renal Kt/V (*p* \\< 0.01), and lower Hb (*p* \\< 0.01) levels than those with low NT-proBNP levels (mean 23 ± 14 ng/mL) ([Table 1](#jcm-07-00557-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"Those with high NT-proBNP had significantly higher CTR (*p* \\< 0.01), extracellular to intracellular water ratio (E/I) (*p* \\< 0.01), and greater over-hydration (OH) severity (*p* \\< 0.01), than those with low levels ([Table 1](#jcm-07-00557-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"There was no significant difference with regard to PET status between patients with low and high NT-proBNP levels. ",
"LnBNP levels correlated significantly with gender (*p* \\< 0.01), renal Kt/V (*p* \\< 0.01), Hb (*p* \\< 0.01) levels, CTRs (*p* \\< 0.01), and relative OH extent (*p* \\< 0.01) ([Table 2](#jcm-07-00557-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that lower renal Kt/V (β = −1.55, *p* \\< 0.01), higher degree of overhydration (β = 0.08, *p* \\< 0.01), CTR (β = 0.04, *p* = 0.02), and the presence of heart failure (β = 0.97, *p* \\< 0.01) were independently associated with higher NT-proBNP levels at baseline.",
"\n\nAfter 3.6 years of follow up, 128 (49.6%) PD patients developed technique failure and switched to hemodialysis, whiled 40 (15.5%) died. ",
"The incidence of PD peritonitis during this period was 1.73 episodes per 100 months, without significant differences between those with high and low NT-proBNP levels ([Table 1](#jcm-07-00557-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"Those who continued to be on PD were significantly younger (*p* = 0.03), had lower systolic BP (*p* = 0.03), lower CRP (*p* = 0.01), NT-proBNP (*p* = 0.03), and CTRs (*p* \\< 0.01), than those who developed technique failure ([Table 3](#jcm-07-00557-t003){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"There was no significant difference with regard to the etiology of hemodialysis switch between patients with low and high NT-proBNP levels ([Table 1](#jcm-07-00557-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"We found that PD patients with high NT-proBNP levels at baseline has significantly higher risk of technique failure compared to those with low levels (*p* = 0.01; [Figure 3](#jcm-07-00557-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}A). ",
"Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, incorporating the demographic profile, comorbidity, renal Kt/V, laboratory data, NT-proBNP, CTRs, and relative OH, showed that man (HR 1.91, *p* \\< 0.01, higher LnBNP levels (hazard ratio 1.13, *p* \\< 0.01), CTRs (HR 1.04, *p* \\< 0.01), and serum CRP (HR 1.01, *p* \\< 0.01) levels were independently predictive of an increased risk of technique failure among PD patients ([Table 4](#jcm-07-00557-t004){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\nAdditionally, survivors were significantly younger (*p* \\< 0.01), had higher total Kt/V (*p* = 0.03), lower CRP (*p* = 0.03), and NT-proBNP (*p* = 0.01) levels than non-survivors ([Table 3](#jcm-07-00557-t003){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"We found that PD patients with high NT-proBNP levels at baseline has significantly higher risk of mortality compared to those with low levels (*p* = 0.03; [Figure 3](#jcm-07-00557-f003){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ",
"Cox regression analyses incorporating the demographic profile, comorbidity, Kt/V, laboratory data, LnBNP, CTRs, and relative OH, showed that mean (HR 3.05, *p* \\< 0.01), higher LnBNP levels (HR 1.56, *p* \\< 0.01), higher age (HR 1.1, *p* \\< 0.01), and CRP (HR 1.02, *p* \\< 0.01) levels were independently predictive of an increased risk of mortality among PD patients ([Table 4](#jcm-07-00557-t004){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\n4. ",
"Discussion {#sec4-jcm-07-00557}\n=============\n\nIn the current study, we found that in a cohort of chronic PD patients, higher serum NT-proBNP levels at baseline were predictive of an increased risk of technique failure and overall mortality. ",
"This relationship was independent of other volume assessment results including the body composition parameters and CTRs, suggesting that NT-proBNP might influence the outcome, besides its role as a surrogate marker of body volume status.",
"\n\nThe incidence of technique failure in our cohort was 0.08 episodes per patient-year ([Table 3](#jcm-07-00557-t003){ref-type=\"table\"}), which is within the range reported by others. ",
"Data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) registry found that although the mean technique failure rate across institutes was 0.35 episodes per patient-year, the incidence between the centers could vary up to 7-fold \\[[@B10-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"A report from Japan suggested a comparatively lower rate of technique failure (0.16 episode per patient-year) \\[[@B20-jcm-07-00557]\\], while another study from Taiwan similarly revealed a low rate of technique failure (0.08 episodes per patient-year) \\[[@B21-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"This might support the potential generalization of our results.",
"\n\nThe role of NT-proBNP in patients undergoing long-term PD is somewhat controversial with respect to its pathophysiologic implications. ",
"An earlier study revealed that serum NT-proBNP levels did not correlate well with ECW volume in these patients, but were significantly correlated with left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, and cardiovascular mortality \\[[@B22-jcm-07-00557],[@B23-jcm-07-00557],[@B24-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"However, other studies revealed a significant relationship between NT-proBNP levels and extracellular water or body fluid status in PD patients \\[[@B25-jcm-07-00557],[@B26-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Despite the inconsistency in the NT-proBNP/ECW relationship among long-term PD patients, results from most studies concur that NT-proBNP levels are closely associated with left ventricular dysfunction, and morbidity and mortality related to the heart in these patients. ",
"A repeat analysis of our data found that heart failure (ß = 0.97, *p* \\< 0.01) and the level of over-hydration (ß = 0.08, *p* \\< 0.01) were both independently associated with higher serum NT-proBNP levels in these patients, with a larger regression coefficient for heart failure. ",
"Consequently, we believe that the association between higher NT-proBNP levels and increased incidence of technique failure in this study can be better explained by the risk of cardiac dysfunction and related complications, than by an excess of body fluid in long-term PD patients. ",
"Indeed, a systematic review concluded that coronary artery disease and heart related ailments predispose PD patients to the risk of PD-related peritonitis \\[[@B27-jcm-07-00557]\\], a major cause of technique failure, while those with cardiac morbidities are at a higher risk of decline in residual renal function and technique failure in the long run \\[[@B10-jcm-07-00557],[@B28-jcm-07-00557],[@B29-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Furthermore, we found that the risk conferred by elevated NT-proBNP levels was independent of the over-hydration severity indicated by BCM readings ([Table 4](#jcm-07-00557-t004){ref-type=\"table\"}), neutralizing the effect of excess body fluid. ",
"Nonetheless, it can be difficult to completely unravel the complex relationship between cardiac dysfunction, excess body fluid, and technique failure; a study incorporating a larger sample size, or preferably a clinical trial design, is necessary to answer this question.",
"\n\nWe also found that advanced age, male gender, and higher serum CRP levels were independent predictors of technique failure and mortality ([Table 4](#jcm-07-00557-t004){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"A study in Chinese PD patients showed that male gender increased the risk of PD peritonitis and possibly technique failure \\[[@B30-jcm-07-00557]\\], while registry reports showed that higher age was a major risk factor for technique failure in PD patients \\[[@B8-jcm-07-00557],[@B10-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Serum CRP measurement also predicts a risk of peritonitis-related complications and technique failure among PD patients \\[[@B31-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"It is plausible that PD patients of higher age tend to have visual impairment or cognitive disturbance, raising their risk of developing PD peritonitis, while local and systemic inflammation in PD patients might also contribute to cardiovascular risk and impaired immunologic response to pathogens, potentially leading to a higher risk of technique failure \\[[@B32-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Finally, we also observed that serum PTH tended to be elevated in PD patients who survived compared to those who died ([Table 3](#jcm-07-00557-t003){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"This can be reasonable since mineral bone disorder, including renal osteodystrophy and vascular calcification may adversely influence the mortality of ESRD patients \\[[@B33-jcm-07-00557],[@B34-jcm-07-00557]\\].",
"\n\nThis study has its strengths, but they should be balanced against its limitations. ",
"The relationship between serum NT-proBNP and the risk of technique failure in PD patients has not been specifically addressed before, and the extent of study variables collected, ranging from clinical and laboratory parameters, to PD-specific parameters and bio-impedance assessment results, strongly increase the robustness of our findings. ",
"The follow-up duration is also adequate, with sufficient time interval to permit statistical comparison. ",
"However, the modest sample size and the single center nature of our cohort might limit the generalization of results to some extent \\[[@B35-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"We only measured serum albumin in these patients but not pre-albumin. ",
"In addition, previous studies suggested that a person-to-person variation of NT-proBNP levels in chronic PD patients could be high, and we could not confirm whether the biologic or analytic variations in NT-proBNP measurement could influence our findings \\[[@B36-jcm-07-00557]\\]. ",
"Nonetheless, the within-person variation tends to be low (\\~20%), which suggests that a one-time measurement of NT-proBNP in a given individual might be reflective of his/her true average NT-proBNP levels. ",
"Although NT-proBNP levels are closely associated with cardiac function, we did not arrange echocardiography for our participants, and left ventricular ejection fraction data were unavailable. ",
"It is also likely that changes in comorbid illnesses and NT-proBNP levels over follow-up might influence our findings. ",
"Time-averaged NT-proBNP levels or repeatedly measured levels over a period of time will be necessary to better account for this issue.",
"\n\n5. ",
"Conclusions {#sec5-jcm-07-00557}\n==============\n\nIn the current study, we sought to examine the predictability of baseline serum NT-proBNP levels for the subsequent risk of technique failure and mortality in a cohort of PD patients with a longitudinal follow-up for 3.6 years. ",
"We found that higher NT-proBNP levels were associated with a higher risk of technique failure and mortality in these patients, independent of demographic parameters, comorbidities, and several fluid status parameters including bio-impedance based over-hydration and image-based cardiothoracic ratios. ",
"Regular monitoring of NT-proBNP levels among PD patients may be useful for providing care for these patients.",
"\n\nWe thank the staff of the Core labs, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital for their technical support.",
"\n\nStudy design: C.-T.C. and J.-W.H.; Data analysis: C.-T.C., J.-W.H., C.-K.C., and K.-Y.H.; Article drafting: C.-T.C., J.-W.H., C.-K.C., and K.-Y.H.; All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.",
"\n\nThe study is financially sponsored by National Taiwan University Hospital (no. ",
"104-S2684).",
"\n\nThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to declare in relation to this manuscript. ",
"Results presented in this manuscript have not been published previously in whole or part.",
"\n\n{#jcm-07-00557-f001}\n\n{#jcm-07-00557-f002}\n\n{#jcm-07-00557-f003}\n\njcm-07-00557-t001_Table 1\n\n###### \n\nComparison of clinical characteristics between PD patients with low and high BNP levels.",
"\n\n Total (*n* = 258) Low BNP (*n* = 129) High BNP (*n* = 129) *p*-Value\n ------------------------------------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------------- -----------\n Demographic profile \n Age 54 ± 12 54 ± 13 53 ± 12 0.33\n Gender (F/M) 138/120 63/66 75/54 0.14\n PD vintage (months) 42 ± 40 33 ± 36 50 ± 42 \\<0.01\n BMI (kg/m^2^) 23.6 ± 3.5 23.8 ± 3.5 23.4 ± 3.6 0.39\n Cause of ESRD 0.75\n DMN 47 (18) 22 (17) 25 (19) \n CGN 150 (58) 79 (61) 71 (55) \n HTN 20 (8) 10 (8) 10 (8) \n Others 41 (16) 18 (14) 23 (18) \n Comorbidity \n Diabetes mellitus 63 (24) 33 (26) 30 (23) 0.98\n Hypertension 217 (84) 106 (82) 111 (86) 0.87\n Heart failure 26 (10) 4 (3) 22 (17) \\<0.01\n Coronary artery disease 32 (12) 14 (11) 18 (14) 0.9\n Cirrhosis 2 (1) 0 (0) 2 (2) 0.57\n Cancer (any) 15 (6) 6 (5) 9 (7) 0.89\n Medications \n Diuretics 28 (11) 12 (9) 16 (12) 0.89\n Statin 56 (22) 30 (23) 26 (20) 0.95\n Beta-blocker 126 (49) 53 (41) 73 (57) 0.1\n ACEI/ARB 103 (40) 45 (35) 58 (45) 0.43\n Physical examination \n BP systolic (mmHg) 141 ± 22 139 ± 19 144 ± 25 0.11\n BP diastolic (mmHg) 83 ± 13 83 ± 12 82 ± 15 0.86\n PD variables \n PET results \n Low 10 (4) 4 (3) 6 (5) 0.94\n Low Average 95 (37) 52 (40) 43 (33) 0.72\n High Average 127 (49) 61 (47) 66 (51) 0.94\n High 26 (10) 12 (9) 14 (11) 0.98\n Fourth hour Glucose D/D0 0.37 ± 0.08 0.37 ± 0.08 0.36 ± 0.08 0.43\n Fourth hour Creatinine D/P 0.68 ± 0.11 0.68 ± 0.11 0.69 ± 0.11 0.44\n Peritoneal Kt/V 1.77 ± 0.37 1.68 ± 0.4 1.86 ± 0.3 \\<0.01\n Renal Kt/V 0.23 ± 0.33 0.33 ± 0.37 0.13 ± 0.26 \\<0.01\n Total Kt/V 2 ± 0.22 2.01 ± 0.24 2 ± 0.21 0.68\n nPNA 1 ± 0.2 1.01 ± 0.18 0.99 ± 0.22 0.45\n Laboratory profiles \n Hb (g/dL) 10 ± 1.5 10.3 ± 1.2 9.7 ± 1.7 \\<0.01\n Albumin (gm/dL) 3.9 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 0.3 3.8 ± 0.4 0.13\n BUN (mg/dL) 67 ± 16 69 ± 16 65 ± 17 0.06\n Creatinine (mg/dL) 12.2 ± 2.8 12.3 ± 2.9 12.1 ± 2.7 0.74\n PTH (pg/mL) 457 ± 423 472 ± 478 443 ± 362 0.57\n CRP (mg/dL) 0.69 ± 1.72 0.66 ± 2 0.72 ± 1.39 0.77\n NT pro-BNP (ng/mL) 582 ± 1216 23 ± 14 1141 ± 1530 \\<0.01\n Body composition parameters \n Cardiac/thoracic ratio (%) 49 ± 7 48 ± 6 50 ± 7 \\<0.01\n Relative OH (%) 10.3 ± 9.4 7.3 ± 8.7 13.3 ± 9.2 \\<0.01\n ECW (L) 14.6 ± 3.2 14.6 ± 3.3 14.6 ± 3.1 0.87\n ICW (L) 15.5 ± 3.5 16.1 ± 3.8 15 ± 3.2 \\<0.01\n ECW/ICW 1 ± 0.1 0.9 ± 0.1 1 ± 0.1 \\<0.01\n Follow-up duration (months) 43 ± 24 43 ± 22 44 ± 25 0.91\n PD peritonitis incidence (per 100 months) 1.73 1.66 1.8 0.25\n Switch to HD (%) \n PD peritonitis 46 (18) 23 (18) 23 (18) 1\n Abdominal surgery 18 (7) 8 (6) 10 (8) 0.97\n Catheter dysfunction 15 (6) 2 (2) 13 (10) 0.04\n UF failure 3 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0.95\n Others 5 (2) 2 (2) 3 (2) 0.98\n\nACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CGN, chronic glomerulonephritis; CRP, C-reactive protein; DMN, diabetic nephropathy; ECW, extracellular water; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; Hb, hemoglobin; HD, hemodialysis; HTN, hypertension; ICW, intracellular water; nPNA, normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance; NT pro-BNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; OH, over-hydration; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PET, peritoneal equilibration test; PTH, parathyroid hormone; UF, ultrafiltration.",
"\n\njcm-07-00557-t002_Table 2\n\n###### \n\nCorrelations between NT-proBNP levels and other clinical characteristics.",
"\n\n Ln(NT-proBNP) *p*-Value\n ------------------------ --------------- -----------\n Age −0.1 0.11\n Gender 0.23 \\<0.01\n PD vintage −0.05 0.47\n Renal Kt/V −0.33 \\<0.01\n Hb (g/dL) −0.19 \\<0.01\n Albumin (gm/dL) −0.1 0.11\n Cardiac/thoracic ratio 0.21 \\<0.01\n CRP (mg/dL) 0.04 0.54\n Rel. ",
"OH (%) 0.43 \\<0.01\n BP systolic (mmHg) 0.13 0.046\n BP diastolic (mmHg) 0.03 0.63\n ECW/ICW 0.35 \\<0.01\n\nBP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; ECW, extracellular water; Hb, hemoglobin; ICW, intracellular water; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; Rel. ",
"OH, relative over-hydration; PD, peritoneal dialysis.",
"\n\njcm-07-00557-t003_Table 3\n\n###### \n\nComparison of clinical characteristics between those with and without outcomes.",
"\n\n Variable Remaining on PD (*n* = 130) Technique Failure (*n* = 128) *p*-Value Survivors (*n* = 218) Non-Survivors (*n* = 40) *p*-Value\n ---------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------- ----------- ----------------------- -------------------------- -----------\n Age 52 ± 11 55 ± 13 0.03 52 ± 12 61 ± 11 \\<0.01\n Gender (F/M) 76/54 62/66 0.46 123/95 15/25 0.18\n PD vintage (months) 41 ± 43 43 ± 37 0.62 42 ± 39 43 ± 45 0.81\n BMI (kg/m^2^) 23.3 ± 3.6 23.9 ± 3.4 0.15 23.5 ± 3.5 23.9 ± 3.5 0.56\n Etiology of ESRD (%) \n DMN 19 (15) 28 (22) 0.52 34 (16) 13 (33) 0.09\n CGN 86 (66) 64 (50) 0.08 132 (61) 18 (45) 0.34\n HTN 7 (5) 13 (10) 0.56 16 (7) 4 (10) 0.95\n Others 18 (14) 23 (18) 0.85 36 (17) 5 (13) 0.94\n Diabetes mellitus 28 (22) 35 (27) 0.76 47 (22) 16 (40) 0.1\n Hypertension 108 (83) 109 (85) 0.98 184 (84) 33 (83) 0.99\n Heart failure 9 (7) 17 (13) 0.41 22 (11) 4 (10) 1.00\n Coronary artery disease 13 (10) 19 (15) 0.71 24 (11) 8 (20) 0.47\n Cirrhosis 1 (1) 1 (1) 1.00 2 (1) 0 (0) 0.95\n Cancer (any) 4 (3) 11 (9) 0.31 9 (4) 6 (15) 0.06\n Diuretics use 11 (8) 17 (13) 0.67 22 (10) 6 (15) 0.84\n Statin use 29 (22) 27 (21) 0.99 48 (22) 8 (20) 0.99\n Beta-blocker use 59 (45) 67 (52) 0.74 109 (50) 17 (43) 0.86\n ACEI/ARB use 56 (43) 47 (37) 0.78 91 (42) 12 (30) 0.58\n BP systolic (mmHg) 138 ± 22 144 ± 22 0.03 142 ± 23 139 ± 20 0.43\n BP diastolic (mmHg) 82 ± 13 84 ± 14 0.37 83 ± 14 78 ± 12 0.03\n Fourth hour Glucose D/D0 0.37 ± 0.07 0.37 ± 0.08 0.74 0.37 ± 0.08 0.38 ± 0.07 0.41\n Fourth hour Creatinine D/P 0.69 ± 0.1 0.68 ± 0.11 0.89 0.69 ± 0.11 0.67 ± 0.09 0.39\n Peritoneal Kt/V 1.76 ± 0.39 1.78 ± 0.35 0.76 1.78 ± 0.37 1.71 ± 0.35 0.3\n Renal Kt/V 0.25 ± 0.34 0.22 ± 0.32 0.39 0.24 ± 0.33 0.22 ± 0.36 0.83\n Total Kt/V 2.01 ± 0.22 1.99 ± 0.23 0.4 2.02 ± 0.23 1.93 ± 0.21 0.03\n nPNA 0.99 ± 0.19 1.01 ± 0.22 0.42 1 ± 0.19 1.03 ± 0.26 0.44\n Hb (g/dL) 10 ± 1.4 9.9 ± 1.6 0.56 10 ± 1.5 9.8 ± 1.2 0.37\n Albumin (g/dL) 3.9 ± 0.3 3.9 ± 0.4 0.64 3.9 ± 0.4 3.8 ± 0.5 0.34\n BUN (mg/dL) 67 ± 15 67 ± 18 0.97 67 ± 16 67 ± 18 0.8\n Creatinine (mg/dL) 12.3 ± 2.9 12 ± 2.7 0.37 12.2 ± 2.7 12 ± 3.2 0.69\n PTH (pg/mL) 488 ± 465 426 ± 375 0.24 479 ± 430 339 ± 369 0.05\n CRP (mg/dL) 0.4 ± 1.1 1 ± 2.2 0.01 0.5 ± 1.12 1.7 ± 3.4 0.03\n NT pro-BNP (ng/mL) 415 ± 1017 751 ± 1373 0.03 467 ± 1064 1206 ± 1724 0.01\n Cardiac/thoracic ratio (%) 48 ± 6 50 ± 7 \\<0.01 49 ± 7 51 ± 7 0.05\n Relative OH (%) 9.7 ± 9.1 11 ± 9.7 0.27 10.2 ± 9.2 11 ± 10.5 0.62\n ECW (L) 14.4 ± 3.3 14.9 ± 3.1 0.22 14.6 ± 3.2 14.8 ± 3.4 0.62\n ICW (L) 15.6 ± 3.7 15.5 ± 3.4 0.96 15.6 ± 3.5 15.1 ± 3.9 0.35\n ECW/ICW 0.9 ± 0.1 1 ± 0.1 0.02 0.9 ± 0.1 1 ± 0.1 \\<0.01\n Follow-up duration 50 ± 24 37 ± 21 \\<0.01 45 ± 24 36 ± 19 0.01\n\nACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CGN, chronic glomerulonephritis; CRP, C-reactive protein; DMN, diabetic nephropathy; ECW, extracellular water; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; Hb, hemoglobin; HTN, hypertension; ICW, intracellular water; nPNA, normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance; NT pro-BNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; OH, over-hydration; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PTH, parathyroid hormone.",
"\n\njcm-07-00557-t004_Table 4\n\n###### \n\nCox proportional hazard regression analyses with technique failure and mortality as the dependent variables.",
"\n\n ----------------------- -------------- ------ -----------\n **Technique Failure** \n Variable B ± SE HR *p*-Value\n Age 0.01 ± 0.01 1.01 0.12\n Male (vs. female) 0.65 ± 0.2 1.91 \\<0.01\n Diabetes mellitus −0.07 ± 0.24 0.94 0.54\n Ln (NT-proBNP) 0.13 ± 0.05 1.13 \\<0.01\n CT ratio (%) 0.04 ± 0.01 1.04 \\<0.01\n CRP (mg/dL) 0.01 ± 0.004 1.01 \\<0.01\n **Mortality** \n Variable B ± SE HR *p*-Value\n Age 0.09 ± 0.02 1.1 \\<0.01\n Male (vs. female) 1.12 ± 0.38 3.05 \\<0.01\n Diabetes mellitus 0.02 ± 0.39 1.02 0.95\n CRP (mg/dL) 0.02 ± 0.004 1.02 \\<0.01\n Ln(NT-proBNP) 0.44 ± 0.1 1.56 \\<0.01\n ----------------------- -------------- ------ -----------\n\nCRP, C-reactive protein; CT, cardiothoracic; HR, hazard ratio; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; SE, standard error.",
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention concerns a method of using a microemulsion to detoxify articles contaminated with chemical warfare agents.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Related Art\nThe introduction of chemical warfare agents went hand in hand not only with the need for protection but also with the need for a possible method of decontaminating articles and persons which had been contaminated, i.e. of destroying or washing off adhering warfare agents. ",
"Articles to be decontaminated range from protective masks to aircraft. ",
"The fundamental methods are chemical, based predominantly on oxidation or hydrolysis, and physical, involving soap, water and solvent. ",
"In addition the contamination of permeable protective suits, which always contain active charcoal, requires relatively high temperatures in order to desorb the warfare agents from the charcoal.",
"\nThe requirements placed on a decontamination method can be summarized as follows:\n1. ",
"The subjects treated should not be damaged. ",
"PA1 2. ",
"The decontamination agent should be nonpolluting and non-toxic to humans. ",
"PA1 3. ",
"The products employed should not be readily flammable, either individually or in the mixture employed. ",
"PA1 4. ",
"Application should be possible under all conceivable conditions, including those of temperature (31 20.degree. ",
"C. to 55.degree. ",
"C.). ",
"PA1 5. ",
"High storage stability of the individual components, and good stability of the ready-to-use mixture. ",
"PA1 6. ",
"The logistical problems should be minimal.",
"\nIn the case of the methods often based on chlorinated lime currently used in the NATO sector, these requirements are in some cases no more than wishful thinking. ",
"Although the warfare agents are destroyed, application is relatively simple and the products used in these methods are inexpensive, oxidative decontamination methods are highly corrosive, for which reason they cannot be used, for example, for aircraft, sensitive equipment (.e.g. ",
"radio equipment), motor-vehicle interiors, etc.; ",
"they readily remove fresh alkyd resin coatings, have a sometimes inadequate effect against poisons which have penetrated more deeply, and the chemicals used are neither nonpolluting nor easy to store. ",
"The composition of C-8 emulsion is:\n7.5% calcium hypochlorite\n15% perchloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride\n1% emulsifier\n76.5% water\nMoreover, in the USA and many western countries the DS 2 solution is used which, because of its chemical composition--2% concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, 70% diethylenetriamine and 28% ethylene glycol monomethyl ether--is classified not only as extremely aggressive but also as a fire hazard."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a wireless communication system. ",
"More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving fast mobility Internet Protocol version 6 (FMIPv6) with a link identifier prefix (LinkID prefix) in a portable Internet system according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16d/e, wireless broadband Internet (WiBro), and World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), among others.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of Related Art\nA fourth generation mobile communication unifies systems, such as IEEE 802.16d/e, WiBro, and WiMax, among others. ",
"In the fourth generation mobile communication, satellite networks, wireless networks, digital broadcasting networks, and video broadcasting networks are unified into a single network and systematically interoperate with each other. ",
"Accordingly, a user may utilize a communication service such as a portable Internet in a preferred state, with any network.",
"\nFIG. ",
"1 is a diagram illustrating a conventional wireless communication system 100 environment. ",
"Referring to FIG. ",
"1, mobile nodes (MN) may receive a communication service, such as a call, digital broadcasting, and downloading or uploading of digital medial data, among others, via access points (APs). ",
"The APs and an access router (AR) are connected to each other, based on an Ethernet. ",
"A routed Internet Protocol (IP) via a control of the AR is sent or received to/from a destination node or a destination server via a corresponding AP.",
"\nIn FIG. ",
"1, the AP functions as a bridge for a fast connection to the MN. ",
"Also, the AP functions to process scheduling of wireless resources and a radio frequency (RF) control function. ",
"The AR is an IP terminating point which is mainly in charge of a Layer 3 (L3), and routes IP packets so that the IP packets may be appropriately sent and received between the APs and the MNs. ",
"The AR interoperates with a home agent (HA) which performs a mobile IP registration allocation and a data encapsulation. ",
"The HA is connected to the AR via an IP core network including an IP public access network. ",
"In addition, an Authentication/Authority/Accounting (AAA) server, a quality manager, a location register, and an application server, among others, may be connected to the AR via the IP core network.",
"\nIn the conventional wireless communication system 100 environment, the AR may support mobility of nodes according to FMIPv6 which is advanced IPv6. ",
"Fast handoff by FMIPv6 is disclosed in RFC4068. ",
"To support an IP as described above, the AR manages a candidate access router (CAR) table as shown in FIG. ",
"2.",
"\nWhen a MN moves from a service area of a first AP (AP1) of a subnet where a first AR (AR1) covers, to a service area of a second AP (AP2) of a subnet where a second AR (AR2) covers, in an environment as shown in FIG. ",
"1, an access point Media Access Control (AP MAC) address or a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) may be acquired by scanning an L2 beacon. ",
"Accordingly, the MN inserts the BSSID into a Proxy Router Solicitation (PRS) message, and sends the message to a previous AR. ",
"For example, the message may be sent to the AR1 illustrated in FIG. ",
"2, to acquire information about a new AR, for example, the AR2 shown in FIG. ",
"2.",
"\nThe previous AR, for example, the AR1, inserts information, for example, PREFIX 2 of FIG. ",
"2, about the new AR, for example, the AR2, into the PRS message and thereby generates an advertisement. ",
"Accordingly, the MN constructs a new care-of address (NCoA), and sends a predetermined binding message to the previous AR which is the AR1. ",
"According to an exemplary implementation, the binding message consists of the NCoA and the BSSID. ",
"The MN receives a predetermined acknowledgement (Ack) message from the previous AR, for example, the AR1, according to the binding message. ",
"The previous AR, for example, the AR1, transfers IP packets of an L3 to the new AR, for example, the AR2.",
"\nTherefore, when the MN moves to the subnet of the AR2 and sends a predetermined advertisement message to communicate with the AP2, the new AR (AR2) receives the advertisement message from the previous AR (AR1) and sends buffered IP packets to the MN. ",
"As described above, when performing a handoff from the subnet of the AR1 to the subnet of the AR2, a significant amount of signaling occurs among MNs, APs, and ARs.",
"\nIn a conventional handoff method, an L3 handoff, such as a subnet change, may not be directly determined from information which is contained in an L2 beacon. ",
"Accordingly, when the AP1 and the AP2 belong to an identical subnet which is connected to an identical AR, the L3 handoff is also performed in the conventional handoff method. ",
"Accordingly, unnecessary signaling still occurs between the MN and the AP1, between the MN and the AR1, and between the AR1 and the AR2. ",
"Also, in the conventional handoff method, there is a disadvantage of overhead that prefixes corresponding to the APs and the ARs must be preset in the candidate access router (CAR) table, as shown in FIG. ",
"2, to support a handoff.",
"\nAccordingly, there is a need for an improved system and method for performing a handoff by dynamically constructing an access router table ARs according to a link identifier prefix that a MN receives from any of the ARs, and thereby detecting an appropriate AP."
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"Spring Breaks and Cigarette Tax Noncompliance: Evidence From a New York City College Sample.",
"\nEstimate cigarette tax noncompliance (tax avoidance and evasion) before and after mid-semester recesses in a New York City college campus, where the majority of students are residents of nearby lower-tax states, using data derived from garbology, an archaeological method that reconstructs patterns of human behavior from discarded materials. ",
"We systematically divided the college campus into four geographic areas and established a total of 12 transects (survey lines) and five quadrats (survey spheres) in those areas to encompass 74 outdoor trash cans. ",
"Weekly collections of discarded cigarette packs (n = 174) in the four areas during Spring 2012 and 2013 were conducted to quantify the percentage of cigarette packs that were tax noncompliant. ",
"Overall, we find that 72.4% of the cigarette packs collected in Spring 2012 and 2013 did not bear the required joint New York City and New York State tax stamp. ",
"Additionally, we find that cigarette tax avoidance significantly increased after recesses (mid-March and early April) in Spring 2012 and subsequently declined. ",
"We also find that packs with a Virginia tax stamp became more prevalent as time elapsed after each recess. ",
"College students practice tax avoidance, drawing on legal purchases from their own home states as the primary source of cheap cigarettes. ",
"As stocks decline, some students shift to tax evasion by illegally purchasing cigarettes in New York City that have been bootlegged from low tax states (eg, Virginia). ",
"Our study adds to the growing literature on cigarette tax noncompliance (ie, tax avoidance and evasion). ",
"First, we provide evidence that college students in our New York City sample avoid the payment of taxes in high tax states by purchasing low taxed cigarettes in their home state. ",
"Second, we find that once those sources are depleted, students find access to the black market nearby campus. ",
"This black market functions through cigarette tax evasion: the resale of cigarettes purchased in low tax states. ",
"Our study suggests that institutions of higher education operating in states with high cigarette taxes and a student body that resides in lower tax states should increase cessation services prior to breaks to discourage bulk purchases of cheap cigarettes."
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"This week's Sunday Million saw a big leap in entrants with 6,703 taking part, bettering last week's field by more than a thousand. ",
"That group built a total prize pool of $1,340,600 -- well over the $1 million guarantee for the $215 buy-in no-limit hold'em tournament -- and after more than 11 hours it looked like Team Online member Naoya \"nkeyno\" Kihara might be on the verge of securing a much coveted Sunday Million win.",
"\n\nAlas for Kihara, DeLLiNhoIB of Greece would stage a late comeback to win this week's title and $203,909.40 first prize, with Kihara earning a nice consolation reward of more than $150K for his runner-up finish.",
"\n\nThe money bubble burst once the field was carved down to 990 players, and some time later just 200 were left with no less than four red spades still in the counts. ",
"Team PokerStars Pro Andre \"aakkari\" Akkari would soon bow out in 187th place ($683.70), leaving three members of Team Online among the remaining combatants.",
"\n\nMarc-Andre \"FrenchDawg\" Ladouceur was one of them, and he'd last a while longer before committing a stack of about 12 big blinds with A♥J♣, getting called by mattwut1 who held A♣K♠, and with no improvement from the board going out in 143rd ($898.20).",
"\n\nIn Millar's last hand he'd three-bet his last 10 bigs with A♥9♠, get called by nherrego who had A♠J♥, and watch the board come T♥5♥Q♠4♥K♠ to end his Sunday Million run and award the $215 bounty on him to nherrego.",
"\n\nTeam Online member Alex \"Kanu7\" Millar\n\nThat would leave but one red spade in the counts, the one next to Naoya \"nkeyno\" Kihara's name. ",
"After battling with a short stack for a decent stretch, Kihara began to move up the counts as they played down to the last two tables, and with 18 left was sitting in second position behind DeLLiNhoIB before soon moving out in front.",
"\n\nPIPON777 (18th), o777oo39rus (17th), and eijseijs (16th) each earned $3,753.68 for their finishes. ",
"AlwaysGoBig9 (15th), Kiwstraude (14th), and Heald007 (13th) next followed, taking away $5,630.52. ",
"As Kihara gathered more chips and created distance between himself and the pack, Bizzle's up (12th), Lena900 (11th), and pantri (10th) were knocked out, each cashing for $7,507.36.",
"\n\nThe final table was set, with Kihara sitting on a leading stack of more than 18 million.",
"\n\nKihara typed \"hi gl all!\" ",
"as the final table began, and the table's short stack, Buffett1986, responded \"be nice to me nkeyno.\" ",
"But alas for the latter it would take but four hands at the final table for Buffett1986 to become the final table's first elimination.",
"\n\nWIth the blinds 100k/200k, Buffett1986 open-raised all in for 1,930,816 from middle position, then vladxxxro reraise-shoved for nearly twice that from a seat over, causing folds all around. ",
"Buffett1986 had J♠J♥ and vladxxxro A♦K♦, and after the 3♣A♣6♠8♥Q♣ board vladxxxro's pair of aces were best and Buffett1986 was out in ninth.",
"\n\nA little over an orbit later the blinds were up to 125k/250k when Shippotamus opened for 500,000 from early position, then hartwood777 reraised to 1.25 million from the button. ",
"The blinds folded, Shippotamus shipped it for 7,677,043 total, and hartwood777 called.",
"\n\nShippotamus had picked up A♥K♣, but had unfortunately run into the A♣A♦ of hartwood777. ",
"The community cards came J♠3♦K♥5♣2♦ and hartwood777's aces held, sending Shippotamus to the rail in eighth.",
"\n\nNot long after that hand Naoya \"nkeyno\" Kihara opened with a raise to 625,000 from early position, then vladxxxro reraised all in fro 4,141,570 from a seat over. ",
"The others all folded and Kihara called, showing A♦Q♥ to vladxxxro's T♦T♠.",
"\n\nThe J♥Q♠8♦ flop paired Kihara's queen, and after the 6♦ turn and 2♦ river vladxxxro was done in seventh.",
"\n\nThe blinds moved up again to 150k/300k, then likely2cash raised to 600,000 from early position and hartwood777 called from a seat over. ",
"The flop came 8♣7♣5♦. ",
"likely2cash checked, hartwood777 bet 900,000, likely2cash reraised to 4,728,333, and hartwood777 called.",
"\n\nlikely2cash had 5♣2♣ for a pair of fives and a flush draw, while hartwood777 had A♥7♥ for a better pair of sevens. ",
"The next two streets came T♥ then 6♥, and likely2cash did cash, collecting sixth-place prize money.",
"\n\nThe remaining five battled onward, then a big hand occurred between Kihara and hartwood777. ",
"It began with hartwood777 making a 3x raise to 900,000 from the button, then Kihara reraised all in from the big blind and hartwood called all in with the 11,815,348 left behind, thus creating a pot worth more than 25.7 million.",
"\n\nhartwood777 had the better of it before the flop with A♠Q♣ to Kihara's A♣6♣, and was still ahead through the 9♣T♥5♥ flop and 3♥ turn. ",
"But the river brought the 6♥, pairing Kihara's six and ending hartwood777's Sunday Million in fifth place.",
"\n\nThe Kihara express continued to roll after that, and soon the Team Online member would be involved in another hand that saw DeLLiNhoIB open for 2x to 600,000 from under the gun, Kihara reraise to 1.65 million from the small blind, DJ Ingvar call from the big blind, and DeLLiNhoIB fold.",
"\n\nThe flop came J♠A♣K♣, and nkeyno led for 1.5 million with DJ Ingvar calling. ",
"The turn brought the T♠ and a bet of 2.7 million from Kihara, again called by DJ Ingvar.",
"\n\nThe river was the 4♣. ",
"This time Kihara shoved all in, and DJ Ingvar called with the 4,912,148 left behind, turning over K♠K♦ for a set of kings. ",
"Kihara had Q♦J♣ for a Broadway straight, however, and they were down to three.",
"\n\nAfter that hand, Kihara had more than 43.6 million to the 18.3 million of DeLLiNhoIB and just over 5 million of Hetflush.",
"\n\nTeam Online member Naoya \"nkeyno\" Kihara\n\nHowever, on the next two consecutive hands each of Kihara's opponents would double through him, with DeLLiNhoIB taking over the lead.",
"\n\nFirst Hetflush's A♣K♦ outran Kihara's 5♥5♦ when an ace came, then DeLLiNhoIB used A♠7♠ to double-up against Kihara's 8♦8♠ when the board came 4♠T♠7♥8♣2♠ to give DeLLiNhoIB a flush and a pot of more than 36 million.",
"\n\nThe trio battled on past the 11-hour mark of the tournament with DeLLiNhoIB remaining in front, then edging out further to build a stack up over 40 million as the other two players became short.",
"\n\nThen with the blinds at 250k/500k, Hetflush open-raised all in for 6,129,502 from the button and DeLLiNhoIB called. ",
"It was A♦4♠ for Hetflush and K♦J♥ for DeLLiNhoIB, and the 9♣8♠K♥ flop quickly swung the advantage to DeLLiNhoIB. ",
"The turn was the T♣ and river the 3♦, and they were down to just two.",
"\n\nDeLLiNhoIB enjoyed a big lead to start heads-up play with 58,739,004 to Kihara's 8,290,996. ",
"After five hands their stacks were essentially the same, then the end swiftly arrived.",
"\n\nDeLLiNhoIB opened with a min-raise to 1 million, and when Kihara pushed all in for 8,903,996, DeLLiNhoIB called.",
"\n\nnkeyno: K♣8♠DeLLiNhoIB: T♥T♣\n\nKihara needed a king or some other friendly combination of cards to come, and the 3♣4♠8♣ flop provided a start by pairing his eight. ",
"But the turn was the 2♥ and river the A♦, and Kihara had come one spot shy of the win.",
"\n\nCongratulations to DeLLiNhoIB for topping just over 6,700 players to take this week's Sunday Million title and a big first prize of more than $200K. And kudos as well to Team Online member Kihara for earning more than $150K himself for his runner-up finish, the news of which he shared with his Twitter followers shortly after the tournament finished.",
"\n\nthanks all for support!",
"\nlost HU, finished in 2nd.",
"\nI really wanted the sunday million title, but still huuuuge result!",
"\n\nThe buy-ins are considerably less than that needed to play the Sunday Million, but the rewards are plenty big in MicroMillions 8, the 100-tournament series that still has another week's worth of events to go. ",
"Check out the remaining MicroMillions 8 schedule by clicking here."
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"Geopathic stress zones: short-term effects on work performance and well-being?",
"\nThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether two different locations in the same room as tested by dowsers (\"geopathic stress zone\" [GSZ] versus \"more neutral zone\" [NZ]) would show significant short-term effects on work performance and well-being. ",
"It was also tested whether a device reported to \"neutralize\" GSZ would influence results obtained with the specific setup used in this study. ",
"This was a blinded, randomized, short-term laboratory experiment using a within-subject design. ",
"The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Research Institute for Frontier Questions of Medicine and Biotechnology at Salzburg Federal Hospital. ",
"The subjects were 26 persons, aged 20-57. ",
"Participants had to accomplish reaction tasks during three different conditions: GSZ, NZ, and GSZ with a device reported to \"neutralize\" GSZ. ",
"These conditions were counterbalanced into six different sequences and randomized to the subjects. ",
"At the end of each condition, a standardized well-being questionnaire had to be completed. ",
"Dependent variables were reactive stress tolerance (reaction time, timely right answers, right answers, false answers, left out) and well-being (described by six adjectives). ",
"No location-dependent effects on performance during reactive stress tolerance test were seen. ",
"For well-being, analysis of variance revealed a trend (p = 0.07) and showed significantly poorer well-being during the GSZ condition compared to NZ (p = 0.01). ",
"This study shows that well-being can be location dependent and that this might be caused by a so-called GSZ. ",
"However, in our short-term experiment, factors of work performance tested remained unaffected."
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"It is the aim of this study to test the hypothesis that also mRNA levels are down-regulated in dilated cardiomyopathy. ",
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"Facebook is trying to improve relations with skeptical newsrooms by making several investments in journalism tools, training, and news literacy.",
"\n\nOn Wednesday the company announced a new umbrella for its initiatives, called the \"Facebook Journalism Project,\" with three different parts.",
"\n\nIn some cases Facebook is promoting what it already does and expanding the efforts. ",
"In other cases it is setting up new partnerships with news organizations and advocacy groups. ",
"One of them is the News Literacy Project.",
"\n\nThe overarching message is that the social media giant wants to be a friend, not a foe, of cash-strapped news organizations.",
"\n\n\"We're investing a lot of time,\" said Patrick Walker, the head of media partnerships for Facebook in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.",
"\n\nFacebook staffers have forged relationships with media companies for many years. ",
"Last week the company hired a high-level liasion to the news business, former CNN and NBC anchor Campbell Brown.",
"\n\nWhat's different now? ",
"At a panel discussion in London on Wednesday, Walker said \"we're trying to get deeper at collaborating\" with news outlets.",
"\n\nOne example, announced Wednesday, involves linking Facebook engineers with their counterparts in newsrooms.",
"\n\nThe idea is that \"we can build together from the early stages of the product development process,\" Fidji Simo, Facebook's director of product for media, said in a blog post.",
"\n\n\"New storytelling formats\" are already in the works, Simo said, and so are ways to promote news subscriptions within Facebook.",
"\n\nSimo said local news is another area of focus for the company. ",
"Many local and regional newspapers have experienced severe cutbacks in recent years as digital advertising has supplanted print.",
"\n\nThat's one of many reasons why many journalists tend to approach Facebook with skepticism. ",
"While the social network is a huge part of newsroom efforts to share links to stories, it is sometimes a frustrating partner. ",
"Employees at media companies complain that Facebook is too opaque about its operations and too slow to recognize its responsibilities as a distributor of news and opinion.",
"\n\nFacebook is also under pressure to curb the spread of so-called \"fake news\" -- hoax stories designed to deceive people. ",
"The company recently started testing warning labels on disputed stories.",
"\n\nWednesday's announcement emphasized media literacy as an implicit response to the issue of \"fake news.\"",
"\n\n\"We will help organizations already doing important work in this area, such as the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University, and bring a consortium of experts together to help decide on what new research to conduct and projects to fund,\" Simo said. \"",
"In the short-term, we are working with the News Literacy Project to produce a series of Public Service Ads (PSAs) to help inform people on Facebook about this important issue.\"",
"\n\nFacebook will also look to make financial grants to news outlets that are trying to address news literacy, Simo said.",
"\n\nThe company said it would also expand its training and e-learning courses, meant to help journalists become more proficient at using the social network."
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"Revelation 2\n\nRevelation 2Easy-to-Read Version (ERV)\n\nJesus’ Letter to the Church in Ephesus\n\n2 “Write this to the angel of the church in Ephesus:\n\n“Here is a message from the one who holds the seven stars in his right hand and walks among the seven golden lampstands.",
"\n\n2 “I know what you do, how hard you work and never give up. ",
"I know that you don’t accept evil people. ",
"You have tested those who say they are apostles but are not. ",
"You found that they are liars.3 You never stop trying. ",
"You have endured troubles for my name and have not given up.",
"\n\n4 “But I have this against you: You have left the love you had in the beginning.5 So remember where you were before you fell. ",
"Change your hearts and do what you did at first. ",
"If you don’t change, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place.6 But there is something you do that is right—you hate the things that the Nicolaitans[a] do. ",
"I also hate what they do.",
"\n\n7 “Everyone who hears this should listen to what the Spirit says to the churches. ",
"To those who win the victory I will give the right to eat the fruit from the tree of life, which is in God’s paradise.",
"\n\nJesus’ Letter to the Church in Smyrna\n\n8 “Write this to the angel of the church in Smyrna:\n\n“Here is a message from the one who is the First and the Last, the one who died and came to life again.",
"\n\n9 “I know your troubles, and I know that you are poor, but really you are rich! ",
"I know the insults you have suffered from people who say they are Jews. ",
"But they are not true Jews. ",
"They are a group[b] that belongs to Satan.10 Don’t be afraid of what will happen to you. ",
"I tell you, the devil will put some of you in prison. ",
"He will do this to test you. ",
"You will suffer for ten days, but be faithful, even if you have to die. ",
"If you continue to be faithful, I will give you the reward[c] of life.",
"\n\n11 “Everyone who hears this should listen to what the Spirit says to the churches. ",
"Those who win the victory will not be hurt by the second death.",
"\n\nJesus’ Letter to the Church in Pergamum\n\n12 “Write this to the angel of the church in Pergamum:\n\n“Here is a message from the one who has the sharp two-edged sword.",
"\n\n13 “I know where you live. ",
"You live where Satan has his throne, but you are true to me. ",
"You did not refuse to tell about your faith in me even during the time of Antipas. ",
"Antipas was my faithful witness[d] who was killed in your city, the city where Satan lives.",
"\n\n14 “But I have a few things against you. ",
"You have people there who follow the teaching of Balaam. ",
"Balaam taught Balak how to make the people of Israel sin. ",
"They sinned by eating food offered to idols and by committing sexual sins.15 It is the same in your group. ",
"You have people who follow the teaching of the Nicolaitans.16 So change your hearts! ",
"If you don’t change, I will come to you quickly and fight against these people with the sword that comes out of my mouth.",
"\n\n17 “Everyone who hears this should listen to what the Spirit says to the churches!",
"\n\n“I will give the hidden manna to everyone who wins the victory. ",
"I will also give each one a white stone that has a new name written on it. ",
"And no one will know this name except the one who gets the stone.",
"\n\nJesus’ Letter to the Church in Thyatira\n\n18 “Write this to the angel of the church in Thyatira:\n\n“Here is a message from the Son of God, the one who has eyes that blaze like fire and feet like shining brass.",
"\n\n19 “I know what you do. ",
"I know about your love, your faith, your service, and your patience. ",
"I know that you are doing more now than you did at first.20 But I have this against you: You let that woman Jezebel do what she wants. ",
"She says that she is a prophet,[e] but she is leading my people away with her teaching. ",
"Jezebel leads my people to commit sexual sins and to eat food that is offered to idols.21 I have given her time to change her heart and turn away from her sin, but she does not want to change.",
"\n\n22 “So I will throw her on a bed of suffering. ",
"And all those who commit adultery with her will suffer greatly. ",
"I will do this now if they don’t turn away from the things she does.23 I will also kill her followers. ",
"Then all the churches will see that I am the one who knows what people feel and think. ",
"And I will repay each of you for what you have done.",
"\n\n24 “But others of you in Thyatira have not followed her teaching. ",
"You have not learned the things they call ‘Satan’s deep secrets.’ ",
"This is what I say to you: I will not put any other burden on you.25 Only hold on to the truth you have until I come.",
"\n\n26 “I will give power over the nations to all those who win the victory and continue until the end to do what I want.27 They will rule the nations with an iron rod. ",
"They will break them to pieces like clay pots.[f]28 They will have the same power I received from my Father, and I will give them the morning star.29 Everyone who hears this should listen to what the Spirit says to the churches.",
"\n\nFootnotes:\n\nRevelation 2:6Nicolaitans A religious group that followed wrong ideas. ",
"Also in verse 15.",
"\n\nYou'll get this book and many others when you join Bible Gateway Plus. ",
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"package com.hearthsim.test.groovy.card.classic.minion\n\nimport com.hearthsim.card.",
"CharacterIndex\nimport com.hearthsim.card.classic.minion.epic.",
"PatientAssassin\nimport com.hearthsim.model.",
"BoardModel\nimport com.hearthsim.test.groovy.card.",
"CardSpec\nimport com.hearthsim.test.helpers.",
"BoardModelBuilder\nimport com.hearthsim.util.tree.",
"HearthTreeNode\n\nimport static com.hearthsim.model.",
"PlayerSide.",
"CURRENT_PLAYER\nimport static com.hearthsim.model.",
"PlayerSide.",
"WAITING_PLAYER\nimport static org.junit.",
"Assert.assertFalse\n\nclass PatientAssassinSpec extends CardSpec {\n \n HearthTreeNode root\n BoardModel startingBoard\n\n def setup() {\n\n def minionMana = 2;\n def attack = 5;\n def health = 3;\n\n def commonField = [\n [mana: minionMana, attack: attack, maxHealth: health],\n ]\n\n startingBoard = new BoardModelBuilder().make {\n currentPlayer {\n hand([PatientAssassin])\n field([[minion: PatientAssassin]])\n mana(7)\n }\n waitingPlayer {\n field(commonField)\n mana(4)\n }\n }\n\n root = new HearthTreeNode(startingBoard)\n }\n\n def \"playing Patient Assassin and attacking the Hero with it\"() {\n def copiedBoard = startingBoard.deepCopy()\n def theCard = root.data_.getCurrentPlayer().getHand().get(0)\n def ret = theCard.useOn(CURRENT_PLAYER, CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1, root)\n\n def patientAssassin = ret.data_.modelForSide(CURRENT_PLAYER).getCharacter(CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1)\n def ret2 = patientAssassin.attack(WAITING_PLAYER, CharacterIndex.",
"HERO, ret)\n\n expect:\n assertFalse(ret == null);\n\n assertBoardDelta(copiedBoard, ret2.data_) {\n currentPlayer {\n playMinion(PatientAssassin)\n mana(5)\n updateMinion(CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1, [hasAttacked: true, stealthedUntilRevealed: false])\n numCardsUsed(1)\n }\n waitingPlayer {\n heroHealth(29)\n }\n }\n }\n \n def \"playing Patient Assassin and attacking a minion with it\"() {\n def copiedBoard = startingBoard.deepCopy()\n def theCard = root.data_.getCurrentPlayer().getHand().get(0)\n def ret = theCard.useOn(CURRENT_PLAYER, CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1, root)\n\n def patientAssassin = ret.data_.modelForSide(CURRENT_PLAYER).getCharacter(CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1)\n def ret2 = patientAssassin.attack(WAITING_PLAYER, CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1, ret)\n\n expect:\n assertFalse(ret == null);\n\n assertBoardDelta(copiedBoard, ret2.data_) {\n currentPlayer {\n playMinion(PatientAssassin)\n mana(5)\n removeMinion(CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1)\n numCardsUsed(1)\n }\n waitingPlayer {\n removeMinion(CharacterIndex.",
"MINION_1)\n }\n }\n }\n}\n"
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