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@@ -42,16 +42,24 @@ The dataset consists of more than 10 hours of annotated videos, and it includes
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  In the annotation process for this dataset, a team of 10 people was involved, with an expert zoologist overseeing the process.
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  Each behavior was labeled based on its distinctive features, using a standardized set of criteria to ensure consistency and accuracy across the annotations.
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  The dataset was collected using drones that flew over the animals in the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Kenya, providing high-quality video footage of the animal's natural behaviors.
 
 
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  <!--This dataset card aims to be a base template for new datasets. It has been generated using [this raw template](https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface_hub/blob/main/src/huggingface_hub/templates/datasetcard_template.md?plain=1).-->
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  ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
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- [Include Benchmarks Here]
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ### Languages
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Dataset Structure
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@@ -67,6 +75,17 @@ rm -rf giraffes_part_*
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  # Similarly for `zebras_grevys_part_*` and `zebras_plains_part_*`
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  ```
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  The KABR dataset follows the Charades format:
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  ```
@@ -116,13 +135,24 @@ The dataset can be directly loaded and processed by the [SlowFast](https://githu
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  * ZG0XXX.X - Grevy's Zebras
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  * Within each of these folders the images are simply `X.jpg`.
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  ### Data Fields
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ### Data Splits
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- Training and validation sets are indicated by their respecive CSV files, located within the `annotation` folder.
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  ## Dataset Creation
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@@ -137,7 +167,8 @@ The dataset was collected using drones that flew over the animals in the [Mpala
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  We believe that this dataset will be a valuable resource for researchers working on animal behavior recognition, as it provides a diverse and high-quality set of annotated videos that can be used for evaluating deep learning models.
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  Additionally, the dataset can be used to study the behavior patterns of Kenyan animals and can help to inform conservation efforts and wildlife management strategies.
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- [To be added:]
 
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  We provide a detailed description of the dataset and its annotation process, along with some initial experiments on the dataset using conventional deep learning models.
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  The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the dataset for animal behavior recognition and highlight the potential for further research in this area.
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@@ -145,33 +176,35 @@ The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the dataset for animal behavior rec
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  #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
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- [More Information Needed]
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- Data was collected from 6 January 2023 through 21 January 2023 at the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Kenya.
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  #### Who are the source language producers?
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  [More Information Needed]
 
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  ### Annotations
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  #### Annotation process
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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  In the annotation process for this dataset, a team of 10 people was involved, with an expert zoologist overseeing the process.
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  Each behavior was labeled based on its distinctive features, using a standardized set of criteria to ensure consistency and accuracy across the annotations.
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  #### Who are the annotators?
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  [More Information Needed]
 
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  ### Personal and Sensitive Information
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Considerations for Using the Data
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-
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  ### Social Impact of Dataset
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  [More Information Needed]
@@ -179,28 +212,16 @@ Each behavior was labeled based on its distinctive features, using a standardize
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  ### Discussion of Biases
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  [More Information Needed]
 
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  ### Other Known Limitations
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Additional Information
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- ### Dataset Curators
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### ```sing Information
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Citation Information
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Contributions
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-
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- <!---location for authors instead of under curators?--->
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  * Maksim Kholiavchenko (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) - ORCID: 0000-0001-6757-1957
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  * Jenna Kline (The Ohio State University)
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  * Michelle Ramirez (The Ohio State University)
@@ -214,4 +235,24 @@ Each behavior was labeled based on its distinctive features, using a standardize
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  * Eduardo Bessa (Universidade de Brasília) - ORCID: 0000-0003-0606-5860
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  * Tanya Berger-Wolf (The Ohio State University) - ORCID: 0000-0001-7610-1412
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  * Daniel Rubenstein (Princeton University) - ORCID: 0000-0001-9049-5219
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- * Charles Stewart (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  In the annotation process for this dataset, a team of 10 people was involved, with an expert zoologist overseeing the process.
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  Each behavior was labeled based on its distinctive features, using a standardized set of criteria to ensure consistency and accuracy across the annotations.
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  The dataset was collected using drones that flew over the animals in the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Kenya, providing high-quality video footage of the animal's natural behaviors.
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+ The drone footage is captured at a resolution of 5472 x 3078 pixels, and the videos were recorded at a frame rate of 29.97 frames per second.
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+
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  <!--This dataset card aims to be a base template for new datasets. It has been generated using [this raw template](https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface_hub/blob/main/src/huggingface_hub/templates/datasetcard_template.md?plain=1).-->
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  ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
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+ The results of our evaluation using I3D, SlowFast, and X3D architectures are given in the table below. For each one, the model was trained for 120 epochs with batch size of 5. For more information on these results, see our [paper](coming soon).
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+
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+ | Method | All | Giraffes | Plains Zebras | Grevy’s Zebras |
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+ | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
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+ | I3D (16x5) | 53.41 | 61.82 | 58.75 | 46.73 |
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+ | SlowFast (16x5, 4x5) | 52.92 | 61.15 | 60.60 | 47.42 |
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+ | X3D (16x5) | 61.9 | 65.1 | 63.11 | 51.16 |
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  ### Languages
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+ English
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  ## Dataset Structure
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  # Similarly for `zebras_grevys_part_*` and `zebras_plains_part_*`
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  ```
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+ Alternatively, there is a download script, `download.py`, which allows a download of the entire dataset in its established format without requiring one to clone the repository (cloning requires _at least_ double the size of the dataset to store). To proceed with this approach, download `download.py` to the system where you want to access the data.
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+ Then, in the same directory as the script, run the following to begin the download:
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+ ```
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+ pip install requests
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+ python download.py
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+ ```
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+
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+ This script then downloads all the files present in the repository (without making a clone of the `.git` directory, etc.), concatenates the part files to their ZIP archives, verifies the MD5 checksums, extracts, and cleans up so that the folder structure, as described below, is present.
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+ Note that it will require approximately 116GB of free space to complete this process, though the final dataset will only take about 61GB of disk space (the script removes the extra files after checking the download was successful).
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+
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  The KABR dataset follows the Charades format:
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  ```
 
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  * ZG0XXX.X - Grevy's Zebras
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  * Within each of these folders the images are simply `X.jpg`.
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+ **Note:** The dataset consists of a total of 1,139,893 frames captured from drone videos. There are 488,638 frames of Grevy's zebras, 492,507 frames of plains zebras, and 158,748 frames of giraffes.
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  ### Data Fields
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+ There are 14,764 unique behavioral sequences in the dataset. These consist of eight distinct behaviors:
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+ - Walk
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+ - Trot
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+ - Run: animal is moving at a cantor or gallop
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+ - Graze: animal is eating grass or other vegetation
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+ - Browse: animal is eating trees or bushes
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+ - Head Up: animal is looking around or observe surroundings
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+ - Auto-Groom: animal is grooming itself (licking, scratching, or rubbing)
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+ - Occluded: animal is not fully visible
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  ### Data Splits
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+ Training and validation sets are indicated by their respective CSV files (`train.csv` and `val.csv`), located within the `annotation` folder.
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  ## Dataset Creation
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  We believe that this dataset will be a valuable resource for researchers working on animal behavior recognition, as it provides a diverse and high-quality set of annotated videos that can be used for evaluating deep learning models.
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  Additionally, the dataset can be used to study the behavior patterns of Kenyan animals and can help to inform conservation efforts and wildlife management strategies.
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+ <!-- [To be added:] -->
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+
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  We provide a detailed description of the dataset and its annotation process, along with some initial experiments on the dataset using conventional deep learning models.
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  The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the dataset for animal behavior recognition and highlight the potential for further research in this area.
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  #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
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+ Data was collected from 6 January 2023 through 21 January 2023 at the [Mpala Research Centre](https://mpala.org/) in Kenya under a Nacosti research license. We used DJI Mavic 2S drones equipped with cameras to record 5.4K resolution videos (5472 x 3078 pixels) from varying altitudes and distances of 10 to 50 meters from the animals (distance was determined by circumstances and safety regulations).
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+ Mini-scenes were extracted from these videos to reduce the impact of drone movement and facilitate human annotation. Animals were detected in frame using YOLOv8, then the SORT tracking algorithm was applied to follow their movement. A 400 by 300 pixel window, centered on the animal, was then extracted; this is the mini-scene.
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+ <!--
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  #### Who are the source language producers?
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  [More Information Needed]
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+ -->
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  ### Annotations
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  #### Annotation process
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  In the annotation process for this dataset, a team of 10 people was involved, with an expert zoologist overseeing the process.
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  Each behavior was labeled based on its distinctive features, using a standardized set of criteria to ensure consistency and accuracy across the annotations.
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+ <!--
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  #### Who are the annotators?
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  [More Information Needed]
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+ -->
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  ### Personal and Sensitive Information
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+ Though there are endangered species included in this data, exact locations are not provided and their safety is assured by their location within the preserve.
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  ## Considerations for Using the Data
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+ <!--
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  ### Social Impact of Dataset
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  [More Information Needed]
 
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  ### Discussion of Biases
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  [More Information Needed]
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+ -->
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  ### Other Known Limitations
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+ This data exhibits a long-tailed distribution due to the natural variation in frequency of the observed behaviors.
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  ## Additional Information
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+ ### Authors
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  * Maksim Kholiavchenko (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) - ORCID: 0000-0001-6757-1957
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  * Jenna Kline (The Ohio State University)
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  * Michelle Ramirez (The Ohio State University)
 
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  * Eduardo Bessa (Universidade de Brasília) - ORCID: 0000-0003-0606-5860
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  * Tanya Berger-Wolf (The Ohio State University) - ORCID: 0000-0001-7610-1412
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  * Daniel Rubenstein (Princeton University) - ORCID: 0000-0001-9049-5219
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+ * Charles Stewart (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
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+
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+ ### Licensing Information
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+
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+ This dataset is dedicated to the public domain for the benefit of scientific pursuits. We ask that you cite the dataset <!--- and journal paper --> using the below citation <!-- s --> if you make use of it in your research.
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+
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+ ### Citation Information
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+
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+ ```
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+ @misc{KABR_Data,
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+ author = {Maksim Kholiavchenko and et. al},
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+ title = {KABR: High-Quality Dataset for Kenyan Animal Behavior Recognition from Drone Videos},
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+ year = {2023},
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+ doi = {},
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+ howpublished = {\url{}}}
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Contributions
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+
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+ The [Imageomics Institute](https://imageomics.org) is funded by the US National Science Foundation's Harnessing the Data Revolution (HDR) Institute program under [Award #2118240](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2118240) (Imageomics: A New Frontier of Biological Information Powered by Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning).
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+