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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Colleges_and_Universities_of_Florida", "title": "Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida", "header": [ "University", "Location", "Established", "Acceptance Rate", "Students ( Fall 2014 )", "Campus Area ( acres )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Ave Maria University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ave_Maria_University", "summary": "Ave Maria University ( AMU ) is a private Catholic university in Ave Maria , Florida . Ave Maria University shares its history with the former Ave Maria College in Ypsilanti , Michigan , which was founded in 1998 and closed in 2007 . The school was founded by Tom Monaghan , the founder of Domino 's Pizza . In 2016 , the enrollment was 1,100 , 80 percent of whom were Catholic ." } ] }, { "value": "Ave Maria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ave_Maria,_Florida", "summary": "Ave Maria , Florida , United States , is a planned college town currently under development in Collier County , near Immokalee and Naples ." } ] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "48%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,081", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barry University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barry_University", "summary": "Barry University is a private Catholic university in Miami Shores , Florida . Founded in 1940 by the Adrian Dominican Sisters , it is one of the largest Catholic universities in the Southeast and is within the territory of the Archdiocese of Miami . The university offers more than 100 degree programs , from bachelors to doctorate , in six schools and two colleges . Barry University has more than 7,000 students , a campus of 54 buildings , a branch campus in Tallahassee , a law school in Orlando , and 50,000 alumni ." } ] }, { "value": "Miami Shores", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami_Shores,_Florida", "summary": "Miami Shores is a village in Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States ." } ] }, { "value": "1940", "urls": [] }, { "value": "57%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8,518", "urls": [] }, { "value": "122", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Beacon College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beacon_College", "summary": "Beacon College , a private nonprofit college founded in 1989 in Leesburg , Florida , is the first accredited institution of higher learning designed with curriculum and support services to serve those students with dyslexia , ADHD , or other specific learning disabilities . [ citation needed ] Beacon College offers Associate of Arts and Bachelor of Arts degrees in Human Services , Interdisciplinary Studies , Computer Information Systems , Psychology , and Business Management . It is regionally accredited through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and is licensed by the Florida Department of Education . George J. Hagerty has served as president since March 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Leesburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leesburg,_Florida", "summary": "Leesburg is a city in Lake County , Florida , United States . The population was 20,117 at the 2010 census . As of 2018 , the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau was 23,163 . Leesburg is in central Florida , between Lake Harris and Lake Griffin , at the head of the Oklawaha River system . It is part of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area . Leesburg is the home of Lake-Sumter State College ( LSSC ) , which also has campuses in Clermont and Sumterville , Florida . It is also the home of Beacon College ." } ] }, { "value": "1989", "urls": [] }, { "value": "63%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "223", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bethune-Cookman University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bethune-Cookman_University", "summary": "Bethune-Cookman University ( B-CU ) is a private historically black university in Daytona Beach , Florida . The primary administration building , White Hall , and the Mary McLeod Bethune Home are in the National Register of Historic Places . Although accredited , in June 2018 the university was put on probation by its regional accreditor ." } ] }, { "value": "Daytona Beach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daytona_Beach,_Florida", "summary": "Daytona Beach is a city in Volusia County , Florida , United States . It lies approximately 51 miles ( 82.1 km ) northeast of Orlando , 86 miles ( 138.4 km ) southeast of Jacksonville , and 265 miles ( 426.5 km ) northwest of Miami . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , it had a population of 61,005 . It is a principal city of the Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach metropolitan area , which was home to 600,756 people as of 2013 . Daytona Beach is also a principal city of the Fun Coast region of Florida . The city is historically known for its beach , where the hard-packed sand allows motorized vehicles to drive on the beach in restricted areas . This hard-packed sand made Daytona Beach a mecca for motorsports , and the old Daytona Beach Road Course hosted races for over 50 years . This was replaced in 1959 by Daytona International Speedway . The city is also the headquarters for NASCAR . Daytona Beach hosts large groups of out-of-towners during the year , who visit the city for various events , notably Speedweeks in early February when over 200,000 NASCAR fans come to attend the season-opening Daytona 500 . Other events include the NASCAR Coke Zero Sugar 400 race in July , Bike Week in early March , Biketoberfest in late October , and the 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race in January ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "77%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4,045", "urls": [] }, { "value": "85", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eckerd College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eckerd_College", "summary": "Eckerd College is a private Presbyterian liberal arts college in St. Petersburg , Florida . The college is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Petersburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida", "summary": "St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County , Florida , United States . As of the 2018 census estimate , the population was 265,098 , making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat ( the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County ) . St. Petersburg is the fifth largest city in Florida and the second-largest city in the Tampa Bay Area , after Tampa . Together with Clearwater , these cities comprise the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area , the second-largest in Florida with a population of around 2.8 million . St. Petersburg is located on the Pinellas peninsula between Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico , and is connected to mainland Florida to the north . St. Petersburg was founded in 1888 by John C. Williams , who purchased the land , and by Peter Demens , who brought the railroad industry into the area . As a part of a coin toss bet , the winner , Peter Demens , named the land after Saint Petersburg , Russia , while Williams opted to name the first hotel built which was named the Detroit Hotel , both named after their home towns respectively . St. Petersburg was incorporated as a town on February 29 , 1892 and re-incorporated as a city on June 6 , 1903 . The city is often referred to by locals as St. Pete . Neighboring St. Pete Beach formally shortened its name in 1994 after a vote by its residents . St. Petersburg is governed by a mayor and city council . With an average of some 361 days of sunshine each year , and a Guinness World Record for logging the most consecutive days of sunshine ( 768 days between 1967 and 1969 ) , it is nicknamed The Sunshine City ." } ] }, { "value": "1958", "urls": [] }, { "value": "67%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,083", "urls": [] }, { "value": "188", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Edward Waters College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edward_Waters_College", "summary": "Edward Waters College is a private college in Jacksonville , Florida . It was founded in 1866 by members of the African Methodist Episcopal Church ( AME Church ) as a school to educate freedmen and their children . It was the first independent institution of higher education and the first historically black college in the State of Florida . It continues to be affiliated with the AME Church , and is a member of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida ." } ] }, { "value": "Jacksonville", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida", "summary": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida as well as the southeastern United States , and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . It is the seat of Duval County , with which the city government consolidated in 1968 . Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits . As of 2018 , Jacksonville 's population was estimated to be 903,889 . The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,523,615 and is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Florida . Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles ( 528 km ) north of Miami . The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast . The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people , and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline , one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States . Under British rule , a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed , known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British . A platted town was established there in 1822 , a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain ; it was named after Andrew Jackson , the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States . Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port . Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport , Naval Air Station Jacksonville , the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command , and the Port of Jacksonville , Florida 's third largest seaport ." } ] }, { "value": "1866", "urls": [] }, { "value": "82%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "929", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Embry-Riddle_Aeronautical_University,_Daytona_Beach", "summary": "Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University , Daytona Beach is a residential campus of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University . The university offers associate , bachelor 's , master 's , and PhD degree programs in arts , sciences , aviation , business , and engineering ." } ] }, { "value": "Daytona Beach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daytona_Beach,_Florida", "summary": "Daytona Beach is a city in Volusia County , Florida , United States . It lies approximately 51 miles ( 82.1 km ) northeast of Orlando , 86 miles ( 138.4 km ) southeast of Jacksonville , and 265 miles ( 426.5 km ) northwest of Miami . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , it had a population of 61,005 . It is a principal city of the Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach metropolitan area , which was home to 600,756 people as of 2013 . Daytona Beach is also a principal city of the Fun Coast region of Florida . The city is historically known for its beach , where the hard-packed sand allows motorized vehicles to drive on the beach in restricted areas . This hard-packed sand made Daytona Beach a mecca for motorsports , and the old Daytona Beach Road Course hosted races for over 50 years . This was replaced in 1959 by Daytona International Speedway . The city is also the headquarters for NASCAR . Daytona Beach hosts large groups of out-of-towners during the year , who visit the city for various events , notably Speedweeks in early February when over 200,000 NASCAR fans come to attend the season-opening Daytona 500 . Other events include the NASCAR Coke Zero Sugar 400 race in July , Bike Week in early March , Biketoberfest in late October , and the 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race in January ." } ] }, { "value": "1925", "urls": [] }, { "value": "78%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5,538", "urls": [] }, { "value": "406", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Everglades University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Everglades_University", "summary": "Everglades University , formerly known as the American Flyers College , is a private non-profit university in Florida . Everglades offers bachelor 's and master 's degree programs , both via online and on-campus . The main campus is located in Boca Raton , with additional branches located in other parts of Florida ." } ] }, { "value": "Boca Raton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida", "summary": "Boca Raton ( /rəˈtoʊn/ rə-TOHN ) , often referred to as simply Boca , is the southernmost city in Palm Beach County , Florida , United States . It was first incorporated on August 2 , 1924 as Bocaratone , and then incorporated as Boca Raton in 1925 . It is one of the wealthiest communities in South Florida . The 2018 population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau was 99,244 . However , approximately 200,000 people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside its municipal boundaries , in newer developments such as West Boca Raton . As a business center , the city experiences significant daytime population increases . Boca Raton is 43 miles ( 69 km ) north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which had a population of 6,012,331 people as of 2015 . Boca Raton is home to the main campus of Florida Atlantic University and the corporate headquarters of Office Depot , ADT , Cancer Treatment Centers of America , and Bluegreen Corporation . It is also home to the Evert Tennis Academy , owned by former professional tennis player Chris Evert . Boca Town Center , an upscale shopping center in central Boca Raton , is the largest indoor mall in Palm Beach County . The downtown is centered around Mizner Park . Many buildings in the area have a Mediterranean Revival or Spanish Colonial Revival architectural theme , initially inspired by Addison Mizner , a resort architect who heavily influenced the city 's early development ." } ] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "96%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,451", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Flagler College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flagler_College", "summary": "Flagler College is a private liberal arts college in St. Augustine , Florida . It was founded in 1968 and offers 33 undergraduate majors and 1 master 's program . It also has a campus in Tallahassee ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Augustine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida", "summary": "St. Augustine ( From Spanish : San Agustín ) is a city in the Southeastern United States , on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida . Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers , it is the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the contiguous United States . St. Augustine was founded on September 8 , 1565 by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés , Florida 's first governor . He named the settlement San Agustín , as his ships bearing settlers , troops , and supplies from Spain had first sighted land in Florida eleven days earlier on August 28 , the feast day of St. Augustine . The city served as the capital of Spanish Florida for over 200 years . It was designated as the capital of British East Florida when the colony was established in 1763 ; the colony was ceded to Spain in 1783 . Spain ceded Florida to the United States in 1819 , and St. Augustine was designated the capital of the Florida Territory upon ratification of the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1821 . The Florida National Guard made the city its headquarters that same year . The territorial government moved and made Tallahassee the capital of Florida in 1824 . The county seat of St. Johns County , St. Augustine is part of Florida 's First Coast region and the Jacksonville metropolitan area . Since the late 19th century , St. Augustine 's distinct historical character has made the city a tourist attraction ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "40%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,782", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_College", "summary": "Florida College is a Christian college in Temple Terrace , Florida . It offers bachelor 's and associate degrees . Since its founding as a junior college in 1946 , Florida College has drawn its staff , faculty , and the majority of its students from non-institutional churches of Christ . It is also recognized among these churches as an important training center for ministers . Because non-institutional churches of Christ , as a matter of doctrine , oppose congregational support for colleges , Florida College has some unique characteristics as religious colleges go - the college accepts no direct contributions from any congregation or other organized religious body and its board members serve as individuals rather than as official representatives of any such entity . The high emphasis Florida College places on its Christian heritage is expressed in its tradition of daily chapel services . All members of the board of directors and all faculty members are required to be active members in a church of Christ . All students are required to receive daily classes in biblical topics ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple Terrace", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Terrace,_Florida", "summary": "Temple Terrace is an incorporated city in northeastern Hillsborough County , Florida , United States , adjacent to Tampa . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 24,541 . It is the third and smallest incorporated municipality in Hillsborough County . ( Tampa and Plant City are the others . ) Incorporated in 1925 , the community is known for its rolling landscape , bucolic Hillsborough River views , and majestic trees ; it has the most grand sand live oak trees of any place in central Florida and is a Tree City USA . Temple Terrace was originally planned as a 1920s Mediterranean-Revival golf course community and is one of the first such communities in the United States ( planned in 1920 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1942", "urls": [] }, { "value": "85%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "555", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AdventHealth University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/AdventHealth_University", "summary": "AdventHealth University ( AHU ) , formerly Adventist University of Health Sciences ( ADU ) , is located in Orlando , Florida , United States . It is a Seventh-day Adventist institution specializing in healthcare education . The college is associated with AdventHealth Orlando and AdventHealth , which is operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church . It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system , the world 's second largest Christian school system . The physical facilities are located next to AdventHealth Orlando . The University offers over 20 undergraduate and graduate degrees from associate to doctorate level , including online and post-baccalaureate certificates ." } ] }, { "value": "Orlando", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Orlando,_Florida", "summary": "Orlando ( /ɔːrˈlændoʊ/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County . Located in Central Florida , it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area , which had a population of 2,509,831 , according to U.S. Census Bureau figures released in July 2017 . These figures make it the 23rd-largest metropolitan area in the United States , the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States , and the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida . As of 2018 , Orlando had an estimated city-proper population of 285,713 , making it the 71st-largest city in the United States , the fourth-largest city in Florida , and the state 's largest inland city . The City of Orlando is nicknamed the City Beautiful , and its symbol is the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain , commonly referred to as simply the Lake Eola fountain at Lake Eola Park . The Orlando International Airport ( MCO ) is the thirteenth-busiest airport in the United States and the 29th-busiest in the world . Orlando is one of the most visited cities in the world primarily driven by tourism , major events , and convention traffic , in 2018 the city drew more than 75 million visitors . The two largest and most internationally renowned tourist attractions in the Orlando area include the Walt Disney World Resort , opened by the Walt Disney Company in 1971 , and located approximately 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of Downtown Orlando in Bay Lake ; and the Universal Orlando Resort , opened in 1990 as a major expansion of Universal Studios Florida . With the exception of Walt Disney World , most major attractions are located along International Drive with one of these attractions being the Wheel at ICON Park Orlando . The city is also one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions ; the Orange County Convention Center is the second-largest convention facility in the United States . Like other major cities in the Sun Belt , Orlando grew rapidly from the 1980s up into the first decade of the 21st century . Orlando is home to the University of Central Florida , which is the largest university campus in the United States in terms of enrollment as of 2015 [ update ] ." } ] }, { "value": "1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "65%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,090", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida Institute of Technology", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_Institute_of_Technology", "summary": "The Florida Institute of Technology ( Florida Tech or FIT ) is a private nonprofit doctoral/research university in Melbourne , Florida . The university comprises four academic colleges : Engineering & Science , Aeronautics , Psychology & Liberal Arts , and Business . Approximately half of FIT 's students are enrolled in the College of Engineering . The university 's 130-acre primary residential campus is located near the Orlando Melbourne International Airport and the Florida Tech Research Park . It is about 50 miles ( 80 km ) from the Kennedy Space Center and 75 miles ( 121 km ) from Orlando . The university was founded in 1958 as Brevard Engineering College and has been known by its present name since 1966 . In 2013 , Florida Tech had an on-campus student body of 4,633 , almost equally divided between graduate- and undergraduate-level students with the majority of them focusing their studies on engineering and the sciences ." } ] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne,_Florida", "summary": "Melbourne /ˈmɛlbərn/ is a city in Brevard County , Florida , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 76,068 . The municipality is the second-largest in the county by both size and population . Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay - Melbourne - Titusville , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 1969 the city was expanded by merging with nearby Eau Gallie ." } ] }, { "value": "1958", "urls": [] }, { "value": "57%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6,393", "urls": [] }, { "value": "130", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida Memorial University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_Memorial_University", "summary": "Florida Memorial University is a private historically Black university in Miami Gardens , Florida . It is a member of the United Negro College Fund and historically related to Baptists although it claims a focus on broader Christianity ." } ] }, { "value": "Miami Gardens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami_Gardens,_Florida", "summary": "Miami Gardens is a city located in north-central Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States . Its boundaries stretch from I-95 and NE 2nd Avenue on the east , to NW 47th and NW 57th Avenues on the west , and from the Broward County line on the north , to 151st Street on the south . The city name comes from one of the major roadways through the area , Miami Gardens Drive . According to the 2017 estimate from the US Census Bureau , the city had a population of 113,750 , and it is the largest city in Florida that has a majority African American population . It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people in 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "1879", "urls": [] }, { "value": "80%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,528", "urls": [] }, { "value": "44", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida Southern College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_Southern_College", "summary": "Florida Southern College ( Florida Southern , Southern or FSC ) is a private college in Lakeland , Florida . In 2019 , the student population at FSC consisted of 3,073 students along with 130 full-time faculty members . The college offers 50 undergraduate majors and pre-professional programs , graduate programs in nursing , business , and education as well as post-graduate programs in nursing , education , and physical therapy . Florida Southern is the home of the world 's largest single-site collection of Frank Lloyd Wright architecture . For its 2011 and 2012 rankings , The Princeton Review selected Florida Southern 's campus as the most beautiful in the country . Florida Southern has won 30 national titles in NCAA Division II competition in several sports , men 's golf ( 13 titles ) , baseball ( 9 ) , women 's golf ( 4 ) , men 's basketball ( 2 ) , softball ( 1 ) and women 's lacrosse ( 1 ) . The college 's official mascot is Mocsie the water moccasin , but they are also referenced by their nickname , the Mocs . The official colors of the college and its athletic teams are scarlet and white ." } ] }, { "value": "Lakeland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida", "summary": "Lakeland is a city in Polk County , Florida , along Interstate 4 east of Tampa . The westernmost city in Polk County , it is part of the Tampa Bay Area . According to the 2018 U.S. Census Bureau estimate , the city had a population of 110,516 . Lakeland is a principal city of the Lakeland-Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area . Native Americans lived in the area from soon after the end of the last ice age until the end of the Second Seminole War . European-American settlers arrived in Lakeland from South Carolina in the 1870s . The city expanded in the 1880s with the arrival of rail service , with the first freedmen railway workers settling here in 1883 . They and European immigrants also came because of new jobs in the large phosphate industry that developed . Lakeland is home to the 1,267-acre Circle B Bar Reserve ." } ] }, { "value": "1883", "urls": [] }, { "value": "58%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,670", "urls": [] }, { "value": "100", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hodges University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hodges_University", "summary": "Hodges University ( formerly International College ) , is a private university in Naples , Florida . Founded in 1990 as International College , it was renamed Hodges University in 2007 . The Fort Myers campus opened in 1992 ." } ] }, { "value": "Naples", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Naples,_Florida", "summary": "Naples is a city in Collier County , Florida , United States . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population was 19,539 . Naples is a principal city of the Naples-Marco Island , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area , which had a population of about 322,000 as of 2015 . Naples is one of the wealthiest cities in the United States , with the sixth-highest per capita income in the country in 2012 , and the second-highest proportion of millionaires per capita in the US ." } ] }, { "value": "1990", "urls": [] }, { "value": "79%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,892", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Keiser University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keiser_University", "summary": "Keiser University is a private non-profit university based in Florida . Keiser provides educational programs at the undergraduate , graduate , and doctorate levels in both traditional and online delivery formats . The school is regionally accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and is also a member of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida . The main campus is in West Palm Beach , with additional branches located in other parts of Florida and internationally ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort Lauderdale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida", "summary": "Fort Lauderdale ( /ˈlɔːdərdeɪl/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida , 28 miles ( 45 km ) north of Miami . It is the county seat of Broward County . As of the 2018 [ update ] census , the city has an estimated population of 182,595 . Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018 . The city is a popular tourist destination , with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F ( 24.2 °C ) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year . Greater Fort Lauderdale , encompassing all of Broward County , hosted 13 million overnight visitors in 2018 . There were over 560 hotels , and nearly 36,000 hotel rooms . From that , the county collected nearly $ 87 million from its 5% hotel development tax it charges . Additionally , 3.89 million cruise passengers passed through its Port Everglades , making it the 3rd largest cruise port in the world.Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants , 63 golf courses , 12 shopping malls , 16 museums , 132 nightclubs , 278 parkland campsites , and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts . Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War . The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale ( 1782-1838 ) , younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale . William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort ." } ] }, { "value": "1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "68%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,335", "urls": [] }, { "value": "N/A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jacksonville University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacksonville_University", "summary": "Jacksonville University ( JU ) is a private university in Jacksonville , Florida . The school was founded in 1934 as a two-year college and was known as Jacksonville Junior College until September 5 , 1956 , when it shifted focus to building four-year university degree programs and later graduated its first four-year degree candidates as Jacksonville University in June 1959 . It is a member of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business ( AACSB ) . JU 's student body currently represents more than 40 U.S. states and approximately 45 countries around the world . As a Division I university , it is home to 18 sports teams , known as the JU Dolphins , as well as intramural sports and clubs . Among the top majors declared by JU students are aviation management , biology , nursing , business and marine science ." } ] }, { "value": "Jacksonville", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida", "summary": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida as well as the southeastern United States , and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . It is the seat of Duval County , with which the city government consolidated in 1968 . Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits . As of 2018 , Jacksonville 's population was estimated to be 903,889 . The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,523,615 and is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Florida . Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles ( 528 km ) north of Miami . The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast . The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people , and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline , one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States . Under British rule , a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed , known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British . A platted town was established there in 1822 , a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain ; it was named after Andrew Jackson , the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States . Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port . Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport , Naval Air Station Jacksonville , the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command , and the Port of Jacksonville , Florida 's third largest seaport ." } ] }, { "value": "1934", "urls": [] }, { "value": "39%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4,085", "urls": [] }, { "value": "190", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lynn University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lynn_University", "summary": "Lynn University is a private university in Boca Raton , Florida . Founded in 1962 , the university awards associate , baccalaureate , master 's , and doctoral degrees . It is named for the Lynn family ( Christine E. and Eugene M. Lynn ) . It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 2,095 ." } ] }, { "value": "Boca Raton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida", "summary": "Boca Raton ( /rəˈtoʊn/ rə-TOHN ) , often referred to as simply Boca , is the southernmost city in Palm Beach County , Florida , United States . It was first incorporated on August 2 , 1924 as Bocaratone , and then incorporated as Boca Raton in 1925 . It is one of the wealthiest communities in South Florida . The 2018 population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau was 99,244 . However , approximately 200,000 people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside its municipal boundaries , in newer developments such as West Boca Raton . As a business center , the city experiences significant daytime population increases . Boca Raton is 43 miles ( 69 km ) north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which had a population of 6,012,331 people as of 2015 . Boca Raton is home to the main campus of Florida Atlantic University and the corporate headquarters of Office Depot , ADT , Cancer Treatment Centers of America , and Bluegreen Corporation . It is also home to the Evert Tennis Academy , owned by former professional tennis player Chris Evert . Boca Town Center , an upscale shopping center in central Boca Raton , is the largest indoor mall in Palm Beach County . The downtown is centered around Mizner Park . Many buildings in the area have a Mediterranean Revival or Spanish Colonial Revival architectural theme , initially inspired by Addison Mizner , a resort architect who heavily influenced the city 's early development ." } ] }, { "value": "1962", "urls": [] }, { "value": "68%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,613", "urls": [] }, { "value": "123", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nova Southeastern University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nova_Southeastern_University", "summary": "Nova Southeastern University ( NSU or , informally , Nova ) is a private university with its main campus in Davie , Florida . The university consists of 18 colleges and schools offering over 150 programs of study . The university offers professional degrees in the social sciences , law , business , osteopathic medicine , allopathic medicine , allied health , pharmacy , dentistry , optometry , physical therapy , education , occupational therapy , and nursing . Nova Southeastern University enrolled 20,793 students as of 2019 , and has produced 185,000 alumni . With a main campus located on 400 acres in Davie , Florida , NSU operates additional campuses in Dania Beach , North Miami Beach and Tampa Bay . The university was founded as the Nova University of Advanced Technology on a former Naval outlying landing field built during World War II , and first offered graduate degrees in the physical and social sciences . In 1994 , the university merged with the Southeastern University of the Health Sciences and assumed its current name . NSU is classified as a high research and community engaged university by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and also has numerous additional specialized accreditation for its colleges and programs . The NSU Sharks compete in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as members of the Sunshine State Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort Lauderdale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida", "summary": "Fort Lauderdale ( /ˈlɔːdərdeɪl/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida , 28 miles ( 45 km ) north of Miami . It is the county seat of Broward County . As of the 2018 [ update ] census , the city has an estimated population of 182,595 . Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018 . The city is a popular tourist destination , with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 °F ( 24.2 °C ) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year . Greater Fort Lauderdale , encompassing all of Broward County , hosted 13 million overnight visitors in 2018 . There were over 560 hotels , and nearly 36,000 hotel rooms . From that , the county collected nearly $ 87 million from its 5% hotel development tax it charges . Additionally , 3.89 million cruise passengers passed through its Port Everglades , making it the 3rd largest cruise port in the world.Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants , 63 golf courses , 12 shopping malls , 16 museums , 132 nightclubs , 278 parkland campsites , and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts . Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War . The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale ( 1782-1838 ) , younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale . William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort ." } ] }, { "value": "1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "58%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24,148", "urls": [] }, { "value": "480", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Palm Beach Atlantic University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Palm_Beach_Atlantic_University", "summary": "Palm Beach Atlantic University ( PBA ) is a private Christian university in West Palm Beach , Florida , United States . The university 's nine colleges focus on the liberal arts with a select collection of professional studies . In 2019 , its undergraduate enrollment was approximately 2,800 . Founded in 1968 , the university grew out of a local Baptist church . It operated out of assorted buildings until the first purpose-built campus building was completed in 1982 . A subsidiary campus operates in Orlando . Eighteen sports teams represent the university in NCAA Division II competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "West Palm Beach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida", "summary": "West Palm Beach is a city in and the county seat of Palm Beach County , Florida , United States . It is located immediately to the west of the adjacent Palm Beach , which is situated on a barrier island across the Lake Worth Lagoon . The population was 99,919 at the 2010 census . West Palm Beach is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017 . It is the oldest incorporated municipality in the south Florida area , having been incorporated as a city two years before Miami in November 1894 . West Palm Beach is located approximately 68 miles ( 109 km ) north of Downtown Miami ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "78%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3,865", "urls": [] }, { "value": "120", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Members", "section_text": "", "uid": "Independent_Colleges_and_Universities_of_Florida_0", "intro": "The Independent Colleges & Universities of Florida (ICUF) is an association of 29 private, educational institutions in the state of Florida. Like the 12 public universities in Florida, all ICUF schools are accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The current president is Ed H. Moore. ICUF institutions issue nearly one-third of college degrees at the baccalaureate level and above in Florida." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_NBA_Development_League_draft", "title": "2006 NBA Development League draft", "header": [ "Pick", "Player", "Position", "Nationality", "Team", "College/From" ], "data": [ { "value": "49", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carl Edwards", "urls": [] }, { "value": "SG-SF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Anaheim Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anaheim_Arsenal", "summary": "The Grand Rapids Drive are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League and an affiliate of the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The franchise began as the Anaheim Arsenal in 2006 , before relocating to Springfield , Massachusetts , in 2009 , becoming the Springfield Armor . After five seasons in Springfield , the franchise moved to Grand Rapids in 2014 and were subsequently renamed the Grand Rapids Drive . They play their home games at the DeltaPlex Arena in Walker , Michigan ." } ] }, { "value": "Charleston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Charleston", "summary": "The University of Charleston ( UC ) is a private university with its main campus in Charleston , West Virginia . The university also has locations in Beckley , West Virginia , and Martinsburg , West Virginia , known as UC-Beckley and UC-Martinsburg , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "50", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mahmoud Abdul-Awwel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PG/SG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States Cambodia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cambodia", "summary": "Cambodia ( /kæmˈboʊdiə/ ( listen ) ; also Kampuchea /ˌkæmpʊˈtʃiːə/ ; Khmer : កម្ពុជា [ kam.pu.ciə ] ; French : Cambodge ) , officially the Kingdom of Cambodia ( Khmer : ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា , prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə , IPA : [ prĕəh riə.ciə.naː.caʔ kam.pu.ciə ] ; French : Royaume du Cambodge ) , is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia . It is 181,035 square kilometres ( 69,898 square miles ) in area , bordered by Thailand to the northwest , Laos to the northeast , Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest . The sovereign state of Cambodia has a population of over 15 million . The official religion is Theravada Buddhism , practised by approximately 95 percent of the population . Cambodia 's minority groups include Vietnamese , Chinese , Chams and 30 hill tribes . The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh , the political , economic and cultural centre of Cambodia . The kingdom is an elective constitutional monarchy with a monarch , currently Norodom Sihamoni , chosen by the Royal Council of the Throne as head of state . The head of government is the Prime Minister , currently Hun Sen , the longest serving non-royal leader in Southeast Asia , ruling Cambodia since 1985 . In 802 AD , Jayavarman II declared himself king , uniting the warring Khmer princes of Chenla under the name Kambuja . This marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire , which flourished for over 600 years , allowing successive kings to control and exert influence over much of Southeast Asia and accumulate immense power and wealth . The Indianised kingdom facilitated the spread of first Hinduism and then Buddhism to much of Southeast Asia and undertook many religious infrastructural projects throughout the region , including the construction of more than 1,000 temples and monuments in Angkor alone . Angkor Wat is the most famous of these structures and is designated as a World Heritage Site ." } ] }, { "value": "Sioux Falls Skyforce", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sioux_Falls_Skyforce", "summary": "The Sioux Falls Skyforce are an American professional basketball team that plays in the NBA G League . They are based in Sioux Falls , South Dakota , and currently play at Heritage Court in the Sanford Pentagon , a place they have called home since the 2013-14 season . The Skyforce began in the Continental Basketball Association ( CBA ) in 1989 . They played their home games at Sioux Falls Arena from then until the move to the Pentagon in 2013 . They participated in four CBA championship finals , winning the championship trophy in 1996 ( defeating the Fort Wayne Fury , four games to one ) and 2005 ( defeating the Rockford Lightning three games to one ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Arizona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Arizona", "summary": "The University of Arizona ( Arizona , U of A , UArizona , or UA ) is a public research university in Tucson , Arizona . Founded in 1885 , the UA was the first university in the Arizona Territory . As of 2018 [ update ] , the university enrolls 45,217 students in 19 separate colleges/schools , including the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson and Phoenix and the James E. Rogers College of Law , and is affiliated with two academic medical centers ( Banner - University Medical Center Tucson and Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix ) . The University of Arizona is governed by the Arizona Board of Regents . The University of Arizona is one of the elected members of the Association of American Universities and is the only representative from the state of Arizona to this group . Known as the Arizona Wildcats ( often shortened to Cats ) , the UA 's intercollegiate athletic teams are members of the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA . UA athletes have won national titles in several sports , most notably men 's basketball , baseball , and softball . The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are cardinal red and navy blue ." } ] }, { "value": "51", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bakari Hendrix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bakari_Hendrix", "summary": "Bakari Akil Hendrix ( born May 23 , 1977 ) is a retired American basketball player . He was a standout player at Gonzaga University and played professionally in eleven countries . Hendrix , a 6 ' 8 power forward from St. Patrick-St. Vincent High School in Vallejo , California , played collegiate basketball at Solano Community College ( 1994 to 1995 ) and Gonzaga ( 1995 to 1998 ) . At Gonzaga , Hendrix faced a tough start as he fractured his ankle in his sophomore year - limiting his season to just nine games . However , the next two years Hendrix was named first team All-West Coast Conference as a junior and senior and was the 1998 WCC Player of the Year after averaging 19.8 points and 7.3 rebounds per game . Following the close of his college career , Hendrix was not drafted by the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Hendrix instead went to Turkey to play for Türk Telekom B.K . This began a basketball odyssey for Hendrix that led him to play for 14 teams in eleven counties from 1998 to 2009 . Hendix played professionally in Greece , France , Italy , South Korea , the Philippines , New Zealand , Australia and Lebanon . Hendrix also had stints in the United States with the Quad City Thunder of the Continental Basketball Association ( where he was named the league 's rookie of the year in 1999 ) and with the Huntsville Flight and Colorado 14ers of the NBA Development League ( NBDL ) . Hendrix played the 2007 season for the Wellington Saints in New Zealand . During that time , he had a well-reported brawl with Casey Frank of the Auckland Stars after one of the games ." } ] }, { "value": "PF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Colorado 14ers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colorado_14ers", "summary": "The Texas Legends are an NBA G League team based in Frisco , Texas , and the minor league affiliate of the Dallas Mavericks . The franchise began as the Colorado 14ers in 2006 , before relocating to Frisco in 2009 and becoming the Texas Legends for the 2010-11 season . The Legends play their home games at the Comerica Center ." } ] }, { "value": "Benfica ( Portugal )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/S.L._Benfica_(basketball)", "summary": "Sport Lisboa e Benfica , commonly known as Benfica , is a professional basketball team based in Lisbon , Portugal , who play in the Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol ( LPB ) . In June 2007 , the club decided to leave the professional top league , then known as LCB , and join the Proliga , a league organized by the Portuguese Basketball Federation . From 2008 onwards , they returned to the LPB after the federation took over the realms of the competition . Founded in 1927 , Benfica is the most successful Portuguese club , having the record for most championships , cups , league cups , super cups , and other national competitions , with a total of 80 domestic titles . It is also the Portuguese team that advanced the furthest in the European top club championship , now known as the EuroLeague . Some of their most memorable moments were when they won European clashes against the likes of European clubs which have won the Euroleague , such as Virtus Bologna , Real Madrid , Cantù , Cibona , Joventut Badalona , Panathinaikos , Partizan , CSKA Moscow or Varese . Despite basketball not being nearly as popular as football among the Portuguese population , Benfica has a major rivalry with FC Porto in this sport . ( The rivalry was interrupted in 2012 and resumed in 2015 . ) Along with its several junior teams that play in their respective top division championships , Benfica also has a developmental basketball team , Benfica B , that plays in the Proliga , the second highest tier in Portugal after the LPB , in which the main team competes ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Liga_Portuguesa_de_Basquetebol", "summary": "The Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol ( English : Portuguese Basketball League ) is the top men 's professional club basketball league in Portugal ." } ] }, { "value": "52", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anderson Ferreira", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brazil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brazil", "summary": "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort Worth Flyers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Worth_Flyers", "summary": "The Fort Worth Flyers were a minor league basketball team in the NBA Development League ( D-League ) based in Fort Worth , Texas . They began play in the 2005-06 season and were shut down for the 2007-08 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Brazil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brazil", "summary": "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ." } ] }, { "value": "53", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dontell Jefferson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dontell_Jefferson", "summary": "Dontell Jefferson ( born December 15 , 1983 ) is an American professional basketball player . He played in the United States , Canada , Latvia , and Saudi Arabia ." } ] }, { "value": "SG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Dakota Wizards", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dakota_Wizards", "summary": "The Dakota Wizards were an American professional basketball team based in Bismarck , North Dakota . They played in the NBA Development League from 2006 until 2012 . After the 2011-12 season , the team relocated to Santa Cruz , California , and now plays as the Santa Cruz Warriors . Prior to entering the D-League in 2006 , the Wizards spent 11 years playing in minor American leagues such as the International Basketball Association and the Continental Basketball Association ." } ] }, { "value": "Arkansas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arkansas_Razorbacks_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Arkansas Razorbacks basketball team represents the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville , Arkansas , United States in NCAA Division I men 's basketball competition . The school 's team currently competes in the Southeastern Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 2018 . They lost in the first round to Butler University . The basketball team plays its home games in Bud Walton Arena on the University of Arkansas campus . Under the coaching leadership of Nolan Richardson , the Hogs won the national championship in 1994 , defeating Duke , and appeared in the championship game the following year , but were beaten by UCLA . The Razorbacks have made NCAA Final Four appearances in 1941 , 1945 , 1978 , 1990 , 1994 , and 1995 ." } ] }, { "value": "54", "urls": [] }, { "value": "G.J . Macon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Arkansas RimRockers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arkansas_RimRockers", "summary": "The Arkansas RimRockers were a minor league basketball team based in North Little Rock , Arkansas , which played in the American Basketball Association and the NBA Development League ." } ] }, { "value": "Alaska", "urls": [] }, { "value": "55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nate Johnson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nate_Johnson", "summary": "Nathanel Nate Johnson ( born September 8 , 1977 ) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Al-Ahli Jeddah in Saudi Arabia . He previously played for Al Riyadi Beirut and Hekmeh ( Sagesse ) in the Lebanese Basketball League ." } ] }, { "value": "PG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Los Angeles D-Fenders", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_D-Fenders", "summary": "The South Bay Lakers are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League , based in Los Angeles . Founded in 2006 as the Los Angeles D-Fenders , the team is owned by the Los Angeles Lakers , who were the first National Basketball Association ( NBA ) franchise to own a D-League team . At the conclusion of the 2016-17 D-League season , the D-Fenders re-branded as the South Bay Lakers for the G League . They also moved their home games from the Toyota Sports Center into the UCLA Health Training Center , a new practice facility for the Los Angeles Lakers in El Segundo . All games are broadcast in streaming audio from the team 's official website and on the NBA 's Futurecast web channel . On December 21 , 2012 , the D-Fenders announced a telecast agreement with TWC SportsNet Channel ( now Spectrum SportsNet ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Los Angeles Lakers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers", "summary": "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ." } ] }, { "value": "56", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Denham Brown", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Denham_Brown", "summary": "Denham W. Brown ( born January 6 , 1983 ) is a Canadian professional basketball player who last played for BC Mures in the Romanian National League ." } ] }, { "value": "SG-SF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Canada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canada", "summary": "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "Tulsa 66ers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tulsa_66ers", "summary": "The Oklahoma City Blue are an NBA G League team based in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , and the minor league affiliate of the Oklahoma City Thunder . The franchise began as the Asheville Altitude in 2001 , before moving to Tulsa , Oklahoma , in 2005 and becoming the Tulsa 66ers . After nine seasons in Tulsa , the franchise moved to Oklahoma City in 2014 and were subsequently renamed the Oklahoma City Blue ." } ] }, { "value": "Connecticut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Connecticut_Huskies_men's_basketball", "summary": "The UConn Huskies men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball team of the University of Connecticut , in Storrs , Connecticut . They currently play in the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) and are coached by Dan Hurley . The Huskies have won 4 NCAA Tournament Championships ( 1999 , 2004 , 2011 and 2014 ) , which puts the program at sixth-most all-time . The Huskies are tied for the most Big East Tournament Championships with Georgetown at seven each . The Huskies also have the most Big East regular season titles with ten and one American Athletic Conference Tournament Championship . Numerous players have gone on to achieve professional success after their time at UConn , including Cliff Robinson , Ray Allen , Richard Hamilton , Kemba Walker , Ben Gordon , Emeka Okafor , Caron Butler , Jeremy Lamb , Andre Drummond , Shabazz Napier , and Rudy Gay . The Huskies have participated in 5 NCAA Final Fours ( tied for 13th all time ) and appeared in the NCAA tournament 33 times . The team has been a number one seed in the NCAA Tournament 5 times , most recently in 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "57", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PJ Ramos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_John_Ramos", "summary": "Peter John Ramos Fuentes ( born May 23 , 1985 ) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player and professional wrestler . He is the sixth athlete from Puerto Rico to play in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the third drafted , gathering success in the NBA Development League ( NBDL ) , where he was an All Star during the 2006-07 season . Ramos has also played in Baloncesto Superior Nacional ( BSN ) , the Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA ) and the Philippine Basketball Association ( PBA ) . He was a member of the Puerto Rico national basketball team from 2004 to 2016 , making his Olympic debut in the game where Puerto Rico defeated the United States at Athens . As a professional wrestler , Ramos began his career in the World Wrestling Council ( WWC ) in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "C", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Puerto Rico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Puerto_Rico", "summary": "Puerto Rico [ a ] ( Spanish for Rich Port ; abbreviated PR ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , lit . Free Associated State of Puerto Rico ) [ b ] and briefly called Porto Rico , [ c ] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea , approximately 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) southeast of Miami , Florida . An archipelago among the Greater Antilles , located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands , such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . The territory 's total population is approximately 3.4 million , more than 21 U.S. states . Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government , though Spanish predominates . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 . It was contested by the French , Dutch , and British , but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries . The island 's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population , the forced migration of African slaves , and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia . In the Spanish Empire , Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain . Spain 's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century , producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous , African , and European elements . On September 23 , 1868 , Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashed a revolt against Spanish rule , declaring for the first time the idea of Puerto Ricans as a distinct people , with right to sovereignty ." } ] }, { "value": "Idaho Stampede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Idaho_Stampede", "summary": "The Idaho Stampede was an American basketball team in the NBA D-League , based in Boise , Idaho . They played their home games at the Ford Idaho Center in nearby Nampa from 1997 until they moved to CenturyLink Arena in Boise in 2005 . The team relocated to Salt Lake City , Utah for the 2016-2017 season to become the Salt Lake City Stars ." } ] }, { "value": "Roanoke Dazzle ( NBA D-League )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roanoke_Dazzle", "summary": "The Roanoke Dazzle were an NBA Development League team based in Roanoke , Virginia , U.S . In operation from the inaugural D-League season of 2001-02 through the 2005-06 season , the Dazzle marked the return of professional basketball to Roanoke since the Virginia Squires called Roanoke home in the 1970s . Playing their home games at the Roanoke Civic Center , their logo design featured a star moving on rail tracks around a basketball ." }, { "url": "/wiki/NBA_D-League", "summary": "The NBA G League , or simply the G League , is the National Basketball Association 's ( NBA ) official minor league basketball organization . The league was known as the National Basketball Development League ( NBDL ) from 2001 to 2005 , and the NBA Development League ( NBA D-League ) from 2005 until 2017 . The league started with eight teams until NBA commissioner David Stern announced a plan to expand the NBA D-League to fifteen teams and develop it into a true minor league farm system , with each NBA D-League team affiliated with one or more NBA teams in March 2005 . At the conclusion of the 2013-14 NBA season , 33% of NBA players had spent time in the NBA D-League , up from 23% in 2011 . As of the 2019-20 season , the league consists of 28 teams , all of which are either single-affiliated or owned by an NBA team . In the 2017-18 season , Gatorade became the title sponsor of the D-League , and it was renamed the NBA G League ." } ] }, { "value": "58", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darius Washington , Jr", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darius_Washington,_Jr.", "summary": "Darius Myron Washington Jr. ( born December 6 , 1985 ) is an American-Macedonian professional basketball player who last played for Rabotnički of the Macedonian First League . He is a combo guard and played college basketball with the University of Memphis . He has also played with the NBA 's San Antonio Spurs and the NBA D-League 's Austin Toros in 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "PG/SG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Austin Toros", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Austin_Toros", "summary": "The Austin Spurs are an American basketball team of the NBA G League based in Cedar Park , Texas . The team plays their home games at H-E-B Center at Cedar Park . The team has made the postseason in 8 out of their 14 seasons in the NBA Development League . On October 15 , 2014 , after the San Antonio Spurs purchased the franchise , the team colors and logo were changed to reflect the silver and black motif used by the Spurs ." } ] }, { "value": "ČEZ Nymburk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ČEZ_Basketball_Nymburk", "summary": "Basketball Nymburk , also known as ERA Nymburk due to sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team that is based in the town of Nymburk . The club plays in the top-tier level professional Czech National League ( NBL ) . Nymburk regularly plays in European competitions , as it last participated in the Basketball Champions League . Basketball Nymburk is by far the most important team in national league , as it has won every league title since 2003-04 season . It plays its domestic competitions in Sportovní centrum Nymburk and the international matches in Královka Arena in Prague ." } ] }, { "value": "59", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brandon Bowman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brandon_Bowman", "summary": "Brandon Kyle Bowman ( born October 15 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for Panionios of the Greek Basket League . He played college basketball at Georgetown University where he played primarily at the small forward position under coach John Thompson III . Bowman was a preseason candidate for the 2006 John R. Wooden Award for the best collegiate men 's basketball player ." } ] }, { "value": "SF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Bakersfield Jam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bakersfield_Jam", "summary": "The Northern Arizona Suns are an NBA G League team based in Prescott Valley , Arizona and the minor league affiliate of the Phoenix Suns . The franchise began as the Long Beach Jam in 2003 under the revived American Basketball Association and moved to Bakersfield in the D-League in 2006 as the Bakersfield Jam ; after 10 years in Bakersfield , California , the franchise was moved to Prescott Valley in 2016 by the Phoenix Suns and were subsequently renamed the Northern Arizona Suns ." } ] }, { "value": "Georgetown", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Georgetown_Hoyas_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Georgetown Hoyas men 's basketball program represents Georgetown University in NCAA Division I men 's intercollegiate basketball and the Big East Conference . Georgetown has competed in men 's college basketball since 1907 . The current head coach of the program is Patrick Ewing . Georgetown won the National Championship in 1984 and has made the Final Four on five occasions . They have won the Big East Conference Tournament a record seven times , and have also won or shared the Big East regular season title ten times . They have appeared in the NCAA Tournament thirty times and in the National Invitation Tournament thirteen times . The Hoyas historically have been well regarded not only for their team success , but also for generating players that have succeeded both on and off the court , producing NBA legends such as Patrick Ewing , Dikembe Mutombo , Alonzo Mourning , and Allen Iverson , as well as United States Congressman Henry Hyde and former NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue ." } ] }, { "value": "60", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Troy Bell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Troy_Bell", "summary": "Troy Delvon Bell ( born November 10 , 1980 ) is an American former professional basketball player for San Lorenzo of the Argentinian Liga Nacional de Básquet ( LNB ) . He is also a R & B producer . He played at Boston College and finished as one of the greatest players in the program 's history ." } ] }, { "value": "PG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "New Mexico Thunderbirds", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Mexico_Thunderbirds", "summary": "The Canton Charge are an American professional basketball team based in Canton , Ohio , that competes in the NBA G League . The Charge are owned by and are also the minor league affiliate of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Its home games are held at the Canton Memorial Civic Center . The franchise was founded in 2001 as the Huntsville Flight , based in Huntsville , Alabama , before moving to Albuquerque , New Mexico in 2005 , where they were known as the Albuquerque Thunderbirds until 2010 . After playing the 2010-11 season in suburban Rio Rancho as the New Mexico Thunderbirds , the franchise was purchased by the Cavaliers and moved to Canton . The team won the 2006 NBA D-League championship while playing in Albuquerque . The team lost the 2003-04 NBA D-League Finals , and reached the semifinals in 2004-05 , 2006-07 , 2011-12 , 2014-15 and 2015-16 ." } ] }, { "value": "Skyliners Frankfurt ( Germany )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skyliners_Frankfurt", "summary": "The Skyliners Frankfurt , currently known as Fraport Skyliners for sponsorship reasons , are a professional basketball club based in Frankfurt , Germany . Their home arena is Ballsporthalle . The club has played in the Basketball Bundesliga since 1999 . Its greatest accomplishments were the German Cup competition title in 2000 , the German national championship in 2004 and the FIBA Europe Cup in 2016 . Its most famous player has been Pascal Roller , who was selected as Basketball Bundesliga All-Star seven times and played 122 games for the German national basketball team . Roller played ten seasons for the Frankfurt Skyliners until his retirement in 2011 . Besides Roller , numerous other players of the German national team played multiple seasons for the Skyliners . A notable non-German basketball player is Mario Kasun , who played for the Skyliners when he was discovered and eventually drafted by the NBA team Orlando Magic in 2002 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Basketball_Bundesliga", "summary": "The Basketball Bundesliga ( BBL ) ( English language : Federal Basketball League ) , for sponsorship reasons named easyCredit BBL , is the highest level league of professional club basketball in Germany . The league comprises 18 teams . A BBL season is split into a league stage and a playoff stage . At the end of the league stage , the top eight teams qualify for the playoff stage , and the teams positioned in the 17th and 18th places are relegated to a lower tier league . The playoffs are played in a Best of five format . The winning team of the final round are crowned the German Champions of that season . In addition to the league competition , all BBL teams compete for the German Cup ( BBL-Cup ) . Teams playing in the second league ( ProA or ProB ) , or in a lower level Regionalliga , are also eligible to participate in the German Cup . There are always 3 knock-out rounds that are played for the BBL-Cup . If more teams from the leagues below the BBL level apply for participation , then available places , and additional qualification rounds are added for them . The final four remaining teams determine the rankings for bronze , silver , and gold medals , in knock-out matches that are termed the BBL-TOP4 . The gold winning team is the German Cup winner ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Draft -- Round 5", "section_text": "", "uid": "2006_NBA_Development_League_Draft_4", "intro": "The 2006 NBA Development League Draft was the sixth annual draft by the NBA Development League. It was held on November 2, 2006." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships", "title": "1997 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships", "header": [ "Rank", "Country", "Team", "Time" ], "data": [ { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenya", "summary": "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ." } ] }, { "value": "Shem Kororia Moses Tanui Kenneth Cheruiyot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shem_Kororia", "summary": "Shem Kororia ( born 25 September 1972 ) is a former Kenyan long-distance runner who specialized in the 5000 metres and half marathon . He represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , United States . Kororia was the third man ever to run the half marathon within an hour , when he won the world half marathon title on October 1997 in Košice , Slovakia , clocking 59:56 minutes . He won 5000 metres gold twice at the Military World Games : in 1995 and 1999 . He also won the Parelloop 10K in race in the Netherlands in 1997 and had back-to-back wins at the BOclassic in 1994-95 . He also competed in cross country running events . He was twice a team gold medallist with Kenya at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships ( 1994 and 1997 ) . On the major cross country meet circuit he had two wins at the Cross Internacional de la Constitución ( 1994 and 1995 ) and was the 1996 winner of both the Campaccio and the Cross Internacional de Venta de Baños races . He is from Kaptama in Mount Elgon District , the same village as Edith Masai ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Moses_Tanui", "summary": "Moses Tanui ( born 20 August 1965 in Marakwet District , Kenya ) is a former Kenyan long-distance runner who won the gold medal over 10,000 metres at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics in Tokyo ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kenneth_Cheruiyot", "summary": "Kenneth Cheruiyot ( born August 2 , 1974 ) is an athlete from Kenya who specialises in long-distance running . He is most famous for winning the Rotterdam Marathon in 2000 . He finished second in the event in 2001 and 2002 . In 2002 he fell to ground and broke his arm after 10 kilometers of running , but still managed to finish and even grab silver ." } ] }, { "value": "2:59:54", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Africa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Africa", "summary": "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ." } ] }, { "value": "Hendrick Ramaala Gert Thys Makhosonke Fika", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hendrick_Ramaala", "summary": "Hendrik Ramaala ( born 2 February 1972 ) is a South African long-distance runner ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gert_Thys", "summary": "Gert Thys ( born 12 November 1971 in Prieska , Northern Cape ) is a male long-distance runner from South Africa , who represented his native country in the marathon at the 1996 and 2004 Summer Olympics . Thys is a former African record holder in the marathon , and is the current holder of the South African record with his best of 2:06:33 from the 1999 Tokyo International Marathon , which was also the course record for that race ." } ] }, { "value": "3:03:34", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ethiopia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ethiopia", "summary": "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Abraham Assefa Lemma Alemayehu Tesfaye Tola", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abraham_Assefa", "summary": "Abraham Assefa ( born 9 December 1972 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 10,000 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tesfaye_Tola", "summary": "Tesfaye Tola ( born October 19 , 1974 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner , most known for winning a bronze medal in marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics . The next year he finished fourth at the 2001 World Championships , and fifth in the World Half Marathon Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "3:03:46", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "Alejandro Gómez Bartolomé Serrano Antonio Peña", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alejandro_Gómez_(athlete)", "summary": "Alejandro Gómez Cabral ( born 11 April 1967 in Vigo , Pontevedra ) is a retired Spanish long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon and cross-country running ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bartolomé_Serrano", "summary": "Bartolomé Serrano ( born 5 March 1969 ) is a retired Spanish long-distance runner who specialized in the half marathon . He finished fourteenth at the 1998 World Half Marathon Championships in a personal best time of 1:01:43 hours ." } ] }, { "value": "3:05:35", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "Stefano Baldini Michele Gamba Antonio Armuzzi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stefano_Baldini", "summary": "Stefano Baldini ( born 25 May 1971 in Castelnovo di Sotto , Emilia-Romagna , Italy ) is a retired Italian runner who specialized in the marathon . He was the Olympic champion in Athens and was twice European champion ( 1998 and 2006 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Michele_Gamba", "summary": "Michele Gamba ( born 2 October 1972 ) is a former Italian male long-distance runner who competed at two editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships at senior level ( 1998 , 2001 ) . and four of the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships ( 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "3:06:00", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Japan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Japan", "summary": "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Osamu Nara Noriaki Igarashi Yoshifumi Miyamoto", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:06:37", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zimbabwe", "summary": "Zimbabwe ( /zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ , -wi/ ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , formerly Rhodesia , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers , bordered by South Africa , Botswana , Zambia and Mozambique . The capital and largest city is Harare . The second largest is Bulawayo . A country of roughly 14 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most common . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations , from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then-government , and from which it withdrew in December 2003 . The sovereign state is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . It was once known as the Jewel of Africa for its great prosperity . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "Tendai Chimusasa Abel Chimukoko Fungai Kapanyota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tendai_Chimusasa", "summary": "Tendai Chimusasa ( born January 28 , 1971 in Nyanga ) is a retired Zimbabwean long-distance runner . He carried the flag for his native country at the opening ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia . He won the Lisbon Half Marathon 1992 and Berlin Half Marathon in 1994 and 1997 . Chimusasa was also a cross country runner and won the Eurocross meeting in Luxembourg in 1994 and 1996 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Abel_Chimukoko", "summary": "Abel Chimukoko ( born September 29 , 1972 in Mutoko , Mashonaland East ) is a Zimbabwean long-distance runner . He competed for his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , where he finished in 48th place ( 2:22:09 ) in the men 's marathon race . His personal best time is 2:15:29 hours , achieved in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "3:07:01", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Portugal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Portugal", "summary": "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ." } ] }, { "value": "Luís Jesús Alcidio Costa Joaquim Pinheiro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luís_Jesus", "summary": "Luís Filipe Jesus ( born 19 November 1968 ) is a Portuguese long-distance runner . He set his personal best ( 2:08:55 ) in the marathon in 2006 ( Paris ) . He finished fourteenth in the short race at the 1998 World Cross Country Championships and seventh at the 1998 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . In the marathon he finished eighteenth at the 2005 World Championships and tenth at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Jesus competed in track distances at the World Championships in 1993 and 1995 , without reaching the finals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Joaquim_Pinheiro", "summary": "Joaquim Pinheiro ( born December 20 , 1960 ) is a retired Portuguese runner . He competed in the marathon at the 1991 World Championships and the 1992 Summer Olympics , both times without finishing the race ." } ] }, { "value": "3:07:22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colombia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colombia", "summary": "Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ ( listen ) kə-LUM-bee-ə , /-ˈlɒm-/ -⁠LOM- ; Spanish : [ koˈlombja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : República de Colombia ( help·info ) ) , [ Note 1 ] is a country largely situated in the north of South America , with land and territories in North America . Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea , the northwest by Panama , the south by both Ecuador and Peru , the east by Venezuela , the southeast by Brazil , and the west by the Pacific . It comprises thirty-two departments , with the capital in Bogotá . Colombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse , with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations , European settlement , forced African labor , and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East . Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast . Colombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE , including the Muisca , Quimbaya , and the Tairona . Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region , establishing the New Kingdom of Granada , with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital . Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819 , but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved , with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada . The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 , leading to Colombia 's present borders . Beginning in the 1960s , the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence , both of which escalated in the 1990s . Since 2005 , there has been significant improvement in security , stability , and rule of law ." } ] }, { "value": "Herder Vázquez Carlos Grisales José Orlando Sánchez Guerrero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Herder_Vázquez", "summary": "Herder Herberto Vázquez Corredor ( born 20 June 1967 ) is a Colombian long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 5000 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Carlos_Grisales", "summary": "Carlos Mario Grisales ( born 24 August 1966 ) is a retired Colombian long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon . He is a two-time Olympian ." } ] }, { "value": "3:07:41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hungary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hungary", "summary": "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ." } ] }, { "value": "Imre Berkovics Tamás Kliszek Zoltán Holba", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:08:55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Michael Fietz Rainer Huth Jens Karrass", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Fietz", "summary": "Michael Fietz ( born November 13 , 1967 in Bochum , West Germany ) is a long-distance runner . In 1997 he won the Frankfurt Marathon . He represented Germany at the 2000 Summer Olympics marathon in Sydney , Australia , finishing in 37th place , with a time of 2:20:09 ." } ] }, { "value": "3:09:31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Jean-Pierre Lautredoux Hakim Bagy Jean-Pierre Monciaux", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hakim_Bagy", "summary": "Abdelhakim Bagy ( born 31 March 1968 in Hichaoua , Morocco ) is a retired male long-distance runner from France who mainly competed in the marathon race during his career . He set his personal best ( 2:11:06 ) in the classic distance on 8 April 2001 at the Paris Marathon ." } ] }, { "value": "3:09:33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Switzerland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Switzerland", "summary": "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ." } ] }, { "value": "Stéphane Schweickhardt Viktor Röthlin Hansjörg Brücker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Viktor_Röthlin", "summary": "Viktor Röthlin ( born October 14 , 1974 in Kerns , Obwalden ) is a Swiss former long-distance runner , who specialized in the marathon . Röthlin won the silver medal at the 2006 European Championships in Gothenburg , Sweden , the bronze medal at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka , Japan , and the gold medal at the 2010 European Championships in Barcelona , Spain . He also competed in the marathon at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney , Australia ( finishing 36th ) , at the 2004 Olympics in Athens , Greece ( where he did not finish ) , at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing , China ( where he placed 6th in a time of 2:10:35 ) and at the 2012 Olympics in London , Great Britain ( where he finished in 11th with a time of 2:12:48 ) . Röthlin has set four Swiss national records at the marathon distance : In September 2001 at the Berlin Marathon , his time of 2:10:54 eclipsed the previous Swiss national record of 2:11:10 ( set by Daniel Boltz in 1991 ) . In April 2004 , in his victory at the Zürich Marathon , Röthlin lowered the national record to 2:09:56 . In April 2007 , he lowered the national record again , when he won the Zürich Marathon in a time of 2:08:20 , and in February 2008 , he once more improved the Swiss record to 2:07:23 when he won the Tokyo Marathon . Röthlin attempted no marathons in 2009 , because he contracted thrombosis during a flight from the United Arab Emirates in the Spring of 2009 , which led to a pulmonary embolism and fluid buildup in his chest ; the condition was treated with rest and medication . At the 2012 Tokyo Marathon he had his fastest performance since his victory in 2008 , as he finished fifth with a time of 2:08:32 hours . Röthlin retired from competitive marathon running in 2014 , after finishing fifth at the European Championships in Zürich ." } ] }, { "value": "3:09:54", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brazil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brazil", "summary": "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ." } ] }, { "value": "Eduardo do Nascimento Elisvaldo de Carvalho Daniel Ferreira", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:10:24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belgium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgium", "summary": "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohammed Mourhit Ronny Ligneel Jos Maes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mohammed_Mourhit", "summary": "Mohammed Mourhit ( Arabic : محمد مُرحيت ) ( born 10 October 1970 in Khouribga , Morocco ) is a Belgian top cross country , middle and long distance runner who holds two European records , in the 3000 m and 5000 m. He is also a former European 10000 m record holder . He won a bronze medal at the 1999 World Championships in the 5000 metres and a silver medal at the 2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships in the 3000 metres behind Hicham El Guerrouj . Mourhit was also a two-time winner of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in the long course in 2000 and 2001 . He also won the Lisbon Half Marathon 1997 . He earned the Belgian citizenship in 1997 by marriage . He competed in Lotto Cross Cup cross country meetings and won the domestic series in 1996-97 and 1997-98 . He was suspended for the use of EPO in 2002 . He returned to competition in 2004 , after seeing his ban reduced , and qualified for the World Championships in Helsinki 2005 . He holds the fastest non-winning time for the 3000 metres . In Monaco on 18 August 2000 , he ran 7:26.62 , coming second to Ali Saïdi-Sief . No other man has broken 7:27 and come second ." } ] }, { "value": "3:11:12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Russia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." } ] }, { "value": "Valeriy Kuzman Pavel Kokin Anton Nikolesko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pavel_Kokin", "summary": "Pavel Kokin ( born 21 July 1974 ) is a Russian long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "3:12:19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Slovakia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Slovakia", "summary": "Slovakia ( /sloʊˈvækiə , -ˈvɑːk-/ ( listen ) ; Slovak : Slovensko [ ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Slovak Republic ( Slovak : Slovenská republika , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked country in the eastern part of Central Europe . It is bordered by Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east , Hungary to the south , Austria to the southwest , and the Czech Republic to the northwest . Slovakia 's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres ( 19,000 sq mi ) and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5.6 million and consists mostly of Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava , and the second-largest city is Košice . The official language is Slovak . The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . In the 7th century they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra , which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia . In the 10th century , after the dissolution of Great Moravia , the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary , which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000 . In 1241 and 1242 , much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe . The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans who became an important ethnic group in the area , especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia . After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia ( 1918-1939 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Róbert Štefko Petr Pipa Miroslav Vanko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Róbert_Štefko", "summary": "Róbert Štefko ( born 28 May 1968 ) is a Slovak long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics representing Slovakia and the same event at the 2004 Summer Olympics representing the Czech Republic ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miroslav_Vanko", "summary": "Miroslav Vanko ( born 14 February 1973 ) is a Slovak long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 5000 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "3:12:21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Great Britain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "David Taylor Alan Chilton Glynn Tromans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glynn_Tromans", "summary": "Glynn Andrew Tromans ( born 1969 ) , is a male former athlete who competed for England ." } ] }, { "value": "3:12:23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Czech Republic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Czech_Republic", "summary": "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ." } ] }, { "value": "Jan Pešava Vladimír Vašek Jan Bláha", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:12:29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tanzania", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tanzania", "summary": "Tanzania ( /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ , [ note 2 ] Swahili : [ tanzaˈni.a ] ) , officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ) , is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region . It borders Uganda to the north ; Kenya to the northeast ; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east ; Mozambique and Malawi to the south ; Zambia to the southwest ; and Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west . Mount Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . Many important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania , such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils . The genus Australopithecus ranged all over Africa 4 to 2 million years ago ; and the oldest remains of the genus Homo are found near Lake Olduvai . Following the rise of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago , humanity spread all over the Old World , and later in the New World and Australia under the species Homo sapiens . Homo sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older archaic species and subspecies of humanity . One of the oldest known ethnic groups still existing , the Hadzabe , appears to have originated in Tanzania , and their oral history recalls ancestors who were tall and were the first to use fire , medicine , and lived in caves , much like Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis who lived in the same region before them . Later in the Stone and Bronze Age , prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia ; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago ; and the Southern Nilotes , including the Datoog , who originated from the present-day South Sudan-Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago . : page 18 These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas . They subsequently migrated across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago . German rule began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa ." } ] }, { "value": "Wilbroad Axweso Faustin Saktay Neema Tuluway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wilbroad_Axweso", "summary": "Wilbroad Axweso ( born 1 January 1974 ) is a retired Tanzanian long-distance runner ." } ] }, { "value": "3:13:10", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Team Results -- Men 's", "section_text": "", "uid": "1997_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships_2", "intro": "The 6th IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held on October 4, 1997, in the city of Košice, Slovakia. A total of 228 athletes, 144 men and 84 women, from 45 countries took part. Detailed reports on the event and an appraisal of the results was given. Complete results were published." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election", "title": "Conservative Party of Canada candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election", "header": [ "Riding", "Candidate 's Name", "Notes", "Gender", "Residence", "Occupation" ], "data": [ { "value": "Brandon - Souris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brandon—Souris", "summary": "Brandon - Souris is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953 ." } ] }, { "value": "Merv Tweed", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Merv_Tweed", "summary": "Mervin C. Tweed , MP ( born August 6 , 1955 in Medora , Manitoba ) is a retired politician in Manitoba , Canada . He represented Brandon - Souris in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to August 31 , 2013 . Prior to that he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1995 to 2004 , representing the constituency of Turtle Mountain . He is currently the president of Omnitrax , the American rail company responsible for the Churchill rail line . Despite under contract for maintenance of the line , the company is attempting to sue the Canadian government , to not fulfill its obligations . Tweed was born in Medora , Manitoba , and was educated at Brandon University . He operated a used car dealership for seventeen years , and was for a time an executive member of the Killarney and Area Recreation Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brandon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brandon,_Manitoba", "summary": "Brandon the second-largest city in the province of Manitoba , Canada . It is located in the southwestern corner of the province on the banks of the Assiniboine River , approximately 214 km ( 133 mi ) west of the provincial capital , Winnipeg , and 120 km ( 75 mi ) east of the Saskatchewan boundary . Brandon covers an area of 77.41 km2 ( 29.89 sq mi ) and has a population of 48,859 , while its census metropolitan area has a population of 58,003 . It is the primary hub of trade and commerce for the Westman region as well as parts of southeastern Saskatchewan and northern North Dakota , an area with a combined population of over 180,000 people . The City of Brandon was incorporated in 1882 , having a history rooted in the Assiniboine River fur trade as well as its role as a major junction on the Canadian Pacific Railway . Known as The Wheat City , Brandon 's economy is predominantly associated with agriculture ; however , it also has strengths in health care , manufacturing , food processing , business services , and transportation . Brandon is an important part of the higher education network in Manitoba , with several notable facilities located in the city including Brandon University , Assiniboine Community College , and the Manitoba Emergency Services College . Canadian Forces Base Shilo is located 30 km ( 19 mi ) east of Brandon and maintains close ties with the city . Brandon 's Keystone Centre , one of the largest consolidated entertainment , recreation , convention , and agriculture complexes in Canada , is the home of the Brandon Wheat Kings and the Royal Manitoba Winter Fair ." } ] }, { "value": "Parliamentarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charleswood - St. James - Assiniboia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charleswood—St._James—Assiniboia", "summary": "Charleswood - St. James - Assiniboia - Headingley ( formerly known as Charleswood - Assiniboine and Charleswood - St. James - Assiniboia ) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997 ." } ] }, { "value": "Steven Fletcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)", "summary": "Steven John Fletcher PC ( born June 17 , 1972 ) is a Canadian politician . Flecher was the leader of the Manitoba Party from 2018 to 2019 and an MLA in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly . Fletcher served in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 , representing the riding of Charleswood - St. James - Assiniboia as a member of the Conservative Party . In 2004 the then leader of the opposition Stephen Harper appointed Fletcher to the shadow cabinet as health critic . After forming government , Fletcher was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to Health in 2006 . He was appointed to cabinet in 2008 . He served on numerous cabinet committees . He was the Minister for Democratic Reform and then after the 2011 election , was appointed to Minister of State ( Transport ) . He was the first quadriplegic and wheelchair user to serve in the House of Commons , as well as in Cabinet . Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Democratic Reform ) on October 30 , 2008 . After the Conservative Party victory on May 2 , 2011 , Fletcher was appointed as Minister of State ( Transport ) . In an effort to increase the number of women in cabinet , Fletcher was left out of cabinet in the July 15 , 2013 Cabinet shuffle by Prime Minister Stephen Harper ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg", "summary": "Winnipeg ( /ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada . It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers , near the longitudinal centre of North America . The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans . French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738 . A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812 , the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873 . As at 2016 [ update ] , Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada , with a resident population of about 778,500 . Being far inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C ( −6 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) . Known as the Gateway to the West , Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy . This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals , including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games . It is home to several professional sports franchises , including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ) , the Winnipeg Jets ( ice hockey ) , Manitoba Moose ( ice hockey ) , Valour FC ( soccer ) , and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Parliamentarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Churchill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Churchill_(electoral_district)", "summary": "Churchill - Keewatinook Aski ( formerly Churchill ) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935 . It covers the northern four-fifths of Manitoba , a vast wilderness area dotted with small municipalities and First Nations reserves . It was named after the town of Churchill , Manitoba , which resides on Churchill River . It is the fifth-largest riding in all of Canada . The riding has the highest percentage of Aboriginal peoples ( 61.1% ) in Canada . ; the highest percentage of Cree speakers - both those whose mother tongue ( 21.6% ) is Cree as well as those that use it as home language ( 16.6% ) - is also to be found there ." } ] }, { "value": "Wally Daudrich", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008 candidate in this riding", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Churchill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba", "summary": "Churchill ( Inuktitut : ᑯᒡᔪᐊᖅ , Kuugjuaq ) is a town in northern Manitoba , Canada , on the west shore of Hudson Bay , roughly 110 kilometres ( 68 miles ) from the Manitoba-Nunavut border . It is most famous for the many polar bears that move toward the shore from inland in the autumn , leading to the nickname Polar Bear Capital of the World that has helped its growing tourism industry ." } ] }, { "value": "Wildlife Tour Guide", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dauphin - Swan River - Marquette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dauphin—Swan_River—Marquette", "summary": "Dauphin - Swan River - Marquette ( formerly known as Dauphin and Dauphin - Swan River ) was a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 2015 . Its population in 2011 was 74,800 . The riding became known as Dauphin - Swan River - Neepawa for the 2015 federal election ." } ] }, { "value": "Robert Sopuck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_Sopuck", "summary": "Robert Sopuck ( born July 11 , 1951 ) is a Canadian politician who served as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada from 2010 to 2019 . First elected in a by-election on November 29 , 2010 , Sopuck represented the riding of Dauphin - Swan River - Marquette from 2010 to 2015 and the riding of Dauphin - Swan River - Neepawa from 2015 to 2019 . He is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent MP", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sandy Lake", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fisheries Biologist", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Elmwood - Transcona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Elmwood—Transcona", "summary": "Elmwood - Transcona ( formerly Winnipeg - Transcona ) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988 . Its population in 2011 was 85,906 ." } ] }, { "value": "Lawrence Toet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lawrence_Toet", "summary": "Lawrence Toet ( born January 2 , 1962 ) is a Canadian politician . Born a child of Dutch parents who moved to Canada in the early fifties , he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the federal Conservative Party of Canada in the 2011 election , representing the electoral district of Elmwood - Transcona . In the 2015 election , Toet was defeated by NDP candidate Daniel Blaikie by 61 votes . He later won again the Candidacy for the Conservative party of Canada for the riding of Elmwood-Transcona in March 2018 but failed to win back his seat in 2019 . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Businessman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kildonan - St. Paul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kildonan—St._Paul", "summary": "Kildonan - St. Paul is a federal electoral district in the Winnipeg Capital Region of Manitoba , Canada . It has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Joy Smith", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joy_Smith", "summary": "Joy Ann Smith ( born February 20 , 1947 ) is a Canadian politician . She served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba between 1999 and 2003 , and was in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Parliamentarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Portage - Lisgar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Portage—Lisgar", "summary": "Portage - Lisgar is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997 ." } ] }, { "value": "Candice Hoeppner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Candice_Hoeppner", "summary": "Candice Marie Bergen PC MP ( born September 28 , 1964 ) is a Canadian federal politician . She was previously Minister of State for Social Development , and Member of the Canadian Parliament in the Harper Government . She has represented the Manitoba riding of Portage - Lisgar in the House of Commons since her election in 2008 and is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada . She is currently House Leader of the Official Opposition . Elected under the name Candice Hoeppner , the Member of Parliament announced on September 17 , 2012 that she would resume her birth name of Bergen ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winkler", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winkler,_Manitoba", "summary": "Winkler is a small city with a population of 12,660 ( 2016 federal census ) located in southern Manitoba , Canada surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley . It is one hundred kilometres southwest of Winnipeg . As the largest city in the Pembina Valley , it serves as a regional hub for commerce , agriculture and industry . Winkler is Manitoba 's sixth-largest city ( as of 2011 ) and the second fastest growing city out of nine in the province ." } ] }, { "value": "Political Consultant/Organizer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Provencher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Provencher_(electoral_district)", "summary": "Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871 . It is primarily a rural district . Its largest community is the city of Steinbach ." } ] }, { "value": "Vic Toews", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vic_Toews", "summary": "Victor Vic Toews PC QC ( /ˈteɪvz/ ; born September 10 , 1952 ) is a Canadian jurist and former politician . Toews is a judge of the Court of Queen 's Bench of Manitoba . He represented Provencher in the House of Commons of Canada from 2000 until his resignation on July 9 , 2013 , and served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Stephen Harper , most recently as Minister of Public Safety . He previously served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1995 to 1999 , and was a senior cabinet minister in the government of Gary Filmon . Prior to his appointment to the judiciary , Toews was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Steinbach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steinbach,_Manitoba", "summary": "Steinbach ( /ˈstaɪnbæk/ ( listen ) ) is a city located about 58 km south-east of Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada . According to the Canada 2016 Census , Steinbach has a population of 15,829 , making it the third-largest city in Manitoba and the largest community in the Eastman region . The city is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Hanover ( north , west , and south ) , and the Rural Municipality of La Broquerie ( east ) . The name of Steinbach is translated from German as Stony Brook and was first settled by Plautdietsch-speaking Mennonites from the Russian Empire in 1874 . The city continues to have a strong Mennonite influence today ; more than 50 percent of the residents claim Germanic ( including both Dutch and German ) heritage . Steinbach is found on the eastern edge of the Canadian Prairies , while Sandilands Provincial Forest is a short distance east of the city . Steinbach is primarily an agricultural community ; however , as the regional economic hub of southeastern Manitoba , Steinbach has a trading area population of about 50,000 people . The city also has many service and commercial businesses to serve the population . Steinbach is the third fastest-growing census agglomeration in Canada . Out of the top eight fastest-growing agglomerations , Steinbach is the only one located outside Alberta . The city had a population growth of 17% between the 2011 and the 2016 census periods . The city has gained national recognition as an immigration destination of Canada and a model for immigrant integration in the country ." } ] }, { "value": "Parliamentarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saint Boniface", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Boniface_(electoral_district)", "summary": "Saint Boniface - Saint Vital ( French : Saint-Boniface - Saint-Vital ; formerly Saint Boniface ) is a federal electoral district in Winnipeg , Manitoba that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1925 . The district covers roughly the southern portion of the city of Winnipeg , east of the Red River . In particular , it contains the Franco-Manitoban community of Saint Boniface and roughly the northern two-thirds of the community of St. Vital . The riding ( as federal electoral districts are called in Canada ) has a sizeable French population ( 16% according to the last census ) and was a Liberal Party stronghold for most of its history . However , Conservative Shelly Glover , a Winnipeg police sergeant , won it in 2008 and three years later became the first centre-right MP in the riding 's history to be re-elected . It is the only riding in Western Canada that regularly elects francophone candidates to parliament ." } ] }, { "value": "Shelly Glover", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shelly_Glover", "summary": "Shelly A. Glover , PC ( born January 2 , 1967 ) is a former member of the Winnipeg Police Service and is a former Canadian politician who served as the Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages in the cabinet of former Prime Minister Stephen Harper . She was a member of the Conservative Party and was the Member of Parliament for the electoral district of Saint Boniface , Manitoba from 2008 until 2015 . In January 2011 , she was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance . She was appointed Minister of Canadian Heritage and Official Languages on July 15 , 2013 . She was the first policewoman to become an MP in Canadian history . Glover served as a member of the Winnipeg Police Service for almost 19 years prior to her election , rising to the rank of sergeant . She was on leave of absence from the police force while serving in Ottawa ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Police Officer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Selkirk - Interlake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Selkirk—Interlake", "summary": "Selkirk - Interlake - Eastman ( formerly Selkirk - Interlake ) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1976 to 1987 , and since 1997 . The riding was a battleground between the New Democratic Party and conservative parties that has become more and more conservative as the years passed , and is now a safe Conservative Party seat ." } ] }, { "value": "James Bezan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Bezan", "summary": "James Bezan MP ( born May 19 , 1965 ) is a Canadian politician . In 2004 , he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada to represent the Manitoba riding of Selkirk-Interlake as a Conservative . Bezan was re-elected on 2019.10.21 to represent the Manitoba constituency of Selkirk - Interlake - Eastman ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Teulon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Teulon,_Manitoba", "summary": "Teulon is a town located approximately 59 kilometres north of Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada , on Provincial Trunk Highway 7 . Located between Stonewall and Gimli , Teulon is commonly referred to as The Gateway to the Interlake . Teulon is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Rockwood ." } ] }, { "value": "Parliamentarian / Cattle Producer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg Centre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg_Centre", "summary": "Winnipeg Centre ( French : Winnipeg-Centre ) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925 and since 1997 ." } ] }, { "value": "Bev Pitura", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg North", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg_North", "summary": "Winnipeg North ( French : Winnipeg-Nord ) is a federal electoral district in Canada that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1917 . It covers the northern portion of Winnipeg , Manitoba ." } ] }, { "value": "Ann Matejicka", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg South", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg_South", "summary": "Winnipeg South ( French : Winnipeg-Sud ) is a Canadian federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1979 , and since 1988 . It covers the south of the city of Winnipeg ." } ] }, { "value": "Rod Bruinooge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rod_Bruinooge", "summary": "Rod E. Bruinooge ( born May 6 , 1973 ) is a Canadian politician , businessman , and filmmaker . He was elected as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Winnipeg South in the 2006 federal election , and was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and the Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians from 2006 until the fall of 2008 . Bruinooge is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada , and is an Aboriginal Canadian of Métis descent . He retired from parliament at the 2015 federal election . Rod Bruinooge became CEO of Eventride in May 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Incumbent Member of Parliament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Entrepreneur", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg South Centre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg_South_Centre", "summary": "Winnipeg South Centre ( French : Winnipeg-Centre-Sud ) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1979 and since 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Joyce Bateman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joyce_Bateman", "summary": "Joyce Bateman is a Canadian politician . She served as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for the electoral district of Winnipeg South Centre from 2011 to 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Manitoba - 14 Seats", "section_text": "", "uid": "Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates,_2011_Canadian_federal_election_5", "intro": "Candidates representing the Conservative Party took part in the 2011 Canadian federal election. 166 of them won their seat, giving the party an overall majority in the House of Commons." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Stanley", "title": "Kim Stanley", "header": [ "Opening date", "Closing date", "Title", "Role", "Playwright", "Theatre" ], "data": [ { "value": "Oct 29 , 1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dec 24 , 1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Montserrat", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Replacement for Julie Harris as Felisa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Julie_Harris_(American_actress)", "summary": "Julia Ann Harris ( December 2 , 1925 - August 24 , 2013 ) was an American actress . Renowned for her classical and contemporary stage work , she received five Tony Awards for Best Actress in a Play . Debuting on Broadway in 1945 , much against the wishes of her mother , who wanted her to 'come out ' as a society debutante , Harris was acclaimed for a complex performance as an isolated 12-year-old girl in the 1950 play The Member of the Wedding , a role she reprised in the 1952 film of the same name , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 1951 , her range was demonstrated as Sally Bowles in the original production of I Am a Camera , for which she won her first Tony award . She subsequently appeared in the 1955 film version . After a lull in the quality of motion pictures she had parts in , the 1960s saw Harris give acclaimed performances in classic films , including The Haunting ( 1963 ) , and what is sometimes considered the screen role that allowed her to best display her talents , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , in which she played opposite Marlon Brando . A rare method actor , she won Tony awards for The Lark ( 1956 ) , Forty Carats ( 1969 ) , The Last of Mrs. Lincoln ( 1973 ) , and The Belle of Amherst ( 1977 ) . She was also a Grammy Award winner and a three time Emmy Award winner . Harris was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1979 , received the National Medal of Arts in 1994 , and the 2002 Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award ." } ] }, { "value": "Lillian Hellman adaptation original Emmanuel Roblès", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lillian_Hellman", "summary": "Lillian Florence Hellman ( June 20 , 1905 - June 30 , 1984 ) was an American dramatist and screenwriter known for her success as a playwright on Broadway , as well as her Communist sympathies and political activism . She was blacklisted after her appearance before the House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC ) at the height of the anti-communist campaigns of 1947-1952 . Although she continued to work on Broadway in the 1950s , her blacklisting by the American film industry caused a drop in her income . Many praised Hellman for refusing to answer questions by HUAC , but others believed , despite her denial , that she had belonged to the Communist Party . As a playwright , Hellman had many successes on Broadway , including Watch on the Rhine , The Autumn Garden , Toys in the Attic , Another Part of the Forest , The Children 's Hour and The Little Foxes . She adapted her semi-autobiographical play The Little Foxes into a screenplay , which starred Bette Davis and received an Academy Award nomination in 1942 . Hellman was romantically involved with fellow writer and political activist Dashiell Hammett , author of the classic detective novels The Maltese Falcon and The Thin Man , who also was blacklisted for 10 years until his death in 1961 . The couple never married . Hellman 's accuracy was challenged after she brought a libel suit against Mary McCarthy . In 1979 , on The Dick Cavett Show , McCarthy said that every word she writes is a lie , including 'and ' and 'the ' . During the libel suit , investigators found errors in Hellman 's popular memoirs such as Pentimento . They said that the Julia section of Pentimento , which had been the basis for the Oscar-winning 1977 movie of the same name , was actually based on the life of Muriel Gardiner ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Emmanuel_Roblès", "summary": "Emmanuel Roblès ( 4 May 1914 in Oran , French Algeria - 22 February 1995 in Boulogne , Hauts-de-Seine ) was a French author . He was elected a member of the Académie Goncourt in 1973 . He was one of many influential pied-noir of his time . The literary award Prix Emmanuel Roblès has been established in his honour in 1990 ." } ] }, { "value": "Fulton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fulton_Theatre", "summary": "The Fulton Theatre was a Broadway theatre located at 210 West 46th Street in New York that was opened in 1911 . It was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre in 1955 . The theatre was demolished in 1982 . Since the former Little Theatre became the current Helen Hayes Theatre , the Fulton Theatre is now sometimes referred to as the First Helen Hayes Theatre ." } ] }, { "value": "Jan 7 , 1951", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jan 20 , 1951", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The House of Bernarda Alba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_House_of_Bernarda_Alba", "summary": "The House of Bernarda Alba ( Spanish : La casa de Bernarda Alba ) is a play by the Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca . Commentators have often grouped it with Blood Wedding and Yerma as a rural trilogy . Lorca did not include it in his plan for a trilogy of the Spanish land ( which remained unfinished at the time of his murder ) . Lorca described the play in its subtitle as a drama of women in the villages of Spain . The House of Bernarda Alba was Lorca 's last play , completed on 19 June 1936 , two months before Lorca 's death during the Spanish Civil War . The play was first performed on 8 March 1945 at the Avenida Theatre in Buenos Aires . The play centers on the events of a house in Andalusia during a period of mourning , in which Bernarda Alba ( aged 60 ) wields total control over her five daughters Angustias ( 39 years old ) , Magdalena ( 30 ) , Amelia ( 27 ) , Martirio , ( 24 ) , and Adela ( 20 ) . The housekeeper ( La Poncia ) and Bernarda 's elderly mother ( María Josefa ) also live there . The deliberate exclusion of any male character from the action helps build up the high level of sexual tension that is present throughout the play . Pepe el Romano , the love interest of Bernarda 's daughters and suitor of Angustias , never appears on stage . The play explores themes of repression , passion , and conformity , and inspects the effects of men upon women ." } ] }, { "value": "Adela", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Federico García Lorca Translation James Graham Lujan and Richard L. O'Connell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Federico_García_Lorca", "summary": "Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca ( Spanish pronunciation : [ feðeˈɾiko ðel saˈɣɾaðo koɾaˈθon de xeˈsuz ɣaɾˈθi.a ˈloɾka ] ; 5 June 1898 - 19 August 1936 ) , known as Federico García Lorca [ a ] ( English : /ɡɑːrˌsiːə ˈlɔːrkə/ gar-SEE-ə LOR-kə ) , was a Spanish poet , playwright , and theatre director . García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27 , a group consisting of mostly poets who introduced the tenets of European movements ( such as symbolism , futurism , and surrealism ) into Spanish literature . He was killed by Nationalist forces at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War . His remains have never been found ." } ] }, { "value": "ANTA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/August_Wilson_Theatre", "summary": "The August Wilson Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 245 West 52nd Street in midtown Manhattan . The theatre , named after Pulitzer-Prize winning playwright August Wilson ( 2005 ) , is owned and operated by Jordan Roth of Jujamcyn Theaters . The theatre has 1,222 seats , and its longest-running show was Jersey Boys ( 2005-2017 ) . Since April of 2018 , the Tony Award-nominated musical , Mean Girls has been running at the August Wilson ." } ] }, { "value": "Apr 15 , 1952", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 10 , 1952", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Chase", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anna Reeves", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Horton Foote", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Horton_Foote", "summary": "Albert Horton Foote Jr. ( March 14 , 1916 - March 4 , 2009 ) was an American playwright and screenwriter , perhaps best known for his screenplays for the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird and the 1983 film Tender Mercies , and his notable live television dramas during the Golden Age of Television . He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1995 for his play The Young Man From Atlanta and two Academy Awards , one for an original screenplay ( Tender Mercies ) and one for adapted screenplay ( To Kill a Mockingbird ) . In 1995 , Foote was the inaugural recipient of the Austin Film Festival 's Distinguished Screenwriter Award . In describing his three-play work , The Orphans ' Home Cycle , the drama critic for the Wall Street Journal said this : Foote , who died last March , left behind a masterpiece , one that will rank high among the signal achievements of American theater in the 20th century . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts ." } ] }, { "value": "Playhouse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Feb 19 , 1953", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Apr 10 , 1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Picnic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Picnic_(play)", "summary": "Picnic is a 1953 play by William Inge . The play was premiered at the Music Box Theatre , Broadway , on 19 February 1953 in a Theatre Guild production , directed by Joshua Logan , which ran for 477 performances . The original cast featured Ralph Meeker , Eileen Heckart , Arthur O'Connell , Janice Rule , Reta Shaw , Kim Stanley and Paul Newman . Inge won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work , and Logan received a Tony Award for Best Director . The play also won the New York Drama Critics ' Circle Award for Best Play of the season . Picnic was Paul Newman 's Broadway debut . An unknown at the time , Newman campaigned heavily for the leading role of Hal , but director Joshua Logan did not think Newman was physically large enough to convey the lead character 's athletic attributes . As a result , Ralph Meeker was given the role of Hal opposite Janice Rule as Madge . Newman played Hal 's former college roommate Alan Seymour while understudying the role of Hal . Newman eventually took over the lead role ." } ] }, { "value": "Millie Owens", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Inge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Inge", "summary": "William Motter Inge ( /ˈɪndʒ/ ; May 3 , 1913 - June 10 , 1973 ) was an American playwright and novelist , whose works typically feature solitary protagonists encumbered with strained sexual relations . In the early 1950s , he had a string of memorable Broadway productions , including Picnic , which earned him a Pulitzer Prize . With his portraits of small-town life and settings rooted in the American heartland , Inge became known as the Playwright of the Midwest ." } ] }, { "value": "Music Box", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Music_Box_Theatre", "summary": "The Music Box Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 239 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way ) in Midtown Manhattan , New York City ." } ] }, { "value": "Oct 27 , 1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nov 20 , 1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Traveling Lady", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Georgette Thomas", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Horton Foote", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Playhouse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mar 2 , 1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Apr 21 , 1956", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bus Stop", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bus_Stop_(play)", "summary": "Bus Stop is a 1955 play by William Inge . The 1956 film of the same name was opened up in the beginning to include scenes on the bus and in places away from the diner ." } ] }, { "value": "Cherie", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Inge", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Music Box Winter Garden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre", "summary": "The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 1634 Broadway between 50th and 51st Streets in midtown Manhattan ." } ] }, { "value": "Jan 10 , 1957", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Feb 9 , 1957", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Clearing in the Woods", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Virginia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arthur Laurents", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arthur_Laurents", "summary": "Arthur Laurents ( July 14 , 1917 - May 5 , 2011 ) was an American playwright , stage director and screenwriter . After writing scripts for radio shows after college and then training films for the U.S. Army during World War II , Laurents turned to writing for Broadway , producing a body of work that includes West Side Story ( 1957 ) , Gypsy ( 1959 ) , and Hallelujah , Baby ! ( 1967 ) , and directing some of his own shows and other Broadway productions . His early film scripts include Rope ( 1948 ) for Alfred Hitchcock , followed by Anastasia ( 1956 ) , Bonjour Tristesse ( 1958 ) , The Way We Were ( 1973 ) , and The Turning Point ( 1977 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Belasco", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belasco_Theatre", "summary": "The Belasco Theatre is a Broadway theater which opened in 1907 at 111 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Originally known as the Stuyvesant Theatre , it was designed by architect George Keister for impresario David Belasco . The interior featured Tiffany lighting and ceiling panels , rich woodwork and expansive murals by American artist Everett Shinn , and a ten-room duplex penthouse apartment that Belasco utilized as combination living quarters/office space ." } ] }, { "value": "Oct 2 , 1958", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jun 13 , 1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Touch of the Poet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Poet", "summary": "A Touch of the Poet is a play by Eugene O'Neill completed in 1942 but not performed until 1958 , after his death . It and its sequel , More Stately Mansions , were intended to be part of a nine-play cycle entitled A Tale of Possessors Self-Dispossessed . Set in the dining room of Melody 's Tavern , located in a village a few miles from Boston , it centers on Major Cornelius ( Con ) Melody , a braggart , social climber , and victim of the American class system in 1828 Massachusetts . The play has been produced on Broadway four times . The original production , directed by Harold Clurman , opened on October 2 , 1958 , at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 284 performances . The cast included Helen Hayes , Eric Portman , Betty Field , and Kim Stanley . Both the play and Stanley earned Tony Award nominations . The first revival , directed by Jack Sydow , played in repertory with The Imaginary Invalid and Tonight at 8.30 at the ANTA Playhouse in 1967 . Ten years later , the second revival , directed by José Quintero , opened on December 28 , 1977 , again at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 141 performances . The cast included Geraldine Fitzgerald , Milo O'Shea , Kathryn Walker , and Jason Robards , who was Tony-nominated for Best Actor in Play . After 32 previews , the third revival , directed by Doug Hughes , opened on December 8 , 2005 , at Studio 54 , where it ran for 50 performances . Gabriel Byrne and Emily Bergl headed the cast ." } ] }, { "value": "Sara Melody", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eugene O'Neill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eugene_O'Neill", "summary": "Eugene Gladstone O'Neill ( October 16 , 1888 - November 27 , 1953 ) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature . His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into U.S. drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov , Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen , and Swedish playwright August Strindberg . The drama Long Day 's Journey into Night is often numbered on the short list of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century , alongside Tennessee Williams 's A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller 's Death of a Salesman . O'Neill 's plays were among the first to include speeches in American English vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society . They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations , but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair . Of his very few comedies , only one is well-known ( Ah , Wilderness ! ) . Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism ." } ] }, { "value": "Helen Hayes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Helen_Hayes_Theatre", "summary": "Hayes Theater ( initially known as the Little Theatre and Helen Hayes Theatre ) is a Broadway theatre located at 240 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan . With 597 seats , it is the smallest theatre on Broadway . It was an ABC Television studio from 1957 to 1963 . Later the syndicated talk show The Merv Griffin Show , before it moved to Los Angeles in 1972 , was taped at the theatre ." } ] }, { "value": "Oct 12 , 1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nov 28 , 1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chéri", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Léa de Lonval", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anita Loos Colette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anita_Loos", "summary": "Corinne Anita Loos ( April 26 , 1889 - August 18 , 1981 ) was an American screenwriter , playwright and author , primarily known for her successful novel , Gentlemen Prefer Blondes . Becoming the first-ever female staff scriptwriter in 1912 when D.W. Griffith put her on the payroll at Triangle Film Corporation , she went on to write many of the Douglas Fairbanks films , as well as the stage adaptation of Colettes Gigi ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Colette", "summary": "Colette ( French : [ kɔ.lɛt ] ; Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette , 28 January 1873 - 3 August 1954 ) was a French author and woman of letters nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948 ; also known as a mime , actress , and journalist . Colette was most widely known for her 1944 novella Gigi ( 1944 ) , which was the basis for the 1958 film and the 1973 stage production of the same name ." } ] }, { "value": "Morosco", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Morosco_Theatre", "summary": "The Morosco Theatre was a Broadway theatre near Times Square in New York City from 1917 to 1982 . It housed many notable productions and its demolition , along with four adjacent theaters , was controversial ." } ] }, { "value": "Apr 4 , 1961", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nov 25 , 1961", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Far Country", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Far_Country", "summary": "A Far Country is a play by Henry Denker . The work premiered on Broadway at the Music Box Theatre on April 4 , 1961 , where it closed on November 25 , 1961 , after 271 performances . Produced by Roger L. Stevens and Joel Schenker , the production was directed by Alfred Ryder and used sets by Donald Oenslager and costumes by Ann Roth . Lead actress Kim Stanley ( Ryder 's wife at the time ) was nominated for a Tony Award for her portrayal of Elizabeth von Ritter ." } ] }, { "value": "Elizabeth von Ritter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Henry Denker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Henry_Denker", "summary": "Henry Denker ( November 25 , 1912 - May 15 , 2012 ) was an American novelist and playwright ." } ] }, { "value": "Music Box", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jan 31 , 1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mar 02 , 1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Natural Affection", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sue Barker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Inge", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Booth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Booth_Theatre", "summary": "The Booth Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 222 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way ) in midtown-Manhattan , New York City . Architect Henry B. Herts designed the Booth and its companion Shubert Theatre as a back-to-back pair sharing a Venetian Renaissance-style façade . Named in honor of famed 19th-century American actor Edwin Booth , brother of John Wilkes Booth , the theater 's 783-seat auditorium was intended to provide an intimate setting for dramatic and comedic plays . It opened on October 16 , 1913 , with Arnold Bennett 's play The Great Adventure . The venue was the second New York City theatre to bear this name . The first , Booth 's Theatre , was originally owned by Edwin Booth , and built by the architectural partnership Renwick & Sands between 1867-69 on the corner of 23rd Street and 6th Avenue ( see picture , below ) . The Booth Theatre appeared in The West Wing episode Posse Comitatus as venue for a fictitious charity performance of War of the Roses which President Jed Bartlet attended during the assassination of the Qumari Defence Minister Abdul ibn Shareef . The box-office record was broken in 2013 by Bette Midler in I 'll Eat You Last : A Chat with Sue Mengers with a gross of $ 753,217 in just seven performances . Midler then broke her own record the week following with a gross of $ 865,144 . The revival of The Elephant Man , starring Bradley Cooper , topped Midler 's record by grossing $ 1,058,547 for an eight-performance week ending December 28 , 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jun 22 , 1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oct 03 , 1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Three Sisters", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Three_Sisters_(play)", "summary": "Three Sisters ( Russian : Три сeстры́ , romanized : Tri sestry ) is a play by the Russian author and playwright Anton Chekhov . It was written in 1900 and first performed in 1901 at the Moscow Art Theatre . The play is sometimes included on the short list of Chekhov 's outstanding plays , along with The Cherry Orchard , The Seagull and Uncle Vanya ." } ] }, { "value": "Masha", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anton Chekhov Randall Jarrell English version", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Chekhov", "summary": "Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ( Russian : Антон Павлович Чехов [ note 1 ] , tr . Antón Pávlovič Čéhov , IPA : [ ɐnˈton ˈpavɫəvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕɛxəf ] ; 29 January 1860 [ note 2 ] - 15 July 1904 [ note 3 ] ) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history . His career as a playwright produced four classics , and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics . Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg , Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre . Chekhov practiced as a medical doctor throughout most of his literary career : Medicine is my lawful wife , he once said , and literature is my mistress . Chekhov renounced the theatre after the reception of The Seagull in 1896 , but the play was revived to acclaim in 1898 by Konstantin Stanislavski 's Moscow Art Theatre , which subsequently also produced Chekhov 's Uncle Vanya and premiered his last two plays , Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard . These four works present a challenge to the acting ensemble as well as to audiences , because in place of conventional action Chekhov offers a theatre of mood and a submerged life in the text . Chekhov had at first written stories to earn money , but as his artistic ambition grew , he made formal innovations which have influenced the evolution of the modern short story . He made no apologies for the difficulties this posed to readers , insisting that the role of an artist was to ask questions , not to answer them ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Randall_Jarrell", "summary": "Randall Jarrell /dʒəˈrɛl/ jə-REL ( May 6 , 1914 - October 14 , 1965 ) was an American poet , literary critic , children 's author , essayist , and novelist . He was the 11th Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress - a position that now bears the title Poet Laureate of the United States . Among other honors , Jarrell was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for the years 1947-48 ; a grant from the National Institute of Arts and Letters , in 1951 ; and the National Book Award for Poetry , in 1961 ." } ] }, { "value": "Morosco", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Stage work", "section_text": "Partial listing of stage work : [ 10 ]", "uid": "Kim_Stanley_0", "intro": "Kim Stanley (born Patricia Reid, February 11, 1925 - August 20, 2001) was an American actress, primarily in television and theatre, but with occasional film performances. She began her acting career in theatre, and subsequently attended the Actors Studio in New York City, New York. She received the 1952 Theatre World Award for her role in The Chase (1952), and starred in the Broadway productions of Picnic (1953) and Bus Stop (1955). Stanley was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her roles in A Touch of the Poet (1959) and A Far Country (1962). In the 1950s, Stanley was a prolific performer in television, and later progressed to film, with a well-received performance in The Goddess (1959). She was the narrator of To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), and starred in Séance on a Wet Afternoon (1964), for which she won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She was less active during the remainder of her career; two of her later film successes were as the mother of Frances Farmer in Frances (1982), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and as Pancho Barnes in The Right Stuff (1983). She received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Miniseries or a Movie for her performance as Big Mama in a television adaptation of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof in 1985. That same year, Kim Stanley was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_European_Team_Championships_Super_League", "title": "2013 European Team Championships Super League", "header": [ "Rank", "Name", "Nationality", "Time", "Points" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Elena Korobkina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Elena_Korobkina", "summary": "Yelena Sergeyevna Korobkina ( Елена Сергеевна Коробкина ; born 25 November 1990 ) is a Russian middle-distance runner . She won the silver medal in the 1500 metres at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." } ] }, { "value": "9:01.45", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Laura Weightman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laura_Weightman", "summary": "Laura Weightman ( born 1 July 1991 ) is an English middle-distance runner who competes in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres . She reached the 1500 metres final at the 2012 London Olympics and the 2016 Rio Olympics . She won a silver medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and bronze medals at the 2014 and 2018 European Championships . She also won a bronze medal in the 5000 metres at the 2018 Commonwealth Games . Her personal best in the Mile of 4:17.60 in 2019 ranks her in the world all-time top 25 ." } ] }, { "value": "Great Britain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "9:03.11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iris María Fuentes-Pila", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iris_María_Fuentes-Pila", "summary": "Iris María Fuentes-Pila Ortiz ( born 10 August 1980 , in Santander ) is a Spanish middle distance runner who specializes in the 1500 metres . She finished eleventh at the 2002 European Championships . She also competed at the 2004 Olympics , reaching the semi final . She was named for the Spanish 2007 European Indoor Championships team together with two sisters , Margarita and Zulema ." } ] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "9:03.20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Corinna Harrer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Corinna_Harrer", "summary": "Corinna Harrer ( born 19 January 1991 ) is a German middle distance runner . She was born in Regensburg . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she competed in the 1500 metres . She won a silver medal at the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships in the 3000 metres ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "9:03.55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Renata Pliś", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renata_Pliś", "summary": "Renata Pliś ( born February 5 , 1985 ) is a Polish runner who specializes in the middle distance events ." } ] }, { "value": "Poland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Poland", "summary": "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ." } ] }, { "value": "9:04.46", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silvia Weissteiner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Silvia_Weissteiner", "summary": "Silvia Weissteiner ( born 13 July 1979 in Sterzing/Vipiteno ) is an Italian long-distance runner ." } ] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "9:05.58", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christine Bardelle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christine_Bardelle", "summary": "Christine Bardelle ( born 16 August 1974 ) is a French long-distance runner . In cross-country , Christine Bardelle 's French team won the team silver medal at the 2012 European Cross Country Championships and 2013 European Cross Country Championships , and also obtained the team bronze medal at the 2008 European Cross Country Championships . On the Track , Christine won the 5000 metres title at the championships of France 2006 , 2009 et 2012 , and won the national title in the 10 000 metres in 2010 . Elle placed seventh in the 3000 metres at the 2013 Indoor European Championships and won this same year the gold medal in 5000 m at the 2013 Mediterranean Games ." } ] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "9:09.36", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Türkan Özata-Erişmiş", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Türkan_Özata-Erişmiş", "summary": "Türkan Erişmiş ( born January 5 , 1984 in Ağrı , Turkey ) , aka Türkan Bozkurt , Türkan Bozkurt Erişmiş or Türkan Özata-Erişmiş , is a Turkish female middle distance runner competing mostly in the 3000 m steeplechase and cross country running events . The 170 cm ( 5 ft 7 in ) tall athlete at 52 kg ( 115 lb ) graduated from Niğde University , and works now as a teacher of physical education . In 1996 , at the age of twelve , she moved to Ankara leaving her parents in Ağrı . She was discovered and recommended to coach Ali Çelik in Ankara by a former athlete Sermet Timurlenk in her hometown . She was a member of Kasımpaşaspor in Istanbul before she transferred to Üsküdar Belediyespor . Currently , she is running for Beşiktaş J.K . Athletics Team . She won the bronze medal in the 5.975 km event of U23 category at the 2006 European Cross Country Championships held in San Giorgio su Legnano , Italy . Erişmiş earned a bronze medal in 3000 m steeplechase at the 2005 Summer Universiade held in İzmir , Turkey setting the national record . She repeated her same success at the 2007 Summer Universiade held in Bangkok , Thailand setting the national record again . She repeated her bronze medal gain at the 2009 Summer Universiade held in Belgrade , Serbia . She participated in the 3000 m steeplechase event at the 2008 Summer Olympics without advancing to the final ." } ] }, { "value": "Turkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Turkey", "summary": "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ." } ] }, { "value": "9:11.28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yana Yanosh", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ukraine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ukraine", "summary": "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "9:25.44", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anastasía Karakatsáni", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anastasía_Karakatsáni", "summary": "Anastasia Karakatsani ( Greek : Αναστασία Καρακατσάνη ; born 10 January 1992 in Volos ) is a Greek long-distance runner who competes in the 5000 metres and the 10000 metres . She won the bronze medal at the 2013 European Athletics U23 Championships in Tampere ." } ] }, { "value": "Greece", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greece", "summary": "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ." } ] }, { "value": "9:34.03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nastassia Staravoitava", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nastassia_Staravoitava", "summary": "Nastassia Ivanova ( Belarusian : Настасся Іванова ; née Staravoitava ; Belarusian : Старавойтава ; born November 4 , 1982 in Zhodzina ) is a Belarusian long-distance runner . She competed in the marathon at the 2012 Summer Olympics , placing 33rd with a time of 2:30:25 . She competed in the women 's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Belarus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belarus", "summary": "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ." } ] }, { "value": "9:37.34", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Veronika Brennhovd Blom", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Norway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." } ] }, { "value": "9:40.97", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Women -- 3000 metres", "section_text": "", "uid": "2013_European_Team_Championships_Super_League_25", "intro": "These are the complete results of the 2013 European Team Championships Super League on 22 and 23 June 2013 in Gateshead, Great Britain. As with the previous championships there were a couple of rules applying specifically to this competition, such as the limit of three attempts in the throwing events, long jump and triple jump (only the top four were allowed the fourth attempt) and the limit of four misses total in the high jump and pole vault." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_P._Nayarambalam", "title": "Benny P. Nayarambalam", "header": [ "Title", "Year", "Director" ], "data": [ { "value": "First Bell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Bell", "summary": "First bell is a 1992 Indian Malayalam film , directed by PG Vishwambharan , starring Jayaram , Jagadish , Anusha and Sainudeen in the lead roles ." } ] }, { "value": "1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "P. G. Viswambharan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/P._G._Viswambharan", "summary": "P. G. Viswambharan ( 1947 - 16 June 2010 ) was an Indian film director who worked in Malayalam cinema . Viswambharan directed 63 Malayalam films , in a career spanning close to four decades ." } ] }, { "value": "Koushalam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Koushalam", "summary": "Koushalam is a 1993 Indian Malayalam film , directed by T. S. Mohan and starring Siddique and Urvashi in the lead roles ." } ] }, { "value": "1993", "urls": [] }, { "value": "T. S. Mohan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Keerthanam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keerthanam", "summary": "Keerthanam is a 1995 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Venu B. Nair , starring Mukesh and Pragathi in the lead roles ." } ] }, { "value": "1995", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Venu B Nair", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manthramothiram", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manthramothiram", "summary": "Manthra Mothiram is a 1997 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Sasi Shanker . The film stars Dileep , Nedumudi Venu and Kalabhavan Mani in the lead roles . The film has musical score by Johnson ." } ] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sasi Shanker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sasi_Shanker", "summary": "Sasi Shanker ( 1957 - 10 August 2016 ) was an Indian film director . He directed one Tamil film and ten Malayalam films . He won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues in 1993 for his film Naaraayam . He died on 10 August 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Junior Mandrake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Junior_Mandrake", "summary": "Junior Mandrake is a 1997 Malayalam comedy film directed by Ali Akbar . Jagadish , Jagathy Sreekumar , Rajan P. Dev and Janardhanan plays the lead roles in this film . The film did excellent business in the box office and also gained the present cult following release of the movie in Home videos and Cable television networks . A sequel of Junior Mandrake namely Senior Mandrake was released in 2010 by the same director , but it was n't a success at the box office due to poor script ." } ] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ali Akbar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ali_Akbar_(director)", "summary": "Ali Akbar is an Indian film lyricist , screenwriter , and director in Malayalam movies . He directed more than 20 Malayalam movies , including Junior Mandrake , Kudumba Vaarthakal and Pai Brothers . He contested in Kozhikkode corporation for BJP ." } ] }, { "value": "Five Star Hospital", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Five_Star_Hospital", "summary": "Five Star Hospital is a 1997 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Thaha . The film stars George Vishnu , Jagadish , Jagathy Sreekumar and Thilakan in the lead roles . The film has musical score by Bombay Ravi ." } ] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thaha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thaha", "summary": "Thaha is a Malayali Indian film director and writer known primarily for his slapstick comedy movies . He has also directed pachuvum & kovalanum ." } ] }, { "value": "Grama Panchayath", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ali Akbar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ali_Akbar_(director)", "summary": "Ali Akbar is an Indian film lyricist , screenwriter , and director in Malayalam movies . He directed more than 20 Malayalam movies , including Junior Mandrake , Kudumba Vaarthakal and Pai Brothers . He contested in Kozhikkode corporation for BJP ." } ] }, { "value": "Achammakkuttiyude Achayan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajan P. Dev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajan_P._Dev", "summary": "Rajan P. Dev ( 20 May 1951 - 29 July 2009 ) was an Indian film actor and stage actor . He was born in Cherthala in the Alappuzha district of the former state Thiru-Kochi ( present day Kerala ) . He had acted in over 200 films in Malayalam , Tamil , Telugu and Kannada languages . He was noted for his villain roles laced with a touch of humour . He came into the limelight for his characterisation of Kochuvava in the play Kattukuthira . Rajan P. Dev died in Kochi Wednesday 29 July 2009 due to a liver disease ." } ] }, { "value": "Aakasha Ganga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aakasha_Ganga", "summary": "Aakasha Ganga is a 1999 Indian Malayalam-language horror-thriller film directed by Vinayan , starring Divya Unni and Mukesh and produced by Aakash Films . It was dubbed in Tamil as Avala Aaviya and in Hindi as Maaya Ka Saaya . A sequel of the movie Aakasha Ganga 2 has been released on November 1,2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vinayan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vinayan", "summary": "T. G. Vinayakumar ( born 16 May 1960 ) , better known by his stage name Vinayan is an Indian film director , screenwriter , producer , and lyricist , who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and occasionally in Tamil cinema ." } ] }, { "value": "Vazhunnor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vazhunnor", "summary": "Vazhunnor is a 1999 Indian Malayalam language action thriller film , written by Benny P. Nayarambalam and directed by Joshiy . The film stars Suresh Gopi , Samyuktha Varma , Sangeetha , Janardanan and Jagathy Sreekumar in the lead roles . The film has musical score by S. P. Venkatesh and songs by Ouseppachan . Upon release , the movie garnered positive reviews and became the second highest-grossing movie of the year , after Pathram ." } ] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Joshy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joshy", "summary": "Joshiy ( born 19 July 1952 ) is an Indian film director from Varkala of Trivandrum in Kerala who works predominantly in the Malayalam film industry . He made his debut with Tiger Salim ( 1978 ) and has directed over 90 films including films with Mammootty and Mohanlal . He has also directed a few Hindi , Tamil , Telugu and Kannada films . In the beginning of his career , he received national fame when he directed Dharm Aur Qanoon ( 1984 ) starring Rajesh Khanna and Dharmendra in the lead roles , with Khanna in double roles ." } ] }, { "value": "Naranathu Thampuran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Naranathu_Thampuran", "summary": "Naranathu Thampuran is a Malayalam language film directed by Viji Thampi . It was released in 2001 and was one of the hits of Jayaram and ran more than 75 days in most of the centres . This was Jayarams third release in 2001 after Vakkalath Narayanan Kutty and Sharjah to Sharjah ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Viji Thampi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Viji_Thampi", "summary": "Viji Thampi is an Indian film director who works in Malayalam films . After making his directorial debut with the 1988 film David David Mr. David , Thampi directed a series of comedy films in the 1990s which turned out to be commercial hits . Viji Thampi is known for appearing in cameo roles in his own films . He has also directed the Malayalam crime thriller television series Black and White and later , the mythological television serial Devimahathmyam ." } ] }, { "value": "Kalyanaraman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kalyanaraman_(2002_film)", "summary": "Kalyanaraman ( transl . Wedding Raman ) is a 2002 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film directed by Shafi and written by Benny P. Nayarambalam , starring Dileep and Navya Nair . The plot follows Ramankutty and family who runs a catering service and the events that follows after they take the work of Thekkedathu Achuthankutty 's sister 's wedding . The music was composed by Berny-Ignatius . The film was remade in Telugu as Kalyana Ramudu ( 2003 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shafi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shafi", "summary": "The Shafii ( Arabic : شافعي Shāfiʿī , alternative spelling Shafei ) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam . It was founded by the Arab scholar Al-Shafii , a pupil of Malik , in the early 9th century . The other three schools of Sunni jurisprudence are Hanafi , Maliki and Hanbali . The Shafi school predominantly relies on the Quran and the Hadiths for Sharia . Where passages of Quran and Hadiths are ambiguous , the school first seeks religious law guidance from Ijma - the consensus of Scholars ( Community of Islamic scholars ) . If there was no consensus , the Shafii school relies on individual opinion ( Ijtihad ) of the companions of Muhammad , followed by analogy . The Shafii school was , in the early history of Islam , the most followed ideology for Sharia . [ citation needed ] However , with the Ottoman Empire 's expansion and patronage , it was replaced with the Hanafi school in many parts of the Muslim world . One of the many differences between the Shafii and Hanafi schools is that the Shafii school does not consider Istihsan ( judicial discretion by suitably qualified legal scholars ) as an acceptable source of religious law because it amounts to human legislation of Islamic law . [ not specific enough to verify ] The Shafii school is now predominantly found in Somalia , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Djibouti , eastern Egypt , the Swahili coast , Hijaz , Yemen , Kurdish regions of the Middle East , Dagestan , Chechen and Ingush regions of the Caucasus , Indonesia , Malaysia , Sri Lanka , Maldives , Kerala and some other coastal regions in India , Singapore , Myanmar , Thailand , Brunei , and the Philippines ." } ] }, { "value": "Kunjikoonan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kunjikoonan_(2002_film)", "summary": "Kunjikoonan is a 2002 Malayalam film directed by Sasi Shanker and starring Dileep , Manya and Navya Nair . Dileep played dual roles in this movie . Dileep won Asianet Film Awards for Best actor This movie was later remade to Tamil as Perazhagan , starring Surya Sivakumar and Jyothika . It was also remade to Kannada as Manmatha in 2006 and in Odia as Rasika Naagara ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sasi Shanker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sasi_Shanker", "summary": "Sasi Shanker ( 1957 - 10 August 2016 ) was an Indian film director . He directed one Tamil film and ten Malayalam films . He won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues in 1993 for his film Naaraayam . He died on 10 August 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Thommanum Makkalum", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thommanum_Makkalum", "summary": "Thommanum Makkalum ( English : Thomman and Sons ) is a 2005 Indian Malayalam-language action comedy film directed by Shafi , written by Benny P. Nayarambalam , and produced by Lal under his production house Lal Creations . The film stars Mammootty , Lal , and Rajan P. Dev in the main roles . It tells the story of Thomman ( Rajan P. Dev ) and his two adopted sons Shivan ( Mammootty ) and Sathyan ( Lal ) . The film was among the highest grossing Malayalam films of 2005 . Shafi remade the film in Tamil cinema as Majaa ( 2005 ) . and in Kannada as Kaamannana Makkalu with Sudeep ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shafi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shafi", "summary": "The Shafii ( Arabic : شافعي Shāfiʿī , alternative spelling Shafei ) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam . It was founded by the Arab scholar Al-Shafii , a pupil of Malik , in the early 9th century . The other three schools of Sunni jurisprudence are Hanafi , Maliki and Hanbali . The Shafi school predominantly relies on the Quran and the Hadiths for Sharia . Where passages of Quran and Hadiths are ambiguous , the school first seeks religious law guidance from Ijma - the consensus of Scholars ( Community of Islamic scholars ) . If there was no consensus , the Shafii school relies on individual opinion ( Ijtihad ) of the companions of Muhammad , followed by analogy . The Shafii school was , in the early history of Islam , the most followed ideology for Sharia . [ citation needed ] However , with the Ottoman Empire 's expansion and patronage , it was replaced with the Hanafi school in many parts of the Muslim world . One of the many differences between the Shafii and Hanafi schools is that the Shafii school does not consider Istihsan ( judicial discretion by suitably qualified legal scholars ) as an acceptable source of religious law because it amounts to human legislation of Islamic law . [ not specific enough to verify ] The Shafii school is now predominantly found in Somalia , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Djibouti , eastern Egypt , the Swahili coast , Hijaz , Yemen , Kurdish regions of the Middle East , Dagestan , Chechen and Ingush regions of the Caucasus , Indonesia , Malaysia , Sri Lanka , Maldives , Kerala and some other coastal regions in India , Singapore , Myanmar , Thailand , Brunei , and the Philippines ." } ] }, { "value": "Chanthupottu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthupottu", "summary": "Chanthupottu is a 2005 Indian Malayalam-language comedy drama film directed by Lal Jose , written by Benny P. Nayarambalam , and produced by Lal . The film was based on a play of the same name , which in turn , was based on the life of an actual man with feminine mannerisms . The story is about a man named Radhakrishnan ( Dileep ) who was brought up like a girl by his grandmother . This film was a commercial success at the box office ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lal Jose", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lal_Jose", "summary": "Lal Jose is an Indian film director and producer who works in Malayalam film industry . Lal Jose started his film career as an assistant director to Kamal . Lal Jose worked on a slew of Kamal 's films during the 1990s . His directional debut was the film Oru Maravathoor Kanavu ( 1998 ) . His popular films include Chandranudikkunna Dikhil ( 1999 ) , Meesa Madhavan ( 2002 ) , Chanthupottu ( 2005 ) , Classmates ( 2006 ) , Arabikkatha ( 2007 ) , Neelathaamara ( 2009 ) , Diamond Necklace ( 2012 ) , Ayalum Njanum Thammil ( 2012 ) , Immanuel ( 2013 ) , and Vikramadithyan ( 2014 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Majaa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Majaa", "summary": "Majaa is a 2005 Tamil action masala film directed by Shafi , starring Vikram , Asin , Vadivelu , Pasupathy , Anu Prabhakar , Vijayakumar , Manivannan , Sindhu Tolani , Murali and Biju Menon . The music is composed by Vidyasagar . It tells the story of two adopted children changing from their old , mischievous ways of life . The film is a remake of Shafi 's own Malayalam film Thommanum Makkalum . The movie was dubbed in Telugu with the same title . The movie was later dubbed into Hindi as Dada No . 1 by Cinecurry and Royal Film Company ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shafi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shafi", "summary": "The Shafii ( Arabic : شافعي Shāfiʿī , alternative spelling Shafei ) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam . It was founded by the Arab scholar Al-Shafii , a pupil of Malik , in the early 9th century . The other three schools of Sunni jurisprudence are Hanafi , Maliki and Hanbali . The Shafi school predominantly relies on the Quran and the Hadiths for Sharia . Where passages of Quran and Hadiths are ambiguous , the school first seeks religious law guidance from Ijma - the consensus of Scholars ( Community of Islamic scholars ) . If there was no consensus , the Shafii school relies on individual opinion ( Ijtihad ) of the companions of Muhammad , followed by analogy . The Shafii school was , in the early history of Islam , the most followed ideology for Sharia . [ citation needed ] However , with the Ottoman Empire 's expansion and patronage , it was replaced with the Hanafi school in many parts of the Muslim world . One of the many differences between the Shafii and Hanafi schools is that the Shafii school does not consider Istihsan ( judicial discretion by suitably qualified legal scholars ) as an acceptable source of religious law because it amounts to human legislation of Islamic law . [ not specific enough to verify ] The Shafii school is now predominantly found in Somalia , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Djibouti , eastern Egypt , the Swahili coast , Hijaz , Yemen , Kurdish regions of the Middle East , Dagestan , Chechen and Ingush regions of the Caucasus , Indonesia , Malaysia , Sri Lanka , Maldives , Kerala and some other coastal regions in India , Singapore , Myanmar , Thailand , Brunei , and the Philippines ." } ] }, { "value": "Pothan Vava", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pothan_Vava", "summary": "Pothan Vava is a 2006 Malayalam film directed by Joshi starring Mammootty in the title role . Famous Indian pop and bollywood singer Usha Uthup made her first screen appearance through this film . She played the role of Mammootty 's mother ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Joshy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joshy", "summary": "Joshiy ( born 19 July 1952 ) is an Indian film director from Varkala of Trivandrum in Kerala who works predominantly in the Malayalam film industry . He made his debut with Tiger Salim ( 1978 ) and has directed over 90 films including films with Mammootty and Mohanlal . He has also directed a few Hindi , Tamil , Telugu and Kannada films . In the beginning of his career , he received national fame when he directed Dharm Aur Qanoon ( 1984 ) starring Rajesh Khanna and Dharmendra in the lead roles , with Khanna in double roles ." } ] }, { "value": "Chotta Mumbai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chotta_Mumbai", "summary": "Chotta Mumbai is a 2007 Indian Malayalam-language black comedy mafia action film directed by Anwar Rasheed , written by Benny P. Nayarambalam , and co-produced by Maniyanpilla Raju . The film stars Mohanlal , Siddique , Saikumar , Bhavana , Jagathy Sreekumar , Indrajith Sukumaran , Manikuttan , Bijukuttan , Kalabhavan Mani , and Rajan P. Dev . Rahul Raj composed the score and songs of the film . The plot follows Vasco da Gama ( Thala ) and his gang of friends , all unemployed and leading a happy-go-lucky life . The film released on 6 April 2007 opened to positive reviews ." } ] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anwar Rasheed", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anwar_Rasheed", "summary": "Anwar Rasheed is an Indian film director and producer who works in Malayalam films . He made his debut in 2005 with Rajamanikyam , a masala film . He continued to do successful action-comedy films , such as Chotta Mumbai ( 2007 ) and Annan Thambi ( 2008 ) . His directorial drama Ustad Hotel ( 2012 ) won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . He has produced commercially successful films like Bangalore Days and Premam under the banner Anwar Rasheed Entertainments ." } ] }, { "value": "Annan Thambi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Annan_Thambi", "summary": "Annan Thambi is a 2008 Indian Malayalam-language directed by Anwar Rasheed , starring Mammootty , Lakshmi Rai and Gopika . Mammootty plays twins Achu and Appu in the film . The film was a success at the box office ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anwar Rasheed", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anwar_Rasheed", "summary": "Anwar Rasheed is an Indian film director and producer who works in Malayalam films . He made his debut in 2005 with Rajamanikyam , a masala film . He continued to do successful action-comedy films , such as Chotta Mumbai ( 2007 ) and Annan Thambi ( 2008 ) . His directorial drama Ustad Hotel ( 2012 ) won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . He has produced commercially successful films like Bangalore Days and Premam under the banner Anwar Rasheed Entertainments ." } ] }, { "value": "LollyPop", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LollyPop", "summary": "LolliPop is a 2008 Indian Malayalam-language action comedy film directed by Shafi and written by Benny P. Nayarambalam . It stars Prithviraj Sukumaran , Jayasurya , Kunchacko Boban , Bhavana , Roma . The film started filming on 17 August 2008 . The main locations are Kochi and Bangkok . It released on 21 December 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shafi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shafi", "summary": "The Shafii ( Arabic : شافعي Shāfiʿī , alternative spelling Shafei ) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam . It was founded by the Arab scholar Al-Shafii , a pupil of Malik , in the early 9th century . The other three schools of Sunni jurisprudence are Hanafi , Maliki and Hanbali . The Shafi school predominantly relies on the Quran and the Hadiths for Sharia . Where passages of Quran and Hadiths are ambiguous , the school first seeks religious law guidance from Ijma - the consensus of Scholars ( Community of Islamic scholars ) . If there was no consensus , the Shafii school relies on individual opinion ( Ijtihad ) of the companions of Muhammad , followed by analogy . The Shafii school was , in the early history of Islam , the most followed ideology for Sharia . [ citation needed ] However , with the Ottoman Empire 's expansion and patronage , it was replaced with the Hanafi school in many parts of the Muslim world . One of the many differences between the Shafii and Hanafi schools is that the Shafii school does not consider Istihsan ( judicial discretion by suitably qualified legal scholars ) as an acceptable source of religious law because it amounts to human legislation of Islamic law . [ not specific enough to verify ] The Shafii school is now predominantly found in Somalia , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Djibouti , eastern Egypt , the Swahili coast , Hijaz , Yemen , Kurdish regions of the Middle East , Dagestan , Chechen and Ingush regions of the Caucasus , Indonesia , Malaysia , Sri Lanka , Maldives , Kerala and some other coastal regions in India , Singapore , Myanmar , Thailand , Brunei , and the Philippines ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Filmography", "section_text": "", "uid": "Benny_P._Nayarambalam_0", "intro": "Benny P. Nayarambalam is an Indian screenwriter who works in Malayalam films and theatre. He wrote his first theatrical play Athyunnathangalil Deivathinu Sthuthi at the age of 19, for the production company owned by Rajan P. Dev, in which he also performed as Rajan's son. He has a post-graduate degree in Malayalam literature. He made his debut in films as screenwriter through First Bell (1992), directed by P. G. Viswambharan. Benny had a successful career as a screenwriter, with most of his films turning into blockbusters. And two of his theatre plays Vikalanga Varsham and Arabikkadalum Adbudavilakkum were made into films, Kunjikoonan (2002) and Chanthupottu (2005) respectively. In Chanthupottu, Dileep and Lal played the roles Benny and Rajan P. Dev portrayed in the original play." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships", "title": "1999 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships", "header": [ "Rank", "Country", "Team", "Time" ], "data": [ { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Africa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Africa", "summary": "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ." } ] }, { "value": "Hendrick Ramaala Abner Chipu Mluleki Nobanda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hendrick_Ramaala", "summary": "Hendrik Ramaala ( born 2 February 1972 ) is a South African long-distance runner ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Abner_Chipu", "summary": "Abner Chipu ( born 2 January 1972 ) is a retired South African long-distance runner . His specialties include Cross , Half Marathon , Marathon , Cross team event and the Half Marathon Team Event ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mluleki_Nobanda", "summary": "Mluleki Nobanda ( born 15 November 1968 ) is a South African long-distance runner who competes in half marathons and marathons . He was a team gold medallist at the 1999 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships with Hendrick Ramaala and Abner Chipu after finishing tenth with a personal best time of 62:17 minutes . He has won marathons in three continents , having taken the Belgrade Marathon in 2001 , Taipei International Marathon in 2002 , and numerous marathons in South Africa . He has also won the prestigious 56 km Two Oceans Marathon . He achieved his personal best at the 1999 Reims Marathon , running a time of 2:12:13 hours for third . He won the Cape Town Marathon in 2007 at the age of 39 ." } ] }, { "value": "3:06:01", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ethiopia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ethiopia", "summary": "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Tesfaye Jifar Tesfaye Tola Fekadu Degefu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tesfaye_Jifar", "summary": "Tesfaye Jifar ( Amharic : ተስፋዬ ጅፋር ) born April 23 , 1976 ) is a male Ethiopian long-distance runner . Jifar won the New York City Marathon in 2001 , his time of 2:07:43 standing as the course record for ten years . The same year he was second at the Tokyo Marathon and won the Saint Silvester Marathon held in Brazil . At the Amsterdam Marathon in 1999 he was second and broke the Ethiopian record held by Belayneh Dinsamo . Jifar 's time of 2:06:49 hours remains his personal record . Tesfaye Jifar is a three-time medalist from IAAF World Half Marathon Championships , he won bronze in 1999 and 2000 and silver in 2001 . At the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton Jifar finished seventh in the marathon race ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tesfaye_Tola", "summary": "Tesfaye Tola ( born October 19 , 1974 ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner , most known for winning a bronze medal in marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics . The next year he finished fourth at the 2001 World Championships , and fifth in the World Half Marathon Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "3:06:03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenya", "summary": "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ." } ] }, { "value": "Paul Tergat Laban Chege Sammy Korir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paul_Tergat", "summary": "Paul Kibii Tergat ( born 17 June 1969 ) is a Kenyan former professional long distance runner . He became the first Kenyan to set the world record in the marathon from 2003 to 2007 , with a time of 2:04:55 , and is regarded as one of the most accomplished long-distance runners of all time . Runnerworld called him the Most comprehensive runner of all time . Towards the end of his career he concentrated exclusively on the marathon . Tergat set several world records and won many titles on the track , in cross country , and on the road . He lives and trains in Eldoret ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Laban_Chege", "summary": "Laban Chege ( born 10 September 1969 ) is a Kenyan athlete who specialises in middle and long distance running . He finished tenth at the 1997 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships , and a seventh-place finish at the 1999 edition helped him win a bronze medal with Kenya in the team competition . He won the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale race on consecutive occasions in 1995 and 1996 . He won the City to Surf race in Sydney twice in 1999 and 2000 . He has also competed in cross country running , having won the 1998 Belfast International Cross Country meeting ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sammy_Korir", "summary": "Sammy Korir ( born December 12 , 1971 ) in Kiboswa village , Nandi county of Rift Valley province , Kenya , is a long distance runner from Kenya ." } ] }, { "value": "3:06:03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Abdellah Béhar Larbi Zéroual Mohamed Serbouti", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abdellah_Béhar", "summary": "Abdellah Béhar ( born 5 July 1963 in Souk Arba du Gharb ) is a retired Moroccan-born French runner who specializes in the 5000 metres and cross-country running ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Larbi_Zéroual", "summary": "Larbi Zéroual ( born 14 January 1971 ) is a Moroccan long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 10,000 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "3:08:39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Portugal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Portugal", "summary": "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ." } ] }, { "value": "Eduardo Henriques Alberto Chaíça José Ramos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eduardo_Henriques", "summary": "Eduardo António da Silva Henriques ( born 24 March 1968 in Alenquer , Oeste ) is a Portuguese runner who specialized in the 3000 metres steeplechase and cross-country running . Since 1999 he has mainly been running half marathon ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alberto_Chaíça", "summary": "Alberto Chaíça ( born 17 September 1973 , Caparica ) is a Portuguese long-distance runner . His best result to date has been a finish in 4th place in the marathon at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics in Paris . He competed in the marathon at the 2004 Olympics finishing 8th . He also finished 8th in the marathon at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/José_Ramos_(athlete)", "summary": "José Joaquim Domingos Ramos ( born 28 July 1968 in Barreira ) is a Portuguese long distance runner ." } ] }, { "value": "3:08:50", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Japan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Japan", "summary": "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Toshiyuki Hayata Toshiaki Tezuka Shigeru Aburaya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shigeru_Aburaya", "summary": "Shigeru Aburaya ( 油谷 繁 , Aburaya Shigeru , born 8 February 1977 in Nagato , Yamaguchi ) is a Japanese long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon race ." } ] }, { "value": "3:09:21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "Rachid Berradi Giacomo Leone Roberto Barbi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rachid_Berradi", "summary": "Rachid Meknes Berradi ( born 29 August 1975 ) is an Italian long-distance runner who specializes in the 10,000 metres ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Giacomo_Leone", "summary": "Giacomo Leone ( born 10 April 1971 in Francavilla Fontana , Brindisi ) is a retired male long-distance runner from Italy . He set his personal best ( 2:07:52 ) in the marathon on 4 March 2001 in Otsu , Japan . Leone is best known for winning the 1996 edition of the New York City Marathon ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Roberto_Barbi", "summary": "Roberto Barbi ( born 25 March 1965 ) is a retired Italian long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon . He was banned from sports for life in 2009 , after his second EPO positive ." } ] }, { "value": "3:11:05", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "Teodoro Cuñado Javier Caballero Antonio Serrano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Teodoro_Cuñado", "summary": "Teodoro Cuñado ( born 13 February 1970 ) is a Spanish long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 10,000 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Antonio_Serrano_(athlete)", "summary": "Antonio Serrano Sánchez ( born 8 March 1965 in La Solana , Ciudad Real ) is a retired Spanish long-distance runner who specialized in the 10.000 metres and road running ." } ] }, { "value": "3:11:10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Netherlands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ." } ] }, { "value": "Kamiel Maase Aiduna Aitnafa Marco Gielen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kamiel_Maase", "summary": "Kamiel Maase ( born 20 October 1971 in Nijmegen , Gelderland ) is a retired long-distance runner from the Netherlands , who is the current Dutch record holder in the 5,000 and 10,000 metres . He retired in January , 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "3:11:43", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Scott Larson John Sence Kevin Odiorne", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:14:28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Algeria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Algeria", "summary": "Algeria ( /ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) al-JEER-ee-ə ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . The capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast . With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres ( 919,595 sq mi ) , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in the African Union and Arab World . With an estimated population of over 42 million , it is among the ten most populous states in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes ( counties ) . Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Zayyanids , Spaniards , Ottomans and , finally , the French colonial empire . Algeria is a regional and middle power . It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent , based largely on energy exports . Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa , supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget ." } ] }, { "value": "Rachid Ziar Amar Dahbi Kamal Kohil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rachid_Ziar", "summary": "Rachid Ziar ( born 15 November 1973 ) is a retired Algerian long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon . He finished 24th at the 1999 World Half Marathon Championships , 19th at the 2001 World Half Marathon Championships and 18th at the 2003 World Championships . He also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games , but did not finish the race . His personal best times were 1:01:30 hours in the half marathon , achieved in September 1999 in Uijeongbu ; and 2:09:54 hours in the marathon , achieved in April 2002 in the Paris Marathon ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kamal_Kohil", "summary": "Kamel Kohil ( born 25 December 1971 ) is an Algerian long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "3:14:10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belgium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgium", "summary": "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ." } ] }, { "value": "Koen Allaert Christian Nemeth Stéphane Rousseau", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:14:52", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Great Britain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Mark Steinle Nick Jones David Taylor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Steinle", "summary": "Mark Steinle ( born 22 November 1974 ) is a British long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "3:16:21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mexico", "summary": "Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes ." } ] }, { "value": "Alejandro Cuahtepizi Miguel Bravo Francisco Bautista", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Francisco_Bautista", "summary": "Francisco Bautista ( born September 17 , 1972 in Contla de Juan Cuamatzi , Tlaxcala ) is a male long-distance runner from Mexico . He represented his native country at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , PR China , where he finished in 66th place in the men 's marathon event , clocking 2:29.28 . Bautista set his personal best ( 2:11.44 ) in the marathon on March 7 , 2004 in Torreón ." } ] }, { "value": "3:18:57", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uganda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uganda", "summary": "Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Uganda ; Luganda : Eggwanga Yuganda ) is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa . It is bordered to the east by Kenya , to the north by South Sudan , to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo , to the south-west by Rwanda , and to the south by Tanzania . The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria , shared with Kenya and Tanzania . Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region . Uganda also lies within the Nile basin , and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate . Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom , which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country , including the capital Kampala . The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago , when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country . Beginning in 1894 , the area was ruled as a protectorate by the UK , who established administrative law across the territory . Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962 . The period since then has been marked by violent conflicts , including an 8-year-long far right military dictatorship led by Idi Amin . Additionally , a lengthy civil war against the Lord 's Resistance Army in the Northern Region led by Joseph Kony , has caused hundreds of thousands of casualties . The official languages are English and Swahili , although any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative , administrative or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law ." } ] }, { "value": "Jafred Lorone Francis Yiga Job Sikoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:19:01", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Egypt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Egypt", "summary": "Egypt ( /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ( listen ) EE-jipt ; Arabic : مِصر Miṣr , Egyptian Arabic : مَصر Maṣr , Coptic : Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip ( Palestine ) and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia , and across the Mediterranean lie Greece , Turkey and Cyprus , although none share a land border with Egypt . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 6th-4th millennia BCE . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest . Egypt 's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and often assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman Turkish , and Nubian . Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority . From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century , Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers : The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire . Modern Egypt dates back to 1922 , when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy . However , British military occupation of Egypt continued , and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism . Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation , nationalized the British-held Suez Canal , exiled King Farouk and his family , and declared itself a republic ." } ] }, { "value": "Ahmed Abd El-Mangoud Fouly Salem Ahmed Abdel Rasool Badry", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:19:41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Sebastian Bürklein Christian Fischer Oliver Mintzlaff", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oliver_Mintzlaff", "summary": "Oliver Mintzlaff ( born 19 August 1975 ) is a German football official , Red Bull GmbH Global Head of Soccer , and a former long-distance runner ." } ] }, { "value": "3:19:57", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Estonia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estonia", "summary": "Estonia ( Estonian : Eesti [ ˈeːsʲti ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Estonia ( Estonian : Eesti Vabariik ) , is a country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe . It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with Finland on the other side , to the west by the Baltic Sea with Sweden on the other side , to the south by Latvia ( 343 km ) , and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia ( 338.6 km ) . The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland and of 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea , covering a total area of 45,227 km2 ( 17,462 sq mi ) , water 2,839 km2 ( 1,096 sq mi ) , land area 42,388 km2 ( 16,366 sq mi ) , and is influenced by a humid continental climate . The official language of the country , Estonian , is the second-most-spoken Finnic language . The territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC . Ancient Estonians became some of the last European pagans to adopt Christianity - following the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century . After centuries of successive rule by Germans , Danes , Swedes , Poles and Russians , a distinct Estonian national identity began to emerge in the 19th and early 20th centuries . This culminated in independence from Russia in 1920 after a brief War of Independence at the end of World War I . Initially democratic prior to the Great Depression , Estonia experienced authoritarian rule from 1934 during the Era of Silence . During World War II ( 1939-1945 ) , Estonia was repeatedly contested and occupied by the Soviet Union and Germany , ultimately being incorporated into the former . After the loss of its de facto independence , Estonia 's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile . In 1987 the peaceful Singing Revolution began against Soviet rule , resulting in the restoration of de facto independence on 20 August 1991 ." } ] }, { "value": "Pavel Loskutov Toomas Tarm Margus Pirksaar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pavel_Loskutov", "summary": "Pavel Loskutov ( born 2 December 1969 in Valka , Latvia ) is a former Estonian long-distance runner who specialized in marathon races . He has competed in the Olympic marathon race four times consecutively , from the 1996 Atlanta Olympics to the 2008 Beijing Games ." } ] }, { "value": "3:20:25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belarus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belarus", "summary": "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ." } ] }, { "value": "Vladimir Tsyamchik Zarislav Gapeyenko Vladimir Tonchinskiy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3:21:48", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swaziland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eswatini", "summary": "Eswatini ( /ˌɛswɑːˈtiːni/ ESS-wah-TEE-nee ; Swazi : eSwatini [ ɛswáˈtʼiːni ] ) , officially the Kingdom of Eswatini ( Swazi : Umbuso weSwatini ) and also known as Swaziland ( /ˈswɑːzilænd/ SWAH-zee-land ; officially renamed in 2018 ) , is a landlocked country in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north , west , and south . At no more than 200 kilometres ( 120 mi ) north to south and 130 kilometres ( 81 mi ) east to west , Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa ; despite this , its climate and topography are diverse , ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld . The population is composed primarily of ethnic Swazis . The language is Swazi ( siSwati in native form ) . The Swazis established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III . The country and the Swazi take their names from Mswati II , the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified ; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881 in the midst of the Scramble for Africa . After the Second Boer War , the kingdom , under the name of Swaziland , was a British protectorate from 1903 until it regained its independence on 6 September 1968 . In April 2018 , the official name was changed from Kingdom of Swaziland to Kingdom of Eswatini , mirroring the name commonly used in Swazi . The government is an absolute monarchy , ruled by King Mswati III since 1986 . Elections are held every five years to determine the House of Assembly and the Senate majority . The current constitution was adopted in 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sipho Dlamini Isaiah Dlamini Lucky Bhembe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sipho_Dlamini", "summary": "Sipho Dlamini is a Swazi Olympic middle-distance runner . He represented his country in the men 's 1500 meters and the men 's 800 meters at the 1992 Summer Olympics . His times were a 1:48.70 and a 3:46.33 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lucky_Bhembe", "summary": "Lucky Willie Bhembe ( born 25 October 1973 ) is a Swazi athlete . He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "3:22:25", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Team results -- Men 's", "section_text": "", "uid": "1999_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships_2", "intro": "The 8th IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held on October 3, 1999, in the city of Palermo, Italy. A total of 192 athletes, 119 men and 73 women, from 48 countries, took part. The course was traced through the historical centre of the town with the start/finish line on the Foro Italico. A detailed report on the event and an appraisal of the results were given. Complete results were published." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_by_year_(Germany)", "title": "List of best-selling singles by year (Germany)", "header": [ "#", "Artist", "Artist 's nationality", "Title" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jennifer Lopez featuring Pitbull", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez", "summary": "Jennifer Lynn Lopez ( born July 24 , 1969 ) , also known by her nickname J.Lo , is an American actress , singer , dancer , fashion designer , producer , and businesswoman . In 1991 , Lopez began appearing as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color , where she remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . For her first leading role in the 1997 Selena biopic of the same name , Lopez received a Golden Globe nomination and became the first Latin actress to earn over US $ 1 million for a film . She went on to star in Anaconda ( 1997 ) and Out of Sight ( 1998 ) , later establishing herself as the highest-paid Latin actress in Hollywood . Lopez ventured into the music industry with her debut studio album On the 6 ( 1999 ) , which helped propel the Latin pop movement in American music . With the simultaneous release of her second studio album J.Lo and her romantic comedy The Wedding Planner in 2001 , Lopez became the first woman to have a number one album and film in the same week . Her 2002 remix album , J to tha L-O ! The Remixes , became the first in history to debut at number one on the U.S . Billboard 200 . Later that year , she released her third studio album This Is Me . Then , and starred in the US box office number-one Maid in Manhattan . After starring in Gigli ( 2003 ) , a critical and commercial failure , Lopez subsequently starred in the successful romantic comedies Shall We Dance ?" }, { "url": "/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)", "summary": "Armando Christian Pérez ( born January 15 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Pitbull , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer . Pérez began his career in the early 2000s , recording reggaeton , latin hip hop and crunk music under a multitude of labels . In 2004 , he released his debut album M.I.A.M.I . under TVT Records and the executive production of Lil Jon . Pitbull later released his second album El Mariel , in 2006 and his third , The Boatlift , in 2007 . His fourth album , Rebelution ( 2009 ) , included his breakthrough hit single I Know You Want Me ( Calle Ocho ) , which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart . After rebranding himself as a pop artist , Pitbull 's next English-language album , Planet Pit , featured his first US number one single Give Me Everything . His 2013 track from Global Warming : Meltdown , titled Timber , topped the charts in twenty nations , and hit # 1 in fifteen countries , including the US and UK . He performed the song We Are One ( Ole Ola ) along with Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte , which served as the official theme of the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Pitbull 's music has sold over 100 million records worldwide , as well as number # 1 singles in 15 different countries . Pitbull 's other ventures include brand ambassadorship and for various entities , activism and philanthropy in the Latino American community , and a radio station ( Pitbull 's Globalization ) on Sirius XM Radio . As of May 2019 , Pitbull has won 35 Billboard Latin Music Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "On the Floor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/On_the_Floor", "summary": "On the Floor is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her seventh studio album , Love ? ( 2011 ) . Featuring American rapper Pitbull , it was released by Island Records on February 8 , 2011 as the lead single from the album . On the Floor was written by Kinnda Kee Hamid , AJ Junior , Teddy Sky , Bilal The Chef Hajji , Pitbull , Gonzalo Hermosa , Ulises Hermosa , along with the song 's producer RedOne . It is an up-tempo electro-house and dance-pop song with a common time tempo of 130 beats per minute . On the Floor incorporates elements of electro house and draws further musical influences from eurodance , Latin music and techno music . Lopez recorded a Spanish-language version of the song titled Ven a Bailar ( English : Come to Dance ) , which includes additional lyrical contributions from Julio Reyes Copello and Jimena Romero . Its development was motivated by Lopez 's Latin heritage and pays homage to her career-beginnings as a dancer . Interpolated within the song are recurrent elements of the 1982 Bolivian composition Llorando se fue written by Gonzalo and Ulises Hermosa , a composition that gained notoriety when it was sampled by Kaoma in their 1989 single Lambada . Lopez described On the Floor as an evolution of her classic sound and as something which sounded very current . The debut and release of On the Floor coincided with Lopez 's appointment as a judge on the tenth season of US reality TV show American Idol , as well as several other product endorsement deals . American Idol also provided a platform to debut the single 's music video , as well as the stage for Lopez 's first live performance of the song ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alexandra Stan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alexandra_Stan", "summary": "Alexandra Ioana Stan ( born 10 June 1989 ) is a Romanian singer and songwriter . Born and raised in the city of Constanța , she made her worldwide breakthrough with the 2011 single Mr. Saxobeat , which was written and produced by Marcel Prodan and Andrei Nemirschi . They discovered Stan at a karaoke bar in 2009 and offered her a contract with their label Maan Records . Mr. Saxobeat followed the singer 's debut recording , Lollipop ( Param Pam Pam ) ( 2009 ) , which brought her fame in her native country . Mr. Saxobeat quickly achieved commercial success in Romania and abroad , reaching number one in several countries . Saxobeats , her debut studio album , was released in August 2011 and features the follow-up single Get Back ( ASAP ) ( 2011 ) , which together with Lemonade ( 2012 ) was a moderate hit in Europe . An alleged altercation with Prodan in 2013 delayed the release of Stan 's second album , Unlocked , which was eventually premiered in August 2014 . Two of its singles , Dance ( 2014 ) and Cherry Pop ( 2014 ) , were successful in Japan . Stan 's third studio album , Alesta , was released in March 2016 ; it led to a collaboration with Inna and Daddy Yankee on We Wan na ( 2015 ) , which reached the top 60 in several countries . Mami , her fourth record , followed in 2018 . Stan has received a number of awards and nominations , including the European Border Breakers Awards , Japan Gold Disc Awards , MTV Europe Music Awards and Romanian Music Awards . She is also referred to as one of the most successful Romanian artists alongside Inna ." } ] }, { "value": "Romania", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Romania", "summary": "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ." } ] }, { "value": "Mr. Saxobeat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mr._Saxobeat", "summary": "Mr. Saxobeat is a song by Romanian singer Alexandra Stan , released on 28 January 2011 by Ego Records as the second single from her debut studio album , Saxobeats ( 2011 ) . The track was written and produced by Marcel Prodan and Andrei Nemirschi , and was recorded at their Maan Studio . Musically , Mr. Saxobeat is a Eurodance and dance-pop song , with its instrumentation consisting of synths , techno beats , saxophone and horn . The lyrics echo the singer 's vision of a perfect man ; her vocal delivery has been likened to Barbadian singer Rihanna by a music critic . Reviewers were positive towards the recording , with them praising its catchiness , the saxophone sequences and Stan 's voice . Mr. Saxobeat received award nominations at the 2011 Romanian Music Awards and Los Premios 40 Principales 2011 , as well as at the 2012 Echo Music Prize . Commercially , it became the singer 's breakthrough single , reaching the top ten of the charts in more than 20 countries and being awarded various certifications . As of June 2013 , the track sold almost one million units worldwide in less than a year . For promotion , an accompanying music video was shot by Iulian Moga in Buftea , Romania . Uploaded on YouTube on 14 November 2010 , it depicts Stan and two friends being arrested , interviewed by the police , put in jail and then escaping from the station . The singer performed the track on multiple occasions , and it was covered by artists such as Selena Gomez & the Scene and Omega . Mr. Saxobeat was also featured on television series and on video games Dance Central 3 and Just Dance 4 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bruno Mars", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bruno_Mars", "summary": "Peter Gene Hernandez ( born October 8 , 1985 ) , known professionally as Bruno Mars , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , multi-instrumentalist , and dancer . He is known for his stage performances , retro showmanship , and for performing in a wide range of musical styles , including Pop , R & B , funk , soul , reggae , hip hop , and rock . Mars is accompanied by his band , The Hooligans , who play a variety of instruments , such as electric guitar , bass , piano , keyboards , drums , and horns , and also serve as backup singers and dancers . Born and raised in Honolulu , Hawaii , Mars moved to Los Angeles in 2003 to pursue a musical career . After being dropped by Motown Records , Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009 . In the same year , he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons , responsible for various successful singles for Mars himself and other artists . Mars rose to fame in 2010 with the release of the successful singles Nothin ' on You by B.o.B and Billionaire by Travie McCoy , both of which featured his vocals on the hooks . His debut studio album Doo-Wops & Hooligans ( 2010 ) spawned the international number-one singles Just the Way You Are , Grenade , and The Lazy Song . The former won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance . Mars ' second album , Unorthodox Jukebox ( 2012 ) , became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 and won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album . Its singles Locked Out of Heaven and When I Was Your Man , reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . In 2014 , Mars collaborated with Mark Ronson on Uptown Funk , which topped many music charts worldwide and won Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 2016 Grammy Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Grenade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grenade_(song)", "summary": "Grenade is a song by American singer and songwriter Bruno Mars from his debut studio album , Doo-Wops & Hooligans ( 2010 ) . A pop and R & B ballad , Grenade was written and produced by The Smeezingtons ( Mars , Phillip Lawrence , Ari Levine ) with additional songwriting by Brody Brown , Claude Kelly , and Andrew Wyatt . The song was developed from an unreleased track with similar lyrical themes played by record producer Benny Blanco to Mars . Grenade was completely rearranged and re - recorded two days before the album 's release . The song 's lyrics carry a message of unrequited love and how Mars ' heart was broken , despite his best efforts to show her his love . Initially released as a promotional single on September 28 , 2010 , it was later announced as the album 's second single , released by Atlantic and Elektra Records . Grenade was well received by critics , praising the vocals and emotional lyrics of the song and also considered it as one of the stand-out tracks on Doo-Wops & Hooligans . The single reached number one in fifteen different countries , giving Mars his third number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 , and topping the Canadian Hot 100 for three non-consecutive weeks . Grenade was certified eight times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and seven Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , as well as six times by Music Canada ( MC ) . Worldwide , it was the second best selling digital single of 2011 with 10.2 million copies . A music video for the single , directed by Nabil Elderkin , was released on November 19 , 2010 . In the video , Mars is seen dragging an upright piano through Los Angeles , by the time he arrives at the home of his beloved , he discovers she is with another man , so he decides to leave and ends up by killing himself ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Adele", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adele", "summary": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE ( /əˈdɛl/ ; born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006 , Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards Critics ' Choice Award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified eight times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , Hometown Glory , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . Adele released her second studio album , 21 , in 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year ; and three American Music Awards , including Favorite Pop/Rock Album . The album has been certified 17 times platinum in the UK , and is overall the fourth best-selling album in the nation . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Rolling in the Deep", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep", "summary": "Rolling in the Deep is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Adele for her second studio album , 21 . It is the lead single and opening track on the album . The song was written by Adele and Paul Epworth . The singer herself describes it as a dark blues-y gospel disco tune . The largest crossover hit in the United States from the past 25 years , Rolling in the Deep gained radio airplay from many different radio formats . It was first released on 29 November 2010 as the lead single from 21 in digital download format . The lyrics describe the emotions of a scorned lover . Rolling in the Deep was highly acclaimed by music critics and represented a commercial breakthrough for Adele , propelling her to international success . The song reached number one in 11 countries and the top five in many more regions . It was Adele 's first number-one song in the United States , reaching the top spot on many Billboard charts , including the Billboard Hot 100 where it was number one for seven weeks . By February 2012 , Rolling in the Deep had sold over 8.7 million copies in the United States , making it the best-selling digital song by a female artist in the US , the second-best-selling digital song in the US and Adele 's best-selling single outside her native country , topping her previous best-selling Chasing Pavements . Worldwide , it was the fifth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 8.2 million copies ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pietro Lombardi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pietro_Lombardi_(singer)", "summary": "Pietro Lombardi ( born 9 June 1992 , Karlsruhe , Baden-Württemberg , Germany ) is a German singer and the winner of season 8 of Deutschland sucht den Superstar . He is best known for his R & B songs and ballads ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Call My Name", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Call_My_Name_(Pietro_Lombardi_song)", "summary": "Call My Name is a song recorded by Pietro Lombardi from his first studio album Jackpot ( 2011 ) . The song is the debut single of the winner of the eighth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar ( DSDS ) . It was written and produced by DSDS jury member Dieter Bohlen . The song was released on May 7 , 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marlon Roudette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marlon_Roudette", "summary": "Marlon Rosegold Mcvey-Roudette ( born 5 January 1983 ) is a British-Vincentian recording artist , singer , rapper , songwriter and producer . He is the former front man for the duo Mattafix , who had their first number 1 , Big City Life , back in 2006 . After the group split , Roudette embarked on a solo career with two number one singles in Europe , New Age and When the Beat Drops Out ; the latter made it to number 7 on the UK chart and is certified platinum . In recent years he is also known for his co-writing work for artists including Sinead Harnett and Mabel McVey . He co-wrote Mabels hit singles Finders Keepers and Fine Line ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "New Age", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Age_(Marlon_Roudette_song)", "summary": "New Age is a song by British recording artist Marlon Roudette , released as the first single internationally from his debut studio album , Matter Fixed . The song was released as a single , initially in Germany , on 20 July 2011 . After high airplay on VIVA Germany , the single charted at number one on its first week of release in German singles chart and remained at number one for 8 consecutive weeks . It was the first single release from Roudette since his band Mattafix split , which is referenced by the album title . It has been certified Double Platinum in Germany for shipments exceeding 600,000 copies ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Snoop Dogg versus David Guetta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Snoop_Dogg", "summary": "Calvin Cordozar Broadus Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg , [ note 1 ] is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , producer , media personality , entrepreneur , and actor . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre and featured on Dre 's solo debut , Deep Cover , and then on Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic . He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , produced by Dr. Dre , was released in 1993 by Death Row Records . Bolstered by excitement driven by Snoop 's featuring on The Chronic , the album debuted at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified quadruple platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including What 's My Name ? and Gin & Juice . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was the Case , starring himself . His second album , Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts , with Snoop 's Upside Ya Head as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums , Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ." }, { "url": "/wiki/David_Guetta", "summary": "Pierre David Guetta ( French pronunciation : ​ [ pjɛʁ david ɡɛta ] ; /ˈɡɛtə/ ; born 7 November 1967 ) is a French DJ , music programmer , record producer and songwriter . He has sold over nine million albums and thirty million singles worldwide . In 2011 , Guetta was voted as the number one DJ in the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs poll . In 2013 , Billboard crowned When Love Takes Over as the number one dance-pop collaboration of all time . Born and raised in Paris , he released his first album , Just a Little More Love , in 2002 . Later , he released Guetta Blaster ( 2004 ) and Pop Life ( 2007 ) . Guetta achieved mainstream success with his 2009 album One Love which included the hit singles When Love Takes Over , Gettin ' Over You , Sexy Bitch and Memories , the first three of which reached number one in the United Kingdom . The 2011 follow-up album , Nothing but the Beat , continued this success , containing the hit singles Where Them Girls At , Little Bad Girl , Without You , Titanium and Turn Me On . He has been called the grandfather of EDM ." } ] }, { "value": "United States France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." }, { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Sweat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wet_(Snoop_Dogg_song)", "summary": "Wet is the official lead single from hip-hop artist Snoop Dogg 's eleventh studio album Doggumentary . The original version was produced by The Cataracs . Wet reached # 40 on the Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs , # 18 on the Hot Rap Songs and # 13 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles . A remix of the song entitled Sweat was released by French DJ David Guetta on March 4 , 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LMFAO", "summary": "LMFAO ( an initialism for Laughing My Fucking Ass Off ) is an American electronic dance music duo consisting of uncle Redfoo and nephew SkyBlu . They respectively are a son and grandson of Motown Records founder Berry Gordy . RedFoo and SkyBlu grew up in Pacific Palisades , Los Angeles , where they formed the group LMFAO in 2006 and later became part of the electro house scene . LMFAO started building a local buzz through its shows and radio play . In 2010 , they were featured on David Guetta 's song Gettin ' Over You , which charted all over Europe and the United States , including reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart . LMFAO are known for their song Party Rock Anthem , which topped the charts in the United Kingdom , Australia , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Denmark , France , Germany , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United States . Party Rock Anthem also reached the top five in Italy and Norway and was the third best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 9.7 million copies worldwide . In September 2012 , the duo announced they would be taking an indefinite hiatus ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lauren_Bennett", "summary": "Lauren Diane Bennett ( born 23 June 1989 ) is an English singer , dancer , and model . She is best known as a member of the girl group G.R.L . She is also known for her work with the Paradiso Girls , CeeLo Green , Robin Antin of the Pussycat Dolls , and most notably with LMFAO , where she was featured on the 2011 summer hit Party Rock Anthem , achieving her first number one single in the United Kingdom and United States ." }, { "url": "/wiki/GoonRock", "summary": "David Jamahl Listenbee , better known by his stage name GoonRock , is an American record producer , musician , singer , songwriter and rapper . Raised in Los Angeles , California , early in his career he focused on hip hop and sold beats to artists such as Dr. Dre , Ne-Yo , Kanye West , and Juvenile . He later began incorporating club music . GoonRock co-wrote and co-produced a number of songs on LMFAO 's 2011 album Sorry for Party Rocking , including hit singles Party Rock Anthem and Sexy and I Know It . In 2013 Goonrock co-wrote and produced A Little Party Never Killed Nobody ( All We Got ) for the international blockbuster film The Great Gatsby for Fergie featuring Q-Tip . In 2012 he co-wrote and produced two songs for Jennifer Lopez , including Clothes Off and Goin ' In . Goin ' In peaked at # 1 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs for 2012 . In 2015 and 2016 he released a number of singles under his last name Listenbee . These did not chart in the US or the UK , but had moderate success elsewhere in Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "United States United Kingdom United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Party Rock Anthem", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Party_Rock_Anthem", "summary": "Party Rock Anthem is a song by American music duo LMFAO , featuring British singer Lauren Bennett and American music producer GoonRock . It was released as the first single from their second album Sorry for Party Rocking in 2011 . The single went to number one in Australia , Belgium , Brazil , Canada , Denmark , France , Germany , Iceland , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States . It also reached the top five in Finland , Italy , Norway , Poland and Sweden . It is the best-selling single of all time in Australia . Worldwide , it was the third best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 9.7 million copies . It is the third best-selling digital song in US history . Party Rock Anthem is currently ranked Billboard 's sixth most successful song of all time . It is currently one of the 70 most viewed videos on YouTube , with over 1.7 billion views . Party Rock Anthem is a mostly electronic composition . After being featured in the 2012 film 21 Jump Street , the film won the MTV Movie Award for Best Music . The song also won the Favorite Song award at the 2012 Kids ' Choice Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pitbull featuring Ne-Yo , Afrojack and Nayer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)", "summary": "Armando Christian Pérez ( born January 15 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Pitbull , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer . Pérez began his career in the early 2000s , recording reggaeton , latin hip hop and crunk music under a multitude of labels . In 2004 , he released his debut album M.I.A.M.I . under TVT Records and the executive production of Lil Jon . Pitbull later released his second album El Mariel , in 2006 and his third , The Boatlift , in 2007 . His fourth album , Rebelution ( 2009 ) , included his breakthrough hit single I Know You Want Me ( Calle Ocho ) , which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart . After rebranding himself as a pop artist , Pitbull 's next English-language album , Planet Pit , featured his first US number one single Give Me Everything . His 2013 track from Global Warming : Meltdown , titled Timber , topped the charts in twenty nations , and hit # 1 in fifteen countries , including the US and UK . He performed the song We Are One ( Ole Ola ) along with Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte , which served as the official theme of the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Pitbull 's music has sold over 100 million records worldwide , as well as number # 1 singles in 15 different countries . Pitbull 's other ventures include brand ambassadorship and for various entities , activism and philanthropy in the Latino American community , and a radio station ( Pitbull 's Globalization ) on Sirius XM Radio . As of May 2019 , Pitbull has won 35 Billboard Latin Music Awards ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ne-Yo", "summary": "Shaffer Chimere Smith ( born October 18 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Ne-Yo , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actor and dancer . He gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit Let Me Love You for singer Mario . The single 's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam 's label head and the signing of a recording contract . Ne-Yo 's debut solo single , Stay , was released in 2005 to moderate success . His debut studio album , In My Own Words ( 2006 ) , was critically and commercially successful , reaching number one on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States . It is certified platinum in the United States , United Kingdom , Japan and Australia and saw the success of the single So Sick , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States . Because of You ( 2007 ) , Ne-Yo 's second studio album , was the second number one platinum-selling album debuted on the Billboard 200 and Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , and received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards . His third studio album , Year of the Gentleman ( 2008 ) , saw continued success and further Grammy Award nominations for Best Contemporary R & B Album as well as Album of the Year . Its singles Closer and Miss Independent were also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance , Best Male R & B Vocal Performance and Best R & B Song . Year of the Gentleman has been certified platinum twice in the US , selling two million copies , also platinum three times in the UK and once in Japan . Libra Scale ( 2010 ) , Ne-Yo 's fourth studio album , reached number one in the UK R & B Singles and Albums Charts and number nine on the US Billboard 200 , seeing a decline in overall sales . His fifth studio album , R.E.D ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Afrojack", "summary": "Nick van de Wall ( Dutch : [ ˈnɪk fɑn də ˈʋɑl ] ; born 9 September 1987 ) , professionally known as Afrojack , is a Dutch DJ , music programmer , record producer , and remixer from Spijkenisse . In 2007 , he founded the record label Wall Recordings ; his debut album Forget the World was released in 2014 . Afrojack regularly features as one of the ten best artists in the Top 100 DJs published by DJ Mag . He is also the CEO of LDH Europe ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nayer", "summary": "Nayer Regalado ( born August 2 , 1987 ) , known mononymously as Nayer , is a Cuban-American singer . She gained recognition in 2011 after being featured on Pitbull 's hit single Give Me Everything , produced by Afrojack , and releasing her single Suave ( Kiss Me ) featuring Pitbull and Swedish-Congolese singer-songwriter Mohombi which was a success in Europe and the Middle East . Her other known collaborations include songs with Enrique Iglesias , Fonseca , Yomil ( of the Cuban duo Yomil y el Dany ) , Jean-Roch and Melissa ." } ] }, { "value": "United States Netherlands United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Give Me Everything", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Give_Me_Everything_(Pitbull_song)", "summary": "Give Me Everything is a song written and performed by American rapper Pitbull , American R & B singer Ne-Yo , and Dutch DJ Afrojack , featuring additional vocals from American singer Nayer . Produced by Afrojack , it was released on March 18 , 2011 , as the second single from Pitbull 's sixth studio album , Planet Pit ( 2011 ) . Rolling Stone described the song as a club-pop cut with a plaintive Ne-Yo chorus . In the United States , Give Me Everything became Pitbull 's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also became his first number one in the United Kingdom as the main artist . The song has also peaked at number one in Belgium , Canada , Ireland , the Netherlands and within the top-five in twelve countries . It was the seventh best-selling digital single of 2011 with worldwide sales of 11.2 million copies , making it one of the best-selling singles of all time ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tim Bendzko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tim_Bendzko", "summary": "Tim Bendzko ( born 9 April 1985 ) is a German singer-songwriter . He achieved nationwide recognition with his song Nur noch kurz die Welt retten and becoming the winner on the Bundesvision Song Contest ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Nur noch kurz die Welt retten", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sunrise Avenue", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sunrise_Avenue", "summary": "Sunrise Avenue is a Finnish rock band originally formed in 2002 in Helsinki , Finland . In the early days , the band was called Sunrise and the name was changed to Sunrise Avenue in 2003 . Their style varies from rock and pop-rock to rock ballads . The band has sold more than 2,000,000 albums and 2,000,000 singles and played several tours and more than a thousand shows in twenty European countries and Japan . [ citation needed ] Sunrise Avenue 's best known songs are Hollywood Hills ( 2011 ) , Fairytale Gone Bad ( 2006 ) , Forever Yours ( 2007 ) , The Whole Story ( 2009 ) , Heal Me ( 2007 ) , Welcome To My Life ( 2009 ) , and Heartbreak Century ( 2017 ) . The band has released five studio albums , two live albums , three live DVDs , a best-of album and 21 singles . They are successful and known across continental Europe , especially their home country and Germany . On 2 December 2019 they announced their intention to disband in 2020 , with the release of one final single and tour for 2020 ." } ] }, { "value": "Finland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Finland", "summary": "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ." } ] }, { "value": "Hollywood Hills", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lucenzo featuring Don Omar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lucenzo", "summary": "Luís Filipe Oliveira ( born 27 May 1983 ) , better known by his stage name Lucenzo , is a Portuguese-French reggaeton recording artist and record producer . His parents emigrated to France , from Portugal . Lucenzo signed with the Universal Music record label . He is best known for his dance hit with rapper Big Ali , Vem dançar Kuduro . Puerto Rican reggaeton artist Don Omar released a Spanish/Portuguese version of the song under the title Danza Kuduro with Lucenzo ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Don_Omar", "summary": "William Omar Landrón Rivera ( February 10 , 1978 ) better known by his stage name Don Omar , is a Puerto Rican reggaeton singer and actor . He is sometimes referred to by his nicknames El Rey , and King of Kings of Reggaeton Music . On 1 September 2017 , he announced that he would retire after a series of concerts at the José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in Puerto Rico , scheduled to be held on 15 , 16 and 17 December . He returned to music on 20 April with his song Ramayama with Farruko ." } ] }, { "value": "Portugal United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Portugal", "summary": "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Danza Kuduro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Danza_Kuduro", "summary": "Vem Dançar Kuduro ( English : Come Dance Kuduro ) is a multilingual Portuguese/English dance hit single by Lucenzo , a France-based artist of Portuguese origin featuring also France-based American artist Big Ali . Lucenzo sings in Portuguese and Big Ali in English . Vem Dançar Kuduro ( meaning Come Dance Kuduro in English ) , with kuduro being an Angolan type of music , had a big success in France , with the single Vem Dançar Kuduro reaching number 2 in the SNEP French Top 100 charts ( based solely on actual sales of singles ) and number 1 on the French Club 40 charts ( based on actual plays in 80 discos in France ) . Vem Dançar Kuduro was also a hit in Denmark , Finland , Netherlands , Norway , Sweden and Switzerland . Many popular remix versions of the song have been made . Following the success of the song , Don Omar released with Lucenzo a Spanish-language single Danza Kuduro that samples on a large part on Vem Dançar Kuduro , but is a distinct song . At times , both versions have appeared separately on the same chart in certain European countries . These include Belgium , Canada , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Norway , Sweden and Switzerland where both songs were hits ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rihanna featuring Calvin Harris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rihanna", "summary": "Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( /riˈænə/ ree-AN-ə ; [ n 1 ] born February 20 , 1988 ) is a Barbadian singer , songwriter , actress , and businesswoman , who has been recognized for embracing various musical styles and reinventing her image throughout her career . Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown , Barbados , Rihanna moved to the US in 2005 , when she signed with Def Jam Recordings . She earned significant recognition following the release of her first two studio albums , Music of the Sun ( 2005 ) and A Girl like Me ( 2006 ) , both of which were influenced by Caribbean music and peaked within the top ten of the US Billboard 200 chart . Rihanna 's third studio album , Good Girl Gone Bad ( 2007 ) , incorporated more elements of dance-pop and catapulted her to greater stardom , establishing her status as a sex symbol and a leading figure in the music industry . Its international chart-topping single Umbrella earned Rihanna her first Grammy Award , winning Best Rap/Sung Collaboration . Rihanna extended her fusion of pop , dance , and R & B on her next four studio albums , Rated R ( 2009 ) , Loud ( 2010 ) , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) , and the Grammy Award-winning Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . All four releases incorporated experimentation of various musical styles and consolidated Rihanna 's international chart success , Unapologetic being her first number-one album in the US . The records spawned a string of chart-topping singles , including Rude Boy , Only Girl ( In the World ) , What 's My Name ? , S & M , We Found Love , Diamonds , and Stay . Her eighth studio album , Anti ( 2016 ) , showcased her control over artistic creativity after her departure from Def Jam . It became her second US number-one album and featured the chart-topping single Work . Besides solo materials , Rihanna has collaborated with recording artists such as Drake , Eminem , and Calvin Harris . Having sold over 250 million records , Rihanna is one of the world 's best-selling music artists ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Calvin_Harris", "summary": "Adam Richard Wiles ( born 17 January 1984 ) , known professionally as Calvin Harris , is a Scottish DJ , record producer , singer , and songwriter . He is known for his singles We Found Love , This Is What You Came For , Summer , Feel So Close , Feels , and One Kiss . His collaboration with Rihanna , We Found Love , became an international success , giving Harris his first number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . He has released five studio albums and runs his own record label , Fly Eye Records , which he founded in 2010 . His debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . Its singles Acceptable in the 80s and The Girls both reached the top 10 in the UK . In 2009 , he released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and whose lead single , I 'm Not Alone , became his first song to top the UK Singles Chart . In 2012 , Harris rose to international prominence with the release of his third studio album , 18 Months , which topped the UK Albums charts and became his first album to chart on the US Billboard 200 , peaking at number 19 . All eight of the album 's singles reached the top 10 in the UK , breaking the record for the most top 10 songs from one studio album on the UK Singles Chart with eight entries , surpassing Michael Jackson 's record . In 2014 , he released his fourth studio album , Motion , which debuted at number two in the UK and number five in the US . In 2017 , he released his fifth studio album , Funk Wav Bounces Vol . 1 , which reached the top 2 in the UK and the US and became his third consecutive number one album on the US Dance/Electronic Albums chart ." } ] }, { "value": "Barbados United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barbados", "summary": "Barbados ( /bɑːrˈbeɪdɒs/ ( listen ) or /-doʊs/ ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies , in the Caribbean region of North America . It is 34 kilometres ( 21 miles ) in length and up to 23 km ( 14 mi ) in width , covering an area of 432 km2 ( 167 sq mi ) . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 km ( 62 mi ) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea ; therein , Barbados is east of the Windwards , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 13°N of the equator . It is about 168 km ( 104 mi ) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km ( 110 mi ) south-east of Martinique and 400 km ( 250 mi ) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago . Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt . Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown . Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century , and prior to that by other Amerindians , Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown . It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511 . The Portuguese Empire claimed the island between 1532 and 1536 , but later abandoned it in 1620 ; with their only remnants being an introduction of wild boars for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited , and to replenish their water supply . An English ship , the Olive Blossom , arrived in Barbados on 14 May 1625 ; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I . In 1627 , the first permanent settlers arrived from England , and it became an English and later British colony . As a wealthy sugar colony , it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807 , with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "We Found Love", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/We_Found_Love", "summary": "We Found Love is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her sixth studio album , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) . It was written and produced by , and performed by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris ; the song was also featured on his third album 18 Months ( 2012 ) . We Found Love premiered on September 22 , 2011 , on the Capital FM radio station in the United Kingdom , and was made available to download on the same day as the lead single from Talk That Talk . We Found Love is an uptempo electro house song , with elements of dance-pop , techno and Europop . The song 's lyrics speak of a couple who found love in a hopeless place . The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for ten non-consecutive weeks , becoming the longest running number-one single of 2011 . The single also surpassed Umbrella and became Rihanna 's longest running number one single . It was the singer 's eleventh song to top the Hot 100 , placing her in third place among female recording artists amassing the most number one singles . We Found Love topped the charts in twenty-five other countries including Canada , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . According to Billboard it is the 24th most successful single of all time in the US . As of 2018 , the single has sold 20.5 million copies worldwide , thus being one of the best selling singles of all time . The song 's accompanying music video , directed by Melina Matsoukas , depicts the singer as a drug-abusing thrill-seeker in a relationship that quickly spirals downward into addiction and violence ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Caro Emerald", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Caro_Emerald", "summary": "Caroline Esmeralda van der Leeuw ( born 26 April 1981 ) , better known by her stage name Caro Emerald , is a Dutch pop and jazz singer . Active since 2007 , she rose to prominence in 2009 with Back It Up . Follow-up single A Night Like This topped charts in the Netherlands . Emerald is often praised for her outstanding live performances . She predominantly performs in English . Her debut album Deleted Scenes from the Cutting Room Floor was conceived , written and produced as a studio project by Dutch songwriter/producer/creative director David Schreurs , Canadian songwriter Vincent Degiorgio and Dutch producer Jan van Wieringen , with Caro Emerald as the starring artist . In August 2010 , the album spent its 30th week at number one in the Dutch album charts , setting an all-time record and beating Michael Jackson 's Thriller by one week . The album became the biggest selling album of 2010 in the Netherlands with over 350,000 copies to date . Worldwide , approximately 2 million copies have been sold to date . On 3 October 2010 , Emerald was awarded the Dutch music prize Edison Award for Best Female Artist . In 2013 , a second studio album titled The Shocking Miss Emerald was released . The album entered at number one in the Dutch and United Kingdom album charts and sold over 600.000 copies ." } ] }, { "value": "Netherlands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ." } ] }, { "value": "A Night Like This", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Night_like_This_(song)", "summary": "A Night like This is the second single by Caro Emerald , taken from the album Deleted Scenes from the Cutting Room Floor . It was released on 11 December 2009 in the Netherlands after it was first presented in an online Martini commercial on 16 October . Being released in 2010 in Europe , including the UK where it peaked at Number 65 in the UK Singles Chart . It was added to the ' A ' list on BBC Radio One ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maroon 5 featuring Christina Aguilera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maroon_5", "summary": "Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles , California . It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine , keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael , bassist Mickey Madden , lead guitarist James Valentine , drummer Matt Flynn , keyboardist PJ Morton , and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar . Original members Levine , Carmichael , Madden , and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara 's Flowers in 1994 , while they were still in high school . After self-releasing their independent album We Like Digging ? , the band signed to Reprise Records and released the album The Fourth World in 1997 . The album garnered a tepid response , after which the record label dropped the band and the members focused on college . In 2001 , the band re-emerged as Maroon 5 , pursuing a different direction and adding guitarist Valentine . The band signed with Octone Records , an independent record label with a separate joint venture relationship with J Records and released their debut album Songs About Jane in June 2002 . Aided by its lead single , Harder to Breathe , which received heavy airplay , the album peaked at number six on the Billboard 200 chart , and went platinum in 2004 . The band won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2005 . In 2006 , Dusick left the band after suffering from serious wrist and shoulder injuries and was replaced by Matt Flynn . The band 's second album It Wo n't Be Soon Before Long , was released in May 2007 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and the lead single Makes Me Wonder , became the band 's first number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Christina_Aguilera", "summary": "Christina María Aguilera ( /ˌæɡɪˈlɛərə/ , Spanish : [ aɣiˈleɾa ] ; born December 18 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress and television personality . Her accolades include five Grammy Awards , one Latin Grammy Award , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Aguilera ranked at number 58 on Rolling Stone 's list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2008 , and was included on Time 's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 . With estimated sales of 75 million records , she is one of the world 's best-selling music artists . Born in Staten Island of New York City and raised in Pennsylvania , Aguilera appeared on television shows in her early years , before gaining a recording contract with RCA Records in 1998 . Her self-titled debut album , released in 1999 , reached number one in the US and spawned three US number-one singles : Genie in a Bottle , What a Girl Wants , and Come On Over Baby ( All I Want Is You ) . While recognized as a prominent figure in the contemporary teen pop scene , Aguilera sought to assume artistic control with Stripped ( 2002 ) and its lead single Dirrty , which displayed her sexually emancipated persona and generated considerable controversy . The second single from the album , Beautiful , received favorable response for its empowering lyrics and became an anthem for the LGBT community . Aguilera scored her second US number-one album with Back to Basics ( 2006 ) , which drew inspiration from early 20th-century jazz , soul , and blues , and spawned the top-ten singles Ai n't No Other Man , Hurt , and Candyman . Her next three albums , Bionic ( 2010 ) , Lotus ( 2012 ) , and Liberation ( 2018 ) , all experimented with various musical styles and reached the top ten in the US . Besides solo materials , Aguilera earned chart-topping entries with collaborations including Lady Marmalade , Moves like Jagger , Feel This Moment , and Say Something . Alongside her music career , Aguilera starred in the film Burlesque ( 2010 ) and was a coach on six seasons of the singing competition television series The Voice from 2011 to 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Moves like Jagger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Moves_like_Jagger", "summary": "Moves like Jagger is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring singer Christina Aguilera . It was released by A & M Octone Records on June 21 , 2011 , as the fourth and final single from the re-release of the group 's third studio album Hands All Over ( 2010 ) . The song was written by Adam Levine , Ammar Malik , Benjamin Levin , and Shellback ; the latter two are also the producers . Moves like Jagger is a disco and electropop song and is backed by synths and electronic drums . The lyrics refer to a male bragging about his ability to sexually arouse his love interest , which he compares to those of Mick Jagger , lead singer of The Rolling Stones . Moves like Jagger was well received by music critics , who praised the song 's chorus . Praise also went to the vocals of Levine and Aguilera , with critics pointing out solid chemistry between the two . Likewise , the song was a commercial success , going on to top the charts in over 18 countries . In the United States , Moves like Jagger became the band 's second ( after 2007 's Makes Me Wonder ) and Aguilera 's fifth number-one single and is among the best-selling singles of all time . The song also made Aguilera the second female artist to score a number-one hit in the 1990s , 2000s , and 2010s ( the first being Britney Spears ) , which in turn made her the fifth female to score number-one singles in three different decades , after Janet Jackson , Madonna , Spears and Cher . Worldwide , it was the ninth-best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 7 million copies . As of 2016 , the song ranks as one of the eight best-selling digital singles of all time with sales of over 15 million copies ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Adele", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adele", "summary": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE ( /əˈdɛl/ ; born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006 , Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards Critics ' Choice Award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified eight times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , Hometown Glory , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . Adele released her second studio album , 21 , in 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year ; and three American Music Awards , including Favorite Pop/Rock Album . The album has been certified 17 times platinum in the UK , and is overall the fourth best-selling album in the nation . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Set Fire to the Rain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Set_Fire_to_the_Rain", "summary": "Set Fire to the Rain is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele from her second studio album 21 . The song was Adele 's third consecutive US number-one single from 21 , and reached the top ten in a number of other markets . The song was voted by readers of Billboard as their favorite number one hit of 2012 . The song 's live rendition from the DVD Live at the Royal Albert Hall won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lady Gaga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lady_Gaga", "summary": "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( /ˈstɛfəni ˌdʒɜːrməˈnɒtə/ STEF-ən-ee JUR-mə-NOT-ə ) ( born March 28 , 1986 ) , known professionally as Lady Gaga , is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . She is known for reinventing herself throughout her career and for her versatility in numerous areas of the entertainment industry . Gaga began performing as a teenager , singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays . She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21 , through New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts , before dropping out to pursue a music career . When Def Jam Recordings canceled her contract , she worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing , where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007 . She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album , the electropop record The Fame , and its chart-topping singles Just Dance and Poker Face . The follow-up EP The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) , along with the singles Bad Romance , Telephone and Alejandro , were also successful . Gaga 's second full-length album , Born This Way ( 2011 ) , explored electronic rock and techno-pop and debuted atop the US Billboard 200 with more than one million copies sold . Its title track became the fastest-selling song on the iTunes Store with over a million downloads in less than a week . Gaga experimented with EDM on her third studio album , Artpop ( 2013 ) , which included the single Applause . Her collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett , Cheek to Cheek ( 2014 ) , and her soft rock-influenced fifth studio album , Joanne ( 2016 ) , continued to top the US charts . During this period , Gaga ventured into acting , playing leading roles in the miniseries American Horror Story : Hotel ( 2015-2016 ) , for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , and the critically acclaimed musical drama film A Star Is Born ( 2018 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Born This Way", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Born_This_Way_(song)", "summary": "Born This Way is a song by American singer Lady Gaga , and the lead single from her second studio album of the same name . Written by Gaga and Jeppe Laursen , who produced it along with Fernando Garibay and DJ White Shadow , the track was developed while Gaga was on the road with The Monster Ball Tour . Inspired by 1990s music which empowered women and the gay community , Gaga explained that Born This Way was her freedom song . She sang part of the chorus at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards in 2010 and announced the song as the lead single from the album , released on February 11 , 2011 . Born This Way is backed by rumbling synth sounds , a humming bass and additional chorus percussion , with sole organ toward the end . The lyrics discuss the self-empowerment of minorities including the LGBT community as well as racial minorities , referring to cholas and orients . Critics positively reviewed the song , calling it a club-ready anthem , though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna 's 1989 single Express Yourself . The song reached number one in over 25 countries and was her third single to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the 1,000th song in that chart 's history ( since 1958 ) to reach number one . Born This Way has sold 8.2 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Nick Knight directed the accompanying music video , which was inspired by surrealist painters like Salvador Dalí and Francis Bacon . Gaga is depicted as giving birth to a new race during a prologue . After a series of dance sequences , the video concludes with the view of a city populated by this race ." } ] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taio Cruz featuring Kylie Minogue", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taio_Cruz", "summary": "Jacob Taio Cruz ( born Adetayo Ayowale Onile-Ere ; April 23 , 1985 ) , known professionally as Taio Cruz /taɪ.oʊˈkruːz/ , is an English singer , songwriter , rapper and record producer . In 2008 , he released his debut album Departure , which he wrote , arranged and produced . The album achieved certified gold status in the United Kingdom and earned him a Music of Black Origin Awards ( MOBO ) nomination . In October 2009 , Cruz released his follow-up album Rokstarr , which includes the number one singles Break Your Heart and Dynamite . Cruz collaborated with Kesha on the single Dirty Picture , and with Kylie Minogue and Travie McCoy on his single Higher . Cruz wrote and recorded the song Telling the World as the lead single from the soundtrack to the 2011 animated film Rio . Cruz 's third studio album , TY.O , was first released in Germany in December 2011 . In 2012 , Cruz co-wrote David Guetta and Usher 's song Without You . In April 2015 , Cruz released the first single , Do What You Like from his forthcoming Roses Collection . In late 2015 , Taio added vocals to Tujamo 's Melbourne track , Booty Bounce which was released by Spinnin ' Records ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kylie_Minogue", "summary": "Kylie Ann Minogue , AO , OBE ( /mɪˈnoʊɡ/ ; born 28 May 1968 ) , often known simply as Kylie , is an Australian singer , songwriter and actress . Throughout her career , Minogue has been known for reinventing herself in fashion and music . She is described as a style icon and has been recognised with several honorific nicknames , most notably the Princess of Pop . Minogue is also recognised as the highest-selling female Australian artist of all time . Born and raised in Melbourne , she has worked and lived in the United Kingdom since the 1990s . Minogue achieved recognition starring in the Australian soap opera Neighbours , where she played tomboy mechanic Charlene Robinson . She came to prominence as a recording artist in the late 1980s and released four bubblegum and dance-pop-influenced studio albums produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and released by PWL . By the time she released her fourth album in the early 1990s , she had amassed several top ten singles in the UK and Australia , including I Should Be So Lucky , The Loco-Motion , Hand on Your Heart , Better the Devil You Know and Step Back in Time . Minogue , however , felt alienated and dissatisfied with the little creative control she had over her music . In 1992 , she left PWL and signed with Deconstruction Records , where she released Kylie Minogue ( 1994 ) and Impossible Princess ( 1997 ) , both of which received positive reviews from critics , with the latter being often described as her most personal and best work . Returning to more mainstream dance-oriented music , Minogue signed to Parlophone and released her disco-influenced seventh studio album Light Years ( 2000 ) , which was preceded by lead single Spinning Around . The follow-up , Fever ( 2001 ) became her best-selling album to date and was a breakthrough for Minogue in markets where she had little recognition previously ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Higher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Higher_(Taio_Cruz_song)", "summary": "Higher is the fifth single from English singer-songwriter Taio Cruz 's second studio album , Rokstarr . It was written and produced by Cruz and Sandy Vee , and was released on 26 November 2010 . This song was originally written for Australian singer Kylie Minogue 's album Aphrodite , but plans fell through . However , Cruz and Minogue recorded a version of the song for the European release , while American rapper Travie McCoy recorded guest raps for the American release . The Brazilian and United Kingdom versions have parts of McCoy 's rap mixed into the Minogue version . The version on Cruz 's albums feature a solo vocal by Cruz with no guest vocalist and an edited version of the solo version was added to Radio Disney 's playlist ." } ] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lana Del Rey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey", "summary": "Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , known professionally as Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter and record producer . Her music is noted for its stylized cinematic quality ; its themes of tragic romance , glamour , and melancholia ; and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born in New York City and raised in Upstate New York , Del Rey began her music career in July 2006 . Following numerous projects including her debut studio album and the unreleased Sirens , Del Rey 's breakthrough came after the viral success of her debut single Video Games in 2011 . She signed with Interscope and Polydor later that year . Her major label debut Born to Die ( 2012 ) proved an international success and spawned a top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100 with the Cedric Gervais remix of Summertime Sadness , as well as the internationally successful singles Blue Jeans , Born to Die , and National Anthem . Del Rey then released the Grammy-nominated EP , Paradise in 2012 . The next year , Del Rey ventured into film as she wrote and starred in the short music film , Tropico , and released Young and Beautiful as the lead single for the romantic drama film The Great Gatsby ( 2013 ) . Del Rey subsequently issued her sophomore major label effort , Ultraviolence ( 2014 ) , to critical success , topping the charts and spawning the single , West Coast . That same year , Del Rey recorded the eponymous theme for the drama film Big Eyes , which garnered her Grammy and Golden Globe nominations . She released the album Honeymoon in 2015 and Lust for Life in 2017 , the latter of which topped the charts in the U.S. and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album . Del Rey 's sixth studio album , Norman Fucking Rockwell !" } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Video Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Video_Games_(song)", "summary": "Video Games is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for her second studio album and major label debut , Born to Die ( 2012 ) . It was first released to the Internet on June 29 , 2011 , was later released on her extended play , Lana Del Rey , and re-released as the lead single from her second studio album , Born to Die on October 7 , 2011 , through Interscope Records . The song was produced by Robopop while the lyrics were written by Del Rey and Justin Parker . Video Games is a baroque pop ballad that speaks of the protagonist who , despite being ignored by her significant other , resolves to love him regardless . Video Games has received several accolades from critics since its release . The song has been considered Del Rey 's breakthrough hit and was a commercial success , peaking at number one in Germany , Iceland and Luxembourg , reaching a top ten position in Belgium , France , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom and peaked at 91 on Billboard Hot 100 chart and was certified Gold . The song 's accompanying music video was directed and edited by Del Rey herself , combining scenes of her performing the song filmed on a webcam with clips of archive footage . The song won an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song in 2012 and was nominated for several other awards shortly after release . In the Q Awards 2019 , the song has been named as the song of the decade . Video Games was also included in the book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die ." } ] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jupiter Jones [ de ]", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Still", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "2011", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_best-selling_singles_by_year_(Germany)_11", "intro": "This is a list of the twenty best-selling singles on the Media Control Charts in Germany from 2000 to 2018. The data was found out by Media Control and is based on the singles sold." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Nations_Cup", "title": "1997 Nations Cup", "header": [ "Rank", "Name", "Nation", "TFP", "SP", "FS" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Elvis Stojko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Elvis_Stojko", "summary": "Elvis Stojko , MSC MSM ( born March 22 , 1972 ) is a Canadian figure skater . He was a three-time World champion ( 1994 , 1995 , 1997 ) , two-time Olympic silver medallist ( 1994 , 1998 ) , and seven-time Canadian champion ( 1994 , 1996-2000 , and 2002 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Canada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canada", "summary": "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "1.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Igor Pashkevich", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Igor_Pashkevich", "summary": "Igor Anatolyevich Pashkevich ( Russian : Игорь Анатольевич Пашкевич ; 1 July 1971 - 26 March 2016 ) was a figure skating coach and competitor . He was the 1990 World Junior champion for the Soviet Union and the 1996 European silver medalist for Russia . He competed at the 1994 Lillehammer Olympics for Russia and the 1998 Nagano Olympics for Azerbaijan ." } ] }, { "value": "Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Azerbaijan", "summary": "Azerbaijan ( UK : /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , -ˈʒɑːn/ ( listen ) , US : /ˌɑːzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , ˌæz-/ ; Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ] ) , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ( Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan Respublikası [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ɾespublikɑˈsɯ ] ) , is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Central Asia . It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , and has an 11 km ( 6.8 mi ) long border with Turkey in the northwest . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state . In 1920 the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations , including the United Nations ( since 1992 ) , the Council of Europe , the Non-Aligned Movement , the OSCE , and the NATO Partnership for Peace ( PfP ) program ." } ] }, { "value": "4.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alexander Abt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Abt", "summary": "Alexander Sasha Viktorovich Abt ( Russian : Александр Саша Викторович Абт ; born October 22 , 1976 ) is a Russian figure skater and coach . He is a two-time European medalist and placed fifth at the 2002 Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." } ] }, { "value": "5.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Philippe Candeloro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Philippe_Candeloro", "summary": "Philippe Candeloro ( born 17 February 1972 ) is a French former competitive figure skater . He is a two-time Olympic bronze medalist ( 1994 , 1998 ) , a two-time World medalist ( 1994 silver , 1995 bronze ) , a two-time European silver medalist ( 1993 , 1997 ) , and a four-time French national champion ( 1994-97 ) . He has been a commentator for French television during figure skating events at the Olympics . He also voices a villain , Frozer , in Miraculous : Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir ." } ] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "7.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Weiss", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Weiss_(figure_skater)", "summary": "Michael Weiss ( born August 2 , 1976 ) is an American former competitive and currently professional figure skater . He is in the U.S . Figure Skating Hall of Fame and is a three-time national champion ( 1999 , 2000 , 2003 ) a two-time World bronze medalist ( 1999 , 2000 ) , and a two-time Olympic team member ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "7.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dmitri Dmitrenko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dmitri_Dmitrenko", "summary": "Dmytro Dmytrenko ( Ukrainian : Дмитро Дмитренко , also Dmitri Dmitrenko from Russian : Дмитрий Дмитренко ; born 25 July 1973 ) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater . While representing the Soviet Union , he won the 1992 World Junior title . For Ukraine , he won the 1993 European title and 2000 European bronze medal . He competed at the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics . Dmytrenko formerly coached Oleksii Bychenko . He is an International Technical Specialist ." } ] }, { "value": "Ukraine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ukraine", "summary": "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "7.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andrejs Vlascenko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrejs_Vlascenko", "summary": "Andrejs Vlaščenko ( Russian : Андрей Влащенко ; born 15 June 1974 ) is a figure skater who represented Latvia ( 1992-94 ) and Germany ( 1994-04 ) . Competing for Germany , he won two Grand Prix medals - bronze at both the 2001 Trophee Lalique and at the 1998 Sparkassen Cup on Ice - and became a four-time German national champion . In 1998 , he placed fourth at the European Championships in Milan and fifth at the World Championships in Minneapolis ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "11.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Szabolcs Vidrai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Szabolcs_Vidrai", "summary": "Szabolcs Vidrai ( born 26 March 1977 ) is a Hungarian former competitive figure skater . His highest placement at the European Championships was 10th , in 1996 , and his highest placement at the World Championships was 10th , in 1998 . He placed 13th at the 1998 Olympics . After retiring from competition , Vidrai began working as a coach . His former and current students include Viktória Pavuk , Fanni Forgo , and Kristof Forgo ( Hungarian junior national champions ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Hungary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hungary", "summary": "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ." } ] }, { "value": "12.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Steven Cousins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steven_Cousins", "summary": "Steven Cousins ( born 24 May 1972 ) is a British former competitive men 's singles figure skater . He is the 1993 Skate Canada International bronze medalist and an eight-time British national champion . He finished as high as 6th at the Olympics ( 1998 ) , 7th at the World Championships ( 1998 ) , and 4th at the European Championships ( 1996 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "13.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Hopfes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Hopfes", "summary": "Michael Hopfes ( born 11 February 1976 ) , is a German former competitive figure skater who competed in men 's singles . He competed at five Champions Series/Grand Prix events and placed 21st at the 1997 World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "14.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sven Meyer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sven_Meyer_(figure_skater)", "summary": "Sven Meyer ( born 15 July 1977 - 6 May 1999 ) was a German figure skater . He was the 1998 Karl Schäfer Memorial bronze medalist and 1998 German national champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "16.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Results -- Men", "section_text": "", "uid": "1997_Nations_Cup_0", "intro": "The 1997 Nations Cup was the second event of six in the 1997-98\nISU Champions Series, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held in Gelsenkirchen on October 30 - November 2. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1997-98 Champions Series Final." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Russia", "title": "List of diplomatic missions in Russia", "header": [ "Delegation", "City", "Type", "Date established", "Website" ], "data": [ { "value": "Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Azerbaijan", "summary": "Azerbaijan ( UK : /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , -ˈʒɑːn/ ( listen ) , US : /ˌɑːzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , ˌæz-/ ; Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ] ) , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ( Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan Respublikası [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ɾespublikɑˈsɯ ] ) , is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Central Asia . It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , and has an 11 km ( 6.8 mi ) long border with Turkey in the northwest . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state . In 1920 the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations , including the United Nations ( since 1992 ) , the Council of Europe , the Non-Aligned Movement , the OSCE , and the NATO Partnership for Peace ( PfP ) program ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belarus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belarus", "summary": "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Branch", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "China", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/China", "summary": "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cyprus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cyprus", "summary": "Cyprus ( /ˈsaɪprəs/ ( listen ) ; Greek : Κύπρος [ ˈcipros ] ; Turkish : Kıbrıs [ ˈkɯbɾɯs ] ) , officially the Republic of Cyprus ( Greek : Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , lit . Cypriot Republic ; Turkish : Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , lit . Republic of Cyprus ) , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean , located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , north of Israel , the Gaza Strip ( Palestinian region ) and Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 ( de jure until 1914 ) . Cyprus was placed under the UK 's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an extension of Anatolia by them ; while , since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Czech Republic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Czech_Republic", "summary": "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hungary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hungary", "summary": "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kyrgyzstan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kyrgyzstan", "summary": "Kyrgyzstan ( /ˌkɜːrɡɪˈstɑːn/ KUR-gih-STAHN ; Kyrgyz : Кыргызстан Kırğızstan Kyrgyz pronunciation : [ qɯrʁɯsˈstɑn ] ) , officially the Kyrgyz Republic ( Kyrgyz : Кыргыз Республикасы , romanized : Kırğız Respublikası ; Russian : Кыргызская Республика , tr . Kyrgyzskaya Respublika ) , and also known as Kirghizia ( Russian : Киргизия [ kʲɪrˈɡʲizʲɪjə ] ) , is a country in Central Asia . Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country with mountainous terrain . It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north , Uzbekistan to the west and southwest , Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east . Its capital and largest city is Bishkek . Kyrgyzstan 's recorded history spans over 2,000 years , encompassing a variety of cultures and empires . Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain , which has helped preserve its ancient culture , Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial and cultural routes . Though long inhabited by a succession of independent tribes and clans , Kyrgyzstan has periodically fallen under foreign domination and attained sovereignty as a nation-state only after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Since independence , the sovereign state has officially been a unitary parliamentary republic , although it continues to endure ethnic conflicts , revolts , economic troubles , transitional governments and political conflict . Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States , the Eurasian Economic Union , the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Turkic Council , the Türksoy community and the United Nations . Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country 's six million people , followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians . Kyrgyz is closely related to other Turkic languages , although Russian remains widely spoken and is an official language , a legacy of a century of Russification ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tajikistan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tajikistan", "summary": "Tajikistan ( /tɑːˈdʒiːkɪstɑːn/ ( listen ) , /tə- , tæ-/ ; Tajik : Тоҷикистон [ tɔdʒikisˈtɔn ] ) , officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( Tajik : Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон , Jumhurii Tojikiston ) is a mountainous , landlocked country in Central Asia with an area of 143,100 km2 ( 55,300 sq mi ) and an estimated population of 9,275,828 people . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south , Uzbekistan to the west , Kyrgyzstan to the north , and China to the east . The traditional homelands of the Tajik people include present-day Tajikistan as well as parts of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan . The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including the Oxus civilisation , Andronovo culture , Buddhism , Nestorian Christianity , Zoroastrianism , Manichaeism and Islam . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Achaemenid Empire , Sasanian Empire , Hephthalite Empire , Samanid Empire , Mongol Empire , Timurid dynasty , the Khanate of Bukhara , the Russian Empire , and subsequently the Soviet Union . Within the Soviet Union , the country 's modern borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929 . On 9 September 1991 , Tajikistan became an independent sovereign nation when the Soviet Union disintegrated . A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence , lasting from 1992 to 1997 . Since the end of the war , newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country 's economy to grow . Like all other Central Asian neighbouring states , the country , led by President Emomali Rahmon since 1994 , has been criticised by a number of non-governmental organizations for authoritarian leadership , lack of religious freedom , corruption and widespread violations of human rights . Tajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces . Most of Tajikistan 's population belongs to the Tajik ethnic group , who speak Tajik ( a dialect of Persian ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ukraine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ukraine", "summary": "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vietnam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vietnam", "summary": "Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Việt Nam pronounced [ vîət nāːm ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam ) , is the easternmost country on the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula . With an estimated 95.5 million inhabitants as of 2018 [ update ] , it is the 15th most populous country in the world . Vietnam shares its land borders with China to the north , and Laos and Cambodia to the west . It shares its maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand , and the Philippines , Indonesia and Malaysia through the South China Sea . [ n 5 ] Its capital city is Hanoi , while its most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City , also known by its former name of Saigon . Archaeological excavations indicate that Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age . The ancient Vietnamese nation was annexed by China in the 2nd century BC , which subsequently made Vietnam a division of China for over a millennium . The first independent monarchy emerged in the 10th century AD . This paved the way for successive imperial dynasties as the nation expanded geographically southward until the Indochinese Peninsula saw French colonisation in the mid-19th century . Modern Vietnam was born upon the Proclamation of Independence from France in 1945 . Following Vietnamese victory against the French in the First Indochina War , which ended in 1954 , the nation was divided into two rival states : communist North and anti-communist South . Conflicts intensified in the Vietnam War , which saw extensive US intervention in support of South Vietnam and ended with North Vietnamese victory in 1975 ." } ] }, { "value": "Yekaterinburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yekaterinburg", "summary": "Yekaterinburg ( /jɪˈkætərɪnbɜːrɡ/ yih-KAT-ər-in-burg ; Russian : Екатеринбу́рг , IPA : [ jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk ] ) , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg , is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast , located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains , in the middle of the Eurasian continent , on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe . It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast . In 2018 , it had an estimated population of 1,501,652 . Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia , as it is ranked third by the size of economy , culture , transportation and tourism . It is located about 1,420 kilometres ( 880 mi ) to the east of Moscow . The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century . Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great 's wife , who after his death became Catherine I , Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time . In 1781 , Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the main road of the Empire , the Siberian Route , through the city . Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia , which had rich resources , and was known as the window to Asia , a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe . In the late 19th century , Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals . In 1924 , after Russia became a socialist state , the city was named Sverdlovsk ( Russian : Свердло́вск ) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov ." } ] }, { "value": "Consulate-General", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "link", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Diplomatic missions in Russia -- Consulates in Yekaterinburg", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Russia_2", "intro": "This is a list of diplomatic missions in Russia. As the world's largest country, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, regional power in Europe and Asia and the principal successor state to the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation hosts a large diplomatic community in its capital city of Moscow. Moscow hosts 148 embassies, with numerous countries maintaining consulates general and consulates throughout the country." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Campeonato_Profesional", "title": "1952 Campeonato Profesional", "header": [ "Team", "City", "Stadium" ], "data": [ { "value": "América", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/América_de_Cali", "summary": "América de Cali S. A. , best known as América de Cali or América , is a Colombian football team based in Cali and playing in the Categoría Primera A . They play their home games at the Olímpico Pascual Guerrero stadium . The club is regarded by FIFA and IFFHS as the strongest football team in Colombia and the ninth strongest in South America during the 20th century . IFFHS also once ranked América de Cali as the second best club side in the world , behind only Italian champions Juventus . The club is one of the oldest in Colombia ; they were founded in 1927 , and trace their origins to the América Football Club , which was founded in 1918 . They are also one of the most successful Colombian clubs at both the domestic and international levels , winning fourteen national titles and reaching the Copa Libertadores finals four times ( including three straight from 1985 to 1987 ) . Although they have never won the Copa Libertadores , they have won two international tournaments , the 1999 Copa Merconorte and the 1975 Copa Simón Bolívar . In 2011 , América was relegated to the local second division , where they played for five seasons . They returned to the top flight by winning the Primera B championship in 2016 . América has a number of fierce rivalries , most notably with crosstown rivals Deportivo Cali . Matches between them are known as the Clásico Vallecaucano . Other rival clubs include Atlético Nacional , Millonarios and Independiente Santa Fe ." } ] }, { "value": "Cali", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cali", "summary": "Santiago de Cali ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali ] ) , or Cali , is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department , and the most populous city in southwest Colombia , with an 2,227,642 residents according to the 2018 census . The city spans 560.3 km2 ( 216.3 sq mi ) with 120.9 km2 ( 46.7 sq mi ) of urban area , making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous . As the only major Colombian city with access to the Pacific Coast , Cali is the main urban and economic centre in the south of the country , and has one of Colombia 's fastest-growing economies . The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar . Cali is also a centre for sports in Colombia , and is the only Colombian city to have hosted the Pan American Games ( in 1971 ) . It hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships , the ninth edition of the World Games in 2013 , the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014 and the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 . Cali will host the first ever Junior Pan American Games in 2021 ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Olímpico_Pascual_Guerrero", "summary": "The Estadio Olimpico Pascual Guerrero is a football stadium , also used for athletics , concerts and rugby sevens , in Santiago de Cali , Colombia which is named to honor the poet Pascual Guerrero . The stadium and the sports complex that surrounds it were , from the 1950s to the 1970s , one of the finest and most modern sports complexes in Latin America , and led to references of Cali as the Sports Capital of America . The Pascual , as Cali 's inhabitants usually call the stadium , replaced the now defunct Estadio Galilea which was located in the Versailles neighbourhood , where the first national athletics competition was held in 1928 . The Pascual is still an important venue for domestic and international sporting events . With renovations made for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia and additional suits and sky boxes the stadium 's capacity was reduced to 35,000 people . It is currently the home of América de Cali , Atlético and Boca Juniors , and was the home of Deportivo Cali until 2015 when they moved into their new stadium on a permanent basis ." } ] }, { "value": "Atlético Bucaramanga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlético_Bucaramanga", "summary": "Club Atlético Bucaramanga S.A. , better known as Atlético Bucaramanga , is a professional Colombian football team based in Bucaramanga . The club plays its home games at the Alfonso López stadium . The club was founded on 11 May 1949 by Rafael Chaberman , a Barranquilla businessman . Ever since , it has been a regular participant in the top flight of the Colombian professional league . The team 's most recent stint in the top division began in 2015 . The club 's greatest achievement to date took place in 1997 , when they reached the finals of the Colombian football league , losing to América de Cali . That performance qualified them for the ensuing Copa Libertadores de América , in which they reached the second round ." } ] }, { "value": "Bucaramanga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bucaramanga", "summary": "Bucaramanga ( Spanish pronunciation : [ bukaɾaˈmaŋɡa ] ) is the capital and largest city of the department of Santander , Colombia . Bucaramanga has the fifth-largest economy by GDP in Colombia , has the highest GDP per capita in Colombia , has the lowest unemployment rate and has the ninth-largest population in the country , with 581,130 people . Bucaramanga has over 160 parks scattered throughout the city and has been given the nickname La Ciudad de Los Parques ( The City of Parks ) and La Ciudad Bonita de Colombia ( Colombia 's Beautiful City ) . Bucaramanga has grown rapidly since the 1960s , mostly into neighboring locations within the metropolitan area . Floridablanca , Girón and Piedecuesta are inextricably linked geographically and commercially with Bucaramanga , and now all form together the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area in Colombia with 1,141,671 inhabitants . The city is the base of the Colombian Petroleum Institute ( ICP ) , the research branch of the state oil company Ecopetrol ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Alfonso López", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Alfonso_López", "summary": "Estadio Alfonso López is a multi-purpose stadium in Bucaramanga , Colombia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 25,000 people , and is the home of Atlético Bucaramanga . From 2006 to 2016 it had the first synthetic grass pitch in Colombia . [ citation needed ] Alfonso López stadium is part of the larger Villa Olímpica Alfonso López ." } ] }, { "value": "Atlético Municipal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlético_Nacional", "summary": "Club Atlético Nacional S. A. , also known as Atlético Nacional , is a Colombian professional football team based in Medellín . The club is one of only three teams to have played in every first division tournament in the country 's history , the other two teams being Millonarios and Santa Fe . Atlético Nacional was founded on 7 March 1947 as Club Atlético Municipal de Medellín by Luis Alberto Villegas López , a former president of the football league of Antioquia . The current owner , Organización Ardila Lülle , officially acquired the team in 1996 . According to CONMEBOL , Atlético Nacional is the club with the largest number of fans in Colombia . Atlético Nacional plays its home games at the Atanasio Girardot stadium , which has a capacity of 45,943 . It shares the stadium with its local rivals , Independiente Medellín . The teams face each other in a derby known as El Clásico Paisa , which is considered one of the most important derbies in the country . Atlético Nacional also has a rivalry with Millonarios , a rivalry that arose from the 1989 Copa Libertadores . Considered to be one of the strongest clubs from Colombia , it is one of the most consistent clubs in the country . Atlético Nacional has won 16 league titles , four Copa Colombia and two Superliga Colombiana , a total of 22 domestic titles , making it the most successful team in Colombia . It was also the first Colombian club to win the Copa Libertadores in 1989 and , after winning the title again in 2016 , the most successful Colombian side in that tournament ." } ] }, { "value": "Medellín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Medellín", "summary": "Medellín ( Spanish pronunciation : [ meðeˈʝin ] or [ meðeˈʎin ] ) , officially the Municipality of Medellín ( Spanish : Municipio de Medellín ) , is the second-largest city in Colombia , after Bogotá , and the capital of the department of Antioquia . It is located in the Aburrá Valley , a central region of the Andes Mountains in South America . According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics , the city had an estimated population of 2,427,129 according to the 2018 census . With its surrounding area that includes nine other cities , the metropolitan area of Medellín is the second-largest urban agglomeration in Colombia in terms of population and economy , with more than 3.7 million people . In 1616 the Spaniard Francisco Herrera Campuzano erected a small indigenous village ( poblado ) known as Saint Lawrence of Aburrá ( San Lorenzo de Aburrá ) , located in the present-day El Poblado commune . On 2 November 1675 , the queen consort Mariana of Austria founded the Town of Our Lady of Candelaria of Medellín ( Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Medellín ) in the Aná region , which today corresponds to the center of the city ( east-central zone ) and first describes the region as Medellín . In 1826 , the city was named the capital of the Department of Antioquia by the National Congress of the nascent Republic of Gran Colombia , comprised by present-day Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , and Panama . After Colombia won its independence from Spain , Medellín became the capital of the Federal State of Antioquia until 1888 , with the proclamation of the Colombian Constitution of 1886 . During the 19th century , Medellín was a dynamic commercial center , first exporting gold , then producing and exporting coffee . At the beginning of the 21st century , the city regained industrial dynamism , with the construction of the Medellín Metro commuter rail , liberalized development policies , improved security and improved education . Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have lauded the city as a pioneer of a post-Washington consensus local development state model of economic development . The city is promoted internationally as a tourist destination and is considered a global city type Gamma - by GaWC ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio San Fernando", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Boca Juniors", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boca_Juniors_de_Cali", "summary": "Boca Juniors de Cali is a professional football club which represented the city of Cali since its creation in 1937 until its exit from professional football in 1957 and again from 2019 onwards competing in the Categoría Primera B , the second tier of Colombian football . Since its early years it adopted the jersey from Argentine team Boca Juniors ." } ] }, { "value": "Cali", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cali", "summary": "Santiago de Cali ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali ] ) , or Cali , is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department , and the most populous city in southwest Colombia , with an 2,227,642 residents according to the 2018 census . The city spans 560.3 km2 ( 216.3 sq mi ) with 120.9 km2 ( 46.7 sq mi ) of urban area , making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous . As the only major Colombian city with access to the Pacific Coast , Cali is the main urban and economic centre in the south of the country , and has one of Colombia 's fastest-growing economies . The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar . Cali is also a centre for sports in Colombia , and is the only Colombian city to have hosted the Pan American Games ( in 1971 ) . It hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships , the ninth edition of the World Games in 2013 , the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014 and the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 . Cali will host the first ever Junior Pan American Games in 2021 ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Olímpico_Pascual_Guerrero", "summary": "The Estadio Olimpico Pascual Guerrero is a football stadium , also used for athletics , concerts and rugby sevens , in Santiago de Cali , Colombia which is named to honor the poet Pascual Guerrero . The stadium and the sports complex that surrounds it were , from the 1950s to the 1970s , one of the finest and most modern sports complexes in Latin America , and led to references of Cali as the Sports Capital of America . The Pascual , as Cali 's inhabitants usually call the stadium , replaced the now defunct Estadio Galilea which was located in the Versailles neighbourhood , where the first national athletics competition was held in 1928 . The Pascual is still an important venue for domestic and international sporting events . With renovations made for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia and additional suits and sky boxes the stadium 's capacity was reduced to 35,000 people . It is currently the home of América de Cali , Atlético and Boca Juniors , and was the home of Deportivo Cali until 2015 when they moved into their new stadium on a permanent basis ." } ] }, { "value": "Cúcuta Deportivo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cúcuta_Deportivo", "summary": "Cúcuta Deportivo Fútbol Club S. A. is a professional Colombian football team based in Cúcuta , that currently plays in the Categoria Primera A . The club was officially founded on September 10 , 1924 , and its first appearance in a professional league was in the 1950 Campeonato Profesional season . They play their home games at the 42,000 capacity General Santander stadium , although in 2017 they played some of their home games at Estadio Municipal Héctor El Zipa González in Zipaquirá , with capacity for 7,000 people . The team disputes the Clásico del Oriente Colombiano against its long-time rival Atlético Bucaramanga . Cúcuta Deportivo has won seven titles between national and international , but the greatest achievements of the team are : two Primera B titles in 1995-96 and 2005 , one Primera A title in 2006-II , and reaching the semi-finals of the 2007 Copa Libertadores , where they were knocked out by Argentinian club Boca Juniors . The IFFHS has ranked Cúcuta Deportivo 92nd in the list of best South American clubs of the 21st century ." } ] }, { "value": "Cúcuta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cúcuta", "summary": "Cúcuta ( Spanish : [ ˈkukuta ] ( listen ) ) , officially San José de Cúcuta , is a Colombian city , capital of Norte de Santander department . It is located in the northeast of the country , in the eastern branch of the Colombian Andes , on the border with Venezuela . Cúcuta has a population of 711,715 people according to the 2018 census , making it the 6th largest city in the country . Due to its proximity with Venezuela , Cúcuta is an important commercial center , hosting many billion dollar companies . The international border in Cúcuta is said to be the most dynamic of South America . The city has a length of 12 kilometres ( 7.5 miles ) from north to south and 11 kilometres ( 6.8 miles ) from east to west . It is divided into 10 communes and it is the political , economic , administrative , industrial , cultural and tourism hub of the Norte de Santander department . Cúcuta has experienced a great urban development , as a result other cities have been formed around it , like Los Patios in the east , and Villa del Rosario in the south . They are part of the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta which has a population of about 850,000 people . It is connected by roads across the country to major cities like Bogotá , Bucaramanga , Ocaña , Valledupar , Pamplona , Tunja and Cartagena de Indias and because of its location , to many cities of Venezuela . Its airport , Camilo Daza International Airport , offers flights to several Colombian cities . The city was the place of some of the most important events in Colombian history , like the redaction of the first constitution by the Congress of Cúcuta which led to the foundation of the Republic of Colombia , also known as Gran Colombia , and the Battle of Cúcuta , where troops led by Simón Bolívar defeated the Spanish Royal Rorce , thereby liberating the city from Spanish rule and allowing Bolívar troops to continue their campaign toward Venezuela ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio General Santander", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_General_Santander", "summary": "General Santander Stadium ( Estadio General Santander ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Cúcuta , Colombia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 42,901 people . It is named in honour of Francisco de Paula Santander . Coordinates : 7°53′40″N 72°30′06″W / 7.894478°N 72.501717°W / 7.894478 ; -72.501717" } ] }, { "value": "Deportes Quindío", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deportes_Quindío", "summary": "Deportes Quindío is a professional Colombian football club based in Armenia , Colombia , that currently plays in the Categoría Primera B . The club was founded on 8 January 1951 , and its best achievement was win the 1956 tournament . They play their home games at the Centenario stadium . The club was called Atlético Quindío from 1953 to 1963 ." } ] }, { "value": "Armenia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Armenia,_Colombia", "summary": "Armenia ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aɾˈme.nja ] ) is the capital of Quindio Department . It is one of the main centers of the national economy and of the Colombian coffee growing axis . Armenia is a medium-sized city and part of the coffee triangle with Pereira and Manizales ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio San José de Armenia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Deportivo Manizales", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Once_Caldas", "summary": "Once Caldas S.A. , simply known as Once Caldas , is a professional Colombian football team based in Manizales , that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A . They play their home games at the Palogrande stadium . They were the surprise winners of the Copa Libertadores in 2004 , mainly due to the performances of Juan Carlos Henao and Jhon Viáfara . The club was founded in 1961 after the fusion of Deportes Caldas and Deportivo Manizales ( also known as Once Deportivo ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Manizales", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manizales", "summary": "Manizales ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maniˈsales ] ) is a city and municipality in central Colombia . It is the capital of the Department of Caldas , and lies near the Nevado del Ruiz volcano . Currently , the city is the main center for the production of Colombian coffee and an important hub for higher educational institutions ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Palogrande", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Palogrande", "summary": "Palogrande Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Manizales , Colombia . It is currently used mostly for football ( soccer ) matches . With renovations made for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia the stadium capacity dropped to 32,000 people . It was built in 1936 , and was expanded to 36,000 people in 1994 . Once Caldas plays its home matches at this stadium and won the Copa Libertadores in 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Deportivo Cali", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deportivo_Cali", "summary": "Asociación Deportivo Cali , best known as Deportivo Cali , is a Colombian sports club based in Cali , most notable for its football team , which currently competes in the Categoría Primera A. Deportivo Cali is one of the most successful football teams in Colombia , having won nine domestic league championships , one Copa Colombia and one Superliga Colombiana , for eleven titles . Their stadium , Estadio Deportivo Cali , with an original capacity of 61,890 , is the largest football stadium in Colombia and was officially inaugurated on 19 November 2008 . In 2010 its capacity was reduced to 55,000 people due to renovations . Deportivo Cali 's old home stadium was Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero , with a capacity of 43,130 . Deportivo Cali is the only Colombian football club that owns its own stadium . It was also the first Colombian team to reach the final of Copa Libertadores in 1978 . In 2016 , Forbes listed Deportivo Cali as the 36th most valuable team of America ." } ] }, { "value": "Cali", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cali", "summary": "Santiago de Cali ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali ] ) , or Cali , is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department , and the most populous city in southwest Colombia , with an 2,227,642 residents according to the 2018 census . The city spans 560.3 km2 ( 216.3 sq mi ) with 120.9 km2 ( 46.7 sq mi ) of urban area , making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous . As the only major Colombian city with access to the Pacific Coast , Cali is the main urban and economic centre in the south of the country , and has one of Colombia 's fastest-growing economies . The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar . Cali is also a centre for sports in Colombia , and is the only Colombian city to have hosted the Pan American Games ( in 1971 ) . It hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships , the ninth edition of the World Games in 2013 , the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014 and the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015 . Cali will host the first ever Junior Pan American Games in 2021 ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Olímpico_Pascual_Guerrero", "summary": "The Estadio Olimpico Pascual Guerrero is a football stadium , also used for athletics , concerts and rugby sevens , in Santiago de Cali , Colombia which is named to honor the poet Pascual Guerrero . The stadium and the sports complex that surrounds it were , from the 1950s to the 1970s , one of the finest and most modern sports complexes in Latin America , and led to references of Cali as the Sports Capital of America . The Pascual , as Cali 's inhabitants usually call the stadium , replaced the now defunct Estadio Galilea which was located in the Versailles neighbourhood , where the first national athletics competition was held in 1928 . The Pascual is still an important venue for domestic and international sporting events . With renovations made for the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia and additional suits and sky boxes the stadium 's capacity was reduced to 35,000 people . It is currently the home of América de Cali , Atlético and Boca Juniors , and was the home of Deportivo Cali until 2015 when they moved into their new stadium on a permanent basis ." } ] }, { "value": "Deportivo Pereira", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deportivo_Pereira", "summary": "Deportivo Pereira is a professional Colombian football team based in Pereira , that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A . They play their home games at the Hernán Ramírez Villegas stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "Pereira", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pereira,_Colombia", "summary": "Pereira ( Spanish pronunciation : [ peˈɾeiɾa ] ) is the capital city of the Colombian department of Risaralda . It is located in the foothills of the Andes in a coffee-producing area of Colombia officially known as the Coffee Axis . Pereira , alongside the rest of the Coffee Axis , form part of UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia . It is the most populated city in the Coffee Axis and the second-most populated city in the Paisa region , after Medellín . Pereira is also part of the Central West Metropolitan Area , which has 709,322 residents and is composed of Pereira and the neighboring cities of Dosquebradas and La Virginia . As the capital of the department of Risaralda , Pereira houses the headquarters of the Government of Risaralda , the Departmental Assembly , the Departmental Court , the Metropolitan Area Authority and the Attorney General . It also serves as the headquarters for numerous public companies and institutions of the Colombian state . Being in the center of the Golden Triangle ( which consists of the cities of Bogotá , Medellín , and Cali ) , Pereira has become especially important in the fields of trade and commerce ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Libaré", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Deportivo Samarios", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deportivo_Samarios", "summary": "Unión Magdalena ( Spanish pronunciation : [ uˈnjon maɣðaˈlena ] ) commonly known as El Unión , and nicknamed as El Ciclón Bananero ( The Banana Cyclone ) , is a professional Colombian football club based in Santa Marta , Magdalena , Colombia . The club will play in the 2020 Categoría Primera B . The club 's home ground is the Sierra Nevada Stadium , which it moved in 2018 . Founded in March 10 , 1951 as Deportivo Samarios , the club was re-founded as Unión Magdalena in 19 April 1953 . The original playing squad was largely composed of Hungarians who were touring Colombia when their club , the Hungaria FbC Roma , was disbanded ." } ] }, { "value": "Santa Marta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santa_Marta", "summary": "Santa Marta ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˌsanta ˈmaɾta ] ) , officially Distrito Turístico , Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta ( Touristic , Cultural and Historic District of Santa Marta ) , is a city in Colombia . It is the capital of Magdalena Department and the fourth-largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia , after Barranquilla , Cartagena , and Soledad . Founded on July 29 , 1525 , by the Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas , it was the first Spanish settlement in Colombia , its oldest surviving city , and second oldest in South America . [ citation needed ] This city is situated on a bay by the same name and as such , it is a prime tourist destination in the Caribbean region ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Eduardo Santos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Eduardo_Santos", "summary": "Estadio Eduardo Santos is a multi-use stadium in Santa Marta , Colombia , used mostly for football matches . It is the largest sports facility in Magdalena Department with a maximum capacity of 23,000 people . The stadium is named after politician and publisher Eduardo Santos , President of the Republic of Colombia from 1938 to 1942 ." } ] }, { "value": "Junior", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Junior_de_Barranquilla", "summary": "Club Deportivo Popular Junior F.C . S.A. ( American Spanish : [ ˈʝunjoɾ ] ) , commonly known as Junior de Barranquilla , by its old name Atlético Junior , or simply as Junior , is a Colombian professional football team based in Barranquilla , that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A . Junior is the main Caribbean team in the top flight of Colombian football . The club was founded on August 7 , 1924 . Known as Los Tiburones ( The Sharks ) , or El Equipo Tiburón ( The Shark Team ) . Junior have won the Colombian professional football championship nine times ( 1977 , 1980 , 1993 , 1995 , 2004 , 2010 , 2011 , 2018 and 2019 ) . Some of the most notable players that have played for the club include Heleno de Freitas , Garrincha , Dida , Juan Ramón Verón , Efraín Sánchez , Carlos El Pibe Valderrama , Iván Valenciano , Teófilo Gutiérrez , Carlos Bacca , Julio César Uribe , Giovanni Hernández and Sebastián Viera ." } ] }, { "value": "Barranquilla", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barranquilla", "summary": "Barranquilla ( American Spanish : [ baraŋˈkiʝa ] ( listen ) ) is the capital district of Atlántico Department in Colombia . It is located near the Caribbean Sea and is the largest city and second port in the northern Caribbean Coast region ; as of 2018 it had a population of 1,206,319 making it Colombia 's fourth-most populous city after Bogotá , Medellín and Cali . Barranquilla lies strategically next to the delta of the Magdalena River , 7.5 kilometres ( 4.7 miles ) ( originally 25 kilometres ( 16 miles ) before rapid urban growth ) from its mouth at the Caribbean Sea , serving as a port for river and maritime transportation within Colombia . It is also the main industrial , shopping , educational and cultural center of the Caribbean Region of Colombia . The city is the core of the Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla , which also includes the municipalities of Soledad , Galapa , Malambo , and Puerto Colombia . Barranquilla was legally established as a town on April 7 , 1813 , although it dates from at least 1629 . It grew into an important port , serving as a haven for immigrants from Europe , especially during and immediately following World War I and World War II , when waves of additional immigrants from the Middle East and Asia arrived . Barranquilla became Colombia 's principal port , and with its level of industrialization and modernity earned the city the nickname Colombia 's Golden Gate ( Spanish : La Puerta de Oro de Colombia ) . In the 1940s , Barranquilla was the second-largest city in Colombia and one of the most modern cities in the Caribbean and in South America ; later local administrations , due to widespread corruption in their ranks , brought about a decline in the standard of living . As government investment increased in other Colombian cities , Barranquilla 's national position was eclipsed . The city is home to one of the most important folk and cultural festivals of Colombia , the Carnival of Barranquilla , which was declared a National Cultural Heritage by the Congress of Colombia in 2001 and recognized by UNESCO in 2003 . Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport , built in Barranquilla in 1919 , was the first airport in South America ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Romelio Martínez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Romelio_Martínez", "summary": "The Estadio Romelio Martínez , or Romelio Martínez Stadium , is a sports stadium located at 72 street and 46 Avenue in the Colombian city of Barranquilla . It has a capacity of 20,000 spectators . Until the construction of the Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez in 1986 , the Romelio Martínez had been the city 's primary stadium . It is currently the home of the Barranquilla F.C . soccer team , which plays in the Colombian second division ." } ] }, { "value": "Millonarios", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Millonarios_Fútbol_Club", "summary": "Millonarios Fútbol Club is a professional Colombian football team based in Bogotá , that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A . They play their home games at the El Campín stadium . The team was initially created in 1937 by students from the Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé . After the team initially was unsure about which name it would want to use , Unión and Juventud were originally favoured , it got under the influence of the city administration of Bogotá and operated as Club Municipal de Deportes . Millonarios was formally founded on June 18 , 1946 , thanks to the efforts of Alfonso Senior Quevedo , who became the first chairman . Millonarios has won the Colombian league 15 times . They are also the third Colombian team to achieve a major international title , the Copa Merconorte in 2001 . Since the beginning of the Colombian professional football league , Millonarios has won many domestic tournaments , the last one in 2017 . Millonarios is also one of only three teams that have played every first division tournament in the country , along with their traditional rivals Santa Fe and Atlético Nacional ." } ] }, { "value": "Bogotá", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bogotá", "summary": "Bogotá ( /ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/ , also UK : /ˌbɒɡ-/ , US : /ˈboʊɡətɑː/ , Spanish : [ boɣoˈta ] ( listen ) ) , officially Bogotá , Distrito Capital , abbreviated Bogotá , D.C. , and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000 , is the capital and largest city of Colombia , administered as the Capital District , as well as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca . Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order , with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia . It is the political , economic , administrative and industrial center of the country . Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on August 6 , 1538 , by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca . The Muisca were the indigenous inhabitants of the region , and they called the place of the foundation Thybzaca or Old Town . The name of Bogotá corresponds to the Spanish pronunciation of the Muisca Bacatá ( or Mueketá ) which was the name of a neighboring settlement located between the modern towns of Funza and Cota . There are different opinions about the meaning of the word Bacatá , the most accepted being that it means walling of the farmland in the Chibcha language . Another popular translation argues that it means The Lady of the Andes . Further , the word 'Andes ' in the Aymara language means shining mountain , thus rendering the full lexical signification of Bogotá as The Lady of the shining mountain ( notice , however , that the language of the Muisca people was not Aymara but Chibcha ) . Others suggest that Bacatá was the name of the Muisca cacique who governed the land before the Spaniards arrived . Jiménez de Quesada gave the settlement the name of Our Lady of Hope but the Spanish crown gave it the name of Santafé ( Holy Faith ) in 1540 when it was appointed as a city . Santafé became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada ( created in 1550 ) , and then after 1717 it was the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio El Campín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_El_Campín", "summary": "The Estadio Nemesio Camacho , commonly known as El Campín , is the main stadium of Bogotá , Colombia . It was inaugurated on 10 August 1938 and has a current capacity of 36,343 spectators . It is the home ground of the Categoría Primera A teams Independiente Santa Fe and Millonarios . The stadium is named after Nemesio Camacho , former manager of the then-existing streetcar system of Bogotá and also the father of Luis Camacho Matiz , the person who offered the land where the stadium would be constructed . The name Campín comes from a modification of the word camping because the area where the stadium currently stands was formerly a camping zone . It entered service as a football stadium around 1946 , just in time to host the first national club tournament . It was used as the final venue for 2001 Copa América , where the Colombian team were crowned champions of the American continent defeating Mexico 1-0 . This stadium was one of the eight stadiums of the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup held by Colombia and hosted its closing ceremony ." } ] }, { "value": "Santa Fe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Independiente_Santa_Fe", "summary": "Independiente Santa Fe , known simply as Santa Fe , is a professional Colombian football team based in Bogotá , that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A . They play their home games at the El Campín stadium . Santa Fe is one of the three most successful teams in Colombia , winning seventeen titles , which includes 9 national championships ( most recently in 2016 ) , three Superliga Colombiana , two Copas Colombia , and international titles such as one Copa Sudamericana , one Suruga Bank Championship , and one Copa Simón Bolívar . Santa Fe is one of the three clubs that has played every championship in the Categoría Primera A. Santa Fe became the first Colombian team to win the Copa Sudamericana , and the first Colombian team to win an official tournament outside America . The club was recognized as one of the ten best clubs in the world in 2015 by the IFFHS , occupying the seventh position and being the best ranked of South America . Santa Fe has a fierce rivalry with Millonarios who share the same stadium . The game is considered as one of the most famous derbies in South America and is known as El Clásico Bogotano or El Clásico Capitalino ." } ] }, { "value": "Bogotá", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bogotá", "summary": "Bogotá ( /ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/ , also UK : /ˌbɒɡ-/ , US : /ˈboʊɡətɑː/ , Spanish : [ boɣoˈta ] ( listen ) ) , officially Bogotá , Distrito Capital , abbreviated Bogotá , D.C. , and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000 , is the capital and largest city of Colombia , administered as the Capital District , as well as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca . Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order , with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia . It is the political , economic , administrative and industrial center of the country . Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on August 6 , 1538 , by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca . The Muisca were the indigenous inhabitants of the region , and they called the place of the foundation Thybzaca or Old Town . The name of Bogotá corresponds to the Spanish pronunciation of the Muisca Bacatá ( or Mueketá ) which was the name of a neighboring settlement located between the modern towns of Funza and Cota . There are different opinions about the meaning of the word Bacatá , the most accepted being that it means walling of the farmland in the Chibcha language . Another popular translation argues that it means The Lady of the Andes . Further , the word 'Andes ' in the Aymara language means shining mountain , thus rendering the full lexical signification of Bogotá as The Lady of the shining mountain ( notice , however , that the language of the Muisca people was not Aymara but Chibcha ) . Others suggest that Bacatá was the name of the Muisca cacique who governed the land before the Spaniards arrived . Jiménez de Quesada gave the settlement the name of Our Lady of Hope but the Spanish crown gave it the name of Santafé ( Holy Faith ) in 1540 when it was appointed as a city . Santafé became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada ( created in 1550 ) , and then after 1717 it was the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio El Campín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_El_Campín", "summary": "The Estadio Nemesio Camacho , commonly known as El Campín , is the main stadium of Bogotá , Colombia . It was inaugurated on 10 August 1938 and has a current capacity of 36,343 spectators . It is the home ground of the Categoría Primera A teams Independiente Santa Fe and Millonarios . The stadium is named after Nemesio Camacho , former manager of the then-existing streetcar system of Bogotá and also the father of Luis Camacho Matiz , the person who offered the land where the stadium would be constructed . The name Campín comes from a modification of the word camping because the area where the stadium currently stands was formerly a camping zone . It entered service as a football stadium around 1946 , just in time to host the first national club tournament . It was used as the final venue for 2001 Copa América , where the Colombian team were crowned champions of the American continent defeating Mexico 1-0 . This stadium was one of the eight stadiums of the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup held by Colombia and hosted its closing ceremony ." } ] }, { "value": "Sporting de Barranquilla", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barranquilla", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barranquilla", "summary": "Barranquilla ( American Spanish : [ baraŋˈkiʝa ] ( listen ) ) is the capital district of Atlántico Department in Colombia . It is located near the Caribbean Sea and is the largest city and second port in the northern Caribbean Coast region ; as of 2018 it had a population of 1,206,319 making it Colombia 's fourth-most populous city after Bogotá , Medellín and Cali . Barranquilla lies strategically next to the delta of the Magdalena River , 7.5 kilometres ( 4.7 miles ) ( originally 25 kilometres ( 16 miles ) before rapid urban growth ) from its mouth at the Caribbean Sea , serving as a port for river and maritime transportation within Colombia . It is also the main industrial , shopping , educational and cultural center of the Caribbean Region of Colombia . The city is the core of the Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla , which also includes the municipalities of Soledad , Galapa , Malambo , and Puerto Colombia . Barranquilla was legally established as a town on April 7 , 1813 , although it dates from at least 1629 . It grew into an important port , serving as a haven for immigrants from Europe , especially during and immediately following World War I and World War II , when waves of additional immigrants from the Middle East and Asia arrived . Barranquilla became Colombia 's principal port , and with its level of industrialization and modernity earned the city the nickname Colombia 's Golden Gate ( Spanish : La Puerta de Oro de Colombia ) . In the 1940s , Barranquilla was the second-largest city in Colombia and one of the most modern cities in the Caribbean and in South America ; later local administrations , due to widespread corruption in their ranks , brought about a decline in the standard of living . As government investment increased in other Colombian cities , Barranquilla 's national position was eclipsed . The city is home to one of the most important folk and cultural festivals of Colombia , the Carnival of Barranquilla , which was declared a National Cultural Heritage by the Congress of Colombia in 2001 and recognized by UNESCO in 2003 . Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport , built in Barranquilla in 1919 , was the first airport in South America ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Romelio Martínez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Romelio_Martínez", "summary": "The Estadio Romelio Martínez , or Romelio Martínez Stadium , is a sports stadium located at 72 street and 46 Avenue in the Colombian city of Barranquilla . It has a capacity of 20,000 spectators . Until the construction of the Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez in 1986 , the Romelio Martínez had been the city 's primary stadium . It is currently the home of the Barranquilla F.C . soccer team , which plays in the Colombian second division ." } ] }, { "value": "Universidad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_University_of_Colombia", "summary": "The National University of Colombia ( Spanish : Universidad Nacional de Colombia ) is a public and national research university in Colombia , with general campuses in Bogotá , Medellín , Manizales and Palmira , and satellite campuses in Leticia , San Andrés ( island ) , Arauca , Tumaco and La Paz , Cesar . It was established in 1867 by an act of the Congress of Colombia , and , as of 2017 , was one of the largest universities in the country with more than 53,000 students . It grants many academic degrees and offers 450 academic programmes , including 95 undergraduate degrees , 83 academic specializations , 40 medical specialties , 167 master 's degrees , and 65 doctorates . Approximately 44,000 students are enrolled for an undergraduate degree and 10,000 for a postgraduate degree . It is also one of the few universities that employs post-doctorate fellows in the country . The university is a member of the Association of Colombian Universities ( ASCUN ) , the Iberoamerican Association of Postgraduate Universities ( AUIP ) , and the Iberoamerican University Network Universia . Along with Antioquia and Valle universities , it is part of what is known as the Golden Triangle of higher education in Colombia , being among the most selective and competitive universities in the country . The SCImago Institutions Rankings Iber by SCImago Research Group found that the National University of Colombia produced the largest number of scientific papers published in peer-refereed publications in the country , and was the 17th ( 14th in 2018 ) most prolific in Latin America . Furthermore , according to the Latin-American Web Ranking of Universities , the National University of Colombia ranks first place in internet presence in the country . It is also among the first universities in the region . Among the universities of CIVETS countries , the National University occupied second place . The institution offers a wide selection of programmes in both undergraduate and graduate levels , such as medicine , nursing , dentistry , engineering , chemistry , pharmacy , mathematics , physics , geology , biology , psychology , social sciences , arts ( music , fine arts ) , languages , philosophy , and law ." } ] }, { "value": "Bogotá", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bogotá", "summary": "Bogotá ( /ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/ , also UK : /ˌbɒɡ-/ , US : /ˈboʊɡətɑː/ , Spanish : [ boɣoˈta ] ( listen ) ) , officially Bogotá , Distrito Capital , abbreviated Bogotá , D.C. , and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000 , is the capital and largest city of Colombia , administered as the Capital District , as well as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca . Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order , with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia . It is the political , economic , administrative and industrial center of the country . Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on August 6 , 1538 , by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca . The Muisca were the indigenous inhabitants of the region , and they called the place of the foundation Thybzaca or Old Town . The name of Bogotá corresponds to the Spanish pronunciation of the Muisca Bacatá ( or Mueketá ) which was the name of a neighboring settlement located between the modern towns of Funza and Cota . There are different opinions about the meaning of the word Bacatá , the most accepted being that it means walling of the farmland in the Chibcha language . Another popular translation argues that it means The Lady of the Andes . Further , the word 'Andes ' in the Aymara language means shining mountain , thus rendering the full lexical signification of Bogotá as The Lady of the shining mountain ( notice , however , that the language of the Muisca people was not Aymara but Chibcha ) . Others suggest that Bacatá was the name of the Muisca cacique who governed the land before the Spaniards arrived . Jiménez de Quesada gave the settlement the name of Our Lady of Hope but the Spanish crown gave it the name of Santafé ( Holy Faith ) in 1540 when it was appointed as a city . Santafé became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada ( created in 1550 ) , and then after 1717 it was the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada ." } ] }, { "value": "Estadio Alfonso López Pumarejo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estadio_Alfonso_López_Pumarejo", "summary": "The Alfonso López Pumarejo Stadium is a soccer stadium of National University of Colombia located at University City of Bogotá . It is named after Alfonso López Pumarejo ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Teams", "section_text": "12345678910 Locations of the 1952 Campeonato Profesional teams : 1 . Armenia2 . Barranquilla3 . Bogotá4 . Bucaramanga5 . Cali6 . Cúcuta7 . Manizales8 . Medellín9 . Pereira10 . Santa Marta", "uid": "1952_Campeonato_Profesional_0", "intro": "The 1952 Campeonato Profesional was the fifth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 15 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the fourth year of El Dorado. Millonarios won the league for 3rd time in its history after getting 46 points." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States", "title": "List of bus transit systems in the United States", "header": [ "System", "Locale", "Major city ( s )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Bee-Line Bus System", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bee-Line_Bus_System", "summary": "The Bee-Line Bus System , branded on the buses in lowercase as the bee-line system , is a bus system serving Westchester County , New York . The system is owned by the county 's Department of Public Works and Transportation . It was founded on May 1 , 1978 , by the then Westchester County Department of Transportation to consolidate the bus system with thirteen private bus companies and has been given control over the buses , fare structure , routes , and services . By the 1980s , the bus system had an identity problem in who was providing the service . On May 19 , 1987 , WCDOT officially named the bus service The Bee-Line System with a 'bee-in-flight ' mascot . The Westchester County Department of Public Works and Transportation currently contracts out to two private bus companies to provide service in Westchester County and the surrounding counties : Yonkers-based Liberty Lines Transit , Inc. , the main company that either bought out or obtained franchises from the other twelve bus companies over the years , operates buses on all but three bus routes ; and Cortlandt Manor-based P.T.L.A . Enterprise , Inc. , a small company that operates buses on routes 16 , 18 , and 31 ." } ] }, { "value": "Westchester County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York", "summary": "Westchester County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . It is the second-most populous county on the mainland of New York , after the Bronx , ( p6 ) and the most populous county in the state north of New York City . According to the 2010 Census , the county had a population of 949,113 , estimated to have increased to 967,612 by 2018 . Situated in the Hudson Valley , Westchester covers an area of 450 square miles ( 1,200 km2 ) , consisting of six cities , 19 towns , and 23 villages . Established in 1683 , Westchester was named after the city of Chester , England . The county seat is the city of White Plains , while the most populous municipality in the county is the city of Yonkers , with an estimated 199,663 residents in 2018 . The annual per capita income for Westchester was $ 67,813 in 2011 . The 2011 median household income of $ 77,006 was the fifth highest in New York ( after Nassau , Putnam , Suffolk , and Rockland counties ) and the 47th highest in the United States . By 2014 , the county 's median household income had risen to $ 83,422 . Westchester County ranks second in the state after New York County for median income per person , with a higher concentration of incomes in smaller households . Simultaneously , Westchester County had the highest property taxes of any county in the United States in 2013 . Westchester County is one of the centrally located counties within the New York metropolitan area ." } ] }, { "value": "White Plains", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/White_Plains,_New_York", "summary": "White Plains is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States . An inner suburb of New York City , it is the county seat and commercial hub of Westchester , a densely populated suburban county that is home to approximately one million people . White Plains is located in south-central Westchester , with its downtown ( Mamaroneck Avenue ) 25 miles ( 40 km ) north of Midtown Manhattan . As of 2018 , the city 's total population was estimated to be 58,811 , up from 56,853 at the 2010 census . According to the city government , the daytime weekday population is estimated at 250,000 . The city was ranked third in the top 10 places to live in New York for 2014 , according to national online real estate brokerage Movoto ." } ] }, { "value": "Broome County Transit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Broome_County_Transit", "summary": "Broome County Transit , popularly branded as B.C . Transit , is the public transportation system serving Broome County , New York , which includes the city of Binghamton and surrounding communities ." } ] }, { "value": "Broome County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Broome_County,_New_York", "summary": "Broome County in the U.S. state of New York , as of the 2010 United States Census , had a population of 200,600 . Its county seat is Binghamton . The county was named for John Broome , the state 's lieutenant governor when Broome County was created . The county is part of the Binghamton , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area . Broome County is the site of Binghamton University , one of four university centers in the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system ." } ] }, { "value": "Binghamton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York", "summary": "Binghamton /ˈbɪŋəmtən/ is a city in , and the county seat of , Broome County , New York , United States . It lies in the state 's Southern Tier region near the Pennsylvania border , in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers . Binghamton is the principal city and cultural center of the Binghamton metropolitan area ( also known as Greater Binghamton , or historically the Triple Cities ) , home to a quarter million people . The population of the city itself , according to the 2010 census , is 47,376 . From the days of the railroad , Binghamton was a transportation crossroads and a manufacturing center , and has been known at different times for the production of cigars , shoes , and computers . IBM was founded nearby , and the flight simulator was invented in the city , leading to a notable concentration of electronics- and defense-oriented firms . This sustained economic prosperity earned Binghamton the moniker of the Valley of Opportunity . However , following cuts made by defense firms after the end of the Cold War , the region has lost a significant portion of its manufacturing industry . Today , while there is a continued concentration of high-tech firms , Binghamton is emerging as a healthcare- and education-focused city , with the presence of Binghamton University acting as much of the driving force behind this revitalization ." } ] }, { "value": "Capital District Transportation Authority", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Capital_District_Transportation_Authority", "summary": "The Capital District Transportation Authority ( CDTA ) is a New York State public-benefit corporation overseeing a number of multi-modal parts of public transportation in the Capital District of New York State ( Albany , Schenectady , Rensselaer and Saratoga counties ) . CDTA runs local and express buses , including an express bus service called BusPlus between Albany and Schenectady , and day-to-day management of three Amtrak stations in the Capital region-the Albany-Rensselaer , Schenectady and Saratoga Springs Amtrak stations . Created as an act of the New York State Legislature in August 1970 , CDTA was formed similarly to agencies in Syracuse , Rochester , and Buffalo . In 1970 , CDTA purchased and took over management of the United Traction Company and Schenectady Transit . CDTA bus operators , dispatchers , and supervisory staff are organized in Local 1321 of the Amalgamated Transit Union ( ATU ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Capital District", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York", "summary": "The Capital District , also known as the Capital Region , is the metropolitan area surrounding Albany , the capital of the U.S. state of New York . In the 21st century , the Capital District emerged as a major anchor of Tech Valley , the moniker describing the technologically-focused region of eastern New York State . The Capital District was first settled by the Dutch in the early 17th century and came under English control in 1664 . Albany has been the permanent capital of the state of New York since 1797 . The Capital District is notable for many historical events that predate the independence of the United States , including the Albany Plan of Union and The Battles of Saratoga . Part of the Northern Capital District also covers the southern portion of the Adirondack Mountains ." } ] }, { "value": "Albany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Albany,_New_York", "summary": "Albany ( /ˈɔːlbəni/ ( listen ) AWL-bə-nee ) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat and largest city of Albany County . Albany is located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately 135 miles ( 220 km ) north of New York City . Albany is known for its rich history , commerce , culture , architecture , and institutions of higher education . Albany constitutes the economic and cultural core of the Capital District of New York State , which comprises the Albany-Schenectady-Troy , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area , including the nearby cities and suburbs of Troy , Schenectady , and Saratoga Springs . With a 2013 Census-estimated population of 1.1 million the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state . As of the 2010 census , the population of Albany was 97,856 . The area that later became Albany was settled by Dutch colonists who , in 1614 , built Fort Nassau for fur trading and , in 1624 , built Fort Orange . In 1664 , the English took over the Dutch settlements , renaming the city as Albany , in honor of the then Duke of Albany , the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland . The city was officially chartered in 1686 under English rule . It became the capital of New York in 1797 following formation of the United States . Albany is one of the oldest surviving settlements of the original British thirteen colonies , and is the longest continuously chartered city in the United States . During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th , Albany was a center of trade and transportation ." } ] }, { "value": "Chautauqua CARTS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chautauqua_CARTS", "summary": "The Chautauqua Area Rural Transit System ( CARTS ) operates from two terminals in Dunkirk and Jamestown serving almost every city , town , village and hamlet of Chautauqua County , New York with a weekday scheduled public transit service . In addition to the loop runs that are offered throughout the county , the CARTS system operates the urban bus services in Dunkirk and Fredonia , as well as Jamestown ." } ] }, { "value": "Chautauqua County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York", "summary": "Chautauqua County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 134,905 . Its county seat is Mayville , and its largest city is Jamestown . Its name is believed to be the lone surviving remnant of the Erie language , a tongue lost in the Beaver Wars ; its meaning is unknown and a subject of speculation . The county was created in 1808 and organized in 1811 . Chautauqua County comprises the Jamestown-Dunkirk-Fredonia , NY Micropolitan Statistical Area . It is located south of Lake Erie and includes a small portion of the Cattaraugus Reservation of the Seneca ." } ] }, { "value": "Jamestown , Dunkirk , Fredonia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York", "summary": "Jamestown is a city in southern Chautauqua County , New York , United States . The population was 31,146 at the 2010 census and was estimated at 29,591 in 2017 . Situated between Lake Erie to the northwest and the Allegheny National Forest to the south , Jamestown is the largest population center in the county . Nearby Chautauqua Lake is a freshwater resource used by fishermen , boaters and naturalists . Notable people from Jamestown include comedian Lucille Ball , U.S. Supreme Court justice and Nuremberg chief prosecutor Robert H. Jackson , naturalist Roger Tory Peterson , singer Natalie Merchant , and NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell . Products developed in Jamestown include the crescent wrench and automatic voting machines . Jamestown was once called the Furniture Capital of the World where people visited from all over the country to attend furniture expositions at the Furniture Mart , a building that still stands in the city and houses offices for a variety of companies ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dunkirk,_New_York", "summary": "Dunkirk is a city in Chautauqua County , New York , in the United States . It was settled around 1805 and officially incorporated in 1880 . The population was 12,563 as of the 2010 census , with an estimated population of 11,799 in 2018 . Dunkirk is bordered on the north by Lake Erie . It shares a border with the village of Fredonia to the south , and with the town of Dunkirk to the east and west . Dunkirk is the westernmost city in the state of New York ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fredonia,_New_York", "summary": "Fredonia is a village in Chautauqua County , New York , United States . The population was 11,230 as of the 2010 census . Fredonia is in the town of Pomfret south of Lake Erie . The village borders the city of Dunkirk and is the home of the State University of New York at Fredonia ( in the northwest part of the village ) . Fredonia is one of only twelve villages in New York still incorporated under a charter , the other villages having incorporated or re-incorporated under the provisions of Village Law ." } ] }, { "value": "Centro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Central_New_York_Regional_Transportation_Authority", "summary": "The Central New York Regional Transportation Authority ( d/b/a Centro ) is a New York State public benefit corporation and the operator of mass transit in Onondaga , Oswego , Cayuga , and Oneida counties in New York state . The CNYRTA was formed on August 1 , 1970 , along with similar agencies in Rochester , Albany , and Buffalo . CENTRO won the American Public Transportation Association 's 2006 Outstanding Public Transportation System Achievement Award for bus companies serving 4 million to 30 million riders a year ." } ] }, { "value": "Onondaga , Oswego , Cayuga , and Oneida counties", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York", "summary": "Onondaga County ( /ˌɒnənˈdɑːɡə/ ON-ən-DAH-gə ) is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 467,026 . The county seat is Syracuse . Onondaga County is part of the Syracuse NY Metropolitan Statistical Area . J. Ryan McMahon , II ( R ) is the current County Executive ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York", "summary": "Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 122,109 . The county seat is Oswego . The county name is from a Mohawk language word meaning the outpouring , referring to the mouth of the Oswego River . Oswego County is part of the Syracuse , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York", "summary": "Cayuga County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 80,026 . Its county seat and largest city is Auburn . The county was named for one of the tribes of Indians in the Iroquois Confederation . Cayuga County comprises the Auburn , NY Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Syracuse-Auburn , NY Combined Statistical Area ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York", "summary": "Oneida County is a county located in the state of New York , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 234,878 . The county seat is Utica . The name is in honor of the Oneida , one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois League or Haudenosaunee , which had long occupied this territory at the time of European encounter and colonization . The federally recognized Oneida Indian Nation has had a reservation in the region since the late 18th century , after the American Revolutionary War . Oneida County is part of the Utica-Rome , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area ." } ] }, { "value": "Syracuse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York", "summary": "Syracuse ( /ˈsɪrəkjuːz , ˈsɛr- , -kjuːs/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County , New York , United States . It is the fifth-most populous city in the state of New York following New York City , Buffalo , Rochester , and Yonkers . At the 2010 census , the city population was 145,252 , and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577 . It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York , a region with over one million inhabitants . Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites , with a downtown convention complex . Syracuse was named after the classical Greek city Syracuse ( Siracusa in Italian ) , a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily . The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries , first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals , then of the railway network . Today , Syracuse is at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90 . Its airport is the largest in the region . Syracuse is home to Syracuse University , a major D-1 research university ; Le Moyne College , a nationally recognized jesuit liberal arts college ; SUNY Upstate Medical University , a public medical school ; and SUNY ESF , a public university focusing on forestry , the environment , and natural resources ." } ] }, { "value": "City of Poughkeepsie Transit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/City_of_Poughkeepsie_Transit", "summary": "City of Poughkeepsie Transit was the municipal bus system serving the City of Poughkeepsie , New York as well as parts of the Town of Poughkeepsie and Hyde Park . The system operated five different regular routes and a service which served students at Poughkeepsie Middle School and Poughkeepsie High School . All buses ran mostly as unidirectional loops and met at the corner of Main and Market streets adjacent to the west end of the former Main Mall . Buses ran hourly middays , every 30-45 minutes in peak periods . Service within these areas is now provided by the Dutchess County Public Transit system , a division of the Dutchess County Division of Public Transit ." } ] }, { "value": "Poughkeepsie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York", "summary": "Poughkeepsie ( /pəˈkɪpsi/ pə-KIP-see ) , officially the City of Poughkeepsie , separate from the Town of Poughkeepsie , is a city in the U.S. state of New York . Poughkeepsie is the county seat of Dutchess County . With a 2018 census-estimated population of 30,356 , Poughkeepsie is in the Hudson River Valley region , midway between the core of the New York megacity and the state capital of Albany . It is a principal city of the Poughkeepsie - Newburgh - Middletown metropolitan statistical area , which belongs to the New York - New Jersey - Connecticut CSA . Poughkeepsie is served by the nearby Hudson Valley Regional Airport , and New York Stewart International Airport in Orange County . Poughkeepsie has been called The Queen City of the Hudson . It was settled in the 17th century by the Dutch and became New York State 's second capital shortly after the American Revolution . It was chartered as a city in 1854 . Major bridges in the city include the Walkway over the Hudson , a former railroad bridge ( originally called the Poughkeepsie Bridge ) which re-opened as a public walkway on October 3 , 2009 ; and the Mid-Hudson Bridge , a major thoroughfare built in 1930 that carries U.S. Route 44 ( concurrent with State Route 55 ) over the Hudson . The city of Poughkeepsie lies in New York 's 18th congressional district . Situated between the Lower Hudson and the Capital District regions , Poughkeepsie 's economy is stimulated by several major Northeastern U.S. corporations including ShopRite , Stop & Shop , Barnes & Noble , Rite Aid , Dunkin ' , Marshalls , Verizon Communications , M & T Bank , Chase Bank and Charter Communications . Other major businesses include Best Buy , Big Lots , Metro by T-Mobile , Cricket Wireless , and Boost Mobile ." } ] }, { "value": "Poughkeepsie", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Clarkstown Mini-Trans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Clarkstown_Mini-Trans", "summary": "Clarkstown is a town in Rockland County , New York , United States . The town is on the eastern border of the county , located north of the town of Orangetown , east of the town of Ramapo , south of the town of Haverstraw , and west of the Hudson River . As of the 2010 census , the town had a total population of 84,187 . The community of New City , the county seat of Rockland County , is also the seat of town government and of the Clarkstown Police Department , the county sheriff 's police office , and the county correctional facility . New City makes up about 41.47% of the town 's population . In 2008 , Clarkstown became one of 600 municipalities nationwide to sign the United States Mayor 's Climate Protection Agreement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to 7 percent below the 1990 levels by 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Clarkstown", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Clarkstown,_New_York", "summary": "Clarkstown is a town in Rockland County , New York , United States . The town is on the eastern border of the county , located north of the town of Orangetown , east of the town of Ramapo , south of the town of Haverstraw , and west of the Hudson River . As of the 2010 census , the town had a total population of 84,187 . The community of New City , the county seat of Rockland County , is also the seat of town government and of the Clarkstown Police Department , the county sheriff 's police office , and the county correctional facility . New City makes up about 41.47% of the town 's population . In 2008 , Clarkstown became one of 600 municipalities nationwide to sign the United States Mayor 's Climate Protection Agreement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to 7 percent below the 1990 levels by 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Clarkstown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dutchess LOOP", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dutchess_LOOP", "summary": "The Dutchess County Public Transit is the bus service provided by the Dutchess County Division of Public Transit in Dutchess County , New York . Dutchess County Public Transit provides a variety of bus services throughout Dutchess County ranging from fixed-route services , centered primarily along the Route 9 corridor , rail shuttles to/from Hudson Line stations , and demand response/deviated flex services . LOOP ( the previous name ) , and the Division of Public Transit , was created in the early-1970s as the assumption of a variety of private line runs that had served various parts of the county ." } ] }, { "value": "Dutchess County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dutchess_County", "summary": "Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 297,488 . The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie . The county was created in 1683 , one of New York 's first twelve counties , and later organized in 1713 . It is located in the Mid-Hudson Region of the Hudson Valley , north of New York City . Dutchess County is part of the Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown Metropolitan Statistical Area , which belongs to the larger New York-Newark-Bridgeport , NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area ." } ] }, { "value": "Poughkeepsie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York", "summary": "Poughkeepsie ( /pəˈkɪpsi/ pə-KIP-see ) , officially the City of Poughkeepsie , separate from the Town of Poughkeepsie , is a city in the U.S. state of New York . Poughkeepsie is the county seat of Dutchess County . With a 2018 census-estimated population of 30,356 , Poughkeepsie is in the Hudson River Valley region , midway between the core of the New York megacity and the state capital of Albany . It is a principal city of the Poughkeepsie - Newburgh - Middletown metropolitan statistical area , which belongs to the New York - New Jersey - Connecticut CSA . Poughkeepsie is served by the nearby Hudson Valley Regional Airport , and New York Stewart International Airport in Orange County . Poughkeepsie has been called The Queen City of the Hudson . It was settled in the 17th century by the Dutch and became New York State 's second capital shortly after the American Revolution . It was chartered as a city in 1854 . Major bridges in the city include the Walkway over the Hudson , a former railroad bridge ( originally called the Poughkeepsie Bridge ) which re-opened as a public walkway on October 3 , 2009 ; and the Mid-Hudson Bridge , a major thoroughfare built in 1930 that carries U.S. Route 44 ( concurrent with State Route 55 ) over the Hudson . The city of Poughkeepsie lies in New York 's 18th congressional district . Situated between the Lower Hudson and the Capital District regions , Poughkeepsie 's economy is stimulated by several major Northeastern U.S. corporations including ShopRite , Stop & Shop , Barnes & Noble , Rite Aid , Dunkin ' , Marshalls , Verizon Communications , M & T Bank , Chase Bank and Charter Communications . Other major businesses include Best Buy , Big Lots , Metro by T-Mobile , Cricket Wireless , and Boost Mobile ." } ] }, { "value": "Huntington Area Rapid Transit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Huntington_Area_Rapid_Transit", "summary": "Huntington Area Rapid Transit is a bus system exclusively within the Town of Huntington in the state of New York . It began service operations in 1978 . The system is completely separate from Suffolk County Transit ." } ] }, { "value": "Huntington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Huntington,_New_York", "summary": "The Town of Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County , New York , United States . Founded in 1653 , it is located on the north shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County , with Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west . Huntington is part of the New York metropolitan area . As of the United States 2010 Census , the town population was 203,264 . Huntington is the only township in the United States to ban self-service gas stations at the town level . Along with New Jersey and Oregon , they are the only three places in the country where full-service gas stations are compulsory ." } ] }, { "value": "Huntington", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Long Beach Bus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Long_Beach_Bus", "summary": "Long Beach Bus is a public transportation system serving Greater Long Beach on the south shore of Long Island , New York . The service operates twenty-four hours a day , with five different routes connecting to one another and to Nassau Inter-County Express and Long Island Rail Road at Long Beach Station in the city center . Although Long Beach Bus is designed to complement county bus and commuter rail service , it is run independently by Long Beach DOT ." } ] }, { "value": "Long Beach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_York", "summary": "Long Beach is a city in Nassau County , New York . Just south of Long Island , it is on Long Beach Barrier Island , which is the westernmost of the outer barrier islands off Long Island 's South Shore . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city population was 33,275 . It was incorporated in 1922 , and is nicknamed The City By the Sea ( as seen in Latin on its official seal ) . The city of Long Beach is surrounded by Reynolds Channel to the north , east and west , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south ." } ] }, { "value": "Long Beach", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MTA Bus Company", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MTA_Bus_Company", "summary": "MTA Regional Bus Operations ( RBO ) is the surface transit division of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ) . It was created in 2008 to consolidate all bus operations in New York City operated by the MTA . As of February 2018 [ update ] , MTA Regional Bus Operations runs 234 local routes , 71 express routes , and 20 Select Bus Service routes . Its fleet of 5,725 buses is the largest municipal bus fleet in the United States and operates 24/7 . The division comprises two brands : MTA Bus and MTA New York City Bus . While MTA Bus is an amalgamation of former private companies ' routes , MTA New York City Bus is composed of public routes that were taken over by the city before 2005 . The MTA also operates paratransit services and formerly operated Long Island Bus . As of 2018 [ update ] , MTA Regional Bus Operations ' budgetary burden for expenditures was $ 773 million ." } ] }, { "value": "New York City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_City", "summary": "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ." } ] }, { "value": "New York City", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nassau Inter-County Express", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nassau_Inter-County_Express", "summary": "The Nassau Inter-County Express ( NICE ) is the local bus system serving Nassau County , New York . It also serves parts of western Suffolk County , New York as well as eastern portions of the New York City borough of Queens . It was formerly operated under the name of MTA Long Island Bus , the trading name of the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority , a division of MTA Regional Bus Operations . In 2011 , the owner , Nassau County , decided to outsource the system to a private operator , the French multinational corporation , Veolia Transport ( now Transdev ) , due to a funding dispute with the MTA ." } ] }, { "value": "Nassau County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York", "summary": "Nassau County ( /ˈnæsɔː/ or /ˈnæsaʊ/ ) is a county in the U.S. state of New York . At the 2010 census , the county 's population was 1,339,532 , estimated to have increased to 1,358,343 in 2018 . The county seat is Mineola and the largest town is Hempstead . Nassau County is situated on western Long Island , bordering New York City 's borough of Queens to the west , and Suffolk County to the east . It is the most densely populated and second-most populous county in New York state outside of New York City , with which it maintains extensive rail and highway connectivity , and is considered one of the central counties within the New York metropolitan area . Nassau County contains two cities , three towns , 64 incorporated villages , and more than 60 unincorporated hamlets . Nassau County has a designated police department , fire commission , and elected executive and legislative bodies . A 2012 Forbes article based on the American Community Survey reported Nassau County as the most expensive county and one of the highest income counties in the United States , and the most affluent in the state of New York , with four of the nation 's top ten towns by median income located in the county . Nassau County high school students often feature prominently as winners of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair and similar STEM-based academic awards ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New York City Transit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_buses", "summary": "MTA Regional Bus Operations ( RBO ) is the surface transit division of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( MTA ) . It was created in 2008 to consolidate all bus operations in New York City operated by the MTA . As of February 2018 [ update ] , MTA Regional Bus Operations runs 234 local routes , 71 express routes , and 20 Select Bus Service routes . Its fleet of 5,725 buses is the largest municipal bus fleet in the United States and operates 24/7 . The division comprises two brands : MTA Bus and MTA New York City Bus . While MTA Bus is an amalgamation of former private companies ' routes , MTA New York City Bus is composed of public routes that were taken over by the city before 2005 . The MTA also operates paratransit services and formerly operated Long Island Bus . As of 2018 [ update ] , MTA Regional Bus Operations ' budgetary burden for expenditures was $ 773 million ." } ] }, { "value": "New York City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_City", "summary": "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ." } ] }, { "value": "New York City", "urls": [] }, { "value": "NFTA Metro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Niagara_Frontier_Transportation_Authority", "summary": "The Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority ( NFTA ) is a New York State public-benefit corporation responsible for the public transportation oversight of Erie and Niagara counties , overseeing a number of subsidiaries , including the NFTA Metro bus and rail system , the Buffalo-Niagara International Airport , the Niagara Falls International Airport and NFTA Small Boat Harbor . The NFTA Metro bus and rail system is a multi-modal agency , utilizing various vehicle modes ( diesel bus , diesel-hybrid bus , CNG bus , light rail and cut-away van ) , using the brand names : NFTA Metro Bus , NFTA Metro Rail , NFTA Metrolink and NFTA PAL ( Paratransit Access Line ) . In addition , the NFTA also owns and manages a number of properties , including the Buffalo Metropolitan Transportation Center in Downtown Buffalo ( which serves as the agency 's headquarters ) ; the Niagara Falls Transportation Center on Factory Outlet Blvd . ; the Portage Road Transit Center in Niagara Falls ; and a number of strategically located bus loops and transit centers in the Buffalo Niagara region . Of note , many of the bus loops have been in continuous operation since the days of the International Railway Company , a predecessor to the NFTA . Agency-wide , the NFTA employs 1,500 full-time and part-time employees . There are three business centers that operate as the NFTA organization : Surface Transportation , which handles ground transportation throughout Erie and Niagara counties , Aviation , which handles air related business at the Buffalo-Niagara International Airport and Niagara Falls International Airport and Property Risk/Management , which operates the NFTA-Boat Harbor and handles other properties that are owned and/or operated by the NFTA ." } ] }, { "value": "Erie and Niagara counties", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York", "summary": "Erie County is a highly populated county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 919,040 . The county seat is Buffalo . The county 's name comes from Lake Erie . It was named by European colonists for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans , who lived south and east of the lake before 1654 . ( They were pushed out of the area by the more powerful Iroquoian nations . ) Since the late 20th century , Erie County has been considered part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area . The county 's southern part is known as the Southtowns ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Niagara_County,_New_York", "summary": "Niagara County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 216,469 . The county seat is Lockport . The county name is from the Iroquois word Onguiaahra ; meaning the strait or thunder of waters . Niagara County is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area , and across the Canada-US border is the province of Ontario . It is the location of Niagara Falls and Fort Niagara , and has many parks and lake shore recreation communities . In the summer of 2008 , Niagara County celebrated its 200th birthday with the first town of the county , Town of Cambria ." } ] }, { "value": "Buffalo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York", "summary": "Buffalo is the second largest city in the U.S. state of New York and the largest city in Western New York . As of 2018 [ update ] , the population was 256,304 . The city is the county seat of Erie County and a major gateway for commerce and travel across the Canada-United States border , forming part of the bi-national Buffalo Niagara Region . As of the April 1 , 2010 , the metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) had a population of 1,135,509 ; the combined statistical area ( CSA ) , which adds Cattaraugus County , had a population of 1,215,826 inhabitants . The Buffalo area was inhabited before the 17th century by the Native American Iroquois tribe and later by French colonizers . The city grew significantly in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of immigration , the construction of the Erie Canal and rail transportation , and its close proximity to Lake Erie . This growth provided an abundance of fresh water and an ample trade route to the Midwestern United States while grooming its economy for the grain , steel and automobile industries that dominated the city 's economy in the 20th century . Since the city 's economy relied heavily on manufacturing , deindustrialization in the latter half of the 20th century led to a steady decline in population . While some manufacturing activity remains , Buffalo 's economy has transitioned to service industries with a greater emphasis on healthcare , research and higher education , which emerged following the Great Recession . Buffalo is on the eastern shore of Lake Erie , at the head of the Niagara River , 16 miles ( 26 km ) south of Niagara Falls . Its early embrace of electric power led to the nickname The City of Light . The city is also famous for its urban planning and layout by Joseph Ellicott , an extensive system of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted , as well as significant architectural works ." } ] }, { "value": "Kingston Citibus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingston_Citibus", "summary": "Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Ulster County , New York , United States . It is 91 miles ( 146 km ) north of New York City and 59 miles ( 95 km ) south of Albany . The city 's metropolitan area is grouped with the New York metropolitan area around Manhattan by the United States Census Bureau , It became New York 's first capital in 1777 . During the American Revolutionary War , the city was burned by the British on October 13 , 1777 , after the Battles of Saratoga . In the 19th century , the city became an important transport hub after the discovery of natural cement in the region . It had connections to other markets through both the railroad and canal connections . Many of the older buildings are considered contributing as part of three historic districts , including the Stockade District uptown , the Midtown Neighborhood Broadway Corridor , and the Rondout-West Strand Historic District downtown . Each district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places ." } ] }, { "value": "Kingston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingston,_New_York", "summary": "Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Ulster County , New York , United States . It is 91 miles ( 146 km ) north of New York City and 59 miles ( 95 km ) south of Albany . The city 's metropolitan area is grouped with the New York metropolitan area around Manhattan by the United States Census Bureau , It became New York 's first capital in 1777 . During the American Revolutionary War , the city was burned by the British on October 13 , 1777 , after the Battles of Saratoga . In the 19th century , the city became an important transport hub after the discovery of natural cement in the region . It had connections to other markets through both the railroad and canal connections . Many of the older buildings are considered contributing as part of three historic districts , including the Stockade District uptown , the Midtown Neighborhood Broadway Corridor , and the Rondout-West Strand Historic District downtown . Each district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places ." } ] }, { "value": "Kingston", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Putnam Transit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Putnam_Transit", "summary": "Putnam Transit or Putnam Area Rapid Transit ( PART ) is the provider of bus transit in Putnam County , New York . An agency of the Putnam County government , Putnam Transit came into service in the mid-1970s as a startup system in the wake of growing suburbanization of Putnam County and rising gas prices . Vehicles and routes are owned by Putnam County , and service is provided under contract to the county by MV Transportation ." } ] }, { "value": "Putnam County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York", "summary": "Putnam County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 99,710 . The county seat is Carmel . Putnam County formed in 1812 from Dutchess County and is named for Israel Putnam , a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War . Putnam County is included in the New York-Newark-Jersey City , NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is located in the lower Hudson River Valley . Midtown Manhattan is around a one-hour drive , and Grand Central Terminal is approximately 1 hour , 20 minute train ride from the county . It is one of the most affluent counties in America , ranked 21st by median household income , and 43rd by per-capita income , according to the 2012 American Community Survey and 2009-2013 American Community Survey , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Brewster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brewster,_New_York", "summary": "Brewster is a village within the town of Southeast in Putnam County , New York , United States . Its population was 2,390 at the 2010 census . The village , which is the most densely populated portion of the county , was named for two early farmer landowners , Walter and James Brewster ." } ] }, { "value": "Red Bus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Operating_Corporation", "summary": "The Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation ( RIOC ) is a New York State public-benefit corporation responsible for developing Roosevelt Island , a small strip of land in the East River , part of the borough of Manhattan ." } ] }, { "value": "Roosevelt Island", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roosevelt_Island", "summary": "Roosevelt Island is a narrow island in New York City 's East River , within the borough of Manhattan . It lies between Manhattan Island to its west and the borough of Queens , on Long Island , to its east . Running from the equivalent of East 46th to 85th Streets on Manhattan Island , it is about 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) long , with a maximum width of 800 feet ( 240 m ) , and a total area of 147 acres ( 0.59 km2 ) . Together with Mill Rock , Roosevelt Island constitutes Manhattan 's Census Tract 238 , which has a land area of 0.279 sq mi ( 0.72 km2 ) , and had a population of 9,520 as of the 2000 United States Census . [ note 1 ] It had a population of 11,661 as of the 2010 United States Census . The island was called Minnehanonck by the Lenape and Varkens Eylandt ( Hog Island ) by New Netherlanders , and during the colonial era and later as Blackwell 's Island . It was known as Welfare Island when it was used principally for hospitals , from 1921 to 1973 . It was renamed Roosevelt Island ( after Franklin D. Roosevelt ) in 1973 . Roosevelt Island is owned by the city but was leased to the New York State Urban Development Corporation for 99 years in 1969 . Most of the residential buildings on Roosevelt Island are rental buildings . There is also a cooperative named Rivercross and a condominium building named Riverwalk . One rental building ( Eastwood ) has left New York State 's Mitchell-Lama Housing Program , though current residents are still protected ." } ] }, { "value": "Roosevelt Island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regional Transit Service", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rochester-Genesee_Regional_Transportation_Authority", "summary": "The Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority ( RGRTA ) is a New York State public-benefit corporation which provides transportation services in the eight-county area in and around Rochester , New York . Currently , RGRTA oversees the daily operation of eleven subsidiaries under the parent company of the RGRTA , including paratransit services ." } ] }, { "value": "Monroe , Genesee , Livingston , Orleans , Wayne , Wyoming and Seneca counties", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York", "summary": "Monroe County is a county in the western portion of the state of New York , in the United States . The county is along Lake Ontario 's southern shore . As of 2018 , Monroe County 's population was 742,474 , a decrease since the 2010 census . Its county seat and largest city is the city of Rochester . The county is named after James Monroe , the fifth President of the United States . Monroe County is part of the Rochester , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area . The current County Executive is Adam Bello ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Genesee_County,_New_York", "summary": "Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 60,079 . Its county seat is Batavia . Its name is from the Seneca Indian word Gen-nis'-hee-yo , meaning the Beautiful Valley . The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803 . Genesee County comprises the Batavia , NY micropolitan statistical area , which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls , NY combined statistical area . It is in Western New York ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Livingston_County,_New_York", "summary": "Livingston County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 65,393 . Its county seat is Geneseo . The county is named after Robert R. Livingston , who helped draft the Declaration of Independence and negotiated the Louisiana Purchase . Livingston County is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Orleans_County,_New_York", "summary": "Orleans County is a county in the western part of the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 42,883 . The county seat is Albion . The county received its name at the insistence of Nehemiah Ingersoll though historians are unsure how the name was selected . The two competing theories are that it was named to honor the French Royal House of Orleans or that it was to honor Andrew Jackson 's victory in New Orleans . Located on the south shore of Lake Ontario , Orleans County since the late 20th century has been considered part of the Rochester , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York", "summary": "Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the population was 93,772 . The county seat is Lyons . The name honors General Anthony Wayne , an American Revolutionary War hero and American statesman . Wayne County is less than 50 miles west of , and is in the same Congressional District as , Syracuse . Wayne County has been considered to be part of the Rochester , NY Metropolitan Statistical Area and lies on the south shore of Lake Ontario , forming part of the northern border of the United States with Canada . Its location during the early westward expansion of the United States , on an international border and in a fertile farming region , has contributed to a rich cultural and economic history . Two world religions sprung from within its borders , and its inhabitants played important roles in abolitionism in the years leading up to the American Civil War . Nineteenth century War of 1812 skirmishes , Great Lakes sailing ship commerce and Erie Canal barge traffic have yielded to contemporary recognition as one of the world 's most productive fruit growing regions . Wayne County ranks as New York 's top apple producing county ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wyoming_County,_New_York", "summary": "Wyoming County is a county in the U.S. state of New York in the state 's western area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 42,155 . The county seat is Warsaw . The name is modified from a Lenape ( Delaware ) Indian word meaning broad bottom lands . Wyoming County was formed from Genesee County in 1841 . Wyoming County is one of New York 's most heavily agricultural counties . With an estimated 47,500 dairy cows in the county , there are more cattle in Wyoming County than people ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Seneca_County,_New_York", "summary": "Seneca County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 35,251 . The primary county seat is Waterloo , moved there from the original county seat of Ovid in 1819 . It became a two-shire county in 1822 , which currently remains in effect , using both locations as county seats although the majority of Seneca County administrative offices are located in Waterloo . Therefore , most political sources only list Waterloo as the county seat . The county 's name is from the Iroquois ( Seneca ) that occupied part of the region . Seneca County comprises the Seneca Falls , NY Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls , NY Combined Statistical Area ." } ] }, { "value": "Rochester", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rochester,_New_York", "summary": "Rochester ( /ˈrɒtʃɛstər , -ɪs-/ ) is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in western New York and the seat of Monroe County . With a population of 208,046 , Rochester is the third most populous city in New York state , after New York City and Buffalo . The metropolitan area has a population of just over one million people . It is about 73 miles ( 117 km ) east of Buffalo and 87 miles ( 140 km ) west of Syracuse . Rochester was one of the United States ' first boom towns , initially due to the fertile Genesee River Valley , which gave rise to numerous flour mills , and then as a manufacturing hub . Several of the region 's universities ( notably the University of Rochester and Rochester Institute of Technology ) have renowned research programs . [ citation needed ] The area is the birthplace of Kodak , Paychex , Western Union , French 's , Bausch & Lomb , Gleason , Ragú and Xerox , which conduct extensive research and manufacturing of industrial and consumer products . Until 2010 , the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State , after the New York City metropolitan area . Rochester 's GMP has since ranked just below Buffalo 's , while exceeding it in per-capita income . In 2007 , the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester the most livable city among 379 U.S. metropolitan areas . In 2010 Forbes rated Rochester the third-best place to raise a family in the United States . In 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester the fifth-best city in the United States for families , citing low cost of living , top public schools , and a low unemployment rate ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Lawrence County Commuter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Lawrence_County_Public_Transportation", "summary": "St. Lawrence County Public Transportation was a transit bus service in St. Lawrence County , New York . It was the main function of Roethel Coach Lines ( founded in 1969 ) . Roethel is now a FedEx affiliate and no longer runs commuter bus services ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Lawrence County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York", "summary": "St. Lawrence County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the population was 111,944 . The county seat is Canton . The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River , which in turn was named for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome , on whose Feast day the river was visited by French explorer Jacques Cartier . St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena , NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York 's largest county by area ." } ] }, { "value": "Canton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canton_(town),_New_York", "summary": "Canton is a town in St. Lawrence County , New York , United States formerly belonging to six Native American nations within the Iroquois Confederacy . The population was 10,995 at the 2010 census . The town contains two villages : one also named Canton , the other named Rensselaer Falls . The town is named after the great port of Canton ( now named Guangzhou ) in China . Canton is the home of St. Lawrence University and SUNY Canton . Canton Central School District is centered in the village of Canton ." } ] }, { "value": "Suffolk County Transit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Suffolk_County_Transit", "summary": "Suffolk County Transit is the provider of bus services in Suffolk County , New York on Long Island in the United States and is an agency of the Suffolk County government . It was founded in 1980 as a county-run oversight and funding agency for a group of private contract operators which had previously provided such services on their own . While the physical maintenance and operation of the buses continue to be provided by these providers , other matters ranging from bus purchases to route and schedule planning to fare rules are set by Suffolk Transit itself . Though serving the entirety of Suffolk County , the one exception is in Huntington , located in the northwestern part of the county , where that town 's private operator declined to join Suffolk Transit . Instead , Huntington took over that town 's system which became Huntington Area Rapid Transit , or HART . Most of HART 's routes do connect to both Suffolk Transit and Nassau Inter-County Express and one can transfer between HART and Suffolk Transit fairly easily . In addition , the village of Patchogue has its own local bus service ." } ] }, { "value": "Suffolk County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York", "summary": "Suffolk County /ˈsʌfək/ is a predominantly suburban county on Long Island and the easternmost county in the U.S. state of New York . As of the 2010 census , the county 's population was 1,493,350 , estimated to have decreased slightly to 1,481,093 in 2018 , making it the fourth-most populous county in New York . Its county seat is Riverhead , though most county offices are in Hauppauge . The county was named after the county of Suffolk in England , from where its earliest European settlers came . Suffolk County incorporates the easternmost extreme of the New York City metropolitan area . The largest of Long Island 's four counties and the second-largest of 62 counties in New York State , Suffolk measures 86 miles ( 138 km ) in length and 26 miles ( 42 km ) in width at its widest ( including water ) . Major scientific research facilities in Suffolk County include Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Huntington , and Plum Island Animal Disease Center on Plum Island ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "New York", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States_32", "intro": "The following is a list of presently-operating bus transit systems in the United States with regular service. The list excludes charter buses, private bus operators, paratransit systems, and trolleybus systems. Figures for daily ridership, number of vehicles, and daily vehicle revenue miles are accurate as of 2009 and come from the FTA National Transit Database." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Kenya", "title": "List of power stations in Kenya", "header": [ "Station", "Type", "Capacity ( MW )", "Commissioned", "Location 0°47'43.0S 37°45'09.0E" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gitaru Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gitaru_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Gitaru Hydroelectric Power Station , also known as the Gitaru Dam , is a rock and earth-filled embankment dam on the Tana River in Kenya . It straddles the border between Embu and Machakos Counties in the Eastern Province . The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation , and it supports a 225 megawatt power station . Construction on the dam began in 1975 and was completed in 1978 . The third generating set , mobilising the full potential of the power station was not commissioned until 1999 . US $ 63 million in funding for the project was provided by the World Bank . The station is operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company and is part of the Seven Forks Scheme . The 30 m ( 98 ft ) tall dam withholds a 16,000,000 m3 ( 13,000 acre⋅ft ) reservoir . The relatively small reservoir relies on steady releases from the Masinga and Kamburu Dams upstream . The run-of-the-river power station is located underground near the left abutment . It contains two 72 megawatt and one 81 megawatt Francis turbine-generators . Water released from the station is returned to the Tana at the Kindaruma Reservoir via a 4.7 km ( 2.9 mi ) long tailrace tunnel ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "225", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°47′43″S 37°45′09″E / 0.79528°S 37.75250°E / -0.79528 ; 37.75250 ( Gitaru Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kiambere Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kiambere_Hydro_Power_Plant", "summary": "The Kiambere Hydroelectric Power Station is an earth-filled embankment dam on the Tana River near Kiambere , Kenya . It straddles the border of Embu and Kitui Counties in Eastern Province . The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 165 MW power station . Construction on the dam began in 1983 and it was completed in 1987 . The power station was commissioned in 1988 . Beginning in 2008 both turbine-generators were upgraded from 72 MW to 82.5 MW . They were commissioned in 2009 . US $ 95 million in funding for the original project was provided by the World Bank . The power station is operated by Kenya Electricity Generating Company and is part of the Seven Forks Scheme . The 110 m ( 360 ft ) tall dam withholds a 585,000,000 m3 ( 474,000 acre⋅ft ) reservoir with the assistance of another earth-fill saddle dam to the northwest . Water from an intake on the saddle dam travels through a 4,060 m ( 13,320 ft ) headrace tunnel to the power station which is located underground . It contains two 82.5 MW Francis turbine-generators ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "165", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1988", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kindaruma Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kindaruma_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Kindaruma Hydroelectric Power Station , also Kindaruma Dam is an embankment dam with two gravity dam sections on the Tana River in Kenya . It straddles the border of Embu and Machakos counties in Kenya . The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 72 megawatts ( 97,000 hp ) power station . It is Kenya 's first post-independence hydroelectric power plant . It was commissioned in 1968 as part of the Seven Forks Scheme . The power station is operated by Kenya Electricity Generating Company . Between 2007 and 2013 the power stationed underwent a rehabilitation and upgrade which increased its installed capacity from 40 MW to 72 MW . In June 2012 a third Kaplan turbine-generator , rated at 24 MW , was commissioned . In January and June 2013 , the original two 20 MW Kaplan turbine-generators were upgraded to 24 MW each , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "72", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°48′38″S 37°48′46″E / 0.81056°S 37.81278°E / -0.81056 ; 37.81278 ( Kindaruma Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Masinga Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Masinga_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "Masinga Hydroelectric Power Station , also Masinga Dam , is an embankment dam on the Tana River , the longest river in Kenya . It straddles the border of Embu and Machakos Counties in Eastern Province and is located about 106 km . ( 66 mi . ) , by road , northeast of Nairobi , Kenya 's capital and largest city . Construction of the dam began in 1978 . The dam was completed in 1981 . It is owned by Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority ( TARDA ) . The dam is used for power production and is part of the Seven Forks Scheme ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1981", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°53′21″S 37°35′40″E / 0.88917°S 37.59444°E / -0.88917 ; 37.59444 ( Masinga Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gogo Power Station", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "2.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1957", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kamburu Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kamburu_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Kamburu Hydroelectric Power Station , also Kamburu Dam is a rock-filled embankment dam on the Tana River in Kenya . It straddles the border of Embu and Machakos Counties in Eastern Province . The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 93 MW power station . Construction on the dam began in 1971 and it was completed in 1975 . The power station was commissioned the same year . US $ 23 million of the US $ 47 million project cost was provided by the World Bank . The power station is operated by Kenya Electricity Generating Company and is part of the Seven Forks Scheme . The 52 m ( 171 ft ) tall dam creates a reservoir with a storage capacity of 123,000,000 m3 ( 100,000 acre⋅ft ) . The power station is located underground just below the left toe and contains three 31 MW Francis turbine-generators . The difference in elevation between the reservoir and power station affords a net hydraulic head of 82 m ( 269 ft ) . Water discharged from the power station travels down a 3,040 m ( 9,970 ft ) long tailrace tunnel before reaching the Tana at Gitaru Reservoir ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "93", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1974", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°48′21″S 37°41′08″E / 0.80583°S 37.68556°E / -0.80583 ; 37.68556 ( Kamburu Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mesco Power Station", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "0.4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1930", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ndula Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ndula_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Ndula Hydroelectric Power Station is a 2.0 MW ( 2,700 hp ) hydroelectric power station on the Thika River in Kenya ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "2.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1924", "urls": [] }, { "value": "01°01′35″S 37°14′36″E / 1.02639°S 37.24333°E / -1.02639 ; 37.24333 ( Ndula Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sagana Power Station", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "1.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1956", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sang'oro Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sang'oro_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Sang'oro Hydroelectric Power Station is a 20.2 MW ( 27,100 hp ) hydroelectric power station on the Sondu River in Kenya ." } ] }, { "value": "Run of river", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Run_of_river", "summary": "Run-of-river hydroelectricity ( ROR ) or run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation plant whereby little or no water storage is provided . Run-of-the-river power plants may have no water storage at all or a limited amount of storage , in which case the storage reservoir is referred to as pondage . A plant without pondage is subject to seasonal river flows , thus the plant will operate as an intermittent energy source . Conventional hydro uses reservoirs , which regulate water for flood control and dispatchable electrical power ." } ] }, { "value": "21.2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°21′13″S 34°48′48″E / 0.35361°S 34.81333°E / -0.35361 ; 34.81333 ( Sang'oro Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sondu Miriu Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sondu_Miriu_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Sondu Miriu Hydroelectric Power Station is a hydroelectric power station on the Sondu River in Kenya ." } ] }, { "value": "Run of river", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Run_of_river", "summary": "Run-of-river hydroelectricity ( ROR ) or run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation plant whereby little or no water storage is provided . Run-of-the-river power plants may have no water storage at all or a limited amount of storage , in which case the storage reservoir is referred to as pondage . A plant without pondage is subject to seasonal river flows , thus the plant will operate as an intermittent energy source . Conventional hydro uses reservoirs , which regulate water for flood control and dispatchable electrical power ." } ] }, { "value": "60", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°20′33″S 34°51′08″E / 0.34250°S 34.85222°E / -0.34250 ; 34.85222 ( Sondu Miriu Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tana Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tana_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Tana Hydroelectric Power Station is a 20 MW ( 27,000 hp ) hydroelectric power station on the Tana River in southern Kenya ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°47′08″S 37°15′55″E / 0.78556°S 37.26528°E / -0.78556 ; 37.26528 ( Tana Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Turkwel Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Turkwel_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Turkwel Hydroelectric Power Station , also Turkwel Dam , is an arch dam on the Turkwel River about 76 km ( 47 mi ) north of Kapenguria in West Pokot County , Kenya . The dam serves several purposes to include hydroelectric power production , irrigation tourism and fisheries . It was constructed between 1986 and 1991 . It supports the third largest hydroelectric power plant in the country , having an installed electric capacity of 106 megawatts ( 142,000 hp ) . The dam , Kenya 's tallest , has a height of 153 metres ( 502 ft ) , crest length of 150 m , dam volume of 170,000 cubic metres ( 6,000,000 cu ft ) and retains a water volume of 1,641 million cubic metres ( 1,330,000 acre⋅ft ) . The power station is located underground downstream and contains two 56 MW Francis turbine-generators . The difference in elevation between the reservoir and power station afford a net hydraulic head of 356 m ( 1,168 ft ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "106", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "01°55′00″N 35°20′30″E / 1.91667°N 35.34167°E / 1.91667 ; 35.34167 ( Turkwel Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wanjii_Hydroelectric_Power_Station", "summary": "The Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station is a 7.4 MW ( 9,900 hp ) hydroelectric power station in Kenya ." } ] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "7.4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1952", "urls": [] }, { "value": "00°44′58″S 37°10′29″E / 0.74944°S 37.17472°E / -0.74944 ; 37.17472 ( Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sosiani Power Station", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Reservoir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reservoir", "summary": "A reservoir ( from French réservoir - a tank ) is , most commonly , an enlarged natural or artificial lake , pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water . Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways , including controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water , interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it , through excavation , or building any number of retaining walls or levees . Defined as a storage space for fluids , reservoirs may hold water or gasses , including hydrocarbons . Tank reservoirs store these in ground-level , elevated , or buried tanks . Tank reservoirs for water are also called cisterns . Most underground reservoirs are used to store liquids , principally either water or petroleum , below ground ." } ] }, { "value": "0.4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Hydroelectric", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_power_stations_in_Kenya_1", "intro": "The following page lists power stations in Kenya." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "title": "Soviet Union at the 1972 Winter Olympics", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Sport", "Event" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aleksandr Tikhonov Rinnat Safin Ivan Biakov Viktor Mamatov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aleksandr_Tikhonov", "summary": "Alexander Ivanovich Tikhonov ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ти́хонов ; born 2 January 1947 ) is a former Soviet biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Rinnat_Safin", "summary": "Rinnat Ibragimovich Safin ( Russian : Риннат Ибрагимович Сафин ; 29 August 1940 - 22 October 2014 ) was a Soviet biathlete . At the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , he won a gold medal with the Soviet relay team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ivan_Biakov", "summary": "Ivan Ivanovych Biakov ( Russian : Иван Иванович Бяков ; 21 September 1944 - 4 November 2009 ) was a Soviet biathlete . At the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , he won a gold medal with the Soviet relay team . He received another gold medal at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck . His second team gold Biakov won with help of French biathlon athlete Yvon Mougel . In 1966 Biakov represented the Kazakhstani team at the People 's Spartakiad of the Soviet Union in Sverdlovsk ( today Yekaterinburg ) . Since 1974 Biakov lived in Kiev and was a director of the Kiev school of higher sports mastery . In 1992 he was among the founders of the Ukrainian Federation in biathlon becoming its first president ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Viktor_Mamatov", "summary": "Viktor Fyodorovich Mamatov ( Russian : Виктор Фёдорович Маматов ; born 21 July 1937 ) is a former Soviet biathlete . At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble , he won a gold medal with the Soviet relay team . He was Flag Bearer at the 1968 Olympics . Mamatov received another gold medal at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo . He became World Champion in individual 20 km in 1967 , and three times with the Soviet relay team , in 1969 , 1970 and 1971 ." } ] }, { "value": "Biathlon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Biathlon at the 1972 Winter Olympics consisted of two biathlon events , held at Makomanai Biathlon Site . The events began on 9 February and ended on 11 February 1972 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 4 x 7.5 km relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vyacheslav Vedenin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vyacheslav_Vedenin", "summary": "Vyacheslav Petrovich Vedenin ( Russian : Вячесла́в Петро́вич Веденин ; born 1 October 1941 ) is a retired Soviet cross-country skier . His silver medal over 50 km was the only medal won by a Soviet male skier at the 1968 Olympics , as his 4×10 km team placed fourth . At the next Olympics he was the Olympic flag bearer for the Soviet Union and won three medals , with golds in the 30 km and 4×10 km and a bronze in the 50 km . In the 4×10 km event Vedenin ran the last leg and won by 10 seconds , despite starting with a one-minute lag from Norway . His gold in the 30 km was the first individual win for a Soviet male skier at the Winter Olympics . Vedenin also won three medals at the 1970 World Championships with two golds ( 30 km , 4x10 km ) and one silver ( 50 km ) . After retiring from competitions he coached skiers at Dynamo Moscow , for which he competed through his entire career . Vedenin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour ( 1970 ) and Order of Lenin ( 1972 ) . Since 1989 a competition Vedenin 's Ski Track ( « Лыжня Веденина » ) is held yearly in Dubna , Dubensky District , in his honor ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 30 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vladimir Voronkov Yury Skobov Fyodor Simashov Vyacheslav Vedenin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Voronkov", "summary": "Vladimir Petrovich Voronkov ( Russian : Владимир Петрович Воронков ; 20 March 1944 - 25 September 2018 ) was a Russian cross-country skier who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s , training at the Armed Forces sports society in Moscow . He won the 4 x 10 km gold at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo for the USSR . Voronkov also finished 4th in the 30 km event at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble He also won a gold medal at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in the 4 x 10 km relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yury_Skobov", "summary": "Yuri Georgievich Skobov ( Russian : Юрий Георгиевич Скобов ; born 13 March 1949 ) was a Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed in the early 1970s , training at Spartak in Omutninsk . He won the 4 x 10 km gold at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo for the USSR . Skobov also finished 5th in the 15 km event at those same games . He also won a silver medal in the 4 x 10 km relay at the 1974 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fyodor_Simashov", "summary": "Fyodor Petrovich Simashev ( Russian : Фёдор Петрович Симашёв , 13 March 1945 - 19 December 1997 ) was a Russian cross-country skier who competed at the 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics . In 1968 he only entered the 15 km race and placed 26th . In 1972 he won a gold medal in the 4×10 km and a silver in the 15 km , placing sixth-eighth in the 30 km and 50 km events . He won another relay gold medal and two individual medals at the 1970 World Championships . Domestically he won twelve Soviet titles : in the 15 km ( 1968 ) , 30 km ( 1969 , 1971 , 1973 ) , 50 km ( 1974 ) and 4×10 km relay ( 1968-70 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1976 ) . In 1972 he was awarded Order of the Badge of Honor . After retiring from competitions Simashov worked as a sports official in Zainsk until his death in 1997 . Since 1971 , an annual junior cross-country skiing competition in his honor has been held in Zainsk ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vyacheslav_Vedenin", "summary": "Vyacheslav Petrovich Vedenin ( Russian : Вячесла́в Петро́вич Веденин ; born 1 October 1941 ) is a retired Soviet cross-country skier . His silver medal over 50 km was the only medal won by a Soviet male skier at the 1968 Olympics , as his 4×10 km team placed fourth . At the next Olympics he was the Olympic flag bearer for the Soviet Union and won three medals , with golds in the 30 km and 4×10 km and a bronze in the 50 km . In the 4×10 km event Vedenin ran the last leg and won by 10 seconds , despite starting with a one-minute lag from Norway . His gold in the 30 km was the first individual win for a Soviet male skier at the Winter Olympics . Vedenin also won three medals at the 1970 World Championships with two golds ( 30 km , 4x10 km ) and one silver ( 50 km ) . After retiring from competitions he coached skiers at Dynamo Moscow , for which he competed through his entire career . Vedenin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour ( 1970 ) and Order of Lenin ( 1972 ) . Since 1989 a competition Vedenin 's Ski Track ( « Лыжня Веденина » ) is held yearly in Dubna , Dubensky District , in his honor ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 4 × 10 km relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Galina Kulakova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Galina_Kulakova", "summary": "Galina Alexeyevna Kulakova ( Russian : Галина Алексеевна Кулакова , born 29 April 1942 ) is a Soviet former cross-country skier , arguably the best skier on distances shorter than 10 km in the early 1970s . She won four Olympic golds , two individual in 1972 and two relay golds in 1972 and 1976 . She was the most successful athlete at the 1972 Winter Olympics , along with Ard Schenk of the Netherlands . Competing in the World Championships , she won three individual golds , two in 1974 and one in 1970 , and also two relay golds in those years . Kulakova also won the 10 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1970 and 1979 . Galina Kulakova was also 39 times Champion of the USSR between 1969 and 1981 . For her achievements she was awarded Order of Lenin and Badge of Honor . She was also awarded the silver Olympic Order in 1984 by the International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch . Galina Kulakova ended her sports career in 1982 ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 5 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Galina Kulakova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Galina_Kulakova", "summary": "Galina Alexeyevna Kulakova ( Russian : Галина Алексеевна Кулакова , born 29 April 1942 ) is a Soviet former cross-country skier , arguably the best skier on distances shorter than 10 km in the early 1970s . She won four Olympic golds , two individual in 1972 and two relay golds in 1972 and 1976 . She was the most successful athlete at the 1972 Winter Olympics , along with Ard Schenk of the Netherlands . Competing in the World Championships , she won three individual golds , two in 1974 and one in 1970 , and also two relay golds in those years . Kulakova also won the 10 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1970 and 1979 . Galina Kulakova was also 39 times Champion of the USSR between 1969 and 1981 . For her achievements she was awarded Order of Lenin and Badge of Honor . She was also awarded the silver Olympic Order in 1984 by the International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch . Galina Kulakova ended her sports career in 1982 ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 10 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lyubov Mukhachova Alevtina Olyunina-Smirnova Galina Kulakova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lyubov_Mukhachova", "summary": "Lyubov Alexeyevna Mukhachyova ( Russian : Любо́вь Алексе́евна Мухачёва ; born July 23 , 1947 in Staraya Russa ) is a Soviet former cross-country skier who competed during the early 1970s for Trud Voluntary Sports Society . She won a gold medal at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo in the 3 × 5 km relay and also finished fourth in the 10 km and 6th in the 5 km at those same games ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alevtina_Olyunina-Smirnova", "summary": "Alevtina Sergeyevna Olyunina ( Russian : Алевти́на Серге́евна Олю́нина ; born August 15 , 1942 in Pchyolkino , Kostroma Oblast , Russian SFSR ) is a female Soviet former cross-country skier who competed during the early 1970s for Trud Voluntary Sports Society . She won two medals at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo with a gold in the 3 × 5 km relay and a silver in the 10 km . Olyunina also won two medals at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with golds both in the 10 km and the 3 × 5 km relay events ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Galina_Kulakova", "summary": "Galina Alexeyevna Kulakova ( Russian : Галина Алексеевна Кулакова , born 29 April 1942 ) is a Soviet former cross-country skier , arguably the best skier on distances shorter than 10 km in the early 1970s . She won four Olympic golds , two individual in 1972 and two relay golds in 1972 and 1976 . She was the most successful athlete at the 1972 Winter Olympics , along with Ard Schenk of the Netherlands . Competing in the World Championships , she won three individual golds , two in 1974 and one in 1970 , and also two relay golds in those years . Kulakova also won the 10 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1970 and 1979 . Galina Kulakova was also 39 times Champion of the USSR between 1969 and 1981 . For her achievements she was awarded Order of Lenin and Badge of Honor . She was also awarded the silver Olympic Order in 1984 by the International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch . Galina Kulakova ended her sports career in 1982 ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 3 × 5 km relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Irina Rodnina Alexei Ulanov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Irina_Rodnina", "summary": "Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina ( Russian : Ирина Константиновна Роднина , IPA : [ ɪˈrʲinə kənstɐnˈtʲinəvnə rədʲnʲɪˈna ] ; born 12 September 1949 ) is a Russian politician and figure skater , who is the only pair skater to win 10 successive World Championships ( 1969-78 ) and three successive Olympic gold medals ( 1972 , 1976 , 1980 ) . She was elected to the State Duma in the 2007 legislative election as a member of President Vladimir Putin 's United Russia party . As a figure skater , she initially competed with Alexei Ulanov and later teamed up with Alexander Zaitsev . She is the first pair skater to win the Olympic title with two different partners , followed only by Artur Dmitriev ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexei_Ulanov", "summary": "Alexei Nikolaevich Ulanov ( Russian : Алексей Николаевич Уланов ; born 4 November 1947 ) is a retired pair skater who represented the Soviet Union . With Irina Rodnina , he is the 1972 Olympic champion and a four-time ( 1969-1972 ) world champion . With later partner Lyudmila Smirnova , he is a two-time world silver medalist ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The figure skating events at the 1972 Winter Olympics were held at the Makomanai Skating Rink and the Mikaho Indoor Skating Rink . The results of both the men 's and ladies ' singles events were dominated by placements in the compulsory figures , which at the time were nominally worth 50% of the total score but in fact weighted more heavily than the free skating due to being judged using a wider range of marks . In the men 's event , Ondrej Nepela , the figures winner , took the gold in spite of placing only 4th in the free skating after falling on his triple loop jump . The free skating winner was Sergei Chetverukhin , who skated one of his best performances at this event to take the silver medal . Patrick Péra , second in the figures , had a poor free skating in which he fell on a triple salchow jump early in his program and then made other mistakes . Nonetheless the weight given to figures allowed him to take the bronze medal ahead of John Misha Petkevich , Kenneth Shelley , and Toller Cranston , who all skated dynamic programs with at least one cleanly landed triple jump apiece . The effect of the figures was even more pronounced in the ladies ' competition , where gold medal winner Beatrix Schuba placed only 7th in the free skating , performing mostly single jumps . The free skating was won by Janet Lynn , who received a perfect mark of 6.0 despite falling on a flying sit spin . Lynn 's skating captivated the Japanese audience , especially when she got up smiling from her fall . Lynn took the bronze while Karen Magnussen , second in the free skating with a strong performance , took the silver . The third place skater in the free skating , Sonja Morgenstern , included a triple salchow in her program , which at this time was very rare for a female skater . She placed 6th overall ." } ] }, { "value": "Pairs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Soviet Union men 's national ice hockey team Vladislav Tretiak Alexander Pashkov Vitaly Davidov Viktor Kuskin Alexander Ragulin Gennadi Tsygankov Vladimir Lutchenko Vladimir Vasiliev Igor Romishevsky Yevgeny Mishakov Alexander Maltsev Alexander Yakushev Vladimir Vikulov Anatoly Firsov Valeri Kharlamov Yury Blinov Boris Mikhailov Vladimir Petrov Vladimir Shadrin Yevgeny Zimin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_ice_hockey_team", "summary": "The Soviet national ice hockey team ( Russian : Сборная СССР по хоккею с шайбой ) was the national ice hockey team of the Soviet Union . The team won nearly every world championship and Olympic tournament between 1954 and 1991 and never failed to medal in any International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) tournament they competed in . After 1991 , the Soviet team competed as the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics and as the Commonwealth of Independent States at the 1992 World Championship . In 1993 , it was replaced by national teams for Belarus , Estonia , Kazakhstan , Latvia , Lithuania , Russia and Ukraine . The IIHF recognized the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia as the successor to the Soviet Union hockey federation and passed its ranking on to Russia . The other national hockey teams were considered new and sent to compete in Pool C. The IIHF Centennial All-Star Team included four Soviet-Russian players out of a team of six : goalie Vladislav Tretiak , defenseman Vyacheslav Fetisov and forwards Valeri Kharlamov and Sergei Makarov who played for the Soviet teams in the 1970s and the 1980s were selected for the team in 2008 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladislav_Tretiak", "summary": "Vladislav Aleksandrovich Tretiak , MSM ( Russian : Владислав Александрович Третьяк , IPA : [ trʲɪˈtʲjak ] ; born 25 April 1952 ) is a Russian former goaltender for the Soviet Union national ice hockey team . Considered to be one of the greatest goaltenders in the history of the sport , he was voted one of six players to the International Ice Hockey Federation 's ( IIHF ) Centennial All-Star Team in a poll conducted by a group of 56 experts from 16 countries . He is the current president of the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia and was the general manager of the Russian 2010 Winter Olympic team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Pashkov", "summary": "Alexander Konstantinovich Pashkov ( born August 28 , 1944 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC Dynamo Moscow , HC Lokomotiv Moscow , HC CSKA Moscow , and Krylya Sovetov Moscow . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1978 . He is a recipient of the Medal For Labour Valour ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Viktor_Kuskin", "summary": "Viktor Grigorievich Kuzkin ( July 6 , 1940 - June 24 , 2008 ) was an ice hockey defender who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC CSKA Moscow . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963 . He was born in Moscow , Soviet Union . Kuzkin won three gold medals in ice hockey at the Winter Olympics , winning them from 1964 to 1972 . He died after suffering a heart attack whilst diving in Sochi , Russia ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Ragulin", "summary": "Alexander Pavlovich Rags Ragulin ( Russian : Александр Павлович Рагулин ; 5 May 1941 - 17 November 2004 ) was a Russian ice hockey player . He is considered as one of the best defensemen in Soviet ice hockey history , winning three Olympic gold medals and ten world titles ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gennadi_Tsygankov", "summary": "Gennadiy Dmitrievich Tsygankov ( Russian : Геннадий Дмитриевич Цыганков ; 16 August 1947 in Vanino , Soviet Union - 16 February 2006 ) was a Soviet and Russian ice hockey player and coach . He trained at the Armed Forces sports society ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Lutchenko", "summary": "Vladimir Yakovlevich Lutchenko ( born January 2 , 1949 in Ramenskoye , Soviet Union ) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC CSKA Moscow . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1970" }, { "url": "/wiki/Igor_Romishevsky", "summary": "Igor Anatolievich Romishevsky ( March 25 , 1940 - September 28 , 2013 ) was a Russian-born ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . At the 1968 Winter Olympics and 1972 Winter Olympics he won the gold medals with the team . He was gold medalist of World Championships from 1969 to 1971 and silver medalist in 1972 . Romishevsky was born in Zhukovsky , Moscow Oblast . He graduated from Moscow Forest Engineering Institute 1969 and received his PhD degree in 1974 . During his professional hockey career he played with HC CSKA Moscow . He was later inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1968 . In 1974 - 1979 Romishevsky was a chair of Sports Department at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology . Since 1979 he was a head coach of SKA Leningrad for two seasons . In 1984 - 1990 Romishevsky was a head coach of SKA Novosibirsk . He died at age 73 , on 28 September 2013 , in Moscow ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yevgeny_Mishakov", "summary": "Yevgeni Dmitrievich Mishakov ( Russian : Евгений Дмитриевич Мишаков ; February 2 , 1941 in Nikitkino , Russian SFSR - May 30 , 2007 ) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He was born in Moscow , Soviet Union and played for HC CSKA Moscow . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1968 . He died in Moscow , Russia ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Maltsev", "summary": "Alexander Nikolayevich Maltsev ( Russian : Александр Николаевич Мальцев ; born 20 April 1949 ) is a retired Soviet ice hockey forward and politician . Maltsev played for Dynamo Moscow in the Soviet League for 530 games from 1967 to 1984 . He was one of the few stars not to play for CSKA Moscow . A six-time Soviet all-star , he led the league in scoring in 1970-71 and tied with Valeri Kharlamov for MVP in 1971-72 . Maltsev was on the USSR team during the 1972 Winter Olympics , 1976 Winter Olympics , and 1980 Winter Olympics , winning gold in 1972 and 1976 and silver in 1980 . He was named the best forward at the IIHF World Championships three times , leading the tournament in goals once and total scoring twice . He made the world championship all-star team on five occasions . Maltsev 's 213 career goals in international play were the most by any Soviet player . According to NHL.com , Maltsev was Alexander Ovechkin 's childhood idol . Maltsev was awarded the Medal For Labour Heroism in 1972 , the Order of the Badge of Honor in 1976 and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1978 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Yakushev", "summary": "Alexander Sergeyevich Yakushev ( Russian : Александр Серге́евич Якушев ) ( born January 2 , 1947 ) is a former ice hockey player and coach for the Soviet Union . Born in Moscow , Soviet Union , Alexander Yakushev is best known to North American hockey fans as one of the stars for the Soviet team that played Team Canada in the famous 1972 Summit Series . His style of play was atypical of his colleagues who were fast and skilled ; he was often described as the equivalent of Canada 's Phil Esposito . Although often overshadowed by his famous teammate Valeri Kharlamov , by the end of the Summit Series , Yakushev led the Soviets in scoring with 7 goals and 4 assists for 11 points . After retiring from hockey , Yakushev coached Spartak Moscow and , briefly , the Soviet national team . He also became a referee , working in the Soviet Championship League and international events , such as the 1991 Canada Cup . On June 26 , 2018 , it was announced that he would be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame November 12 , 2018 , joining fellow Summit Series teammates Vladislav Tretiak and Valeri Kharlamov ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Vikulov", "summary": "Vladimir Ivanovich Vikulov ( July 20 , 1946 - August 9 , 2013 ) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He was born in Moscow , Soviet Union and played for HC CSKA Moscow . Vikulov led the Soviet league in goals in 1971-72 , and was top goal scorer at the IIHF World Championships the same year . He was a Soviet all-star in 1970 , 1971 , and 1972 , and an all-star at the world championships in 1971 and 1972 . Vikulov tied for second in scoring at the 1968 Winter Olympics with 12 points in 7 games . He played in the 1972 Summit Series against NHL all-stars and the 1974 Summit Series against WHA all-stars . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1967 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anatoly_Firsov", "summary": "Anatoli Vasilievich Firsov ( 1 February 1941 - 24 July 2000 ) was a Russian ice hockey left wing and center , who competed internationally for the USSR . In the IIHF World Championships , he won the scoring title four times and was named the best forward three times . He was also named the most valuable player in the Soviet hockey league three times . Between 1964 and 1972 , Firsov played 166 games for the national team . He scored 134 goals , and won three Olympic and eight world titles . Firsov played in HC CSKA Moscow . He eventually would become one of the best forwards in Soviet hockey . Despite this he would not participate in the 1972 Summit Series against Canada . Many believe this was a result of Anatoli Tarasov 's exclusion from the coaching staff . In 1972 , while still playing for CSKA Moscow , Firsov began working as an assistant coach for the club . Between 1976 and 77 he was the head coach of the Soviet junior team , which won a bronze medal at the 1977 World Championships . From 1977 and until his death he worked as a children 's hockey coach ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Valeri_Kharlamov", "summary": "Valeri Borisovich Kharlamov ( Russian : Вале́рий Бори́сович Харла́мов , IPA : [ vɐˈlʲerʲɪj bɐˈrʲisəvʲɪtɕ xɐrˈɫaməf ] ; 14 January 1948 - 27 August 1981 ) was an ice hockey forward who played for CSKA Moscow in the Soviet League from 1967 until his death in 1981 . Although small in stature , Kharlamov was speedy , intelligent and skilled and a dominant player , being named the Soviet Championship League most valuable player in 1972 and 1973 . An offensive player , who was considered very creative and intelligent on the ice , he also led the league in scoring in 1972 . He was also a gifted skater who was able to make plays at top speed . Kharlamov was considered one of the best players of his era , as well as one of the greatest players of all time . In international play , Kharlamov represented the Soviet Union at 11 World Championships , winning 8 gold medals , 2 silvers and 1 bronze . He participated in three Olympics , 1972 , 1976 and 1980 , finishing with two gold medals and a silver , and participated in the 1972 Summit Series against Canada . He spent most of his career playing on a line with Vladimir Petrov and Boris Mikhailov , and this trio is considered one of the best in the history of hockey . Kharlamov was killed in a car accident in 1981 . After his death , Kharlamov was elected to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame , the Hockey Hall of Fame , the Russian Hockey Hall of Fame and was selected as one of the forwards on the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team . The Kharlamov Trophy is presented annually to the best Russian hockey player in the NHL , as chosen by his peers . The Kharlamov Cup is presented to the champion of the Minor Hockey League playoffs , and the Kontinental Hockey League named one of their four divisions after him ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yury_Blinov", "summary": "Yury Ivanovich Blinov ( born January 13 , 1949 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC CSKA Moscow . He was also a member of the Soviet team for the Summit Series against Canada . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Boris_Mikhailov_(ice_hockey)", "summary": "Boris Petrovich Mikhailov ( Russian : Бори́с Петро́вич Миха́йлов ; born October 6 , 1944 ) is a former Soviet ice hockey player . In 2000 , he was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Petrov", "summary": "Vladimir Vladimirovich Petrov ( Russian : Влади́мир Влади́мирович Петро́в ; 30 June 1947 - 28 February 2017 ) was a Russian Soviet ice hockey player , Olympic Champion ( 1972 , 1976 ) and silver medalist ( 1980 ) . Born in Krasnogorsk , Soviet Union , Vladimir Petrov played in Soviet Ice Hockey League for Krylya Sovetov , Moscow ( from 1965 to 1967 ) , CSKA Moscow ( from 1967 to 1981 ) and SKA , Leningrad ( from 1981 to 1983 ) . In CSKA Moscow and Soviet national team , he , together with Boris Mikhailov and Valeri Kharlamov , formed one of the best offensive lines ever . Petrov played for the Soviet Team in three Winter Olympics , 1972 Soviet Union-Canada Summit Series and many IIHF World Championships . He is 4th all-time leading scorer in World Championships , with 154 points ( 74 goals and 80 assists ) in 102 games and scored 7 points ( 3 goals and 4 assists ) in 8 games of Summit Series . He retired from ice hockey in 1983 . In mid-1990s , Petrov was the president of Russian Ice Hockey Federation . In 2006 , Petrov was enshrined to the IIHF Hall of Fame . He was buried in the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery in Moscow Oblast ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Shadrin", "summary": "Vladimir Nikolaevich Shadrin ( born June 6 , 1948 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) is a retired ice hockey centre who played in the Soviet Hockey League from 1964 to 1979 for HC Spartak Moscow . He also played in the Japan Ice Hockey League for Oji Seishi between 1979 and 1983 . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1971 . Shadrin is best known to North American hockey fans as one of the stars of the Soviet team that played Team Canada in the famous 1972 Summit Series . During this series he finished second in team scoring , behind Alexander Yakushev , with 3 goals and 5 assists for 8 points ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yevgeny_Zimin", "summary": "Yevgeni Vladimirovich Zimin ( Russian : Евге́ний Влади́мирович Зими́н ; 6 August 1947 - 28 December 2018 ) was a Soviet ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC Spartak Moscow . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1968 . He died at the age of 71 in 2018 . At the time of his death , he was a scout with the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The men 's ice hockey tournament at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , Japan , was the 12th Olympic Championship . Games were held at the Makomanai Ice Arena and at the Tsukisamu Indoor Skating Rink . The Soviet Union won its fourth gold medal . The United States won the silver , while Czechoslovakia won the bronze . Canada did not send a team to the event for the first time since ice hockey was first competed at the Olympics in 1920 , instead competing with and defeating the Soviets in a competition later that year known as the Summit Series . Canada would not send a men 's hockey team to the Olympics until 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's competition", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The men 's ice hockey tournament at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo , Japan , was the 12th Olympic Championship . Games were held at the Makomanai Ice Arena and at the Tsukisamu Indoor Skating Rink . The Soviet Union won its fourth gold medal . The United States won the silver , while Czechoslovakia won the bronze . Canada did not send a team to the event for the first time since ice hockey was first competed at the Olympics in 1920 , instead competing with and defeating the Soviets in a competition later that year known as the Summit Series . Canada would not send a men 's hockey team to the Olympics until 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fyodor Smishov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fyodor_Smishov", "summary": "Fyodor Petrovich Simashev ( Russian : Фёдор Петрович Симашёв , 13 March 1945 - 19 December 1997 ) was a Russian cross-country skier who competed at the 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics . In 1968 he only entered the 15 km race and placed 26th . In 1972 he won a gold medal in the 4×10 km and a silver in the 15 km , placing sixth-eighth in the 30 km and 50 km events . He won another relay gold medal and two individual medals at the 1970 World Championships . Domestically he won twelve Soviet titles : in the 15 km ( 1968 ) , 30 km ( 1969 , 1971 , 1973 ) , 50 km ( 1974 ) and 4×10 km relay ( 1968-70 , 1972 , 1973 , 1975 , 1976 ) . In 1972 he was awarded Order of the Badge of Honor . After retiring from competitions Simashov worked as a sports official in Zainsk until his death in 1997 . Since 1971 , an annual junior cross-country skiing competition in his honor has been held in Zainsk ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 15 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alevtina Olyunina-Smirnova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alevtina_Olyunina-Smirnova", "summary": "Alevtina Sergeyevna Olyunina ( Russian : Алевти́на Серге́евна Олю́нина ; born August 15 , 1942 in Pchyolkino , Kostroma Oblast , Russian SFSR ) is a female Soviet former cross-country skier who competed during the early 1970s for Trud Voluntary Sports Society . She won two medals at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo with a gold in the 3 × 5 km relay and a silver in the 10 km . Olyunina also won two medals at the 1970 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with golds both in the 10 km and the 3 × 5 km relay events ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 10 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sergei Chetverukhin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Chetverukhin", "summary": "Sergei Alexandrovich Chetverukhin ( Russian : Серге́й Александрович Четверухин ; born 12 January 1946 ) is a former Soviet figure skater . He is the 1972 Olympic silver medalist , a three-time World medalist , and a four-time European medalist ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The figure skating events at the 1972 Winter Olympics were held at the Makomanai Skating Rink and the Mikaho Indoor Skating Rink . The results of both the men 's and ladies ' singles events were dominated by placements in the compulsory figures , which at the time were nominally worth 50% of the total score but in fact weighted more heavily than the free skating due to being judged using a wider range of marks . In the men 's event , Ondrej Nepela , the figures winner , took the gold in spite of placing only 4th in the free skating after falling on his triple loop jump . The free skating winner was Sergei Chetverukhin , who skated one of his best performances at this event to take the silver medal . Patrick Péra , second in the figures , had a poor free skating in which he fell on a triple salchow jump early in his program and then made other mistakes . Nonetheless the weight given to figures allowed him to take the bronze medal ahead of John Misha Petkevich , Kenneth Shelley , and Toller Cranston , who all skated dynamic programs with at least one cleanly landed triple jump apiece . The effect of the figures was even more pronounced in the ladies ' competition , where gold medal winner Beatrix Schuba placed only 7th in the free skating , performing mostly single jumps . The free skating was won by Janet Lynn , who received a perfect mark of 6.0 despite falling on a flying sit spin . Lynn 's skating captivated the Japanese audience , especially when she got up smiling from her fall . Lynn took the bronze while Karen Magnussen , second in the free skating with a strong performance , took the silver . The third place skater in the free skating , Sonja Morgenstern , included a triple salchow in her program , which at this time was very rare for a female skater . She placed 6th overall ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's singles", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Liudmila Smirnova Andrei Suraikin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Liudmila_Smirnova", "summary": "Lyudmila Stanislavovna Smirnova ( Russian : Людмила Станиславовна Смирнова ; born July 21 , 1949 in Leningrad ) is a retired pair skater who competed for the Soviet Union . With partner Andrei Suraikin , she is the 1972 Winter Olympic silver medalist . With later partner and former husband Alexei Ulanov , she is a two-time World silver medalist ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrei_Suraikin", "summary": "Andrei Alexandrovich Suraikin ( Russian : Андрей Александрович Сурайкин ; 20 October 1948 -28 September 1996 ) was a Russian pair skater . With partner Liudmila Smirnova , he was the 1972 Olympic silver medalist ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The figure skating events at the 1972 Winter Olympics were held at the Makomanai Skating Rink and the Mikaho Indoor Skating Rink . The results of both the men 's and ladies ' singles events were dominated by placements in the compulsory figures , which at the time were nominally worth 50% of the total score but in fact weighted more heavily than the free skating due to being judged using a wider range of marks . In the men 's event , Ondrej Nepela , the figures winner , took the gold in spite of placing only 4th in the free skating after falling on his triple loop jump . The free skating winner was Sergei Chetverukhin , who skated one of his best performances at this event to take the silver medal . Patrick Péra , second in the figures , had a poor free skating in which he fell on a triple salchow jump early in his program and then made other mistakes . Nonetheless the weight given to figures allowed him to take the bronze medal ahead of John Misha Petkevich , Kenneth Shelley , and Toller Cranston , who all skated dynamic programs with at least one cleanly landed triple jump apiece . The effect of the figures was even more pronounced in the ladies ' competition , where gold medal winner Beatrix Schuba placed only 7th in the free skating , performing mostly single jumps . The free skating was won by Janet Lynn , who received a perfect mark of 6.0 despite falling on a flying sit spin . Lynn 's skating captivated the Japanese audience , especially when she got up smiling from her fall . Lynn took the bronze while Karen Magnussen , second in the free skating with a strong performance , took the silver . The third place skater in the free skating , Sonja Morgenstern , included a triple salchow in her program , which at this time was very rare for a female skater . She placed 6th overall ." } ] }, { "value": "Pairs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vera Krasnova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vera_Krasnova", "summary": "Vera Ivanovna Krasnova ( Russian : Вера Ивановна Краснова , born 3 April 1950 ) is a retired Russian speed skater who specialized in the 500 m distance . She competed at the 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics and won a silver medal in 1972 , placing fifth in 1976 . Krasnova won a silver medal in the 500 m at the 1972 European All-around Championships . She took part in five World Sprint Speed Skating Championships , with the best result of fourth place in 1975 . Domestically she won the 500 m Soviet title in 1969 , 1972 and 1976 . Krasnova was born in Omsk , but later moved to Moscow and worked there as a school teacher ." } ] }, { "value": "Speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Speed skating at the 1972 Winter Olympics , was held from 4 to 12 February . Eight events were contested at Makomanai Open Stadium in Sapporo , Japan . This was the first Olympics at which electronic times were recorded to the hundredth of a second ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 500m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vyacheslav Vedenin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vyacheslav_Vedenin", "summary": "Vyacheslav Petrovich Vedenin ( Russian : Вячесла́в Петро́вич Веденин ; born 1 October 1941 ) is a retired Soviet cross-country skier . His silver medal over 50 km was the only medal won by a Soviet male skier at the 1968 Olympics , as his 4×10 km team placed fourth . At the next Olympics he was the Olympic flag bearer for the Soviet Union and won three medals , with golds in the 30 km and 4×10 km and a bronze in the 50 km . In the 4×10 km event Vedenin ran the last leg and won by 10 seconds , despite starting with a one-minute lag from Norway . His gold in the 30 km was the first individual win for a Soviet male skier at the Winter Olympics . Vedenin also won three medals at the 1970 World Championships with two golds ( 30 km , 4x10 km ) and one silver ( 50 km ) . After retiring from competitions he coached skiers at Dynamo Moscow , for which he competed through his entire career . Vedenin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour ( 1970 ) and Order of Lenin ( 1972 ) . Since 1989 a competition Vedenin 's Ski Track ( « Лыжня Веденина » ) is held yearly in Dubna , Dubensky District , in his honor ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1972 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 50 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Valery Muratov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Valery_Muratov", "summary": "Valery Alekseyevich Muratov ( Russian : Вале́рий Алексе́евич Мура́тов , born 1 May 1946 in Kolomna ) is a former ice speed skater from the USSR , who represented his native country in three consecutive Winter Olympics , starting in 1968 in Grenoble , France . He trained in Kolomna at Burevestnik and later at the Armed Forces sports society . In 1972 Muratov was awarded the Medal For Labour Heroism ." } ] }, { "value": "Speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Speed skating at the 1972 Winter Olympics , was held from 4 to 12 February . Eight events were contested at Makomanai Open Stadium in Sapporo , Japan . This was the first Olympics at which electronic times were recorded to the hundredth of a second ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 500m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lyudmila Titova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lyudmila_Titova", "summary": "Lyudmila Yevgenyevna Titova ( Russian : Людмила Евгеньевна Титова ) ( born 26 March 1946 ) is a retired Russian speed skater ." } ] }, { "value": "Speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Speed skating at the 1972 Winter Olympics , was held from 4 to 12 February . Eight events were contested at Makomanai Open Stadium in Sapporo , Japan . This was the first Olympics at which electronic times were recorded to the hundredth of a second ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 500m", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Medalists", "section_text": "", "uid": "Soviet_Union_at_the_1972_Winter_Olympics_0", "intro": "The Soviet Union (USSR) competed at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014", "title": "List of Malaysian football transfers 2014", "header": [ "Position", "Player", "To club", "Fee" ], "data": [ { "value": "Goalkeeper", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)", "summary": "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohd Solehin Rodzi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DRB-Hicom F.C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/DRB-Hicom_F.C.", "summary": "DRB-HICOM Football Club is a football club established to compete in Malaysia football league . The team played in the Malaysia Premier League ( the second tier of the country 's professional league - Liga M ) since 2010 until 2016 before they withdrew from the league . It was simultaneously decided that the club 's 2nd team ( previously known as DRB-HICOM 2 ) to remain competing in an amateur league . Therefore , DRB-HICOM FC remained competing in the Kuala Lumpur Football Association ( KLFA ) League , where they have played since 2014 . This team is composed of employees of DRB-HICOM Group of Companies and experienced local players . The club is commonly known as The Great Bees ( D'GreatBees ) , and previously used Proton City Stadium in Tanjung Malim as their official home ground . The well-facilitated stadium currently has a capacity for 3,000 fans . However , since it now plays in a league in the Klang Valley , DRB-HICOM FC is now based in Glenmarie , Shah Alam ; the PROTON Casting Plant field is about 3 km away from the headquarters of DRB-HICOM Berhad . The conglomerate owns 50.1% of national carmaker PROTON ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Defender", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defender_(association_football)", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohd Fitri Jamaluddin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Perlis FA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Perlis_FA", "summary": "Perlis Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Perlis ) , also known as Perlis FA , is a football team based in Kangar , Perlis , Malaysia . The team was founded in 1963 and currently suspended from FIFA by playing in the second division of Malaysian football , the 2019 Malaysia Premier League . Year 2019 is the first ever Perlis did not enter any tournament in Malaysian League since 1963 ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Defender", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defender_(association_football)", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Danial Fadzly Abdullah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Danial_Fadzly_Abdullah", "summary": "Danial Fadzly Abdullah ( born on 14 January 1979 ) is a Malaysian former footballer . He can operate as a midfielder or defender . He is of Malaysian Siamese heritage . Formerly a Buddhist under the name Wirat Nom ( Thai : วิรัตน์ หนุ่ม , RTGS : Wirat Num ) , he converted to Islam in 2004 and has taken the name Danial Fadzly ." } ] }, { "value": "Retired", "urls": [] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Midfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Hafiz Che Hassan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Free agent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Free_agent", "summary": "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Midfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Khairul Anwar Idris", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Released", "urls": [] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Midfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Azrul Abdul Rahim", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Released", "urls": [] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Midfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "A. Giri Ther", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MISC-MIFA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MISC-MIFA", "summary": "Petaling Jaya City Football Club , or simply PJ City , is a professional Malaysian football club based in Petaling Jaya , Selangor . Founded in 2004 as MIFA , the club currently competes in Malaysia Super League . The club is owned by the QI Group . The club were established to represent Petaling Jaya community . In 2016 , the club has won the Malaysia FAM League title and has been promoted to the second division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia Premier League . The club is known by its current name since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Midfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohd Hisyam Shofi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Free agent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Free_agent", "summary": "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Midfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohd Syafuan Riduwan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Johor Darul Takzim II", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johor_Darul_Takzim_II_F.C.", "summary": "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club II ( /jəˈhɔːr/ ; Malay : Kelab Bolasepak Johor Darul Ta'zim II ) or simply JDT II is a Malaysian football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor . The club currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division professional football league in Malaysia . Johor Darul Ta'zim II is a reserve team for Johor Darul Ta'zim ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forward", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(association_football)", "summary": "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohd Aminuddin Azmi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UiTM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UiTM_FC", "summary": "Universiti Teknologi MARA Football Club or simply as UiTM FC is a Malaysian football club based in Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia . The club currently plays in the second-tier of Malaysian football league Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 2008 , their home ground is 10,000-seat UiTM Stadium . The club widely known as The Lion Troops . The team is under the jurisdiction of Universiti Teknologi MARA , a Malaysian public university based in Shah Alam , Selangor ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forward", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(association_football)", "summary": "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohd Haslan Abu Hassan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Free agent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Free_agent", "summary": "In professional sports , a free agent is a player who is eligible to sign freely with any club or franchise ; i.e. , not under contract to any specific team . The term is also used in reference to a player who is under contract at present but who is allowed to solicit offers from other teams . In some circumstances , the free agent 's options are limited by league rules ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Penang FA -- Transfers out", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014_36", "intro": "The following is a list of transfers for the 2014 Malaysian football." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulabha_Deshpande", "title": "Sulabha Deshpande", "header": [ "Year", "Title", "Language" ], "data": [ { "value": "1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shantata ! Court Chalu Aahe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shantata!_Court_Chalu_Aahe", "summary": "Shantata ! Court Chalu Aahe ( Silence ! The Court Is in Session ) is a Marathi play written by playwright Vijay Tendulkar and first performed in 1967 , directed by Arvind Deshpande , with Sulbha Deshpande as the main lead . The play was written in 1963 , for Rangayan , a Mumbai-based theatre group , though it was performed much later . It was inspired after the playwright overheard the conversation amongst the members of amateur theatre group traveling on Mumbai local train to perform a mock-trial at Vile Parle suburb . The play was based on a 1956 novel , Die Panne ( Traps ) by Swiss playwright Friedrich Dürrenmatt ." } ] }, { "value": "Marathi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marathi_language", "summary": "Marathi ( English : /məˈrɑːti/ ; मराठी Marāṭhī ; Marathi : [ məˈɾaʈʰi ] ( listen ) ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83.1 million Marathi people of Maharashtra , India . It is the official language and co-official language in the Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India , respectively , and is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . With 83.1 million speakers in 2019 , Marathi ranks 10th in the list of most spoken languages in the world . Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India , after Hindi and Bengali . The language has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages , dating back to around 600 AD . The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi dialect . Koli and Malvani Konkani have been heavily influenced by Marathi varieties . Marathi distinguishes inclusive and exclusive forms of 'we ' and possesses a three-way gender system that features the neuter in addition to the masculine and the feminine . In its phonology , it contrasts apico-alveolar with alveopalatal affricates and alveolar with retroflex laterals ( [ l ] and [ ɭ ] ( Marathi letters ल and ळ respectively ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1974", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jadu Ka Shankh जादू का शंख", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jadu_Ka_Shankh", "summary": "Jadu Ka Shankh is a 1974 Bollywood drama film directed by Sai Paranjpye ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hindi", "summary": "Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English ." } ] }, { "value": "1975", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zindagi Aur Toofan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zindagi_Aur_Toofan", "summary": "Zindagi Aur Toofan is a 1975 Bollywood film directed by Umesh Mathur ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hindi", "summary": "Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English ." } ] }, { "value": "1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jait Re Jait जैत रे जैत", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jait_Re_Jait", "summary": "Jait Re Jait ( English : Win , Win ) is 1977 Indian Marathi language film directed by Dr. Jabbar Patel and produced by Usha Mangeshkar and Hridaynath Mangeshkar , under the banner of Mahalakshmi Chitra . The film stars Mohan Agashe and Smita Patil in the lead roles . The film won President 's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Marathi at the National Film Awards . It is considered to be one of the greatest musical hits of all time in Marathi cinema . [ citation needed ] It is based on a book by G. N. Dandekar . Though the music achieved all-time hit status , the film was a box office disaster ." } ] }, { "value": "Marathi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bhumika", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bhumika_(film)", "summary": "Bhumika ( English : Role ) is a 1977 Indian film directed by Shyam Benegal . The film stars Smita Patil , Amol Palekar , Anant Nag , Naseeruddin Shah and Amrish Puri . The film is broadly based on the Marathi-language memoirs , Sangtye Aika of the well-known Marathi stage and screen actress of the 1940s Hansa Wadkar , who led a flamboyant and unconventional life , and focuses on an individual 's search for identity and self-fulfilment . Smita Patil gives a strong performance of transforming from a vivacious teenager to a wiser but deeply wounded middle-aged woman . The film won two National Film Awards and Filmfare Best Movie Award . It was invited to Carthage Film Festival 1978 , Chicago Film Festival , where it was awarded the Golden Plaque 1978 , and in 1986 it was invited to Festival of Images , Algeria ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arvind Desai Ki Ajeeb Dastaan अरविंद देसाई की अजीब दास्तान", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arvind_Desai_Ki_Ajeeb_Dastaan", "summary": "Arvind Desai Ki Ajeeb Dastaan is a 1978 Hindi Language film , directed by Saeed Akhtar Mirza and starring Dilip Dhawan , Anjali Paigankar , Sriram Lagoo , Rohini Hattangadi , Satish Shah and Om Puri . The Film explores the life of a guy born with a silver spoon , but no talent as his businessman father ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kondura", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kondura", "summary": "Kondura / Anugraham is a 1978 Indian bilingual film simultaneously directed by Shyam Benegal in Hindi and Telugu . The film is based on the novel of the same name by Marathi writer , Chintamani T. Khanolkar , the screen adaptation was made by Shyam Benegal and Girish Karnad . The majority of the cast was common to both films and included Ananth Nag , Vanisri , Amrish Puri , Shekhar Chatterjee ( Hindi version only ) , Rao Gopal Rao ( Telugu version only ) and Satyadev Dubey . The film was one of the Indian entries at the 4th Hong Kong International Film Festival ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi / Telugu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Telugu_language", "summary": "Telugu ( English : /ˈtɛlʊɡuː/ ; తెలుగు [ teluɡu ] ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of Puducherry ( Yanam ) by the Telugu people . It stands alongside Hindi and English as one of the few languages with primary official language status in more than one Indian state . Telugu is also a linguistic minority in the states of Orissa , Karnataka , Tamil Nadu , Kerala , Chattisgarh , Jarkandh and Maharashtra . It is one of six languages designated a classical language of India by the country 's government . Telugu ranks 4th among the languages with the highest number of native speakers in India , with 6.7 percent at the 2011 census , and fifteenth in the Ethnologue list of most widely-spoken languages worldwide . It is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family , and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India . It is also the fastest growing language in the United States , where there is a large Telugu-speaking community . Roughly 10,000 pre-colonial inscriptions exist in the Telugu language ." } ] }, { "value": "1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gaman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaman", "summary": "Gaman ( Hindi : गमन , English : Departure ) is a Bollywood film released in 1978 , starring Farooq Sheikh and Smita Patil in the lead roles and introducing Nana Patekar in a supporting role . It is the directorial debut of Muzaffar Ali , who went on to make Umrao Jaan ( 1981 ) . The film deals with the issue of the futility of urban migration , using the story of a migrant from Uttar Pradesh to Mumbai , who tries to find a foothold in his new life as a taxi driver . The film 's music was by Jaidev , who won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction in 1979 for his work , and for the Song Aap ki Yaad Aati Rahi , Chhaya Ganguli won a National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer . Shahryar wrote songs for the film , most notably Seene Mein Jalan , Aankhon Mein Toofaan , sung by Suresh Wadkar , which highlighted the alienation and broken dreams of the migrant community . Ghazal singer Hariharan made his playback singing debut with the film ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai अल्बर्ट पिंटो को गुस्सा क्यों आता है", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Albert_Pinto_Ko_Gussa_Kyoon_Aata_Hai", "summary": "Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai ( lit . Why does Albert Pinto get angry ? ) is a 1980 Bollywood film directed by Saeed Akhtar Mirza based on his own story . The film starred Naseeruddin Shah , Shabana Azmi and Smita Patil as leads . It won the 1981 Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie" } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kasturi कस्तूरी", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kasturi_(1980_film)", "summary": "Kasturi is a 1980 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Bimal Dutta , starring Nutan , Mithun Chakraborty , Parikshit Sahni , Sadhu Meher and Shreeram Lagoo" } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yeh Kaisa Insaf यह कैसा इंसाफ", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vijeta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vijeta_(1982_film)", "summary": "Vijeta ( English : The Victor ) is a 1982 Indian coming-of-age Hindi film produced by Shashi Kapoor and directed by Govind Nihalani . It stars Shashi Kapoor , his son Kunal Kapoor , Rekha , Amrish Puri and Supriya Pathak with K.K . Raina , Raja Bundela and Shafi Inamdar , who went on to become notable supporting actors in Bollywood movies ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sitam सितम", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sitam", "summary": "Situm is a 1982 Hindi film directed by Aruna Raje and Vikas Desai starring Naseeruddin Shah , Smita Patil , Vikram and Asrani among others . The then husband-wife duo worked together in the name of Aruna-Vikas jointly , before Aruna went her separate way ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bheegi Palkein", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bheegi_Palkein", "summary": "Bheegi Palkein ( Hindi : भीगी पलकें ; English : Moistened eyelids ) is a 1982 Indian Bollywood film directed by Sisir Mishra and produced by K. K. Arya . It stars Raj Babbar and Smita Patil in pivotal roles ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ramnagari रामनगरी", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duniya दुनिया", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duniya_(1984_film)", "summary": "Duniya ( English : The World ) is a 1984 Hindi film directed by Ramesh Talwar , starring Rishi Kapoor and Dilip Kumar as leads . The music was given by R.D . Burman . The plot of the story inspired by PTV drama serial Samandar by Amjad Islam Amjad ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hech Maza Maher हेच माझं माहेर", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ghar Dwaar घर द्वार", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ghar_Dwaar", "summary": "Ghar Dwaar is a 1985 Hindi family drama film starring Tanuja and Sachin Pilgaonkar in the lead roles . The film was remade in Telugu as Aadi Dampatulu ." } ] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Janu जानू", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sur Sangam सुर संगम", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hindi", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Selected filmography -- Films", "section_text": "[ 14 ]", "uid": "Sulabha_Deshpande_0", "intro": "Sulabha Deshpande (Marathi: सुलभा देशपांडे; 1937 - 4 June 2016) was an Indian actress and theatre director. Apart from Marathi theatre and Hindi theatre in Mumbai, she acted in over 73 mainstream Bollywood films. She also performed in art house cinema such as Bhumika (1977), Arvind Desai Ki Ajeeb Dastaan (1978), and Gaman (1978) as a character actor, along with numerous TV series and plays. A leading figure in experimental theatre movement of the 1960s, she was associated with Rangayan, and personalities like Vijay Tendulkar, Vijaya Mehta, and Satyadev Dubey. In 1971, she co-founded the theatre group Awishkar with her husband Arvind Deshpande, and also started its children's wing, Chandrashala, which continues to perform professional children theatre. In later years, she acted in serials such as Jee Ley Zara, Ek Packet Umeed, and Asmita, and in films such as English Vinglish." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_European_Team_Championships_Super_League", "title": "2010 European Team Championships Super League", "header": [ "Rank", "Name", "Nationality", "Time", "Points" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anna Mishchenko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Mishchenko", "summary": "Anna Valeriïvna Mishchenko ( Ukrainian : Анна Валеріївна Міщенко ; born 25 August 1983 in Sumy ) , is a Ukrainian middle distance runner who specializes in the 1500 metres ." } ] }, { "value": "Ukraine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ukraine", "summary": "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "4:05.32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hannah England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hannah_England", "summary": "Hannah England ( born 6 March 1987 ) is a British middle-distance running athlete who specialises in the 800 metres , 1500 metres and mile run . At 1500 m , she is the 2011 World Championship silver medallist and finished fourth at the 2013 World Championships . She also competed at the 2012 Olympic Games in London . England is one of only five British women in history ( as of 2019 ) to have run under two minutes for 800 m and nine minutes for 3000 m , the others being Christina Boxer , Kirsty Wade , Jessica Judd and Laura Muir . She announced her retirement from athletics on 14 January 2020 but plans to continue in her role as a national treasure ." } ] }, { "value": "Great Britain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "4:05.70", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Natallia Kareiva", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natallia_Kareiva", "summary": "Natallia Stanislavauna Kareiva ( Belarusian : Наталля Станіславаўна Карэйва ; born November 14 , 1985 ) is a Belarusian runner who specializes in the middle distance events . Kareiva received a two-year ban from the sport for doping after her biological passport showed abnormalities . The ban was set for the periods from August 2014 to 2016 and all her performances from July 28 , 2010 up to that period were erased ." } ] }, { "value": "Belarus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belarus", "summary": "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ." } ] }, { "value": "4:07.98", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fanjanteino Félix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fanjanteino_Félix", "summary": "Fanjanteino Félix ( née Rakotomalala ; born 26 January 1980 ) is a French middle distance runner . She originally competed for Madagascar and remains the country 's national indoor record holder over 800 metres and 1500 metres . She competed in the heats of the 800 m at the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships . She was seventh in the 1500 m at the 2009 Mediterranean Games , and just missed out on a medal at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie taking fourth in the 800 m. She set a personal best over 800 m at the Notturna di Milano meeting in September 2010 , where she finished third in a time of 2:00.18 minutes . Winner of the Indoor National 800m and 1500m Championships in 2010 , she was selected for France to attend the 2010 World Indoor Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "4:08.34", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Elisa Cusma Piccione", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Elisa_Cusma_Piccione", "summary": "Elisa Cusma ( born 24 July 1981 in Bologna ) is a female Italian middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres ." } ] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "4:08.53", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ingvill Måkestad Bovim", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ingvill_Måkestad_Bovim", "summary": "Ingvill Måkestad Bovim ( born 7 August 1981 , in Odda ) is a Norwegian track and field athlete who specializes in middle distance running . She is the Norwegian record holder over 800 metres ( 1:59.82 minutes ) and the less-contested 1000 m run ( 2:36.7 minutes ) . Her personal best in the 1500 metres is 4:02.20 minutes . She represented Norway over 1500 m at the 2010 European Athletics Championships and 2011 European Athletics Indoor Championships but did not progress beyond the heats . She won the 1500 metres in the First League section of the 2011 European Team Championships and went on to finish sixth in the event at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics" } ] }, { "value": "Norway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." } ] }, { "value": "4:08.75", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sylwia Ejdys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sylwia_Ejdys", "summary": "Sylwia Ejdys-Tomaszewska ( born 15 July 1984 in Bogatynia ) is a Polish middle distance runner who specialises in the 1500 metres . She competed in the event at the 2008 Summer Olympics . Her personal best for the distance is 4:02.30 minutes . Ejdys had a share in the women 's U23 team silver medal at the 2006 European Cross Country Championships alongside Katarzyna Kowalska . She claimed her first major win over 1500 metres at the 2007 European Cup . She was the bronze medallist at the 2007 World Student Games and became the 1500 m military champion at the 2007 Military World Games in October . She represented Poland at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , but did not make it past the first round of the 1500 m. She moved up to the 3000 metres for the 2009 European Team Championships and came runner-up to Gulnara Samitova-Galkina . She reached the semi-finals of her speciality at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics . Ejdys narrowly missed a medal at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships , coming in fourth place behind defending champion Gelete Burka . She reached the 1500 m final at the 2010 European Athletics Championships but performed poorly and finished dead last . She improved her 3000 m personal best at the BW-Bank Meeting in February 2011 , taking second place with a time of 8:43.22 minutes ." } ] }, { "value": "Poland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Poland", "summary": "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ." } ] }, { "value": "4:14.45", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "María Pánou", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Greece", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greece", "summary": "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ." } ] }, { "value": "4:16.85", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Irina Maracheva", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Irina_Maracheva", "summary": "Irina Maracheva ( born 29 September 1984 ) is a Russian athlete who competes in middle-distance running events . She has a personal best time of 1:57.82 minutes at the 800 metres . Maracheva won the bronze medal at the 2012 European Athletics Championships in Helsinki at the 800 metres event . On 25 January 2016 it was announced that she had been banned from competition for doping for 2 years by the Russian Olympic Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." } ] }, { "value": "4:17.28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mari Järvenpää", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Finland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Finland", "summary": "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ." } ] }, { "value": "4:21.95", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iris María Fuentes-Pila", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iris_María_Fuentes-Pila", "summary": "Iris María Fuentes-Pila Ortiz ( born 10 August 1980 , in Santander ) is a Spanish middle distance runner who specializes in the 1500 metres . She finished eleventh at the 2002 European Championships . She also competed at the 2004 Olympics , reaching the semi final . She was named for the Spanish 2007 European Indoor Championships team together with two sisters , Margarita and Zulema ." } ] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "4:24.15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Denise Krebs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "4:28.54", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Women -- 1500 metres", "section_text": "", "uid": "2010_European_Team_Championships_Super_League_24", "intro": "These are the complete results of the 2010 European Team Championships Super League which took place on 19 and 20 June 2010 in Bergen, Norway. As with the previous championships there were a couple of rules applying specifically to this competition, such as the limit of three attempts in the throwing events, long jump and triple jump (only the top four were allowed the fourth attempt) and the limit of four misses total in the high jump and pole vault." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_World_Golf_Rankings", "title": "Women's World Golf Rankings", "header": [ "Rank", "Country", "No . of players", "No . of weeks", "Players" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Korea", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Korea", "summary": "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "210", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jiyai Shin , Inbee Park , Ryu So-yeon , Park Sung-hyun , Ko Jin-young", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jiyai_Shin", "summary": "Jiyai Shin ( Korean : 신지애 Shin Ji-ae , [ ɕin dʑi.ɛː ] ; born 28 April 1988 ) is a former world No . 1 ranked South Korean professional golfer who primarily plays on the LPGA of Japan Tour as of the 2019 golf season . Shin previously played primarily on the LPGA Tour and the LPGA of Korea Tour ( KLPGA ) . She has broken existing KLPGA records , winning 10 events in 19 starts on the KLPGA Tour in 2007 . In 2008 , playing only 10 tournaments on the LPGA Tour as a non-member , she won three events , including the Women 's British Open and the ADT Championship . She has been ranked No . 1 in the Women 's World Golf Rankings for 25 weeks and was the first Asian to be ranked No . 1 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Inbee_Park", "summary": "Inbee Park ( Korean : 박인비 ; Hanja : 朴仁妃 , pronounced [ pɐɡinbi ] or [ pɐk̚ ] [ inbi ] ; born 12 July 1988 ) is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour and the LPGA of Japan Tour . She has been the number one ranked player in the Women 's World Golf Rankings for four separate runs : April 2013 to June 2014 , October 2014 to February 2015 , June 2015 to October 2015 , and from April to July 2018 . Park has won seven major championships in her career , including three consecutive major wins during the 2013 season , becoming only the fourth LPGA Tour player to win three majors in a calendar year . She is the youngest player to win the U.S. Women 's Open and the second player , after Annika Sorenstam , to win the Women 's PGA Championship three years in a row . Park is only the seventh player to win four different majors during her career and capture a career Grand Slam . In 2016 , she won the first Olympic gold medal since 1900 in the women 's individual tournament . Park has endorsement deals with KB Financial Group , Srixon , Panasonic , Lynx , Jeju Samdasoo & Mercedes-Benz ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ryu_So-yeon", "summary": "Ryu So-yeon ( Korean 유소연 , RR Ryu So-yeon , MR Ryu Soyŏn , pronounced [ ɾju sojʌn ] ; born 29 June 1990 ) , also known as So Yeon Ryu , is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour and on the LPGA of Korea Tour . She is a two-time major winner having won the 2011 U.S. Women 's Open and the 2017 ANA Inspiration . On 26 June 2017 , she became just the 11th No . 1-ranked golfer in the Rolex Rankings by virtue of winning her 5th LPGA Tour title at the Walmart NW Arkansas Championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Park_Sung-hyun_(golfer)", "summary": "Park Sung-hyun ( born 21 September 1993 ) , also known as Sung Hyun Park , is a South Korean professional golfer playing on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour . She has won two LPGA majors championships , the 2017 U.S. Women 's Open Golf Championship and the 2018 Women 's PGA Championship . She was the number one ranked golfer in the Women 's World Golf Rankings for a single week in 2017 and has returned to the number one spot in 2018 and 2019 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Jin-young", "summary": "Ko Jin-young ( Korean : 고진영 ; Hanja : 高眞榮 ; , born 7 July 1995 ) , also known as Jin Young Ko , is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour . By age 22 years , she had won 10 times on the LPGA of Korea Tour , was second at the 2015 Ricoh Womens British Open , and had won the 2017 LPGA KEB Hana Bank Championship . Having become a member of the LPGA Tour for the 2018 season , she won her opening tournament in February - the ISPS Handa Women 's Australian Open - as only the second player in LPGA history to win in her first tournament as a Tour member . With 13 top-10 finishes out of 25 tournaments played in 2018 , she was named the LPGA Rookie of the Year , and completed the 2018 season as the 10th-ranked female player in the world . In 2019 , she won her first two LPGA major championships at the ANA Inspiration and the Evian Championship . Ko completed the 2019 season with the official money title ( $ 2,773,894 ) and the Vare Trophy for the lowest scoring average ( 69.06 ) , and was named LPGA Player of the Year ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mexico", "summary": "Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "158", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lorena Ochoa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lorena_Ochoa", "summary": "Lorena Ochoa Reyes ( Spanish : [ loˈɾena oˈt͡ʃoa ] ( listen ) ; born 15 November 1981 ) is a former Mexican professional golfer who played on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour from 2003 to 2010 . She was the top-ranked female golfer in the world for 158 consecutive and total weeks ( both are LPGA Tour records ) , from 23 April 2007 to her retirement in 2 May 2010 , at the age of 28 years old . As the first Mexican golfer of either gender to be ranked number one in the world , she is considered the best Mexican golfer and the best Latin American female golfer of all time . Ochoa was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taiwan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taiwan", "summary": "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "109", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yani Tseng", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yani_Tseng", "summary": "Yani Tseng ( Chinese : 曾雅妮 Zēng Yǎní ; born 23 January 1989 ) is a Taiwanese professional golfer playing on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour . She is the youngest player ever , male or female , to win five major championships and was ranked number 1 in the Women 's World Golf Rankings for 109 consecutive weeks from 2011 to 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Zealand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Zealand", "summary": "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "104", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lydia Ko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lydia_Ko", "summary": "Lydia Ko MNZM ( born 24 April 1997 ) is a Korean-born New Zealand professional golfer who became the No . 1-ranked woman professional golfer on 2 February 2015 at 17 years , 9 months and 9 days of age , making her the youngest player of either gender to be ranked No . 1 in professional golf . Upon winning The Evian Championship in France on 13 September 2015 , she became the youngest woman , at age 18 years , 4 months and 20 days , to win a major championship . Her closing round of 63 was a record lowest final round in the history of women 's golf majors . On 3 April 2016 , she won the ANA Inspiration , for her second consecutive major championship , where she also became the youngest player to win two women 's major championships . Since turning professional in 2014 , Ko has career winnings of $ 10,031,335 as of 21 September 2019 . Additionally , she is the first LPGA Tour player to win at least $ 2,000,000 in each of her first three full seasons on Tour . She had been the top-ranked woman amateur golfer in the world for 130 weeks when she announced she was turning professional on 23 October 2013 . She became the youngest person ever to win a professional golf tour event and youngest person ever to win an LPGA Tour event . In August 2013 , she became the only amateur to win two LPGA Tour events . As an amateur she never missed a cut in 25 professional tournaments , and by September 2013 had risen to fifth in the Women 's World Golf Rankings in only 23 professional tournaments ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sweden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sweden", "summary": "Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "60", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Annika Sörenstam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Annika_Sörenstam", "summary": "Annika Sörenstam ( pronounced [ ˈǎnːɪka ˈsœ̂ːrɛnˌstam ] ( listen ) ; born 9 October 1970 ) is a retired Swedish professional golfer . She is regarded as one of the best female golfers in history . Before stepping away from competitive golf at the end of the 2008 season , she had won 90 international tournaments as a professional , making her the female golfer with the most wins to her name . She has won 72 official LPGA tournaments including ten majors and 18 other tournaments internationally , and she tops the LPGA 's career money list with earnings of over $ 22 million - over $ 2 million ahead of her nearest rival while playing 149 fewer events . Since 2006 , Sörenstam has held dual American and Swedish citizenship . The winner of a record eight Player of the Year awards , and six Vare Trophies given to the LPGA player with the lowest seasonal scoring average , she is the only female golfer to shoot a 59 in competition . She holds various all-time scoring records including the lowest season scoring average : 68.6969 in 2004 . Representing Europe in the Solheim Cup on eight occasions between 1994 and 2007 , Sörenstam was the event 's all-time leading points earner until her record was surpassed by England 's Laura Davies during the 2011 Solheim Cup . In 2003 , Sörenstam played in the Bank of America Colonial tournament to become the first woman to play in a PGA Tour event since 1945 ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cristie Kerr , Stacy Lewis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cristie_Kerr", "summary": "Cristie Kerr ( born October 12 , 1977 ) is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour . She has 20 wins on the LPGA Tour , including two major championships , and over $ 19 million in career earnings . Kerr was the number one-ranked golfer in the Women 's World Golf Rankings for three time periods in 2010 . She is naturally left handed but plays golf right handed ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Stacy_Lewis", "summary": "Stacy Lewis ( born February 16 , 1985 ) is an American professional golfer on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour . She has won two major championships : the Kraft Nabisco Championship in 2011 and the Women 's British Open in 2013 . She was ranked number one in the Women 's World Golf Rankings for four weeks in 2013 , and reclaimed the position in June 2014 with a victory at the ShopRite LPGA Classic for another 21 weeks ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "China", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/China", "summary": "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shanshan Feng", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shanshan_Feng", "summary": "Shanshan Feng ( Chinese : 冯珊珊 ; pinyin : Féng Shān Shān , Mandarin pronunciation : [ fə̌ŋ ʂə́ŋ ʂə́ŋ ] ; born 5 August 1989 ) is a Chinese professional golfer who plays on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour . She is the first player from China to become a member of the LPGA Tour , which she joined in 2008 . Feng has 10 victories on the tour , including the 2012 LPGA Championship , a major title , in which she shot a bogey-free 67 in the final round to win by two strokes . She is the first player from China to win an LPGA major championship , as well as the first player from mainland China ( male or female ) to win a major championship . Her best finish in 16 previous majors was a tie for 22nd at the 2012 Kraft Nabisco Championship . With the victory , she moved from tenth to fifth in the Women 's World Golf Rankings . On 20 August 2016 , Feng won the Olympic bronze medal in women 's golf at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro . From November 2017 to April 2018 , she was first in the Women 's World Golf Rankings ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thailand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thailand", "summary": "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ariya Jutanugarn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ariya_Jutanugarn", "summary": "Ariya Jutanugarn ( Thai : เอรียา จุฑานุกาล , RTGS : Eriya Chuthanukan , pronounced [ ʔēː.rīː.jāː t͡ɕùʔ.tʰāː.núʔ.kāːn ] ; born 23 November 1995 ) is a Thai professional golfer who plays on the American-based LPGA Tour . She was born in Bangkok . She is the first golfer , male or female , from Thailand to win a major championship . She became the number one ranked golfer in the Women 's World Golf Rankings in June 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Japan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Japan", "summary": "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ai Miyazato", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ai_Miyazato", "summary": "Ai Miyazato ( 宮里 藍 , Miyazato Ai , born 19 June 1985 ) is a former Japanese professional golfer who competed on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour and the LPGA of Japan Tour ( JLPGA ) . She was the top-ranked golfer in the Women 's World Golf Rankings on three occasions in 2010 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "World number ones -- Weeks at No . 1 by country", "section_text": "As of 3 February 2020", "uid": "Women's_World_Golf_Rankings_2", "intro": "The Women's World Golf Rankings, also known for sponsorship reasons as the Rolex Rankings, were introduced in February 2006. They are sanctioned by eight women's golf tours and the organisations behind them: Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA Tour), Ladies European Tour, Ladies Professional Golfers' Association of Japan (LPGA of Japan Tour), Korea Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA of Korea Tour), Australian Ladies Professional Golf (ALPG Tour), Symetra Tour, China Ladies Professional Golf Association Tour, the Ladies European Tour Access Series and also by the Ladies' Golf Union, which administers the Women's British Open and the United States Golf Association which conducts the U.S. Women's Open. The idea of introducing a set of women's rankings similar to the Official World Golf Ranking was developed at the May 2004 World Congress of Women's Golf, and was first planned for 2005, but then put back to 2006." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Belgian_Grand_Prix", "title": "2002 Belgian Grand Prix", "header": [ "Pos", "No", "Driver", "Constructor", "Lap", "Gap" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Schumacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Schumacher", "summary": "Michael Schumacher ( /ˈʃuːmɑːkər/ ; German : [ ˈmɪçaːʔeːl ˈʃuːmaxɐ ] ( listen ) ; born 3 January 1969 ) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix , Benetton and Ferrari , where he spent most of his career , as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport . Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever , and regarded by some as the greatest of all time , Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships , five of which he won consecutively . The most successful driver in the history of the sport , Schumacher holds the records for the most World Championship titles ( 7 ) , the most Grand Prix wins ( 91 ) , the most fastest laps ( 77 ) and the most races won in a single season ( 13 ) , and according to the official Formula One website ( Formula1.com ) , Schumacher was statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen at the time of his retirement from the sport . After success in karting as a child , Schumacher won titles in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton for the rest of that season . He finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , before becoming the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill , albeit in controversial circumstances . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . In 1996 Schumacher moved to Ferrari , who had last won the Drivers ' Championship in 1979 , and helped them transform into the most successful team in Formula One history , as he came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 , including an unprecedented sixth and seventh title . In 2002 Schumacher won the title with a record six races remaining and finished on the podium in every race . In 2004 Schumacher won twelve out of the first thirteen races and went on to win a record 13 times as he won his final title . Schumacher retired from Formula One in 2006 , after finishing runner-up to Renault 's Fernando Alonso ." } ] }, { "value": "Ferrari", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari", "summary": "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "1:43.726", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kimi Räikkönen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimi_Räikkönen", "summary": "Kimi-Matias Räikkönen ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkimi ˈmɑtiɑs ˈræikːønen ] ; born 17 October 1979 ) , nicknamed Iceman , is a Finnish racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Alfa Romeo Racing . He won the 2007 Formula One World Championship in his first season at Scuderia Ferrari . After nine seasons racing in Formula One he left the sport to compete in the World Rally Championship in 2010 and 2011 , returning to Formula One from 2012 . In addition to this title , Räikkönen also finished second overall in 2003 and 2005 , and third in 2008 , 2012 and 2018 . Räikkönen has won 21 Grands Prix , making him the most successful Finnish driver in terms of Formula One race wins . He is the only driver to take a race win in the V10 , V8 and the hybrid V6 engine eras . Räikkönen entered Formula One as a regular driver for Sauber-Petronas in 2001 , having competed in only 23 car races previously . He joined McLaren-Mercedes in 2002 , and became a title contender by finishing runner-up in the championship to Michael Schumacher in 2003 , and Fernando Alonso in 2005 . Räikkönen 's seasons at McLaren were plagued by severe unreliability from his cars , prompting a move to Ferrari in 2007 . This change saw him crowned Formula One World Drivers ' Champion that season , pipping both McLaren drivers-Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso-to the title by just one point . In 2008 he equalled the record for the greatest number of fastest laps in a season for the second time . Räikkönen left both Scuderia Ferrari and the sport after the 2009 season , his sole victory that year having come in that season 's Belgian Grand Prix due to driving an uncompetitive Ferrari F60 ." } ] }, { "value": "McLaren - Mercedes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/McLaren", "summary": "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains", "summary": "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:44.150", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.424", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rubens Barrichello", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rubens_Barrichello", "summary": "Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁubẽjz ɡõ'sawviz baʁiˈkɛlʊ ] , [ ʁuˈbĩjʊ ] ; born 23 May 1972 ) is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011 , scoring 11 Grand Prix wins and 68 podiums . Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005 , as Michael Schumacher 's teammate , enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in 2002 and 2004 . He also finished third in 2001 and 2009 . Barrichello holds the record for most race starts in Formula One ( 322 ) and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history . Schumacher 's retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid , and at the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix he became the most experienced driver in F1 history . He became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts , doing so in 2010 . During his six years with Ferrari , Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors ' titles , as Schumacher won five drivers ' titles in a row between 2000 and 2004 . At the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda . In 2009 , he finished third in the Drivers ' Championship for Brawn GP , as his teammate Jenson Button won the title . This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth Constructors ' title . He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association in 2010 , but after losing his seat in Formula One , he was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa . Barrichello was renowned for his mechanical and technical expertise , with a sixth sense of predicting and detecting technical issues and opportunities for improvement in a car ." } ] }, { "value": "Ferrari", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari", "summary": "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "1:44.335", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.609", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ralf Schumacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ralf_Schumacher", "summary": "Ralf Schumacher ( born 30 June 1975 ) is a German former racing driver . He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races . Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series . He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season . Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999 , finishing sixth in the Drivers ' Championship that year . He won his first Grand Prix in 2001 , en route to fourth place in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years . Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005 . However , his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One , as a result of internal pressure . After leaving Formula One , Schumacher joined the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2008 , achieving minor success , and retired from motorsport at the end of 2012 to enter a managerial role within DTM , mentoring young drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "Williams - BMW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering", "summary": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One", "summary": "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1:44.348", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.622", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Juan Pablo Montoya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Montoya", "summary": "Juan Pablo Montoya Roldán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈxwan ˈpaβlo monˈtoʝa ] ; born September 20 , 1975 ) , is a Colombian-American racing driver . He currently competes in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship driving for Acura Team Penske , having won the championship in 2019 . He won the International F3000 championship in 1998 , the CART FedEx Championship Series in 1999 in his debut year in the series , and the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship in 2019 . His race wins include the Indianapolis 500 ( 2000 , 2015 ) , Grand Prix of Monaco ( 2003 ) , 24 Hours of Daytona ( 2007 , 2008 , 2013 ) , British Grand Prix ( 2005 ) , Italian Grand Prix ( 2001 , 2005 ) , Grand Prix of Long Beach ( 1999 ) , and the Race of Champions ( 2017 ) . Montoya is , alongside Fernando Alonso , one of only two active drivers who have won two legs of the Triple Crown of Motorsport in its original definition . Montoya also equals Mario Andretti and Dan Gurney by winning races in Indy cars , Formula One cars and NASCAR Cup cars . In October 2009 , Montoya was ranked 30th on Times Online 's list of the Top 50 Formula One drivers of all time ." } ] }, { "value": "Williams - BMW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering", "summary": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One", "summary": "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1:44.634", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.908", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Coulthard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Coulthard", "summary": "David Marshall Coulthard , MBE ( /ˈkoʊlθɑːrt/ ; born 27 March 1971 ) , known as DC , is a Scottish former Formula One racing driver turned presenter , commentator and journalist . He was runner-up in the 2001 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for McLaren . Coulthard began karting at the age of eleven and achieved early success before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the Formula 3000 series . He first drove in Formula One with Williams in the 1994 season succeeding the late Ayrton Senna . The following year he won his first Grand Prix in Portugal , and then for the 1996 season he moved to McLaren . After winning two races in the 1997 season , he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship in the 1998 season . He won five races throughout 1999 and 2000 before finishing 2nd in the Drivers ' Championship to Michael Schumacher in 2001 . Two more victories followed between 2002 and 2003 before he left McLaren at the end of 2004 . He moved to Red Bull in 2005 and secured their first podium a year later . Coulthard retired from Formula One racing at the end of 2008 . After retiring from Formula One Coulthard continued working with Red Bull as a consultant and joined the BBC as a commentator and pundit for their coverage of Formula One . He returned to active motorsports in 2010 joining Mücke Motorsport in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters and retired at the end of 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "McLaren - Mercedes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/McLaren", "summary": "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains", "summary": "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:44.759", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.033", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jarno Trulli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jarno_Trulli", "summary": "Jarno Trulli ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈjarno ˈtrulli ] ; born 13 July 1974 ) is an Italian racing driver . He regularly competed in Formula One from 1997 to 2011 , driving for Minardi , Prost , Jordan , Renault , Toyota , Lotus Racing and Team Lotus . His best result in the World Drivers ' Championship was sixth place in 2004 ; this was also the year in which he scored the only win of his Formula One career at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . Throughout his Formula One career , Trulli was renowned for his skill in qualifying , regularly achieving far better grid positions than rivals with superior cars to his own . He was also known for his defensive driving style which allowed him to successfully hold off quicker drivers , sometimes for an entire race . The combination of being able to achieve high grid positions in comparatively slow cars and his ability to hold off faster drivers would often result in a line of vehicles forming behind him during a race , which was commonly referred to as the 'Trulli Train ' by commentators , fans and journalists . Trulli was slated to compete in the 2012 Formula One season , but retired before the season began . In 2014-15 he competed in the inaugural season of the FIA Formula E Championship , driving for Trulli GP , a team he founded himself ." } ] }, { "value": "Renault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One", "summary": "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:45.386", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.660", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eddie Irvine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eddie_Irvine", "summary": "Edmund Irvine Jr. ( born 10 November 1965 ) is a former racing driver from Northern Ireland . He competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2002 , and finished runner-up in the 1999 World Drivers ' Championship , driving for Scuderia Ferrari . He began his career at the age of seventeen when he entered the Formula Ford Championship , achieving early success , before progressing to the Formula Three and Formula 3000 Championships . He made his Formula One debut in 1993 with Jordan Grand Prix , where he achieved early notoriety for his involvement in incidents on and off the track . He scored his first podium in 1995 with Jordan , before moving to Ferrari in 1996 . His most successful season was in 1999 when he took four victories and challenged McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen for the World Championship . He moved to Jaguar Racing in 2000 , scoring the team 's first podium in 2001 and his final podium in 2002 . Irvine retired from competitive motorsport at the end of the 2002 season . Since retiring , Irvine became a media personality in Great Britain . He was linked with the takeover of the Jordan and Minardi Formula One teams in 2005 , but talks came to nothing . Irvine also expanded his interests in the property market , having built up an investment portfolio during his racing career ." } ] }, { "value": "Jaguar - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jaguar_Racing", "summary": "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:45.865", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.139", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mika Salo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mika_Salo", "summary": "Mika Juhani Salo ( born 30 November 1966 ) is a Finnish former professional racing driver . He competed in Formula One between 1994 and 2002 . His best ranking was 10th in the world championship in 1999 , when he stood in for the injured Michael Schumacher at Ferrari for six races , scoring two podiums . He also won the GT2 class in the 2008 and 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans ." } ] }, { "value": "Toyota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)", "summary": "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "1:45.880", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.154", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jenson Button", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jenson_Button", "summary": "Jenson Alexander Lyons Button MBE ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British racing driver and former Formula One driver . He won the 2009 Formula One World Championship , driving for Brawn GP . He currently competes in the Japanese Super GT Series driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu , in which he won the title in 2018 . Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success , before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Williams for the 2000 season . The following year he switched to Benetton , which in 2002 became Renault , and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR . In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship , with only the two Ferraris ahead of him . BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season , during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary , after 113 races . Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008 , he was left without a drive for the 2009 season , until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009 , and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive , Mercedes-engined car . He went on to win a record-tying six of the first seven races of the 2009 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix , having led on points all season ; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors ' Championship . For 2010 , he moved to McLaren , partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton . After finishing fifth for the team in 2010 , Button finished the 2011 season as runner-up ." } ] }, { "value": "Renault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One", "summary": "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:45.972", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.246", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pedro de la Rosa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Rosa", "summary": "Pedro Martínez de la Rosa ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpeðɾo ðe la ˈrosa ] ; born 24 February 1971 ) is a Spanish former Formula One driver who has participated in 107 Grands Prix for the Arrows , Jaguar , McLaren , Sauber and HRT teams , debuting on 7 March 1999 , becoming one of very few drivers to score a point at his first race . He has scored a total of 35 championship points , which includes a podium finish at the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix . On 21 November 2011 , De la Rosa signed a two-year contract to drive for the HRT F1 team , but he only remained with the team for one season , after HRT withdrew from the 2013 team list , leaving him without a drive for the 2013 season . On 16 January 2013 , De la Rosa was announced as the Ferrari development driver for the 2013 Formula One season . De la Rosa , along with Michael Schumacher was the last F1 driver that had raced in the sport in the 1990s ." } ] }, { "value": "Jaguar - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jaguar_Racing", "summary": "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:46.056", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.330", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jacques Villeneuve", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve", "summary": "Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve OQ ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʒɑk vilnœv ] ; born April 9 , 1971 ) is a Canadian professional auto racing driver and amateur musician . Villeneuve currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the # 32 Chevrolet Camaro for Go Fas Racing in the Elite 1 class . He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle , who was also a racer . Villeneuve won the 1995 CART Championship , the 1995 Indianapolis 500 and the 1997 Formula One World Championship , making him only the third driver after Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi to achieve such a feat . As of 2019 [ update ] , no other Canadian has won the Indianapolis 500 or the Formula One Drivers ' title . Following two successful years in CART , Villeneuve moved into Formula One with the front-running Williams team , alongside Damon Hill . In his debut season , Villeneuve challenged teammate Hill for the title , winning four races and taking the fight to the final round in Japan , where Villeneuve retired and Hill won the race and the title . Villeneuve , however , did win the following year 's title , this time challenging Michael Schumacher and once again taking it to the final round in Jerez , where Schumacher retired after the two collided . 1997 would be the last year in which Villeneuve would win a championship level race and finish the season in the top three . For 1998 , Villeneuve 's Williams team had to fare with less competitive Mecachrome engines , and Villeneuve moved to the newly formed British American Racing team in 1999 . He stayed there for the next four seasons but , following poor results he was replaced by former British Formula Three Champion Takuma Sato . Villeneuve also drove for Renault at the end of 2004 , and Sauber in the 2005 season and eleven races of the 2006 season before suffering an injury in Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "BAR - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/British_American_Racing", "summary": "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:46.403", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.677", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Allan McNish", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Allan_McNish", "summary": "Allan McNish ( born 29 December 1969 ) is a British former racing driver , commentator , and journalist from Scotland . He is a three-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans , most recently in 2013 , as well as a three-time winner of the American Le Mans Series , which he last won in 2007 . He won the FIA World Endurance Championship ( FIA WEC ) in 2013 . He has also been a co-commentator and pundit for BBC Formula One coverage on TV , radio and online and is currently the team principal of the Audi Sport ABT Schaeffler Formula E team ." } ] }, { "value": "Toyota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)", "summary": "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "1:46.485", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.759", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Giancarlo Fisichella", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giancarlo_Fisichella", "summary": "Giancarlo Fisichella ( Italian pronunciation : [ dʒaŋˈkarlo fiziˈkɛlla ] ; born 14 January 1973 ) , also known as Fisico , Giano or Fisi , is an Italian professional racing driver . He has driven in Formula One for Minardi , Jordan , Benetton , Sauber , Renault , Force India and Ferrari . Since then he has driven for AF Corse in their Ferrari 458 GTE at various sportscar events , becoming twice a Le Mans 24 Hour class winner , and a GT class winner of the Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta . He was also Ferrari 's F1 reserve driver for 2010 . Fisichella won three races in his Formula One career , the first of which was at the chaotic 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix , a race abandoned for safety reasons with 15 laps remaining . After several days of confusion regarding rules and technicalities , Fisichella was eventually declared the winner in the following week , and collected his trophy in an unofficial ceremony at the following race . He was brought into the Renault team to replace fellow Italian Jarno Trulli , and won his first race with the team in Australia in 2005 . However , after that race it was his teammate , the Spanish driver Fernando Alonso , that would win the greater share of races for Renault . Although highly rated as a driver , Fisichella was unable to keep pace with eventual champion Alonso , managing just one further race win following his debut . Outside of driving , he has backed his own GP2 team , FMS International . On 17 June 2012 Fisichella won the GTE Pro division of the Le Mans 24hrs for AF Corse and followed this up with the Manufacturers ' title in the WEC at the end of the season ." } ] }, { "value": "Jordan - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix", "summary": "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:46.508", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.782", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Olivier Panis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Olivier_Panis", "summary": "Olivier Panis ( born 2 September 1966 ) is a French professional racing driver . Panis drove in Formula One for ten seasons , scoring one win at the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix for the Ligier team . As of 2019 , he is the last French driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix . He is the father of racing driver Aurélien Panis ." } ] }, { "value": "BAR - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/British_American_Racing", "summary": "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:46.553", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.827", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Takuma Sato", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Takuma_Sato", "summary": "Takuma Sato ( 佐藤 琢磨 , Satō Takuma , born 28 January 1977 ) is a Japanese professional racing driver . Sato has raced full-time in the IndyCar Series since 2010 for the Honda-powered KV , Rahal , Foyt , Andretti , and again starting from 2018 , the Rahal teams . Sato won the 2017 Indianapolis 500 , becoming the first Asian driver to win the Indy 500 . He also became the first Japanese driver to win an IndyCar race when he won the 2013 Grand Prix of Long Beach . He competed in Formula One from 2002 to 2008 for the Honda-powered Jordan , BAR and Super Aguri teams , scoring a single podium at the 2004 United States Grand Prix . His 8th-place finish in the 2004 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship is the best-ever result for a Japanese driver in the series ." } ] }, { "value": "Jordan - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix", "summary": "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:46.875", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+3.149", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Felipe Massa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Felipe_Massa", "summary": "Felipe Massa ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fiˈlipi ˈmasɐ ] , born 25 April 1981 ) is a Brazilian Formula E and former Formula One racing driver . He competed in 15 seasons of Formula One between 2002 and 2017 , where he scored 11 Grand Prix victories , 41 podiums and finished as championship runner-up in 2008 . Massa started his career in go-karting from the age of eight continuing in national and regional championships for seven years . He moved into Formula Chevrolet and claimed the championship . He moved in Italian Formula Renault in 2000 and won the title along with the European championship . Massa went into Euro Formula 3000 taking the championship in 2001 . Massa started his Formula One career with Sauber before joining Scuderia Ferrari as a test driver for 2003 . He returned to Sauber for 2004 and 2005 before rejoining Ferrari where he won two races in 2006 including his home Grand Prix becoming the first Brazilian since Ayrton Senna to win the Brazilian Grand Prix . Massa won three races in 2007 , finishing 4th in the Drivers ' Championship . He finished second in the 2008 Drivers ' World Championship after a long title battle with Lewis Hamilton , winning six races to Hamilton 's five . At the 2009 Hungarian Grand Prix , Massa was injured by a suspension spring off the Brawn GP car of Rubens Barrichello . Massa was forced to miss the rest of the season but returned in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sauber - Petronas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sauber", "summary": "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering", "summary": "Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended ." } ] }, { "value": "1:46.896", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+3.170", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nick Heidfeld", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nick_Heidfeld", "summary": "Nick Lars Heidfeld ( born 10 May 1977 ) is a German professional racing driver . Despite scoring regular podium finishes in 2005 with Williams , and in 2007 and 2008 with BMW Sauber , Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in 2000 . Heidfeld currently holds three Formula One records ; most podium finishes without a Grand Prix win ( 13 ) , most second-place finishes without a win ( 8 ) , and the most consecutive race classifications ( 41 ) . In 2011 , Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica , his former BMW Sauber teammate , before being replaced by Bruno Senna . He currently drives for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E ." } ] }, { "value": "Sauber - Petronas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sauber", "summary": "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering", "summary": "Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended ." } ] }, { "value": "1:47.272", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+3.546", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Webber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Webber", "summary": "Mark Alan Webber AO ( born 27 August 1976 ) is an Australian former professional racing driver , who last competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship as a Porsche works driver in LMP1 , in which he won the championship in 2015 . Webber won nine Formula One Grands Prix and finished third in the championship in 2010 , 2011 and 2013 , all of which achieved while driving for Red Bull Racing . After some racing success in Australia driving Formula Ford and Formula Holden , Webber moved to the United Kingdom in 1995 to further his motorsport career . Webber began a partnership with fellow Australian Paul Stoddart , at that time owner of the European Racing Formula 3000 team , which eventually took them both into Formula One when Stoddart bought the Minardi team . He also beat future F1 World Champion Fernando Alonso , then 19 , in the 2000 International Formula 3000 season . Webber made his Formula One debut in 2002 , scoring Minardi 's first points in three years at his and Stoddart 's home race . After his first season , Jaguar took him on as lead driver . During two years with the generally uncompetitive team , Webber qualified on the front two rows of the grid several times and outperformed his teammates . His first F1 win was with Red Bull at the 2009 German Grand Prix , which followed second places at the 2009 Chinese Grand Prix , 2009 Turkish Grand Prix and 2009 British Grand Prix . By the end of 2009 , Webber had scored eight podiums , including another victory in Brazil . His eight podiums in 2009 compares with only two podiums in the first seven years of his career . He added ten more podiums in 2010 , including victories in Spain , Monaco , Britain and Hungary ." } ] }, { "value": "Minardi - Asiatech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minardi", "summary": "Minardi was an Italian automobile racing team and constructor founded in Faenza in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi . It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005 with little success , nevertheless acquiring a loyal following of fans . In 2001 , to save the team from folding , Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart , who ran the team for five years before selling it on to Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed it Scuderia Toro Rosso . From 2001 , all of Minardi chassis are called PS then a number , the PS being the initials of team owner , Paul Stoddart . During its time in F1 , the team scored a total of 38 championship points ; 16 of these were earned by the team 's first driver , Pierluigi Martini . Martini also recorded the team 's only front row start , qualifying 2nd at the 1990 United States Grand Prix , and he led a lap during the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix , the only time a Minardi led a lap . The team never achieved a podium finish , only managing three 4th-place finishes : Martini twice in 1991 and Christian Fittipaldi in 1993 . In the 21 seasons , Minardi entered 37 drivers . Thirteen had Italian nationality , the others came with 13 different nationalities ( discounting Doornbos racing under a Monaco license in 2005 ) . Martini started in 103 Grands Prix for the team , while Morbidelli and Gené started 33 times . Before Minardi 's demise , the team was a particularly well-liked team within Formula One circles for its friendliness , accessibility , and lack of corporate culture . On the track , their cars were regarded by many as well-designed for their tiny budget , their low position recognised as a result of a lack of funds ( and engine power ) rather than a poor car ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Asiatech", "summary": "Asiatech was the trade name of Asia Motor Technologies France , a company founded in 2000 by Japanese private capital under the leadership of Dr. John Gano and Enrique Scalabroni , which purchased the assets of the Peugeot Formula One programme at the end of the 2000 season . Its mandate was to acquire top-level European engine technology for Asia and to create an Asian-themed F1 team . It increased staffing from 170 to 221 employees , supplied its engines in development for testing at no cost to minor teams in 2001 and 2002 , and had designed and presented the wind-tunnel model of its original F1 chassis when its Japanese private funding failed in 2002 . Asiatech returned the staff and facilities it had acquired back to Peugeot and wound down at the end of the 2002 season ." } ] }, { "value": "1:47.562", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+3.836", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anthony Davidson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anthony_Davidson", "summary": "Anthony Denis Davidson ( born 18 April 1979 ) is a British racing driver currently contracted by Toyota Hybrid Racing in the FIA World Endurance Championship as a reserve driver . He has raced in Formula One for Minardi and Super Aguri , and has been a test or reserve driver for the British American Racing , Honda , and Brawn GP teams . He is also an analyst for the Sky Sports F1 television channel , and a simulator and demonstration driver for Mercedes AMG Petronas . Davidson was the 2014 WEC World Champion , alongside his teammate , Sébastien Buemi ." } ] }, { "value": "Minardi - Asiatech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minardi", "summary": "Minardi was an Italian automobile racing team and constructor founded in Faenza in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi . It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005 with little success , nevertheless acquiring a loyal following of fans . In 2001 , to save the team from folding , Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart , who ran the team for five years before selling it on to Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed it Scuderia Toro Rosso . From 2001 , all of Minardi chassis are called PS then a number , the PS being the initials of team owner , Paul Stoddart . During its time in F1 , the team scored a total of 38 championship points ; 16 of these were earned by the team 's first driver , Pierluigi Martini . Martini also recorded the team 's only front row start , qualifying 2nd at the 1990 United States Grand Prix , and he led a lap during the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix , the only time a Minardi led a lap . The team never achieved a podium finish , only managing three 4th-place finishes : Martini twice in 1991 and Christian Fittipaldi in 1993 . In the 21 seasons , Minardi entered 37 drivers . Thirteen had Italian nationality , the others came with 13 different nationalities ( discounting Doornbos racing under a Monaco license in 2005 ) . Martini started in 103 Grands Prix for the team , while Morbidelli and Gené started 33 times . Before Minardi 's demise , the team was a particularly well-liked team within Formula One circles for its friendliness , accessibility , and lack of corporate culture . On the track , their cars were regarded by many as well-designed for their tiny budget , their low position recognised as a result of a lack of funds ( and engine power ) rather than a poor car ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Asiatech", "summary": "Asiatech was the trade name of Asia Motor Technologies France , a company founded in 2000 by Japanese private capital under the leadership of Dr. John Gano and Enrique Scalabroni , which purchased the assets of the Peugeot Formula One programme at the end of the 2000 season . Its mandate was to acquire top-level European engine technology for Asia and to create an Asian-themed F1 team . It increased staffing from 170 to 221 employees , supplied its engines in development for testing at no cost to minor teams in 2001 and 2002 , and had designed and presented the wind-tunnel model of its original F1 chassis when its Japanese private funding failed in 2002 . Asiatech returned the staff and facilities it had acquired back to Peugeot and wound down at the end of the 2002 season ." } ] }, { "value": "1:48.170", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+4.444", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Classification -- Qualifying", "section_text": "", "uid": "2002_Belgian_Grand_Prix_0", "intro": "The 2002 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 1 September 2002. It was the fourteenth race of the 2002 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race was won by Michael Schumacher, driving a Ferrari. Schumacher took pole position, led the whole race except during the pit stops, and set the fastest race lap. With the win, he became the first driver to win ten Formula One Grands Prix in a single season, surpassing the record jointly held by himself and Nigel Mansell. Team-mate Rubens Barrichello finished second, with Juan Pablo Montoya third in a Williams-BMW. Two months after the race, it was announced that the Belgian Grand Prix would not be held in 2003 due to a row over tobacco advertising. Spa would return to the F1 calendar in 2004, however, when the Bus Stop chicane was modified significantly." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Brazilian_Grand_Prix", "title": "2004 Brazilian Grand Prix", "header": [ "Pos", "No", "Driver", "Constructor", "Time", "Gap" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rubens Barrichello", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rubens_Barrichello", "summary": "Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁubẽjz ɡõ'sawviz baʁiˈkɛlʊ ] , [ ʁuˈbĩjʊ ] ; born 23 May 1972 ) is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011 , scoring 11 Grand Prix wins and 68 podiums . Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005 , as Michael Schumacher 's teammate , enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in 2002 and 2004 . He also finished third in 2001 and 2009 . Barrichello holds the record for most race starts in Formula One ( 322 ) and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history . Schumacher 's retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid , and at the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix he became the most experienced driver in F1 history . He became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts , doing so in 2010 . During his six years with Ferrari , Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors ' titles , as Schumacher won five drivers ' titles in a row between 2000 and 2004 . At the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda . In 2009 , he finished third in the Drivers ' Championship for Brawn GP , as his teammate Jenson Button won the title . This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth Constructors ' title . He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association in 2010 , but after losing his seat in Formula One , he was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa . Barrichello was renowned for his mechanical and technical expertise , with a sixth sense of predicting and detecting technical issues and opportunities for improvement in a car ." } ] }, { "value": "Ferrari", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari", "summary": "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "1:10.646", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Juan Pablo Montoya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Montoya", "summary": "Juan Pablo Montoya Roldán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈxwan ˈpaβlo monˈtoʝa ] ; born September 20 , 1975 ) , is a Colombian-American racing driver . He currently competes in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship driving for Acura Team Penske , having won the championship in 2019 . He won the International F3000 championship in 1998 , the CART FedEx Championship Series in 1999 in his debut year in the series , and the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship in 2019 . His race wins include the Indianapolis 500 ( 2000 , 2015 ) , Grand Prix of Monaco ( 2003 ) , 24 Hours of Daytona ( 2007 , 2008 , 2013 ) , British Grand Prix ( 2005 ) , Italian Grand Prix ( 2001 , 2005 ) , Grand Prix of Long Beach ( 1999 ) , and the Race of Champions ( 2017 ) . Montoya is , alongside Fernando Alonso , one of only two active drivers who have won two legs of the Triple Crown of Motorsport in its original definition . Montoya also equals Mario Andretti and Dan Gurney by winning races in Indy cars , Formula One cars and NASCAR Cup cars . In October 2009 , Montoya was ranked 30th on Times Online 's list of the Top 50 Formula One drivers of all time ." } ] }, { "value": "Williams - BMW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering", "summary": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One", "summary": "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1:10.850", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.204", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kimi Räikkönen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimi_Räikkönen", "summary": "Kimi-Matias Räikkönen ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkimi ˈmɑtiɑs ˈræikːønen ] ; born 17 October 1979 ) , nicknamed Iceman , is a Finnish racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Alfa Romeo Racing . He won the 2007 Formula One World Championship in his first season at Scuderia Ferrari . After nine seasons racing in Formula One he left the sport to compete in the World Rally Championship in 2010 and 2011 , returning to Formula One from 2012 . In addition to this title , Räikkönen also finished second overall in 2003 and 2005 , and third in 2008 , 2012 and 2018 . Räikkönen has won 21 Grands Prix , making him the most successful Finnish driver in terms of Formula One race wins . He is the only driver to take a race win in the V10 , V8 and the hybrid V6 engine eras . Räikkönen entered Formula One as a regular driver for Sauber-Petronas in 2001 , having competed in only 23 car races previously . He joined McLaren-Mercedes in 2002 , and became a title contender by finishing runner-up in the championship to Michael Schumacher in 2003 , and Fernando Alonso in 2005 . Räikkönen 's seasons at McLaren were plagued by severe unreliability from his cars , prompting a move to Ferrari in 2007 . This change saw him crowned Formula One World Drivers ' Champion that season , pipping both McLaren drivers-Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso-to the title by just one point . In 2008 he equalled the record for the greatest number of fastest laps in a season for the second time . Räikkönen left both Scuderia Ferrari and the sport after the 2009 season , his sole victory that year having come in that season 's Belgian Grand Prix due to driving an uncompetitive Ferrari F60 ." } ] }, { "value": "McLaren - Mercedes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/McLaren", "summary": "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains", "summary": "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:10.892", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.246", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Felipe Massa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Felipe_Massa", "summary": "Felipe Massa ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fiˈlipi ˈmasɐ ] , born 25 April 1981 ) is a Brazilian Formula E and former Formula One racing driver . He competed in 15 seasons of Formula One between 2002 and 2017 , where he scored 11 Grand Prix victories , 41 podiums and finished as championship runner-up in 2008 . Massa started his career in go-karting from the age of eight continuing in national and regional championships for seven years . He moved into Formula Chevrolet and claimed the championship . He moved in Italian Formula Renault in 2000 and won the title along with the European championship . Massa went into Euro Formula 3000 taking the championship in 2001 . Massa started his Formula One career with Sauber before joining Scuderia Ferrari as a test driver for 2003 . He returned to Sauber for 2004 and 2005 before rejoining Ferrari where he won two races in 2006 including his home Grand Prix becoming the first Brazilian since Ayrton Senna to win the Brazilian Grand Prix . Massa won three races in 2007 , finishing 4th in the Drivers ' Championship . He finished second in the 2008 Drivers ' World Championship after a long title battle with Lewis Hamilton , winning six races to Hamilton 's five . At the 2009 Hungarian Grand Prix , Massa was injured by a suspension spring off the Brawn GP car of Rubens Barrichello . Massa was forced to miss the rest of the season but returned in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sauber - Petronas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sauber", "summary": "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering", "summary": "Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended ." } ] }, { "value": "1:10.922", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.276", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jenson Button", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jenson_Button", "summary": "Jenson Alexander Lyons Button MBE ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British racing driver and former Formula One driver . He won the 2009 Formula One World Championship , driving for Brawn GP . He currently competes in the Japanese Super GT Series driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu , in which he won the title in 2018 . Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success , before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Williams for the 2000 season . The following year he switched to Benetton , which in 2002 became Renault , and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR . In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship , with only the two Ferraris ahead of him . BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season , during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary , after 113 races . Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008 , he was left without a drive for the 2009 season , until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009 , and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive , Mercedes-engined car . He went on to win a record-tying six of the first seven races of the 2009 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix , having led on points all season ; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors ' Championship . For 2010 , he moved to McLaren , partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton . After finishing fifth for the team in 2010 , Button finished the 2011 season as runner-up ." } ] }, { "value": "BAR - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/British_American_Racing", "summary": "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.092", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.446", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Takuma Sato", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Takuma_Sato", "summary": "Takuma Sato ( 佐藤 琢磨 , Satō Takuma , born 28 January 1977 ) is a Japanese professional racing driver . Sato has raced full-time in the IndyCar Series since 2010 for the Honda-powered KV , Rahal , Foyt , Andretti , and again starting from 2018 , the Rahal teams . Sato won the 2017 Indianapolis 500 , becoming the first Asian driver to win the Indy 500 . He also became the first Japanese driver to win an IndyCar race when he won the 2013 Grand Prix of Long Beach . He competed in Formula One from 2002 to 2008 for the Honda-powered Jordan , BAR and Super Aguri teams , scoring a single podium at the 2004 United States Grand Prix . His 8th-place finish in the 2004 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship is the best-ever result for a Japanese driver in the series ." } ] }, { "value": "BAR - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/British_American_Racing", "summary": "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.120", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.474", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ralf Schumacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ralf_Schumacher", "summary": "Ralf Schumacher ( born 30 June 1975 ) is a German former racing driver . He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races . Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series . He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season . Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999 , finishing sixth in the Drivers ' Championship that year . He won his first Grand Prix in 2001 , en route to fourth place in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years . Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005 . However , his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One , as a result of internal pressure . After leaving Formula One , Schumacher joined the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2008 , achieving minor success , and retired from motorsport at the end of 2012 to enter a managerial role within DTM , mentoring young drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "Williams - BMW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering", "summary": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One", "summary": "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.131", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.485", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8*", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Schumacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Schumacher", "summary": "Michael Schumacher ( /ˈʃuːmɑːkər/ ; German : [ ˈmɪçaːʔeːl ˈʃuːmaxɐ ] ( listen ) ; born 3 January 1969 ) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix , Benetton and Ferrari , where he spent most of his career , as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport . Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever , and regarded by some as the greatest of all time , Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships , five of which he won consecutively . The most successful driver in the history of the sport , Schumacher holds the records for the most World Championship titles ( 7 ) , the most Grand Prix wins ( 91 ) , the most fastest laps ( 77 ) and the most races won in a single season ( 13 ) , and according to the official Formula One website ( Formula1.com ) , Schumacher was statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen at the time of his retirement from the sport . After success in karting as a child , Schumacher won titles in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton for the rest of that season . He finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , before becoming the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill , albeit in controversial circumstances . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . In 1996 Schumacher moved to Ferrari , who had last won the Drivers ' Championship in 1979 , and helped them transform into the most successful team in Formula One history , as he came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 , including an unprecedented sixth and seventh title . In 2002 Schumacher won the title with a record six races remaining and finished on the podium in every race . In 2004 Schumacher won twelve out of the first thirteen races and went on to win a record 13 times as he won his final title . Schumacher retired from Formula One in 2006 , after finishing runner-up to Renault 's Fernando Alonso ." } ] }, { "value": "Ferrari", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari", "summary": "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.386", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.740", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fernando Alonso", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fernando_Alonso", "summary": "Fernando Alonso Díaz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ feɾˈnando aˈlonso ˈði.aθ ] ( listen ) ; born 29 July 1981 ) is a Spanish racing driver who won the Formula One World Championship in 2005 and 2006 for the Renault team . Away from Formula One , he is a champion of the 2018-19 FIA World Endurance Championship and a two-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2018 and 2019 with Toyota . Alonso also won the 2019 24 Hours of Daytona for Wayne Taylor Racing . Born in Oviedo , Asturias to a working-class family , he began go-karting at the age of three and achieved success in local , national and world championships . Alonso later progressed to car racing , winning the Euro Open by Nissan in 1999 and was fourth in the International Formula 3000 Championship of 2000 . He debuted in Formula One with Minardi in 2001 before joining Renault as a test driver for 2002 . Promoted to a race seat in 2003 , Alonso won two drivers ' championships in 2005 and 2006 from Kimi Räikkönen and Michael Schumacher , respectively . After a third-place finish with McLaren in 2007 , he returned to Renault from 2008 to 2009 and won two races in the former year to place fifth overall . Alonso then drove for Ferrari from 2010 to 2014 . He finished runner-up to Sebastian Vettel three times in tightly-contested title duels in 2010 and 2012 and again in 2013 . A second stint with McLaren from 2015 to 2018 did not result in further success due to an uncompetitive car . Overall Alonso won 32 Formula One races , 22 pole positions and 1,899 points from 311 starts ." } ] }, { "value": "Renault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One", "summary": "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.454", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.808", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jarno Trulli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jarno_Trulli", "summary": "Jarno Trulli ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈjarno ˈtrulli ] ; born 13 July 1974 ) is an Italian racing driver . He regularly competed in Formula One from 1997 to 2011 , driving for Minardi , Prost , Jordan , Renault , Toyota , Lotus Racing and Team Lotus . His best result in the World Drivers ' Championship was sixth place in 2004 ; this was also the year in which he scored the only win of his Formula One career at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . Throughout his Formula One career , Trulli was renowned for his skill in qualifying , regularly achieving far better grid positions than rivals with superior cars to his own . He was also known for his defensive driving style which allowed him to successfully hold off quicker drivers , sometimes for an entire race . The combination of being able to achieve high grid positions in comparatively slow cars and his ability to hold off faster drivers would often result in a line of vehicles forming behind him during a race , which was commonly referred to as the 'Trulli Train ' by commentators , fans and journalists . Trulli was slated to compete in the 2012 Formula One season , but retired before the season began . In 2014-15 he competed in the inaugural season of the FIA Formula E Championship , driving for Trulli GP , a team he founded himself ." } ] }, { "value": "Toyota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)", "summary": "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.483", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.837", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Giancarlo Fisichella", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giancarlo_Fisichella", "summary": "Giancarlo Fisichella ( Italian pronunciation : [ dʒaŋˈkarlo fiziˈkɛlla ] ; born 14 January 1973 ) , also known as Fisico , Giano or Fisi , is an Italian professional racing driver . He has driven in Formula One for Minardi , Jordan , Benetton , Sauber , Renault , Force India and Ferrari . Since then he has driven for AF Corse in their Ferrari 458 GTE at various sportscar events , becoming twice a Le Mans 24 Hour class winner , and a GT class winner of the Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta . He was also Ferrari 's F1 reserve driver for 2010 . Fisichella won three races in his Formula One career , the first of which was at the chaotic 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix , a race abandoned for safety reasons with 15 laps remaining . After several days of confusion regarding rules and technicalities , Fisichella was eventually declared the winner in the following week , and collected his trophy in an unofficial ceremony at the following race . He was brought into the Renault team to replace fellow Italian Jarno Trulli , and won his first race with the team in Australia in 2005 . However , after that race it was his teammate , the Spanish driver Fernando Alonso , that would win the greater share of races for Renault . Although highly rated as a driver , Fisichella was unable to keep pace with eventual champion Alonso , managing just one further race win following his debut . Outside of driving , he has backed his own GP2 team , FMS International . On 17 June 2012 Fisichella won the GTE Pro division of the Le Mans 24hrs for AF Corse and followed this up with the Manufacturers ' title in the WEC at the end of the season ." } ] }, { "value": "Sauber - Petronas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sauber", "summary": "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering", "summary": "Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.571", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.925", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Webber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Webber", "summary": "Mark Alan Webber AO ( born 27 August 1976 ) is an Australian former professional racing driver , who last competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship as a Porsche works driver in LMP1 , in which he won the championship in 2015 . Webber won nine Formula One Grands Prix and finished third in the championship in 2010 , 2011 and 2013 , all of which achieved while driving for Red Bull Racing . After some racing success in Australia driving Formula Ford and Formula Holden , Webber moved to the United Kingdom in 1995 to further his motorsport career . Webber began a partnership with fellow Australian Paul Stoddart , at that time owner of the European Racing Formula 3000 team , which eventually took them both into Formula One when Stoddart bought the Minardi team . He also beat future F1 World Champion Fernando Alonso , then 19 , in the 2000 International Formula 3000 season . Webber made his Formula One debut in 2002 , scoring Minardi 's first points in three years at his and Stoddart 's home race . After his first season , Jaguar took him on as lead driver . During two years with the generally uncompetitive team , Webber qualified on the front two rows of the grid several times and outperformed his teammates . His first F1 win was with Red Bull at the 2009 German Grand Prix , which followed second places at the 2009 Chinese Grand Prix , 2009 Turkish Grand Prix and 2009 British Grand Prix . By the end of 2009 , Webber had scored eight podiums , including another victory in Brazil . His eight podiums in 2009 compares with only two podiums in the first seven years of his career . He added ten more podiums in 2010 , including victories in Spain , Monaco , Britain and Hungary ." } ] }, { "value": "Jaguar - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jaguar_Racing", "summary": "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.665", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Coulthard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Coulthard", "summary": "David Marshall Coulthard , MBE ( /ˈkoʊlθɑːrt/ ; born 27 March 1971 ) , known as DC , is a Scottish former Formula One racing driver turned presenter , commentator and journalist . He was runner-up in the 2001 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for McLaren . Coulthard began karting at the age of eleven and achieved early success before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the Formula 3000 series . He first drove in Formula One with Williams in the 1994 season succeeding the late Ayrton Senna . The following year he won his first Grand Prix in Portugal , and then for the 1996 season he moved to McLaren . After winning two races in the 1997 season , he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship in the 1998 season . He won five races throughout 1999 and 2000 before finishing 2nd in the Drivers ' Championship to Michael Schumacher in 2001 . Two more victories followed between 2002 and 2003 before he left McLaren at the end of 2004 . He moved to Red Bull in 2005 and secured their first podium a year later . Coulthard retired from Formula One racing at the end of 2008 . After retiring from Formula One Coulthard continued working with Red Bull as a consultant and joined the BBC as a commentator and pundit for their coverage of Formula One . He returned to active motorsports in 2010 joining Mücke Motorsport in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters and retired at the end of 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "McLaren - Mercedes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/McLaren", "summary": "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains", "summary": "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.750", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.104", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jacques Villeneuve", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve", "summary": "Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve OQ ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʒɑk vilnœv ] ; born April 9 , 1971 ) is a Canadian professional auto racing driver and amateur musician . Villeneuve currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the # 32 Chevrolet Camaro for Go Fas Racing in the Elite 1 class . He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle , who was also a racer . Villeneuve won the 1995 CART Championship , the 1995 Indianapolis 500 and the 1997 Formula One World Championship , making him only the third driver after Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi to achieve such a feat . As of 2019 [ update ] , no other Canadian has won the Indianapolis 500 or the Formula One Drivers ' title . Following two successful years in CART , Villeneuve moved into Formula One with the front-running Williams team , alongside Damon Hill . In his debut season , Villeneuve challenged teammate Hill for the title , winning four races and taking the fight to the final round in Japan , where Villeneuve retired and Hill won the race and the title . Villeneuve , however , did win the following year 's title , this time challenging Michael Schumacher and once again taking it to the final round in Jerez , where Schumacher retired after the two collided . 1997 would be the last year in which Villeneuve would win a championship level race and finish the season in the top three . For 1998 , Villeneuve 's Williams team had to fare with less competitive Mecachrome engines , and Villeneuve moved to the newly formed British American Racing team in 1999 . He stayed there for the next four seasons but , following poor results he was replaced by former British Formula Three Champion Takuma Sato . Villeneuve also drove for Renault at the end of 2004 , and Sauber in the 2005 season and eleven races of the 2006 season before suffering an injury in Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "Renault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One", "summary": "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.836", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.190", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ricardo Zonta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricardo_Zonta", "summary": "Ricardo Luiz Zonta ( born March 23 , 1976 ) is a Brazilian professional racing driver ." } ] }, { "value": "Toyota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)", "summary": "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "1:11.974", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.328", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christian Klien", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christian_Klien", "summary": "Christian Klien ( born 7 February 1983 ) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver . In total he has scored 14 points in Formula One . Klien currently competes full-time in the Blancpain GT Series ." } ] }, { "value": "Jaguar - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jaguar_Racing", "summary": "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:12.211", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.565", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nick Heidfeld", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nick_Heidfeld", "summary": "Nick Lars Heidfeld ( born 10 May 1977 ) is a German professional racing driver . Despite scoring regular podium finishes in 2005 with Williams , and in 2007 and 2008 with BMW Sauber , Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in 2000 . Heidfeld currently holds three Formula One records ; most podium finishes without a Grand Prix win ( 13 ) , most second-place finishes without a win ( 8 ) , and the most consecutive race classifications ( 41 ) . In 2011 , Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica , his former BMW Sauber teammate , before being replaced by Bruno Senna . He currently drives for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E ." } ] }, { "value": "Jordan - Ford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix", "summary": "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company", "summary": "Ford Motor Company , commonly known as Ford , is an American multinational automaker that has its main headquarters in Dearborn , Michigan , a suburb of Detroit . It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16 , 1903 . The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand , and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand . Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller , an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in Jiangling Motors . It also has joint-ventures in China ( Changan Ford ) , Taiwan ( Ford Lio Ho ) , Thailand ( AutoAlliance Thailand ) , Turkey ( Ford Otosan ) , and Russia ( Ford Sollers ) . The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family ; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power . Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by 1914 , these methods were known around the world as Fordism . Ford 's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover , acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively , were sold to the Indian automaker Tata Motors in March 2008 . Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010 . In 2011 , Ford discontinued the Mercury brand , under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States , Canada , Mexico , and the Middle East since 1938 . Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker ( behind General Motors ) and the fifth-largest in the world ( behind Toyota , VW , Hyundai-Kia and General Motors ) based on 2015 vehicle production . At the end of 2010 , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "1:12.829", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.183", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Timo Glock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Timo_Glock", "summary": "Timo Glock ( born 18 March 1982 ) is a German professional racing driver , and BMW Motorsport works driver . He previously raced in Formula One for the Jordan , Toyota , Virgin Racing and Marussia F1 teams . He finished 10th in the Drivers ' Championship in both 2008 and 2009 , scoring three podium finishes . After leaving Formula One in 2013 , Glock became a works driver for BMW in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters , driving for BMW Team MTEK , and achieved his first DTM podium at the Red Bull Ring , and a first win at the season finale at the Hockenheimring ." } ] }, { "value": "Jordan - Ford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix", "summary": "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company", "summary": "Ford Motor Company , commonly known as Ford , is an American multinational automaker that has its main headquarters in Dearborn , Michigan , a suburb of Detroit . It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16 , 1903 . The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand , and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand . Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller , an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in Jiangling Motors . It also has joint-ventures in China ( Changan Ford ) , Taiwan ( Ford Lio Ho ) , Thailand ( AutoAlliance Thailand ) , Turkey ( Ford Otosan ) , and Russia ( Ford Sollers ) . The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family ; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power . Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by 1914 , these methods were known around the world as Fordism . Ford 's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover , acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively , were sold to the Indian automaker Tata Motors in March 2008 . Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010 . In 2011 , Ford discontinued the Mercury brand , under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States , Canada , Mexico , and the Middle East since 1938 . Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker ( behind General Motors ) and the fifth-largest in the world ( behind Toyota , VW , Hyundai-Kia and General Motors ) based on 2015 vehicle production . At the end of 2010 , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "1:13.502", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.856", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zsolt Baumgartner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zsolt_Baumgartner", "summary": "Zsolt Baumgartner ( born 1 January 1981 in Debrecen ) is a Hungarian former racing driver who raced for the Jordan and Minardi teams in Formula One . He remains the only Hungarian driver to have competed in Formula One ." } ] }, { "value": "Minardi - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minardi", "summary": "Minardi was an Italian automobile racing team and constructor founded in Faenza in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi . It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005 with little success , nevertheless acquiring a loyal following of fans . In 2001 , to save the team from folding , Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart , who ran the team for five years before selling it on to Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed it Scuderia Toro Rosso . From 2001 , all of Minardi chassis are called PS then a number , the PS being the initials of team owner , Paul Stoddart . During its time in F1 , the team scored a total of 38 championship points ; 16 of these were earned by the team 's first driver , Pierluigi Martini . Martini also recorded the team 's only front row start , qualifying 2nd at the 1990 United States Grand Prix , and he led a lap during the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix , the only time a Minardi led a lap . The team never achieved a podium finish , only managing three 4th-place finishes : Martini twice in 1991 and Christian Fittipaldi in 1993 . In the 21 seasons , Minardi entered 37 drivers . Thirteen had Italian nationality , the others came with 13 different nationalities ( discounting Doornbos racing under a Monaco license in 2005 ) . Martini started in 103 Grands Prix for the team , while Morbidelli and Gené started 33 times . Before Minardi 's demise , the team was a particularly well-liked team within Formula One circles for its friendliness , accessibility , and lack of corporate culture . On the track , their cars were regarded by many as well-designed for their tiny budget , their low position recognised as a result of a lack of funds ( and engine power ) rather than a poor car ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:13.550", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gianmaria Bruni", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gianmaria_Bruni", "summary": "Gianmaria Gimmi Bruni ( born 30 May 1981 ) is an Italian Porsche factory auto racing driver who drove in the 2004 Formula One World Championship for Minardi . He is a GP2 Series race winner and is now racing in the FIA World Endurance Championship , in which he gained the 2013 and 2014 GT Drivers ' Titles whilst driving as a factory Ferrari driver . He won the 2008 FIA GT Championship , 2011 Le Mans Series and 2012 International GT Open and took three class victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans , in 2008 , 2012 and 2014 . He also was successful at the 2009 and 2015 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps , 2010 12 Hours of Sebring and 2011 Petit Le Mans ." } ] }, { "value": "Minardi - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minardi", "summary": "Minardi was an Italian automobile racing team and constructor founded in Faenza in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi . It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005 with little success , nevertheless acquiring a loyal following of fans . In 2001 , to save the team from folding , Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart , who ran the team for five years before selling it on to Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed it Scuderia Toro Rosso . From 2001 , all of Minardi chassis are called PS then a number , the PS being the initials of team owner , Paul Stoddart . During its time in F1 , the team scored a total of 38 championship points ; 16 of these were earned by the team 's first driver , Pierluigi Martini . Martini also recorded the team 's only front row start , qualifying 2nd at the 1990 United States Grand Prix , and he led a lap during the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix , the only time a Minardi led a lap . The team never achieved a podium finish , only managing three 4th-place finishes : Martini twice in 1991 and Christian Fittipaldi in 1993 . In the 21 seasons , Minardi entered 37 drivers . Thirteen had Italian nationality , the others came with 13 different nationalities ( discounting Doornbos racing under a Monaco license in 2005 ) . Martini started in 103 Grands Prix for the team , while Morbidelli and Gené started 33 times . Before Minardi 's demise , the team was a particularly well-liked team within Formula One circles for its friendliness , accessibility , and lack of corporate culture . On the track , their cars were regarded by many as well-designed for their tiny budget , their low position recognised as a result of a lack of funds ( and engine power ) rather than a poor car ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "no time", "urls": [] }, { "value": "no time", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Classification -- Qualifying", "section_text": "", "uid": "2004_Brazilian_Grand_Prix_0", "intro": "The 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 24 October 2004 at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace. It was the final race of the 2004 season and the first time that a GP in Brazil was not one of the first three rounds of an F1 season, and local fans were delighted when Brazil's Rubens Barrichello took pole for his home race. It would be Barrichello's first non-retirement at Interlagos in ten years, his previous finish at the circuit being at the season opener in 1994. The early laps were held in changeable conditions, and the race ended up as a duel between Kimi Räikkönen and Juan Pablo Montoya, who were to be McLaren teammates for 2005. The Colombian took victory in his final race for Williams, which was also the last win for the Williams team until the 2012 Spanish Grand Prix. Montoya's move to take the lead was brave even by his standards. Elsewhere, Jaguar's final race was a failure of epic proportions, with their two drivers colliding, with Webber trying an optimistic-looking move on Klien whilst expecting his teammate to move over. Ricardo Zonta returned to his home race for the Toyota team, replacing Olivier Panis. This was the last race for Gianmaria Bruni and Zsolt Baumgartner." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_African_airports_by_passenger_movements", "title": "List of South African airports by passenger movements", "header": [ "Rank", "Airport", "Location", "Code ( IATA/ICAO )", "Total passengers", "% Change" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "OR Tambo International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/OR_Tambo_International_Airport", "summary": "O. R. Tambo International Airport ( IATA : JNB , ICAO : FAOR ) is a major international airport situated in Kempton Park , Gauteng , South Africa . It serves as the primary airport for domestic and international travel to/from South Africa and is Africa 's busiest airport , with a capacity to handle up to 28 million passengers annually . The airport serves as the hub for South African Airways . The airport handled over 21 million passengers in 2017 . It was originally known as Jan Smuts International Airport , after the former South African Prime Minister of the same name . The airport was renamed Johannesburg International Airport in 1994 when the newly elected African National Congress ( ANC ) government implemented a policy of not naming airports after politicians . This policy was later reversed , and on 27 October 2006 the airport was renamed O. R. Tambo International Airport after Oliver Reginald Tambo , a former ANC President ." } ] }, { "value": "Johannesburg , Gauteng", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johannesburg", "summary": "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ." } ] }, { "value": "JNB/FAOR", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,621,259", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.01%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cape Town International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Airport", "summary": "Cape Town International Airport ( IATA : CPT , ICAO : FACT ) is the primary airport serving the city of Cape Town , and is the second-busiest airport in South Africa and fourth-busiest in Africa . Located approximately 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) from the city centre , the airport was opened in 1954 to replace Cape Town 's previous airport , Wingfield Aerodrome . Cape Town International Airport is the only airport in the Cape Town metropolitan area that offers scheduled passenger services . The airport has domestic and international terminals , linked by a common central terminal . The airport has direct flights from South Africa 's other two main urban areas , Johannesburg and Durban , as well as flights to smaller centres in South Africa . Internationally , it has direct flights to several destinations in Africa , the Middle East , Asia , Europe and the United States . The air route between Cape Town and Johannesburg was the world 's ninth-busiest air route in 2011 with an estimated 4.5 million passengers ." } ] }, { "value": "Cape Town , Western Cape", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cape_Town", "summary": "Cape Town ( Afrikaans : Kaapstad ) [ ˈkɑːpstat ] ; Xhosa : iKapa ; Khoi-San : //Hui ! Gaeb ) is the second most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and also the legislative capital of South Africa . Colloquially named the Mother City , it is the largest city of the Western Cape province . It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality , The Parliament of South Africa sits in Cape Town . The other two capitals are located in Pretoria ( the executive capital where the Presidency is based ) and Bloemfontein ( the judicial capital where the Supreme Court of Appeal is located ) . The city is known for its harbour , for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region , and for landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point . Cape Town is home to 64% of the Western Cape 's population . The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design . In 2014 , Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both The New York Times and The Daily Telegraph. , Cape Town was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Located on the shore of Table Bay , Cape Town , as the oldest urban area in South Africa , was developed by the United East India Company ( VOC ) as a supply station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa , India , and the Far East . Jan van Riebeeck 's arrival on 6 April 1652 established VOC Cape Colony , the first permanent European settlement in South Africa . Cape Town outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope , becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony . Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg , Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa ." } ] }, { "value": "CPT/FACT", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8,434,799", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.65%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "King Shaka International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/King_Shaka_International_Airport", "summary": "King Shaka International Airport ( IATA : DUR , ICAO : FALE ) , abbreviated KSIA , is the primary airport serving Durban , South Africa . Located in La Mercy , KwaZulu-Natal , approximately 35 km ( 22 mi ) north of the city centre of Durban , it opened its doors to passengers on 1 May 2010 , just over a month before the start of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . It replaced Durban International Airport ( ICAO : FADN ) and uses the same IATA airport code . The airport was designed by Osmond Lange Architects and Planners and cost R6,800,000,000 ( about US $ 900 million ) . In spite of the high costs , the airport was designed without a viewing deck and travelators . Although the larger airport was built to grow the area 's international services , it is also a key airport for domestic services throughout South Africa , serving the Golden Triangle between Cape Town International Airport , O. R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg , and KSIA itself with 7 passenger and 2 cargo airlines offering domestic air services . KSIA was the 9th busiest airport in Africa according to 2010 statistics , despite not being open for the first four months . [ citation needed ] The airport forms part of the Dube TradePort , which will additionally consist of a trade zone linked to the airport 's cargo terminal , facilities to support the airport such as nearby offices and transit accommodation for tourists , an integrated agricultural export zone , and an IT platform . The largest aircraft KSIA currently has scheduled services for is the Boeing 777-300ER , with Emirates operating Dubai-Durban , despite the fact that KSIA 's runway length and terminal were designed to theoretically handle regular large airliners . In September 2015 , during the World Routes Conference which was held in Durban ( the first time on African soil ) , Turkish Airlines announced a new international service to Istanbul and Qatar Airways announced the commencement of service to Doha in December of that year . On 27 January 2014 the world 's largest passenger aircraft , an Airbus A380-800 of British Airways landed at KSIA becoming the first A380 to do so . The aircraft was being used for training and operated many flights in and out of the airport until 4 February 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Durban , KwaZulu-Natal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Durban", "summary": "Durban ( Zulu : eThekwini , from itheku meaning bay/lagoon ) is the third most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town and the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal . Located on the east coast of South Africa , Durban is the busiest port in the country . It is also one of the major centres of tourism because of the city 's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches . Durban forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , which includes neighboring towns and has a population of about 3.44 million , making the combined municipality one of the biggest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent . It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg . In May 2015 , Durban was officially recognized as one of the New 7 Wonders Cities , Durban was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "DUR/FALE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4,668,467", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7.37%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Port Elizabeth Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Port_Elizabeth_Airport", "summary": "Port Elizabeth International Airport ( IATA : PLZ , ICAO : FAPE ) is an airport serving Port Elizabeth , a city in the Eastern Cape province in South Africa . It was formerly known as H. F. Verwoerd Airport . The airport is owned and operated by the Airports Company South Africa which also operates nine other airports around South Africa . The airport is located approximately two miles south of the city 's central business district . In 2017 , the airport served 1,620,705 passengers ." } ] }, { "value": "Port Elizabeth , Eastern Cape", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Port_Elizabeth", "summary": "Port Elizabeth or Nelson Mandela Bay ( Xhosa : iBhayi ; Afrikaans : Die Baai [ di ˈbɑːi ] ) often known by its initials P.E. , and colloquially as The Friendly City , is a major seaport city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the Indian Ocean . Port Elizabeth is Africas southern-most and South Africas second oldest city . It is the seat of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality ( South Africas second largest metropolitan administrative district by area ) ; the countrys sixth most-populous city ; the most-populous city of Eastern Cape ; and the cultural , economic and financial center of the Eastern Cape . The city is among the top five cities in the world for pleasant weather , according to a 2014 scientific climate study of 600 global cities . Port Elizabeth is known for many blue-flag beaches along the citys urban coastline ; its popularity as an international and local holiday destination ; and its rich and diverse cultural heritage . It is a tourism gateway city for the Eastern Cape and the only city with the closest proximity to malaria-free big five game game reserves . The economy of Port Elizabeth is primarily oriented towards automotive assembly , manufacturing and export industries , and the city is also a major South African and sub-Saharan African destination for investment . Foreign direct investments of $ 19,8 billion has been secured over the past decade . Several Fortune 500 companies have a presence or their African operations headquartered in Port Elizabeth . The citys most prominent landmarks are Shark Rock pier , the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium , and the Donkin Reserve . Port Elizabeth was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Port Elizabeth is a popular domestic and international holiday destination ." } ] }, { "value": "PLZ/FAPE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,311,553", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.91%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "East London Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_London_Airport", "summary": "East London Airport ( IATA : ELS , ICAO : FAEL ) is an airport serving East London , a city in the Eastern Cape province on the southeast coast of South Africa . East London 's airport is a small but bustling one that plays an important role in the growing economy of the Eastern Cape . Every day it welcomes between 20 and 30 flights - which bring 346,000 people to East London each year . Of these , about 140,000 are holidaymakers , mostly local , and about 15% are foreign tourists . In 2013 , the airport served 658,363 passengers . In 2016 , East London Airport was voted the fastest growing airport in South Africa , having accomplished an almost 19% increase in traffic over a 12-month-period . The airport welcomed over 806,000 passengers in 2016 , beating the 679,000 that passed through East London in 2015 . The second best performing airport for growth in 2014 was Kimberley , with its traffic growing by 11% . Overall the top airports of South Africa witnessed nearly 39.7 million passengers in 2016 , up 5.3% on the year before ." } ] }, { "value": "East London , Eastern Cape", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_London,_South_Africa", "summary": "East London ( Xhosa : eMonti ; Afrikaans : Oos-Londen ) is a city on the southeast coast of South Africa in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality of the Eastern Cape province . The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast , largely between the Buffalo River and the Nahoon River , and hosts the country 's only river port . As of 2011 [ update ] , East London had a population of over 267,000 with over 755,000 in the metropolitan area ." } ] }, { "value": "ELS/FAEL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "644,520", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5.43%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "George Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Airport", "summary": "George Airport ( IATA : GRJ , ICAO : FAGG ) is an airport located in George , Western Cape , South Africa . It was formerly known as P.W . Botha Airport , named after the state president who lived in this part of the country . This airport was originally built in 1977 as an exact replica of the Keetmanshoop Airport in Namibia , but since its expansion and renovation , it now looks completely different . George Airport has won the award for Africas best airport in the category under two million passengers per year six times , the last time 2017 . The award is given by Airports Council International ( ACI ) . In 2013 , the airport served 560,432 passengers , substantially more than the 154,000 in 2003 . From 2014 onwards continued increase in passenger numbers were witnessed , with 2017 recording a record number of passengers of 785,486 , closing in on the design capacity of the airport which should necessitate further terminal expansion in the near future ." } ] }, { "value": "George , Western Cape", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George,_Western_Cape", "summary": "George is the second largest city in the Western Cape province of South Africa . The city is a popular holiday and conference centre and the administrative and commercial hub and the capital city of the Garden Route . The city is situated roughly halfway between Cape Town and Port Elizabeth on the Garden Route . It is situated on a 10-kilometre plateau between the Outeniqua Mountains to the north and the Indian Ocean to the south . The former township of Pacaltsdorp , now a fully incorporated suburb , lies to the south ." } ] }, { "value": "GRJ/FAGG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "544,306", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5.47%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bloemfontein Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bloemfontein_Airport", "summary": "Bram Fischer International Airport ( IATA : BFN , ICAO : FABL ) is a primary airport located in Bloemfontein , the capital city of the Free State province of South Africa . The runways are shared with AFB Bloemspruit . In November 2012 , the South African government announced that the airport 's name was to be changed to Bram Fischer International Airport ; the official renaming was performed by Pres . Jacob Zuma on Thursday , 13 December 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Bloemfontein , Free State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bloemfontein", "summary": "Bloemfontein ( /ˈbluːmfɒnteɪn/ ; Afrikaans : [ ˈblumfɔntəi̯n ] ; from ! Orakobab : ǀʼAuxa ǃXās Bloem 's fountain ; in Dutch : fountain of flowers or blooming fountain ; also known as Bloem ) is the capital city of the province of Free State of South Africa ; and , as the judicial capital of the nation , one of South Africa 's three national capitals ( the other two being Cape Town , the legislative capital , and Pretoria , the administrative capital ) and is the seventh largest city in South Africa . Situated at an elevation of 1,395 m ( 4,577 ft ) above sea level , the city is home to approximately 520,000 residents and forms part of the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality which has a population of 747,431 . It was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The city of Bloemfontein hosts the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa , the Franklin Game Reserve , Naval Hill , the Maselspoort Resort and the Sand du Plessis Theatre . The city hosts numerous museums , including the National Women 's Monument , the Anglo-Boer War Museum , the National Museum , and the Oliewenhuis Art Museum . Bloemfontein also host sub-Saharan Africa 's first digital planetarium , the Naval Hill Planetarium and Boyden Observatory , an astronomical research observatory erected by Harvard University . Bloemfontein is popularly and poetically known as the city of roses , for its abundance of these flowers and the annual rose festival held there . The city 's Sesotho name is Mangaung , meaning place of cheetahs . Its ! Orakobab name is ǀʼAuxa ǃXās or ǀKxʼauxa ǃXās ( Khoekhoegowab spelling : ǀAuxa ! Khās ) , which refers to Jan Bloem II , known as ! Xās-aob or Blumtseb who was a gaokxʼaob ( chief ) of the ǀŨdiǁʼaes ( Springbok Clan ) of the ! Ora ( Korana ) nation , whose kraal was the original settlement before the city was built ." } ] }, { "value": "BFN/FABL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "411,655", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6.86%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kimberley Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimberley_Airport", "summary": "Kimberley Airport ( IATA : KIM , ICAO : FAKM ) is an airport serving Kimberley , the capital city of the province of Northern Cape in South Africa . The airport is approximately 10 km away from the centre of Kimberley ." } ] }, { "value": "Kimberley , Northern Cape", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape", "summary": "Kimberley is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa . It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers . The city has considerable historical significance due to its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War . British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley , and Rhodes established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town . On September 2 , 1882 , Kimberley was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in the United States to integrate electric street lights into its infrastructure . The first Stock Exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley , as early as 1881 ." } ] }, { "value": "KIM/FAKM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "151,405", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7.95%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Upington Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Upington_Airport", "summary": "Upington Airport ( IATA : UTN , ICAO : FAUP ) is an airport located in Upington , Northern Cape , South Africa . At 4900 metres , runway 17/35 is one of the longest runways in the world . The high elevation of the airport , extremely high summer temperatures and the fact that it was designed for the Boeing 747 necessitated the extreme length of the main runway ." } ] }, { "value": "Upington , Northern Cape", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Upington,_Northern_Cape", "summary": "Upington ( Nama : //Khara hais ) is a town founded in 1873 and located in the Northern Cape province of South Africa , on the banks of the Orange River . The town was originally called Olijvenhoutsdrift ( 'Olive wood drift ' ) , due to the abundance of olive wood trees in the area , but later renamed after Sir Thomas Upington , Attorney-General and then Prime Minister of the Cape . It originated as a mission station established in 1871 and run by Reverend Christiaan Schröder . The mission station now houses the town museum , known as the Kalahari Orange Museum . The museum is also the home of a donkey statue , which recognises the enormous contribution that this animal made to the development of the region during the pioneering days of the 19th century . The elevation of Upington is 2,742 feet ( 835 metres ) . It is the closest large centre to the Augrabies Falls ( arguably the greatest of South African waterfalls ) and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park . The landscape is very arid but the soil is fertile and crops such as fruit are grown in irrigated fields . The area is best known for its export-quality grapes , raisins and wines , which are cultivated on the rich flood plains of the Orange River ." } ] }, { "value": "UTN/FAUP", "urls": [] }, { "value": "55,726", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6.7%", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Statistics -- 2012–13", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_South_African_airports_by_passenger_movements_0", "intro": "The following is a list of South African airports by passenger movements." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "title": "Germany at the 2004 Summer Olympics", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Sport", "Event", "Date" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yvonne Bönisch", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yvonne_Bönisch", "summary": "Yvonne Bönisch ( born 29 December 1980 in Ludwigsfelde , East Germany ) was a German judoka . She retired in 2008 . She won a gold medal in the lightweight ( 57 kg ) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics and was a two-times world championship finalist ( 2003 and 2005 ) . Her beginnings with judo happened at JV Ludwigsfelde . Bönisch coached at UJKC Potsdam . She moved to Israel in January 2017 and is now a coach with the women 's national team ." } ] }, { "value": "Judo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Judo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall and featured 368 judoka competing for 14 gold medals with seven different weight categories in both the men 's and women 's competitions . Japan dominated the event by taking 8 gold and 2 silver medals . Gold and silver medals in each weight class were determined by a single-elimination bracket . There was a repechage for those who are eliminated by one of the eventual semifinalists . Since there are four semifinalists , this means that four of the losers of the round of 32 ( i.e. , 25% ) faced four of the losers from the round of 16 ( 50% ) . The winners of these matches faced the four judokas who have lost in the quarterfinals . The winners , then , of these four matches faced each other to narrow the repechage field down to two judokas . Until this stage , the repechage has been segregated into two distinct halves , with each successive competitor facing another one from the same half of the original bracket ; but each of the two judokas who emerge from the repechage challenged the loser of the other bracket 's semifinal . ( Since these two always come from opposite halves of the original bracket , they could not have faced each other already . ) The winners of these two matches were each awarded a bronze medal , making judo unusual among Olympic events in not determining a single third-place finisher . There was controversy in the men 's competition , when Iranian competitor and two-times world champion Arash Miresmaeili weighed in overweight and was disqualified before a match in which he would have faced Israeli judoka Ehud Vaks . Miresmaeili 's comments strongly suggested that he had intentionally disqualified himself so as not to compete against an Israeli ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 57 kg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Judo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_57_kg", "summary": "Women 's 57 kg competition in judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 16 at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall . This event was the third-lightest of the women 's judo weight classes , limiting competitors to a maximum of 57 kilograms of body mass . Like all other judo events , bouts lasted five minutes . If the bout was still tied at the end , it was extended for another five-minute , sudden-death period ; if neither judoka scored during that period , the match is decided by the judges . The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match . There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals . Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage . The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket 's repechage in bronze medal bouts ." } ] }, { "value": "August 16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manfred Kurzer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manfred_Kurzer", "summary": "Manfred Kurzer ( born 10 January 1970 in Berlin ) is a German sports shooter and Olympic champion . He won gold medal in 10 metre running target at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . He placed sixth at the 2000 Summer Olympics . Is currently training soldiers of the army and lives in Frankfurt ." } ] }, { "value": "Shooting", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 10 m running target", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_10_metre_running_target", "summary": "The men 's 10 metre running target competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 18 and 19 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . Along with the women 's double trap , this was the last Olympic competition in the event , before being removed from the program shortly after the Games . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a running target at 10 metres distance . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . The first 30 shots were in the slow-running stage , with series of 30 runs being shot within 5 seconds . The second set of 30 runs gave shooters 2.5 seconds to take each shot . The top 6 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 20 shots . These shots scored in increments of .1 , with a maximum score of 10.9 . They were fired in four series of 5 fast-running shots . Despite a poor performance in the final , Germany 's Manfred Kurzer held off a strenuous challenge from the Russian duo Aleksandr Blinov and 2002 World champion Dimitri Lykin to capture the gold medal with 682.4 points in a historic running target finale ." } ] }, { "value": "August 19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anna Dogonadze", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Dogonadze", "summary": "Anna Dogonadze ( Georgian : ანა დოღონაძე ; born February 15 , 1973 ) is a German trampoline gymnast of Georgian origin who won a gold medal in the event of trampolining at the 2004 Summer Olympics . She was born on 15 February 1973 in Mtskheta , Georgian SSR , ( present day Georgia ) . Prior to Georgian independence , she competed for the Soviet Union , and afterwards represented Georgia in international competition . Dogonadze became a German citizen after marrying a German national . They live in Bad Kreuznach , Germany , with their daughter Mariam . By profession , Dogonadze is a teacher . Dogonadze 's career highlight was her Olympic win in 2004 , which followed a disastrous final in the Sydney Olympics four years earlier . She was the oldest finalist in her event at the 2004 Athens games , at age 31 ; the oldest competing in her event at the 2008 Beijing Games , at 35 years old ; and oldest in her event at the 2012 London games , at 39 years old ." } ] }, { "value": "Gymnastics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's trampoline", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_trampoline", "summary": "These are the results for the women 's individual trampoline competition , one of two events of the trampoline discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 20 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ." } ] }, { "value": "August 20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jens Fiedler Stefan Nimke René Wolff", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jens_Fiedler_(cyclist)", "summary": "Jens Fiedler ( born 15 February 1970 ) is a German triple Olympic champion and multiple world champion track cyclist . He retired from competitive cycling in early 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Stefan_Nimke", "summary": "Stefan Nimke ( born 1 March 1978 in Hagenow , Bezirk Schwerin ) is an Olympic and world champion track cyclist from Germany . At the 2000 Summer Olympics , he won the silver medal in the men 's 1 km time trial , and was part of the German men 's team that finished 7th in the men 's team sprint . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , he won the gold medal in the men 's team sprint with Jens Fiedler and René Wolff , and won the bronze medal in the men 's 1 km time trial . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , he won the bronze medal in the men 's team sprint , with Rene Enders and Maximillan Levy and finished in 9th place in the men 's individual sprint ." }, { "url": "/wiki/René_Wolff", "summary": "René Wolff ( born 4 April 1978 in Erfurt ) is an Olympic and world champion track cyclist from Germany . Wolff specializes in the Sprint , Team Sprint and Kierin events and teamed up with multiple Olympic champion Jens Fiedler and Stefan Nimke to win the Gold medal in the Team Sprint event at the 2004 Summer Olympics . Since 2010 René Wolff is the national coach of the Dutch track cycling team ." } ] }, { "value": "Cycling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics consisted of 18 events in three disciplines :" } ] }, { "value": "Men 's team sprint", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_team_sprint", "summary": "The men 's team sprint event in cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics was contested by twelve teams . The competition took place on August 21 at the Olympic Velodrome at the Athens Olympic Sports Complex ." } ] }, { "value": "August 21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Heike Kemmer Ulla Salzgeber Martin Schaudt Hubertus Schmidt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heike_Kemmer", "summary": "Heike Kemmer ( born 24 April 1962 in Berlin ) is a German equestrian who competes in the sport of dressage . She won team gold medals at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics , as well as individual bronze in 2008 . She also won medals at the German Dressage Championships and European Dressage Championships , as well as assisting the German team to gold at the 2006 World Equestrian Games . Kemmer retired Bonaparte 67 , upon whom she had won most of her international medals , in 2011 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ulla_Salzgeber", "summary": "Ulla Salzgeber ( born 5 August 1958 in Oberhausen ) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion who competes in the sport of dressage . Competing in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics , she won two team gold medals , one individual silver and one individual bronze . She also won numerous medals at the World Equestrian Games , Dressage World Cup and European Dressage Championships . After the retirement of her Olympic horse , Rusty , after the 2004 Games , and unexpected death of her second international-level mount in 2005 , Salzgeber struggled to find a new Grand Prix-level horse . In 2005 , she took time from competition to act as the dressage training adviser to the Australian national equestrian team , but resigned from that position in late 2006 . In 2008 , she began riding Herzruf 's Erbe at major events , but the horse has been plagued by injuries that have required him to miss many competitions . Salzgeber announced a change in her training base in July 2016 , moving to new stables in Ettringen , Bavaria . In 2013 , after returning Herzruf 's Erbe to competition , Salzgeber was again named to the German equestrian squad 's A-team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Schaudt", "summary": "Martin Schaudt ( born 7 December 1958 in Balingen , Baden-Württemberg ) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion . He won a gold medal in team dressage at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta with the team from Germany . He also received a gold medal with the German team in 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hubertus_Schmidt", "summary": "Hubertus Schmidt ( born 8 October 1959 ) is a German equestrian and Olympic champion . He won a gold medal in team dressage at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with the team from Germany . Hubertus was a mainstay of the German team with his famous mare Wansuela Suerte , and he has trained many other horses to Grand Prix . He is currently ( 2010 ) the coach for the Swedish team . He teaches at Fleyenhof stable in Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "Equestrian", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The events of the equestrian at the 2004 Summer Olympics featured three equestrian disciplines : dressage , eventing and jumping . All three disciplines are further divided into individual and team contests for a total of six events . The Markopoulo Olympic Equestrian Centre , on the outskirts of Markopoulo in the Attica region of Greece , hosted the dressage and jumping events while the eventing took place in the nearby Eventing Park ." } ] }, { "value": "Team dressage", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Team_dressage", "summary": "The team dressage event , part of the equestrian program at the 2004 Summer Olympics , used the results of the first round of the individual dressage to award rankings . That round was held on 20 August and 21 August 2004 at the Olympic Equestrian Centre on the outskirts of Markópoulo , in the Attica region of Greece . Like all other equestrian events , the dressage competition was mixed gender , with both male and female athletes competing in the same division . 10 teams , each consisting of four horse and rider pairs , entered the contest ." } ] }, { "value": "August 21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Katrin_Rutschow-Stomporowski", "summary": "Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski ( née Rutschow , born 2 April 1975 in Waren ( Müritz ) ) is a German rower and two-time Olympic gold medalist . She married Bernhard Stomporowski , a lightweight men 's world championship medallist , in December 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Rowing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's single sculls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_single_sculls", "summary": "These are the results of the Women 's single sculls competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ." } ] }, { "value": "August 21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ralf Schumann", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ralf_Schumann", "summary": "Ralf Schumann ( born June 10 , 1962 ) is a German 25 m rapid fire pistol shooter . He is a three-time Olympic Champion and twice the World Champion . One of the most decorated shooters of the modern era , he is the first of two sport shooters to have won three Olympic gold medals in one individual event ( 25 metre rapid fire pistol ) and became the first of three sport shooters to have won three Olympic individual gold medals . He won the gold medals for the 25 metre rapid fire pistol event at the 1992 , 1996 and 2004 Olympics and also won two silver medals at this event , becoming the most successful Olympic shooter at this event . Schumann has participated in seven consecutive Olympic Games since 1988 , setting a new record for most Olympic appearances by a German athlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Shooting", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 25 m rapid fire pistol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_25_metre_rapid_fire_pistol", "summary": "The men 's 25 metre rapid fire pistol competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 21 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . This was the last Olympic competition before the major rule changes that took place on January 1 , 2005 , and which lowered the results of the event . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a pistol at 25 metres distance . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . Targets were presented in series of 5 . Each shooter was presented with 12 series , and had a sharply limited time to complete each . Four of the series had to be completed in 8 seconds apiece , four more within 6 seconds , and four within 4 seconds . The top 6 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 40 shots . They were presented in eight series of 5 shots each , with each series being limited to 4 seconds to make all five shots . Germany 's world number one shooter Ralf Schumann produced the highest final round ever with 102.9 to easily get the best aggregate score of 694.9 and his third Olympic gold medal in rapid fire pistol shooting , becoming the first in the event 's history to do so ." } ] }, { "value": "August 21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kathrin Boron Kerstin El Qalqili Meike Evers Manuela Lutze", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kathrin_Boron", "summary": "Kathrin Boron no-repeat ; background-position : right .1em center } ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kerstin_El_Qalqili", "summary": "Kerstin Kowalski ( also known as Kerstin El Qalqili , born 25 January 1976 in Potsdam-Babelsberg ) is a German rower . At the 2000 Olympics she rowed with her twin sister Manja . Kowalski was married to fellow rower Iradj El Qalqili , who had proposed to her at the finish line at the 2000 Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Meike_Evers", "summary": "Meike Evers ( born 6 June 1977 in Berlin ) is a German rower who was co-winner of two Olympic gold medals . She is currently a police detective and member of the Athlete Committee of the World Anti-Doping Agency ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Manuela_Lutze", "summary": "Manuela Lutze ( born 20 March 1974 in Blankenburg am Harz , Germany ) is a multi Olympic-medaling sculler who competed in four Olympics , winning two gold medals and a bronze medal . In addition , she has also won 5 Gold Medals in the Quadruple Sculls event at the World Championships , beginning with Lac d'Aiguebelette , France in 1997 ." } ] }, { "value": "Rowing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's quadruple sculls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_quadruple_sculls", "summary": "These are the results of the Women 's quadruple sculls competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ." } ] }, { "value": "August 22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Germany women 's national field hockey team Tina Bachmann Caroline Casaretto Nadine Ernsting-Krienke Franziska Gude Mandy Haase Natascha Keller Denise Klecker Anke Kühn Badri Latif Heike Lätzsch Sonja Lehmann Silke Müller Fanny Rinne Marion Rodewald Louisa Walter Julia Zwehl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany_women's_national_field_hockey_team", "summary": "The Germany women 's national field hockey team has represented the unified Germany since 1991 . The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , by defeating the Netherlands in the final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tina_Bachmann_(field_hockey)", "summary": "Tina Bachmann ( born August 1 , 1978 in Mülheim , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a retired German field hockey player . She represented Germany in two editions of the Olympic Games ( 2004 and 2008 ) , and also often played as a midfielder and an experienced central defender . Bachmann was also a member of the Germany women 's national field hockey team who attained a great success in the mid and late 2000 's , capturing three gold medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 2006 Women 's Hockey Champions Trophy , and 2007 Women 's EuroHockey Nations Championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Caroline_Casaretto", "summary": "Caroline Casaretto ( born May 24 , 1978 in Krefeld , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a retired female field hockey midfielder from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nadine_Ernsting-Krienke", "summary": "Nadine Ernsting-Krienke ( born 5 February 1974 in Telgte , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a field hockey striker from Germany , who won the gold medal with the women 's national team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She is one of the most decorated field hockey players in Germany , having played in four consecutive Summer Olympic Games , starting in 1992 . She retired from international play in 2009 , after having represented Germany 360 times , scoring 137 goals . Since 1989 she has been playing for Eintracht Braunschweig in Bundesliga ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Franziska_Gude", "summary": "Franziska ( Franzi ) Gude ( born March 19 , 1976 in Göttingen , Lower Saxony ) is a field hockey midfielder from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mandy_Haase", "summary": "Mandy Haase ( born 25 June 1982 , in Leipzig ) is a field hockey defender from Germany , who won the gold medal with the National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She made her debut for the national squad on 18 May 2003 in a friendly match against the Czech Republic ( 3-0 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Natascha_Keller", "summary": "Natascha Keller ( born July 3 , 1977 in West Berlin ) is a German retired field hockey striker . She won a gold medal as a member of the German team at the 2004 Summer Olympics . She also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics , 2000 Summer Olympics , 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics . In 1999 she received an award from the International Hockey Federation . She is the daughter of retired Olympic field hockey player Carsten Keller and granddaughter of player Erwin Keller . Her brothers Andreas Keller and Florian Keller , like her father and herself , were on gold medal winning field hockey teams . Keller has accumulated over 400 games for the Germany women 's national field hockey team , which makes her the country 's most capped female player in history . Keller was the flag bearer for Germany at the 2012 Summer Olympics , becoming the first field hockey athlete being honoured this way ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Denise_Klecker", "summary": "Denise Klecker ( born 26 January 1972 in Mainz , Rhineland-Palatinate ) is a retired female field hockey defender from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She is renowned as specialist for penalty corner shooting ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anke_Kühne", "summary": "Anke Kühne , née Kühn ( born 28 February 1981 , in Hanover ) , is a field hockey player from Germany , who played for the German national team and won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She is married to German sculler Tobias Kühne . She has represented Germany in 181 matches . Kühne began her career with TSV Engensen alongside Kerstin Hoyer , also on the national team , and played there from 1985 to 1991 . She went on playing for HC Hannover and remained there from 1991 to 1992 . From 1992 to 1997 , she played for DTV Hannover . Since 1997 , she has been playing for Eintracht Braunschweig in the first and second Bundesliga ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Badri_Latif", "summary": "Badri Latif ( Persian : بدری لطیف ; born 2 November 1977 ) is a German field hockey player . She was born in Berlin . She won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Heike_Lätzsch", "summary": "Heike Wedekind née Lätzsch ( born 19 December 1973 in Braunschweig , Lower Saxony ) is a former field hockey striker from Germany , who won the gold medal with the Women 's National Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . She made her international debut in 1990 at the age of sixteen at the World Cup in Sydney , Australia . After having played in four consecutive Summer Olympics , starting in 1992 , Lätzsch retired in 2004 , after the Athens Games . In total , she represented Germany in 250 matches ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sonja_Lehmann", "summary": "Sonja Lehmann ( born 13 September 1979 ) is a German field hockey player . She was born in Berlin . She won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . She played for TuS Lichterfelde Berlin . In 2008 , she married hockeyplayer Bastian Dittberner ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Silke_Müller", "summary": "Silke Müller ( born 11 November 1978 ) is a field hockey midfielder from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fanny_Rinne", "summary": "Fanny Rinne ( born 15 April 1980 in Mannheim , Baden-Württemberg ) is a field hockey midfielder from Germany ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marion_Rodewald", "summary": "Marion Rodewald ( born 24 December 1976 in Mülheim an der Ruhr , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a field hockey defender from Germany , who won the gold medal with the German National Women 's Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Louisa_Walter", "summary": "Louisa Walter ( born 2 December 1978 ) is a German field hockey player . She was born in Düsseldorf . She won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Julia_Zwehl", "summary": "Julia Zwehl ( born March 20 , 1976 ) is a former field hockey international from Germany . She played as goalkeeper and was a member of the German gold medal winning team at the 2004 Olympics in Athens . Zwehl , nicknamed Zorro , played for Eintracht Braunschweig . In total , she represented Germany in 93 matches ." } ] }, { "value": "Field hockey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Field Hockey at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Olympic Hockey Centre located within the Helliniko Olympic Complex . The competitions for both men and women was split into two groups with the top two teams after the preliminary rounds progressing through to the semi-finals ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's tournament", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_tournament", "summary": "The women 's field hockey tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics was the 7th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympic Games . It was held over an eleven-day period beginning on 16 August , and culminating with the medal finals on 26 August . All games were played at the hockey centre within the Hellinikon Olympic Complex in Athens , Greece . Germany won the gold medal for the first time after defeating the Netherlands 2-1 in the final . Argentina won the bronze medal by defeating China 1-0 ." } ] }, { "value": "August 26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christian Gille Tomasz Wylenzek", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christian_Gille", "summary": "Christian Gille ( born 6 January 1979 in Wolfen ) is a German flatwater canoeist who has competed since the mid-1990s . A junior world champion ( C-4 1000 m ) in 1993 , he won two senior world championship gold medals with Thomas Zereske in the C-2 200 m sprint in 1997 and 1998 . They also competed at the Sydney Olympics in 2000 , placing fifth in the C-2 500 m final . In 2002 Gille won the only C-1 world championship medal of his career . He crossed the line in fourth place in the C-1 200 m final in Seville , Spain , but was later awarded the bronze medal after Ukrainian Dmytro Sablin tested positive for cannabis . [ citation needed ] Of more significance for the future however was the formation that year of a new C-2 partnership with 19-year-old Tomasz Wylenzek . They finished third in the European Championships and seventh in the C-2 500 m in Seville . Two years later they won a surprise gold medal in the C-2 1000m . Gille wore a black armband in memory of his former partner Thomas Zereske who had died earlier that summer . In 2005 Gille and Wylenzek completely dominated the C-2 event . A clean sweep of medals ( 200 m , 500 m and 1000 m ) at the European Championships in Poznań , Poland , in May was followed by two golds ( 500m and 1000m ) at the World Championships in Zagreb . 2006 proved a disappointment after the highs of the previous two years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tomasz_Wylenzek", "summary": "Tomasz Wylenzek ( Polish : Tomasz Wylenżek ) ( born 9 January 1983 in Nowe Chechło , Silesia , Poland ) is a German sprint canoeist who has competed since the early 2000s . Wylenzek won two junior world championship titles in 2001 at Curitiba , Brazil . The following year , still only 19 , he was promoted to the German senior squad as C-2 partner for the more experienced Christian Gille . At the 2002 World Championships in Seville , they finished seventh in the 500 m final . At Wylenzek 's first Olympics in Athens , he and Gille won a surprise gold in the C-2 1000 m event . In 2005 Gille and Wylenzek completely dominated the C-2 event , showing that their Athens victory was not a fluke . A clean sweep of medals ( 200 m , 500 m and 1000 m ) at the European Championships in Poznań , Poland , in May was followed by two golds ( 500 m and 1000 m ) at the World Championships in Zagreb . 2006 proved a disappointment after the highs of the previous two years . Gille and Wylenzek lost out to Stefan Holtz and Robert Nuck in the German C-2 500 m trial and were therefore unable to defend their European and world titles over that distance . Wylenzek was philosophical as they lost their other titles too , coming away with just two silver medals at the major championships ( European C-2 1000 m and world C-2 200 m ) . Wylenzek won two more Olympic medals at Beijing in 2008 with a silver in the C-1 1000 m and a bronze in the C-2 500 m events . since those games , he has won two more world championships medals with a gold in 2009 ( C-2 1000 m ) and a bronze in 2010 ( C-4 1000 m ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Canoeing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's C-2 1000 m", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_C-2_1000_metres", "summary": "These are the results of the men 's C-2 1000 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The C-2 event is raced by two-man sprint canoes ." } ] }, { "value": "August 27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Birgit Fischer Carolin Leonhardt Malke Nollen Katrin Wagner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Birgit_Fischer", "summary": "Birgit Fischer ( born 25 February 1962 ) is a German kayaker , who has won eight gold medals over six different Olympic Games , a record she shares with Aladár Gerevich , spanning seven Olympiads : twice representing East Germany ( interrupted by the boycott of 1984 ) , then four times representing the reunited nation . After both the 1988 and 2000 games , she announced her retirement , only to return for the subsequent games . She has been both the youngest- and oldest-ever Olympic canoeing champion ( ages 18 and 42 ) . In 2004 , she was voted German sportswoman of the year . Fischer was born in Brandenburg an der Havel , then in East Germany . She attended an ASK ( army sports club ) boarding school in Potsdam , and worked as a sports instructor in the National People 's Army , attaining a rank of major by the time of German reunification in 1990 . She was married from 1984 to 1993 to canoeist Jörg Schmidt , silver medalist in the C-1 1000 m event at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul . She lives with their two children in Brandenburg . In 1999 she stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for the FDP in the European Parliament election . Fischer 's niece , Fanny , competed for Germany at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , winning a gold in the K-4 500 m event . Fischer 's brother Frank won nine world championship medals between 1981 and 1986 . She also won 38 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medals between 1978 and 2005 , including 28 golds ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Carolin_Leonhardt", "summary": "Carolin Martina Leonhardt ( born 22 November 1984 in Lampertheim , Hesse ) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the 2000s . She won two medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with a gold in the K-4 500 m and a silver in the K-2 500 m events . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she won a silver in the K-4 500 m. Leonhardt has also won fifteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with six golds ( K-4 200 m : 2005 , 2007 , 2009 ; K-4 500 m : 2005 , 2007 ; K-1 4 x 200 m : 2011 ) , eight silvers ( K-2 1000 m : 2009 , 2010 , 2013 ; K-4 200 m 2006 , K-4 500 m : 2006 , 2009 , 2011 ; K-4 1000 m : 2006 ) , and a bronze ( K-4 1000 m : 2005 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Malke_Nollen", "summary": "Maike Nollen ( born 15 November 1977 in Berlin ) is a German sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-2000s . She won a gold medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . Nollen also won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two silvers ( K-2 1000 m : 2002 , K-4 500 m : 2002 ) and a bronze ( K-4 200 m : 2002 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Katrin_Wagner", "summary": "Katrin Wagner-Augustin ( born 13 October 1977 ) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the late 1990s . She is 5 feet 11 inches ( 1.80 m ) tall , and weighs 161 pounds ( 73 kg ) . Competing in four Summer Olympics , Wagner has six medals with four golds ( K-2 500 m : 2000 , K-4 500 m : 2000 , 2004 , and 2008 ) , one silver ( K-4 500 m : 2012 ) and one bronze ( K-1 500 m : 2008 ) . Wagner-Augustin also won 26 medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with ten golds ( K-1 1000 m : 2005 , K-1 4 × 200 m : 2009 , 2010 ; K-4 200 m : 1997 , 2005 , 2007 , 2009 ; K-4 500 m : 1997 , 2005 , 2007 ) , fourteen silvers ( K-1 500 m : 2009 , K-1 1000 m : 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2006 ; K-2 200 m : 2006 , K-2 500 m : 2002 , K-2 1000 m : 1999 , K-4 500 m : 1999 , 2001 , 2002 , 2006 , 2009 , 2010 ) , and two bronzes ( K-1 500 m : 2007 , K-4 200 m : 2002 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Canoeing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's K-4 500 m", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_K-4_500_metres", "summary": "These are the results of the women 's K-4 500 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The K-4 event is raced by four-person canoe sprint kayaks ." } ] }, { "value": "August 27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andreas Dittmer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andreas_Dittmer", "summary": "Andreas Dittmer ( born 16 April 1972 in Neustrelitz , Bezirk Neubrandenburg ) is a German sprint canoeist . The dominant sprint canoeist of his generation in 1000 m races , he has won three Olympic and eight world championship gold medals . Dittmer won his first world championship medal - a bronze - at Paris in 1991 as a member of Germany 's C-4 500 m crew . In 1994 he won the C-2 1000 m world championship with Gunar Kirchbach . At the 1996 Olympics the pair won the gold medal in the same event . Now established as Germany 's top canoe sprinter he was selected for the C-1 event and won the C-1 1000 m world title at his first attempt in Dartmouth , Canada in 1997 . At Sydney 2000 he won the C-1 1000 m gold as well as the bronze in the 500 m race . He then won three consecutive C-1 1000 m world titles ( 2001 , 2002 , 2003 ) . In 2003 he also won his first world 500 m title , finally defeating four-time champion Maxim Opalev of Russia to claim his first double . At the European championships too he won three straight gold medals in his specialist 1000 m event , but had to be content with four consecutive silver medals behind Opalev in the 500 m. Dittmer went to the 2004 Summer Olympics as the overwhelming favourite for the 1000 m gold medal , having been undefeated in major finals for over four years . However he was surprisingly beaten by Spain 's David Cal , who finished just 0.52 second ahead of Dittmer 's time of 3:46.721 . In the C-1 500 m final Dittmer gained his revenge , edging out Cal by 0.34 seconds , to win the gold medal in a time of 1:46.383 , with 500 m specialist Opalev pushed back into third place ." } ] }, { "value": "Canoeing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's C-1 500 m", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_C-1_500_metres", "summary": "These are the results of the men 's C-1 500 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The C-1 event is raced by single-man sprint canoes ." } ] }, { "value": "August 28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ronald Rauhe Tim Wieskötter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ronald_Rauhe", "summary": "Ronald Rauhe ( born 2 October 1981 ) is a German sprint canoeist who has competed since 1997 . Competing in five Summer Olympics , he won a complete set of medals in the K-2 500 m event ( gold : 2004 , silver : 2008 , bronze : 2000 ) . Rauhe has won 13 world championship gold medals , the most by a male kayaker ; now with 23 World medals , in 2011 he exceeded the 20 of his compatriot , Torsten Gutsche ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tim_Wieskötter", "summary": "Tim Wieskötter ( born March 12 , 1979 in Emsdetten , North Rhine-Westphalia ) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the late 1990s . Competing in three Summer Olympics , he won a complete set of medals in the K-2 500 m event ( gold : 2004 , silver : 2008 , bronze : 2000 ) with Ronald Rauhe . Since their initial pairing in 2000 , they have completely dominated the event , winning the major race of the season every year which also includes six world championships ( 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 and 2007 ) . They have also won seven consecutive European gold medals . In addition , Rauhe and Wieskötter hold the K-2 500 m world record of 1:26.971 ( Szeged , 2002 ) . In 2006 Rauhe and Wieskötter doubled up for the first time , defending their K-2 500 m titles and also adding the K-2 200 m gold medals at both the European and World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Canoeing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre for the sprint events and the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex for the canoe and kayak slalom disciplines . A total of 16 events were contested , 12 sprint events ( 9 for men and 3 for women ) and 4 slalom events ( 3 for men and 1 for women ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's K-2 500 m", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_K-2_500_metres", "summary": "These are the results of the men 's K-2 500 metres competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics . The K-2 event is raced by two-man canoe sprint kayaks ." } ] }, { "value": "August 28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Judith Arndt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Judith_Arndt", "summary": "Judith Arndt ( born 23 July 1976 ) is a retired German professional cyclist , who last rode for the GreenEDGE-AIS cycling team . She won the bronze medal in the 3000 m pursuit event at the 1996 Summer Olympics when she was 20 . In 2004 , she won the world road race championship and came second in the Olympic road race ." } ] }, { "value": "Cycling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics consisted of 18 events in three disciplines :" } ] }, { "value": "Women 's road race", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_road_race", "summary": "The Women 's Road Race at the 2004 Summer Olympics ( Cycling ) : The peloton finally split on the penultimate lap , with a small group going clear that contained a number of the favourites , and two Australian cyclists , Sara Carrigan and Oenene Wood . When Carrigan broke from this group on the final lap , only Judith Arndt was able or willing to chase her down , and the pair stayed clear until the end , Carrigan out sprinting Arndt for the line . Russian sprinter Olga Slyusareva won the chase for bronze ahead of Wood and Nicole Cooke of Britain , who had had to work hard to catch up with the chasing group after hitting a barrier on the final lap . The 2000 Olympic champion , Leontien Zijlaard-van Moorsel of the Netherlands clipped another rider and crashed out on the penultimate lap . Date : August 15 Start : 15:00" } ] }, { "value": "August 15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andreas Wels Tobias Schellenberg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andreas_Wels", "summary": "Andreas Wels ( born January 1 , 1975 ) is a German competitive and synchronized diver . In 1997 he won his first international title , European Champion in competitive diving on the 1 m springboard . In 1999 he became vice world cup champion in competitive diving on the 3 m springboard , and in 2000 European Champion in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard together with his partner Tobias Schellenberg . In 2002 he became vice European Champion in competitive diving and synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . At the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona he won bronze in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . In 2004 he became European Champion in competitive diving on the 3 m springboard . At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens Andreas Wels and Tobias Schellenberg won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . They also won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal and a gold at the 2006 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tobias_Schellenberg", "summary": "Tobias Schellenberg ( born November 17 , 1978 in Leipzig ) is a German competitive and synchronized diver . In 2000 he became three-time German Champion in competitive diving , and European Champion in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard together with his partner Andreas Wels . In competitive diving , he won another two German Champion titles in 2001 , four in 2002 , and five in 2003 . Together with Andreas Wels he became vice European Champion in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard in 2002 , and won bronze at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona . At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens Tobias Schellenberg and Andreas Wels won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard . They also won the silver medal in synchronized diving on the 3 m springboard at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal ." } ] }, { "value": "Diving", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "At the 2004 Summer Olympics , in Athens , eight diving events were contested during a competition that took place at the Olympic Aquatic Centre , from 20 to 28 August ( 14 and 16 August for the synchronized events ) , comprising a total of 125 divers from 30 nations ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's synchronized 3 m springboard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_synchronized_3_metre_springboard", "summary": "The men 's synchronized 3 metre springboard was one of eight diving events included in the Diving at the 2004 Summer Olympics programme . The competition was held as an outright final :" } ] }, { "value": "August 16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nadine Kleinert", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nadine_Kleinert", "summary": "Nadine Kleinert ( help·info ) , since 1999 married Schmitt ( born October 20 , 1975 in Magdeburg , Saxony-Anhalt ) is a German shot putter . Her personal best throw is 20.20 metres , achieved in August 2009 in Berlin ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's shot put", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_shot_put", "summary": "The women 's shot put at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held on 18 August 2004 at the Ancient Olympia Stadium . It was originally planned to hold the discus throw at this venue , but it was discovered that the field was not large enough to accommodate the range of modern discus throwers , and would have posed a danger to spectators . As such , it was decided instead to hold the shot put at the site , despite the fact that the shot put was not contested at the Ancient Olympic Games . All distances are given in metres . On 23 August 2004 , Russian shot putter Irina Korzhanenko was stripped of her gold medal and thereby received a lifetime ban by the International Olympic Committee after she tested positive for the steroid stanozolol . After the announcement of Korzhanenko 's disqualification , her victory and medal were formally removed from the records , permitting Cuba 's Yumileidi Cumbá , Germany 's Nadine Kleinert , and Korzhanenko 's teammate Svetlana Krivelyova to upgrade their respective position for a new distribution medals . Accordingly , the gold medal was reverted to Cumba , silver to Kleinert , and bronze to Krivelyova . On 5 December 2012 , eight years after the official medal ceremony , Krivelyova was ordered to hand back her bronze after drug re-testings of her samples on oxandrolone had been discovered positive , leaving her place vacant until present . Since 2004 , the next two finishers Nadzeya Astapchuk and Natallia Kharaneka have both been banned for doping offenses , so the IOC decided not to upgrade them ." } ] }, { "value": "August 18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Claudia Bokel Imke Duplitzer Britta Heidemann", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Claudia_Bokel", "summary": "Claudia Bokel ( born 30 August 1973 , in Ter Apel , the Netherlands ) is a German épée fencer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Imke_Duplitzer", "summary": "Imke Duplitzer ( born 28 July 1975 in Karlsruhe ) is a German épée fencer . Imke is a four time Olympian ( 2000 , 2004 , 2008 , and 2012 ) where she placed 10th , 5th , 5th , and 29th respectively ( in the individual competition ) . She also fenced in three team events at the Olympics , and at the 2004 Summer Olympics she won the silver medal in the team épée competition with Britta Heidemann and Claudia Bokel . During the 2006 World Fencing Championships she won the bronze medal after beating Romania in the épée team event together with her team mates Claudia Bokel , Britta Heidemann and Marijana Markovic . She is also a two time European Champion in the individual event ( 1999 & 2010 ) as well as being a part of the Gold medal winning team in 1998 . Duplitzer is openly lesbian ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Britta_Heidemann", "summary": "Britta Heidemann ( born 22 December 1982 ) is a German épée fencer ." } ] }, { "value": "Fencing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Fencing Hall at the Hellinikon Olympic Complex . Ten gold medals were awarded in individual and team events , further divided into three styles of fencing : épée , foil and sabre . Fencing is one of the few sports that have been featured in every modern Olympic Games , and for the first time female competitors competed individually using the sabre . The Lexan window mask , showing the athletes ' faces , was used for the first time at these Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's team épée", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_team_épée", "summary": "These are the results of the women 's épée team competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . A total of 33 women from nine nations competed in this event . Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 20 ." } ] }, { "value": "August 20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christian Lusch", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christian_Lusch", "summary": "Christian Lusch ( born February 19 , 1981 in Bühl ( Baden ) ) is a German sport shooter . He was born in Bühl ( Baden ) , Germany . He represented Germany at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games , and won the silver medal in the rifle , prone , at 50 metres , and came in 12th in the rifle , prone , three positions , at 50 metres . He shares in the world record at 50 m rifle prone , with a 600 he shot in 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Shooting", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 50 m rifle prone", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_50_metre_rifle_prone", "summary": "The men 's 50 metre rifle prone competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 20 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a .22 Long Rifle at 50 metres distance from the prone position . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 10 shots . These shots scored in increments of .1 , with a maximum score of 10.9 . The total score from all 70 shots was used to determine final ranking . 23-year-old U.S. shooter Matthew Emmons maintained a single-point lead from the rest of the field in the qualifying round to finish with 703.3 for the rifle prone gold and his first Olympic medal . Germany 's Christian Lusch , who had gradually come close on Emmons in an attempt to steal his lead with only two rounds left , ended up taking the silver at 702.2 . Meanwhile , Belarus ' Sergei Martynov , who had the highest score in the final , shot 105.6 to vault himself from fifth at the start to a bronze-medal position with a total of 701.6 , repeating his feat from Sydney 2000 . Sweden 's Jonas Edman missed his Olympic title defense after finishing in a distant thirty-second from the prelims with 590 points , while 2000 silver medalist Torben Grimmel also fell short of the finale by just a single point from the cutoff score of 595 , relegating to a ninth-place draw with six other shooters ." } ] }, { "value": "August 20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Britta Oppelt Peggy Waleska", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Britta_Oppelt", "summary": "Britta Oppelt ( born 5 July 1978 ) is a German Olympic-medal winning sculler . Oppelt was born in Berlin , and competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , in the double sculls , and took home the silver medal along with teammate Peggy Waleska . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she was on the German quadruple sculls team that won the silver medal , along with Annekatrin Thiele , Carina Bär and Julia Richter . In 2008 , she was part of the German quadruple sculls team that won the bronze medal at the Beijing Olympics , along with Manuela Lutze , Kathrin Boron and Stephanie Schiller . She is also a two-time world champion in the women 's quadruple sculls in 2011 and 2013 . In 2011 , she rowed with Tina Manker , Stephanie Schiller and Julia Richter . In 2013 , she rowed with Carina Bär , Julia Richter and Annekatrin Thiele . In the quadruple sculls , she has also won two world championship silver medals , in 2005 ( with Susanne Schmidt , Kathrin Boron and Stephanie Schiller ) and 2007 ( with Manuela Lutze , Kathrin Boron and Stephanie Schiller ) , and a bronze in 2010 ( with Carina Bär , Tina Manker and Julia Richter ) . She has also won two silvers medals at world level in the double sculls , in 2003 ( with Kathrin Boron ) and 2006 ( with Susanne Schmidt ) . At European level she has won quadruple sculls gold at the 2013 European Championships and silver at the 2010 European Championships ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Peggy_Waleska", "summary": "Peggy Waleska ( born 11 April 1980 ) is a German rower . Waleska was born in 1980 in Pirna , a town in Saxony . She is a world champion rower who won a gold medal in the women 's quadruple sculls in Lucerne , Switzerland , in 2001 and successfully defended the title in Seville , Spain , in 2002 . At the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics , Waleska won a silver medal in the women 's double sculls event ." } ] }, { "value": "Rowing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's double sculls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_double_sculls", "summary": "These are the results of the Women 's double sculls competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ." } ] }, { "value": "August 21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lars Conrad Steffen Driesen Jens Kruppa Helge Meeuw * Thomas Rupprath", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lars_Conrad", "summary": "Lars Conrad ( born 1 June 1976 ) is an Olympic and national record holding freestyle swimmer from Germany . He swam for Germany at 2000 and 2004 Olympics . At the 2004 Olympics , he was part of Germany 's silver-medal winner 4×100 m medley relay , alongside Steffen Driesen , Jens Kruppa , and Thomas Rupprath ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Steffen_Driesen", "summary": "Steffen Driesen ( born November 30 , 1981 in Düsseldorf ) is a backstroke swimmer from Germany , who competed in two consequentive Summer Olympics for his native country . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , he won the silver medal in the 4x100 Medley Relay , alongside Lars Conrad , Jens Kruppa , and Thomas Rupprath ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jens_Kruppa", "summary": "Jens Kruppa ( born 3 June 1976 in Freital ) is an international breaststroke swimmer from Germany , who won the silver medal in the 4×100 metres medley relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Helge_Meeuw", "summary": "Helge Folkert Meeuw ( born 29 August 1984 from Wiesbaden , Germany ) is an Olympic and national record holding swimmer from Germany . He swam for Germany at the :" }, { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Rupprath", "summary": "Thomas Rupprath ( born 16 March 1977 in Neuss ) is an Olympic swimmer from Germany , who is nicknamed The New Albatross ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 4 × 100 m medley relay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_4_×_100_metre_medley_relay", "summary": "The men 's 4×100 meter medley relay took place on 20-21 August at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece . The U.S. team added two new world records to the books in the final men 's event of the Olympic swimming program . Aaron Peirsol , Brendan Hansen , Ian Crocker , and Jason Lezak lowered their time set at the 2003 FINA World Championships in Barcelona , Spain , stopping the clock in 3:30.68 . At the opening of the race , Peirsol led off a backstroke leg with a new world record of 53.45 , beating a 0.15-second mark set by Lenny Krayzelburg ( 53.60 ) from the Pan Pacific Championships in 1999 . Meanwhile , the Germans earned a silver medal in a European record of 3:33.62 , 11-hundredths of a second under the old Olympic record set by Team USA in 2000 . Japan finished third in 3:35.22 to hold off the strong Russian team anchored by double Olympic champion Alexander Popov , who made up more than 1.5 seconds , but fell short of a medal in his last Olympic final ." } ] }, { "value": "August 21", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "Germany_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_0", "intro": "Germany competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's fourth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics after its reunification in 1990. The German Olympic Sports Confederation (German: Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, DOSB) sent the nation's second largest delegation to the Games since its reunification. A total of 441 athletes, 250 men and 191 women, competed in 27 sports, and were nominated by DOSB at four different occasions." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MLS_club_post-season_droughts", "title": "List of MLS club post-season droughts", "header": [ "Club", "Last appearance in MLS Cup final", "Length of drought" ], "data": [ { "value": "Chicago Fire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chicago_Fire_Soccer_Club", "summary": "Chicago Fire Football Club is an American professional soccer franchise based in Chicago , Illinois . The team competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference , having moved to the conference in 2002 . The franchise is named after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , and was founded as the Chicago Fire Soccer Club on October 8 , 1997 , the event 's 126th anniversary . The team began play in 1998 as one of the league 's first expansion teams . The Fire won the MLS Cup as well as the U.S. Open Cup ( the double ) in their first season in 1998 . They also won U.S. Open Cups in 2000 , 2003 , and 2006 , in addition to the 2003 MLS Supporters ' Shield . In 2015 , the club won the first ever MLS Wooden Spoon , and repeated the feat in 2016 . The Fire maintains an extensive development system , consisting of the Chicago Fire Development Academy and the Chicago Fire Juniors youth organization . They also operate the Chicago Fire Foundation , the team 's community-based charitable division . The Fire 's home stadium is Soldier Field ." } ] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2003", "summary": "MLS Cup 2003 was the eighth edition of the MLS Cup , the championship match of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , which took place on November 23 , 2003 . It was hosted at the Home Depot Center in Carson , California , and was contested by the Chicago Fire and the San Jose Earthquakes to decide the champion of the 2003 season . Both teams had previously won the MLS Cup and were looking for their second championship . San Jose defeated Chicago 4-2 , clinching their second championship in three years ; Landon Donovan scored two goals and was named the match 's most valuable player . The match included a sequence of three goals scored within a five-minute period early in the second half and had the earliest goal scored in MLS Cup history , the competition 's first own goal , and the first penalty kick awarded in a final . It was also the highest-scoring final , with six goals in total ." } ] }, { "value": "16 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "D.C. United", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/D.C._United", "summary": "D.C. United is an American professional soccer club based in Washington , D.C . The club competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the top level of professional American soccer . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The club was one of the most successful clubs in the early years of MLS , winning eight of its thirteen titles between 1996 and 1998 under then head coach Bruce Arena . United holds the joint MLS record for most Supporters ' Shields , has four MLS Cups , and been crowned U.S. Open Cup champions three times . It is also the first club to win both the MLS Supporters ' Shield and MLS Cup consecutively . On the international stage , D.C. United has competed in both the CONCACAF Champions League and its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup . The club won the 1998 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup , making them one of only two MLS teams to ever win a CONCACAF tournament . Subsequently , United won the now-defunct Copa Interamericana in 1998 against Vasco da Gama of Brazil . This is the only intercontinental title won by an MLS club . The team 's home field from 1996 to 2017 was the 45,596-seat Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium , owned by the District of Columbia . The team moved into the new Audi Field , a soccer-specific stadium with a capacity of 20,000 at Buzzard Point just a few blocks from Nationals Park in July 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2004", "summary": "MLS Cup 2004 was the ninth edition of the MLS Cup , the championship match of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , which took place on November 14 , 2004 , at the Home Depot Center in Carson , California . It was contested between D.C. United and the Kansas City Wizards to decide the champion of the 2004 season . The two teams had qualified for the playoffs after seasons with mixed results that ended in top-two finishes in their respective conferences . D.C. United won the match 3-2 , scoring all three of its goals in a seven-minute span during the first half after the Wizards had taken an early lead . Alecko Eskandarian was named the match MVP for scoring the first two goals for D.C. , one of which included an alleged handball that was uncalled . The 2004 final featured the first red card in MLS Cup history , awarded for a handball which resulted in a penalty kick for Kansas City 's second goal . It was D.C. United 's fourth MLS Cup title and their first since 1999 , and manager Peter Nowak became the first person to win the MLS Cup as a player and coach ." } ] }, { "value": "15 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Jose Earthquakes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes", "summary": "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose , California , United States , that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 ( originally as the San Jose Clash ) as one of the charter clubs of the league . The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history , defeating D.C. United 1-0 . The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles , in 2001 and 2003 , and two Supporters ' Shields in 2005 and 2012 . In 2002 , the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup ( now called the CONCACAF Champions League ) , making it to the quarterfinals . The team holds a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy known as the California Clásico . In 2005 , the then owner of the Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced plans of the team relocating to Houston due to failing efforts to secure a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose . The organization in Houston would be considered an expansion team by the league , eventually becoming the Houston Dynamo , which began play in 2006 . The Earthquakes returned after a two-year hiatus , resuming play in 2008 . Argentinian Matías Almeyda is the Quakes ' current head coach . Since 2015 the Earthquakes play their home games at Avaya Stadium . The team previously played its home games at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara University campus in Santa Clara , California from 2008 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2003", "summary": "MLS Cup 2003 was the eighth edition of the MLS Cup , the championship match of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , which took place on November 23 , 2003 . It was hosted at the Home Depot Center in Carson , California , and was contested by the Chicago Fire and the San Jose Earthquakes to decide the champion of the 2003 season . Both teams had previously won the MLS Cup and were looking for their second championship . San Jose defeated Chicago 4-2 , clinching their second championship in three years ; Landon Donovan scored two goals and was named the match 's most valuable player . The match included a sequence of three goals scored within a five-minute period early in the second half and had the earliest goal scored in MLS Cup history , the competition 's first own goal , and the first penalty kick awarded in a final . It was also the highest-scoring final , with six goals in total ." } ] }, { "value": "14 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New York Red Bulls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls", "summary": "The New York Red Bulls are an American professional soccer club based in Harrison , New Jersey . The Red Bulls compete as a member of the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The club was established in October 1994 and began play in the league 's inaugural season in 1996 as the New York/New Jersey MetroStars . In 2006 , the team was sold to Red Bull GmbH and re-branded as part of the company 's global network of football clubs , leading to the team 's current name . The Red Bulls have played their home matches at Red Bull Arena since 2010 , having previously played at Giants Stadium . The club is one of two teams in MLS based in the New York metropolitan region along with New York City FC , which entered the league in 2015 . The two sides compete against each other in the Hudson River Derby . The team 's current head coach is former United States international midfielder Chris Armas . The Red Bulls have reached the MLS Cup final once in 2008 where they were defeated by the Columbus Crew . The club has won three regular season Supporters ' Shield titles in 2013 , 2015 and 2018 , and has also twice reached the final of the U.S. Open Cup in 2003 and 2017 , losing on both occasions ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2008", "summary": "MLS Cup 2008 was the 13th edition of the MLS Cup , the championship match of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The match took place on November 23 , 2008 , at the Home Depot Center in Carson , California , near Los Angeles . It was contested between Columbus Crew and New York Red Bulls , both from the league 's Eastern Conference . Both finalists were making their first appearance at the MLS Cup , having historically exited the playoffs in earlier rounds . Columbus won the Supporters ' Shield with the most regular season points and defeated Kansas City and the Chicago Fire in the playoffs to reach the final . The Red Bulls finished the regular season with a losing record and were seeded into the Western Conference bracket as a wildcard , eliminating defending champions Houston and Real Salt Lake in the process . Columbus won the game by a score of 3-1 with goals from Alejandro Moreno , Chad Marshall , and Frankie Hejduk - all assisted by Guillermo Barros Schelotto . Schelotto was named man of the match , adding to his MVP award from the regular season . Sigi Schmid became the first manager to win the MLS Cup with two different teams , shortly before leaving the Crew to coach the Seattle Sounders FC ." } ] }, { "value": "11 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Philadelphia Union", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Philadelphia_Union", "summary": "The Philadelphia Union is an American professional soccer team based in Chester , Pennsylvania . The Union competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference . The club began play in 2010 as an expansion team of the league . The club plays their home matches at Subaru Park , a soccer-specific stadium located in Chester on the banks of the Delaware River . Jim Curtin is the Union 's head coach . The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014 , 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments . In the 2014 edition , they lost to the Seattle Sounders FC 3-1 in extra time , and to Sporting Kansas City 6-7 on penalties after a 1-1 draw in the 2015 edition . They lost 3-0 to the Houston Dynamo in the final of the 2018 edition ." } ] }, { "value": "never ( club entered MLS in 2010 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2010_Major_League_Soccer_season", "summary": "The 2010 Major League Soccer season was the 98th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer , the 32nd with a national first-division league , in the United States and Canada , and the 15th in MLS history . It began on March 25 at Seattle 's Qwest Field with Seattle Sounders FC defeating the expansion Philadelphia Union , 2-0 . The 2010 MLS All-Star Game was played at Reliant Stadium , hosted by the Houston Dynamo on July 28 as the MLS XI fell 5-2 to visiting Manchester United . The regular season concluded on October 24 , with Los Angeles Galaxy winning the Supporters ' Shield by one point over Real Salt Lake . Upon the completion of the regular season the 2010 MLS Cup Playoffs culminated on November 21 with a 2-1 victory by the Colorado Rapids over FC Dallas at Toronto 's BMO Field . It was the first time the MLS Cup final was played outside the United States . The expiration of and failure to sign a new collective bargaining agreement between the league and the players ' union threatened the season . Negotiations resulted in a new contract being agreed to on March 20 , 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "10 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colorado Rapids", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colorado_Rapids", "summary": "The Colorado Rapids are an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City , Colorado . The Rapids compete in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the charter clubs in MLS . Colorado won the MLS Cup in 2010 , their second MLS Cup appearance . The first appearance was in 1997 , losing to D.C. United . They were also runners up of the U.S. Open Cup in the 1999 tournament , where they lost to the Rochester Raging Rhinos , the last time a non-MLS team has won the Cup . The Rapids play their home games at Dick 's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City , moving to the stadium after it opened during the 2007 season ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2010", "summary": "MLS Cup 2010 , the 15th edition of Major League Soccer 's championship match , was played between the Colorado Rapids and FC Dallas to decide the champion of the 2010 season . The championship was played at BMO Field in Toronto , Ontario , Canada on November 21 , 2010 . Colorado Rapids won 2-1 over Dallas on an own goal in extra time , as a shot by Rapids forward Macoumba Kandji was deflected on goal by Dallas defender George John . Played in Toronto , it marked the first time the league championship was played outside the United States . It was the fourth MLS Cup to match two teams from the same conference against each other , and the third to feature only Western Conference teams . The match kicked off at 8:30 pm EST , and was televised by ESPN and Galavisión in the USA , and by TSN2 in Canada . As a result of their victory , the Colorado Rapids earned direct Group Stage berth in the 2011-12 CONCACAF Champions League . FC Dallas earned a preliminary round spot in the Champions League ." } ] }, { "value": "9 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "FC Dallas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Dallas", "summary": "FC Dallas is an American professional soccer club based in the Dallas suburb of Frisco , Texas . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The franchise began play in 1996 as a charter club of the league . The club was founded in 1995 as the Dallas Burn before adopting its current name in 2004 . Dallas plays its home games at their 20,500-capacity soccer-specific Toyota Stadium , where they have played since 2005 . In the club 's early years , Dallas played their home games in the Cotton Bowl . The team is owned by the Hunt Sports Group led by brothers Clark Hunt and Dan Hunt , who is the team 's president . The Hunt family also owns the NFL 's Kansas City Chiefs and part of the Chicago Bulls . FC Dallas in 2016 won their first Supporters ' Shield . In 2010 they were runners-up in the MLS Cup , losing to the Colorado Rapids in extra time . The team has won the U.S. Open Cup on two occasions ( in 1997 and again in 2016 ) . Their fully owned USL affiliate , North Texas SC , won the 2019 USL League One regular season and overall championship titles , the third division title in American soccer ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2010", "summary": "MLS Cup 2010 , the 15th edition of Major League Soccer 's championship match , was played between the Colorado Rapids and FC Dallas to decide the champion of the 2010 season . The championship was played at BMO Field in Toronto , Ontario , Canada on November 21 , 2010 . Colorado Rapids won 2-1 over Dallas on an own goal in extra time , as a shot by Rapids forward Macoumba Kandji was deflected on goal by Dallas defender George John . Played in Toronto , it marked the first time the league championship was played outside the United States . It was the fourth MLS Cup to match two teams from the same conference against each other , and the third to feature only Western Conference teams . The match kicked off at 8:30 pm EST , and was televised by ESPN and Galavisión in the USA , and by TSN2 in Canada . As a result of their victory , the Colorado Rapids earned direct Group Stage berth in the 2011-12 CONCACAF Champions League . FC Dallas earned a preliminary round spot in the Champions League ." } ] }, { "value": "9 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vancouver Whitecaps FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vancouver_Whitecaps_FC", "summary": "Vancouver Whitecaps FC is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Vancouver , British Columbia that competes in the Western Conference of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The Whitecaps were the 17th team to enter Major League Soccer and replaced the USSF Division 2 team of the same name in the city . The club has been owned and managed by the same group since their USSF days , having graduated to MLS after the conclusion of the USSF 's 2010 season . The MLS version of the team is a phoenix club , and the third to carry the legacy of the Whitecaps name . In the 2012 season , the team became the first Canadian team to qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs ." } ] }, { "value": "never ( club entered MLS in 2011 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Major_League_Soccer_season", "summary": "The 2011 Major League Soccer season was the 99th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer , the 33rd with a national first-division league , in the United States and Canada , and the 16th season of Major League Soccer . The season marked the arrival of two new league clubs , Portland Timbers and Vancouver Whitecaps FC , whose cities previously had clubs of similar name play in the USSF D2 Pro League . Those two new West Coast clubs led to a realignment of the league 's conferences , with Houston Dynamo moving to the Eastern Conference to create two conferences of nine teams each . Each team played a balanced 34-match regular season schedule , playing every team twice ( once at home and once away ) . The regular season began on March 15 , when the Los Angeles Galaxy defeated the Seattle Sounders FC 1-0 at Qwest Field , and concluded with the host Houston Dynamo defeating the Los Angeles Galaxy 3-1 on October 23 at Robertson Stadium . The season also featured the 2011 MLS All-Star Game on July 27 , when Manchester United defeated the MLS All-Stars 4-0 at Red Bull Arena ( hosted by the New York Red Bulls ) . The 2011 MLS Cup Playoffs ran from October 26 until November 20 , when the Los Angeles Galaxy claimed their third MLS championship by defeating Houston Dynamo 1-0 in MLS Cup 2011 at Home Depot Center in Carson , California ." } ] }, { "value": "9 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Montreal Impact", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_Impact", "summary": "The Montreal Impact ( French : Impact de Montréal ) is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league , being the league 's third Canadian club , and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name . In 2015 , the Impact became the second MLS club , and first Canadian club , to advance to the final of the CONCACAF Champions League , in its current name since 2008 , where they had finished runners up in the two game aggregate goal series against Club América . The Impact had won the Canadian Championship in 2013 , 2014 and 2019 . The club plays its home games at Saputo Stadium and is coached by Thierry Henry ." } ] }, { "value": "never ( club entered MLS in 2012 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Major_League_Soccer_season", "summary": "The 2012 Major League Soccer season was the 100th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer in the United States and Canada , the 34th with a national first-division league , and the 17th season of Major League Soccer . The regular season began on March 10 , when the Vancouver Whitecaps FC defeated the expansion team Montreal Impact 2-0 at BC Place , and concluded with the host Los Angeles Galaxy defeating the Seattle Sounders FC 1-0 on October 28 at The Home Depot Center . The season also featured the 2012 MLS All-Star Game on July 28 , when MLS All-Stars defeated the Chelsea 3-2 at PPL Park ( hosted by the Philadelphia Union ) . The San Jose Earthquakes would go on to become the Supporters ' Shield champions by earning the most points of any team throughout the regular season . The 2012 MLS Cup Playoffs ran from October 31 until December 1 , when the Los Angeles Galaxy claimed their fourth MLS Cup title by defeating Houston Dynamo 3-1 in MLS Cup 2012 at Home Depot Center in Carson , CA ." } ] }, { "value": "8 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Houston Dynamo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Houston_Dynamo", "summary": "Houston Dynamo are an American professional soccer club based in Houston , Texas . The franchise competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The Dynamo had first played their home games at Robertson Stadium on the University of Houston campus until 2011 . Since 2012 , the Dynamo has played home matches at BBVA Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in Houston . The Dynamo was established on December 15 , 2005 , when the then owner of the San Jose Earthquakes , Anschutz Entertainment Group , announced that the team was relocating to Houston after failed attempts in securing a soccer-specific stadium in San Jose , California . The club would then be an expansion team of the league , which began play in 2006 . The Dynamo are owned by Gabriel Brener , Jake Silverstein , Ben Guill , NBA star James Harden , and former boxer Oscar De La Hoya . Houston Dynamo 's domestic success consists of winning the 2006 and 2007 MLS Cups in their first two seasons . They also won the U.S. Open Cup in 2018 . In 2008 , Houston became the first American club to secure a point on Mexican soil in the CONCACAF Champions League era during the 2008-2017 format of the tournament ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2012", "summary": "MLS Cup 2012 , the 17th edition of Major League Soccer 's championship match , was a rematch between the Houston Dynamo and the Los Angeles Galaxy to decide the champion of the 2012 season . The match was played at the Home Depot Center in Carson , California on December 1 , 2012 . Los Angeles defeated Houston 3-1 giving the Galaxy their second-straight league title and their fourth overall ." } ] }, { "value": "7 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Real Salt Lake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Real_Salt_Lake", "summary": "Real Salt Lake ( /riːˈæl/ ) , also known as RSL , is an American professional soccer franchise that competes as a member club of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Western Conference . RSL began play in 2005 as an expansion team of the league . The club was founded in 2004 when the club 's first owner and founder was awarded an expansion berth in Major League Soccer . The club plays its home games at Rio Tinto Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in the Salt Lake City suburb of Sandy , Utah , which they share with their sister team , Utah Royals FC . Before moving to Rio Tinto , RSL played home games at Rice-Eccles Stadium , located on the campus of the University of Utah , from 2005-2007 . The team is currently led by interim head coach Freddy Juarez . In domestic soccer , Real Salt Lake won the 2009 MLS Cup , the Supporters Shield in 2010 , and the 2013 edition of the U.S. Open Cup . They were runners-up in the 2013 MLS Cup . The franchise regional success to date was in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League , where RSL finished runners-up in the tournament becoming the first American club , since the CONCACAF Champions League format was introduced in 2008 , to advance to the final stage of the tournament . Their fully owned USL affiliate , Real Monarchs , won the 2019 USL Championship , the second division title in American soccer ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2013", "summary": "MLS Cup 2013 , the 18th edition of Major League Soccer 's championship match , was a soccer match which took place on Saturday , December 7 , 2013 between Sporting Kansas City and Real Salt Lake at Sporting Park in Kansas City , Kansas , United States . The match was to decide the winner of the 2013 season . Sporting KC were making their third appearance in the competition 's final , having won in 2000 and losing in 2004 . RSL were appearing in their second final , having won their only other in 2009 . It was the first MLS Cup final to be held at Sporting Park and the second time the championship match was not held at a predetermined neutral site . Sporting Kansas City won the right to host the match by besting Real Salt Lake in the regular season standings . This was the first time Kansas City hosted an MLS Cup final and the second final hosted at Sporting Park , the other being the 2012 U.S. Open Cup final . The game was the coldest MLS match ever and was tied 1-1 after regulation time and extra time . The penalty shootout was won 7-6 by Sporting Kansas City , ending with the longest shootout in MLS Cup history at ten rounds ." } ] }, { "value": "6 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sporting Kansas City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sporting_Kansas_City", "summary": "Sporting Kansas City , often shortened to Sporting KC , is an American professional soccer club based in Kansas City , Kansas . The administrative offices are located in Downtown Kansas City , Missouri , and the team clubhouse and practice facilities are located in Kansas City , Kansas near Children 's Mercy Park . The club competes as a member of the Western Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , having returned in 2015 after spending ten seasons in the Eastern Conference . Sporting KC began play in 1996 as a charter team in the league , then known as the Kansas City Wiz . The team was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1995 . Since moving across the state line , they have been the only major professional sports league franchise to play their home games in Kansas . For the majority of their existence , the franchise were known as the Kansas City Wizards . The team rebranded in November 2010 , coinciding with its move to their home stadium , now known as Children 's Mercy Park . The franchise has won the MLS Cup twice ( 2000 , 2013 ) , the Supporters ' Shield in 2000 , and the U.S. Open Cup in 2004 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . The club also has a reserve team , Sporting Kansas City II , that plays in the second-tier USL Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2013", "summary": "MLS Cup 2013 , the 18th edition of Major League Soccer 's championship match , was a soccer match which took place on Saturday , December 7 , 2013 between Sporting Kansas City and Real Salt Lake at Sporting Park in Kansas City , Kansas , United States . The match was to decide the winner of the 2013 season . Sporting KC were making their third appearance in the competition 's final , having won in 2000 and losing in 2004 . RSL were appearing in their second final , having won their only other in 2009 . It was the first MLS Cup final to be held at Sporting Park and the second time the championship match was not held at a predetermined neutral site . Sporting Kansas City won the right to host the match by besting Real Salt Lake in the regular season standings . This was the first time Kansas City hosted an MLS Cup final and the second final hosted at Sporting Park , the other being the 2012 U.S. Open Cup final . The game was the coldest MLS match ever and was tied 1-1 after regulation time and extra time . The penalty shootout was won 7-6 by Sporting Kansas City , ending with the longest shootout in MLS Cup history at ten rounds ." } ] }, { "value": "6 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LA Galaxy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LA_Galaxy", "summary": "The LA Galaxy , also known as the Los Angeles Galaxy , is an American professional soccer club based in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , as a member of the Western Conference . The club began play in 1996 as one of the league 's ten charter members . The Galaxy was founded in 1994 and is owned by Anschutz Entertainment Group . In their early years , the club played its home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . Since 2003 , they have played at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson , California . The team holds a rivalry with the San Jose Earthquakes in the California Clásico and used to play the SuperClasico against city rivals Chivas USA before that team folded in 2014 . A new rival emerged in 2018 in the form of Los Angeles FC in the El Tráfico derby . The franchise is one of Major League Soccer 's most successful teams , with a record five MLS Cups and having appeared an additional four times in the final , and won the Western Conference regular season title eight times , four Supporters ' Shields , two U.S. Open Cups and one CONCACAF Champions ' Cup title . In 2017 , the club added the dubious MLS Wooden Spoon to its trophy case for finishing bottom of the MLS league table . In 2007 , the club made international headlines with the signing of English player David Beckham from Real Madrid , the most high-profile transaction with Major League Soccer to that point . The club has fielded other high-profile international players including Zlatan Ibrahimović , Robbie Keane , Luis Hernández , Giovani dos Santos , Jonathan dos Santos , Jorge Campos , Steven Gerrard , Ashley Cole , and American Landon Donovan who is the all-time leading scorer for the club . Mostly recently in 2020 they signed Javier Chicharito Hernández , the all-time leading scorer for Mexico 's National Team ." } ] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2014", "summary": "MLS Cup 2014 was the 19th edition of MLS Cup , the match that determined the champion of Major League Soccer 's 2014 season . It is also the last MLS Cup to be held before the league 's rebranding in 2015 . The Western Conference Champions LA Galaxy played the Eastern Conference Champions New England Revolution . The match was held at the Galaxy 's home field of the StubHub Center in Carson , California , as the Galaxy were awarded home advantage by finishing the regular season with more points than the Revolution . The Galaxy won 2-1 after Overtime , winning their fifth MLS Cup title and also sending all-time U.S. national team goal scoring leader Landon Donovan into retirement with his sixth MLS Cup crown . It was a record sixth time that the MLS Cup was held at the StubHub Center , and the first time in two years that the venue has hosted the MLS Cup . The Galaxy returned to the MLS Cup for the first time since 2012 , when they became the third club to win the championship in back-to-back seasons . It was the first time since 2007 that the Revolution reached the MLS Cup final . The two clubs had met twice before in the MLS Cup final : in 2002 and in 2005 ; the Galaxy defeated New England 1-0 after Overtime in both finals . New England Revolution became the first club to lose five MLS Cups . Going into the match , the Galaxy had earned a berth into the 2015-16 CONCACAF Champions League regardless of the result ; New England could only do so by winning the Cup . Since the Seattle Sounders won both the U.S. Open Cup and the Supporters Shield , the Galaxy had secured a berth into the Champions League as the Supporters Shield runner-up ." } ] }, { "value": "5 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New England Revolution", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_England_Revolution", "summary": "The New England Revolution is an American professional soccer club based in the Greater Boston area that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , in the Eastern Conference of the league . It is one of the ten charter clubs of MLS , having competed in the league since its inaugural season . The club is owned by Robert Kraft , who also owns the New England Patriots along with his son , Jonathan Kraft . The name Revolution refers to the New England region 's significant involvement in the American Revolution that took place from 1775-1783 . New England plays their home matches at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , located 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of downtown Boston , Massachusetts . The club played their home games at the adjacent and now-demolished Foxboro Stadium , from 1996 until 2001 . The Revs are the only original MLS team to have every league game in their history televised . The Revolution won their first major trophy in the 2007 U.S. Open Cup . The following year , they won the 2008 North American SuperLiga . The Revolution have participated in five MLS Cup finals in 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2014 . They also placed second in the 2005 regular season . However , they have never won an MLS Cup or MLS Supporters ' Shield ." } ] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2014", "summary": "MLS Cup 2014 was the 19th edition of MLS Cup , the match that determined the champion of Major League Soccer 's 2014 season . It is also the last MLS Cup to be held before the league 's rebranding in 2015 . The Western Conference Champions LA Galaxy played the Eastern Conference Champions New England Revolution . The match was held at the Galaxy 's home field of the StubHub Center in Carson , California , as the Galaxy were awarded home advantage by finishing the regular season with more points than the Revolution . The Galaxy won 2-1 after Overtime , winning their fifth MLS Cup title and also sending all-time U.S. national team goal scoring leader Landon Donovan into retirement with his sixth MLS Cup crown . It was a record sixth time that the MLS Cup was held at the StubHub Center , and the first time in two years that the venue has hosted the MLS Cup . The Galaxy returned to the MLS Cup for the first time since 2012 , when they became the third club to win the championship in back-to-back seasons . It was the first time since 2007 that the Revolution reached the MLS Cup final . The two clubs had met twice before in the MLS Cup final : in 2002 and in 2005 ; the Galaxy defeated New England 1-0 after Overtime in both finals . New England Revolution became the first club to lose five MLS Cups . Going into the match , the Galaxy had earned a berth into the 2015-16 CONCACAF Champions League regardless of the result ; New England could only do so by winning the Cup . Since the Seattle Sounders won both the U.S. Open Cup and the Supporters Shield , the Galaxy had secured a berth into the Champions League as the Supporters Shield runner-up ." } ] }, { "value": "5 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New York City FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_City_FC", "summary": "New York City Football Club is an American professional soccer club based in New York City , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the highest level of American soccer , as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . New York City played its first game in 2015 , as the twentieth overall expansion team of the league ; it is the first franchise to be based in the city , and the second in the New York metropolitan area , after the New York Red Bulls , with whom they contest the Hudson River Derby . Since 2015 , the club have played at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx . Jason Kreis was appointed as the club 's first coach , remaining for a single year prior to being replaced by Patrick Vieira . Vieira guided New York City to their first MLS Cup playoff appearance the following season , as well as a runner-up berth in the Supporters ' Shield in 2017 . Vieira 's teams also set Major League Soccer records for the largest improvement in wins for a consecutive season . Based on attendance from the 2019 regular season , New York City 's attendance was ninth-largest in the league . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the franchise was the seventh most valuable in MLS , worth over $ 385 million ." } ] }, { "value": "never ( club entered MLS in 2015 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2015_Major_League_Soccer_season", "summary": "The 2015 Major League Soccer season featured 20 total clubs ( 17 based in the United States , 3 based in Canada ) . The regular season was held from March 6 through to October 25 , whereas the MLS Cup Playoffs began on October 28 and ended with MLS Cup 2015 on December 6 . The defending MLS Cup champions were the LA Galaxy , while Seattle Sounders FC were the defending Supporters ' Shield winners . It was the first season for expansion teams Orlando City SC and New York City FC , who both joined the Eastern Conference , while both the Houston Dynamo and Sporting Kansas City moved from the Eastern Conference to the Western Conference . Chivas USA folded at the end of the 2014 season . At the end of the regular season , the New York Red Bulls of the Eastern Conference won the Supporters ' Shield , while the team on top of the Western Conference was FC Dallas . The Portland Timbers won their first MLS Cup , winning 2-1 at Columbus Crew SC ." } ] }, { "value": "5 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Orlando City SC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Orlando_City_SC", "summary": "Orlando City Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club in Orlando , Florida , that competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . Orlando City SC began play in 2015 as the 21st franchise in MLS , succeeding the USL Pro team of the same name . In doing so they became the first MLS team in Florida since Miami Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny both folded following the 2001 season . The team plays at Exploria Stadium in Downtown Orlando ." } ] }, { "value": "never ( club entered MLS in 2015 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2015_Major_League_Soccer_season", "summary": "The 2015 Major League Soccer season featured 20 total clubs ( 17 based in the United States , 3 based in Canada ) . The regular season was held from March 6 through to October 25 , whereas the MLS Cup Playoffs began on October 28 and ended with MLS Cup 2015 on December 6 . The defending MLS Cup champions were the LA Galaxy , while Seattle Sounders FC were the defending Supporters ' Shield winners . It was the first season for expansion teams Orlando City SC and New York City FC , who both joined the Eastern Conference , while both the Houston Dynamo and Sporting Kansas City moved from the Eastern Conference to the Western Conference . Chivas USA folded at the end of the 2014 season . At the end of the regular season , the New York Red Bulls of the Eastern Conference won the Supporters ' Shield , while the team on top of the Western Conference was FC Dallas . The Portland Timbers won their first MLS Cup , winning 2-1 at Columbus Crew SC ." } ] }, { "value": "5 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Columbus Crew SC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Columbus_Crew_SC", "summary": "Columbus Crew Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in Columbus , Ohio . The Crew competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference and began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league . The team is currently being operated by an ownership group led by the Haslam family and former team doctor Pete Edwards . The Haslam/Edwards group is the third owner in club history . The franchise was founded in 1994 as simply the Columbus Crew . Since 1999 , the Crew has played home games at Mapfre Stadium , the first soccer-specific stadium ever built for an MLS team , with a seating capacity of 19,968 as of the 2015 season . From 1996 to 1998 , the Crew played its home games at Ohio Stadium on the campus of the Ohio State University . In 2014 , the team set club attendance records for both most cumulative attendance and most sellouts . Crew SC has won five major trophies : MLS Cup 2008 , the Supporters ' Shield in 2004 , 2008 , and 2009 , and the 2002 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup . The Crew have qualified for the CONCACAF Champions League ( or its predecessor , the CONCACAF Champions ' Cup ) three times , reaching the quarterfinals each time ." } ] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2015", "summary": "MLS Cup 2015 was the 20th edition of MLS Cup , the championship game of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . The match was to determine the champion of MLS ' 2015 season . The championship was contested on December 6 , 2015 between the Columbus Crew SC and the Portland Timbers at MAPFRE Stadium in Columbus , Ohio , with the latter winning 2-1 and earning a berth into the 2016-17 CONCACAF Champions League . The Timbers ' Diego Valeri scored the fastest goal in MLS Cup history at 27 seconds after Crew goalkeeper Steve Clark miscontrolled his defender 's back-pass . Portland doubled their lead in the seventh minute with a goal by Rodney Wallace , and although Columbus got a goal back through Kei Kamara in the 18th minute , the Timbers held on for their first MLS Cup championship . It was the first men 's professional sports championship for a team from Portland , Oregon since the Portland Trail Blazers won the 1977 NBA championship ." } ] }, { "value": "4 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Minnesota United FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minnesota_United_FC", "summary": "Minnesota United FC is an American professional soccer club based in Saint Paul , Minnesota that plays in the Western Conference of Major League Soccer . The club began play in 2017 as the league 's 22nd club , and replaced the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) franchise of the same name . The club played its home games at TCF Bank Stadium , on the campus of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis , for its first two seasons in MLS play . The club began playing in Saint Paul ( becoming the city 's fourth professional sports team , joining the Minnesota Wild , the St. Paul Saints , and Minnesota Whitecaps ) , at Allianz Field in the Midway neighborhood starting in the spring of 2019 . Minnesota United FC 's ownership is led by Bill McGuire , former CEO of UnitedHealth Group , and includes other Minnesota sports owners : the Pohlad family , owners of the Twins ; Timberwolves owner Glen Taylor ; former Wild investor Glen Nelson , and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the Carlson hospitality company ." } ] }, { "value": "never ( club entered MLS in 2017 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2017_Major_League_Soccer_season", "summary": "The 2017 Major League Soccer season was the 22nd season of Major League Soccer , top division of soccer in the United States and Canada . The regular season began on March 3 , 2017 and concluded on October 22 , 2017 . The MLS Cup Playoffs began on October 25 , 2017 and concluded with MLS Cup 2017 on December 9 , 2017 . Two new clubs joined the league as expansion franchises : Atlanta United FC and Minnesota United FC . The two franchises were the 21st and 22nd teams in the league . Seattle Sounders FC were the defending MLS Cup champions , while FC Dallas were the defending Supporters ' Shield champions . Toronto FC became the first Canadian team to win the Cup and Shield . Toronto 's win of the Canadian Championship in the same year earned them the first domestic treble by an MLS side ." } ] }, { "value": "3 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Los Angeles FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_FC", "summary": "Los Angeles Football Club , commonly referred to as LAFC , is an American professional soccer franchise based in Los Angeles , California , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the Western Conference . The team plays their home games at the Banc of California Stadium in Exposition Park . The team shares the Los Angeles area market with the LA Galaxy , and the two clubs compete in a rivalry dubbed El Tráfico ." } ] }, { "value": "never ( club entered MLS in 2018 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2018_Major_League_Soccer_season", "summary": "The 2018 Major League Soccer season was the 23rd season of Major League Soccer , top division of soccer in the United States and Canada . The regular season began on March 3 , 2018 and concluded on October 28 , 2018 . The MLS Cup Playoffs began on October 31 , 2018 and concluded with MLS Cup 2018 on December 8 , 2018 . The league took a nine-day hiatus in early June for the 2018 FIFA World Cup , reduced from previous breaks . Los Angeles FC joined the league as an expansion franchise , while D.C. United debuted their new soccer-specific stadium , Audi Field . Toronto FC were the defending Supporters ' Shield champions and defending MLS Cup champions . New York Red Bulls won their third Supporters ' Shield , with a league record 71 points , while Atlanta United FC won their first MLS Cup in their second year in the league ." } ] }, { "value": "2 seasons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Atlanta United FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlanta_United_FC", "summary": "Atlanta United FC , commonly known as Atlanta United , is an American professional soccer club based in Atlanta , Georgia that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference . It is the most recent winner of the U.S. Open Cup and Campeones Cup . Founded in 2014 , Atlanta United began play as an MLS expansion team in 2017 , as the twenty-second team in the league . It is the first MLS franchise to be based in Atlanta , and the club plays home games at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium , which they share with the city 's National Football League ( NFL ) franchise , the Atlanta Falcons . Both are owned by Arthur Blank , co-founder of The Home Depot . The club also owns Atlanta United 2 , a reserve team that competes in the USL Championship ( USLC ) . Gerardo Tata Martino was appointed as the club 's first head coach and guided Atlanta to their first playoff appearance in the team 's debut season , before securing the team 's first trophy in just their second season by winning MLS Cup 2018 . Based on 2018 regular season attendance , Atlanta has one of the largest fanbases in MLS , and they have set several league records for highest single-match and average attendance . In 2019 , Forbes estimated the club was the most valuable in the league , worth approximately $ 500 million ." } ] }, { "value": "2018", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLS_Cup_2018", "summary": "MLS Cup 2018 was the 23rd edition of the MLS Cup , the championship match of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , which took place on December 8 , 2018 . It was the final match of the 2018 MLS Cup Playoffs and was contested by Atlanta United FC and the Portland Timbers at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta , Georgia . Atlanta , in their second MLS season , qualified for the playoffs as the second seed in the Eastern Conference and defeated New York City FC and Supporters ' Shield winners New York Red Bulls in the playoffs . Portland qualified as the fifth seed in the Western Conference and defeated fourth-ranked FC Dallas , second-ranked Seattle Sounders FC , and first-ranked Sporting Kansas City to qualify for their second MLS Cup final . Atlanta United FC won the match 2-0 for their first MLS Cup , before a record attendance of 73,019 spectators . As winners , they would have qualified for the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League , though they had already secured a berth through an alternate qualifying process . Atlanta hosted the 2019 Campeones Cup , which it won against Club América , the winner of the Mexican Campeón de Campeones ." } ] }, { "value": "1 season", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "List of active droughts -- MLS Cup Final appearance", "section_text": "Updated through 2019 Major League Soccer season . Does not include clubs that appeared in the 2019 MLS Cup .", "uid": "List_of_MLS_club_post-season_droughts_3", "intro": "These are lists of active and all-time Major League Soccer (MLS) club post-season series win, MLS Cup Playoffs and MLS Cup droughts. Those teams which have never made it in club history are listed by the season that they entered the league. Among the current 24 MLS teams, 11 have never won the MLS Cup and 13 have never won the Supporters' Shield. Among those clubs which have won the MLS Cup, the longest MLS Cup title drought is that of the Chicago Fire, who have not won the post-season honor since winning the 1998 MLS Cup. The longest Supporters' Shield drought is Sporting Kansas City, who last won the title in the 2000. The only teams that have never qualified for the post-season tournament are Orlando City SC, who debuted in 2015 and FC Cincinnati, who debuted in 2019." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremouw_Formation", "title": "Fremouw Formation", "header": [ "Taxon", "Member", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Cynognathus sp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cynognathus", "summary": "Cynognathus is an extinct genus of large-bodied cynodontian therapsids that lived in the Middle Triassic . It is known from a single species , Cynognathus crateronotus . Cynognathus was a 1.2-metre ( 3 ft 11 in ) long predator closely related to mammals and had a southern hemispheric distribution . Fossils have so far been recovered from South Africa , Argentina , Antarctica , and Namibia ." } ] }, { "value": "Upper Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A cynodont", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cynodont", "summary": "The cynodonts ( dog teeth ) ( clade Cynodontia ) are therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian ( approximately 260 Ma ) . The cynodonts include modern mammals ( including humans ) as well as their extinct ancestors and close relatives , but not all cynodonts were mammals ." } ] }, { "value": "Diademodontidae indet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diademodontidae", "summary": "Diademodontidae is an extinct family of Triassic gomphodonts . The best-known genus is Diademodon from South Africa . Titanogomphodon from Namibia may also be a member of Diademodontidae . The Chinese genera Hazhenia and Ordosiodon have also been included in the family , but were more recently identified as baurioid therocephalians . Remains of a diademodontid have been discovered in the Early Triassic Fremouw Formation in Antarctica ." } ] }, { "value": "Upper Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A cynodont", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ericiolacerta parva", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ericiolacerta", "summary": "Ericiolacerta is an extinct genus of small therocephalian therapsids from the early Triassic of South Africa and Antarctica . It was around 20 centimetres ( 7.9 in ) in length , with long limbs and relatively small teeth . It probably ate insects and other small invertebrates . The therocephalians - reptiles with mammal-like heads - were quite abundant in Permian times , but only a few made it into the Triassic . Ericiolacerta was one of those . It is possible that they gave rise to the cynodonts , the only mammal-like reptile group to exist into late Triassic times . It was these that gave rise to the mammals . Little holes in the snout area of the skull suggest that perhaps the snout had highly developed sense organs , like whiskers . There is a palate in the roof of the mouth , separating the breathing passage from the eating area . This suggests an efficient eating mechanism that may indicate a warm-blooded lifestyle . Ericiolacerta , meaning Eric 's little lizard , was named in 1931 ." } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A therocephalian", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Therocephalia", "summary": "Therocephalia is an extinct suborder of eutheriodont therapsids from the Permian and Triassic . The therocephalians ( beast-heads ) are named after their large skulls , which , along with the structure of their teeth , suggest that they were carnivores . Like other non-mammalian synapsids , therocephalians were once described as mammal-like reptiles . Therocephalia is the group most closely related to the cynodonts , which gave rise to the mammals . This relationship takes evidence in a variety of skeletal features . The phylogeny of therocephalians has been disputed , as the monophyly of the group and the relationships of its members are unclear . The fossils of therocephalians are numerous in the Karoo of South Africa , but have also been found in Russia , China , and Antarctica . Early therocephalian fossils discovered in Middle Permian deposits of South Africa support a Gondwanan origin for the group , which seems to have spread quickly throughout the world . Although almost every therocephalian lineage ended during the great Permian-Triassic extinction event , a few representatives of the subgroup called Eutherocephalia survived into the Early Triassic . However , the last therocephalians became extinct by the early Middle Triassic , possibly due to climate change and competition with cynodonts and various groups of reptiles ." } ] }, { "value": "Kannemeyeriidae indet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kannemeyeriidae", "summary": "Kannemeyeria was a large dicynodont of the family Kannemeyeriidae , one of the first representatives of the family , and hence one of the first large herbivores of the Triassic . It lived during the later Early and early Middle part of the Triassic period ( from the late Olenekian to the Middle Anisian age ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Upper Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A dicynodont", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dicynodont", "summary": "Dicynodontia is a taxon of anomodont therapsids with beginnings in the mid-Permian , which were dominant in the Late Permian , survived the Permian Extinction that wiped out most other therapsids and continued on throughout the Triassic before dying out at the end of the period . Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with two tusks , hence their name , which means 'two dog tooth ' . They are also the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids , with over 70 genera known , varying from rat- to elephant-sized ." } ] }, { "value": "Kombuisia antarctica", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kombuisia", "summary": "Kombuisia is a genus of dicynodont from Early to Middle Triassic ( Induan to Anisian ) of South Africa and Antarctica . Two species were described for the genus : Kombuisia frerensis ( type ) and Kombuisia antarctica . Dicynodonts were a diverse clade that inhabited the earth from the Middle Permian to the Late Triassic . Kombuisia is one of few species to survive the mass extinction event in the late Permian . Kombuisia are non-mammalian synapsid herbivores . Specimens of this genus were discovered in the 1960s and 1970s and years later were determined to be two different species of the genus . The two species were found in diverse areas , K. frerensis in South Africa and K. antarctica in Antarctica . This indicated that this genus existed in a wider biographical region in the southern hemisphere of Pangaea and believed by some to indicate the migration to Antarctica to avoid the rise in global temperatures that lead to the mass extinction . Migration to avoid global warming has been highly controversial because many of the fossils that are found in this region are juvenile and of small body size . But so far no Permian vertebrate fossils are known from Antarctica , making it less likely that they were already living there prior to the event . Originally the specimens that were collected in Antarctica were considered to be part of the Kingoria ( now known as Dicynodontoides ) genus . The specimens were originally catalogued in the American Museum of Natural History as Kingoria , however , with no formal reasoning for this categorization , this has since been revised with more up-to-date knowledge of features and speciation ." } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A dicynodont", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lystrosaurus curvatus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lystrosaurus", "summary": "Lystrosaurus ( /ˌlɪstroʊˈsɔːrəs/ ; 'shovel lizard ' ; proper Greek is λίστρον lístron tool for leveling or smoothing , shovel , spade , hoe ) was a herbivorous genus of Late Permian and Early Triassic Period dicynodont therapsids , which lived around 250 million years ago in what is now Antarctica , India , China , Mongolia , European Russia and South Africa . Four to six species are currently recognized , although from the 1930s to 1970s the number of species was thought to be much higher . They ranged in size from that of a small dog to 2.5 meters long . [ better source needed ] Being a dicynodont , Lystrosaurus had only two teeth ( a pair of tusk-like canines ) , and is thought to have had a horny beak that was used for biting off pieces of vegetation . Lystrosaurus was a heavily built , herbivorous animal , approximately the size of a pig . The structure of its shoulders and hip joints suggests that Lystrosaurus moved with a semi-sprawling gait . The forelimbs were even more robust than the hindlimbs , and the animal is thought to have been a powerful digger that nested in burrows . Lystrosaurus survived the Permian-Triassic extinction , 252 million years ago . In the Early Triassic , they were by far the most common terrestrial vertebrates , accounting for as many as 95% of the total individuals in some fossil beds . Researchers have forwarded various hypotheses for why Lystrosaurus survived the extinction event and prospered in the early Triassic ." } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A dicynodont", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lystrosaurus murrayi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lystrosaurus", "summary": "Lystrosaurus ( /ˌlɪstroʊˈsɔːrəs/ ; 'shovel lizard ' ; proper Greek is λίστρον lístron tool for leveling or smoothing , shovel , spade , hoe ) was a herbivorous genus of Late Permian and Early Triassic Period dicynodont therapsids , which lived around 250 million years ago in what is now Antarctica , India , China , Mongolia , European Russia and South Africa . Four to six species are currently recognized , although from the 1930s to 1970s the number of species was thought to be much higher . They ranged in size from that of a small dog to 2.5 meters long . [ better source needed ] Being a dicynodont , Lystrosaurus had only two teeth ( a pair of tusk-like canines ) , and is thought to have had a horny beak that was used for biting off pieces of vegetation . Lystrosaurus was a heavily built , herbivorous animal , approximately the size of a pig . The structure of its shoulders and hip joints suggests that Lystrosaurus moved with a semi-sprawling gait . The forelimbs were even more robust than the hindlimbs , and the animal is thought to have been a powerful digger that nested in burrows . Lystrosaurus survived the Permian-Triassic extinction , 252 million years ago . In the Early Triassic , they were by far the most common terrestrial vertebrates , accounting for as many as 95% of the total individuals in some fossil beds . Researchers have forwarded various hypotheses for why Lystrosaurus survived the extinction event and prospered in the early Triassic ." } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A dicynodont", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Myosaurus gracilis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Myosaurus", "summary": "Myosaurus is an extinct genus of dicynodont found primarily in Antarctica and South Africa ." } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A dicynodont", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pedaeosaurus parvus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pedaeosaurus", "summary": "Pedaeosaurus is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids . Fossils have been found from the Fremouw Formation in the southern Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica . Pedaeosaurus has traditionally been classified as a scaloposaurid and more recently as an ericiolacertid closely related to Ericiolacerta ( also from the Fremouw Formation ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A therocephalian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rhigosaurus glacialis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rhigosaurus", "summary": "Rhigosaurus is a genus of therocephalian therapsids ." } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A therocephalian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thrinaxodon liorhinus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thrinaxodon", "summary": "Thrinaxodon is an extinct genus of cynodonts , most commonly regarded by its species T. liorhinus which lived in what are now South Africa and Antarctica . Thrinaxodon has been dated between the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and the mid-Triassic . Its survival during the extinction may have been due to its burrowing habits . Similar to other synapsids , Thrinaxodon adopted a semi-sprawling posture , an intermediary form between the sprawling position of pelycosaurs ( not unlike current Crocodylia ) and the more upright posture present in current mammals . Thrinaxodon is prevalent in the fossil record in part because it was one of the few carnivores of its time , and was of a larger size than similar cynodont carnivores . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Lower Fremouw", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A cynodont", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Biota -- Tetrapods", "section_text": "", "uid": "Fremouw_Formation_2", "intro": "The Fremouw Formation is a Triassic-age rock formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. Fossils of prehistoric reptiles and amphibians have been found in the formation. Fossilized trees have also been found. The formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. During the Triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70-75°S latitude." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Green_Bay_Packers_season", "title": "1964 Green Bay Packers season", "header": [ "Round", "Pick", "Player", "Position", "School" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lloyd Voss", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lloyd_Voss", "summary": "Lloyd John Voss ( February 13 , 1942 - March 1 , 2007 ) was an American football defensive end . He was drafted in the first round by the Green Bay Packers in the 1964 NFL Draft . He played most of his career with the Pittsburgh Steelers . Voss reportedly died of liver and kidney failure ." } ] }, { "value": "Defensive End", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defensive_End", "summary": "Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played ." } ] }, { "value": "Nebraska", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Nebraska_Cornhuskers_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big Eight Conference in the 1963 NCAA University Division football season . The team was coached by Bob Devaney and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln , Nebraska ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jon Morris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jon_Morris", "summary": "Jon Morris ( born April 5 , 1942 ) is an American former professional football player . His father was John D. Morris , a longtime reporter and editor in the Washington bureau of the New York Times . At Gonzaga College High School in Washington , DC , he was a three-sport athlete in football , basketball and baseball . After Gonzaga he played center and linebacker for three seasons of college football at the College of the Holy Cross . He was the Washington Daily News 's Athlete of the Year in 1960 and Holy Cross Varsity Club Athlete of the Year and Lineman of the Year in 1963 . He was selected All-East and All-America in his senior year , played in the College All-Star Game and captained the Senior Bowl . He was inducted into the Holy Cross Hall of Fame in 1973 . In 1983 Jon was an inaugural inductee of the Gonzaga College High School Athletic Hall of Fame , joined in 1991 by his brother , Will who quarterbacked at Gonzaga and the University of Maryland as well serving as Gonzaga Head Football Coach from 1975 to 1978 . The Green Bay Packers , coached by Vince Lombardi , picked Morris as their number two draft choice , however Morris chose to go with the Boston Patriots instead and he was signed on as their third pick . Morris was the Patriots ' team Rookie of the Year in 1964 , and their Unsung Hero in 1965 . He was an AFL All-Star six times , 1964 through 1969 , and was an AFC Pro Bowl Center in 1970 ; he was the first Patriots player to be selected for the AFC Pro Bowl . Morris was named to the second team , All-Time All-AFL , and to the fan-selected Boston Patriots All-1960s Team ." } ] }, { "value": "Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Center_(American_football)", "summary": "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ." } ] }, { "value": "Holy Cross", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Holy_Cross_Crusaders_football", "summary": "The Holy Cross Crusaders football team is the collegiate American football program of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester , Massachusetts . The team is a member of the Patriot League , an NCAA Division I conference that participates in Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . The team plays their home games at Fitton Field ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "36", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ode Burrell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ode_Burrell", "summary": "Ode Burrell Jr. ( September 15 , 1939 - February 28 , 2009 ) was an American football player . A halfback , he played high school football at Durant , Mississippi college football at Mississippi State University , and played professionally in the American Football League ( AFL ) for the Houston Oilers from 1964 through 1969 . During his career he was a versatile player . In his best season , 1965 , he rushed for 528 yards , caught 55 passes for 650 yards , and returned punts and kickoffs for an additional 241 yards . He was an American Football League All-Star in 1965 . Burrell died February 28 , 2009 of complications from diabetes ." } ] }, { "value": "Back", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mississippi State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Mississippi_State_Bulldogs_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Mississippi State Bulldogs football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1963 NCAA University Division football season . Although the Bulldogs were picked to come in last in the SEC in the preseason , they finished 4-1-2 in the conference and qualified for the Liberty Bowl , the first nationally televised game in school history . The Liberty Bowl , played in 15-degree weather , was described by longtime radio broadcaster Jack Cristil as colder than a pawnbroker 's heart . Head coach Paul Davis was named SEC Coach of the Year in honor of the team 's surprise success ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Joe O'Donnell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joe_O'Donnell_(American_football)", "summary": "Joseph Raymond O'Donnell ( August 31 , 1941 - January 17 , 2019 ) was an American football player . He played college football as a fullback , guard and tackle for the University of Michigan from 1960 to 1963 . He also played professional football as a guard and tackle for eight seasons for the Buffalo Bills in the American Football League and the National Football League . He was a part of the 1964 and 1965 AFL Championship teams . O'Donnell was an AFL Eastern Division All-Star in 1965 . In 1974 , he came out of retirement to play for the Birmingham Americans of the upstart World Football League . He played for the WFL 's Birmingham Vulcans in the 1975 season until the league collapsed , returning him to retirement from pro football ." } ] }, { "value": "Guard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guard_(American_football)", "summary": "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ." } ] }, { "value": "Michigan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Michigan_Wolverines_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1963 Big Ten Conference football season . In its fifth year under head coach Bump Elliott , Michigan compiled a 3-4-2 record ( 2-3-2 against conference opponents ) , tied for fifth place in the Big Ten , and outscored opponents by a combined total of 131 to 127 . The highlight of the season was an upset victory over No . 2 Illinois led by Dick Butkus ; the game was the only loss suffered by the 1963 Illinois team . Left guard Joe O'Donnell was the team captain and was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team guard on the 1963 All-Big Ten Conference football team . Left tackle Tom Keating received the team 's most valuable player award and was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten player by the United Press International . The team 's statistical leaders included Bob Timberlake with 593 passing yards , Mel Anthony with 394 rushing yards and 30 points scored , and John Henderson with 330 receiving yards ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tommy Crutcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tommy_Crutcher", "summary": "Tommy Joe Crutcher ( born August 10 , 1941 in McKinney , Texas - d. February 16 , 2002 in Port Isabel , Texas ) was an American football player who played for the Green Bay Packers , New York Giants , and the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League . He played college football at Texas Christian University . Tommy Joe Crutcher ( 6 3 192 ) with 10.5 speed , was one of the finest fullbacks and defensive linebackers in Texas High School football during the late 1950s . As a junior in 1958 , Crutcher , a strong , punishing runner , rushed for 1,070 yards in 13 games to lead the McKinney Lions offense . Crutcher , who was All-District as a junior was also an outstanding outside linebacker that had numerous unassisted tackles as the Lions lost in the 1958 AAA semi-final game to eventual AAA state champion Breckenridge . Despite missing 3 games with a shoulder injury his senior year in 1959 , Crutcher still managed to lead the Lions with 850 yards rushing on 143 carries over 7 games . He was also well known for his crushing tackles from his defensive linebacker position . He was Co-Captain of the football team and a 1959 AAA Honorable Mention All-State selection . Tommy Joe , a High School Football All-American , was highly respected by his coaches , teachers , teammates and the people of McKinney . Crutcher attended Texas Christian University where he was first team All-America in 1963 . As a TCU sophomore in 1961 , he rushed for 580 yards . During his junior year in 1962 , Crutcher rushed for 542 yards on 108 carries and was an All-Conference selection , while in 1963 , he rushed for 473 yards on 108 carries to lead the Hornfrogs offense ." } ] }, { "value": "Linebacker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Linebacker", "summary": "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ." } ] }, { "value": "TCU", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/TCU_Horned_Frogs_football", "summary": "The TCU Horned Frogs football team is the intercollegiate football team of Texas Christian University ( TCU ) . The Horned Frogs compete in Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the United States . Since 2012 , the Horned Frogs have been a member of the Big 12 Conference , and were previously members of the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) , Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) , Conference USA ( C-USA ) , Southwest Conference ( SWC ) , and Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association ( TIAA ) . TCU began playing football in 1896 and claims national championships in 1935 and 1938 . TCU has one Heisman Trophy winner , Davey O'Brien , and has had eight former players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame . The Horned Frogs play their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium , which is located on the TCU campus in Fort Worth . TCU ranks as the 4th best private college football school of all time , behind Notre Dame , USC , and Miami-FL . The Horned Frogs are also one of only four FBS teams to have played in all six College Football Playoff Bowls , winning all but the Fiesta and Orange . In 2017 , TCU and Coach Patterson reached their 10th 11-win season since Gary Patterson has been coaching for the program . That is the 4th most 11 win seasons since 2001 in all of college football ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "44", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bob Long", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bob_Long", "summary": "Robert Andrew Bob Long ( born June 16 , 1941 ) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League who played in the 1960s and 1970s and earned two Super Bowl rings . He attended suburban Pittsburgh 's Washington Township High School ( near Apollo ) , and Wichita State University . His seven-year pro-career was spent with both the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins . He was an instrumental part of Vince Lombardi 's wins at Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II . Long was inducted into the State of Kansas Hall of Fame in 1965 and the Wichita State Hall of Fame in 1972 . Recently , in 2008 he was added to the Western Chapter of Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame . After being a Third Team All American at Wichita State University , Bob was drafted in the fourth round by the Green Bay Packers in 1964 . He played on the Green Bay teams that won the NFL Championship in 1965 , and won the first two Super Bowls in 1966 and 1967 . That Packers team is the only team in NFL history to win three championships in a row . After joining the Atlanta Falcons in 1968 , Long reunited with Lombardi in 1969 with the Washington Redskins . He spent his final season with the Los Angeles Rams in 1970 . Long was the only active player ever to play for both the Green Bay Packers and Washington Redskins under Vince Lombardi and is part of the Lombardi Legends ." } ] }, { "value": "Wide Receiver", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wide_Receiver", "summary": "A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist ." } ] }, { "value": "Wichita State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wichita_State_Shockers_football", "summary": "The Wichita State Shockers football team was the NCAA Division I football program of Wichita State University in Wichita , Kansas . The Shockers fielded a team from 1897 to 1986 . They played their home games at Cessna Stadium and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference until the program was discontinued . The team was known as Fairmount from its first season in 1897 to 1925 and Wichita from 1926 through 1963 ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paul Costa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paul_Costa", "summary": "Sebastian Paul Costa ( December 7 , 1941 - October 12 , 2015 ) was an American football tight end . ] He played college football for the University of Notre Dame 's Fighting Irish . The American Football League 's Kansas City Chiefs drafted him in his junior year , 1964 , and he was traded to the AFL 's Buffalo Bills for the 1965 season . He won a starting job at tight end his rookie year with the Bills , and soon became an excellent tight end , being named an AFL All-Star in his first two seasons . As a rookie , Costa averaged 19.1 yards per catch . For his career , he averaged 16.7 yards per catch . In his first year , in the 1965 AFL Championship game against the San Diego Chargers , he teamed with Ernie Warlick in one of the first uses of the double tight end formation installed by head coach Lou Saban . Costa caught two passes for 32 yards , Warlick caught three for 35 yards and a touchdown as the Bills defeated the Chargers for the second consecutive year , this time shutting them out 23 - 0 , the first shutout in AFL Championship game history . In Costa 's fifth year in pro football , he moved to offensive tackle and played that position for four years . After playing eight years for the Bills , he retired for one year , then came out of retirement to play for the Birmingham Americans of the World Football League in 1974 and Birmingham Vulcans in 1975 . Costa earned a B.A . degree in Communications from Notre Dame ." } ] }, { "value": "Tackle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Notre Dame", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1963 NCAA University Division football season ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "60", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duke Carlisle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_Carlisle", "summary": "Emmet Augustus Duke Carlisle III is a former American football player who started as a quarterback and defensive back for the Texas Longhorns in the early 1960s . He was the starting quarterback on Texas ' first National Championship team in 1963 . In his final game , he set the NCAA record for most yards per pass completion in a bowl game and three Cotton Bowl records on his way to being named the game 's Offensive MVP . He still holds the Cotton Bowl record for most yards per pass completion ." } ] }, { "value": "Quarterback", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quarterback", "summary": "The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack ." } ] }, { "value": "Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Texas_Longhorns_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1963 NCAA University Division football season . The Longhorns won their first national championship . Tommy Nobis was the only sophomore starter , and was an important participant on the Longhorns ' 1963 team , which defeated # 2 Navy led by Heisman Trophy winner Roger Staubach in the 1964 Cotton Bowl Classic , 28-6 ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "69", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Steve Wright", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steve_Wright_(American_football,_born_1942)", "summary": "Stephen Thomas Wright ( born July 17 , 1942 ) is a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League ( NFL ) for five different teams . He also played for the Chicago Fire of the WFL in 1974 . He played college football at the University of Alabama . He never started a game for Alabama , but was drafted in the fifth round of the 1964 draft , by the Green Bay Packers . Wright played in 101 games in nine season in the NFL , but never started . He is the author of I 'd Rather be Wright : Memoirs of an Itinerant Tackle ( 1974 , with William Gildea and Kenneth Turan ) , a fly-on-the wall look at the pro football world of the late 1960s and early 1970s . In 1969 , Wright was the model for the Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award , sculpted by Daniel Bennett Schwartz ." } ] }, { "value": "Offensive Tackle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tackle_(American_football)", "summary": "Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense ." } ] }, { "value": "Alabama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Alabama Crimson Tide football team ( variously Alabama , UA or Bama ) represented the University of Alabama in the 1963 NCAA University Division football season . It was the Crimson Tide 's 69th overall and 30th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant , in his sixth year , and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa , Legion Field in Birmingham and Ladd Stadium in Mobile , Alabama . They finished season with nine wins and two losses ( 9-2 overall , 6-2 in the SEC ) and with a victory over Ole Miss in the Sugar Bowl . The Crimson Tide opened the season with wins at Georgia , against Tulane in Mobile and at Vanderbilt en route to a 3-0 start . However , in their fourth game , Alabama was upset by Florida in what was coach Bryant 's first loss at Denny Stadium as head coach . They rebounded the week that followed with a shutout victory over Tennessee and then won their next three games against Houston , Mississippi State and Georgia Tech . In the annual Iron Bowl against Auburn , the Crimson Tide were defeated for the first time by the Tigers since the 1958 season . Although they lost , immediately after the game Alabama accepted an invitation to play Ole Miss in the Sugar Bowl . Before the bowl , the Crimson Tide defeated Miami in their final game of the regular season . They then closed the season with a victory over Ole Miss in the Sugar Bowl ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "97", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dick Herzing", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tackle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Drake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drake_Bulldogs_football", "summary": "The Drake Bulldogs are an NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision non-scholarship college football program representing Drake University . They currently compete in the non-scholarship Pioneer Football League and have been charter members of the conference since 1991 . Drake began playing intercollegiate football in 1893 ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "111", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ken Bowman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ken_Bowman", "summary": "Kenneth Brian Bowman ( born December 15 , 1942 ) is an American former professional football player . He played center in the National Football League for ten seasons , all with the Green Bay Packers . In his fourth NFL season in 1967 , Bowman was the center during the winning play of the Ice Bowl in which Bart Starr scored the winning touchdown on a quarterback sneak in the final seconds for a third consecutive NFL title . Born and raised in Illinois , Bowman played college football at the University of Wisconsin in Madison . During his junior year in 1962 , the Badgers were Big Ten Conference champions and played USC in the Rose Bowl . Bowman was selected by the Packers in the eighth round of the 1964 NFL Draft and succeeded hall of famer Jim Ringo at center for the Packers as a rookie in 1964 . After his rookie season , Bowman attended law school part-time and earned a law degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1972 . During the 1974 players ' strike , Bowman was the NFL players ' union representative for the Packers , and was picketing the first preseason scrimmage against the Chicago Bears at Lambeau Field in late July . Along with a number of teammates , he was arrested , and was placed on injured reserve with a phantom back injury and sat out the 1974 season . Bowman ended his 11-year professional career in 1975 in Honolulu with The Hawaiians of the struggling World Football League , which folded on October 22 ." } ] }, { "value": "Center", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wisconsin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1963 Big Ten Conference football season ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "125", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John McDowell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_McDowell_(American_football)", "summary": "John McDowell is a former offensive tackle in the National Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Offensive Tackle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "St. John 's ( MN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/College_of_Saint_Benedict_and_Saint_John's_University", "summary": "The College of Saint Benedict ( CSB ) , a women 's college , and Saint John 's University ( SJU ) , a men 's college , are private liberal arts colleges respectively located in St. Joseph and Collegeville , Minnesota , United States , near St . Cloud . Under CSB 's and SJU 's coordinate relationship , students at the two colleges have a shared curriculum , and access to the resources of both campuses ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "139", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Allen Jacobs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Allen_Jacobs", "summary": "Allen Winnett Jacobs ( May 19 , 1941 - April 22 , 2014 ) was a National Football League fullback and halfback with the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants . He played college football at the University of Utah . Jacobs was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the tenth round ( 139th overall ) of the 1964 NFL Draft . He was a member of the 1965 NFL Champion Green Bay Packer team . He was also drafted by the AFL 's Buffalo Bills in the 26th round ( 205th overall ) of the 1964 American Football League Draft . After his playing career ended , Jacobs served for eight seasons as the head coach of Westminster Parsons football from 1971 to 1978 . During his tenure , Jacobs compiled an overall record of 31 wins and 41 losses ( 31-41 ) . Jacobs died on April 22 , 2014 from a heart attack ." } ] }, { "value": "Back", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Utah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1963_Utah_Utes_football_team", "summary": "The 1963 Utah Redskins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Utah during the 1963 NCAA University Division football season . Head coach Ray Nagel led the team to a 2-2 mark in the WAC and 4-6 overall ." } ] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "153", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jack Petersen", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tackle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nebraska-Omaha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Omaha_Mavericks", "summary": "The Omaha Mavericks are the sports teams of the University of Nebraska Omaha . They participate in the NCAA 's Division I and in The Summit League , except in ice hockey , where they compete in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference ( NCHC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "167", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dwain Bean", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Back", "urls": [] }, { "value": "North Texas State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/North_Texas_Mean_Green_football", "summary": "The North Texas Mean Green football program is the intercollegiate team that represents the University of North Texas in the sport of American football . The Mean Green compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the West Division of Conference USA ( CUSA ) . They are coached by Seth Littrell , who has served in that position since 2016 . North Texas has produced 24 conference championship titles , with eight postseason bowl appearances and four appearances in the former I-AA ( now Football Championship Series ) Playoffs . The Mean Green play their home games at the Apogee Stadium which has a seating capacity of 30,850 ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "181", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jack Mauro", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tackle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Northern Michigan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Northern_Michigan_University", "summary": "Northern Michigan University ( NMU ) is a public university in Marquette , Michigan . The university was established in 1899 . With enrollment of about 8,000 undergraduate and graduate students , Northern Michigan University is the Upper Peninsula 's largest university . NMU offers programs in undergraduate , master 's degrees , Doctor of Nursing Practice and specialist certifications . In 2017 , NMU became the first college in the United States to offer a four-year degree in medicinal plant chemistry ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "195", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tom O'Grady", "urls": [] }, { "value": "End", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Northwestern", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Northwestern_Wildcats_football", "summary": "The Northwestern Wildcats football team , representing Northwestern University , is an NCAA Division I college football team and member of the Big Ten Conference , with evidence of organization in 1876 . The mascot is the Wildcat , a term coined by a Chicago Tribune reporter in 1924 , after reporting on a football game where the players appeared as a wall of purple wildcats . Northwestern achieved an all-time high rank of No . 1 during the 1936 and 1962 seasons , then plummeted to extended levels of futility from the mid-1970s to 1994 . Recently , under Pat Fitzgerald 's leadership , the Wildcats have become a well-rounded team capable of competing with top teams across the country . The Wildcats have won three Big Ten championships or co-championships since 1995 , and have been bowl eligible ( a status that requires at least a .500 regular-season record ) in six out of the last seven seasons . Northwestern consistently ranks among the national leaders in graduation rate among football teams , having received the AFCA Academic Achievement Award four times since 2002 . The Wildcats play their home games at Ryan Field ( formerly Dyche Stadium ) in Evanston , Illinois , since 1926 ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "209", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alex Zerko", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tackle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kent State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kent_State_Golden_Flashes_football", "summary": "The Kent State Golden Flashes football team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Kent State University in Kent , Ohio . The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference East division , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly Division I-A ) . The Golden Flashes played their first game in 1920 and since 1969 have played their home games at Dix Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "223", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andrew Ireland", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Back", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Utah", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "237", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Len St. Jean", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Len_St._Jean", "summary": "Leonard Wayne St. Jean ( born October 27 , 1941 ) is a former college and professional American football guard . In 1964 , he joined the Boston Patriots of the American Football League . He played there for ten seasons and was a one-time AFL All-Star selection , and a member of the Patriots ' All-1960s ( AFL ) Team . Lennie was known as the Boston Strong Boy and started his career as a Defensive End for the Boston Patriots in 1964 . He recorded 5.5 sacks and played on both sides of the line of scrimmage over the 1964-1965 seasons . He was also used as a linebacker . Lennie sacked Mickey Slaughter and Jacky Lee in the Patriots 39-10 rout of the Denver Broncos @ Bears Stadium on 10-04-64 . He sacked Don Trull in the Patriots 34-17 victory over the Houston Oilers @ Jeppesen Stadium on 11-19-64 . Lennie sacked Dick Wood twice ' in their 30-21 loss to the Oakland Raiders @ Frank Youell Field on 10-24-65 . Lennie shared in a sack of Joe Namath in the Boston Patriots 27-23 win over the New York Jets @ Shea Stadium on 11-28-65 . As a defensive end , Lennie recovered a fumble by Mike Taliaferro in the Patriots 35-14 loss to the New York Jets on 10-31-64 . Lennie played most of his career as on Offensive Guard and was recognized as an AFL All Star Guard in 1966 ." } ] }, { "value": "End", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Northern Michigan", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Offseason -- NFL Draft", "section_text": "Main article : 1964 NFL draft", "uid": "1964_Green_Bay_Packers_season_0", "intro": "The 1964 Green Bay Packers season was their 46th season overall and their 44th season in the National Football League. The club was led by sixth-year head coach Vince Lombardi, and tied for second place in the Western Conference at 8-5-1. The Packers opened the season in Green Bay with a promising win over the rival Chicago Bears, the defending NFL champions. They then lost four of six, including three home games, and were 3-4 midway through the season, falling twice to the Baltimore Colts. The first three losses were by a total of five points, but the fourth on October 25, to the Los Angeles Rams in Milwaukee, was by ten and came after building a 17-0 lead. In the season's latter half, Green Bay won five of six and tied the Rams in the finale to end 3½ games behind the Colts (12-2) in the West, tied for second with Minnesota. Baltimore clinched the Western title on November 22, with three games remaining. Based on point differential in the season split with the Vikings, the Packers were awarded the runner-up slot in the Playoff Bowl, the consolation third place game in Miami played three weeks after the regular season, on January 3. Green Bay had played in the previous season's Playoff Bowl and won decisively, which followed consecutive league titles in 1961 and 1962, and three straight appearances in the championship game. In the 1964 season's third-place game, the St. Louis Cardinals prevailed over the unmotivated Packers, 24-17. The 1964 season was arguably the most disappointing for Lombardi as a head coach. Consecutive appearances in the consolation Playoff Bowl, and the loss, keyed Lombardi and the Packers to win three consecutive NFL titles; the latter two followed by victories in the first two Super Bowls." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_Canada", "title": "List of oldest buildings in Canada", "header": [ "Building", "Built", "City" ], "data": [ { "value": "Fort Selkirk Schoolhouse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1892", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Selkirk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Selkirk", "summary": "Fort Selkirk is a former trading post on the Yukon River at the confluence of the Pelly River in Canada 's Yukon . For many years it was home to the Selkirk First Nation ( Northern Tutchone ) . Archaeological evidence shows that the site has been in use for at least 8,000 years . Robert Campbell established a Hudson 's Bay Company trading post nearby in 1848 . In early 1852 he moved the post to its current location . Resenting the interference of the Hudson 's Bay Company with their traditional trade with interior Athabaskan First Nations , Chilkat Tlingit First Nation warriors attacked and looted the post that summer on Saturday , August 21 , 1852 . It was rebuilt about 40 years later and became an important supply point along the Yukon River . It was essentially abandoned by the mid-1950s after the Klondike Highway bypassed it and Yukon River traffic died down . At age 28 , under the command of Inspector John Douglas Moodie , Francis Joseph Fitzgerald was the first to chart an overland route from Edmonton to Fort Selkirk , Yukon via northern British Columbia and the Pelly River ( 1897 ) . The voyage took eleven months , having covered about 1,000 miles . As a result of this achievement , Fitzgerald was promoted corporal in 1899 . Many of the buildings have been restored and the Fort Selkirk Historic Site is owned and managed jointly by the Selkirk First Nation and the Yukon Government 's Department of Tourism and Culture ." } ] }, { "value": "Coward Cabin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1898", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Selkirk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Selkirk", "summary": "Fort Selkirk is a former trading post on the Yukon River at the confluence of the Pelly River in Canada 's Yukon . For many years it was home to the Selkirk First Nation ( Northern Tutchone ) . Archaeological evidence shows that the site has been in use for at least 8,000 years . Robert Campbell established a Hudson 's Bay Company trading post nearby in 1848 . In early 1852 he moved the post to its current location . Resenting the interference of the Hudson 's Bay Company with their traditional trade with interior Athabaskan First Nations , Chilkat Tlingit First Nation warriors attacked and looted the post that summer on Saturday , August 21 , 1852 . It was rebuilt about 40 years later and became an important supply point along the Yukon River . It was essentially abandoned by the mid-1950s after the Klondike Highway bypassed it and Yukon River traffic died down . At age 28 , under the command of Inspector John Douglas Moodie , Francis Joseph Fitzgerald was the first to chart an overland route from Edmonton to Fort Selkirk , Yukon via northern British Columbia and the Pelly River ( 1897 ) . The voyage took eleven months , having covered about 1,000 miles . As a result of this achievement , Fitzgerald was promoted corporal in 1899 . Many of the buildings have been restored and the Fort Selkirk Historic Site is owned and managed jointly by the Selkirk First Nation and the Yukon Government 's Department of Tourism and Culture ." } ] }, { "value": "Lowe 's Mortuary", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1898", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "North West Mounted Police Jail", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1898", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1898", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Selkirk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Selkirk", "summary": "Fort Selkirk is a former trading post on the Yukon River at the confluence of the Pelly River in Canada 's Yukon . For many years it was home to the Selkirk First Nation ( Northern Tutchone ) . Archaeological evidence shows that the site has been in use for at least 8,000 years . Robert Campbell established a Hudson 's Bay Company trading post nearby in 1848 . In early 1852 he moved the post to its current location . Resenting the interference of the Hudson 's Bay Company with their traditional trade with interior Athabaskan First Nations , Chilkat Tlingit First Nation warriors attacked and looted the post that summer on Saturday , August 21 , 1852 . It was rebuilt about 40 years later and became an important supply point along the Yukon River . It was essentially abandoned by the mid-1950s after the Klondike Highway bypassed it and Yukon River traffic died down . At age 28 , under the command of Inspector John Douglas Moodie , Francis Joseph Fitzgerald was the first to chart an overland route from Edmonton to Fort Selkirk , Yukon via northern British Columbia and the Pelly River ( 1897 ) . The voyage took eleven months , having covered about 1,000 miles . As a result of this achievement , Fitzgerald was promoted corporal in 1899 . Many of the buildings have been restored and the Fort Selkirk Historic Site is owned and managed jointly by the Selkirk First Nation and the Yukon Government 's Department of Tourism and Culture ." } ] }, { "value": "Yukon Hotel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yukon_Hotel", "summary": "The Yukon Hotel is a National Historic Site of Canada and part of the Dawson Historical Complex . It is a log building with a three-storey false facade on First Avenue at the corner of Church Street in Dawson City , Yukon . The building was constructed during the Klondike Gold Rush in 1898 by J.E . Binet , who named it Binet Block . A local entrepreneur , he and his brother J.O . Binet also operated Malden House , the Marconi Hotel , and Binet Brothers Saloon , and the Binet Bros. Hotel and General Merchants in Mayo . He and his workers used available materials , rushing to complete it by November . The narrow building had large street-level windows flanking the main entrance . Only the facade was made of milled lumber , as it was in short supply ; the remainder of the building was made of rough logs chinked with mud . It was leased to the Government of Canada for $ 1000 per month , which used it for the office of the Commissioner of Yukon , William Ogilvie , for land and timber agent offices , the territorial registrar , and as living quarters for the staff . In November 1900 , the government relocated its offices to the post office , newly constructed at the corner of Third Street and King Street . Binet then operated the building as a residence ." } ] }, { "value": "1898", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "Yukon Sawmill Company Office", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1898", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "Robert Service Cabin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_W._Service", "summary": "Robert William Service ( January 16 , 1874 - September 11 , 1958 ) was a British-Canadian poet and writer , often called the Bard of the Yukon . Born in Lancashire of Scottish descent , he was a bank clerk by trade , but spent long periods travelling in Western America and Canada , often in some poverty . When his bank sent him to the Yukon , he was inspired by tales of the Klondike Gold Rush , and wrote two poems The Shooting of Dan McGrew and The Cremation of Sam McGee , which showed remarkable authenticity from an author with no experience of gold-mining , and enjoyed immediate popularity . Encouraged by this , he quickly wrote more poems on the same theme , which were published as Songs of a Sourdough ( re-titled The Spell of the Yukon and Other Verses in the U.S. ) , and achieved a massive sale . When his next collection Ballads of a Cheechako proved equally successful , Service could afford to travel widely and live a leisurely life , basing himself in Paris and the French Riviera . Partly because of their popularity , and the speed with which he wrote them , his works were dismissed as doggerel by the critics , who were tending to say the same of Kipling , with whom Service was often compared . This did not worry Service , who was happy to classify his work as verse , not poetry ." } ] }, { "value": "1898-1899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "P. Denhardt Cabin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1899 ( before )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "Third Avenue Hotel , Building 14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "Dawson City Telegraph Office", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "Mme . Tremblay 's Store ( 16 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "NWMP Married Quarters", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dawson City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson_City", "summary": "Dawson City , officially the Town of the City of Dawson , is a town in the Canadian territory of Yukon . It is inseparably linked to the Klondike Gold Rush ( 1896-99 ) . Its population was 1,375 as of the 2016 census , making it the second largest town of Yukon ." } ] }, { "value": "Pioneer Hotel 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Whitehorse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Whitehorse,_Yukon", "summary": "Whitehorse is the capital and only city of Yukon , and the largest city in northern Canada . It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1426 ( Historic Mile 918 ) on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon . Whitehorse 's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River , which originates in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in Alaska . The city was named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse , near Miles Canyon , before the river was dammed . Because of the city 's location in the Whitehorse valley and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean , the climate is milder than comparable northern communities such as Yellowknife . At this latitude winter days are short and summer days have up to about 19 hours of daylight . Whitehorse , as reported by Guinness World Records , is the city with the least air pollution in the world . As of the 2016 census , the population was 25,085 . This represents approximately 70 percent of the entire population of Yukon territory ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Yukon", "section_text": "The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Yukon constructed prior to 1900 .", "uid": "List_of_oldest_buildings_in_Canada_10", "intro": "This is a list of the oldest surviving buildings and structures of significance in each province and territory of Canada." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_provinces_by_gross_domestic_product", "title": "List of Pakistani provinces by gross domestic product", "header": [ "Rank", "City", "Province", "2017 Nominal GDP ( in USD )", "2017 Per Capita Nominal Income ( in USD )" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Karachi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karachi", "summary": "Karachi ( Urdu : کراچی ; Sindhi : ڪراچي ; ALA-LC : Karācī , IPA : [ kəˈraːtʃi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh . It is the most populous city in Pakistan , and fifth-most-populous city proper in the world . Ranked as a beta-global city , the city is Pakistan 's premier industrial and financial centre . It is the cultural , economic , philanthropic , educational , and political hub of the country , and Pakistan 's most cosmopolitan city . Situated on the Arabian Sea , Karachi serves as a transport hub , and is home to Pakistan 's two largest seaports , the Port of Karachi and Port Bin Qasim , as well as Pakistan 's busiest airport , Jinnah International Airport . Though the Karachi region has been inhabited for millennia , the city was founded as the fortified village of Kolachi in 1729 . The settlement drastically increased in importance with the arrival of British East India Company in the mid 19th century , who not only embarked on major works to transform the city into a major seaport , but also connected it with their extensive railway network . By the time of the Partition of British India , the city was the largest in Sindh with an estimated population of 400,000 . Following the independence of Pakistan , the city 's population increased dramatically with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Muslim refugees from India . The city experienced rapid economic growth following independence , attracting migrants from throughout Pakistan and South Asia . Karachi is one of Pakistan 's most secular and socially liberal cities . It is also the most linguistically , ethnically , and religiously diverse city in Pakistan ." } ] }, { "value": "Sindh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sindh,_Pakistan", "summary": "Sindh ( /sɪnd/ ; Sindhi : سنڌ ; Urdu : سندھ , pronounced [ sɪnd̪ʰ ] ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan . Located in the southeast of the country , it is the historical home of the Sindhi people . Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area , and second largest province by population after Punjab . Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west , and Punjab province to the north . Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east , and Arabian Sea to the south . Sindh 's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River , the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India , and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh . Sindh has Pakistan 's second largest economy , while its provincial capital Karachi is Pakistan 's largest city and financial hub , and hosts the headquarters of several multinational banks . Sindh is home to a large portion of Pakistan 's industrial sector and contains two of Pakistan 's commercial seaports , Port Bin Qasim and the Karachi Port . The remainder of Sindh has an agriculture based economy , and produces fruits , food consumer items , and vegetables for the consumption of other parts of the country . Sindh is known for its distinct culture which is strongly influenced by Sufism , an important marker of Sindhi identity for both Hindus ( Sindh has Pakistan 's highest percentage of Hindu residents ) and Muslims in the province . Several important Sufi shrines are located throughout the province which attract millions of annual devotees . Sindh 's capital , Karachi , is Pakistan 's most ethnically diverse city , with Muhajirs , or descendants of those who migrated to Pakistan from India after 1947 and throughout the 1950s and 1960s , making up the majority of the population ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 64 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 4292/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lahore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lahore", "summary": "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan", "summary": "Punjab ( Urdu & Punjabi : پنجاب , romanized : Panjāb , pronounced [ pənˈdʒaːb ] , listen ( help·info ) ; lit . Five waters ) is Pakistan 's most populous province , with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017 . Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region , it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh , Balochistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the enclave of Islamabad , and Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir . The capital is Lahore , a cultural , historical , economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . In the subsequent centuries , Punjab was invaded and conquered by the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Delhi Sultanate , Mughals , Durranis and the Sikhs . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 35 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 3144/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Faisalabad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Faisalabad", "summary": "Faisalabad ( Urdu : فیصل آباد ; English : /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/ ) , formerly known as Lyallpur , is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan , and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab . Historically one of the first planned cities within British India , it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis . Faisalabad was restructured into city district status ; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance ( LGO ) . The total area of Faisalabad District is 5,856 km2 ( 2,261 sq mi ) while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority ( FDA ) is 1,280 km2 ( 490 sq mi ) . :8 Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads , rails , and air transportation . It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan . Faisalabad contributes over 20 percent of Punjab 's GDP , and has an average annual GDP of $ 20.5 billion . Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark . :41 The surrounding countryside , irrigated by the lower Chenab River , produces cotton , wheat , sugarcane , maize , vegetables and fruits . The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards , engineering works , and mills that process sugar , flour , and oil seed . Faisalabad is a major producer of superphosphates , cotton and silk textiles , hosiery , dyes , industrial chemicals , beverages , clothing , pulp and paper , printing , agricultural equipment , and ghee ( clarified butter ) . The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and provincial government ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan", "summary": "Punjab ( Urdu & Punjabi : پنجاب , romanized : Panjāb , pronounced [ pənˈdʒaːb ] , listen ( help·info ) ; lit . Five waters ) is Pakistan 's most populous province , with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017 . Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region , it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh , Balochistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the enclave of Islamabad , and Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir . The capital is Lahore , a cultural , historical , economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . In the subsequent centuries , Punjab was invaded and conquered by the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Delhi Sultanate , Mughals , Durranis and the Sikhs . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 29.5 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 9207/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sialkot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sialkot", "summary": "Sialkot ( Urdu and Punjabi : سيالكوٹ ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan . Sialkot is Pakistan 's 13th largest city and located 9 km from Ghuinke , and is located in north-east Punjab - one of Pakistan 's most industrialised regions . Along with the nearby cities of Gujranwala and Gujrat , Sialkot forms part of the so-called Golden Triangle of industrial cities with export-oriented economies . Sialkot is believed to be site of ancient Sagala , a city razed by Alexander the Great in 326 BCE , and then made capital of the Indo-Greek kingdom by Menander I in the 2nd century BCE - a time during which the city greatly prospered as a major centre for trade and Buddhist thought . Sialkot continued to be a major political centre , until it was eclipsed by Lahore around the turn of the first millennium . The city rose again in prominence during the British era , and is now one of Pakistan 's most important industrial centres . Sialkot is wealthy relative to other cities in South Asia , with an estimated 2014 per capita income of $ 2800 ( nominal ) . The city has been noted by The Economist for its entrepreneurial spirit , and productive business climate that have made Sialkot an example of a small Pakistani city that has emerged as a world-class manufacturing hub . The relatively small city exported approximately $ 2 billion worth of goods in 2015 , or about 10% of Pakistan 's total exports . Sialkot is also home to the Sialkot International Airport - Pakistan 's first privately owned public airport ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan", "summary": "Punjab ( Urdu & Punjabi : پنجاب , romanized : Panjāb , pronounced [ pənˈdʒaːb ] , listen ( help·info ) ; lit . Five waters ) is Pakistan 's most populous province , with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017 . Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region , it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh , Balochistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the enclave of Islamabad , and Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir . The capital is Lahore , a cultural , historical , economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . In the subsequent centuries , Punjab was invaded and conquered by the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Delhi Sultanate , Mughals , Durranis and the Sikhs . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 13 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 10268/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gujranwala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gujranwala", "summary": "Gujranwala ( Punjabi , Urdu : گوجرانوالہ ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan , that is located north of the nearby provincial capital of Lahore . It is also known as City of Wrestlers and is quite famous for its food . The city is Pakistan 's 5th most-populous metropolitan area , as well as 5th most populous city proper . Founded in the 18th century , Gujranwala is a relatively modern town compared to the many nearby millennia-old cities of northern Punjab . The city served as the capital of the Sukerchakia Misl state between 1763 and 1799 , and is the birthplace of the founder of the Sikh Empire , Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Gujranwala is now Pakistan 's third largest industrial centre after Karachi and Faisalabad , and contributes 5% of Pakistan 's national GDP . The city is part of a network of large urban centres in north-east Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan 's mostly highly industrialized regions . Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujrat , Gujranwala forms part of the so-called Golden Triangle of industrial cities with export-oriented economies ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan", "summary": "Punjab ( Urdu & Punjabi : پنجاب , romanized : Panjāb , pronounced [ pənˈdʒaːb ] , listen ( help·info ) ; lit . Five waters ) is Pakistan 's most populous province , with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017 . Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region , it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh , Balochistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the enclave of Islamabad , and Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir . The capital is Lahore , a cultural , historical , economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . In the subsequent centuries , Punjab was invaded and conquered by the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Delhi Sultanate , Mughals , Durranis and the Sikhs . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 12 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 5920/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Multan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Multan", "summary": "Multan ( مُلتان ; [ mʊltaːn ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan . Located on the banks of the Chenab River , Multan is Pakistan 's 7th largest city , and is the major cultural and economic centre of southern Punjab . Multan 's history stretches deep into antiquity . The ancient city was site of the renowned Multan Sun Temple , and was besieged by Alexander the Great during the Mallian Campaign . Multan was one of the most important trading centres of medieval Islamic India , and attracted a multitude of Sufi mystics in the 11th and 12th centuries , earning the city the nickname City of Saints . The city , along with the nearby city of Uch , is renowned for its large number of Sufi shrines dating from that era ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan", "summary": "Punjab ( Urdu & Punjabi : پنجاب , romanized : Panjāb , pronounced [ pənˈdʒaːb ] , listen ( help·info ) ; lit . Five waters ) is Pakistan 's most populous province , with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017 . Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region , it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh , Balochistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the enclave of Islamabad , and Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir . The capital is Lahore , a cultural , historical , economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . In the subsequent centuries , Punjab was invaded and conquered by the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Delhi Sultanate , Mughals , Durranis and the Sikhs . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 6.5 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 3472/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peshawar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peshawar", "summary": "Peshawar ( Pashto : پېښور Pēx̌awar [ peˈçawar ] ( listen ) ; Hindko : پشور ; [ pɪˈʃɔːɾ ] ( listen ) ; Urdu : پشاور [ peːˈʃaːʋər ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . Situated in the broad Valley of Peshawar near the eastern end of the historic Khyber Pass , close to the border with Afghanistan , Peshawar 's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BCE , making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest cities in South Asia . As the center of the ancient Gandhara region , Peshawar served as the capital of the Kushan Empire ; and was home to the Kanishka stupa . Peshawar was then sacked by the White Huns , before the arrival of Muslim empires . The city was an important trading centre during the Mughal era before serving as the winter capital of the Afghan Durrani Empire from 1757 until the city was captured by the Sikh Empire in 1818 , who were then followed by the British in 1849 . The city of Peshawar has a population of 1,970,042 according to the 2017 census , making it the largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the sixth-largest in Pakistan , while Peshawar District has a population of 4,269,079 . Peshawar is the largest Pashtun-majority city in Pakistan and is bilingual in Pashto and Hindko ." } ] }, { "value": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa,_Pakistan", "summary": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( often abbreviated KP or KPK ) ( Pashto : خیبر پښتونخوا ; } ) , formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) ( Urdu : صوبہ سرحد ) , is one of the four administrative provinces of Pakistan , located in the northwestern region of the country along the International border with Afghanistan . It was previously known as the North-West Frontier Province until 2010 when the name was changed to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by the 18th Amendment to Pakistan 's Constitution and is known colloquially by various other names . Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the third-largest province of Pakistan by the size of both population and economy , though it is geographically the smallest of four . Within Pakistan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa shares a border with Punjab , Balochistan , Azad Kashmir , Gilgit-Baltistan and Islamabad . It is home to 17.9% of Pakistan 's total population , with the majority of the province 's inhabitants being Pashtuns and Hindko speakers . The province is the site of the ancient kingdom Gandhara , including the ruins of its capital Pushkalavati near modern-day Charsadda . Originally a stronghold of Buddhism , the history of the region was characterized by frequent invasions by various empires due to its geographical proximity to the Khyber Pass . Since the 9/11 attacks in the United States in 2001 , the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been a major theatre of militancy and terrorism which intensified when the Taliban began an unsuccessful attempt to seize the control of the province in 2004 . With the launch of Operation Zarb-e-Azb against the Taliban insurgency , the casualty and crime rates in the country as a whole dropped by 40.0% as compared to 2011-13 , with even greater drops noted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas . As of July 2014 , about 929,859 people were reported to be internally displaced from North Waziristan to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a result of Operation Zarb-e-Azb . On March 2 , 2017 , the Government of Pakistan considered a proposal to merge the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , and to repeal the Frontier Crimes Regulations , which are currently applicable to the tribal areas . However , some political parties have opposed the merger , and called for the tribal areas to instead become a separate province of Pakistan ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 6 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 3045/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Quetta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quetta", "summary": "Quetta ( Pashto : کوټه Kwaṭa ; Balochi : کویته ; Urdu : کوئٹہ , Hazaragi : کویته [ ˈkʋeːʈə ] ( listen ) ; formerly known as Shalkot ( Pashto : شالکوټ ) ) is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan , Pakistan . It was largely destroyed in the 1935 Quetta earthquake , but was rebuilt and has a population of 4,678,932 according to the census of 2017 . Quetta is at an average elevation of 1,680 metres ( 5,510 feet ) above sea level , making it Pakistan 's only high-altitude major city . The city is known as the Fruit Garden of Pakistan , due to the numerous fruit orchards in and around it , and the large variety of fruits and dried fruit products produced there . Located in northern Balochistan near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border , Quetta is a trade and communication centre between the two countries . The city is near the Bolan Pass route which was once one of the major gateways from Central Asia to South Asia . Quetta played an important role militarily for the Pakistani Armed Forces in the intermittent Afghanistan conflict ." } ] }, { "value": "Baluchistan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Baluchistan,_Pakistan", "summary": "Balochistan ( /bəˌloʊtʃɪˈstɑːn/ ; Urdu : بلوچِستان ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan . It is the largest province in terms of land area , forming the southwestern region of the country , but is the least populated . Its provincial capital and largest city is Quetta . Balochistan shares borders with Punjab and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the northeast , Sindh to the east and southeast , the Arabian Sea to the south , Iran to the west and Afghanistan to the north and northwest . The main ethnic groups in the province are the Baloch people and the Pashtuns , who constitute 52% and 36% of the population respectively ( according to the preliminary 2011 census ) . The remaining 12% comprises smaller communities of Brahuis , Hazaras along with other settlers such as Sindhis , Punjabis , Uzbeks and Turkmens . The name Balochistan means the land of the Baloch . Largely underdeveloped , its provincial economy is dominated by natural resources , especially its natural gas fields , estimated to have sufficient capacity to supply Pakistan 's demands over the medium to long term . Aside from Quetta , the second-largest city of the province is Turbat in the south , while another area of major economic importance is Gwadar Port on the Arabian Sea . Balochistan is noted for its unique culture and extremely dry desert climate ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 4 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 3996/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rawalpindi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rawalpindi", "summary": "Rawalpindi ( /ˌrɑːwəlˈpɪndi/ or /rɔːlˈpɪndi/ ; Punjabi , Urdu : راولپِنڈى , Rāwalpiṇḍī ) , commonly known as Pindi ( Punjabi : پِنڈی ) , is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan . Rawalpindi is adjacent to Pakistan 's capital of Islamabad , and the two are jointly known as the twin cities on account of strong social and economic links between the cities . Rawalpindi is the fourth-largest city in Pakistan by population , while the larger Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country 's third-largest metropolitan area . Rawalpindi is located on the Pothohar Plateau , known for its ancient Buddhist heritage , especially in the neighbouring town of Taxila - a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The city was destroyed during the invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni before being taken over by Gakhars in 1493 . In 1765 , the ruling Gakhars were defeated as the city came under Sikh rule , and eventually became a major city within the Sikh Empire based in Lahore . The city was conquered by the British Raj in 1849 , and in 1851 became the largest garrison town for the British Indian Army . Following the partition of British India in 1947 , the city became home to the headquarters of Pakistan Army hence retaining its status as a major military city ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan", "summary": "Punjab ( Urdu & Punjabi : پنجاب , romanized : Panjāb , pronounced [ pənˈdʒaːb ] , listen ( help·info ) ; lit . Five waters ) is Pakistan 's most populous province , with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017 . Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region , it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh , Balochistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the enclave of Islamabad , and Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir . The capital is Lahore , a cultural , historical , economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . In the subsequent centuries , Punjab was invaded and conquered by the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Delhi Sultanate , Mughals , Durranis and the Sikhs . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 3.96 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 1887/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Islamabad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Islamabad", "summary": "Islamabad ( /ɪsˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ ; Urdu : اسلام آباد , Islāmābād ) is the capital city of Pakistan , and is federally administered as part of the Islamabad Capital Territory . Built as a planned city in the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital , Islamabad is noted for its high standards of living , safety , and abundant greenery . With a population of 1,014,825 as per the 2017 Census , Islamabad is the 9th largest city in Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country 's third largest with a population exceeding four million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and local government setup is run by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority ( CDA ) . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . The city 's master-plan , designed by Greek architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis , divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a gamma-global city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , with an HDI of 0.875 , the 2nd highest in the country after Lahore . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens ." } ] }, { "value": "Islamabad Capital Territory", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory", "summary": "Islamabad Capital Territory ( Urdu : وفاقی دارالحکومت ) is the only federal territory of Pakistan . Located in north-central Pakistan between the provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , it includes the country 's federal capital Islamabad . The territory is represented in the National Assembly constituencies NA-52 , NA-53 and NA-54 ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 3.04 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 4342/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hyderabad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hyderabad", "summary": "Hyderabad ( /ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ ( listen ) HY-dər-ə-baad ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh . [ A ] Occupying 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) along the banks of the Musi River , located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India . At an average altitude of 542 metres ( 1,778 ft ) , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including Hussain Sagar lake - predating the city 's founding - north of the city centre . Hyderabad City has a population of about 6.9 million , with about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region , making it the fourth-most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . With an output of US $ 74 billion , Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India 's overall gross domestic product . In 1591 Qutb Shahi ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda , in 1687 the city was annexed by the Mughals - in 1724 Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty also known as the Nizams , Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi from 1769 to 1948 . As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947 . Hyderabad was invaded and integrated into the Indian Union in 1948 and continues as a capital of Hyderabad State" } ] }, { "value": "sindh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sindh,_Pakistan", "summary": "Sindh ( /sɪnd/ ; Sindhi : سنڌ ; Urdu : سندھ , pronounced [ sɪnd̪ʰ ] ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan . Located in the southeast of the country , it is the historical home of the Sindhi people . Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area , and second largest province by population after Punjab . Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west , and Punjab province to the north . Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east , and Arabian Sea to the south . Sindh 's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River , the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India , and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh . Sindh has Pakistan 's second largest economy , while its provincial capital Karachi is Pakistan 's largest city and financial hub , and hosts the headquarters of several multinational banks . Sindh is home to a large portion of Pakistan 's industrial sector and contains two of Pakistan 's commercial seaports , Port Bin Qasim and the Karachi Port . The remainder of Sindh has an agriculture based economy , and produces fruits , food consumer items , and vegetables for the consumption of other parts of the country . Sindh is known for its distinct culture which is strongly influenced by Sufism , an important marker of Sindhi identity for both Hindus ( Sindh has Pakistan 's highest percentage of Hindu residents ) and Muslims in the province . Several important Sufi shrines are located throughout the province which attract millions of annual devotees . Sindh 's capital , Karachi , is Pakistan 's most ethnically diverse city , with Muhajirs , or descendants of those who migrated to Pakistan from India after 1947 and throughout the 1950s and 1960s , making up the majority of the population ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 3.00 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 1731/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bahawalpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bahawalpur", "summary": "Bahawalpur ( بہاولپور ) , is a city located in the Punjab province of Pakistan . Bahawalpur is the 11th largest city in Pakistan with an estimated population of 798,509 . Founded in 1748 , Bahawalpur was the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur , ruled by the Abbasi family of Nawabs until 1955 . The Nawabs left a rich architectural legacy , and Bahawalpur is now known for its monuments dating from that period . The city also lies at the edge of the Cholistan Desert , and serves as the gateway to the nearby Lal Suhanra National Park ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan", "summary": "Punjab ( Urdu & Punjabi : پنجاب , romanized : Panjāb , pronounced [ pənˈdʒaːb ] , listen ( help·info ) ; lit . Five waters ) is Pakistan 's most populous province , with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017 . Forming the bulk of the transnational Punjab region , it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Sindh , Balochistan , and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , the enclave of Islamabad , and Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir . The capital is Lahore , a cultural , historical , economic and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based . Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . In the subsequent centuries , Punjab was invaded and conquered by the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Delhi Sultanate , Mughals , Durranis and the Sikhs . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 2.9 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 3805/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mirpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir", "summary": "Mirpur ( Urdu : مِيرپُور ) , more commonly known as New Mirpur City ( Urdu : شہر نیا مِیرپُر ) , is the capital of Mirpur district and the largest city of Azad Kashmir . The city itself has gone through a process of modernization , but most of the surrounding area remains agricultural . Mirpur is known for its grand buildings and large bungalows , primarily funded through its expatriate community , which comes mainly from Europe ( especially the United Kingdom ) , Hong Kong , the Middle East , and North America . The main crop cultivated during summer is millet and pulses . However , other crops such as wheat , maize and vegetables are also grown . The produce of quality rice from the paddy fields of Khari Sharif , between Upper Jhelum Canal and Jhelum river , is very famous and popular for its aroma and taste . The production of electricity from Mangla Dam provides the energy needs for Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Northern Punjab . A significant portion of the population from the district , the Mirpuri diaspora , migrated to the United Kingdom in the mid-to-late 1950s and in the early 1960s , mostly to West Yorkshire , East Midlands , West Midlands , Luton , Peterborough , Derby and East London . Mirpur is thus sometimes known as Little England . Many British products are found , and many shops in the city accept the pound sterling ." } ] }, { "value": "Azad Kashmir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Azad_Kashmir", "summary": "Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( Urdu : آزاد جموں و کشمیر , romanized : āzād jammū̃ va kaśmīr , transl . 'Free Jammu and Kashmir ' ) , abbreviated as AJK and commonly known as Azad Kashmir , is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing jurisdiction , and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 , and between India and China since 1962 . The territory shares a border with Gilgit-Baltistan , together with which it is referred to by the United Nations and other international organisations as Pakistan administered Kashmir . [ note 1 ] Azad Kashmir is one-sixth of the size of Gilgit-Baltistan . The territory also borders Pakistan 's Punjab province to the south and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province to the west . To the east , Azad Kashmir is separated from the Indian administered Kashmir by the Line of Control , the de facto border between India and Pakistan . Azad Kashmir has a total area of 13,297 square kilometres ( 5,134 sq mi ) , and a total population of 4,045,366 as per the 2017 Census . The territory has a parliamentary form of government modelled after the Westminster system , with its capital located at Muzaffarabad . The President is the constitutional head of state , while the Prime Minister , supported by a Council of Ministers , is the chief executive . The unicameral Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly elects both the Prime Minister and President . The state has its own Supreme Court and a High Court , while the Government of Pakistan 's Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan serves as a link with Azad Kashmir 's government , although Azad Kashmir is not represented in the Parliament of Pakistan . An earthquake in 2005 killed 100,000 people and left another three million people displaced , with widespread devastation ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 1.4 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 3070/-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Abbottabad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abbottabad", "summary": "Abbottabad ( /ˈæbətəbæd/ or /ˈɑːbtəbæd/ ) ( Urdu , Hindko : ایبٹ آباد Aibṭ ābād [ ɛːbʈaːˈbaːd ] ) is the capital city of Abbottabad District in the Hazara region of eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan . It is about 120 kilometres ( 75 mi ) north of Islamabad and Rawalpindi , and 150 kilometres ( 93 mi ) east of Peshawar , at an altitude of 1,260 metres ( 4,134 ft ) . Kashmir lies to the east ." } ] }, { "value": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa", "summary": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( often abbreviated KP or KPK ) ( Pashto : خیبر پښتونخوا ; } ) , formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) ( Urdu : صوبہ سرحد ) , is one of the four administrative provinces of Pakistan , located in the northwestern region of the country along the International border with Afghanistan . It was previously known as the North-West Frontier Province until 2010 when the name was changed to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by the 18th Amendment to Pakistan 's Constitution and is known colloquially by various other names . Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the third-largest province of Pakistan by the size of both population and economy , though it is geographically the smallest of four . Within Pakistan , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa shares a border with Punjab , Balochistan , Azad Kashmir , Gilgit-Baltistan and Islamabad . It is home to 17.9% of Pakistan 's total population , with the majority of the province 's inhabitants being Pashtuns and Hindko speakers . The province is the site of the ancient kingdom Gandhara , including the ruins of its capital Pushkalavati near modern-day Charsadda . Originally a stronghold of Buddhism , the history of the region was characterized by frequent invasions by various empires due to its geographical proximity to the Khyber Pass . Since the 9/11 attacks in the United States in 2001 , the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been a major theatre of militancy and terrorism which intensified when the Taliban began an unsuccessful attempt to seize the control of the province in 2004 . With the launch of Operation Zarb-e-Azb against the Taliban insurgency , the casualty and crime rates in the country as a whole dropped by 40.0% as compared to 2011-13 , with even greater drops noted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas . As of July 2014 , about 929,859 people were reported to be internally displaced from North Waziristan to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a result of Operation Zarb-e-Azb . On March 2 , 2017 , the Government of Pakistan considered a proposal to merge the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , and to repeal the Frontier Crimes Regulations , which are currently applicable to the tribal areas . However , some political parties have opposed the merger , and called for the tribal areas to instead become a separate province of Pakistan ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 1.1 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "$ 3873/-", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Pakistani cities by GDP ( Nominal )", "section_text": "The table below lists the top cities by their Nominal GDP in 2017 , based on a study by the McKinsey Global Institute [ 6 ]", "uid": "List_of_Pakistani_provinces_by_gross_domestic_product_2", "intro": "This is a list of provinces of Pakistan by their gross state product (GSP) (the value of the total economy, and goods and services produced in the respective province) in nominal terms. GSP is the provincial-level counterpart of the national gross domestic product (GDP), the most comprehensive measure of a country's economic activity." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gould_Academy", "title": "Gould Academy", "header": [ "Name", "Class", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "James S. Wiley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_S._Wiley", "summary": "James Sullivan Wiley ( January 22 , 1808 - December 21 , 1891 ) was a U.S. Representative from Maine ." } ] }, { "value": "c. 1832", "urls": [] }, { "value": "U.S. Representative from Maine , 1847-1849", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/U.S._Representative", "summary": "The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress , the Senate being the upper house . Together they compose the national legislature of the United States . The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census , with each district entitled to one representative . Since its inception in 1789 , all representatives have been directly elected . The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435 . As of the 2010 Census , the largest delegation is that of California , with fifty-three representatives . Seven states have only one representative : Alaska , Delaware , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation , known as bills , which , after concurrence by the Senate , are sent to the president for consideration . In addition to this basic power , the House has certain exclusive powers , among them the power to initiate all bills related to revenue ; the impeachment of federal officers , who are sent to trial before the Senate ; and , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for president , the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office , with one vote given to each state for that purpose . The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol . The presiding officer is the speaker of the House , who is elected by the members thereof ( and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Maine", "summary": "Maine ( /meɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the northernmost state in the northeastern United States . Maine is the 12th smallest by area , the 9th least populous , and the 13th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . Located in New England , it is bordered by New Hampshire to the west , the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast , and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Québec to the northeast and northwest , respectively . Maine is the only state to border exactly one other state , is the easternmost among the contiguous United States , and is the northernmost state east of the Great Lakes . Maine is known for its jagged , rocky coastline ; low , rolling mountains ; heavily forested interior ; and picturesque waterways , as well as its seafood cuisine , especially lobster and clams . There is a humid continental climate throughout most of the state , including coastal areas . Maine 's most populous city is Portland and its capital is Augusta . For thousands of years , indigenous peoples were the only inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine . At the time of European arrival in what is now Maine , several Algonquian-speaking peoples inhabited the area . The first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island , by Pierre Dugua , Sieur de Mons . The first English settlement was the short-lived Popham Colony , established by the Plymouth Company in 1607 . A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s , although the rugged climate , deprivations , and conflict with the local peoples caused many to fail over the years ." } ] }, { "value": "La Fayette Grover", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/La_Fayette_Grover", "summary": "La Fayette Grover ( November 29 , 1823 - May 10 , 1911 ) was a Democratic politician and lawyer from the U.S. state of Oregon . He was the fourth Governor of Oregon , represented Oregon in the United States House of Representatives , and served one term in the United States Senate ." } ] }, { "value": "1838", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fourth Governor of Oregon , member of the United States House of Representatives and served member of the United States Senate", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Oregon", "summary": "This article lists the individuals who have served as Governor of Oregon from the establishment of the Provisional Government between 1841 and 1843 to the present day ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Governor_of_Oregon", "summary": "The Governor of Oregon is the head of the executive branch of Oregon 's state government and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state 's military forces . The title of governor was also applied to the office of Oregon 's chief executive during the provisional and U.S. territorial governments . The current governor of Oregon is Kate Brown , a Democrat who took office following the resignation of Governor John Kitzhaber amid an ethics scandal . The Governor 's current salary was set by the 2001 Oregon Legislature at $ 93,600 annually ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives", "summary": "The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress , the Senate being the upper house . Together they compose the national legislature of the United States . The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census , with each district entitled to one representative . Since its inception in 1789 , all representatives have been directly elected . The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435 . As of the 2010 Census , the largest delegation is that of California , with fifty-three representatives . Seven states have only one representative : Alaska , Delaware , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation , known as bills , which , after concurrence by the Senate , are sent to the president for consideration . In addition to this basic power , the House has certain exclusive powers , among them the power to initiate all bills related to revenue ; the impeachment of federal officers , who are sent to trial before the Senate ; and , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for president , the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office , with one vote given to each state for that purpose . The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol . The presiding officer is the speaker of the House , who is elected by the members thereof ( and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Senate", "summary": "The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress , which , along with the United States House of Representatives - the lower chamber - constitutes the legislature of the United States . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol Building , in Washington , D.C . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators , each of whom represents a single state in its entirety . Each state , regardless of its population size , is equally represented by two senators who serve staggered terms of six years . There being at present 50 states in the Union , there are currently 100 senators . From 1789 to 1913 , senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; they are now elected by popular vote , following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 . As the upper chamber of Congress , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it . These include the approval of treaties , and the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , other federal executive officials and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for vice president , the duty falls to the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . Furthermore , the Senate has the responsibility of conducting the trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere ." } ] }, { "value": "Margaret Joy Tibbetts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Margaret_Joy_Tibbetts", "summary": "Margaret Joy Tibbetts ( August 26 , 1919 - April 25 , 2010 ) was an American diplomat . A career Foreign Service Officer , she was the United States Ambassador to Norway from 1964 to 1969 under President Lyndon Johnson . She attended Gould Academy , Wheaton College in Massachusetts and her Ph.D. from Bryn Mawr College . She was awarded an honorary degree from Bates College in 1962 and Bowdoin College in 1973 ." } ] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States Ambassador to Norway 1964-1969", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Norway", "summary": "The United States Ambassador to Norway ( formally the Ambassador of the United States to the Kingdom of Norway ) is the official representative of the President and the Government of the United States of America to the King and Government of Norway . Since the United States was recognized as an independent country in 1783 , it first established diplomatic relations with Norway in 1818 when Jonathan Russell was accepted as the Minister Plenipotentiary to Sweden and Norway . From 1814 to 1905 , Sweden and Norway were in a personal union . Although each country was fully sovereign , they had a common foreign policy and diplomatic service . The United States Ambassador to Sweden thus was the US representative to Norway as well as Sweden . In 1905 Sweden and Norway peacefully separated and Norway continued to be an independent constitutional monarchy . On November 14 , 1905 , the US State Department instructed Ambassador Charles H. Graves to handle affairs for Sweden and Norway separately and the Ambassador was thus commissioned to Norway equally with Sweden , though he remained in Stockholm . On June 22 , 1906 , Herbert H. D. Peirce was appointed to be the first ambassador of the US appointed specifically solely for Norway . On August 6 , 1906 , the embassy in Stockholm ceased all functions related to Norway . Peirce presented his credentials to the foreign minister of Norway on August 13 , 1906 . James P. DeHart assumed duties as Chargé dAffaires ad interim on January 12 , 2017 at the Embassy . On October 23 , 2017 President Donald Trump nominated Kenneth Braithwaite to be the next ambassador to Norway ." } ] }, { "value": "Richard Dysart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_Dysart", "summary": "Richard Allen Dysart ( March 30 , 1929 - April 5 , 2015 ) was an American actor . He is best known for his role in the television series L.A. Law ( 1986-1994 ) , for which he received four consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won for the last one in 1992 ." } ] }, { "value": "1948", "urls": [] }, { "value": "American actor , known for his role as Leland McKenzie on the NBC legal drama L.A. Law", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/L.A._Law", "summary": "L.A. Law is an American legal drama television series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features , including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , CCH Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , Steve Buscemi and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett , and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series ." } ] }, { "value": "Robin McKinley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robin_McKinley", "summary": "Jennifer Carolyn Robin McKinley ( born November 16 , 1952 ) is an American author of fantasy and children 's books . Her 1984 novel The Hero and the Crown won the Newbery Medal as the year 's best new American children 's book . As of 2015 [ update ] , McKinley has written or contributed to twenty books . Her most recent novel is Shadows ( 2013 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1970", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Author of Newbery Medal winning novel The Hero and the Crown", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Newbery_Medal", "summary": "The John Newbery Medal , frequently shortened to the Newbery , is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children ( ALSC ) , a division of the American Library Association ( ALA ) , to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children . The Newbery and the Caldecott Medal are considered the two most prestigious awards for children 's literature in the United States . Books selected are widely carried by bookstores and libraries , the authors are interviewed on television , and master 's and doctoral theses are written on them . Named for John Newbery , an 18th-century English publisher of juvenile books , the winner of the Newbery is selected at the ALA 's Midwinter Conference by a fifteen-person committee . The Newbery was proposed by Frederic G. Melcher in 1921 , making it the first children 's book award in the world . :1 The physical bronze medal was designed by Rene Paul Chambellan and is given to the winning author at the next ALA annual conference . Since its founding there have been several changes to the composition of the selection committee , while the physical medal remains the same . Besides the Newbery Medal , the committee awards a variable number of citations to leading contenders , called Newbery Honors or Newbery Honor Books ; until 1971 , these books were called runners-up . As few as zero and as many as eight have been named , but from 1938 the number of Honors or runners-up has been one to five . To be eligible , a book must be written by a United States citizen or resident and must be published first or simultaneously in the United States in English during the preceding year . Six authors have won two Newbery Medals each , several have won both a Medal and Honor , while a larger number of authors have won multiple Honors , with Laura Ingalls Wilder having won five Honors without ever winning the Medal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Hero_and_the_Crown", "summary": "The Hero and the Crown is a fantasy novel written by Robin McKinley and published by Greenwillow Books in 1984 . It is the winner of the 1983 Newbery Medal award . The book is the prequel to The Blue Sword , written in 1982 . This story focuses on Aerin Dragon-Killer , also known as Aerin Firehair , the heroine who is introduced as a legendary character in The Blue Sword . The book narrates Aerin 's evolution from the shy , retiring daughter of the King of Damar to the heroic queen who protects her people from the demonic Northerners ." } ] }, { "value": "Matt Bevin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matt_Bevin", "summary": "Matthew Griswold Bevin ( /ˈbɛvɪn/ ; born January 9 , 1967 ) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 62nd Governor of Kentucky , from 2015 to 2019 . He was the third Republican elected Kentucky governor since World War II , after Ernie Fletcher ( 2003-2007 ) and Louie Nunn ( 1967-1971 ) . Born in Denver , Colorado , and raised in Shelburne , New Hampshire , Bevin earned a bachelor 's degree at Washington and Lee University in 1989 , then served four years of active duty in the U.S. Army , attaining the rank of captain . He became wealthy in the investment business and moved to Louisville , Kentucky , in 1999 . He was president of Bevin Brothers Manufacturing Company , the last remaining American manufacturer of bells . In 2013 , Bevin announced he would challenge Kentucky 's senior U.S . Senator , then-Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell , in the 2014 Republican primary . Although Bevin gained the support of various groups aligned with the Tea Party Movement , McConnell attacked him repeatedly for inconsistencies in his public statements and policy positions and defeated him by almost 25 percentage points . After announcing he would seek the governorship in 2015 , Bevin emerged from a four-way Republican primary , besting his nearest competitor by 83 votes . He then defeated the state 's attorney general , Democratic nominee Jack Conway , in the general election . Bevin 's gubernatorial tenure was notable for the passage of right-to-work legislation , laws limiting abortion access , and a law allowing carrying concealed handguns without permits . He also attempted to reverse Kentucky 's Medicaid expansion and to reduce teacher pensions ." } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Governor of Kentucky", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky", "summary": "The Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky is the head of Kentucky 's executive branch of government . 57 men and one woman have served as Governor of Kentucky . The governor 's term is four years in length ; since 1992 , incumbents have been able to seek re-election once before becoming ineligible for four years . Throughout the state 's history , four men have served two non-consecutive terms as governor , and two others have served two consecutive terms . Kentucky is one of only five U.S. states that hold gubernatorial elections in odd-numbered years . The current governor is Andy Beshear , who was first elected in 2019 . The governor 's powers are enumerated in the state constitution . There have been four constitutions of Kentucky - adopted in 1792 , 1799 , 1850 , and 1891 , respectively - and each has enlarged the governor 's authority . Among the powers appropriated to the governor in the constitution are the ability to grant pardons , veto legislation , and call the legislature into session . The governor serves as commander-in-chief of the state 's military forces and is empowered to enforce all laws of the state . The officeholder is given broad statutory authority to make appointments to the various cabinets and departments of the executive branch , limited somewhat by the adoption of a merit system for state employees in 1960 . Because Kentucky 's governor controls so many appointments to commissions , the office has been historically considered one of the most powerful state executive positions in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Arn Chorn-Pond", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arn_Chorn-Pond", "summary": "Arn Chorn-Pond is a musician , human rights activist , and a survivor of the Khmer Rouge regime . He is an advocate for the healing and transformative power of the arts , and especially music ." } ] }, { "value": "1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Human Rights Activist", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jackie Passo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mogul Skier , FWT Athlete , Xtreme Verbier Champion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Freeride_World_Tour", "summary": "The Freeride World Tour is an annually toured series of events in which the best freeskiers and snowboard freeriders compete for individual event wins , as well as the overall title of World Champion in their respective genders and disciplines . The events take place on what 's commonly referred to as backcountry , big mountain or extreme terrain - essentially ungroomed powder snow on dangerously steep , mountainous slopes . The first event series under the Freeride World Tour moniker took place in 2008 . Prior to that it was known as the Verbier Extreme , originally a snowboard only contest launched in 1996 - with skiers also invited to compete in 2004 . For the 2013 season , the Freeride World Tour merged with the Freeskiing World Tour and The North Face Masters of Snowboarding , combining all three tours under one unified global 5-star championship series ." } ] }, { "value": "Park Bom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Park_Bom", "summary": "Park Bom ( born March 24 , 1984 ) , previously known mononymously as Bom , is a South Korean singer . She is best known as a member of the South Korean girl group 2NE1 . Park began her musical career in 2006 , featuring on singles released by labelmates Big Bang , Lexy , and Masta Wu . In 2009 , she made her debut as a member of 2NE1 as the main vocalist . Park has released two solo singles , You and I and Do n't Cry , which reached number one on the Gaon Digital Chart , the national music chart of South Korea . She was awarded Best Digital Single at the 2010 Mnet Asian Music Awards . Following 2NE1 's disbandment in 2016 , Park left her group 's agency , YG Entertainment , in November 2016 . In July 2018 , she signed with D-Nation Entertainment and released her comeback single , Spring , in March 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Main vocalist of K-pop group 2NE1", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2NE1", "summary": "2NE1 ( Korean : 투애니원 , IPA : [ tʰu.ɛ.ni.wʌn ] ) was a South Korean girl group composed of Bom , CL , Dara , and Minzy , formed by YG Entertainment in 2009 . After appearing alongside boy band Big Bang in the song Lollipop , a promotional single for LG Electronics , the group rose to fame with the release of their two eponymous extended plays , 2NE1 ( 2009 ) and 2NE1 ( 2011 ) , and two studio albums , To Anyone ( 2010 ) and Crush ( 2014 ) . All peaked at the number one position on the Gaon Album Chart . They also scored nine number one hits on the Gaon Digital Chart , with Try to Follow Me , Go Away , Lonely , I Am the Best , Ugly , I Love You , Falling in Love , Missing You , and Come Back Home . The quartet simultaneously conducted a similarly successful career in Japan , releasing first a Japanese version of their second EP , Nolza ( 2011 ) and following up with the studio albums Collection ( 2012 ) and Crush ( 2014 ) . Following a long-term hiatus , Minzy departed the group in April 2016 , while the rest of the group disbanded later that November . Their final single Good Bye was released on January 21 , 2017 . At the peak of their career and prior to their split , 2NE1 was considered one of the most successful and popular girl groups in South Korea . Having sold 66.5 million records , they are one of the best selling girl groups of all time . Billboard magazine ranked 2NE1 as one of the best K-pop girl groups of the past decade while The New York Times named 2NE1 's performance at the Prudential Center in New Jersey as one of the Best Concerts of 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Troy Murphy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Troy_Murphy_(skier)", "summary": "Troy Murphy ( born June 13 , 1992 ) is an American freestyle skier . He came in 17th in the Men 's Moguls competition in the 2018 Winter Olympics . He 's since achieved notoriety on social media for portraying a character named Donny Pelletier , an out-of-control hot dogger with a wicked Maine accent and a penchant for swilling Moxie ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Freestyle Skier , US Ski Team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Ski_Team", "summary": "The U.S . Ski Team , operated under the auspices of the United States Ski and Snowboard Association ( USSA ) , develops and supports men 's and women 's athletes in the sports of alpine skiing , freestyle skiing , cross-country , ski jumping , and Nordic combined . Since 1974 the team and association have been headquartered in Park City , Utah . These athletes represent the best athletes in the country for their respective sports and compete as a team at the national , world and Olympic level ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Headmasters of the School -- Notable alumni", "section_text": "", "uid": "Gould_Academy_1", "intro": "Gould Academy is a private, co-ed, college preparatory boarding and day school founded in 1836 and located in the small town of Bethel, Maine, United States." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb_Airport", "title": "Zagreb Airport", "header": [ "City", "Airport ( s )", "Weekly Departures ( Summer 2018 )", "Airlines" ], "data": [ { "value": "Frankfurt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frankfurt", "summary": "Frankfurt ( officially : Frankfurt am Main ( German : [ ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn ] ( listen ) ; Hessian : Frangford am Maa ; lit . Frank ford on the [ a ] Main ) ) is a metropolis and the largest city of the German federal state of Hesse , and its 746,878 ( 2017 ) inhabitants make it the fifth-largest city in Germany . On the River Main ( a tributary of the Rhine ) , it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring city of Offenbach am Main , and its urban area has a population of 2.3 million . The city is at the centre of the larger Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region , which has a population of 5.5 million and is Germany 's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr Region . Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013 , the geographic centre of the EU is about 40 km ( 25 mi ) to the east of Frankfurt 's central business district . Like France and Franconia , the city is named after the Franks . Frankfurt is the largest city in the Rhine Franconian dialect area ( Franconian dialects ) , Frankfurt was one of the host cities of the official tournaments of the 1974 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Frankfurt was a city state , the Free City of Frankfurt , for nearly five centuries , and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire , as a site of imperial coronations ; it lost its sovereignty upon the collapse of the empire in 1806 and then permanently in 1866 , when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia . It has been part of the federal state of Hesse since 1945 . Frankfurt is culturally , ethnically , and religiously diverse , with half of its population , and a majority of young people , having a migration background . A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals , including many expatriates . Frankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce , culture , education , tourism and transportation ." } ] }, { "value": "Frankfurt Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport", "summary": "Frankfurt am Main Airport ( IATA : FRA , ICAO : EDDF ) ( German : Flughafen Frankfurt am Main [ ˈfluːkhaːfn̩ ˌfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn ] , also known as Rhein-Main-Flughafen ) is a major international airport located in Frankfurt , the fifth-largest city of Germany and one of the world 's leading financial centres . It is operated by Fraport and serves as the main hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa CityLine and Lufthansa Cargo as well as Condor and AeroLogic . The airport covers an area of 2,300 hectares ( 5,683 acres ) of land and features two passenger terminals with a capacity of approximately 65 million passengers per year , four runways and extensive logistics and maintenance facilities . Frankfurt Airport is the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany as well as the 4th busiest in Europe after London Heathrow Airport , Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . The airport is also the 13th busiest worldwide by total number of passengers in 2016 , with 60.786 million passengers using the airport in 2016 . In 2017 Frankfurt Airport handled 64.5 million passengers and in 2018 nearly 70 million . It also had a freight throughput of 2.076 million metric tonnes in 2015 and is the busiest airport in Europe by cargo traffic . As of summer 2017 , Frankfurt Airport serves more than 300 destinations in 5 continents , making it the airport with the most direct routes in the world . The southern side of the airport ground was home to the Rhein-Main Air Base , which was a major air base for the United States from 1947 until 2005 , when the air base was closed and the property was acquired by Fraport . In 2017 , passengers at the airport increased by 6.1% to 64,500,386 compared to 2016 . The airport celebrated its 80th anniversary in July 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "35", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines , Lufthansa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lufthansa", "summary": "Deutsche Lufthansa AG ( German pronunciation : [ ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊfthanzaː ] ) , commonly known as Lufthansa , is the flag carrier and largest German airline which , when combined with its subsidiaries , is the second largest airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried . The name of the company is derived from the German word Luft meaning air and Hansa for the Hanseatic League . Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance , the world 's largest airline alliance , formed in 1997 . Besides its own services , and owning subsidiary passenger airlines Austrian Airlines , Swiss International Air Lines , Brussels Airlines , and Eurowings including Germanwings ( referred to in English by Lufthansa as its Passenger Airline Group ) , Deutsche Lufthansa AG owns several aviation-related companies , such as Lufthansa Technik and LSG Sky Chefs , as part of the Lufthansa Group . In total , the group has over 700 aircraft , making it one of the largest airline fleets in the world . Lufthansa 's registered office and corporate headquarters are in Cologne . The main operations base , called Lufthansa Aviation Center , is at Lufthansa 's primary hub at Frankfurt Airport , and its secondary hub is at Munich Airport where a secondary Flight Operations Centre is maintained ." } ] }, { "value": "Dubrovnik", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dubrovnik", "summary": "Dubrovnik ( Croatian : [ dǔbroːʋniːk ] ( listen ) ; historically Latin : Ragusa ) is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia . It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea , a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County . Its total population is 42,615 ( census 2011 ) . In 1979 , the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage sites . The prosperity of the city was historically based on maritime trade ; as the capital of the maritime Republic of Ragusa , it achieved a high level of development , particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries , as it became notable for its wealth and skilled diplomacy . In 1991 , after the break-up of Yugoslavia , Dubrovnik was besieged by Serbian and Montenegrin soldiers of the Yugoslav People 's Army ( JNA ) for seven months and suffered significant damage from shelling . After repair and restoration works in the 1990s and early 2000s , Dubrovnik re-emerged as one of the top tourist destinations in the Mediterranean ." } ] }, { "value": "Dubrovnik Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dubrovnik_Airport", "summary": "Dubrovnik Airport ( Croatian : Zračna luka Dubrovnik ; IATA : DBV , ICAO : LDDU ) , also referred to as Čilipi Airport ( Croatian pronunciation : [ tʃǐlipi ] ) , is the international airport of Dubrovnik , Croatia . The airport is located approximately 15.5 km ( 9.5 mi ) from Dubrovnik city centre , near Čilipi . It was the third-busiest airport in Croatia in 2019 after Zagreb Airport and Split Airport in terms of passenger throughput . It also has the country 's longest runway , allowing it to accommodate heavy long-haul aircraft . The airport is a major destination for leisure flights during the European summer holiday season ." } ] }, { "value": "34", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Vienna", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vienna", "summary": "Vienna ( /viˈɛnə/ ( listen ) ; German : Wien [ viːn ] ( listen ) ) is the national capital , largest city , and one of nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria 's most populous city , with about 1.9 million inhabitants ( 2.6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of the country 's population ) , and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 6th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German-speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations , OPEC , and the OSCE . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of Czechia , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger . Additionally to being known as the City of Music due to its musical legacy , Vienna is also said to be the City of Dreams , because of it being home to the world 's first psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud ." } ] }, { "value": "Schwechat Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vienna_Airport", "summary": "Vienna International Airport ( German : Flughafen Wien-Schwechat , Slovak : Letisko Viedeň-Schwechat ; IATA : VIE , ICAO : LOWW ) is the international airport of Vienna , the capital of Austria , located in Schwechat , 18 km ( 11 mi ) southeast of central Vienna and 57 kilometres ( 35 mi ) west of Bratislava . It is the country 's largest airport and serves as the hub for Austrian Airlines and Eurowings Europe as well as a base for low-cost carriers easyJet Europe , Lauda , Level and Wizz Air . It is capable of handling wide-body aircraft up to the Airbus A380 . The airport features a dense network of European destinations as well as long-haul flights to Asia , North America and Africa . In 2018 , the airport handled 27 million passengers , a 10.8% increase compared to 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Austrian Airlines , Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Austrian_Airlines", "summary": "Austrian Airlines AG , sometimes shortened to Austrian , is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group . The airline is headquartered on the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat where it also maintains its hub . It flies to six domestic and more than 120 international year-round and seasonal destinations in 55 countries as of July 2016 , and is a member of the Star Alliance . The airline was formed in 1957 by the merger of Air Austria and Austrian Airways but traces its history back to 1923 at the founding of Austrian Airways . During the 2000s , the airline expanded through the acquisitions of Rheintalflug and Lauda Air and adopted the shortened Austrian name in 2003 . Throughout the decade , Austrian sustained several years of losses , and in 2008 , its owner , the Austrian government , was advised to sell the airline to a foreign company . In 2009 , the Lufthansa Group purchased the airline after receiving approval from the European Commission following an investigation into the tendering process . Following disputes with staff over cost cutting , all Austrian Airlines ' flights were transferred on 1 July 2012 to its subsidiary , Tyrolean Airways , which operated under the Austrian name . On 1 April 2015 , all flights transferred back to Austrian , and Tyrolean Airways was merged into its parent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Split", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Split,_Croatia", "summary": "Split ( /ˈsplɪt/ , as the English word split ; Croatian pronunciation : [ splît ] ( listen ) ; see other names ) is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia , with about 250,000 people living in its urban area . It lies on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea and is spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings . An intraregional transport hub and popular tourist destination , the city is linked to the Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula . Home to Diocletian 's Palace , built for the Roman emperor in AD 305 , the city was founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos ( Aσπάλαθος ) in the 3rd or 2nd century BC . It became a prominent settlement around 650 when it succeeded the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia , Salona . After the sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs , the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by Roman refugees . Split became a Byzantine city . Later it drifted into the sphere of the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia , with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty . For much of the High and Late Middle Ages , Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city of the Dalmatian city-states , caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and Croatia ( in union with Hungary ) for control over the Dalmatian cities . Venice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city , a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory . Its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699 , and in 1797 , as Venice fell to Napoleon , the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy . In 1805 , the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and in 1806 it was included in the French Empire , becoming part of the Illyrian Provinces in 1809 ." } ] }, { "value": "Split Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Split_Airport", "summary": "Split Airport ( Croatian : Zračna luka Split ; IATA : SPU , ICAO : LDSP ) , also known as Resnik Airport ( Zračna luka Resnik ) , is the international airport serving the city of Split , Croatia . It is located 19 km ( 12 mi ) from Split , on the west side of Kaštela Bay , in the town of Kaštela , and extending into the adjacent town of Trogir . In 2019 the airport was the second busiest in Croatia after Zagreb Airport handling 3,3 million passengers . It is a major destination for leisure flights during the European summer holiday season and an important focus city for Croatia Airlines that offers flights to European cities such as Frankfurt , London and Paris ." } ] }, { "value": "33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Munich", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Munich", "summary": "Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 ." } ] }, { "value": "Franz Josef Strauss Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Munich_Airport", "summary": "Munich Airport ( German : Flughafen München ) ( IATA : MUC , ICAO : EDDM ) is the international airport of Munich , the capital of Bavaria . It is the second-busiest airport in Germany in terms of passenger traffic after Frankfurt Airport , and the eighth-busiest airport in Europe , handling 47.9 million passengers in 2019 . It is the world 's 15th-busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic , and was the 38th-busiest airport worldwide in 2018 . Munich Airport serves as a hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa Regional and its Star Alliance partners . The airport is located 28.5 km ( 17.7 mi ) northeast of Munich near the city of Freising and is named after former Bavarian minister-president Franz Josef Strauss who was born in Munich . It has two passenger terminals with an additional midfield terminal , two runways as well as extensive cargo and maintenance facilities and is fully equipped to handle wide-body aircraft including the Airbus A380 ." } ] }, { "value": "28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines , Lufthansa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lufthansa", "summary": "Deutsche Lufthansa AG ( German pronunciation : [ ˌdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊfthanzaː ] ) , commonly known as Lufthansa , is the flag carrier and largest German airline which , when combined with its subsidiaries , is the second largest airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried . The name of the company is derived from the German word Luft meaning air and Hansa for the Hanseatic League . Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance , the world 's largest airline alliance , formed in 1997 . Besides its own services , and owning subsidiary passenger airlines Austrian Airlines , Swiss International Air Lines , Brussels Airlines , and Eurowings including Germanwings ( referred to in English by Lufthansa as its Passenger Airline Group ) , Deutsche Lufthansa AG owns several aviation-related companies , such as Lufthansa Technik and LSG Sky Chefs , as part of the Lufthansa Group . In total , the group has over 700 aircraft , making it one of the largest airline fleets in the world . Lufthansa 's registered office and corporate headquarters are in Cologne . The main operations base , called Lufthansa Aviation Center , is at Lufthansa 's primary hub at Frankfurt Airport , and its secondary hub is at Munich Airport where a secondary Flight Operations Centre is maintained ." } ] }, { "value": "Zürich", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zürich", "summary": "Zürich ( German : Zürich ; French : Zurich ; Italian : Zurigo ; Romansh : Turitg ) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich . It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich . The municipality has approximately 430,000 inhabitants , the urban area ( agglomeration ) 1.315 million and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million . Zürich is a hub for railways , roads , and air traffic . Both Zurich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country . Permanently settled for over 2,000 years , Zürich was founded by the Romans , who , in 15 BC , called it Turicum . However , early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years ( although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early ) . During the Middle Ages , Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and , in 1519 , became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli . The official language of Zürich is German , [ a ] but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect , Zürich German . Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city , including the Swiss National Museum , the Kunsthaus and newer Theater 11 in Oerlikon . Schauspielhaus Zürich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world . Zürich is among the world 's largest financial centres despite having a relatively small population ." } ] }, { "value": "Zürich Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zürich_Airport", "summary": "Zurich Airport ( German : Flughafen Zürich , IATA : ZRH , ICAO : LSZH ) is the largest international airport of Switzerland and the principal hub of Swiss International Air Lines . It serves Zürich , Switzerland 's largest city , and , with its surface transport links , much of the rest of the country . The airport is located 13 kilometres ( 8 mi ) north of central Zürich , in the municipalities of Kloten , Rümlang , Oberglatt , Winkel , and Opfikon , all of which are within the canton of Zürich . In 2019 , the airport received the World Travel Award in the category Europe 's leading airport for the 17th time in a row . The Skytrax Award also ranks Zurich Airport among the top 10 airports in the world for millions of travellers each year ." } ] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines , Swiss Air Lines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Swiss_Air_Lines", "summary": "Swiss International Air Lines AG ( stylised as SWISS ) , commonly referred to as Swiss or Swiss Air Lines , is the flag carrier of Switzerland , operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America , South America , Africa and Asia . Zurich Airport serves as the hub , Geneva Airport as a focus city . The airline was formed following the bankruptcy in 2002 of Swissair , Switzerland 's then flag carrier . The new airline was built around what had been Swissair 's regional subsidiary , Crossair . Swiss retains Crossair 's IATA code LX ( Swissair 's code was SR ) . It assumed Swissair 's old ICAO code of SWR ( Crossair 's was CRX ) , to maintain international traffic rights . It is a member of Star Alliance and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group . Its headquarters are at EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg near Basel , Switzerland , and an office at Zurich Airport in Kloten , Switzerland . The company 's registered office is in Basel ." } ] }, { "value": "Brussels", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brussels", "summary": "Brussels ( French : Bruxelles [ bʁysɛl ] ( listen ) or [ bʁyksɛl ] ; Dutch : Brussel [ ˈbrʏsəl ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Brussels-Capital Region ( French : Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ; [ a ] Dutch : Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ) , [ b ] is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities , including the City of Brussels , which is the capital of Belgium . The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community , but is separate from the Flemish Region ( which forms an enclave ) and the Walloon Region . Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita . It covers 162 km2 ( 63 sq mi ) , a relatively small area compared to the two other regions , and has a population of over 1.2 million . The metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people , which makes it the largest in Belgium . It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent , Antwerp , Leuven and Walloon Brabant , home to over 5 million people . Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe . Since the end of the Second World War , it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations , politicians , diplomats and civil servants . Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union , as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions , including its administrative-legislative , executive-political , and legislative branches ( though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg , and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg ) [ c ] . Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions . The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels . As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels , it is classified as an Alpha global city ." } ] }, { "value": "Brussels Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brussels_Airport", "summary": "Brussels Airport ( IATA : BRU , ICAO : EBBR ) ( also called Brussel-Nationaal / Bruxelles-National ( Brussels-National ) or Luchthaven Zaventem ) is an international airport 6.5 NM ( 12.0 km ; 7.5 mi ) northeast of Brussels , the capital of Belgium . In 2019 , more than 26 million passengers arrived or departed at Brussels Airport , making it the 24th busiest airport in Europe . It is located in the municipality of Zaventem in the Province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium . It is home to around 260 companies , together directly employing 20,000 people and serves as the home base for Brussels Airlines and TUI fly Belgium . The company operating the airport is known as The Brussels Airport Company N.V./S.A . ; before 19 October 2006 , the name was BIAC ( Brussels International Airport Company ) , which was created by Belgian law through a merger of BATC with the ground operations departments of the RLW/RVA . Since 2011 , the airport has been owned by the Toronto-based Ontario Teachers ' Pension Plan ( 39% ) , Macquarie Group ( Macquarie European Infrastructure Fund I and Macquarie European Infrastructure Fund III ) ( 36% ) and the Belgian State ( 25% ) . On 22 March 2016 the airport 's departures hall was severely damaged by two terrorist bomb blasts . The airport was closed until 3 April 2016 , when it reopened with temporary facilities at less than 20% of its previous capacity . It has since returned to full operations , with a record of 90,000 passengers on 29 July 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brussels Airlines , Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brussels_Airlines", "summary": "Brussels Airlines ( stylized as brussels airlines ) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Belgium , based and headquartered at Brussels Airport . It operates to over 100 destinations in Europe , North America , Africa and Asia and also offers charter services , maintenance and crew training . It is a member of the Star Alliance as well as the International Air Transport Association . The airline 's IATA code SN is inherited from its predecessors , Sabena and SN Brussels Airlines . Brussels Airlines is part of the Lufthansa Group ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "London", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/London", "summary": "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ." } ] }, { "value": "Heathrow Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heathrow_Airport", "summary": "Heathrow Airport , also known as London Heathrow ( IATA : LHR , ICAO : EGLL ) , is a major international airport in London , United Kingdom . Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic , as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic , and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic . It is one of six international airports serving London region . In 2019 , it handled a record 80.8 million passengers , a 0.9% increase from 2018 as well as 475,861 aircraft movements , a decrease of 1,743 from 2018 . The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings . Heathrow lies 14 miles ( 23 km ) west of Central London , and has two parallel east-west runways along with four operational terminals on a site that covers 12.27 square kilometres ( 4.74 sq mi ) . The airport is the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating base for Virgin Atlantic . In September 2012 , the Government of the United Kingdom established the Airports Commission , an independent commission chaired by Sir Howard Davies to examine various options for increasing capacity at UK airports . In July 2015 , the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow , which the government approved in October 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "British Airways , Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/British_Airways", "summary": "British Airways ( BA ) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom , headquartered at Waterside , Harmondsworth , near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport . It is the second largest airline in the United Kingdom , based on fleet size and passengers carried , behind easyJet . In January 2011 BA merged with Iberia , creating the International Airlines Group ( IAG ) , a holding company registered in Madrid , Spain . IAG is the world 's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index . British Airways is the first passenger airline to have generated more than $ 1 billion on a single air route in a year ( from 1 April 2017 , to 31 March 2018 , on the New York JFK - London Heathrow route ) . BA was created in 1974 after a British Airways Board was established by the British government to manage the two nationalised airline corporations , British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways , and two regional airlines , Cambrian Airways from Cardiff , and Northeast Airlines from Newcastle upon Tyne . On 31 March 1974 , all four companies were merged to form British Airways . However , it is marking 2019 as its centenary based on predecessor companies . After almost 13 years as a state company , BA was privatised in February 1987 as part of a wider privatisation plan by the Conservative government . The carrier expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987 , Dan-Air in 1992 , and British Midland International in 2012 . Its preeminence highlights the reach of the country 's influence as many of its destinations in several regions were historically part of the British Empire ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Paris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paris", "summary": "Paris ( French pronunciation : ​ [ paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of France , with a population of 2,148,271 residents ( official estimate , 1 January 2020 ) in an area of 105 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Since the 17th century , Paris has been one of Europe 's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , fashion , science and the arts . The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210 , or about 18 percent of the population of France . The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ( $ 808 billion ) in 2017 . According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018 , Paris was the second most expensive city in the world , after Singapore , and ahead of Zürich , Hong Kong , Oslo and Geneva . Another source ranked Paris as most expensive , on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong , in 2018 . The city is a major railway , highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily ; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world , but the first located outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015 . Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks : the Louvre was among most visited art museums in the world in 2019 , with 9.6 million visitors . The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet , and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art , the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe , and the Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians . The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site , and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire ." } ] }, { "value": "Charles de Gaulle Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport", "summary": "Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport ( French : Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle , IATA : CDG , ICAO : LFPG ) , also known as Roissy Airport , is the largest international airport in France and second-busiest airport in Europe . Opened in 1974 , it is located in Roissy-en-France , 23 km ( 14 mi ) northeast of Paris . It is named after Charles de Gaulle ( 1890-1970 ) . Charles de Gaulle Airport is located within portions of several communes in Val-d'Oise , Seine-Saint-Denis and Seine-et-Marne . It serves as the principal hub for Air France and a destination for other legacy carriers ( from Star Alliance , Oneworld and SkyTeam ) , as well as a focus city for low-cost carriers easyJet , Vueling , and Norwegian Air Shuttle . The Airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris Aéroport . In 2019 , the airport handled 76,150,007 passengers and 498,175 aircraft movements , thus making it the world 's tenth-busiest airport , and Europe 's second-busiest airport ( after London Heathrow ) in terms of passenger numbers . In terms of cargo traffic , the airport is the twelfth-busiest in the world and the second-busiest in Europe ( after Frankfurt Airport ) , handling 2,150,950 metric tonnes of cargo in 2012 . As of 2017 , the airport offers direct flights to the most countries and hosts the most airlines in the world . Marc Houalla has been the director of the airport since 12 February 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Air France , Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Air_France", "summary": "Air France ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ɛːʁ fʁɑ̃s ] ; formally Société Air France , S.A. ) , stylized as AIRFRANCE , is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France . It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance . As of 2013 Air France serves 36 destinations in France and operates worldwide scheduled passenger and cargo services to 175 destinations in 78 countries ( 93 including overseas departments and territories of France ) and also carried 46,803,000 passengers in 2019 . The airline 's global hub is at Charles de Gaulle Airport with Orly Airport as the primary domestic hub . Air France 's corporate headquarters , previously in Montparnasse , Paris , are located on the grounds of Charles de Gaulle Airport , north of Paris . Air France was formed on 7 October 1933 from a merger of Air Orient , Air Union , Compagnie Générale Aéropostale , Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne ( CIDNA ) , and Société Générale de Transport Aérien ( SGTA ) . During the Cold War , from 1950 until 1990 , it was one of the three main Allied scheduled airlines operating in Germany at West Berlin 's Tempelhof and Tegel airports . In 1990 , it acquired the operations of French domestic carrier Air Inter and international rival UTA - Union de Transports Aériens . It served as France 's primary national flag carrier for seven decades prior to its 2003 merger with KLM . In 2018 , Air France and its regional subsidiary HOP ! carried 51.4 million passengers . Air France operates a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing widebody jets on long-haul routes , and uses Airbus A320 family aircraft on short-haul routes ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Amsterdam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amsterdam", "summary": "Amsterdam ( /ˈæmstərdæm/ , UK also /ˌæmstərˈdæm/ ; Dutch : [ ɑmstərˈdɑm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands with a population of 872,680 within the city proper , 1,380,872 in the urban area and 2,410,960 in the metropolitan area . Found within the province of North Holland , Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the Venice of the North , attributed by the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Amsterdam 's name derives from Amstelredamme , indicative of the city 's origin around a dam in the river Amstel . Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century , Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world in the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century and became the leading centre for finance and trade . In the 19th and 20th centuries , the city expanded , and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were planned and built . The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19-20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List . Sloten , annexed in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam , is the oldest part of the city , dating to the 9th century . As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe , Amsterdam is considered an alpha-world city by the Globalization and World Cities ( GaWC ) study group . The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands . Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there , including Philips , AkzoNobel , TomTom and ING . Also , many of the world 's largest companies are based in Amsterdam or have established their European headquarters in the city , such as leading technology companies Uber , Netflix and Tesla . In 2012 , Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer ." } ] }, { "value": "Schiphol Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Schiphol_Airport", "summary": "Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ( IATA : AMS , ICAO : EHAM ) , known informally as Schiphol Airport ( Dutch : Luchthaven Schiphol , pronounced [ ˌlʏxtɦaːvə ( n ) ˈsxɪp ( ɦ ) ɔl ] ) , is the main international airport of the Netherlands . It is located 9 kilometres ( 5.6 miles ) southwest of Amsterdam , in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in North Holland . It is the third-busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and the busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movement . The airport is built as a single-terminal concept : one large terminal split into three large departure halls . Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines , Martinair , Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands . The airport also serves as a base for EasyJet and LEVEL . Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase . The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely . By 1940 , Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles . The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol . The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war , the airfield was soon rebuilt . In 1949 , it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines , KLM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/KLM", "summary": "KLM Royal Dutch Airlines , legally Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. ( literal translation : Royal Aviation Company , Inc. ) , is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands . KLM is headquartered in Amstelveen , with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . It is part of the Air France-KLM group , and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance . Founded in 1919 , KLM is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name and had 35,488 employees and a fleet of 119 ( excluding subsidiaries ) as of 2015 [ update ] . KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations ." } ] }, { "value": "Doha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Doha", "summary": "Doha ( Arabic : الدوحة , ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa , pronounced [ adˈdawħa ] ) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar . It has a population of 956,460 ( 2015 ) . The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country . It is Qatar 's fastest growing city , with over 80% of the nation 's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs , [ citation needed ] and it is also the economic centre of the country . Doha was founded in the 1820s as an offshoot of Al Bidda . It was officially declared as the country 's capital in 1971 , when Qatar gained independence from being a British Protectorate . As the commercial capital of Qatar and one of the emergent financial centres in the Middle East , Doha is considered a beta-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Doha accommodates Education City , an area devoted to research and education . The city was host to the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations . It was also selected as host city of a number of sporting events , including the 2006 Asian Games , the 2011 Pan Arab Games and most of the games at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup . In December 2011 , the World Petroleum Council held the 20th World Petroleum Conference in Doha . Additionally , the city hosted the 2012 UNFCCC Climate Negotiations and is set to host many of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "Hamad International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hamad_International_Airport", "summary": "Hamad International Airport ( IATA : DOH , ICAO : OTHH ) ( Arabic : مطار حمد الدولي , Maṭār Ḥamad al-Duwalī ) is the sole international airport in the state of Qatar . Located south of its capital , Doha , it replaced the former Doha International Airport as Qatar 's principal airport . Formerly known as New Doha International Airport ( NDIA ) , Hamad International Airport was originally scheduled to open in 2009 , but after a series of costly delays , the airport finally opened on 30 April 2014 with a ceremonial Qatar Airways flight landing from nearby Doha International . National carrier Qatar Airways and all other carriers formally relocated to the new airport on 27 May 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Qatar Airways", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Qatar_Airways", "summary": "Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C . ( Arabic : القطرية , al-Qaṭariya ) , operating as Qatar Airways , is the state-owned flag carrier of Qatar . Headquartered in the Qatar Airways Tower in Doha , the airline operates a hub-and-spoke network , linking over 150 international destinations across Africa , Asia , Europe , The Americas , and Oceania from its base at Hamad International Airport , using a fleet of more than 200 aircraft . Qatar Airways Group employs more than 43,000 people . The carrier has been a member of the Oneworld alliance since October 2013 ( 2013-10 ) , the first Gulf carrier to sign with one of the three airline alliances ." } ] }, { "value": "Istanbul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Istanbul", "summary": "Istanbul ( /ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ , also US : /ˈɪstænbʊl/ ; Turkish : İstanbul [ isˈtanbuɫ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the most populous city in Turkey and the country 's economic , cultural and historic center . Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia , straddling the Bosporus strait ( which separates Europe and Asia ) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea . Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus . With a total population of around 15 million residents in its metropolitan area , Istanbul is one of the world 's most populous cities , ranking as the world 's fifth-largest city proper and the largest European city . The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ( coterminous with Istanbul Province ) . Founded under the name of Byzantion ( Βυζάντιον ) on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE , the city grew in size and influence , becoming one of the most important cities in history . After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE , it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries , during the Roman/Byzantine ( 330-1204 ) , Latin ( 1204-1261 ) , Palaiologos Byzantine ( 1261-1453 ) and Ottoman ( 1453-1922 ) empires . It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times , before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 CE and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate . Under the name Constantinople it was the Ottoman capital until 1923 . The capital was then moved to Ankara and the city was renamed Istanbul . The city held the strategic position between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean . It was also on the historic Silk Road ." } ] }, { "value": "Atatürk Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Istanbul_Atatürk_Airport", "summary": "Istanbul Atatürk Airport ( IATA : ISL , ICAO : LTBA ) ( former IATA code : IST ) ( Turkish : İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı ) is a general aviation , cargo , and state aircraft airport in Istanbul . It closed to commercial passenger flights on April 6 , 2019 when all flights were transferred to Istanbul Airport . As of 6 April 2019 , the airport is open only for cargo , maintenance , general aviation , air taxis , business flights and state and diplomatic aircraft , while commercial passenger flights are all handled at the newly built Istanbul Airport . First opened in 1912 as a military airfield , located on the European side of the city , it is located 24 km ( 15 mi ) west of the city centre . The airport was originally named Yeşilköy Airport . In the 1980s , it was renamed Istanbul Atatürk International Airport in honour of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey . It served more than 60 million passengers in 2015 , making it the 11th-busiest airport in the world in terms of total passenger traffic and the 10th-busiest in the world in terms of international passenger traffic . In 2017 , it was Europe 's 5th-busiest airport after London Heathrow , Paris Charles de Gaulle , Frankfurt Airport and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport , having fallen from third place after a decline in passengers due to security fears . Istanbul Atatürk Airport was replaced in regards to commercial passenger functions by the newly constructed Istanbul Airport , in April 2019 , in order to meet Istanbul 's growing domestic and international air traffic demand as a source , destination and transit point . Both airports were used in parallel for five months from late 2018 , with the new airport gradually expanding to serve more domestic and regional destinations . On 6 April 2019 , Atatürk 's IST IATA airport code was inherited by Istanbul Airport and Atatürk Airport was assigned the code ISL after the full transfer of all scheduled passenger activities to the new airport was completed . The final commercial flight , Turkish Airlines Flight 54 , left Atatürk Airport on 6 April 2019 at 2.44am for Singapore ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Turkish Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Turkish_Airlines", "summary": "Turkish Airlines ( Turkish : Türk Hava Yolları ) is the national flag carrier airline of Turkey . As of August 2019 [ update ] , it operates scheduled services to 315 destinations in Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas , making it the largest mainline carrier in the world by number of passenger destinations . The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world , and flies to 126 countries , more than any other airline . With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft , the airline 's cargo division serves 82 destinations . The airline 's corporate headquarters are at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grounds of Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy , Bakırköy , Istanbul . Istanbul Airport in Arnavutkoy is the airline 's main base , and there are secondary hubs at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport and Ankara Esenboğa International Airport . Turkish Airlines has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "Madrid", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madrid", "summary": "Madrid ( /məˈdrɪd/ , Spanish : [ maˈðɾið ] ) [ n. 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of Spain . The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million . It is the second-largest city in the European Union ( EU ) , surpassed only by Berlin , and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU , smaller only than Paris . The municipality covers 604.3 km2 ( 233.3 sq mi ) . Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid ( which comprises the city of Madrid , its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages ) ; this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha . As the capital city of Spain , seat of government , and residence of the Spanish monarch , Madrid is also the political , economic and cultural centre of the country . The current mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People 's Party . The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics , education , entertainment , environment , media , fashion , science , culture , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world 's major global cities . Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs , Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid . Due to its economic output , high standard of living , and market size , Madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe . It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies , such as Telefónica , IAG or Repsol . Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine , in its 2017 index ." } ] }, { "value": "Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madrid_Barajas_International_Airport", "summary": "Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas [ aeɾoˈpweɾto aˈðolfo ˈswaɾeð maˈðɾið βaˈɾaxas ] ) ( IATA : MAD , ICAO : LEMD ) , commonly known as Madrid-Barajas Airport , is the main international airport serving Madrid in Spain . At 3,050 ha ( 7,500 acres ) in area , it is the second largest airport in Europe by physical size behind Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport . In 2018 , 57.9 million passengers used Madrid-Barajas , making it the country 's largest and busiest airport and Europe 's sixth busiest . The airport opened in 1928 , and has grown to be one of Europe 's most important aviation centres . Located within the city limits of Madrid , it is just 9 km ( 6 mi ) from the city 's financial district and 13 km ( 8 mi ) northeast of the Puerta del Sol or Plaza Mayor de Madrid , Madrid 's historic centre . The airport name derives from the adjacent district of Barajas , which has its own metro station on the same rail line serving the airport . Barajas serves as the gateway to the Iberian peninsula from the rest of Europe and the world , and is a particularly key link between Europe and Latin America . The airport is the primary hub and maintenance base for Iberia and Air Europa . Consequently , Iberia is responsible for more than 40% of Barajas ' traffic . The airport has five passenger terminals named T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T4S ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iberia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iberia_(airline)", "summary": "Iberia ( Spanish pronunciation : [ iˈβeɾja ] ) , legally incorporated as Iberia , Líneas Aéreas de España , S.A. Operadora , Sociedad Unipersonal , is the flag carrier airline of Spain , founded in 1927 . Based in Madrid , it operates an international network of services from its main base of Madrid-Barajas Airport . Iberia , with Iberia Regional ( operated by an independent carrier Air Nostrum ) and with Iberia Express , is a part of International Airlines Group . In addition to transporting passengers and freight , Iberia Group carries out related activities , such as aircraft maintenance , handling in airports , IT systems and in-flight catering . Iberia Group airlines fly to over 109 destinations in 39 countries , and a further 90 destinations through code-sharing agreements with other airlines . On 8 April 2010 , it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia had signed an agreement to merge , making the combined operation the third largest commercial airline in the world by revenue . Shareholders of both carriers approved the deal on 29 November 2010 . The newly merged company , known as International Airlines Group ( IAG ) , was established in January 2011 , although both airlines continue to operate under their current names ." } ] }, { "value": "Warsaw", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warsaw", "summary": "Warsaw ( /ˈwɔːrsɔː/ WOR-saw ; Polish : Warszawa [ varˈʂava ] ( listen ) ; see also other names ) is the capital and largest city of Poland . The metropolis stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at 1.8 million residents . With a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents , Warsaw is the 5th most-populous urban area in the European Union . The city limits cover 517.24 square kilometres ( 199.71 sq mi ) , while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres ( 2,355.39 sq mi ) . Warsaw is an alpha global city , a major international tourist destination , and a significant cultural , political and economic hub . Its historical old town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Once described as the Paris of the North , Warsaw was believed to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world until World War II . Bombed at the start of the German invasion in 1939 , the city withstood a siege for which it was later awarded Poland 's highest military decoration for heroism , the Virtuti Militari . Deportations of the Jewish population to concentration camps led to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and the destruction of the Ghetto after a month of combat . A general Warsaw Uprising between August and October 1944 led to even greater devastation and systematic razing by the Germans in advance of the Vistula-Oder Offensive . Warsaw gained the new title of Phoenix City because of its extensive history and complete reconstruction after World War II , which had left over 85% of its buildings in ruins . Warsaw is one of Europe 's most dynamic metropolitan cities ." } ] }, { "value": "Warsaw Chopin Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warsaw_Chopin_Airport", "summary": "Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport ( Polish : Lotnisko Chopina w Warszawie , Polish pronunciation : [ lɔtˈɲiskɔ ʂɔpɛna v varˈʂavʲɛ ] ) ( IATA : WAW , ICAO : EPWA ) , more commonly referred to as Chopin Airport or Warsaw-Chopin Airport , is an international airport located in the Włochy district of Warsaw , Poland . As Poland 's largest , covering 834 hectares ( 2,060 acres ) of land , and busiest airport , Warsaw Chopin handles just under 40% of the country 's air passenger traffic . Warsaw Chopin handles approximately 300 scheduled flights daily and an ever-rising number of charters . London , Kiev , Frankfurt , Paris , and Amsterdam are the busiest international connections , while Kraków , Wrocław , and Gdańsk are the most popular domestic ones . Warsaw Chopin Airport is , with 18.8 million passengers in 2019 , the busiest airport in the newer EU member states . Formerly known as Warsaw-Okecie Airport ( Port lotniczy Warszawa-Okęcie ) or Okecie International Airport , the airport bore the name of its Okęcie neighborhood throughout its history , until its renaming for Polish composer and former Warsaw resident Frédéric ( Fryderyk ) Chopin in 2001 . Despite the official change , Okecie ( Lotnisko Okęcie ) remains in popular and industry use , including air traffic and aerodrome references . An underground railway station connected from the airport to Warsaw 's suburban rail system was opened in June 2012 in time for the Euro 2012 football championships , and on 25 November 2013 , the airport announced accommodating - for the first time in history - its 10 millionth passenger in a single year . The secondary international airport of the city is the much smaller Warsaw Modlin Airport , which opened in 2012 and is used for low-cost traffic ." } ] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LOT Polish Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines", "summary": "LOT Polish Airlines , legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. ( Polish pronunciation : [ lɔt ] , flight ) , is the flag carrier of Poland . Based in Warsaw and established on 29 December 1928 , it is one of the world 's oldest airlines in operation . With a fleet of 90 aircraft , LOT Polish Airlines flies to 134 destinations across Europe , Asia and North America . Most of the destinations originate from its hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport . LOT is a member of the Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarajevo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sarajevo", "summary": "Sarajevo ; see names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina , with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits . The Sarajevo metropolitan area , including Sarajevo Canton , East Sarajevo and nearby municipalities , is home to 555,210 inhabitants . [ a ] Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia , it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of the Balkans . Sarajevo is the political , financial , social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a prominent center of culture in the Balkans , with region-wide influence in entertainment , media , fashion and the arts . Due to its long history of religious and cultural diversity , Sarajevo is sometimes called the Jerusalem of Europe or Jerusalem of the Balkans . It is one of only a few major European cities to have a mosque , Catholic church , Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood . A regional center in education , the city is home to the Balkans first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic madrasa , today part of the University of Sarajevo . Although settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times , the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century . Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history . In 1885 , Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city , following San Francisco . In 1914 , it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by local Young Bosnia activist Gavrilo Princip that sparked World War I , which also ended Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and resulted in the creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Later , after World War II , the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo , then the constituent republic 's capital , which culminated with the hosting of the 1984 Winter Olympics marking a prosperous era for the city ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarajevo Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sarajevo_Airport", "summary": "Sarajevo International Airport ( Bosnian : Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo/Међународни аеродром Сарајево ) ; ( IATA : SJJ , ICAO : LQSA ) , also known as Butmir Airport , is the main international airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina , serving Sarajevo , capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is located 3.3 NM ( 6.1 km ; 3.8 mi ) southwest of the Sarajevo railway station and some 6.5 NM ( 12.0 km ; 7.5 mi ) west of downtown Sarajevo in the Ilidža municipality , suburb of Butmir . In 2019 , 1,143,680 passengers traveled through the airport , compared to 323,499 in 2001 ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Zadar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zadar", "summary": "Zadar ( US : /ˈzɑːdɑːr/ , Croatian : [ zâdar ] ( listen ) ; see also other names ) is the oldest continuously-inhabited Croatian city . It is situated on the Adriatic Sea , at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region . Zadar serves as the seat of Zadar County and of the wider northern Dalmatian region . The city proper covers 25 km2 ( 9.7 sq mi ) with a population of 75,082 in 2011 [ update ] , making it the second-largest city of the region of Dalmatia and the fifth-largest city in the country . The area of present-day Zadar traces its earliest evidence of human life from the late Stone Age , while numerous settlements date as early as the Neolithic [ citation needed ] . Before the Illyrians , an ancient Mediterranean people of an Indo-European culture inhabited the area . Zadar traces its origin to its 9th-century BC founding as a settlement of the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians known as Iader [ citation needed ] . In 59 BC it was renamed Iadera when it became a Roman municipium . In 48 BC it became a Roman colonia . During Roman rule Zadar acquired the characteristics of a traditional Ancient Roman city with a regular road network , a public square ( forum ) , and an elevated capitolium with a temple . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and the destruction of Salona by the Avars and Croats in 614 , Zadar became the capital of the Byzantine theme of Dalmatia . In the beginning of the 9th century , Zadar came briefly under Frankish rule , but the Pax Nicephori returned it to the Byzantines in 812 ." } ] }, { "value": "Zadar Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zadar_Airport", "summary": "Zadar Airport ( Croatian : Zračna luka Zadar ; IATA : ZAD , ICAO : LDZD ) is an international airport serving Zadar , Croatia . It is located in Zemunik Donji , 8 km ( 5 mi ) from the centre of Zadar ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Pula", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pula", "summary": "Pula ( Croatian pronunciation : [ pǔːla ] ( listen ) ; Italian and Istro-Romanian : Pola , Slovene : Pulj ) is the largest city in Istria County , Croatia and the eighth largest city in the country , situated at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula , with a population of 57,460 in 2011 . It is known for its multitude of ancient Roman buildings , the most famous of which is the Pula Arena , one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters , and its beautiful sea . The city has a long tradition of wine making , fishing , shipbuilding , and tourism . It was the administrative centre of Istria from ancient Roman times until superseded by Pazin in 1991 ." } ] }, { "value": "Pula Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pula_Airport", "summary": "Pula Airport ( Croatian : Zračna luka Pula ; Italian : Aeroporto di Pola ; IATA : PUY , ICAO : LDPL ) is the international airport serving Pula , Croatia , and is located 6 km from the city center . It served 777,568 passengers in 2019 . The airport is designated as the alternative airport for parts of Slovenia and a multitude of cities in eastern Italy . The airport also attracts jet set passengers flying privately or rented aircraft , visiting the Brijuni islands or attending concerts and shows at the Pula Arena and sailing their yachts . Pula airport is currently capable of handling large wide-body aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and Ilyushin Il-96 . It is the only airport in Istria County offering regularly scheduled commercial services ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines ( via Zadar )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Skopje", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skopje", "summary": "Skopje ( /ˈskɒpji , -jeɪ/ , US also /ˈskoʊp-/ ; Macedonian : Скопје [ ˈskɔpjɛ ] ( listen ) , Albanian : Shkup ) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia . It is the country 's political , cultural , economic , and academic centre . The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC ; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre . Originally a Paeonian city , Scupi became the capital of Dardania in the second century BC . On the eve of the 1st century AD , the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp . When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD , Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople . During much of the early medieval period , the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire , whose capital it was between 972 and 992 . From 1282 , the town was part of the Serbian Empire and acted as its capital city from 1346 to 1371 . In 1392 , Skopje was conquered by the Ottoman Turks who called it Üsküb , with this name also being in use in English for a time . The town stayed under Ottoman control for over 500 years , serving as the capital of pashasanjak of Üsküp and later the Vilayet of Kosovo . At that time the city was famous for its oriental architecture . [ citation needed ] In 1912 , it was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars ." } ] }, { "value": "Skopje International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skopje_International_Airport", "summary": "Skopje International Airport ( Macedonian : Меѓународен аеродром Скопје , romanized : Megjunaroden aerodrom Skopje ) , ( Albanian : Aeroporti Ndërkombëtar i Shkupit , IATA : SKP , ICAO : LWSK ) , also known as Skopje Airport ( Macedonian : Аеродром Скопје , romanized : Aerodrom Skopje ) and previously known as Petrovec Airport ( Macedonian : Аеродром Петровец , romanized : Aerodrom Petrovec ) and Skopje Alexander the Great Airport ( Macedonian : Аеродром „ Александар Велики Скопје , romanized : Aerodrom Aleksandar Veliki Skopje ) , is the larger and busier of the two international airports in North Macedonia , with the other being the St. Paul the Apostle Airport in Ohrid which is located 170 km ( 110 mi ) southwest from the national capital Skopje ." } ] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Belgrade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgrade", "summary": "Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/ BEL-grayd ; Serbian : Beograd / Београд , lit . 'White City ' , pronounced [ beǒɡrad ] ( listen ) ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia . It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula . The urban area of Belgrade has a population of 1.23 million , while nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade ( which encompasses almost all of its metropolitan area ) , a quarter of the total population of Serbia . One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe , the Vinča culture , evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC . In antiquity , Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and , after 279 BC , Celts settled the city , naming it Singidūn . It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century . It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s , and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire , the Frankish Empire , the Bulgarian Empire , and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284 . In 1521 , Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo . It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule , which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars . Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841 . Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918 , when it was attached to the city , due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becoming the part of the new Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes after World War I ." } ] }, { "value": "Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgrade_Nikola_Tesla_Airport", "summary": "Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport ( Serbian : Аеродром Никола Тесла Београд , romanized : Aerodrom Nikola Tesla Beograd ) or Belgrade Airport ( Serbian : Аеродром Београд , romanized : Aerodrom Beograd ) ( IATA : BEG , ICAO : LYBE ) is an international airport serving Belgrade , Serbia . It is the largest and busiest airport in Serbia , situated 18 km ( 11 mi ) west of downtown Belgrade near the suburb of Surčin , surrounded by Syrmia 's fertile lowlands . It is operated by French conglomerate Vinci Airports . The flag carrier and largest airline of Serbia , Air Serbia , uses Belgrade Nikola Tesla as their hub . It is also one of the operating bases for low-cost airline Wizz Air . The air taxi services Air Pink , Eagle Express and Prince Aviation also call the airport their home ." } ] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Air Serbia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Air_Serbia", "summary": "Air Serbia ( stylised as AirSERBIA ; Serbian : Ер Србија , romanized : Er Srbija ) is the flag carrier of Serbia . The company 's headquarters is located in Belgrade , Serbia , and its main hub is Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport . In 2016 , it was the fourth-largest legacy carrier in Southeastern Europe . The airline was formerly known as Jat Airways until it was renamed and rebranded in 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Prague", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Prague", "summary": "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ." } ] }, { "value": "Václav Havel Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Václav_Havel_Airport", "summary": "Václav Havel Airport Prague ( Czech : Letiště Václava Havla Praha ) , formerly Prague Ruzyně International Airport ( Czech : Mezinárodní letiště Praha-Ruzyně , Czech pronunciation : [ ˈpraɦa ˈruzɪɲɛ ] ) ( IATA : PRG , ICAO : LKPR ) , is the international airport of Prague , the capital of the Czech Republic . The airport was founded in 1937 , when it replaced the Kbely Airport ( founded in 1918 ) . It was reconstructed and extended in 1956 , 1968 , 1997 , and 2006 . In 2012 , it was renamed after the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first President of Czech Republic Václav Havel . It is located in the edge of Prague-Ruzyně area , next to Kněževes village , 12 km ( 7 mi ) west of the centre of Prague and 12 km ( 7 mi ) southeast of the city Kladno . In 2018 it served around 17 million passengers ( expecting 18 million in 2019 ) . It serves as a hub for Czech Airlines and Smartwings , and is also a base for Ryanair ." } ] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croatia Airlines , Czech Airlines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croatia_Airlines", "summary": "Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia . Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations . Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik , Split , and Zadar . Since November 2004 , the airline has been a member of Star Alliance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Czech_Airlines", "summary": "Czech Airlines j.s.c . ( abbreviation : ČSA , Czech : České Aerolinie , a.s. ) is the flag carrier of the Czech Republic . Its head office is on the grounds of 6th district Prague , Vokovice . The airline 's hub is at Václav Havel Airport Prague . The company operates mainly scheduled flights . When , in 2018 , 97.74% of Czech Airlines was bought by the privately-owned Smartwings , CSA became a part of the Smartwings Group . The airline runs a frequent flyer programme called OK Plus in reference to the airline 's International Air Transport Association designation , as well as the term of approval ; OK also featured prominently in its previous livery , and is the prefix of Czech Republic aircraft registrations . It is a member of the SkyTeam alliance . The remaining 2.26% of CSA is owned by insurance company Česká Pojišťovna . In the summer season , CSA flies to 50 destinations in Asia and Europe . Czech Airlines carried 2.26 million passengers in 2016 , which was a 13% increase compared to 2015 . Czech Airlines Technics is responsible for aircraft maintenance ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Statistics -- Busiest routes", "section_text": "This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( May 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )", "uid": "Zagreb_Airport_2", "intro": "Zagreb Airport (IATA: ZAG, ICAO: LDZA) is the largest and busiest international airport in Croatia. In 2019 it handled 3.45 million passengers and some 13,000 tons of cargo. Named after Franjo Tuđman, the first President of Croatia, the airport is located some 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Zagreb Central Station in Velika Gorica. It is the hub of the Croatian flag carrier Croatia Airlines and a focus city for Trade Air. The main base of the Croatian Air Force is also located at the airport's premises. Moreover, the Croatian Air Traffic Control has its administratration situated on the grounds of the airport. The airport was awarded to the ZAIC consortium (Zagreb Airport International Company) in a 30-year concession under the terms of a contract signed by the Government of Croatia with the aforementioned. The contract includes the financing, designing and construction of a new passenger terminal which was opened in March 2017. For the purpose of managing the airport ZAIC registered a company called MZLZ d.d. (Međunarodna zračna luka Zagreb d.d.) that is now the operator of the Airport." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships", "title": "2002 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships", "header": [ "Rank", "Gymnast", "Total" ], "data": [ { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marius Urzică ( ROU )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marius_Urzică", "summary": "Marius Daniel Urzică ( born September 30 , 1975 , in Topliţa , Romania ) is a Romanian gymnast . Urzică is an Olympic champion , a three-time world champion and a three-time European champion on pommel horse . He competed at three Olympic games , medaling each time on pommel horse ( gold Sydney 2000 , silver Atlanta 1996 and silver Athena 2004 ) and contributed to the team bronze in Athens 2004 . His unique technique and style of performance have won him the recognition as one of the greatest masters on this piece of apparatus ever , together with Miroslav Cerar and Zoltán Magyar . Known as The King of the Pommels in 2001 he achieved the maximum score of 10.00 on this piece of apparatus at the Glasgow Grand Prix . Two elements in artistic gymnastics , one on pommel horse and one on parallel bars are named after him . He was the founder of Romanian Golden Team" } ] }, { "value": "9.787", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Xiao Qin ( CHN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Xiao_Qin", "summary": "Xiao Qin ( simplified Chinese : 肖钦 ; traditional Chinese : 肖欽 ; pinyin : Xiào Qīn ; born January 12 , 1985 in Nanjing , Jiangsu ) is a male Chinese gymnast . He specializes in the horizontal bar and parallel bars , but is best known for his work on the pommel horse for which he has won Olympic , world , national , East Asian Games , and World Cup titles . He joined the Chinese National Team in 1999 and is part of the People 's Liberation Army ." } ] }, { "value": "9.750", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Takehiro Kashima ( JPN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Takehiro_Kashima", "summary": "Takehiro Kashima ( 鹿島 丈博 , Kashima Takehiro , born July 16 , 1980 in Osaka ) is a Japanese gymnast , world champion and Olympic champion ." } ] }, { "value": "9.687", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Teng Haibin ( CHN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Teng_Haibin", "summary": "Teng Haibin ( simplified Chinese : 滕海滨 ; traditional Chinese : 滕海濱 ; pinyin : Téng Hǎibīn ; born January 2 , 1985 in Beijing ) is a male Chinese gymnast . He is a Two Time World Champion as well as an Olympic gold medalist on the pommel horse . He cost his team a medal at the 2004 Olympics with multiple falls on every apparatus ( except his specialty pommel horse ) . He and Xiao Qin are considered personal favorites of Head Coach Huang Yubin . He is married to Olympics all-around bronze medalist , Zhang Nan ." } ] }, { "value": "9.662", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eric Casimir ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eric_Casimir", "summary": "Éric Casimir ( born 20 February 1977 ) is a French gymnast . He competed in five events at the 2000 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "9.650", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nikolai Kryukov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nikolai_Kryukov_(gymnast)", "summary": "Nikolai Vyacheslavovich Kryukov ( Russian : Николай Вячеславович Крюков ; born November 11 , 1978 in Voronezh ) is a Russian artistic gymnast . A three-time Olympian , he was also the World Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Champion at the 1999 World Gymnastics Championships in Tianjin , China ." } ] }, { "value": "9.625", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ioan Suciu ( ROU )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ioan_Silviu_Suciu", "summary": "Ioan Silviu Suciu ( born 24 November 1977 in Sibiu ) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast . His best event was the pommel horse . One of his closest rivals was his team mate and pommel horse Olympic champion Marius Urzică , who was defeated by Suciu in Ljubljana , 2004 , when the latter won the title while Urzică took 8th place . Suciu is an Olympic bronze medalist with the team , a silver world medalist on pommel horse and a six-time European medalist ( pommel horse , vault and team ) . Suciu was one of the key team members of the Romanian gymnastics team for several years contributing to the 2004 Olympic team bronze medal and three continental team medals ( two gold and one silver ) . He also placed fourth all around at the 2004 Olympic Games ." } ] }, { "value": "9.625", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paul Hamm ( USA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paul_Hamm", "summary": "Paul Elbert Hamm ( born September 24 , 1982 in Washburn , Wisconsin ) is a retired American artistic gymnast . He is the 2004 Olympic all-around champion , a three-time Olympic medalist , and the 2003 World all-around champion . Hamm is the most successful American male gymnast in history , and the only male American gymnast to win the all-around title at the Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "9.050", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Men -- Pommel Horse", "section_text": "", "uid": "2002_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships_1", "intro": "The 36th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Debrecen, Hungary, in 2002 at Főnix Hall. The team and all-around events were not contested at the 2002 Worlds. The format was similar to that of the 1992 Worlds, with medals being awarded for the individual WAG and MAG apparatus. There were three rounds of competition: the preliminary round open to everyone; the semi-finals open to the top sixteen qualifiers; and the finals for the top eight gymnasts." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_number-one_singles_of_1998_(France)", "title": "List of number-one singles of 1998 (France)", "header": [ "Pos", "Artist", "Title", "Sales*" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daniel Lavoie , Patrick Fiori & Garou", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daniel_Lavoie", "summary": "Daniel Lavoie ( born Joseph-Hubert-Gérald Lavoie ; March 17 , 1949 ; French pronunciation : ​ [ dan'jɛl la'vwa ] ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter , actor , producer , poet , and radio host , known for his song Ils s'aiment and the role of Frollo in musical Notre-Dame de Paris . He releases albums and performs on stage in Canada and France and tours in Canada and Europe ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Patrick_Fiori", "summary": "Patrick Fiori ( born Patrick Jean-François Chouchayan , 23 September 1969 in Marseille ) is a French singer of Armenian descent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Garou_(singer)", "summary": "Pierre Garand ( born 26 June 1972 ) , known by his stage name Garou ( a diminutive of his last name Garand ) , is a Canadian singer and actor from Sherbrooke , Quebec . He is known for his work in the musical Notre-Dame de Paris ( playing Quasimodo in both the original French and English casts ) and the No . 1 hits Belle , Seul , Sous le vent , and La Rivière de notre enfance . He currently holds the SNEP record for most weeks at No . 1 . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Belle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belle_(Patrick_Fiori,_Daniel_Lavoie_and_Garou_song)", "summary": "Belle is a 1997 song performed by the Francophone singers Patrick Fiori , Daniel Lavoie and Garou , from the musical Notre-Dame de Paris . Released as a single in 1998 , it was a hit in France and Belgium , topping the charts for many months . To date , the song is one of the best-selling singles of all time in these countries ." } ] }, { "value": "2,221,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manau_(group)", "summary": "Manau ( pronounced [ mano ] ) is a French hip hop group formed in 1998 , known for their fusing of traditional Celtic melodies with modern hip hop beats . It was initially composed of Martial Tricoche , Cédric Soubiron , and R.V . ( Hervé ) Lardic until R.V . 's departure and replacement by Gregor Gandon . Although the band is currently based in Paris , all of the members can trace their roots back to Brittany . The group 's name comes from the old Gaelic name for the Isle of Man ." } ] }, { "value": "La Tribu de Dana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/La_Tribu_de_Dana", "summary": "La Tribu de Dana ( pronounced [ la tʁiby də dana ] , literally The Dana 's tribe ) is a 1998 song recorded by the French hip hop band Manau , available on their debut album , Panique celtique , on which it features as second track . Released as first single in July 1998 , it hit a huge success , particularly in France , topping the singles chart for many months and becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time in that country ." } ] }, { "value": "1,415,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Céline Dion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Céline_Dion", "summary": "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ." } ] }, { "value": "My Heart Will Go On", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On", "summary": "My Heart Will Go On is a song recorded by Canadian singer Celine Dion . It serves as the main theme song to James Cameron 's blockbuster film Titanic , which itself based on an account of the transatlantic passenger liner of the same name which sank in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean . The song 's music was composed by James Horner , its lyrics were written by Will Jennings , while the production was handled by Walter Afanasieff , Horner and Simon Franglen . Released as a single from Dion 's fifth English-language studio album , Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , and the film 's soundtrack , the love power ballad became an international hit , reaching number one in over 20 countries , including Australia , Austria , Belgium , Canada , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Ireland , Italy , the Netherlands , Norway , Scotland , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States . My Heart Will Go On is considered to be Dion 's signature song . With worldwide sales estimated at 18 million copies , it is one of the best-selling singles of all time and became the second-best-selling single by a female artist in history . It was also included in the list of Songs of the Century by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts . The music video was directed by Bille Woodruff and released at the end of 1997 . Dion performed the song to honor the 20th anniversary of the film at the 2017 Billboard Music Awards on May 21 , 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "1,197,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lââm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lââm", "summary": "Lââm ( born 1 September 1971 , in Paris ) is a French singer of Tunisian descent . She has sold more than 4,000,000 singles & albums ." } ] }, { "value": "Chanter pour ceux qui sont loin de chez eux", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanter_pour_ceux_qui_sont_loin_de_chez_eux", "summary": "Chanter pour ceux qui sont loin de chez eux ( English : Sing for those who are far from home ) is a 1985 song recorded by French singer-songwriter Michel Berger on his album Différences . It was released as a single one year later . In 1998 , the song was covered by French singer Lââm and was released in September 1998 as her debut single and the lead single from her album Persévérance . The song was in fact released two years before , in 1996 , but passed unnoticed at the time . Lââm promoted the song singing it live in many French TV shows . In Tapis rouge , she cried a lot after her performance . The single became a number-one hit for five weeks in Belgium ( Wallonia ) and peaked at # 2 for ten weeks in France , being unable to dislodge the hit Belle by Garou , Patrick Fiori and Daniel Lavoie . However , it managed to stay on the chart ( top 100 ) for 42 weeks , becoming to date Lââm 's most successful single and the 105th best-selling singles of all time in France . Other notable cover versions include Montserrat Caballé and Johnny Hallyday in 1997 on the album Friends for Life , and Lââm accompanied by 500 Choristes in a live version in 2006 on the album 500 Choristes Vol . 2 ." } ] }, { "value": "963,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nomads", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yakalelo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "846,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hermes House Band", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hermes_House_Band", "summary": "The Hermes House Band is a Dutch pop band , established in 1984 by members of the Rotterdamsch Studenten Corps , a fraternity/sorority in Rotterdam , Netherlands . They have released more than 25 albums and singles ." } ] }, { "value": "I Will Survive", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/I_Will_Survive", "summary": "I Will Survive is a hit song first performed by American singer Gloria Gaynor , released in October 1978 . It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris . A top-selling song after its initial release , it sold 14 million copies worldwide ( within first two years of release alone , not counting the numerous re-recordings and 200+ cover versions released in 20+ different languages world-wide ) and has remained a popular disco anthem , as well as being certified platinum by the RIAA . The song 's lyrics describe the narrator 's discovery of personal strength following an initially devastating breakup . It received heavy airplay in 1979 , reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart on consecutive weeks . The song is also frequently recalled as a symbol of female empowerment . In 2016 , the Library of Congress deemed Gaynor 's original recording to be culturally , historically , or artistically significant and selected it for preservation in the National Recording Registry ." } ] }, { "value": "812,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brandy & Monica", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brandy_(entertainer)", "summary": "Brandy Rayana Norwood ( born February 11 , 1979 ) , known professionally by her mononym Brandy , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . Born into a musical family in McComb , Mississippi and raised in Carson , California , she began her career as a child and performed as a backing vocalist for teen groups . In 1993 , Norwood signed with Atlantic Records . The following year , she released her self-titled debut album , which was certified quadruple Platinum in the US , selling six million copies worldwide . Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom Moesha as the title character , which lasted six seasons and resulted in numerous other roles . She resumed her music career in 1998 with the wildly successful duet with fellow R & B contemporary Monica , The Boy Is Mine , which went on to become the best selling female duet of all time , and one of the longest running number one singles in history . Her second album , Never Say Never , sold 16 million copies worldwide , featured two number one singles , and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award . This launched her into international stardom , with films , endorsements , sold out concert tours , and her own line of Barbie dolls . Throughout the 2000s , Norwood held a precarious position in the pop industry . In 2002 , she starred in the reality series Brandy : Special Delivery , documenting the birth of her daughter . Her third and fourth albums , Full Moon ( 2002 ) and Afrodisiac ( 2004 ) , were released to critical and commercial success . She served as a judge on the first season of America 's Got Talent before being involved in a widely publicized car accident in 2006 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Monica_(singer)", "summary": "Monica Denise Arnold ( formerly Brown ; born October 24 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and businesswoman . Born and raised in College Park , Georgia , she began performing as a child and became part of a traveling gospel choir at the age of ten . Monica rose to prominence after she signed with Rowdy Records in 1993 and released her debut album Miss Thang two years later . She followed it with a series of successful albums , including the global bestseller The Boy Is Mine ( 1998 ) as well as the number-one albums After the Storm ( 2003 ) , The Makings of Me ( 2006 ) and Still Standing ( 2010 ) . Throughout her career , several of Monica 's singles became number-one hits on the pop and R & B record charts , including Before You Walk Out of My Life , Do n't Take It Personal ( Just One of Dem Days ) , Like This and Like That , The Boy Is Mine , The First Night , Angel of Mine , So Gone , and Everything to Me . Monicas 's popularity was further enhanced by her roles in television series such as Living Single , Felicity , and American Dreams , and films including Boys and Girls ( 2000 ) , Love Song ( 2000 ) , and Pastor Brown ( 2009 ) . A contributor to the NBC talent show The Voice , in 2008 , she appeared in the Peachtree TV reality show special Monica : The Single which tracked the recording of the song Still Standing along with her personal life and resulted in her own highly rated BET series Monica : Still Standing , containing a similar concept . Separated from rapper Rodney Rocko Hill , father of her first two children , Monica married professional basketball player Shannon Brown in November 2010 . Their first child together , a daughter , was born in 2013 . Monica has sold 5.3 million albums in the United States and over 30 million records sold worldwide . She is recognized as one of the most successful urban R & B female vocalists to emerge in the mid to late 1990s . According to Billboard , she is the youngest recording act to ever have two consecutive chart-topping hits on the Billboard Top R & B Singles chart , as well as the first artist to top the US Billboard Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs chart over the span of three consecutive decades ( 1990s , 2000s , and 2010s ) ." } ] }, { "value": "The Boy Is Mine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Boy_Is_Mine_(song)", "summary": "The Boy Is Mine is a 1998 duet by American singers Brandy and Monica written and composed by LaShawn Daniels , Japhe Tejeda , Fred Jerkins III , Rodney Darkchild Jerkins , and Brandy with coproduction by Darkchild and Dallas Austin . It was released as the lead single from both singers ' second albums from 1998 , Never Say Never by Brandy and The Boy Is Mine by Monica . Inspired by Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney 's 1982 duet The Girl Is Mine , the lyrics of the mid-tempo R & B track revolve around two women fighting over a man . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics and was the first number-one pop hit for both artists , in the US and internationally . Exploiting the media 's presumption of a rivalry between the two young singers , The Boy Is Mine became the best-selling song of the year in the US , selling 2.6 million copies , and spent 13 weeks at the top of the US Billboard Hot 100 during the summer of 1998 . It became the second song in the history of the chart to ascend directly to number-one from a previous position beneath the Top 20 , at number 23 , following The Beatles and the 27-1 leap of their single Ca n't Buy Me Love in April 1964 . Internationally , the single also achieved a strong charting , peaking at number one in Canada , the Netherlands and New Zealand , while reaching the top five on most of the other charts on which it appeared . The Boy Is Mine was awarded the Grammy Award for Best R & B Performance by a Duo or Group and received nominations for both Record of the Year and Best R & B Song in 1999 . At the Billboard Music Awards , the song won in three categories , including Hot 100 Sales Single of Year . In 2008 , Billboard listed it 54th on its 50th Anniversary All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs chart , and 18th on the All-Time Top R & B/Hip-Hop Songs countdown . The music video for the single , directed by Joseph Kahn , starred the singers and Mekhi Phifer . It was nominated for two MTV Video Music Awards , including Video of the Year and Best R & B Video ." } ] }, { "value": "662,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ménélik & Imane D", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bye bye", "urls": [] }, { "value": "613,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ricky Martin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricky_Martin", "summary": "Enrique Martín Morales ( Spanish pronunciation : [ enˈɾike maɾˈtin moˈɾales ] ; born December 24 , 1971 ) , better known as Ricky Martin , is a Puerto Rican singer , actor and author who is widely regarded as the King of Latin Pop . He holds dual American and Spanish citizenship , and began his career at age 12 with the all-boy pop group Menudo . After five years with the group , he released several Spanish-language solo albums throughout the 1990s . Since the beginning of his solo career in 1991 , Ricky Martin has sold over 70 million records making him one of the best-selling Latin music artists of all time . He also acted on stage and on TV in Mexico , where he achieved modest stardom . In 1994 , he appeared on the US TV soap opera General Hospital , playing a Puerto Rican singer . He also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all time . In early 1999 , after releasing several albums in Spanish , Martin performed The Cup of Life at the 41st Annual Grammy Awards show , which became a catalyst in bringing Latin pop to the forefront of the U.S. music scene . Following its success , Martin released Livin ' la Vida Loca , which helped him attain success worldwide . It is generally seen as the song that began the Latin pop explosion of 1999 and made the transition easier for other Spanish-speaking artists to move into the English-speaking market . His first English-language album ( also titled Ricky Martin ) , sold 15 million copies and is his best selling album to date . His other studio albums include : Me Amaras ( 1993 ) , A Medio Vivir ( 1995 ) , Vuelve ( 1998 ) , Sound Loaded ( 2000 ) , Almas del Silencio ( 2003 ) , Life ( 2005 ) , Música + Alma + Sexo ( 2011 ) , A Quien Quiera Escuchar ( 2015 ) , and Movimiento ( 2020 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "La Copa De La Vida", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Cup_of_Life", "summary": "The Cup of Life ( Spanish : La Copa de la Vida ) is a song recorded by Ricky Martin . It was released on March 9 , 1998 , as the second single from Vuelve ( 1998 ) . The song was written by Ian Blake and Desmond Child , with lyrics by Luis Gómez-Escolar . The Cup of Life became the official song of the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France and topped the charts in many countries around the world . It is ranked as the best World Cup anthem of all time . The 41st Annual Grammy Awards are widely remembered for Martin 's performance of La Copa de la Vida , which was later included on his DVD , The Ricky Martin Video Collection . The popular version of the song is a remix by Pablo Flores ." } ] }, { "value": "563,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Des'ree", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Des'ree", "summary": "Desirée Annette Desree Weekes ( born 30 November 1968 ) , known by her stage name Des'ree ( /ˈdɛz ( ə ) reɪ/ ) , is an English pop recording artist who rose to popularity during the 1990s . She is best known for her hits Feel So High ( for which three different music videos were recorded ) , You Got ta Be , Life , and Kissing You ( from the soundtrack of the film Romeo + Juliet ) . At the 1999 Brit Awards she received the Brit Award for Best British female solo artist ." } ] }, { "value": "Life", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Life_(Des'ree_song)", "summary": "Life is a popular song recorded by the British pop and soul singer Des'ree . It was the third single from her third album , Supernatural , and was released on 8 June 1998 . This song remains Des'ree 's biggest hit , peaking at number one in Austria , Hungary , Italy and the Netherlands , as well as on the UK R & B Chart . Life is also the theme song for the Japanese drama To Heart ." } ] }, { "value": "555,000", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Top Ten Best Sales -- Singles", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_number-one_hits_of_1998_(France)_0", "intro": "This is a list of the French SNEP Top 100 Singles & Top 75 Albums number-ones of 1998." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_clubs_in_the_German_football_championship", "title": "List of clubs in the German football championship", "header": [ "Club", "Qualified", "Champions", "Runners-up", "Seasons" ], "data": [ { "value": "1 . FC Kaiserslautern", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1._FC_Kaiserslautern", "summary": "1 . Fußball-Club Kaiserslautern e. V. , also known as 1 . FCK , FCK or 1 . FC Kaiserslautern ( German pronunciation : [ ʔɛf t͡seː kaɪ̯zɐsˈlaʊ̯tɐn ] ) , is a sports club based in Kaiserslautern , Rhineland-Palatinate . In addition to football , the club also operates in several other sports . On 2 June 1900 , Germania 1896 and FG Kaiserslautern merged to create FC 1900 . In 1909 , the club went on to join FC Palatia ( founded in 1901 ) and FC Bavaria ( founded in 1902 ) to form FV 1900 Kaiserslautern . In 1929 , they merged with SV Phönix to become FV Phönix-Kaiserslautern before finally taking on their current name in 1933 . As a founding member of the Bundesliga , FCK played from 1963 to 1996 uninterrupted in the top division . It has won four German championships , two DFB-Pokals , and one DFL-Supercup , and historically is among the most successful football clubs in Germany , currently occupying tenth place in the All-time Bundesliga table . The club 's international performances include reaching the Champions League quarter-finals in 1999 as well as two participations in the UEFA Cup semi-finals . Kaiserslautern won the German championship in the 1997-98 season as a newly promoted team , which is unique in German football ." } ] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1942 , 1948 , 1949 , 1950 , 1951 , 1953 , 1954 , 1955 , 1956 , 1957 , 1958 , 1963", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1942_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1942 German football championship , the 35th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's sixth championship , won by defeating First Vienna FC in the final . It marked the third and last occasion of a club from Vienna ( German : Wien ) in the final , Rapid Wien having won the competition in the previous season while Admira Wien had made a losing appearance in the 1939 final . It was the last time that Schalke was awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 as the trophy disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War . Schalke 's Fritz Szepan was the 1942 championships top scorer with eight goals . The 1942 championship marked the last highlight of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . By appearing in the 1942 final Schalke also equaled Hertha BSC 's record of six consecutive final appearances which the latter had set from 1926 to 1931 . Schalke would however not win another German championship until 1958 . The twenty-five 1941-42 Gauliga champions , five more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the German championship was played with twenty nine clubs . From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1948_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1948 German football championship , the 38th edition of the competition , was the culmination of the 1947-48 football season in Allied-occupied Germany . 1 . FC Nürnberg were crowned champions for the seventh time after one-leg knock-out tournament . It was the first time the championship had been played since 1944 . It was Nürnberg 's tenth appearance in the final . For the losing finalists 1 . FC Kaiserslautern , it was the first appearance in the final since the establishment of a national championship in 1903 . Eight teams were to take part in the final stage which was played in a one-leg knock-out tournament , the vice-champions and champions of the British , American and French occupation zones , the champion of the Soviet occupation zone and the Berlin champion . In the end , SG Planitz were not allowed to travel to Stuttgart to play their quarter final against eventual champions Nürnberg . The 1948 championship is unique as it is the only one of the German championships where no trophy was awarded . The pre-Second World War trophy , the Viktoria had disappeared during the final stages of the war and would not resurface until after the German reunification , while the new trophy , the Meisterschale , would only be ready for the following season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1949_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1949 German football championship , the 39th edition of the competition , was the culmination of the 1948-49 football season in Germany . VfR Mannheim were crowned champions for the first time after a one-leg knock-out tournament . It was both sides ' first appearance in the final . The tournament was expanded so that ten teams were to take part in the final stage which was played as a one-leg knock-out tournament , with the matches played on neutral ground . The five regional Oberliga winners , along with VfR Mannheim and Wormatia Worms , automatically qualified for the quarter finals , while the remaining three teams played qualifying rounds to clinch the eighth place . The 1949 championship was the first to see a new trophy for the champions awarded . The pre-Second World War trophy , the Viktoria , had disappeared during the final stages of the war and would not resurface until after the German reunification . The new trophy , the Meisterschale , was not ready for the 1948 season but was finished in time to be awarded to the 1949 champions ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1950_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1950 German football championship , the 40th edition of the competition , was the culmination of the 1949-50 football season in Germany . VfB Stuttgart won their first championship in a one-leg knock-out tournament . It was the third championship after the end of World War II . VfB Stuttgart appeared in their second final , having lost to Schalke 04 in 1935 . Losing finalists Kickers Offenbach appeared in a championship final for the first time . For the first time 16 teams competed for the title , including the runners-up of the Berlin championship . However , East German side Union Oberschöneweide did not receive a travel permit , like SG Planitz two years earlier . Their players nevertheless traveled to Kiel to play Hamburger SV and eventually founded SC Union 06 Berlin . Originally , the first three teams from the DDR-Oberliga had been slated to appear in the championship , but the two football associations eventually could not agree on a mode of play and their places were given to West German Oberliga sides ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1951_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1951 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the West Germany in 1950-51 . 1 . FC Kaiserslautern were crowned champions for the first time after a group stage and a final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1953_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1953 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the West Germany in 1952-53 . 1 . FC Kaiserslautern were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the championship in 1951 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1954_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1954 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1953-54 . Hannover 96 were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final . It was Hannover 's second appearance in the German final , having previously won the championship in 1938 , beating Schalke 04 4-3 after extra-time . Kaiserslautern were making their fourth appearance , and was the third time they had reached the final in four years , following their championship wins in 1951 and 1953 . The format used to determine the German champion was different from the 1953 season . Only six teams qualified for the championship , instead of eight . These six teams were split into two groups of three , and only played a single round of matches with games on neutral grounds ; previously it had been home-and-away games . The reason for this format change and the reduction in the number of games was Germanys qualifying for the 1954 FIFA World Cup , held shortly after the championship final . As in the past seasons , the two group winners then played the national final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1955_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1955 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in West Germany in 1954-55 . Rot-Weiss Essen were crowned champions for the first time after a group stage and a final . It was Rot-Weiss Essen 's first ( and only ) appearance in the German final , while Kaiserslautern were making their fifth appearance . It was also the fourth time Kaiserlautern had reached the final in five years , following their championship wins in 1951 and 1953 , and their defeat in 1954 . The format used to determine the German champions was different from that which was used in the 1954 season . Nine teams qualified for the tournament , with those who qualified as a runner-up having to play qualifying matches . The remaining eight teams were split into two groups of four , and played two rounds of matches with games played home and away . The two group winners then played the national final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1956_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1956 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in West Germany in 1955-56 . Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the first time in their second final appearance , having previously lost the 1949 German football championship final to VfR Mannheim . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1956-57 European Cup , where it went out to Manchester United 3-2 on aggregate in the quarter-finals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1957_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1957 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1956-57 . Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final . Borussia became the first club since Dresdner SC in 1944 to defend their title won the previous year . It was Borussia 's third appearance in the German final , having lost 3-2 to VfR Mannheim in 1949 and won the championship in 1956 , beating Karlsruher SC 4-2 . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1957-58 European Cup , where it went out to AC Milan in the quarter finals . For the losing finalist , Hamburger SV , it was its first appearance in the final since winning the title in 1928 . The format used to determine the German champion was different from the 1956 season . Only two clubs took part in the qualifying round , instead of four . The group stage , eight teams split into two groups of four , was conducted as a single round with games on neutral grounds ; previously it had been home-and-away games . As in the past seasons , the two group winners then played the national final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1958_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1958 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957-58 . Schalke 04 were crowned champions for a seventh time after a group stage and a final . It was the club 's first title since 1942 and also its last , as of present . It was won in impressive fashion , Schalke winning all its four finals games , scoring 19 goals and conceding only one ; a reminder of how the club dominated German football in the 1930s and early 1940s . On the strength of this title , Schalke participated in the 1958-59 European Cup , where it was knocked out in the quarter finals by Atlético Madrid . For Hamburg , it was the second lost final in a row , having lost 4-1 in 1957 to Borussia Dortmund and having to wait another two seasons for its first title since 1928 . The format used to determine the German champion was the same as in the 1957 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of West and Southwest having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a single round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1963_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1963 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1962-63 . Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the third time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the championship in 1956 and 1957 . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1963-64 European Cup , where Borussia lost to F.C . Internazionale Milano in the semi-finals . Runners-up 1 . FC Köln made its third appearance in the national title game , having won the previous years championship and lost in 1960 . The format used to determine the German champion was similar to the one used in the 1962 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of South and North having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final . In the previous year , a single round had been played in the group stages because of the 1962 FIFA World Cup , where Germany participated in , to reduce the schedule . The 1963 edition marked the last year , where the German championship was decided in a final . From 1963 onwards , the championship would go to the new Bundesliga champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Karlsruher FV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karlsruher_FV", "summary": "Karlsruher FV is a German association football club that plays in Karlsruhe , Baden-Württemberg . Established on 17 November 1891 , KFV was a founding member of the German Football Association ( Deutscher Fussball-Bund ) in 1900 and is the oldest still existing football club in Southern Germany . The club was one of the leading German football clubs before the First World War . The team went on to capture the national championship in 1910 with a 1-0 victory over Holstein Kiel but lost the final in 1905 and 1912 . The KFV claimed the Southern German football championship from 1901 to 1905 and from 1910 to 1912 . After a financial collapse and a resulting disqualification from league operations in 2004 , the club continued its activities in 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1903 , 1904 , 1905 , 1910 , 1911 , 1912", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1903_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1903 German football championship was the first tournament sanctioned by the German Football Association ( DFB ) to crown a national champion . At the time , the newly founded DFB only had about 150 member clubs in 30 mostly local associations . Every champion of these associations was eligible for play in the championship . Additionally , associations from outside Germany were allowed to take part , such as the Prague association that sent her champion to Germany . Although thirty teams would have been eligible , only six eventually entered the competition . VfB Leipzig became the first club to be awarded the Viktoria , the trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy later disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1904_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1904 German football championship was the second competition to determine the national champion of Germany . The competition was not fully played , however , as the German Football Association ( DFB ) aborted it due to a protest by Karlsruher FV . Karlsruhe had protested the fact that matches had not been played on neutral ground as was stipulated by the rules . The DFB had already ignored this rule for financial reasons in the previous year , but this time Karlsruhe argued that some of their players could not travel to the match in Berlin and this had caused Karlsruhe 's defeat . As a result , the championship was annulled . As in the previous season , all champions of local and regional associations were allowed to enter the competition , but clubs from outside Germany were excluded . Eight clubs eventually entered the competition , two more than in the year before ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1905_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1905 German football championship was the third time clubs in Germany competed for the national title under the auspices of the German Football Association ( DFB ) . There were eleven entries into the competition , marking a new record . For the first time , the holders were given an automatic spot in the competition , taken by VfB Leipzig who had won the 1903 German football championship and had reached the final in the year before , when the competition was annulled . The large number of participants and the differences in strength persuaded the DFB to hold preliminary rounds before the quarterfinals . However , the dire financial situation of Schlesien Breslau and VfB Leipzig led to those two teams not travelling to their matches . New matches were scheduled , making for a confusing schedule and semifinals with only three teams . Both finalists appeared for the first time with Union 92 Berlin winning their only national title ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1910_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1910 German football championship , the eighth edition of the competition and organised by the German Football Association , was won by Karlsruher FV , defeating Holstein Kiel 1-0 in the final . For Karlsruher FV it marked the club 's sole German championship , having previously lost the 1905 final . The club would go on to play Holstein Kiel again in the 1912 final where the roles would be reversed and Kiel would win 1-0 . Kiel , in turn , only made one other final appearance apart from 1910 and 1912 , losing the 1930 final to Hertha BSC . Kiel 's Willi Zincke was the top scorer of the 1910 championship with five goals . Nine teams participated , as holders Phönix Karlsruhe took part in addition to the winners of eight regional football championships . Berlin also sent two teams to the final , the champion of the Verband Berliner Ballspielvereine and the champions of the March football championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1911_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1911 German football championship , the 9th edition of the competition , was won by Viktoria 89 Berlin , defeating VfB Leipzig 3-1 in the final . For Viktoria it was the second national championship , having previously won the 1908 edition . Together with two losing finals in 1907 and 1909 it marked the end of the club 's most successful era and also equaled VfB Leipzigs record of two championships won . Leipzig , champions in 1903 and 1906 would twice more appear in the final , winning in 1913 and losing in 1914 . Viktoria 's Willy Worpitzky was the top scorer of the 1911 championship with four goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the eight regional football championships . It was the last season where two rival football associations from Berlin send their champions to the German championship , with the two merging at the end of the season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1912_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1912 German football championship , the 10th edition of the competition , was won by Holstein Kiel , defeating Karlsruher FV 1-0 in the final . It was Kiel 's sole German championship win , previously having made a losing appearance in the 1910 final . Holstein Kiel made one more final appearance , in 1930 , where it lost to Hertha BSC . For Karlsruher FV it was the last final appearance for the club , having previously defeated Kiel in the 1910 final and lost the 1905 one to Union 92 Berlin . Karlsruhe 's Fritz Förderer was the top scorer of the 1912 championship with six goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships as well as the defending German champions ." } ] }, { "value": "Phönix Karlsruhe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phönix_Karlsruhe", "summary": "Karlsruher SC is a German association football club , based in Karlsruhe , Baden-Württemberg . KSC rose out of the consolidation of a number of predecessor clubs . They have played in the Bundesliga , but were relegated to the 2 . Bundesliga in 1998 and in 2009 . In 2012 , they were relegated to the 3 . Liga through play-offs , and in 2013 , they were promoted back to the 2 . Bundesliga and went back down again in 2017 . In May 2019 , they were promoted back to the 2 . Bundesliga ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1909 , 1910", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1909_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1909 German football championship , the seventh edition of the competition , was won by Phönix Karlsruhe , defeating Viktoria 89 Berlin 4-2 in the final . For Phönix Karlsruhe it was the club 's only appearance in the German championship final . Phönix would later merge with VfB Mühlburg to form Karlsruher SC , with the latter making a losing appearance in the 1956 final . Viktoria 89 Berlin , the defending champions , played its third consecutive final in 1909 , having lost in 1907 and won it in 1908 . Viktoria would go on to make one more final appearance , winning the competition for a second time in 1911 . Viktoria 's Willy Worpitzky was the top scorer of the 1909 championship with seven goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the eight regional football championships , Berlin sending the champions of two rival competitions to the finals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1910_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1910 German football championship , the eighth edition of the competition and organised by the German Football Association , was won by Karlsruher FV , defeating Holstein Kiel 1-0 in the final . For Karlsruher FV it marked the club 's sole German championship , having previously lost the 1905 final . The club would go on to play Holstein Kiel again in the 1912 final where the roles would be reversed and Kiel would win 1-0 . Kiel , in turn , only made one other final appearance apart from 1910 and 1912 , losing the 1930 final to Hertha BSC . Kiel 's Willi Zincke was the top scorer of the 1910 championship with five goals . Nine teams participated , as holders Phönix Karlsruhe took part in addition to the winners of eight regional football championships . Berlin also sent two teams to the final , the champion of the Verband Berliner Ballspielvereine and the champions of the March football championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Karlsruher SC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karlsruher_SC", "summary": "Karlsruher SC is a German association football club , based in Karlsruhe , Baden-Württemberg . KSC rose out of the consolidation of a number of predecessor clubs . They have played in the Bundesliga , but were relegated to the 2 . Bundesliga in 1998 and in 2009 . In 2012 , they were relegated to the 3 . Liga through play-offs , and in 2013 , they were promoted back to the 2 . Bundesliga and went back down again in 2017 . In May 2019 , they were promoted back to the 2 . Bundesliga ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1956 , 1958 , 1960", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1956_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1956 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in West Germany in 1955-56 . Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the first time in their second final appearance , having previously lost the 1949 German football championship final to VfR Mannheim . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1956-57 European Cup , where it went out to Manchester United 3-2 on aggregate in the quarter-finals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1958_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1958 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957-58 . Schalke 04 were crowned champions for a seventh time after a group stage and a final . It was the club 's first title since 1942 and also its last , as of present . It was won in impressive fashion , Schalke winning all its four finals games , scoring 19 goals and conceding only one ; a reminder of how the club dominated German football in the 1930s and early 1940s . On the strength of this title , Schalke participated in the 1958-59 European Cup , where it was knocked out in the quarter finals by Atlético Madrid . For Hamburg , it was the second lost final in a row , having lost 4-1 in 1957 to Borussia Dortmund and having to wait another two seasons for its first title since 1928 . The format used to determine the German champion was the same as in the 1957 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of West and Southwest having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a single round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1960_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1960 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1959-60 . Hamburger SV were crowned champions for the third time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the title in 1923 and 1928 . It was the club 's third appearance in the final in four years , having lost the 1957 and 1958 final . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1960-61 European Cup , where HSV lost to FC Barcelona in the semi-finals . Hamburg 's Uwe Seeler was the 1960 championships top scorer with 13 goals , the highest total for any top scorer in the competition after the Second World War . Runners-up 1 . FC Köln made its first appearance in the national title game . The 1960 German championship saw an attendance record for the Oberliga era with 87,739 seeing Tasmania 1900 Berlin hosting 1 . FC Köln . The format used to determine the German champion was the same as the one used in the 1959 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of West and South having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final ." } ] }, { "value": "FV Kassel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FV_Kassel", "summary": "KSV Hessen Kassel is a German association football club based in Kassel , Hesse . The club was founded as FC Union 93 Kassel in 1893 and just two years later joined FC Hassia 93 Cassel to form Casseler FV 95 . In 1919 , fusion with VfK Kassel created SV Kurhessen Kassel ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1904_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1904 German football championship was the second competition to determine the national champion of Germany . The competition was not fully played , however , as the German Football Association ( DFB ) aborted it due to a protest by Karlsruher FV . Karlsruhe had protested the fact that matches had not been played on neutral ground as was stipulated by the rules . The DFB had already ignored this rule for financial reasons in the previous year , but this time Karlsruhe argued that some of their players could not travel to the match in Berlin and this had caused Karlsruhe 's defeat . As a result , the championship was annulled . As in the previous season , all champions of local and regional associations were allowed to enter the competition , but clubs from outside Germany were excluded . Eight clubs eventually entered the competition , two more than in the year before ." } ] }, { "value": "CSC Kassel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1939 , 1940", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1939_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1939 German football championship , the 32nd edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's fourth German championship , by defeating Admira Wien 9-0 in the final , with Ernst Kalwitzki scoring five goals . For Admira it was the club 's only appearance in the German championship while the 9-0 result was the highest winning margin for any of the finals held between 1903 and 1963 , surpassing VfB Leipzig 's 7-2 victory over DFC Prag in the inaugural 1903 final . For Schalke , it continued the club 's most successful era , having won the 1934 , 1935 and 1937 final and going on to win the 1940 and 1942 ones as well . Schalke 's Ernst Kalwitzki was the 1939 championships top scorer with eleven goals , having previously finished as the top scorer in 1937 . The eighteen 1938-39 Gauliga champions , two more than in 1938 because of the addition of the Gauliga Ostmark after the Anschluss and the Gauliga Sudetenland after the Munich Agreement , competed in a group stage with the four group winners advancing to the semi-finals . The two semi-final winners then contested the 1939 championship final . The groups were divided into three with four clubs and one with six clubs with the latter , in turn , subdivided into two groups of three teams each and a final of these group winners to determine the over all group champions . While , in the following season , the German championship was still played with eighteen clubs as well but it gradually expanded through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1940_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1940 German football championship , the 33rd edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's fifth German championship , by defeating Dresdner SC 1-0 in the final . Both clubs would continue to be strong sides during the Second World War editions of the German championship with Schalke making a losing appearance in the 1941 final before winning again in 1942 while Dresden was crowned German champions in 1943 and 1944 . Schalke 's 16-0 win over CSC 03 Kassel in the group stages was the highest win in the history of the German championship as well as the most goals scored in a game . Rapid Wien 's Franz Binder became the 1940 championships top scorer with 14 goals , a new record that would be broken the following year by Schalke 's Hermann Eppenhoff when he scored 15 goals . The eighteen 1939-40 Gauliga champions , the same number as in 1939 , competed in a group stage with the four group winners advancing to the semi-finals . The two semi-final winners then contested the 1940 championship final . The groups were divided into three with four clubs and one with six clubs with the latter , in turn , subdivided into two groups of three teams each and a final of these group winners to determine the overall group champions . In the following season , the German championship was played with twenty clubs . From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty-one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." } ] }, { "value": "SV 06 Kassel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1937 , 1943", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1937_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1937 German football championship , the 30th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's third German championship , by defeating 1 . FC Nürnberg 2-0 in the final . For Schalke it was the half-way point of the club 's most successful era , having won the 1934 , 1935 final before the 1937 title and going on to win the 1939 , 1940 and 1942 ones as well , winning six national championships all up during this time . 1 . FC Nürnberg , the defending champions who had eliminated Schalke in the semi-finals in the previous season , already had six titles to their name at the time and would go on to win three more between 1948 and 1968 for a total of nine . The two clubs , Germany 's most successful teams in the pre-Bundesliga era , had previously met in the 1934 final which Schalke had won 2-1 but would never encounter each other again in a championship final after 1937 . Karl Mayer of SV Werder Bremen and Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 where the joint top scorers of the 1937 championship with ten goals each . Kalwitzki would finish as the competitions top scorer twice more , in 1939 and 1943 . It was the first-ever German championship final to be played in the Olympiastadion in Berlin , build for the 1936 Summer Olympics . FC Schalke 04 completed the 1936-37 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Westfalen with 17 wins and one draw . The club than went on to win seven out of eight games in the championship and draw one , against SV Werder Bremen , to complete the league season with a record of 24 wins and two draws . After the German championship win Schalke went on to win the 1937 Tschammerpokal , the German Cup as well , by defeating Fortuna Düsseldorf 2-1 in the final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1943_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1943 German football championship , the 36th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club 's first-ever championship , won by defeating FV Saarbrücken in the final . The twenty-nine 1942-43 Gauliga champions , four more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the last completed one during the war , the German championship was played with thirty one clubs , expanded through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years . The 1943 championship marked the end of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . In 1943 defending champions Schalke was knocked out in the quarter finals by Holstein Kiel , thereby ending the clubs quest for a twelfth consecutive semi-finals appearance . Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 and Herbert Binkert of 1 . FC Saarbrücken were the joint top scorers for the 1943 championship with five goals each , the lowest for any top scorer since 1925 . For Kalwitzki it was the third and last time , after 1937 and 1939 , to finish as top scorer . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund . Dresdner SC completed the 1942-43 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Sachsen with -8 wins out of 18 games and than to win all five games in the championship as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Holstein Kiel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Holstein_Kiel", "summary": "Holstein Kiel ( KSV Holstein or Kieler SV Holstein ) is a German association football and sports club based in the city of Kiel , Schleswig-Holstein . From the 1900s through the 1960s the club was one of the most dominant sides in northern Germany . Holstein appeared regularly in the national playoffs , finishing as vice-champions in 1910 and 1930 before capturing their most important title , the German football championship in 1912 . Holstein also winning six regional titles and finishing as runners-up another nine times . They remained a first-division side until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963 ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1910 , 1911 , 1912 , 1913 , 1926 , 1927 , 1928 , 1929 , 1930 , 1931 , 1932 , 1943 , 1944 , 1953 , 1957", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1910_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1910 German football championship , the eighth edition of the competition and organised by the German Football Association , was won by Karlsruher FV , defeating Holstein Kiel 1-0 in the final . For Karlsruher FV it marked the club 's sole German championship , having previously lost the 1905 final . The club would go on to play Holstein Kiel again in the 1912 final where the roles would be reversed and Kiel would win 1-0 . Kiel , in turn , only made one other final appearance apart from 1910 and 1912 , losing the 1930 final to Hertha BSC . Kiel 's Willi Zincke was the top scorer of the 1910 championship with five goals . Nine teams participated , as holders Phönix Karlsruhe took part in addition to the winners of eight regional football championships . Berlin also sent two teams to the final , the champion of the Verband Berliner Ballspielvereine and the champions of the March football championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1911_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1911 German football championship , the 9th edition of the competition , was won by Viktoria 89 Berlin , defeating VfB Leipzig 3-1 in the final . For Viktoria it was the second national championship , having previously won the 1908 edition . Together with two losing finals in 1907 and 1909 it marked the end of the club 's most successful era and also equaled VfB Leipzigs record of two championships won . Leipzig , champions in 1903 and 1906 would twice more appear in the final , winning in 1913 and losing in 1914 . Viktoria 's Willy Worpitzky was the top scorer of the 1911 championship with four goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the eight regional football championships . It was the last season where two rival football associations from Berlin send their champions to the German championship , with the two merging at the end of the season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1912_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1912 German football championship , the 10th edition of the competition , was won by Holstein Kiel , defeating Karlsruher FV 1-0 in the final . It was Kiel 's sole German championship win , previously having made a losing appearance in the 1910 final . Holstein Kiel made one more final appearance , in 1930 , where it lost to Hertha BSC . For Karlsruher FV it was the last final appearance for the club , having previously defeated Kiel in the 1910 final and lost the 1905 one to Union 92 Berlin . Karlsruhe 's Fritz Förderer was the top scorer of the 1912 championship with six goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships as well as the defending German champions ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1913_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1913 German football championship , the 11th edition of the competition , was won by VfB Leipzig , defeating Duisburger SV 3-1 in the final . VfB Leipzig won its third national championship , having previously taken out the title in 1903 and 1906 as well as making a losing appearance in the 1911 final . Leipzig became the first club to win three German championships and would make another appearance in the final in 1914 , the last in the club 's history . For Duisburger SV it was the sole appearance in the championship final . Leipzig 's Paul Pömpner was the top scorer of the 1913 championship , with five goals . Nominally eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships as well as the defending German champions . The Northern German championship however was determined after the German championship had started and its winner , Eintracht Braunschweig , was unable to participate ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1926_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1926 German football championship , the 19th edition of the competition , was won by SpVgg Fürth , defeating Hertha BSC 4-1 in the final . For SpVgg Fürth it was the second national championship after winning the 1914 edition and it won a third and last one in 1929 , also against Hertha BSC . For Hertha it marked the club 's first final appearance and it played in six consecutive ones , losing the first four and winning the final two in 1930 and 1931 . Hamburger SV 's Tull Harder was the top scorer of the 1926 championship with six goals , having previously done so in 1922 and 1923 and , again , in 1928 . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West and South the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship . The eventual champions , SpVgg Fürth , failed to qualify for the Southern German championship through the Bezirksliga Bayern , coming only third behind league champions FC Bayern Munich runners-up 1 . FC Nürnberg , when only the champions advanced . Instead , Fürth won the Southern German Cup and qualified through this route for the Southern German finals where it than finished runners-up ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1927_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1927 German football championship , the 20th edition of the competition , was won by 1 . FC Nürnberg , defeating Hertha BSC 2-0 in the final . For 1 . FC Nürnberg it was the fifth national championship . It brought to an end Nuremberg 's most successful era where the club won five titles in eight seasons , missing out on a sixth one in the inconclusive 1922 championship . Nuremberg would have to wait nine seasons , until 1936 , to win its sixth of eight titles in the German championship era from 1903 to 1963 . For Hertha BSC it marked the second consecutive final loss , a series the club would extend to four in the following seasons . Hertha would than go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931 for a record six consecutive final appearances . SpVgg Fürth 's Andreas Franz was the top scorer of the 1927 championship with six goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1928_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1928 German football championship , the 21st edition of the competition , was won by Hamburger SV , defeating Hertha BSC , 5-2 , in the final . For Hamburger SV it was the second national championship after its first in 1923 , not counting the 1922 title which the club declined . It brought to an end Hamburg 's successful era during the 1920s with four appearances in the German final in seven seasons . Hamburger SV would not play in a final again until 1957 and win its next championship three years later , in 1960 . For Hertha BSC it marked the third consecutive final loss , a series the club would extend to four in the following season . Hertha would then go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931 . Hertha 's Hans Grenzel and Hamburg 's Tull Harder were the joint top scorer of the 1928 championship with seven goals each . Sixteen clubs qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West the third spot went to the third-placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third-placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1929_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1929 German football championship , the 22nd edition of the competition , was won by SpVgg Fürth , defeating Hertha BSC 3-2 in the final . For SpVgg Fürth it was the third national championship after wins in 1914 and 1926 but the club would never again appear in the final after 1929 . It was the last highlight of the decade after the First World War that saw seven of the ten national championships go to Middle Franconian clubs 1 . FC Nürnberg and SpVgg Fürth . For Hertha BSC it marked the fourth consecutive final loss , the only club to do so . Hertha had previously lost the 1926 final to Fürth as well but would go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931 . Hertha 's Hanne Sobek was the top scorer of the 1929 championship with six goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up , except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1930_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1930 German football championship , the 23rd edition of the competition , was won by Hertha BSC , defeating Holstein Kiel 5-4 in the final . For Hertha it was the fifth consecutive final the club played in and the first championship the club won , having lost all four previous finals . Hertha would go on to win the 1931 final as well and thereby become only the second club , after 1 . FC Nürnberg , to defend its title . For Holstein Kiel it was the third and last appearance in the final , having lost the 1910 one and won two years later in 1912 , both against Karlsruher FV . The final itself equaled the then-record of goals scored , nine , set in 1903 . Hertha fell behind twice in the game , 0-2 and 2-3 , before Hans Ruch scored the winning ninth goal of the game in the 87th minute . 1 . FC Nürnberg 's Josef Schmitt was the top scorer of the 1930 championship with seven goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up , except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1931_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1931 German football championship , the 24th edition of the competition , was won by Hertha BSC , defeating TSV 1860 München 3-2 in the final . For Hertha it was the sixth consecutive final the club played in and the second national championship , having won the previous edition . Hertha thereby became only the second club after 1 . FC Nürnberg to defend its title . It marked however the end of Hertha 's most successful era , with the club never again playing in another German championship final after 1931 , as it did for clubs from Berlin , as no other club from the German capital would ever reach another German championship final again . For TSV 1860 it was the only championship final the club ever played in , having to wait until the Bundesliga era to win a championship . The following season the club 's rival , FC Bayern Munich , would take out the only national championship for the city of Munich during the pre-Bundesliga era . Hertha 's Willi Kirsei was the top scorer of the 1931 championship with seven goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up , except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1932_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1932 German football championship , the 25th edition of the competition , ended with the first national title for FC Bayern Munich . The title was won with a 2-0 over Eintracht Frankfurt . It was a replay of the Southern German championship final , in which Eintracht had defeated Bayern 2-0 on 24 April 1932 . For both clubs it was their first appearance in the German final . While Bayern , the winner , never appeared in another one , Eintracht made up for the 1932 loss by winning the 1959 final . To qualify for the national championship , a team needed to win or finish runners-up in one of the seven regional championships . On top of those 14 clubs , the two strongest regions , West and South were allowed to send a third team each . In the West , this was the local cup winner while in the South , the third placed team of the championship received this place ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1943_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1943 German football championship , the 36th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club 's first-ever championship , won by defeating FV Saarbrücken in the final . The twenty-nine 1942-43 Gauliga champions , four more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the last completed one during the war , the German championship was played with thirty one clubs , expanded through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years . The 1943 championship marked the end of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . In 1943 defending champions Schalke was knocked out in the quarter finals by Holstein Kiel , thereby ending the clubs quest for a twelfth consecutive semi-finals appearance . Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 and Herbert Binkert of 1 . FC Saarbrücken were the joint top scorers for the 1943 championship with five goals each , the lowest for any top scorer since 1925 . For Kalwitzki it was the third and last time , after 1937 and 1939 , to finish as top scorer . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund . Dresdner SC completed the 1942-43 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Sachsen with -8 wins out of 18 games and than to win all five games in the championship as well ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1944_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1944 German football championship , the 37th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club defending its 1943 title by defeating Luftwaffe team LSV Hamburg in the final . The final years of the German Championship during the war saw many military teams compete in the championship , Luftwaffe teams , Luftwaffensportvereine , short LSV , and , Wehrmacht teams , Wehrmachtssportvereine , short WSV , became very competitive . Dresden 's Helmut Schön who would later coach Germany to the 1974 FIFA World Cup , became the top scorer of the 1944 championship with 14 goals , the second-highest individual amount of any player in the history of the competition from 1903 to 1963 . It was the last edition of the tournament during the Second World War with the competition not held again until 1948 . The thirty-one 1943-44 Gauliga champions , two more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1953_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1953 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the West Germany in 1952-53 . 1 . FC Kaiserslautern were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the championship in 1951 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1957_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1957 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1956-57 . Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final . Borussia became the first club since Dresdner SC in 1944 to defend their title won the previous year . It was Borussia 's third appearance in the German final , having lost 3-2 to VfR Mannheim in 1949 and won the championship in 1956 , beating Karlsruher SC 4-2 . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1957-58 European Cup , where it went out to AC Milan in the quarter finals . For the losing finalist , Hamburger SV , it was its first appearance in the final since winning the title in 1928 . The format used to determine the German champion was different from the 1956 season . Only two clubs took part in the qualifying round , instead of four . The group stage , eight teams split into two groups of four , was conducted as a single round with games on neutral grounds ; previously it had been home-and-away games . As in the past seasons , the two group winners then played the national final ." } ] }, { "value": "Kölner BC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kölner_BC", "summary": "1 . Fußball-Club Köln 01/07 e. V. , commonly known as simply 1 . FC Köln or FC Cologne in English ( German pronunciation : [ ʔɛf ˈtseː ˈkœln ] ) , is a German association football club based in Cologne . It was formed in 1948 as a merger of the clubs Kölner Ballspiel-Club 1901 and SpVgg Sülz 07 . Köln gained promotion back to the Bundesliga in the 2018-19 season after being relegated to 2 . Bundesliga the previous season . The team won the first Bundesliga in 1963 . The club 's nickname Die Geißböcke ( The Billy Goats ) refers to the club 's mascot , a male goat named Hennes after the veteran FC player and ( later ) manager Hennes Weisweiler . The first Hennes was donated by a circus entrepreneur as a Cologne carnival joke . The current mascot is Hennes IX as of 1 August 2019 after Hennex VIII was retired by the club due to old age . Another nickname for the club , more common locally due to its ambiguity , is FC ( often written as Effzeh ) , a common German abbreviation for football clubs . Characteristic for the dialect spoken around Cologne , this is pronounced EF-tsay , [ Colognian IPA needed ] in contrast to the Standard German pronunciation of the abbreviation where the second syllable is emphasized ( [ ʔɛf ˈtseː ] ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1912", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1912_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1912 German football championship , the 10th edition of the competition , was won by Holstein Kiel , defeating Karlsruher FV 1-0 in the final . It was Kiel 's sole German championship win , previously having made a losing appearance in the 1910 final . Holstein Kiel made one more final appearance , in 1930 , where it lost to Hertha BSC . For Karlsruher FV it was the last final appearance for the club , having previously defeated Kiel in the 1910 final and lost the 1905 one to Union 92 Berlin . Karlsruhe 's Fritz Förderer was the top scorer of the 1912 championship with six goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships as well as the defending German champions ." } ] }, { "value": "CfR Köln", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CfR_Köln", "summary": "VfL Köln was a German association football club from the city of Cologne , North Rhine-Westphalia . The club was formed out of the pre-war merger of Kölner Club für Rasenspiele and Kölner Sportclub 1899 , through which it lays claim to being the city 's oldest football club ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1936", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1936_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1936 German football championship , the 29th edition of the competition , was won by 1 . FC Nürnberg by defeating Fortuna Düsseldorf 2-1 after extra time in the final . It was Nuremberg 's sixth championship and its first since 1927 . Fortuna Düsseldorf made its second final appearance , having previously won the competition in 1933 but , after 1936 , the team would never appear in the final again . Nuremberg had eliminated the champions of the previous two seasons , Schalke 04 in the semi-finals , making 1936 the only final from 1933 to 1942 not to include the club . Schalke however would return to its winning ways the following season when it defeated Nuremberg in the 1937 final . PSV Chemnitz 's Erwin Helmchen was the top scorer of the 1936 championship with ten goals . It was the last-ever German championship final in Berlin to be played at a venue other than the Olympiastadion , the latter having been built for the 1936 Summer Olympics and being used for all finals from 1937 to 1944 and six more after the Second World War . The sixteen 1935-36 Gauliga champions competed in a group stage of four groups of four teams each , with the group winners advancing to the semi-finals . The two semi-final winners then contested the 1936 championship final . The 1936 season saw the introduction of a game for third place , played between the two losing semi-finalists ." } ] }, { "value": "1 . FC Köln", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1._FC_Köln", "summary": "1 . Fußball-Club Köln 01/07 e. V. , commonly known as simply 1 . FC Köln or FC Cologne in English ( German pronunciation : [ ʔɛf ˈtseː ˈkœln ] ) , is a German association football club based in Cologne . It was formed in 1948 as a merger of the clubs Kölner Ballspiel-Club 1901 and SpVgg Sülz 07 . Köln gained promotion back to the Bundesliga in the 2018-19 season after being relegated to 2 . Bundesliga the previous season . The team won the first Bundesliga in 1963 . The club 's nickname Die Geißböcke ( The Billy Goats ) refers to the club 's mascot , a male goat named Hennes after the veteran FC player and ( later ) manager Hennes Weisweiler . The first Hennes was donated by a circus entrepreneur as a Cologne carnival joke . The current mascot is Hennes IX as of 1 August 2019 after Hennex VIII was retired by the club due to old age . Another nickname for the club , more common locally due to its ambiguity , is FC ( often written as Effzeh ) , a common German abbreviation for football clubs . Characteristic for the dialect spoken around Cologne , this is pronounced EF-tsay , [ Colognian IPA needed ] in contrast to the Standard German pronunciation of the abbreviation where the second syllable is emphasized ( [ ʔɛf ˈtseː ] ) ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1953 , 1954 , 1958 , 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 , 1963", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1953_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1953 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the West Germany in 1952-53 . 1 . FC Kaiserslautern were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the championship in 1951 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1954_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1954 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1953-54 . Hannover 96 were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final . It was Hannover 's second appearance in the German final , having previously won the championship in 1938 , beating Schalke 04 4-3 after extra-time . Kaiserslautern were making their fourth appearance , and was the third time they had reached the final in four years , following their championship wins in 1951 and 1953 . The format used to determine the German champion was different from the 1953 season . Only six teams qualified for the championship , instead of eight . These six teams were split into two groups of three , and only played a single round of matches with games on neutral grounds ; previously it had been home-and-away games . The reason for this format change and the reduction in the number of games was Germanys qualifying for the 1954 FIFA World Cup , held shortly after the championship final . As in the past seasons , the two group winners then played the national final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1958_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1958 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957-58 . Schalke 04 were crowned champions for a seventh time after a group stage and a final . It was the club 's first title since 1942 and also its last , as of present . It was won in impressive fashion , Schalke winning all its four finals games , scoring 19 goals and conceding only one ; a reminder of how the club dominated German football in the 1930s and early 1940s . On the strength of this title , Schalke participated in the 1958-59 European Cup , where it was knocked out in the quarter finals by Atlético Madrid . For Hamburg , it was the second lost final in a row , having lost 4-1 in 1957 to Borussia Dortmund and having to wait another two seasons for its first title since 1928 . The format used to determine the German champion was the same as in the 1957 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of West and Southwest having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a single round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1959_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1959 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1958-59 . Eintracht Frankfurt were crowned champions for the first time after a group stage and a final . It was Eintracht 's second appearance in the German final , having previously lost to FC Bayern Munich in 1932 . The team won all seven games it played in the finals . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1959-60 European Cup , where it became the first German club to reach the final . For the losing finalist , Kickers Offenbach , it was its second time to reach the national title game , having lost to VfB Stuttgart in 1950 . It was also the only time the final was contested by two clubs from the state of Hesse . The format used to determine the German champion was very similar to the one used in the 1957 and 1958 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of North and Southwest having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final . In previous seasons , only a single round had been played in the group stage , increasing the number of group games per team from three to six from 1959 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1960_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1960 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1959-60 . Hamburger SV were crowned champions for the third time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the title in 1923 and 1928 . It was the club 's third appearance in the final in four years , having lost the 1957 and 1958 final . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1960-61 European Cup , where HSV lost to FC Barcelona in the semi-finals . Hamburg 's Uwe Seeler was the 1960 championships top scorer with 13 goals , the highest total for any top scorer in the competition after the Second World War . Runners-up 1 . FC Köln made its first appearance in the national title game . The 1960 German championship saw an attendance record for the Oberliga era with 87,739 seeing Tasmania 1900 Berlin hosting 1 . FC Köln . The format used to determine the German champion was the same as the one used in the 1959 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of West and South having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1961_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1961 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1960-61 . 1 . FC Nürnberg were crowned champions for a record eighth time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the title in 1921 , 1922 , 1924 , 1925 , 1927 , 1936 and 1948 . It was the club 's first appearance in the final since its 1948 title . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1961-62 European Cup , where 1 . FCN lost to S.L . Benfica in the quarter finals . Runners-up Borussia Dortmund made its fourth appearance in the national title game , having lost the championship in 1949 and won it in 1956 and 1957 . The format used to determine the German champion was the same as the one used in the 1960 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of Southwest and South having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1962_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1962 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1961-62 . 1 . FC Köln were crowned champions for the first time after a group stage and a final , having previously reached the final in 1960 , where they lost to Hamburger SV . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1962-63 European Cup , where Köln lost to Dundee F.C . in the preliminary round . Runners-up 1 . FC Nürnberg made its twelfth and last appearance in the national title game , having won the previous years championship . The format used to determine the German champion was similar to the one used in the 1961 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of West and North having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a single round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final . In previous years , a home-and-away round had been played in the group stages but because of the 1962 FIFA World Cup , where Germany participated in , the schedule was reduced , as had been the case in previous world cup years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1963_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1963 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1962-63 . Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the third time after a group stage and a final , having previously won the championship in 1956 and 1957 . On the strength of this title , the club participated in the 1963-64 European Cup , where Borussia lost to F.C . Internazionale Milano in the semi-finals . Runners-up 1 . FC Köln made its third appearance in the national title game , having won the previous years championship and lost in 1960 . The format used to determine the German champion was similar to the one used in the 1962 season . Nine clubs qualified for the tournament , with the runners-up of South and North having to play a qualifying match . The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four , with the two group winners entering the final . In the previous year , a single round had been played in the group stages because of the 1962 FIFA World Cup , where Germany participated in , to reduce the schedule . The 1963 edition marked the last year , where the German championship was decided in a final . From 1963 onwards , the championship would go to the new Bundesliga champion ." } ] }, { "value": "KSG Köln-Sülz/VfL 99", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1944", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1944_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1944 German football championship , the 37th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club defending its 1943 title by defeating Luftwaffe team LSV Hamburg in the final . The final years of the German Championship during the war saw many military teams compete in the championship , Luftwaffe teams , Luftwaffensportvereine , short LSV , and , Wehrmacht teams , Wehrmachtssportvereine , short WSV , became very competitive . Dresden 's Helmut Schön who would later coach Germany to the 1974 FIFA World Cup , became the top scorer of the 1944 championship with 14 goals , the second-highest individual amount of any player in the history of the competition from 1903 to 1963 . It was the last edition of the tournament during the Second World War with the competition not held again until 1948 . The thirty-one 1943-44 Gauliga champions , two more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund ." } ] }, { "value": "SC 99 Köln", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SC_99_Köln", "summary": "VfL Köln was a German association football club from the city of Cologne , North Rhine-Westphalia . The club was formed out of the pre-war merger of Kölner Club für Rasenspiele and Kölner Sportclub 1899 , through which it lays claim to being the city 's oldest football club ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1906", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1906_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1906 German football championship was the fourth competition for the national championship of Germany . Held under the auspices of the German Football Association ( DFB ) , eight teams competed for the title . For the first time only champions of regional football associations were admitted to the championship , excluding champions of local associations such as the Verband Magdeburger Ballspielvereine ( Association of Magdeburg ballgame clubs ) . An exception was the situation in Berlin where two associations - the Verband Berliner Ballspielvereine ( VBB ) and the Märkischer Fußballbund ( MFB ) - existed . Both their champions were admitted , as were defending champions Berliner TuFC Union 92 . This led to three teams from Berlin competing in the final tournament ." } ] }, { "value": "VfL Köln 99", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/VfL_Köln_99", "summary": "VfL Köln was a German association football club from the city of Cologne , North Rhine-Westphalia . The club was formed out of the pre-war merger of Kölner Club für Rasenspiele and Kölner Sportclub 1899 , through which it lays claim to being the city 's oldest football club ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1941 , 1942", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1941_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1941 German football championship , the 34th edition of the competition , was won by SK Rapid Wien , the club 's sole German championship . Rapid , which had previously won twelve Austrian football championship between 1911 and 1938 as well as the 1938 German Cup , won the competition by defeating Schalke 04 4-3 in the final . The final was held on 22 June 1941 , the same day Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1942_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1942 German football championship , the 35th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's sixth championship , won by defeating First Vienna FC in the final . It marked the third and last occasion of a club from Vienna ( German : Wien ) in the final , Rapid Wien having won the competition in the previous season while Admira Wien had made a losing appearance in the 1939 final . It was the last time that Schalke was awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 as the trophy disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War . Schalke 's Fritz Szepan was the 1942 championships top scorer with eight goals . The 1942 championship marked the last highlight of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . By appearing in the 1942 final Schalke also equaled Hertha BSC 's record of six consecutive final appearances which the latter had set from 1926 to 1931 . Schalke would however not win another German championship until 1958 . The twenty-five 1941-42 Gauliga champions , five more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the German championship was played with twenty nine clubs . From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." } ] }, { "value": "VfR Köln", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/VfR_Köln", "summary": "FC Viktoria Köln is a German association football club from the city of Cologne in North Rhine-Westphalia ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1926 , 1935 , 1937", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1926_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1926 German football championship , the 19th edition of the competition , was won by SpVgg Fürth , defeating Hertha BSC 4-1 in the final . For SpVgg Fürth it was the second national championship after winning the 1914 edition and it won a third and last one in 1929 , also against Hertha BSC . For Hertha it marked the club 's first final appearance and it played in six consecutive ones , losing the first four and winning the final two in 1930 and 1931 . Hamburger SV 's Tull Harder was the top scorer of the 1926 championship with six goals , having previously done so in 1922 and 1923 and , again , in 1928 . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West and South the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship . The eventual champions , SpVgg Fürth , failed to qualify for the Southern German championship through the Bezirksliga Bayern , coming only third behind league champions FC Bayern Munich runners-up 1 . FC Nürnberg , when only the champions advanced . Instead , Fürth won the Southern German Cup and qualified through this route for the Southern German finals where it than finished runners-up ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1935_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1935 German football championship , the 28th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 by defeating VfB Stuttgart 6-4 in the final . It was Schalke 's second consecutive championship and second overall , with four more titles to follow until 1942 and a seventh one in 1958 . For Stuttgart it was the club 's first appearance in the final , with three more to follow between 1950 and 1953 . The 1935 final produced the most goals scored in a final during the history of the competition , exceeding the nine scored in the 1903 and 1930 final . Schalke 's Ernst Poertgen became the 1935 championship 's top scorer with eleven goals . The sixteen 1934-35 Gauliga champions competed in a group stage of four groups of four teams each , with the group winners advancing to the semi-finals . The two semi-final winners then contested the 1935 championship final ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1937_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1937 German football championship , the 30th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's third German championship , by defeating 1 . FC Nürnberg 2-0 in the final . For Schalke it was the half-way point of the club 's most successful era , having won the 1934 , 1935 final before the 1937 title and going on to win the 1939 , 1940 and 1942 ones as well , winning six national championships all up during this time . 1 . FC Nürnberg , the defending champions who had eliminated Schalke in the semi-finals in the previous season , already had six titles to their name at the time and would go on to win three more between 1948 and 1968 for a total of nine . The two clubs , Germany 's most successful teams in the pre-Bundesliga era , had previously met in the 1934 final which Schalke had won 2-1 but would never encounter each other again in a championship final after 1937 . Karl Mayer of SV Werder Bremen and Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 where the joint top scorers of the 1937 championship with ten goals each . Kalwitzki would finish as the competitions top scorer twice more , in 1939 and 1943 . It was the first-ever German championship final to be played in the Olympiastadion in Berlin , build for the 1936 Summer Olympics . FC Schalke 04 completed the 1936-37 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Westfalen with 17 wins and one draw . The club than went on to win seven out of eight games in the championship and draw one , against SV Werder Bremen , to complete the league season with a record of 24 wins and two draws . After the German championship win Schalke went on to win the 1937 Tschammerpokal , the German Cup as well , by defeating Fortuna Düsseldorf 2-1 in the final ." } ] }, { "value": "Victoria Köln", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SC_Fortuna_Köln", "summary": "SC Fortuna Köln is a German association football club playing in the city of Cologne , North Rhine-Westphalia ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1943", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1943_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1943 German football championship , the 36th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club 's first-ever championship , won by defeating FV Saarbrücken in the final . The twenty-nine 1942-43 Gauliga champions , four more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the last completed one during the war , the German championship was played with thirty one clubs , expanded through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years . The 1943 championship marked the end of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . In 1943 defending champions Schalke was knocked out in the quarter finals by Holstein Kiel , thereby ending the clubs quest for a twelfth consecutive semi-finals appearance . Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 and Herbert Binkert of 1 . FC Saarbrücken were the joint top scorers for the 1943 championship with five goals each , the lowest for any top scorer since 1925 . For Kalwitzki it was the third and last time , after 1937 and 1939 , to finish as top scorer . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund . Dresdner SC completed the 1942-43 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Sachsen with -8 wins out of 18 games and than to win all five games in the championship as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Prussia Samland Königsberg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Prussia_Samland_Königsberg", "summary": "SV Prussia-Samland Königsberg was a German association football club from the city of Königsberg , East Prussia ( today Kaliningrad , Russia ) . The club was founded in early 1904 as Fußball-Club Prussia Königsberg and in 1908 merged with Sportzirkel Samland Königsberg 1904 to form Sportvereinigung Prussia-Samland Königsberg . The combined side captured its first Baltenverband championship in 1910 by beating BuEV Danzig 2:1 and went on to take part in opening qualification round of the national championship . SV took additional regional titles in 1913 and 1914 and in both seasons was able to advance to the national quarterfinals before being put out by Viktoria 89 Berlin ( 1:6 ) and VfB Leipzig ( 1:4 ) . The club played at Sportplatz Prussia-Samland on Steffeckstraße on the western outskirts of Amalienau . Königsberg made just two more appearances in the Baltenverband end round through the 1920s before again capturing regional titles and making national level playoff showings in 1931 and 1933 . The club became part of the first division Gauliga Ostpreußen , one of sixteen top flight divisions formed in the reorganization of German football under the Third Reich in 1933 . They won their group in 1935 , but lost the subsequent division final to Yorck Boyen Insterburg ( 1:5 , 1:2 ) . Playing in the Gauliga Königsberg within the Gauliga Ostpreußen , SV took group titles in 1936 and 1938 , but was unable to win the overall division . They took part in the opening round of the Tschammerpokal , predecessor of today 's DFB-Pokal ( German Cup ) , in 1941 The team played out its existence as a mid- to lower table side in the Gauliga Ostpreußen and disappeared in 1945 after the area was annexed by the Soviet Union following World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1910 , 1913 , 1914 , 1931 , 1933", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1910_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1910 German football championship , the eighth edition of the competition and organised by the German Football Association , was won by Karlsruher FV , defeating Holstein Kiel 1-0 in the final . For Karlsruher FV it marked the club 's sole German championship , having previously lost the 1905 final . The club would go on to play Holstein Kiel again in the 1912 final where the roles would be reversed and Kiel would win 1-0 . Kiel , in turn , only made one other final appearance apart from 1910 and 1912 , losing the 1930 final to Hertha BSC . Kiel 's Willi Zincke was the top scorer of the 1910 championship with five goals . Nine teams participated , as holders Phönix Karlsruhe took part in addition to the winners of eight regional football championships . Berlin also sent two teams to the final , the champion of the Verband Berliner Ballspielvereine and the champions of the March football championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1913_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1913 German football championship , the 11th edition of the competition , was won by VfB Leipzig , defeating Duisburger SV 3-1 in the final . VfB Leipzig won its third national championship , having previously taken out the title in 1903 and 1906 as well as making a losing appearance in the 1911 final . Leipzig became the first club to win three German championships and would make another appearance in the final in 1914 , the last in the club 's history . For Duisburger SV it was the sole appearance in the championship final . Leipzig 's Paul Pömpner was the top scorer of the 1913 championship , with five goals . Nominally eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships as well as the defending German champions . The Northern German championship however was determined after the German championship had started and its winner , Eintracht Braunschweig , was unable to participate ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1914_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1914 German football championship , the 12th edition of the competition , was won by SpVgg Fürth , defeating VfB Leipzig 3-2 after extra time in the final . It was the last edition of the championship before the First World War , with the next edition not held until after the war in 1920 . For SpVgg Fürth it was the first national championship won with two more to follow in 1926 and 1929 as well as a losing appearance in the 1920 final . VfB Leipzig , the first-ever German champions in 1903 , had also won the 1906 and 1913 editions as well as making a losing appearance in 1911 and was the most successful club in the pre-First World War era of the competition . Fürth 's Karl Franz was the top scorer of the 1914 championship with five goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships as well as the defending German champions ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1931_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1931 German football championship , the 24th edition of the competition , was won by Hertha BSC , defeating TSV 1860 München 3-2 in the final . For Hertha it was the sixth consecutive final the club played in and the second national championship , having won the previous edition . Hertha thereby became only the second club after 1 . FC Nürnberg to defend its title . It marked however the end of Hertha 's most successful era , with the club never again playing in another German championship final after 1931 , as it did for clubs from Berlin , as no other club from the German capital would ever reach another German championship final again . For TSV 1860 it was the only championship final the club ever played in , having to wait until the Bundesliga era to win a championship . The following season the club 's rival , FC Bayern Munich , would take out the only national championship for the city of Munich during the pre-Bundesliga era . Hertha 's Willi Kirsei was the top scorer of the 1931 championship with seven goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up , except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1933_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1933 German football championship , the 26th edition of the competition , ended with the first national title for Fortuna Düsseldorf . The title was won with a 3-0 win over Schalke 04 . It was a replay of the Western German championship final , in which Schalke had defeated Fortuna 1-0 on 30 April 1933 . For both clubs it was their first appearance in the German final . While Fortuna only played one more after this , in 1936 , for Schalke it was the first in its golden era , playing in every final until 1942 , except the 1936 one . The 1933 final was played after the rise of the Nazis to power in Germany . After this season , the German league system was overhauled and instead of the regional championships as qualifying competitions , the 16 Gauligas were introduced . To qualify for the national championship , a team needed to win or finish runners-up in one of the seven regional championships . On top of those 14 clubs , the two strongest regions , West and South were allowed to send a third team each . In the West , this was the local cup winner while in the South , the third placed team of the championship received this place ." } ] }, { "value": "VfB Königsberg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/VfB_Königsberg", "summary": "VfB Königsberg was a German association football club from the city of Königsberg , East Prussia . The team played its home games at the Sportplatz des Vereins für Bewegungs Spiele near the Maraunenhof Stadtgärtnerei , aside from 1940-41 when they played at the Sportplatz am Friedländer Tor between Haberberg and Rosenau ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1908 , 1909 , 1923 , 1924 , 1925 , 1926 , 1927 , 1928 , 1929 , 1930 , 1931 , 1940 , 1941 , 1942 , 1943 , 1944", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1908_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1908 German football championship , the sixth edition of the competition , was won by Viktoria 89 Berlin , defeating Stuttgarter Kickers 3-1 in the final . For Viktoria 89 Berlin it was the first national title , having lost the previous season 's final to Freiburger FC . The club would make another losing appearance in the final in the following season before winning its second title in 1911 . For the Stuttgarter Kickers it was the club 's sole appearance in the championship final . Viktoria 's Willi Worpitzky was the top scorers of the 1908 championship with six goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships and the defending German champions ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1909_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1909 German football championship , the seventh edition of the competition , was won by Phönix Karlsruhe , defeating Viktoria 89 Berlin 4-2 in the final . For Phönix Karlsruhe it was the club 's only appearance in the German championship final . Phönix would later merge with VfB Mühlburg to form Karlsruher SC , with the latter making a losing appearance in the 1956 final . Viktoria 89 Berlin , the defending champions , played its third consecutive final in 1909 , having lost in 1907 and won it in 1908 . Viktoria would go on to make one more final appearance , winning the competition for a second time in 1911 . Viktoria 's Willy Worpitzky was the top scorer of the 1909 championship with seven goals . Eight clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format , the champions of each of the eight regional football championships , Berlin sending the champions of two rival competitions to the finals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1923_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1923 German football championship , the 16th edition of the competition , was won by Hamburger SV , defeating Union Oberschöneweide 3-0 in the final . For Hamburger SV it was the first national championship , having played in the inconclusive 1922 final and declined the championship . Hamburg would make another appearance in the final in the following season but lose to 1 . FC Nürnberg , followed by another championship in 1928 , won against another club from Berlin , Hertha BSC . Union Oberschöneweide made its sole championship final appearance in 1923 and would eventually evolve into what is now 1 . FC Union Berlin . Hamburg 's Tull Harder was the top scorer of the 1923 championship with five goals , having previously done so in 1922 and , again , in 1926 and 1928 . Seven clubs qualified for the knock-out competition , nominally the champions of each of the seven regional football championships . However , the Western German football championship was not contested in 1923 and a qualifying competition for the German football championship was held instead ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1924_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1924 German football championship , the 17th edition of the competition , was won by 1 . FC Nürnberg , defeating Hamburger SV 2-0 in the final . For 1 . FC Nürnberg it was the third national championship . It was part of Nuremberg 's most successful era where the club won five titles in eight seasons from 1920 to 1927 , missing out on a sixth one in the inconclusive 1922 championship . For Hamburger SV , the defending champions , it was the third final appearance in three season , having faced Nuremberg once before in the 1922 final . Hamburg 's next final appearance would come in 1928 when it defeated Hertha BSC . SpVgg Leipzig 's Erich Roßburg and 1 . FC Nürnberg 's Luitpold Popp were the top scorers of the 1924 championship with three goals each . Seven club qualified for the knock-out competition , the champions of each of the seven regional football championships . It was the last edition with seven clubs as , from 1925 onwards , sixteen clubs would play in the competition ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1925_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1925 German football championship , the 18th edition of the competition , was won by 1 . FC Nürnberg , defeating FSV Frankfurt 1-0 after extra time in the final . For 1 . FC Nürnberg it was the fourth national championship . It was part of Nuremberg 's most successful era where the club won five titles in eight seasons from 1920 to 1927 , missing out on a sixth one in the inconclusive 1922 championship . For FSV Frankfurt it was the club 's sole German championship final appearance . Five players were the joint top scorers of the 1925 championship with three goals each , Arthur Warnecke , Georg Hochgesang , Heinrich Träg , Josef Lüke and Willi Kirsei . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , nine more than in previous seasons , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West and South the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1926_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1926 German football championship , the 19th edition of the competition , was won by SpVgg Fürth , defeating Hertha BSC 4-1 in the final . For SpVgg Fürth it was the second national championship after winning the 1914 edition and it won a third and last one in 1929 , also against Hertha BSC . For Hertha it marked the club 's first final appearance and it played in six consecutive ones , losing the first four and winning the final two in 1930 and 1931 . Hamburger SV 's Tull Harder was the top scorer of the 1926 championship with six goals , having previously done so in 1922 and 1923 and , again , in 1928 . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West and South the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship . The eventual champions , SpVgg Fürth , failed to qualify for the Southern German championship through the Bezirksliga Bayern , coming only third behind league champions FC Bayern Munich runners-up 1 . FC Nürnberg , when only the champions advanced . Instead , Fürth won the Southern German Cup and qualified through this route for the Southern German finals where it than finished runners-up ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1927_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1927 German football championship , the 20th edition of the competition , was won by 1 . FC Nürnberg , defeating Hertha BSC 2-0 in the final . For 1 . FC Nürnberg it was the fifth national championship . It brought to an end Nuremberg 's most successful era where the club won five titles in eight seasons , missing out on a sixth one in the inconclusive 1922 championship . Nuremberg would have to wait nine seasons , until 1936 , to win its sixth of eight titles in the German championship era from 1903 to 1963 . For Hertha BSC it marked the second consecutive final loss , a series the club would extend to four in the following seasons . Hertha would than go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931 for a record six consecutive final appearances . SpVgg Fürth 's Andreas Franz was the top scorer of the 1927 championship with six goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1928_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1928 German football championship , the 21st edition of the competition , was won by Hamburger SV , defeating Hertha BSC , 5-2 , in the final . For Hamburger SV it was the second national championship after its first in 1923 , not counting the 1922 title which the club declined . It brought to an end Hamburg 's successful era during the 1920s with four appearances in the German final in seven seasons . Hamburger SV would not play in a final again until 1957 and win its next championship three years later , in 1960 . For Hertha BSC it marked the third consecutive final loss , a series the club would extend to four in the following season . Hertha would then go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931 . Hertha 's Hans Grenzel and Hamburg 's Tull Harder were the joint top scorer of the 1928 championship with seven goals each . Sixteen clubs qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions and runners-up qualified . In the West the third spot went to the third-placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third-placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1929_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1929 German football championship , the 22nd edition of the competition , was won by SpVgg Fürth , defeating Hertha BSC 3-2 in the final . For SpVgg Fürth it was the third national championship after wins in 1914 and 1926 but the club would never again appear in the final after 1929 . It was the last highlight of the decade after the First World War that saw seven of the ten national championships go to Middle Franconian clubs 1 . FC Nürnberg and SpVgg Fürth . For Hertha BSC it marked the fourth consecutive final loss , the only club to do so . Hertha had previously lost the 1926 final to Fürth as well but would go on to win back-to-back championships in 1930 and 1931 . Hertha 's Hanne Sobek was the top scorer of the 1929 championship with six goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up , except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1930_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1930 German football championship , the 23rd edition of the competition , was won by Hertha BSC , defeating Holstein Kiel 5-4 in the final . For Hertha it was the fifth consecutive final the club played in and the first championship the club won , having lost all four previous finals . Hertha would go on to win the 1931 final as well and thereby become only the second club , after 1 . FC Nürnberg , to defend its title . For Holstein Kiel it was the third and last appearance in the final , having lost the 1910 one and won two years later in 1912 , both against Karlsruher FV . The final itself equaled the then-record of goals scored , nine , set in 1903 . Hertha fell behind twice in the game , 0-2 and 2-3 , before Hans Ruch scored the winning ninth goal of the game in the 87th minute . 1 . FC Nürnberg 's Josef Schmitt was the top scorer of the 1930 championship with seven goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up , except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1931_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1931 German football championship , the 24th edition of the competition , was won by Hertha BSC , defeating TSV 1860 München 3-2 in the final . For Hertha it was the sixth consecutive final the club played in and the second national championship , having won the previous edition . Hertha thereby became only the second club after 1 . FC Nürnberg to defend its title . It marked however the end of Hertha 's most successful era , with the club never again playing in another German championship final after 1931 , as it did for clubs from Berlin , as no other club from the German capital would ever reach another German championship final again . For TSV 1860 it was the only championship final the club ever played in , having to wait until the Bundesliga era to win a championship . The following season the club 's rival , FC Bayern Munich , would take out the only national championship for the city of Munich during the pre-Bundesliga era . Hertha 's Willi Kirsei was the top scorer of the 1931 championship with seven goals . Sixteen club qualified for the knock-out competition , two from each of the regional federations plus an additional third club from the South and West . In all cases the regional champions qualified and almost all of the runners-up , except in Central Germany where the second spot went to the regional cup winner . In the West the third spot went to the third placed team of the championship while , in the South , the third spot was determined in a separate qualifying competition for runners-up and third placed teams ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1940_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1940 German football championship , the 33rd edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's fifth German championship , by defeating Dresdner SC 1-0 in the final . Both clubs would continue to be strong sides during the Second World War editions of the German championship with Schalke making a losing appearance in the 1941 final before winning again in 1942 while Dresden was crowned German champions in 1943 and 1944 . Schalke 's 16-0 win over CSC 03 Kassel in the group stages was the highest win in the history of the German championship as well as the most goals scored in a game . Rapid Wien 's Franz Binder became the 1940 championships top scorer with 14 goals , a new record that would be broken the following year by Schalke 's Hermann Eppenhoff when he scored 15 goals . The eighteen 1939-40 Gauliga champions , the same number as in 1939 , competed in a group stage with the four group winners advancing to the semi-finals . The two semi-final winners then contested the 1940 championship final . The groups were divided into three with four clubs and one with six clubs with the latter , in turn , subdivided into two groups of three teams each and a final of these group winners to determine the overall group champions . In the following season , the German championship was played with twenty clubs . From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty-one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1941_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1941 German football championship , the 34th edition of the competition , was won by SK Rapid Wien , the club 's sole German championship . Rapid , which had previously won twelve Austrian football championship between 1911 and 1938 as well as the 1938 German Cup , won the competition by defeating Schalke 04 4-3 in the final . The final was held on 22 June 1941 , the same day Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1942_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1942 German football championship , the 35th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's sixth championship , won by defeating First Vienna FC in the final . It marked the third and last occasion of a club from Vienna ( German : Wien ) in the final , Rapid Wien having won the competition in the previous season while Admira Wien had made a losing appearance in the 1939 final . It was the last time that Schalke was awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 as the trophy disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War . Schalke 's Fritz Szepan was the 1942 championships top scorer with eight goals . The 1942 championship marked the last highlight of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . By appearing in the 1942 final Schalke also equaled Hertha BSC 's record of six consecutive final appearances which the latter had set from 1926 to 1931 . Schalke would however not win another German championship until 1958 . The twenty-five 1941-42 Gauliga champions , five more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the German championship was played with twenty nine clubs . From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1943_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1943 German football championship , the 36th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club 's first-ever championship , won by defeating FV Saarbrücken in the final . The twenty-nine 1942-43 Gauliga champions , four more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the last completed one during the war , the German championship was played with thirty one clubs , expanded through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years . The 1943 championship marked the end of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . In 1943 defending champions Schalke was knocked out in the quarter finals by Holstein Kiel , thereby ending the clubs quest for a twelfth consecutive semi-finals appearance . Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 and Herbert Binkert of 1 . FC Saarbrücken were the joint top scorers for the 1943 championship with five goals each , the lowest for any top scorer since 1925 . For Kalwitzki it was the third and last time , after 1937 and 1939 , to finish as top scorer . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund . Dresdner SC completed the 1942-43 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Sachsen with -8 wins out of 18 games and than to win all five games in the championship as well ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1944_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1944 German football championship , the 37th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club defending its 1943 title by defeating Luftwaffe team LSV Hamburg in the final . The final years of the German Championship during the war saw many military teams compete in the championship , Luftwaffe teams , Luftwaffensportvereine , short LSV , and , Wehrmacht teams , Wehrmachtssportvereine , short WSV , became very competitive . Dresden 's Helmut Schön who would later coach Germany to the 1974 FIFA World Cup , became the top scorer of the 1944 championship with 14 goals , the second-highest individual amount of any player in the history of the competition from 1903 to 1963 . It was the last edition of the tournament during the Second World War with the competition not held again until 1948 . The thirty-one 1943-44 Gauliga champions , two more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund ." } ] }, { "value": "Germania Königshütte", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germania_Königshütte", "summary": "AKS Chorzów is a sports club in based in Chorzów , Poland . It is one of the earliest sports organizations in Upper Silesia and is still well-known nationally for its football and handball teams . The club also made its mark on the international stage : Halina Richter-Górecka was part of the gold-medal winning women 's 100m relay team at the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games ; tennis player Danuta Wieczorek appeared at Wimbledon as a junior ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1942 , 1943 , 1944", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1942_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1942 German football championship , the 35th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's sixth championship , won by defeating First Vienna FC in the final . It marked the third and last occasion of a club from Vienna ( German : Wien ) in the final , Rapid Wien having won the competition in the previous season while Admira Wien had made a losing appearance in the 1939 final . It was the last time that Schalke was awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 as the trophy disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War . Schalke 's Fritz Szepan was the 1942 championships top scorer with eight goals . The 1942 championship marked the last highlight of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . By appearing in the 1942 final Schalke also equaled Hertha BSC 's record of six consecutive final appearances which the latter had set from 1926 to 1931 . Schalke would however not win another German championship until 1958 . The twenty-five 1941-42 Gauliga champions , five more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the German championship was played with twenty nine clubs . From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1943_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1943 German football championship , the 36th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club 's first-ever championship , won by defeating FV Saarbrücken in the final . The twenty-nine 1942-43 Gauliga champions , four more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the last completed one during the war , the German championship was played with thirty one clubs , expanded through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years . The 1943 championship marked the end of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . In 1943 defending champions Schalke was knocked out in the quarter finals by Holstein Kiel , thereby ending the clubs quest for a twelfth consecutive semi-finals appearance . Ernst Kalwitzki of FC Schalke 04 and Herbert Binkert of 1 . FC Saarbrücken were the joint top scorers for the 1943 championship with five goals each , the lowest for any top scorer since 1925 . For Kalwitzki it was the third and last time , after 1937 and 1939 , to finish as top scorer . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund . Dresdner SC completed the 1942-43 season unbeaten , finishing the Gauliga Sachsen with -8 wins out of 18 games and than to win all five games in the championship as well ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1944_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1944 German football championship , the 37th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club defending its 1943 title by defeating Luftwaffe team LSV Hamburg in the final . The final years of the German Championship during the war saw many military teams compete in the championship , Luftwaffe teams , Luftwaffensportvereine , short LSV , and , Wehrmacht teams , Wehrmachtssportvereine , short WSV , became very competitive . Dresden 's Helmut Schön who would later coach Germany to the 1974 FIFA World Cup , became the top scorer of the 1944 championship with 14 goals , the second-highest individual amount of any player in the history of the competition from 1903 to 1963 . It was the last edition of the tournament during the Second World War with the competition not held again until 1948 . The thirty-one 1943-44 Gauliga champions , two more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund ." } ] }, { "value": "LSV Krakau", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1942 , 1944", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1942_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1942 German football championship , the 35th edition of the competition , was won by Schalke 04 , the club 's sixth championship , won by defeating First Vienna FC in the final . It marked the third and last occasion of a club from Vienna ( German : Wien ) in the final , Rapid Wien having won the competition in the previous season while Admira Wien had made a losing appearance in the 1939 final . It was the last time that Schalke was awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 as the trophy disappeared during the final stages of the Second World War . Schalke 's Fritz Szepan was the 1942 championships top scorer with eight goals . The 1942 championship marked the last highlight of the golden era of Schalke 04 which had reached the semi-finals of each edition of the national championship from 1932 to 1942 and won the competition in 1934 , 1935 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 and 1942 while losing the final in 1933 , 1938 and 1941 . By appearing in the 1942 final Schalke also equaled Hertha BSC 's record of six consecutive final appearances which the latter had set from 1926 to 1931 . Schalke would however not win another German championship until 1958 . The twenty-five 1941-42 Gauliga champions , five more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . In the following season , the German championship was played with twenty nine clubs . From there it gradually expanded further through a combination of territorial expansion of Nazi Germany and the sub-dividing of the Gauligas in later years , reaching a strength of thirty one in its last completed season , 1943-44 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1944_German_football_championship", "summary": "The 1944 German football championship , the 37th edition of the competition , was won by Dresdner SC , the club defending its 1943 title by defeating Luftwaffe team LSV Hamburg in the final . The final years of the German Championship during the war saw many military teams compete in the championship , Luftwaffe teams , Luftwaffensportvereine , short LSV , and , Wehrmacht teams , Wehrmachtssportvereine , short WSV , became very competitive . Dresden 's Helmut Schön who would later coach Germany to the 1974 FIFA World Cup , became the top scorer of the 1944 championship with 14 goals , the second-highest individual amount of any player in the history of the competition from 1903 to 1963 . It was the last edition of the tournament during the Second World War with the competition not held again until 1948 . The thirty-one 1943-44 Gauliga champions , two more than in the previous season , competed in a single-leg knock out competition to determine the national champion . Dresdner SC became the last club to be awarded the Viktoria , the annual trophy for the German champions from 1903 to 1944 . The trophy disappeared during the final stages of the war , did not resurface until after the German reunification and was put on display at the DFB headquarters in Frankfurt until 2015 , when it was moved to the new Deutsches Fußballmuseum in Dortmund ." } ] } ], "section_title": "List -- K", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_football_clubs_in_the_German_national_championship_10", "intro": "This is a list of all clubs that have taken part in the German football championship from 1903 to 1963, in the era when the national championship was decided by a finals round with a national title game at the end. The German football championship was first held in 1903 and won by VfB Leipzig. In 1904, the championship was not completed due to a protest by Karlsruher FV about a technicality, with all games but the final played. The competition was held again in 1905 and, from then on, annually. The championship was interrupted by the World War I, and not held from 1915 to 1920, when football returned to more organised fashion after the disruptions caused by the war. In 1922, the final was inconclusive and Hamburger SV was declared champions but declined the honor. After this, a championship was held every season until 1944. With the expansion of Nazi Germany, clubs from occupied territories or annexed countries took part in the competition, including teams from Austria, France, Luxembourg, Poland, and Czechoslovakia." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Real_World:_Brooklyn", "title": "The Real World: Brooklyn", "header": [ "Cast Member", "Age", "Hometown", "Biography" ], "data": [ { "value": "Baya Voce", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Salt Lake City , Utah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah", "summary": "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah , as well as the seat of Salt Lake County , the most populous county in Utah . With an estimated population of 200,591 in 2018 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,222,540 ( 2018 estimate ) . Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area , a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,606,548 ( as of 2018 estimates ) . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin . The world headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is located in Salt Lake City . The city was founded in 1847 by followers of the church , led by Brigham Young , who were seeking to escape persecution that they had experienced while living farther east . The Mormon pioneers , as they would come to be known , entered an arid valley and immediately began building , planning , and extending an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth . Salt Lake City 's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan , with the Salt Lake Temple at the origin . Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake , the city was named Great Salt Lake City . In 1868 , the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature dropped the word Great from the city 's name . Immigration of international members of the church , mining booms , and the construction of the first transcontinental railroad initially brought economic growth , and the city was nicknamed the Crossroads of the West . It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway , the first transcontinental highway , in 1913 ." } ] }, { "value": "Baya , like Chet , is from Salt Lake City , but is not a Mormon , which has caused her to feel isolated in her hometown . Raised by hippie parents , she is a dedicated hip-hop DJ who aspires to be a dancer , and has been described as the token cute white female and laid back , though she suffers from panic attacks . She is active in social and environmental causes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hippie", "summary": "A hippie ( sometimes spelled hippy ) is a member of the counterculture of the 1960s , originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world . The word hippie came from hipster and was used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City 's Greenwich Village and San Francisco 's Haight-Ashbury district . The term hippie first found popularity in San Francisco with Herb Caen , who was a journalist for the San Francisco Chronicle . The origins of the terms hip and hep are uncertain . By the 1940s , both had become part of African American jive slang and meant sophisticated ; currently fashionable ; fully up-to-date . The Beats adopted the term hip , and early hippies inherited the language and countercultural values of the Beat Generation . Hippies created their own communities , listened to psychedelic music , embraced the sexual revolution , and many used drugs such as marijuana and LSD to explore altered states of consciousness ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hip-hop", "summary": "Hip hop or hip-hop , is a culture and art movement that was created by African Americans , Latino Americans and Caribbean Americans in the Bronx , New York City . The origin of the name is often disputed . It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx . While the term hip hop is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music ( including rap ) , hip hop is characterized by nine elements , of which only four are considered essential to understanding hip hop musically . Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined these main pillars of hip hop culture , coining the terms : rapping ( also called MCing or emceeing ) , a rhythmic vocal rhyming style ( orality ) ; DJing ( and turntablism ) , which is making music with record players and DJ mixers ( aural/sound and music creation ) ; b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing ( movement/dance ) ; and graffiti . Other elements of hip hop subculture and arts movements beyond the main four are : hip hop culture and historical knowledge of the movement ( intellectual/philosophical ) ; beatboxing , a percussive vocal style ; street entrepreneurship ; hip hop language ; and hip hop fashion and style , among others . The fifth element , although debated , is commonly considered either street knowledge , hip hop fashion , or beatboxing . The Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the mid-1970s from neighborhood block parties thrown by the Black Spades , an African-American group that has been described as being a gang , a club , and a music group . Brother-sister duo Clive Campbell , a.k.a . DJ Kool Herc , and Cindy Campbell additionally hosted DJ parties in the Bronx and are credited for the rise in the genre . Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world . These elements were adapted and developed considerably , particularly as the art forms spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s and subsequent decades ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Panic_attacks", "summary": "Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations , sweating , shaking , shortness of breath , numbness , or a feeling that something bad is going to happen . The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes . Typically they last for about 30 minutes but the duration can vary from seconds to hours . There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain . Panic attacks themselves are not typically dangerous physically . Panic attacks can occur due to a number of disorders including panic disorder , social anxiety disorder , post traumatic stress disorder , drug use disorder , depression , and medical problems . They can either be triggered or occur unexpectedly . Smoking , caffeine , and psychological stress increase the risk of having a panic attack . Before diagnosis , conditions that produce similar symptoms should be ruled out , such as hyperthyroidism , hyperparathyroidism , heart disease , lung disease , and drug use . Treatment of panic attacks should be directed at the underlying cause . In those with frequent attacks , counselling or medications may be used . Breathing training and muscle relaxation techniques may also help ." } ] }, { "value": "Chet Cannon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Salt Lake City , Utah", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chet has been described as a punk rock Mormon , a hipster and straight as an arrow , who eschews alcohol and premarital sex . He is a conservative Republican , ( one of two among the housemates , along with Scott ) , a University of Utah fraternity member with nine siblings , and an occasional prankster . He is an aspiring TV host , and his stated goal on the series is to show people that Mormons are fun . Chet becomes best friends with Ryan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punk_rock", "summary": "Punk rock ( or simply punk ) is a music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s . Rooted in 1960s garage rock , punk bands rejected the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock . They typically produced short , fast-paced songs with hard-edged melodies and singing styles , stripped-down instrumentation , and often political , anti-establishment lyrics . Punk embraces a DIY ethic ; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels . The term punk rock was first used by American rock critics in the early 1970s to describe 1960s garage bands and certain subsequent acts they perceived as stylistic inheritors . When the movement now bearing the name developed from 1974 to 1976 , acts such as Television , Patti Smith , and the Ramones in New York City ; the Sex Pistols , the Clash , and the Damned in London ; and the Saints in Brisbane formed its vanguard . As 1977 approached , punk became a major cultural phenomenon in the UK . It spawned a punk subculture expressing youthful rebellion through distinctive styles of clothing and adornment ( such as deliberately offensive T-shirts , leather jackets , studded or spiked bands and jewelry , safety pins , and bondage and S & M clothes ) and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies . In 1977 , the influence of the music and subculture became more pervasive , spreading worldwide , especially in England . It took root in a wide range of local scenes that often rejected affiliation with the mainstream . In the late 1970s , punk experienced a second wave as new acts that were not active during its formative years adopted the style . By the early 1980s , faster and more aggressive subgenres such as hardcore punk ( e.g ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mormon", "summary": "Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism , the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity , initiated by Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s . After Smith 's death in 1844 , the Mormons followed Brigham Young to what would become the Utah Territory . Today , most Mormons are understood to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Other Mormons may be independently religious , secular and non-practicing , or belong to another denomination . The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah , and North America has more Mormons than any other continent , though the majority of Mormons live outside the United States . Mormons have developed a strong sense of commonality that stems from their doctrine and history . During the 19th century , Mormon converts tended to gather to a central geographic location , and between 1852 and 1890 a minority of Mormons openly practiced plural marriage , a form of religious polygamy . Mormons dedicate large amounts of time and resources to serving in their church , and many young Mormons choose to serve a full-time proselytizing mission . Mormons have a health code which eschews alcoholic beverages , tobacco , hot drinks ( tea and coffee ) , and addictive substances . They tend to be very family-oriented and have strong connections across generations and with extended family , reflective of their belief that families can be sealed together beyond death . Mormons also have a strict law of chastity , requiring abstention from sexual relations outside heterosexual marriage and fidelity within marriage . Mormons self-identify as Christian , although some non-Mormons consider Mormons non-Christian and some of their beliefs differ from those of mainstream Christianity ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)", "summary": "The 21st century hipster is a subculture that emphasizes style , authenticity and uniqueness . Members of the subculture typically do not self-identify as hipsters , and the word hipster is often used as a pejorative for someone who is pretentious or overly trendy . Stereotypical elements include vintage clothes and other non-mainstream fashion , skinny jeans , checked shirts , an ironic moustache or full beard , and big glasses . The subculture is broadly associated with indie music and alternative . In America it is associated with affluent white ( European-American ) young adults living in gentrified urban areas . The term hipster in its present usage first appeared in the 1990s and became particularly prominent in the late 2000s and early 2010s , being derived from the earlier hipster movements of the 1940s ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)", "summary": "The Republican Party , also referred to as the GOP ( Grand Old Party ) , is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States ; the other is its historic rival , the Democratic Party . The GOP was founded in 1854 by opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act , which allowed for the potential expansion of slavery into certain U.S. territories . The party supported classical liberalism , opposed the expansion of slavery , and supported economic reform . Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president . Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress , slavery was banned in the United States in 1865 . The Party was generally dominant during the Third Party System and the Fourth Party System . After 1912 , the Party underwent an ideological shift to the right . Following the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the party 's core base shifted , with Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics . The party 's 21st-century base of support includes people living in rural areas , men , people without college degrees , the elderly , white Americans , and evangelical Christians . The 21st-century Republican Party ideology is American conservatism , which incorporates both economic policies and social values . The GOP supports lower taxes , free market capitalism , restrictions on immigration , increased military spending , gun rights , restrictions on abortion , deregulation and restrictions on labor unions . After the Supreme Court 's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade , the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform and grew its support among evangelicals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Utah", "summary": "The University of Utah ( U of U , UofU , or simply The U ) is a public research university in Salt Lake City , Utah . As the state 's flagship university , it offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs . The university is classified among Doctoral Universities - Very High Research Activity with selective , higher transfer-in admissions . Graduate studies include the S.J . Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine , Utah 's first medical school . As of Fall 2018 , there were 24,735 undergraduate students and 8,251 graduate students , for an enrollment total of 32,994 . The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret ( /ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ( listen ) ) by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret , making it Utah 's oldest institution of higher education . It received its current name in 1892 , four years before Utah attained statehood , and moved to its current location in 1900 . The university ranks 61st among U.S. universities by total research expenditures with over $ 380 million spent in 2017 . 22 Rhodes Scholars , four Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners , eight MacArthur Fellows , various Pulitzer Prize winners , two astronauts , Gates Cambridge Scholars , and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with the university as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . In addition , the university 's Honors College has been reviewed among 100 leading national Honors Colleges in the U.S . The university 's athletic teams , the Utes , participate in NCAA Division I athletics ( FBS for football ) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Devyn Simone", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kansas City , Missouri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri", "summary": "Kansas City ( abbreviated KC or KCMO ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had an estimated population of 491,918 in 2018 , making it the 38th most-populous city in the United States . It is the most populated municipality and historic core city of the Kansas City metropolitan area , which straddles the Kansas-Missouri state line and has a CSA population of 2,487,053 . Most of the city lies within Jackson County , but portions spill into Clay , Cass , and Platte counties . The city borders Johnson County and Kansas City , Kansas , ( KCK/Wyandotte County ) in Kansas . Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west . On June 1 , 1850 , the town of Kansas was incorporated ; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory . Confusion between the two ensued , and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon after . In 2017 , the city had the fifth-highest per capita murder rate in the nation with 2019 homicide rates nearing a record high . Sitting on Missouri 's western boundary with Kansas , with Downtown near the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers , the city encompasses some 319.03 square miles ( 826.3 km2 ) , making it the 23rd largest city by total area in the United States . Along with Independence , one of its major suburbs , it serves as one of the two county seats of Jackson County . Other major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Blue Springs and Lee 's Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park , Olathe , and Kansas City ." } ] }, { "value": "Devyn was Miss American Teen in 2005 , and a Miss Missouri Teen . She is a black woman who has been described as a flirtatious diva who likes attention at clubs and on stage , and a sexual person who likes to tease men , and juggle multiple suitors . She is a theatre and music studies major at the University of South Florida who hopes to work in the entertainment industry . She is close to her mother , and was close to her late grandmother", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_South_Florida", "summary": "The University of South Florida ( USF ) is a public research university in Tampa , Florida . It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1956 , USF is the fourth-largest public university in the state of Florida , with an enrollment of 50,755 as of the 2018-2019 academic year . The USF system has three institutions : USF Tampa , USF St. Petersburg and USF Sarasota-Manatee . Each institution is separately accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is home to 14 colleges , offering more than 80 undergraduate majors and more than 130 graduate , specialist , and doctoral-level degree programs . USF is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . In its 2011 ranking , the Intellectual Property Owners Association placed USF 10th among all universities worldwide in the number of US patents granted . The university has an annual budget of $ 1.5 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 3.7 billion . In a ranking compiled by the National Science Foundation , USF ranks 43rd in the United States for total research spending among all universities , public and private ." } ] }, { "value": "JD Ordoñez", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miami Beach , Florida", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida", "summary": "Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States . It was incorporated on March 26 , 1915 . The municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay , the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami . The neighborhood of South Beach , comprising the southernmost 2.5 square miles ( 6.5 km2 ) of Miami Beach , along with downtown Miami and the Port of Miami , collectively form the commercial center of South Florida . Miami Beach 's estimated population is 92,307 according to the most recent United States census estimates . Miami Beach is the 26th largest city in Florida based on official 2017 estimates from the US Census Bureau . It has been one of America 's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century . In 1979 , Miami Beach 's Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels , apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943 . Mediterranean , Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District . The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East , Lenox Court on the West , 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North . The movement to preserve the Art Deco District 's architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Baer Capitman , who now has a street in the District named in her honor ." } ] }, { "value": "JD is a half Cuban , half Puerto Rican gay man who , along with his brothers and sister , suffered violent physical abuse at the hands of his father , and lived on welfare . He ran away from home at thirteen , spending some time in foster care , and ensured that his father was repeatedly sent to jail for his abuse . He feels his experiences made him a stronger , independent person . The first among his four siblings to graduate from high school , he put himself through college at the University of Miami , and now works as a dolphin trainer , a dream job he first envisioned in a trip to SeaWorld at age five . A high school competitive swimmer , he became one of the youngest dolphin trainers at Miami Seaquarium at nineteen . He came out to his parents about his sexuality at sixteen , and because of this , he immediately bonds with Katelynn , who confides her transgender status only to him in the premiere", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cubans", "summary": "Cubans or Cuban people ( Spanish : Cubanos ) , are the inhabitants , citizens of Cuba and people born in Cuba . Cuba is a multi-ethnic nation , home to people of different ethnic and national backgrounds . As a result , some Cubans do not treat their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities and national origins comprising the Cuban people ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people", "summary": "Puerto Ricans ( Spanish : Puertorriqueños ; or boricuas ) are the people of Puerto Rico , the inhabitants , and citizens of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( a United States territory ) , and their descendants . Puerto Rico is home to people of many different national origins as well ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gay", "summary": "Gay is a term that primarily refers to a homosexual person or the trait of being homosexual . The term was originally used to mean carefree , cheerful , or bright and showy . The term 's use as a reference to homosexuality may date as early as the late 19th century , but its use gradually increased in the mid-20th century . In modern English , gay has come to be used as an adjective , and as a noun , referring to the community , practices and cultures associated with homosexuality . In the 1960s , gay became the word favored by homosexual men to describe their sexual orientation . By the end of the 20th century , the word gay was recommended by major LGBT groups and style guides to describe people attracted to members of the same sex . At about the same time , a new , pejorative use became prevalent in some parts of the world . Among younger speakers , the word has a meaning ranging from derision ( e.g. , equivalent to rubbish or stupid ) to a light-hearted mockery or ridicule ( e.g. , equivalent to weak , unmanly , or lame ) . In this use , the word rarely means homosexual , as it is often used , for example , to refer to an inanimate object or abstract concept of which one disapproves . The extent to which these usages still retain connotations of homosexuality has been debated and harshly criticized ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Social_welfare_provision", "summary": "Welfare is a type of government support for the citizens of that society . Welfare may be provided to people of any income level , as with social security ( and is then often called a social safety net ) , but it is usually intended to ensure that people can meet their basic human needs such as food and shelter . Welfare attempts to provide a minimal level of well-being , usually either a free- or a subsidized-supply of certain goods and social services , such as healthcare , education , and vocational training . A welfare state is a political system wherein the State assumes responsibility for the health , education , and welfare of society . The system of social security in a welfare state provides social services , such as universal medical care , unemployment insurance for workers , financial aid , free post-secondary education for students , subsidized public housing , and pensions ( sickness , incapacity , old-age ) , etc . In 1952 , with the Social Security ( Minimum Standards ) Convention ( nr . 102 ) , the International Labour Organization ( ILO ) formally defined the social contingencies covered by social security . The first welfare state was Imperial Germany ( 1871-1918 ) , where the Bismarck government introduced social security in 1889 . In the early 20th century , the United Kingdom introduced social security around 1913 , and adopted the welfare state with the National Insurance Act 1946 , during the Attlee government ( 1945-51 ) . In the countries of western Europe , Scandinavia , and Australasia , social welfare is mainly provided by the government out of the national tax revenues , and to a lesser extent by non-government organizations ( NGOs ) , and charities ( social and religious ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Miami", "summary": "The University of Miami ( informally referred to as UM , UMiami , U of M or The U ) is a private research university in Coral Gables , Florida . As of 2019 [ update ] , the university enrolls 17,811 students in 12 separate colleges/schools , including the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine in Miami 's Health District , a law school on the main campus , and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science focused on the study of oceanography and atmospheric sciences on Virginia Key , with research facilities at the Richmond Facility in southern Miami-Dade County . The university offers 132 undergraduate , 148 master 's , and 67 doctoral degree programs , of which 63 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study . Over the years , the university 's students have represented all 50 states and close to 150 foreign countries . With more than 16,000 full- and part-time faculty and staff , UM is a top 10 employer in Miami-Dade County . UM 's main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings . Research is a component of each academic division , with UM attracting $ 358.9 million in sponsored research grants in FY 2019 . UM offers a large library system with over 3.9 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage and music . UM also offers a wide range of student activities , including fraternities and sororities , a student newspaper and a radio station . UM 's intercollegiate athletic teams , collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes , compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . UM 's football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dolphin", "summary": "Dolphin is a common name of aquatic mammals within the infraorder Cetacea . The term dolphin usually refers to the extant families Delphinidae ( the oceanic dolphins ) , Platanistidae ( the Indian river dolphins ) , Iniidae ( the New World river dolphins ) , and Pontoporiidae ( the brackish dolphins ) , and the extinct Lipotidae ( baiji or Chinese river dolphin ) . There are 40 extant species named as dolphins . Dolphins range in size from the 1.7 m ( 5.6 ft ) long and 50 kg ( 110 lb ) Maui 's dolphin to the 9.5 m ( 31 ft ) and 10 t ( 11 short tons ) killer whale . Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism , in that the males are larger than females . They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers . Though not quite as flexible as seals , some dolphins can travel at 55.5 km/h ( 34.5 mph ) . Dolphins use their conical shaped teeth to capture fast moving prey . They have well-developed hearing which is adapted for both air and water and is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind . Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths . They have a layer of fat , or blubber , under the skin to keep warm in the cold water . Although dolphins are widespread , most species prefer the warmer waters of the tropic zones , but some , like the right whale dolphin , prefer colder climates ." }, { "url": "/wiki/SeaWorld_Orlando", "summary": "SeaWorld Orlando is a theme park and marine zoological park , in Orlando , Florida . It is owned and operated by SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment . When combined with its neighbor Discovery Cove and Aquatica , it forms SeaWorld Parks and Resorts Orlando , an entertainment complex consisting of the three parks and many hotels . In 2018 , SeaWorld Orlando hosted an estimated 4.594 million guests , ranking it the 10th most visited amusement park in the United States ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miami_Seaquarium", "summary": "The Miami Seaquarium is a 38-acre ( 15 ha ) oceanarium located on the island of Virginia Key in Biscayne Bay , Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States and is located near downtown Miami . Founded in 1955 , it is one of the oldest oceanariums in the United States . In addition to marine mammals , the Miami Seaquarium houses fish , sharks , sea turtles , birds , reptiles , and manatees . The park offers daily presentations and hosts overnight camps , events for boy scouts , and group programs . Over 500,000 people visit the facility annually . The park has around 225 employees , and its lease payments and taxes make it the third-largest contributor to Miami-Dade Countys revenue ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Coming_out", "summary": "Coming out of the closet , often shortened to coming out , is a metaphor for LGBT people 's self-disclosure of their sexual orientation or of their gender identity . The term coming out can also be used in various non-LGBT applications ( e.g . atheists ) . Framed and debated as a privacy issue , coming out of the closet is described and experienced variously as a psychological process or journey ; decision-making or risk-taking ; a strategy or plan ; a mass or public event ; a speech act and a matter of personal identity ; a rite of passage ; liberation or emancipation from oppression ; an ordeal ; a means toward feeling gay pride instead of shame and social stigma ; or even career suicide . Author Steven Seidman writes that it is the power of the closet to shape the core of an individual 's life that has made homosexuality into a significant personal , social , and political drama in twentieth-century America . Coming out of the closet is the source of other gay slang expressions related to voluntary disclosure or lack thereof . LGBT people who have already revealed or no longer conceal their sexual orientation or gender identity are out , i.e . openly LGBT . Oppositely , LGBT people who have yet to come out or have opted not to do so are labelled as closeted or being in the closet . Outing is the deliberate or accidental disclosure of an LGBT person 's sexual orientation or gender identity , without their consent . By extension , outing oneself is self-disclosure . Glass closet means the open secret of when public figures ' being LGBT is considered a widely accepted fact even though they have not officially come out ." } ] }, { "value": "Katelynn Cusanelli", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "West Palm Beach , Florida", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida", "summary": "West Palm Beach is a city in and the county seat of Palm Beach County , Florida , United States . It is located immediately to the west of the adjacent Palm Beach , which is situated on a barrier island across the Lake Worth Lagoon . The population was 99,919 at the 2010 census . West Palm Beach is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017 . It is the oldest incorporated municipality in the south Florida area , having been incorporated as a city two years before Miami in November 1894 . West Palm Beach is located approximately 68 miles ( 109 km ) north of Downtown Miami ." } ] }, { "value": "Katelynn , or Kat , is an Italian-American trans woman who had a rough childhood . She first realized her gender variance in high school and began living as a woman at 17 , which was difficult given her rigid , Sicilian family . She began her transition almost five years prior to moving into the Real World house , and completed her gender reassignment surgery in Thailand in July 2008 . She is a self-described computer geek , and holds a black belt in Tae Kwon Do . She has a boyfriend named Mike whom she hopes to marry . In the season premiere , she initially reveals her transgender status only to JD , though she eventually comes into conflict with him over this and other matters , and reveals her status to the others . She has lost three close friends to AIDS , which inspires her charity work", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italian-American", "summary": "Italian Americans ( Italian : italoamericani or italo-americani [ ˌitalo.ameriˈkaːni ] ) are citizens of the United States of America who are of Italian descent . Residing mainly in Northeastern and urban industrial Midwestern metropolitan areas , Italian Americans are the fifth largest self-identified ethnic group in the United States behind German Americans , Irish Americans , English Americans and Mexican Americans , though realistically the various Americans of British , Northwestern European , and Germanic ancestries that do not identify their ancestry in censuses or identify simply as American are much higher in number . About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004 . In 1870 , there were fewer than 25,000 Italian immigrants in America , many of them Northern Italian refugees from the wars that accompanied the Risorgimento - the struggle for Italian unification and independence from foreign rule which ended in 1871 . Immigration began to increase during the 1870s , when more than twice as many Italians immigrated ( 1870-79 : 46,296 ) than during the five previous decades combined ( 1820-69 : 22,627 ) . The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration , which occurred between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to the United States , the greatest number coming from Southern Italy ( namely Campania , Apulia , Basilicata , Calabria and Sicily ) , areas which were still largely rural and agricultural , and where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule , and an oppressive taxation system imposed after Italian unification in 1861 . This period of large-scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and , except for one year ( 1922 ) , never fully resumed . Further immigration was greatly limited by several laws Congress passed in the 1920s . Following the unification , the unitary Italian state initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South . After the American Civil War , which resulted in over a half million killed or wounded , immigrant workers were recruited from Italy and elsewhere to fill the labor shortage caused by the war . In the United States , most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in eastern cities , mining camps and farms . The descendants of the Italian immigrants gradually rose from a lower economic class in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Trans_woman", "summary": "A trans woman ( sometimes trans-woman or transwoman ) is a woman who was assigned male at birth . Trans women may experience gender dysphoria and may transition ; this process commonly includes hormone replacement therapy and sometimes sex reassignment surgery , which can bring immense relief and even resolve gender dysphoria entirely . Trans women may be heterosexual , bisexual , homosexual , asexual , or identify with other terms ( such as queer ) . The term transgender woman is not always interchangeable with transsexual woman , although the terms are often used interchangeably . Transgender is an umbrella term that includes different types of gender variant people ( including transsexual people ) . Trans women face significant discrimination in many areas of life ( transmisogyny , a subset of transphobia ) , including in employment and access to housing , and face physical and sexual violence and hate crimes , including from partners ; in the United States , discrimination is particularly severe towards trans women who are members of a racial minority , who often face the intersection of transphobia and racism ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gender_variant", "summary": "Gender variance , or gender nonconformity , is behavior or gender expression by an individual that does not match masculine or feminine gender norms . People who exhibit gender variance may be called gender variant , gender non-conforming , gender diverse , gender atypical or non-binary , and may be transgender or otherwise variant in their gender identity . In the case of transgender people , they may be perceived , or perceive themselves as , gender nonconforming before transitioning , but might not be perceived as such after transitioning . Some intersex people may also exhibit gender variance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sicily", "summary": "Sicily ( Italian : Sicilia [ siˈtʃiːlja ] ; Sicilian : Sicilia [ sɪˈʃiːlja ] ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy . It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana . Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea , south of the Italian Peninsula , from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina . Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna , the tallest active volcano in Europe , and one of the most active in the world , currently 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) high . The island has a typical Mediterranean climate . The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC . By around 750 BC , Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars . After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD , Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals , the Ostrogoths , the Byzantine Empire , and the Emirate of Sicily . The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily , which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen , the Capetian House of Anjou , Spain , and the House of Habsburg . It was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand , a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification , and a plebiscite . Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946 , 18 days before the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gender_reassignment_surgery", "summary": "Sex reassignment surgery ( SRS ) , also known as gender reassignment surgery ( GRS ) and several other names , is a surgical procedure ( or procedures ) by which a transgender person 's physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are altered to resemble that socially associated with their identified gender . It is part of a treatment for gender dysphoria in transgender people . Professional medical organizations have established Standards of Care that apply before someone can apply for and receive reassignment surgery , including psychological evaluation , and a period of real-life experience living in the desired gender . Feminization surgeries are surgeries that result in anatomy that is typically gendered female . These surgeries include vaginoplasty , feminizing augmentation mammoplasty , orchiectomy , facial feminization surgery , reduction thyrochondroplasty ( tracheal shave ) , and voice feminization surgery among others . Masculinization surgeries are surgeries that result in anatomy that is typically gendered male . These surgeries include chest masculinization surgery ( top surgery ) , metoidioplasty , phalloplasty , scrotoplasty , and hysterectomy . In addition to SRS , patients may need to follow a lifelong course of masculinizing or feminizing hormone replacement therapy ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Thailand", "summary": "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tae_Kwon_Do", "summary": "Taekwondo , Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do ( Korean 태권도/跆拳道 [ tʰɛ.k͈wʌn.do ] ( listen ) , English pronunciation /ˌtaɪkwɒnˈdoʊ/ , or /ˌtaɪˈkwɒndoʊ/ ) is a Korean martial art , characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks , jumping and spinning kicks , and fast kicking techniques . Taekwondo is a combative sport and was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as karate , Chinese martial arts , and indigenous Korean martial arts traditions such as Taekkyon , Subak , and Gwonbeop . The oldest governing body for Taekwondo is the Korea Taekwondo Association ( KTA ) , formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original kwans , or martial arts schools , in Korea . The main international organisational bodies for Taekwondo today are the International Taekwon-Do Federation ( ITF ) , founded by Choi Hong Hi in 1966 , and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo ( WT , formerly WTF ) , founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association . Gyeorugi ( [ kjʌɾuɡi ] ) , a type of full-contact sparring , has been an Olympic event since 2000 . The governing body for Taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo ." }, { "url": "/wiki/AIDS", "summary": "Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . Following initial infection a person may not notice any symptoms , or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness . Typically , this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms . If the infection progresses , it interferes more with the immune system , increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis , as well as other opportunistic infections , and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function . These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss . HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex ( including anal and oral sex ) , contaminated blood transfusions , hypodermic needles , and from mother to child during pregnancy , delivery , or breastfeeding . Some bodily fluids , such as saliva , sweat and tears , do not transmit the virus . HIV is a member of the group of viruses known as retroviruses . Methods of prevention include safe sex , needle exchange programs , treating those who are infected , pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis , and male circumcision . Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication . There is no cure or vaccine ; however , antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy ." } ] }, { "value": "Ryan Conklin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryan_A._Conklin", "summary": "Ryan Allen Conklin ( born April 1 , 1985 ) is a former Sergeant in the United States Army , known as a cast member on the MTV reality television series , The Real World : Brooklyn , and star of The Real World Presents : Return to Duty , a 2009 documentary that chronicled his second tour of duty serving as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom , and author of the Iraq War memoir , An Angel From Hell ." } ] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gettysburg , Pennsylvania", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gettysburg,_Pennsylvania", "summary": "Gettysburg ( locally /ˈɡɛtɪsbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; non-locally /ˈɡɛtizbɜːrɡ/ ) is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania . The Battle of Gettysburg ( 1863 ) and President Abraham Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address are named for this town . The town hosts visitors to the Gettysburg National Battlefield in the Gettysburg National Military Park . As of the 2010 census , the borough had a population of 7,620 people ." } ] }, { "value": "Ryan was in the Army for three and a half years , having been inspired by the September 11 Attacks to enlist at the age of 17 . He spent a year in Iraq , guarded Saddam Hussein at his trial , and suffered a number of near-death experiences . He suffers from knee problems and posttraumatic stress as a result of his tour of duty . He expresses these experiences through his guitar playing , and in a 300-page single-space typed journal . He is described by The Brooklyn Paper as the fun one in the premiere . His experiences in Iraq made him highly critical of the war 's execution , and hopes a victory for Barack Obama in the 2008 Presidential Election will preclude his being recalled to Iraq . He is an aspiring filmmaker who hopes to study at the University of Pittsburgh , and a class clown who plays pranks . He has a girlfriend named Belle . His brother Aaron is a military police officer in the Army Reserves , and they have two cousins in the Army as well . He learns in Episode 11 that he is being recalled to active duty", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." }, { "url": "/wiki/September_11_Attacks", "summary": "The September 11 attacks ( also referred to as 9/11 ) [ a ] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday , September 11 , 2001 . The attacks resulted in 2,977 victim fatalities , over 25,000 injuries , and caused at least $ 10 billion in infrastructure and property damage . Additional people have died of 9/11-related cancer and respiratory diseases in the months and years following the attacks . Four passenger airliners operated by two major U.S. passenger air carriers ( United Airlines and American Airlines ) - all of which departed from airports in the northeastern United States bound for San Francisco and Los Angeles - were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists . Two of the planes , American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 , were crashed into the North and South towers , respectively , of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan . Within an hour and 42 minutes , both 110-story towers collapsed . Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex , including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower , as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures . A third plane , American Airlines Flight 77 , was crashed into the Pentagon ( the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense ) in Arlington County , Virginia , which led to a partial collapse of the building 's west side . The fourth plane , United Airlines Flight 93 , was initially flown toward Washington , D.C. , but crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania , after its passengers thwarted the hijackers . 9/11 is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States , with 343 and 72 killed , respectively . Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda . The United States responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban , which had failed to comply with U.S. demands to extradite Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Iraq", "summary": "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Saddam_Hussein", "summary": "Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( /hʊˈseɪn/ ; Arabic : صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī ; [ a ] 28 April 1937 [ b ] - 30 December 2006 ) was the fifth President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003 . A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party , and later , the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party - which espoused Ba'athism , a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism - Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup ( later referred to as the 17 July Revolution ) that brought the party to power in Iraq . As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government , Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflicts between the government and the armed forces . In the early 1970s , Saddam nationalized oil and foreign banks leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran-Iraq War , the Gulf War , and UN sanctions . Through the 1970s , Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatus of government as oil money helped Iraq 's economy to grow at a rapid pace . Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs , a minority that made up only a fifth of the population . Saddam formally rose to power in 1979 , although he had already been the de facto head of Iraq for several years . He suppressed several movements , particularly Shi ' a and Kurdish movements which sought to overthrow the government or gain independence , respectively , and maintained power during the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War . Whereas some in the Arab world lauded Saddam for opposing the United States and attacking Israel , he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship . The total number of Iraqis killed by the security services of Saddam 's government in various purges and genocides is conservatively estimated to be 250,000 . Saddam 's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths . In 2003 , a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam , in which U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair erroneously accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein", "summary": "The trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office . The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal ( IST ) , consisting of five Iraqi judges , on 9 December 2003 , to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes , crimes against humanity , and genocide . Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003 . He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad , along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials . Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran-Iraq War , against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts , and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982 , during the Iran-Iraq War . Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown , and was still the president of Iraq . The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005 . At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party ( see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein ) . A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006 , trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq . On 5 November 2006 , Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging . On 26 December , Saddam 's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld . No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder", "summary": "Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) [ note 1 ] is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event , such as sexual assault , warfare , traffic collisions , child abuse , or other threats on a person 's life . Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts , feelings , or dreams related to the events , mental or physical distress to trauma-related cues , attempts to avoid trauma-related cues , alterations in how a person thinks and feels , and an increase in the fight-or-flight response . These symptoms last for more than a month after the event . Young children are less likely to show distress , but instead may express their memories through play . A person with PTSD is at a higher risk for suicide and intentional self-harm . Most people who experience traumatic events do not develop PTSD . People who experience interpersonal trauma such as rape or child abuse are more likely to develop PTSD as compared to people who experience non-assault based trauma , such as accidents and natural disasters . About half of people develop PTSD following rape . Children are less likely than adults to develop PTSD after trauma , especially if they are under 10 years of age . Diagnosis is based on the presence of specific symptoms following a traumatic event . Prevention may be possible when counselling is targeted at those with early symptoms but is not effective when provided to all trauma-exposed individuals whether or not symptoms are present . The main treatments for people with PTSD are counselling ( psychotherapy ) and medication ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Barack_Obama", "summary": "Barack Hussein Obama II ( /bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/ ( listen ) ; born August 4 , 1961 ) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he was the first African-American president of the United States . He previously served as a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004 . Obama was born in Honolulu , Hawaii . After graduating from Columbia University in 1983 , he worked as a community organizer in Chicago . In 1988 , he enrolled in Harvard Law School , where he was the first black person to head the Harvard Law Review . After graduating , he became a civil rights attorney and an academic , teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004 . Turning to elective politics , he represented the 13th district from 1997 until 2004 in the Illinois Senate , when he ran for the U.S. Senate . Obama received national attention in 2004 with his March Senate-primary win , his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address , and his landslide November election to the Senate . In 2008 , he was nominated for president a year after his presidential campaign began , and after close primary campaigns against Hillary Clinton . Obama was elected over Republican John McCain and was inaugurated on January 20 , 2009 . Nine months later , he was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate ." }, { "url": "/wiki/2008_United_States_Presidential_Election", "summary": "The 2008 United States presidential election was the 56th quadrennial presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 4 , 2008 . The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama , the junior U.S . Senator from Illinois , and Joe Biden , the senior U.S . Senator from Delaware , defeated the Republican ticket of John McCain , the senior Senator from Arizona , and Sarah Palin , the Governor of Alaska . Obama became the first African American ever to be elected to the presidency . Incumbent Republican President George W. Bush was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment . As neither Bush nor Vice President Dick Cheney sought the presidency , the 2008 election was the first election since 1952 in which neither major party 's presidential nominee was the incumbent president or the incumbent vice president . McCain secured the Republican nomination by March 2008 , defeating Mitt Romney , Mike Huckabee , and other challengers . The Democratic primaries were marked by a sharp contest between Obama and the initial front-runner , Senator Hillary Clinton . Clinton 's victory in the New Hampshire primary made her the first woman to win a major party 's presidential primary . [ nb 1 ] After a long primary season , Obama clinched the Democratic nomination in June 2008 . Early campaigning focused heavily on the Iraq War and Bush 's unpopularity ." }, { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh", "summary": "The University of Pittsburgh ( Pitt ) is a state-related research university in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Pitt was founded as the Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on the edge of the American frontier . It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819 . After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area , the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city ; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908 . Pitt was a private institution until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education . The university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus , home to the university 's central administration and 28,391 undergraduate , graduate , and professional students . The university also includes four undergraduate schools located at campuses within Western Pennsylvania : Bradford , Greensburg , Johnstown , and Titusville . The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District , most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece , the Cathedral of Learning . The campus is situated adjacent to the flagship medical facilities of its closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ( UPMC ) , as well as the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh , Schenley Park , and Carnegie Mellon University . The university has an annual operating budget of approximately $ 2 billion . This includes nearly $ 940 million in research and development expenditures as of 2017 , the 16th-highest in the nation . A member of the Association of American Universities , Pitt is the third-largest recipient of federally sponsored health research funding among U.S. universities in 2018 and it is a major recipient of research funding from the National Institutes of Health ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Military_police_officer", "summary": "Military police ( MP ) are law enforcement agencies connected with , or part of , the military of a state . In different countries it may refer to :" }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserves", "summary": "The United States Army Reserve ( USAR ) is a reserve force of the United States Army . Together , the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the Army element of the Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces . Since June 2016 , the commanding general of the Army Reserve is Lieutenant General Charles D. Luckey became the 33rd Chief of Army Reserve , and Commanding General , United States Army Reserve Command ( USARC ) . The senior enlisted leader of the Army Reserve is Command Sergeant Major Ted L. Copeland ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarah Rice", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Francisco , California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Francisco", "summary": "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ." }, { "url": "/wiki/California", "summary": "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarah is an artist who suffered sexual abuse by a teacher and inappropriate behavior by her father , whom she has tried unsuccessfully to have imprisoned , and to whom she has not spoken for eight years , a silence that is broken when he calls her in Episode 4 . She has dedicated herself to advocate for survivors of abuse as an art therapist . She hopes to show her art in a gallery , and recently began a relationship with a man to whom her mother introduced her , one of her first heterosexual relationships , as most of her prior ones were with women , though she prefers not to label her sexual orientation . Sarah , whose appearance is described to be that of a tattooed punk , is observed by The Brooklyn Paper to be the only cast member with an interest in anyone else on a deeper level in the premiere , as contrasted with the gossip-like focus of the other castmates ' discussions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Art_therapist", "summary": "Art therapy ( not to be confused with arts therapy which includes other creative therapies such as drama therapy and music therapy ) is a distinct discipline that incorporates creative methods of expression through visual art media . Art therapy , as a creative arts therapy profession , originated in the fields of art and psychotherapy and may vary in definition . Art therapy may focus on the creative art-making process itself , as therapy , or on the analysis of expression gained through an exchange of patient and therapist interaction . The psychoanalytic approach was one of the earliest forms of art psychotherapy . This approach employs the transference process between the therapist and the client who makes art . The therapist interprets the client 's symbolic self-expression as communicated in the art and elicits interpretations from the client . :1 Analysis of transference is no longer always a component . Art therapy can be used to help people improve cognitive and sensory motor function , self-esteem , self awareness , emotional resilience . It may also aide in resolving conflicts and reduce distress . Current art therapy includes a vast number of other approaches such as person-centered , cognitive , behavior , Gestalt , narrative , Adlerian , and family . The tenets of art therapy involve humanism , creativity , reconciling emotional conflicts , fostering self-awareness , and personal growth ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sexual_orientation", "summary": "Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction ( or a combination of these ) to persons of the opposite sex or gender , the same sex or gender , or to both sexes or more than one gender . These attractions are generally subsumed under heterosexuality , homosexuality , and bisexuality , while asexuality ( the lack of sexual attraction to others ) is sometimes identified as the fourth category . These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology . For example , people may use other labels , such as pansexual or polysexual , or none at all . According to the American Psychological Association , sexual orientation also refers to a person 's sense of identity based on those attractions , related behaviors , and membership in a community of others who share those attractions . Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization . Androphilia describes sexual attraction to masculinity ; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to femininity . The term sexual preference largely overlaps with sexual orientation , but is generally distinguished in psychological research . A person who identifies as bisexual , for example , may sexually prefer one sex over the other . Sexual preference may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice , whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice . Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation , but they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic , hormonal , and environmental influences . Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support , scientists favor biologically-based theories ." } ] }, { "value": "Scott Herman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Salem , New Hampshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salem,_New_Hampshire", "summary": "Salem is a town in Rockingham County , New Hampshire , United States . The population was 28,776 at the 2010 census . Being located on Interstate 93 as the first town in New Hampshire , which lacks any state sales tax , Salem has grown into a commercial hub , anchored by the Mall at Rockingham Park . Other major sites include the Canobie Lake Park , a large amusement park , and America 's Stonehenge , a stone structure of disputed origins . It is the former home of Rockingham Park , a horse racetrack . The Sununu political family hails from Salem , including former New Hampshire governor and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu , and his sons John E. Sununu , a former U.S. senator , and Chris Sununu , current New Hampshire governor ." } ] }, { "value": "Scott is a personal trainer , model and actor who has been working out since the age of 14 . He recently received the designation of having the best abs on the East Coast , and was featured in Men 's Health magazine . The first in his family to graduate from college , he educates the public on health and fitness with his website . Along with Chet , he is one of two Republicans in the house", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abdominals", "summary": "The abdomen ( colloquially called the belly , tummy or midriff ) is the part of the body between the thorax ( chest ) and pelvis , in humans and in other vertebrates . The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the trunk . The region occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal cavity . In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body ; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax . In humans , the abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim . The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint ( the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1 ) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet . The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity . The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Men's_Health_(magazine)", "summary": "Men 's Health ( MH ) , published by Hearst , is the world 's largest men 's magazine brand , with 35 editions in 59 countries . It is also the best-selling men 's magazine on U.S. newsstands . Although originally started as a men 's health magazine , it currently covers various men 's lifestyle topics such as fitness , nutrition , fashion , and sexuality . The magazine 's website , MensHealth.com , averages over 118 million page views a month ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Cast", "section_text": "This was the first season of Real World to feature a cast of eight roommates living together . The cast included a trans woman , Katelynn Cusanelli , a first for the series . [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The cast was photographed publicly for the first time at a Semi Precious Weapons New York Fashion Week party at the Manhattan club Rebel in early September 2008 .", "uid": "The_Real_World:_Brooklyn_0", "intro": "The Real World: Brooklyn is the twenty-first season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fourth season of The Real World to be filmed in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, specifically in New York City after The Real World: Back to New York. The season featured eight people who lived on Pier 41 in Red Hook. Although it is the only season to set in the borough of Brooklyn, it is also the third season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season, as the show's first and tenth seasons were set in New York in 1992 and 2001. The season was aired as 13 one-hour episodes. MTV announced the location in May 2008. Filming began August 14, 2008, and concluded November 24, 2008. The series premiered January 7, 2009, and garnered an 18% increase in ratings over the previous season with 2.3 million viewers. The premiere was made available on iTunes on January 8. On January 4, MTV aired a special called The Real World: Secrets Revealed that documents the evolution of the series over the years. Prior to the beginning of the season Jon Murray, co-creator of The Real World, and Chairman and President of Bunim-Murray Productions, explained the choice of Brooklyn: The Brooklyn season, like the Hollywood season, will focus on what people loved about 'The Real World' when it launched in 1992 - genuine people, meaningful conflict and powerful stories.We're thrilled that MTV is allowing 'The Real World' turn 21! Cast member Chet Cannon remarked on the city that was his home for three months, Brooklyn is usually spoken of as more a place where you dont want to go - I just dont want to get shot down here." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa", "title": "List of ethnic groups of Africa", "header": [ "Name", "Family", "Language", "Region", "Country", "Population ( million )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Afrikaner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Afrikaner", "summary": "Afrikaners ( Afrikaans : [ afrəˈkɑːnərs , afri- ] ) are a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th and 18th centuries . They traditionally dominated South Africa 's politics and commercial agricultural sector prior to 1994 . Afrikaans , South Africa 's third most widely spoken home language , evolved as the mother tongue of Afrikaners and most Cape Coloureds . It originated from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland , incorporating words brought from the Dutch East Indies ( now Indonesia ) and Madagascar by slaves . Afrikaners make up approximately 5.2% of the total South African population based on the number of white South Africans who speak Afrikaans as a first language in the South African National Census of 2011 . The arrival of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama at Calicut in 1498 opened a gateway of free access to Asia from Western Europe around the Cape of Good Hope ; however , it also necessitated the founding and safeguarding of trade stations in the East . The Portuguese landed in Mossel Bay in 1500 , explored Table Bay two years later , and by 1510 had started raiding inland . Shortly afterwards the Dutch Republic sent merchant vessels to India , and in 1602 founded the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie ( Dutch East India Company ; VOC ) . As the volume of traffic rounding the Cape increased , the Company recognised its natural harbour as an ideal watering point for the long voyage around Africa to the Orient and established a victualling station there in 1652 . VOC officials did not favour the permanent settlement of Europeans in their trading empire , although during the 140 years of Dutch rule many VOC servants retired or were discharged and remained as private citizens . Furthermore , the exigencies of supplying local garrisons and passing fleets compelled the administration to confer free status upon employees and oblige them to become independent farmers . Encouraged by the success of this experiment , the Company extended free passage from 1685 to 1707 for Hollanders wishing to settle at the Cape ." } ] }, { "value": "Indo-European", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Afrikaans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Afrikaans", "summary": "Afrikaans ( UK : /ˌæfrɪˈkɑːns/ , US : /ˌɑːf-/ ) is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa , Namibia and , to a lesser extent , Botswana and Zimbabwe . It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of Holland ( Hollandic dialect ) spoken by the largely Dutch settlers ( and then by the native Africans who associated with them ) in the south-west of what is now South Africa , where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century . Hence , it is a daughter language of Dutch . Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages , including German and the Khoisan languages , an estimated 90 to 95% of the vocabulary of Afrikaans is of Dutch origin . [ note 1 ] Therefore , differences with Dutch often lie in the more analytic-type morphology and grammar of Afrikaans , and a spelling that expresses Afrikaans pronunciation rather than standard Dutch . There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages - especially in written form . With about 7 million native speakers in South Africa , or 13.5% of the population , it is the third-most-spoken language in the country . Estimates of the total number of Afrikaans speakers range between 15 and 23 million . [ note 2 ] It has the widest geographical and racial distribution of all the 11 official languages of South Africa , and is widely spoken and understood as a second or third language . [ note 3 ] It is the majority language of the western half of South Africa - the provinces of the Northern Cape and Western Cape - and the first language of 75.8% of Coloured South Africans ( 4.8 million people ) , 60.8% of White South Africans ( 2.7 million ) ; 4.6% of Asian South Africans ( 58,000 people ) , and 1.5% of Black South Africans ( 600,000 people ) ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Africa , Namibia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bemba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bemba_people", "summary": "The Bemba ( or BaBemba using the Ba- prefix to mean 'people of ' , and also called Awemba or BaWemba in the past ) belong to a large group of Bantu peoples mainly in the Northern , Luapula , Muchinga and Copperbelt Provinces of Zambia who trace their origins to the Luba and Lunda states of the upper Congo basin called Kola , in what became Katanga Province in southern Congo-Kinshasa ( DRC ) entered now Zambia through crossing the Luapula River at Chipya in the Senior Chief Matanda 's Chiefdom in Mansa _Luapula Province and that Chief Matanda ( Mwata Matanda ) and his Ushi people were the first to come into Zambia by the year 1328 from Kola . They are one of the larger ethnic group in Zambia . ( A few other tribes in the Northern , Luapula and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia speak languages that are similar to Bemba but are not the same ( E.g . Lamba , Mambwe , Bisa etc. ) . Bemba history is a major historical phenomenon in the development of chieftainship in a large and culturally homogeneous region of central Africa . The Bemba are those who consider themselves subjects of the Chitimukulu , the Bemba 's single paramount chief . They lived in villages of 100 to 200 people and numbered 250,000 strong in 1963 . There are over 30 Bemba clans , named after animals or natural organisms , such as the royal clan , the people of the crocodile ( Bena Ng'andu ) or the Bena Bowa ( Mushroom Clan ) . They were the people who finally put a halt to the northward march of the Nguni and Sotho-Tswana descended Ngoni people , through Chief Chileshe Chitapankwa Muluba . The BaShimba Leopard Clan or bena Ngo living among the Bemba people are part of the Basimba people now living in Tanzania , Uganda and the DR Congo . In contemporary Zambia , the word Bemba originally meant great expanse like the sea , the name the Luba descended tribe called itself after conquering large expanse of land in what is now northern Zambia . Today the meaning has been altered to mean several meanings ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bemba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bemba_language", "summary": "The Bemba language , ChiBemba ( also Cibemba , Ichibemba , Icibemba and Chiwemba ) , is a Bantu language spoken primarily in north-eastern Zambia by the Bemba people and as a lingua franca by about 18 related ethnic groups , including the Bisa people of Mpika and Lake Bangweulu , and to a lesser extent in Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Tanzania , and Botswana . Including all its dialects , Bemba is the most spoken indigenous Bantu language and a lingua franca in Zambia where the Bemba form the largest ethnic group . The Lamba language is closely related and some people consider it a dialect of Bemba ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zambia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5.0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cape Coloured", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cape_Coloured", "summary": "In Southern Africa , Cape Coloureds ( Afrikaans : Kaapse Kleurling ) are an ethnic group composed primarily of persons of mixed race . Although Cape Coloureds form a minority group within South Africa , they are the predominant population group in the Western Cape . They are generally bilingual , speaking Afrikaans and English , though some speak only one of these . Some Cape Coloureds may code switch , speaking a patois of Afrikaans and English called Kaapse Afrikaans also known as Cape Slang ( Capy ) or Kombuis Afrikaans , meaning Kitchen Afrikaans . Cape Coloureds were defined under the apartheid regime as a subset of the larger Coloured race group . At least one genetic study indicates that Cape Coloureds have an ancestry consisting of the following ethnic groups :" } ] }, { "value": "Indo-European", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Afrikaans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Afrikaans", "summary": "Afrikaans ( UK : /ˌæfrɪˈkɑːns/ , US : /ˌɑːf-/ ) is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa , Namibia and , to a lesser extent , Botswana and Zimbabwe . It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of Holland ( Hollandic dialect ) spoken by the largely Dutch settlers ( and then by the native Africans who associated with them ) in the south-west of what is now South Africa , where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century . Hence , it is a daughter language of Dutch . Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages , including German and the Khoisan languages , an estimated 90 to 95% of the vocabulary of Afrikaans is of Dutch origin . [ note 1 ] Therefore , differences with Dutch often lie in the more analytic-type morphology and grammar of Afrikaans , and a spelling that expresses Afrikaans pronunciation rather than standard Dutch . There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages - especially in written form . With about 7 million native speakers in South Africa , or 13.5% of the population , it is the third-most-spoken language in the country . Estimates of the total number of Afrikaans speakers range between 15 and 23 million . [ note 2 ] It has the widest geographical and racial distribution of all the 11 official languages of South Africa , and is widely spoken and understood as a second or third language . [ note 3 ] It is the majority language of the western half of South Africa - the provinces of the Northern Cape and Western Cape - and the first language of 75.8% of Coloured South Africans ( 4.8 million people ) , 60.8% of White South Africans ( 2.7 million ) ; 4.6% of Asian South Africans ( 58,000 people ) , and 1.5% of Black South Africans ( 600,000 people ) ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Africa", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4.7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Herero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Herero_people", "summary": "The Herero , also known as Ovaherero , are an ethnic group inhabiting parts of Southern Africa . The majority reside in Namibia , with the remainder found in Botswana and Angola . There were an estimated 250,000 Herero people in Namibia in 2013 . They speak Otjiherero , a Bantu language ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Herero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Herero_language", "summary": "Herero ( English : /hɛˈrɛəroʊ/ , Otjiherero ) is a language of the Bantu subfamily of the Niger-Congo group . It is spoken by the Herero and Mbanderu peoples in Namibia and Botswana , as well as a small communities of people in southwestern Angola . There were 211,700 speakers in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Namibia , Botswana , Angola", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Himba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Himba_people", "summary": "The Himba ( singular : OmuHimba , plural : OvaHimba ) are indigenous peoples with an estimated population of about 50,000 people living in northern Namibia , in the Kunene Region ( formerly Kaokoland ) and on the other side of the Kunene River in southern Angola . There are also a few groups left of the OvaTwa , who are also OvaHimba , but are hunter-gatherers . However , the OvaHimba do not like to be associated with OvaTwa . [ citation needed ] Culturally distinguishable from the Herero people , the OvaHimba are a semi-nomadic , pastoralist people and speak OtjiHimba , a variety of Herero , which belongs to the Bantu family within Niger-Congo . The OvaHimba are considered the last ( semi- ) nomadic people of Namibia ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Otjihimbo ( Herero dialect )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Herero_language", "summary": "Herero ( English : /hɛˈrɛəroʊ/ , Otjiherero ) is a language of the Bantu subfamily of the Niger-Congo group . It is spoken by the Herero and Mbanderu peoples in Namibia and Botswana , as well as a small communities of people in southwestern Angola . There were 211,700 speakers in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Namibia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.05", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Goffal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Goffal", "summary": "Goffal or Goffels is a term applied to Coloureds , or persons of mixed race claiming both European and African descent , in Malawi , Zambia , and Zimbabwe . The community includes many diverse constituents of Shona , Northern Ndebele , Bemba , Chewa , British , Afrikaner , and occasionally Indian descent . It is not clear when the term Goffal first entered common usage , but among Coloureds themselves it had surfaced by the mid- to late 1970s . The nation with the largest Goffal population is Zimbabwe , where approximately 18,000 still reside . Their precise numbers are difficult to ascertain , due to the fact that some identify exclusively as members of other ethnic groups ." } ] }, { "value": "Indo-European", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwean English", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_the_English_language", "summary": "Dialects are linguistic varieties which may differ in pronunciation , vocabulary , spelling and grammar . For the classification of varieties of English in terms of pronunciation only , see Regional accents of English . Dialects can be defined as sub-forms of languages which are , in general , mutually comprehensible . English speakers from different countries and regions use a variety of different accents ( systems of pronunciation ) , as well as various localized words and grammatical constructions ; many different dialects can be identified based on these factors . Dialects can be classified at broader or narrower levels : within a broad national or regional dialect , various more localized sub-dialects can be identified , and so on . The combination of differences in pronunciation and use of local words may make some English dialects almost unintelligible to speakers from other regions . The major native dialects of English are often divided by linguists into three general categories : the British Isles dialects , those of North America , and those of Australasia . Dialects can be associated not only with place , but also with particular social groups . Within a given English-speaking country , there will often be a form of the language considered to be Standard English - the Standard Englishes of different countries differ , and can themselves be considered dialects . Standard English is often associated with the more educated layers of society , as well as more formal registers . British and American English are the reference norms for English as spoken , written , and taught in the rest of the world , excluding countries where English is spoken natively such as Australia , Canada , Ireland and New Zealand . In many former British Empire countries where English is not spoken natively , British English forms are closely followed , alongside numerous AmE usages which have become widespread throughout the English-speaking world ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kalanga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kalanga_people", "summary": "The Kalanga , or BaKalanga , are a southern Bantu ethnic group mainly inhabiting Matabeleland in Zimbabwe , with smaller numbers in northeastern Botswana and Limpopo Province in South Africa ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shona_language", "summary": "Shona /ˈʃoʊnə/ ( chiShona ) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe . It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages . The larger group of historically related languages ( called Shona languages by linguists ) also includes Ndau ( Eastern Shona ) and Karanga ( Western Shona ) , but speakers of those languages prefer their distinct identities and usually reject any connection to the term Shona ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwe , Botswana", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Khoikhoi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khoikhoi", "summary": "The Khoekhoe [ a ] ( or in the obsolete orthography Khoikhoi , from Khoekhoegowab Khoekhoen [ kxʰoekxʰoen ] ; formerly also Hottentots ) are the traditionally nomadic pastoralist indigenous population of southwestern Africa . They are grouped with the hunter-gatherer San ( literally Foragers ) peoples . The designation Khoekhoe is actually a kare or praise address , not an ethnic endonym , but it has been used in the literature as an ethnic term for Khoe-speaking peoples of Southern Africa , particularly pastoralist groups , such as the ! Ora , ! Gona , Nama , Xiri and ǂNūkhoe nations . While it is clear that the presence of Khoekhoen in southern Africa predates the Bantu expansion , it is not certain by how much ( possibly in the Late Stone Age ) . Khoekhoen maintained large herds of Nguni cattle in the Cape region at the time of VOC colonisation in the 17th century . Their nomadic pastoralism was mostly discontinued in the 19th to 20th century . Their Khoekhoe language is related to certain dialects spoken by foraging San peoples of the Kalahari , such as the Khwe and Tshwa , forming the Khoe language family . The main Khoekhoe subdivisions today are the Nama people of Namibia , Botswana and South Africa ( with numerous clans ) , the ǂNūkhoen ( so-called Damara or Daman ) of Namibia , the ! Orana clans of South Africa ( such as ǀHõakhoena or AmaNgqosini ) , the Xirikua or Griekwa nation of South Africa , and the AmaGqunukhwebe or ! Gona clans which fall under the Xhosa-speaking polities . The Xirikua clans ( Griqua ) developed their own ethnic identity in the 19th century and settled in Griqualand . They are related to the same kinds of clan formations as the Rehoboth Basters , who could also be considered a Khoekhoe people ." } ] }, { "value": "Khoisan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Khoekhoegowab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khoekhoe_language", "summary": "The Khoekhoe language ( /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/ ; Khoekhoegowab ) , also known by the ethnic term Nama /ˈnɑːmə/ and formerly as Hottentot , is the most widespread of the non-Bantu languages of southern Africa that contain click sounds and have therefore been loosely classified as Khoisan . It belongs to the Khoe language family , and is spoken in Namibia , Botswana , and South Africa by three ethnic groups , the Nama , Damara , and Haiǁom . It appears that the Damara picked up the language along with the Nama in Botswana , and that they migrated to Namibia separately from the Nama . [ citation needed ] The Haiǁom , who had spoken a Juu language , later shifted to Khoekhoe . The name for Nama speakers , Khoekhoen , is from the Nama word khoe person , with reduplication and the suffix -n to indicate the plural . [ citation needed ] Georg Friedrich Wreede was the first European to study the language , after arriving in Cape Town in 1659 . [ citation needed ] Khoekhoe is a national language in Namibia , where it is used for teaching up to the university level as well as in the public administration . [ citation needed ] In Namibia and South Africa , state-owned broadcasting corporations produce and broadcast radio programmes in Khoekhoegowab ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lemba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lemba_people", "summary": "The Lemba , wa-Remba , or Mwenye are a Bantu ethnic group native to Zimbabwe and South Africa , with smaller , little-known branches in Mozambique and Malawi . According to Tudor Parfitt , Professor of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London , in 2002 they numbered an estimated 50,000 . They speak the Bantu languages spoken by their geographic neighbours and resemble them physically , but they have some religious practices and beliefs similar to those in Judaism and Islam , which they say were transmitted by oral tradition . The name Lemba may originate in chilemba , a Swahili word for turbans worn by some Bantu peoples , or lembi , a Bantu word meaning non-African or respected foreigner . Magdel le Roux says that the name VaRemba may be translated as the people who refuse - probably in the context of not eating with others ( according to one of her interviewees ) . In Zimbabwe and South Africa , the people prefer the name Mwenye . Since the late twentieth century , there has been increased media and scholarly attention to the Lemba 's claim of common descent to the Jewish people . Genetic Y-DNA analyses in the 2000s have established a partially Middle-Eastern origin for a portion of the male Lemba population . More recent research argues that DNA studies do not support claims for a specifically Jewish genetic heritage ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Venda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Venda_language", "summary": "Venda or Tshivenda , also known as Tshivenḓa or Luvenḓa , is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa . It is mainly spoken by the Venda people in the northern part of South Africa 's Limpopo Province , as well as by some Lemba people in Zimbabwe . The Venda language is related to Kalanga , which is spoken in Zimbabwe and Botswana . During the apartheid era of South Africa , the bantustan of Venda was set up to cover the Venda speakers of South Africa . According to the 2011 census , Venda speakers are concentrated in the following areas : Makhado Local Municipality , with 350,000 people ; Thulamela Local Municipality , with 370,000 people ; Musina Local Municipality , with 35,000 people ; and Mutale Local Municipality , with 89,000 people . The total number of speakers in Vhembe district currently stands at 844,000 . In Gauteng province , there are 275,000 Venda speakers . Fewer than 10,000 are spread across the rest of the country - for a total number of Venda speakers in South Africa at 1.2 million people or just 2.2% of South Africa 's population , making Venda speakers the second smallest minority language in South Africa , after the Ndebele language , which number 1.1 million speakers ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwe , South Africa , Malawi , Mozambique", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.05", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Makua", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Makua_(people)", "summary": "The Makua people , also known as Makhuwa , are a southeastern African ethnic group predominantly found in north Mozambique and southern border provinces of Tanzania such as the Mtwara Region . They are the largest ethnic group in Mozambique , and primarily concentrated in a large region to the north of the Zambezi River . They are studied by sociologists in four geographical and linguistic sub-divisions : the lower or Lolo Makua , the upper or Lomwe Makua , the Maua and the Niassa Makua or Medo . They speak variants of the Makua language , also called Emakua , and this is a Bantu-group language . The total Makua population is estimated to be about 3.5 million of which over 1 million speak the lower ( southern ) dialect and about 2 million the upper ( northern , Lomwe ) version ; given the large region and population , several ethnic groups that share the region with the Makua people also speak the Emakua ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Makua", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Makhuwa_language", "summary": "Makhuwa ( Emakhuwa ; also spelt Makua and Macua ) is the primary Bantu language of northern Mozambique . It is spoken by 4 million Makua people , who live north of the Zambezi River , particularly in Nampula Province , which is virtually entirely ethnically Makua . It is the most widely spoken indigenous language of Mozambique . Apart from the languages in the same group , eMakhuwa is distinguished from other Bantu languages by the loss of consonant + vowel prefixes in favour of e ; compare epula , rain , with Tswana pula . Long and short vowels are used for i , e , a , o , u , which is unusually sparse for a Bantu language :" } ] }, { "value": "South/East", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mozambique , Tanzania", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nambya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nambya", "summary": "The Nambya people are an ethnic group of about 100,000 people , based in the north-west of Zimbabwe . They are clustered around the coal mining town of Hwange , formally Wankie , named after a revered local chief called Hwange . They speak the Nambya language . They are also the traditional inhabitants of the area around Hwange National Park , the second biggest national park in Africa after Kruger National Park in South Africa , which boasts the Big Five game . Hwange is a mere 100 km from the resort town of Victoria Falls in the far north west of Matebeleland North Province . The Nambya people are believed [ according to whom ? ] to have descended from the Kalanga . It is believed [ according to whom ? ] that the Nambya came from the Luswingo . After the fall of Great Zimbabwe , a subchief by the name Sahwanga left for present day Dete . Some went on to live in Bumbusi . This possibility is reinforced by stone structures that are similar to some in Great Zimbabwe ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shona_language", "summary": "Shona /ˈʃoʊnə/ ( chiShona ) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe . It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages . The larger group of historically related languages ( called Shona languages by linguists ) also includes Ndau ( Eastern Shona ) and Karanga ( Western Shona ) , but speakers of those languages prefer their distinct identities and usually reject any connection to the term Shona ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "North Ndebele", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_people", "summary": "The Northern Ndebele people ( Northern Ndebele : amaNdebele ) are a Bantu-speaking nation and ethnic group in Southern Africa , who share a common Ndebele culture and Ndebele language ( isiNdebele ) . The Northern Ndebele were historically referred to as the Matabele which derives from the Sesotho expression thebele , indicating people who sheltered behind tall cowhide shields . The term Bathebele was applied to at least two Nguni-speaking groups who settled in the region later called the Transvaal , long before the Mfecane . Although the amaNdebele of Mzilikazi used the much smaller cowhide shields and short stabbing assegai of King Shakas army , they also were called Bathebele , which in isiNguni was rendered as amaNdebele . The history of the Northern Ndebele began when a Nguni group split from King Shaka in the early 19th century under the leadership of Mzilikazi , a former chief in his kingdom and ally . Under his command the disgruntled abaNguni went on to conquer and rule the chiefdoms of the Southern Ndebele . This was where the name and identity of the eventual kingdom was adopted . During a turbulent period in Nguni and Sotho-Tswana history known as the Mfecane or the crushing , Mzilikazis regiment , initially numbering 500 soldiers , moved west towards the present-day city of Pretoria , where they founded a settlement called Mhlahlandlela . The Great Trek in 1838 saw Mzilikazi defeated by the Voortrekkers at Vegkop after which he was exiled into present-day Zimbabwe where the Ndebele overwhelmed the local Lozvi , eventually carving out a home now called Matabeleland and encompassing the west and southwest region of the country . In the course of the migration , large numbers of conquered local clans and individuals were absorbed into the Ndebele nation , adopting the Ndebele language and culture . Historically the assimilated people came from the Southern Ndebele , Swazi , Sotho-Tswana , and amaLozwi ethnic groups ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu , Nguni", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sindebele", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language", "summary": "Northern Ndebele ( English : /ɛndəˈbiːliː/ ) , also called Ndebele , amaNdebele , Zimbabwean Ndebele or North Ndebele , and formerly known as Matabele , is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages , spoken by the Northern Ndebele people , or Matabele , of Zimbabwe . Northern Ndebele is related to the Zulu language , spoken in South Africa . This is because the Northern Ndebele people of Zimbabwe descend from followers of the Zulu leader Mzilikazi ( one of Zulu King Shaka 's generals ) , who left the Zulu Kingdom in the early 19th century , during the Mfecane , arriving in present-day Zimbabwe in 1839 . Although there are some differences in grammar , lexicon and intonation between Zulu and Northern Ndebele , the two languages share more than 85% of their lexicon . To prominent Nguni linguists like Anthony Cope and Cyril Nyembezi , Northern Ndebele is a dialect of Zulu . To others like Langa Khumalo , it is a language . Distinguishing between a language and a dialect for language varieties that are very similar is difficult , with the decision often being based not on linguistic but political criteria . Northern Ndebele and Southern Ndebele ( or Transvaal Ndebele ) , which is spoken in South Africa , are separate but related languages with some degree of mutual intelligibility , although the former is more closely related to Zulu . Southern Ndebele , while maintaining its Nguni roots , has been influenced by the Sotho languages . A third grouping which has historically been marginalized are the Langa Ndebele . These are the descendants of Masibibe ka Langalibalele . There are two main groupings which are both recognised as chieftaincies ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ovambo ( Ambo , Owambo )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ovambo_people", "summary": "The Ovambo people ( pronounced [ ovambo ] ( listen ) ) , also called Aawambo , Ambo , Aawambo ( Ndonga , Nghandjera , Kwambi , Mbalantu ) , Ovambo or Ovawambo ( Kwanyama ) , are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa , primarily modern Namibia . They are the single largest ethnic group in Namibia , accounting for over half of the population . They are also found in southern Angolan province of Cunene where they are more commonly referred to as Ambo . The Ovambo consist of a number of kindred Bantu ethnic tribes who inhabit what was formerly called Ovamboland . In Angola , they are a minority , accounting for about two percent of the total Angolan population . There an estimated 1.6 million ethnic Ovambo , and they are predominantly Lutheran Christians ( 97% ) . Their language , Ovambo language , also called Oshiwambo , Ambo , or Kwanyama , belongs to the southern branch of the Niger-Congo family of languages ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ovambo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ovambo_language", "summary": "The Ovambo ( English : /ɒˈvæmboʊ/ ) language , Oshiwambo , is a dialect cluster spoken by the Ovambo people in southern Angola and northern Namibia , of which the written standards are Kwanyama and Ndonga . The native name for the language is Oshiwambo ( also written Oshivambo ) , which is also used specifically for the Kwanyama and Ndonga dialects . It is the largest spoken local language in Namibia , particularly the Ovambo people . The language is closely related to that of the Herero and Himba , the Herero language ( Otjiherero ) . An obvious sign of proximity is the prefix used for language and dialect names , Proto-Bantu *ki- ( class 7 , as in the name of the Swahili language , Kiswahili ) , which in Herero has evolved to Otji- and in Ovambo further to Oshi- ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Namibia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_people", "summary": "The San or Saan peoples , also known as the Bushmen ( also Sākhoen , Sonqua , and in Afrikaans : Boesmans , after Dutch Boschjesmens ; and Saake in the Nǁng language ) , are members of various Khoisan-speaking indigenous hunter-gatherer groups that are the first nations of Southern Africa , and whose territories span Botswana , Namibia , Angola , Zambia , Zimbabwe , Lesotho and South Africa . There is a significant linguistic difference between the northern peoples living between the Okavango River in Botswana and Etosha National Park in northwestern Namibia , extending up into southern Angola ; the central peoples of most of Namibia and Botswana , extending into Zambia and Zimbabwe ; and the southern people in the central Kalahari towards the Molopo River , who are the last remnant of the previously extensive indigenous Sān of South Africa . The ancestors of the hunter-gatherer Sān are thought to have been the first inhabitants of what is now Botswana and South Africa . The historical presence of the San in Botswana is particularly evident in northern Botswana 's Tsodilo Hills region . In this area , stone tools and rock art paintings date back over 70,000 years and are by far the oldest known art . Sān were traditionally semi-nomadic , moving seasonally within certain defined areas based on the availability of resources such as water , game animals , and edible plants . As of 2010 , the Sān populations in Botswana number about 50,000 to 60,000.:5 From the 1950s through to the 1990s , Sān communities switched to farming because of government-mandated modernisation programs . Despite the lifestyle changes , they have provided a wealth of information in anthropology and genetics . One broad study of African genetic diversity completed in 2009 found that Sān people were among the five populations with the highest measured levels of genetic diversity among the 121 distinct African populations sampled . Certain Sān groups are one of 14 known extant ancestral population clusters . That is , groups of populations with common genetic ancestry , who share ethnicity and similarities in both their culture and the properties of their languages . Despite some positive aspects of government development programs reported by members of Sān and Bakgalagadi communities in Botswana , many have spoken of a consistent sense of exclusion from government decision-making processes , and many Sān and Bakgalagadi have alleged experiencing ethnic discrimination on the part of the government ." } ] }, { "value": "Khoisan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Khoisan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khoisan_languages", "summary": "The Khoisan languages ( /ˈkɔɪsɑːn/ ; also Khoesan or Khoesaan ) are a group of African languages originally classified together by Joseph Greenberg . Khoisan languages share click consonants and do not belong to other African language families . For much of the 20th century , they were thought to be genealogically related to each other , but this is no longer accepted . They are now held to comprise three distinct language families and two language isolates . All Khoisan languages but two are indigenous to southern Africa and belong to three language families . The Khoe family appears to have migrated to southern Africa not long before the Bantu expansion . Ethnically , their speakers are the Khoikhoi and the San ( Bushmen ) . Two languages of east Africa , those of the Sandawe and Hadza , originally were also classified as Khoisan , although their speakers are ethnically neither Khoikhoi nor San . Before the Bantu expansion , Khoisan languages , or languages like them , were likely spread throughout southern and eastern Africa . They are currently restricted to the Kalahari Desert , primarily in Namibia and Botswana , and to the Rift Valley in central Tanzania . Most of the languages are endangered , and several are moribund or extinct . Most have no written record ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Africa , Zimbabwe , Lesotho , Mozambique , Swaziland , Botswana , Namibia , Angola", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.09", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Ndebele", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Ndebele_people", "summary": "The Southern African Ndebele are an eMbo ethnic group native to South Africa who speak Southern Ndebele , which is distinct both from the Northern Transvaal Ndebele languages , usually known as SiNdebele or SiSumayela , as well as the Zimbabwean Ndebele language . The former are the people of Gegana ( Mthombeni ) and the latter are the people of Mzilikazi 's Matabele Empire , whereas Southern Ndebele people are those of Ndzundza and Manala . Although sharing the same name , they should not be confused with ( Mzilikazi 's ) Northern Ndebele people of modern Zimbabwe , a breakaway from the Zulu nation , with whom they came into contact only after Mfecane . Northern Ndebele people speak the Ndebele language . Mzilikazi 's Khumalo clan ( later called the Ndebele ) have a different history ( see Zimbabwean Ndebele language ) and their language is more similar to Zulu and Xhosa . Southern Ndebele mainly inhabit the provinces of Mpumalanga , Gauteng and Limpopo , all of which are in the northeast of the country ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Southern Ndebele", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language", "summary": "Southern Ndebele ( English : /ɛndəˈbiːliː/ ) , also known as Transvaal Ndebele or South Ndebele , is an African language belonging to the Nguni group of Bantu languages , spoken by the Ndebele people of South Africa . There is also a different language called Northern Ndebele or isiNdebele , Matabele , or simply Ndebele , spoken in Zimbabwe , which is closer to Northern Nguni ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Africa", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shona_people", "summary": "The Shona ( /ˈʃoʊnə/ ) are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa , primarily the country of Zimbabwe where they form a vast majority . The people are divided into five major clans and adjacent to other groups of very similar culture and languages ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shona_language", "summary": "Shona /ˈʃoʊnə/ ( chiShona ) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe . It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages . The larger group of historically related languages ( called Shona languages by linguists ) also includes Ndau ( Eastern Shona ) and Karanga ( Western Shona ) , but speakers of those languages prefer their distinct identities and usually reject any connection to the term Shona ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mozambique , Zimbabwe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10.6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sotho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sotho_people", "summary": "The Sotho /ˈsuːtuː/ people , or Basotho /bæˈsuːtuː/ , are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa , native to modern Lesotho and South Africa , who speak Sesotho . The Basotho have inhabited that region since around the fifth century and so are closely related to other Bantu peoples of the region . The modern Basotho identity emerged from the accomplished diplomacy of Moshoeshoe I who gathered together disparate clans of Sotho-Tswana origin that had dispersed across southern Africa in the early 19th century . Most Basotho today live in South Africa , as the area of the Orange Free State was originally part of Moshoeshoe 's nation ( now Lesotho ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sotho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sotho_language", "summary": "Sotho ( /ˈsuːtuː/ ) or Sesotho ( /sɛˈsuːtuː/ ) ( also known as Southern Sotho or Southern Sesotho ) , is a Southern Bantu language of the Sotho-Tswana ( S.30 ) group , spoken primarily by the Basotho in Lesotho , where it is the national and official language , South Africa , where it is one of the 11 official languages and in Zimbabwe where it is one of 16 official languages . Like all Bantu languages , Sesotho is an agglutinative language , which uses numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lesotho , South Africa , Zimbabwe ( Gwanda District )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5.3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swazi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swazi_people", "summary": "The Swazi ( Swazi : siSwazi ) are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa , predominantly inhabiting modern Eswatini and South Africa 's Mpumalanga province and Mozambique . The Swazi are part of the Nguni family that can be archaeologically traced in East Africa where the same tradition , beliefs and cultural practices are found . The Swazi share a unique experience , culture and Royal lineage . This lineage is exclusive to the inhabitants of Eswatini , even though there have been more Swazi people that have moved to South Africa and the United Kingdom in the 20th century . The original inhabitants of Eswatini no longer reside in Eswatini as a majority population while some remain in the land . The Swazi people and the Kingdom of Eswatini today are named after Mswati II , who became king in 1839 after the death of his father King Sobhuza who strategically defeated the British who occupied Swaziland . The Kingdom of Swaziland was a region occupied by the San people of Southern Africa and the current Swazis came in from North Eastern regions through to Mozambique and eventually Swaziland in the 15th century . Mixtures with the San people and other Nguni tribes occurred . Their royal lineage can be traced to a chief named Dlamini I ; this is still the royal clan name . About three-quarters of the clan groups are Nguni ; the remainder are Sotho , Tsonga , others North East African and San descendants . These groups have intermarried freely . There are slight differences among Swazis as a nation with varying features and skin tones yet Swazi identity extends to all those with allegiance to the twin monarchs Ingwenyama the Lion ( the king ) and Indlovukati the She-Elephant ( the queen mother ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu , Nguni", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swazi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swati_language", "summary": "The Swazi , Swati or siSwati language ( Swazi : siSwati ) ( pronounced [ siswatʼi ] ) is a Bantu language of the Nguni group spoken in Eswatini and South Africa by the Swazi people . The number of speakers is estimated to be in the region of 12 million . The language is taught in Eswatini and some South African schools in Mpumalanga , particularly former KaNgwane areas . Swazi is an official language of Eswatini ( along with English ) , and is also one of the eleven official languages of South Africa . Although the preferred term is siSwati among native speakers , in English it is generally referred to as Swazi . Swazi is most closely related to the other Tekela languages , like Phuthi and Northern Transvaal ( Sumayela ) Ndebele , but is also very close to the Zunda languages : Zulu , Southern Ndebele , Northern Ndebele , and Xhosa ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swaziland , South Africa , Mozambique", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tonga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tonga_people_(Malawi)", "summary": "The Tonga ( also called Batonga , Lake Shore Tonga or Nyasa Tonga ) are an ethnic group living in northern Malawi on the shores of Lake Malawi in Nkhata Bay and northern part of Nkhotakota . They are to be distinguished from the Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe , whose language belongs to a different branch of the Bantu family ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shona_language", "summary": "Shona /ˈʃoʊnə/ ( chiShona ) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe . It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages . The larger group of historically related languages ( called Shona languages by linguists ) also includes Ndau ( Eastern Shona ) and Karanga ( Western Shona ) , but speakers of those languages prefer their distinct identities and usually reject any connection to the term Shona ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zimbabwe , Zambia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tsonga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tsonga_people", "summary": "The Tsonga people ( Tsonga : Vatsonga ) are a Bantu ethnic group native mainly to Southern Mozambique and South Africa ( Northern Transvaal and Eastern Transvaal ) . They speak Xitsonga , a Southern Bantu language which has Nguni influence in particular Swazi and Zulu . The Swazis and the Zulus were the original neighbours of the Tsonga people for more than 1,000 years . Evidence of a very close neighborhood between the Tsonga and the Swazis as well as the Zulus can be seen in similarities in surnames . For example , Mnisi is a surname shared between the Tsonga , Swati and Zulu people . In all these three groups , Mnisi means the one who causes the rain to fall . Tshabalala is another very popular surnames found between the Tsonga , the Swati and the Zulu people . In Tsonga ( Chabalala ) , Swati ( Shabalala ) and Zulu ( Tshabalala ) , again in all these three groups , Tshabalala means Mshengu . A very small number of Tsonga people are also found in Zimbabwe and Northern Swaziland . The Tsonga people of South Africa share some history with the Tsonga people of Southern Mozambique ; however they differ culturally and linguistically from the Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe ." } ] }, { "value": "Niger-Congo , Bantu , Nguni", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tsonga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tsonga_language", "summary": "Tsonga ( /ˈtsɒŋɡə , ˈtsɔː-/ ) or Xitsonga ( Tsonga : Xitsonga ) is a Bantu language spoken by the Tsonga people . It is mutually intelligible with Tswa and Ronga , and the name Tsonga is often used as a cover term for all three , also sometimes referred to as Tswa-Ronga . The Xitsonga language has been standardized for both academic and home use , making it the base language for the Tsonga people . Like with many other languages , there are various dialects within the Tsonga language group ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swaziland , South Africa , Mozambique , Zimbabwe ( Chiredzi and Mwenezi Districts )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5.5", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Lists -- Ethnic groups by region", "section_text": "", "uid": "Ethnic_groups_in_Africa_7", "intro": "The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands, with each population generally having its own language (or dialect of a language) and culture. The ethnolinguistic groups include various Afroasiatic, Khoisan, Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan populations. The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain, both due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses and due to the rapid population growth. There have also been accusations of deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority (as in the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo people). A 2009 genetic clustering study, which genotyped 1327 polymorphic markers in various African populations, identified six ancestral clusters. The clustering corresponded closely with ethnicity, culture and language. A 2018 whole genome sequencing study of the world's populations observed similar clusters among the populations in Africa. At K=9, distinct ancestral components defined the Afrosiatic-speaking populations inhabiting North Africa and Northeast Africa; the Nilo-Saharan-speaking populations in Northeast Africa and East Africa; the Ari populations in Northeast Africa; the Niger-Congo-speaking populations in West-Central Africa, West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa; the Pygmy populations in Central Africa; and the Khoisan populations in Southern Africa." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_(association_football)", "title": "Double (association football)", "header": [ "Club", "Number", "Seasons" ], "data": [ { "value": "Jeunesse Esch", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeunesse_Esch", "summary": "Jeunesse Esch ( full name Association Sportive la Jeunesse d'Esch/Alzette ) is a football club , based in Esch-sur-Alzette , in south-western Luxembourg . The side play in the National Division , the highest league in the country , and have won the league title on 28 occasions between 1921 and 2010 , the most of any team in Luxembourg . Jeunesse Esch is the only Luxembourgish club to have reached the second round of the European Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1936-37 , 1953-54 , 1972-73 , 1973-74 , 1975-76 , 1987-88 , 1996-97 , 1998-99", "urls": [] }, { "value": "F91 Dudelange", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/F91_Dudelange", "summary": "F91 Dudelange , or F91 Diddeleng , ( French : [ ɛf katʁəvɛ̃.ɔ̃z dydlɑ̃ʒ ] ) is a Luxembourgish professional football club based in Dudelange which plays in the Luxembourg National Division . It was formed in 1991 as a merger between three teams in the city - Alliance Dudelange , Stade Dudelange and US Dudelange . Domestically , it has since won the National Division on 15 occasions and the Luxembourg Cup eight times . F91 Dudelange qualified for the 2018-19 UEFA Europa League , becoming the first club from the country to reach the group stage of a European competition . Dudelange also made the 2019-20 UEFA Europa League group stage where they became the first team from Luxembourg to win a game in the group stage after a shock 4-3 victory over APOEL of Cyprus ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1947-48 , 2005-06 , 2006-07 , 2008-09 , 2011-12 , 2015-16 , 2016-17 , 2018-19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Red Boys Differdange", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FA_Red_Boys_Differdange", "summary": "Football Association Red Boys Differdange was a football club , based in Differdange , in south-western Luxembourg . It is now a part of FC Differdange 03 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1925-26 , 1930-31 , 1978-79", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Avenir Beggen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Avenir_Beggen", "summary": "Football Club Avenir Beggen is a football club , based in Beggen , a quarter of Luxembourg City , in southern Luxembourg . The club were founded in 1915 as FC Daring Beggen but changed their name to FC Avenir Beggen a year later . In 1940 , they were renamed SV 1915 Beggen , but in 1944 , it was changed again to FC Avenir Beggen . Avenir Beggen had played in the National Division in consecutive seasons since 1965-66 , but were relegated in the 2005-06 season . Finishing second in their first season in the second-tier Division of Honour , Avenir returned to the National Division at the first time of asking . In 2008/09 the club finished 14th and were relegated back to the Luxembourg Division of Honour ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1983-84 , 1992-93 , 1993-94", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fola Esch", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CS_Fola_Esch", "summary": "Sporting Circle Fola Esch ( French : Cercle sportif Fola Esch ) , usually abbreviated to Fola Esch or simply Fola , is a football club , based in Esch-sur-Alzette , in south-western Luxembourg . They play their home games at Stade Émile Mayrisch , in the south of the city , which they share with their sister athletics club CA Fola Esch . Fola Esch can benefit from his youth teams , with very talented players at their U19" } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1923-24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Spora Luxembourg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CA_Spora_Luxembourg", "summary": "CA Spora Luxembourg was a football club , based in Luxembourg City , in southern Luxembourg . It is now a part of Racing FC Union Luxembourg ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1927-28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Progrès Niedercorn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Progrès_Niedercorn", "summary": "Football Club Progrès Niederkorn is a football club based in Niederkorn , in south-western Luxembourg ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1977-78", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Union Luxembourg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Union_Luxembourg", "summary": "Union Sportive Luxembourg , usually known as Union Luxembourg , was a football club , based in Luxembourg City , in southern Luxembourg . It is now a part of Racing FC Union Luxembourg ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1990-91", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CS Grevenmacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CS_Grevenmacher", "summary": "Club Sportif Grevenmacher is a football club , based in Grevenmacher , in eastern Luxembourg ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002-03", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Europe -- Luxembourg", "section_text": "In Luxembourgian football , the Double is made up of the National Division title and the Luxembourg Cup . As there are no other senior football competitions in the country , and no club have never come close to winning any European tournament , the Double is the ultimate achievement for a Luxembourgian club in one season . The most successful clubs are Jeunesse Esch and F91 Dudelange , who have completed eight Doubles each .", "uid": "Double_(association_football)_156", "intro": "The Double, in association football, is the achievement of winning a country's top tier division and its primary cup competition in the same season. The lists in this article examine this definition of a double, while derivative sections examine much less frequent, continental instances. The Double can also mean beating a team both home and away in the same league season, a feat often noted as doing the double over a particular opponent. The first club to achieve a double was Preston North End in 1889, winning the FA Cup and The Football League in the inaugural season of the league. The team that holds the record for the most doubles is Linfield of Northern Ireland, with a total of 24." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics", "header": [ "Venue", "Events", "Gross capacity" ], "data": [ { "value": "Deer Valley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deer_Valley", "summary": "Deer Valley is an alpine ski resort in the Wasatch Range , located 36 miles ( 58 km ) east of Salt Lake City , in Park City , Utah , United States . The resort , known for its upscale amenities , is consistently ranked among the top ski resorts in North America . Deer Valley was a venue site during 2002 Winter Olympics , hosting the freestyle moguls , aerial , and alpine slalom events . It also regularly hosts competitions for the International Ski Federation ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing ( slalom ) , freestyle skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Alpine skiing at the 2002 Winter Olympics consisted of ten events held February 10-23 in the United States near Salt Lake City , Utah . The downhill , super-G , and combined events were held at Snowbasin , the giant slaloms at Park City , and the slaloms at adjacent Deer Valley ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Four freestyle skiing events were held at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City , at the venue in Deer Valley . There were both men 's and women 's competition in both aerials and moguls events . In moguls , the athletes ski down a slope littered with moguls ( bumps ) , attempting to get down in as fast a time as possible while also attempting to get points for technique and their two aerial jumps during the course . The aerials events consisted of two jumps , which were judged by air , form and landing ." } ] }, { "value": "13,400", "urls": [] }, { "value": "E Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/E_Center", "summary": "The Maverik Center , originally known as the E Center , is a 12,000 seat multi-purpose arena located in West Valley City , Utah , United States . Construction on the arena started in 1996 and was completed in time to hold its first event on September 22 , 1997 . The arena is owned by West Valley City , and managed by Centennial Management Group , Inc. During the 2002 Winter Olympics it served as the main venue for the ice hockey events , and as the venue for ice sledge hockey during the 2002 Winter Paralympics . Today the arena is home to the Utah Grizzlies , and it is also a major venue in the area for numerous concerts and live touring productions ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo , Utah . The men 's and women 's tournaments were won by Canada , who defeated the host United States in both finals ." } ] }, { "value": "10,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Park City Mountain Resort", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Park_City_Mountain_Resort", "summary": "Park City Mountain Resort is a ski resort in the western United States in Park City , Utah , located 32 miles ( 51 km ) east of Salt Lake City . Park City , as the ski resort and area is known , contains several training courses for the U.S . Ski Team , including slalom and giant slalom runs . During the 2002 Winter Olympics the resort hosted the snowboarding events and the men 's and women 's alpine giant slalom events . Opened in 1963 , the resort has been a major tourist attraction for skiers from all over the United States , as well as a main employer for many of Park City 's citizens . The resort was purchased by Vail Resorts in 2014 and combined the resort with neighboring Canyons Resort via an interconnect gondola to create the largest lift-served ski resort in the United States . During the ski season , most slopes and lifts are open from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing ( giant slalom ) , snowboarding", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 2002 Winter Olympic Games Snowboarding competition consisted of men 's and women 's Halfpipe and Parallel Giant Slalom events . The snowboarding competition took place at Park City , over a five-day period ." } ] }, { "value": "16,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peaks Ice Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peaks_Ice_Arena", "summary": "Peaks Ice Arena is an indoor Ice hockey and Figure skating arena in Provo , Utah , United States , located 43 miles ( 69 km ) south of Salt Lake City . It was built , along with the Maverik Center ( originally known as the E Center ) in West Valley City , to serve as an ice hockey and figure skating practice venue for the 2002 Winter Olympics . It currently serves as the home of the BYU Cougars men 's ice hockey team , Peaks Youth Hockey Association , several high school teams , the Peaks Figure Skating Club , as well as a Learn-to-Skate USA program for beginning skaters of all ages ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8,400", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Salt Lake Ice Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salt_Lake_Ice_Center", "summary": "Vivint Smart Home Arena is an indoor arena located in Salt Lake City , Utah . The building is owned by the Miller Family Legacy Trust . The arena is the home of the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and has been the home venue for other professional athletic teams such as the Utah Blaze of the Arena Football League and the Utah Starzz of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . It seats 18,306 for basketball , has 56 luxury suites , and 668 club seats . Opened in 1991 , the arena was known as the Delta Center , under a naming rights deal with Delta Air Lines , which has a hub at Salt Lake City International Airport . Salt Lake City-based EnergySolutions purchased the naming rights in November 2006 , after Delta decided not to renew their 15-year contract due to filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy the year prior . From 2006 to 2015 , it was known as EnergySolutions Arena . On October 26 , 2015 , the arena was renamed as part of a 10-year naming rights contract with the Provo-based home security system provider Vivint . The arena was also home to the figure skating and short track speed skating competitions of the 2002 Winter Olympics , where it was referred to as the Salt Lake Ice Center ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating , short track speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "All figure skating events in 2002 Winter Olympics were held at the Salt Lake Ice Center ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Short_track_speed_skating_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Short track speed skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held from 13 to 23 February . Eight events were contested at Salt Lake Ice Center ( normally called Delta Center ( now Vivint Smart Home Arena ) ) . Two new events were added for these games , with the men 's and women 's 1500 metres making debuts ." } ] }, { "value": "17,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Snowbasin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Snowbasin", "summary": "Snowbasin Resort is a ski resort in the western United States , located in Weber County , Utah , 33 miles ( 53 km ) northeast of Salt Lake City , on the back side of the Wasatch Range . Opened 81 years ago in 1939 , as part of an effort by the city of Ogden to restore the Wheeler Creek watershed , it is one of the oldest continually operating ski resorts in the United States . One of the owners in the early days was Aaron Ross . Over the next fifty years Snowbasin grew , and after a large investment in lifts and snowmaking by owner Earl Holding , Snowbasin hosted the 2002 Winter Olympic alpine skiing races for downhill , combined , and super-G . The movie Frozen was filmed there in 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing ( combined , downhill , super-G )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Soldier Hollow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soldier_Hollow", "summary": "Soldier Hollow is a cross-country ski venue located at the mouth of a hollow of the same name about 53 miles ( 85 km ) southeast of Salt Lake City in Wasatch Mountain State Park in northwestern Wasatch County , Utah , United States . The venue was created for the 2002 Winter Olympics , and during the games it hosted the biathlon , cross-country skiing , and the cross country skiing portion of the Nordic combined events . :81-82 Since hosting the Olympics , it has been developed as a cross-country skiing , tubing , and snowshoeing venue , while featuring mountain biking and golfing in the summer . On May 1 , 2016 , the venue operation contract transferred from the Soldier Hollow Legacy Foundation to the Utah Olympic Legacy Foundation , which owns and operates several Olympic and Paralympic legacy venues elsewhere in the state ." } ] }, { "value": "Biathlon , cross-country skiing , Nordic combined ( cross-country skiing portion )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Biathlon at the 2002 Winter Olympics consisted of eight biathlon events . They were held at Soldier Hollow . The events began on 11 February and ended on 20 February 2002 . For the first time since 1992 , the biathlon program expanded . A new race type , the pursuit was added , the first new race type since the debut of the sprint in 1980 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The cross-country skiing events at the 2002 Winter Olympics were marred by drug problems . The winners of three races were disqualified after blood tests showed that three skiers had overly high red blood cell counts indicating the use of darbepoetin , a drug used to treat anemia . At the time , the drug was not specifically listed in the International Olympic Committee 's ( IOC ) list of banned substances , but the Olympic rules generally prohibit doping of any kind , in accordance with its charter . After two years and several lawsuits in Olympic and Swiss courts , the skiers in question ( Johann Mühlegg of Spain , and Larissa Lazutina and Olga Danilova of Russia ) were stripped of all their medals from the 2002 Games . See the external links below for the official IOC press releases containing detailed information of the doping cases and their resolution , including initial , intermediate , and final amended results . This article gives the final medalists as decided on by the IOC in early 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Nordic combined at the 2002 Winter Olympics , consisted of three events held over ten days , from 9 February to 22 February . The ski jumping part took place in Park City , while the cross-country part took place in Soldier Hollow . This was the first Winter Olympics to have two individual Nordic Combined events : the 10 km individual normal hill ( sprint ) and the 10 km individual large hill ( individual ) ." } ] }, { "value": "15,200", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Ice Sheet at Ogden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Ice_Sheet_at_Ogden", "summary": "The Ice Sheet at Ogden , also known as the Weber County Ice Sheet , is located 35 miles ( 56 km ) north of Salt Lake City on the campus of Weber State University in Ogden . The Ice Sheet opened in 1994 as a recreational training center for curling , ice hockey , and figure skating . During the 2002 Winter Olympics the Ice Sheet hosted the curling events ." } ] }, { "value": "Curling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Curling_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Curling at the 2002 Winter Olympics took place from February 11 to February 18 in Ogden , Utah :" } ] }, { "value": "2,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Utah Olympic Oval", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Utah_Olympic_Oval", "summary": "The Utah Olympic Oval is an indoor speed skating oval located 14 miles ( 23 km ) southwest of Salt Lake City , in Kearns , Utah . The Oval was built for the 2002 Winter Olympics and it hosted the long track speed skating events for the 2002 games . Inside the facility the 400 meter skating track surrounds two international sized ice sheets , and is itself surrounded by a 442 meter running track . Due to its high altitude , 4,675 feet ( 1,425 m ) , and the associated low air resistance , ten Olympic records and nine world records were set at the Oval during the 2002 games , the largest number of world records ever set at one event ." } ] }, { "value": "Speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Speed skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held over fourteen days , from 9 to 23 February . Ten events were contested at the Utah Olympic Oval ." } ] }, { "value": "5,236", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Utah Olympic Park ( bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Utah_Olympic_Park", "summary": "The Utah Olympic Park is a winter sports park built for the 2002 Winter Olympics , and is located 28 miles ( 45 km ) east of Salt Lake City near Park City , Utah , United States . During the 2002 games the park hosted the bobsleigh , skeleton , luge , ski jumping , and Nordic combined events . It still serves a training center for Olympic and development level athletes . Other facilities in addition to the ski jumps and bobsled track located on site include a 2002 Winter Olympics and Ski Museum , day lodge , summer aerial training splash pool , ziplines , and a mountain coaster ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Utah_Olympic_Park_Track", "summary": "The Utah Olympic Park Track is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track in the United States , located in the Utah Olympic Park near Park City , Utah . During the 2002 Winter Olympics in nearby Salt Lake City , the track hosted the bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton events . Today the track still serves as a training center for Olympic and development level athletes , and hosts numerous local and international competitions . It is one of two tracks in the nation , the other is at Mt . Van Hoevenberg near Lake Placid , New York ." } ] }, { "value": "Bobsleigh , luge , skeleton , Nordic combined ( ski jumping portion ) , ski jumping", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Three bobsleigh events were competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics , at Utah Olympic Park . The competition took place between February 16 and February 23 , 2002 . For the first time since 1932 , Olympic bobsleigh added a new event , with the first ever women 's competition , won by Jill Bakken and Vonetta Flowers of the United States . The men 's competitions comprised four heats . Teams raced in the first and third heats in the order of the draw . The second heat was raced in order of ranking after the first heat , and the fourth heat is raced in order of the ranking after the first three heats . Total time for the four heats determined the final rank . The two-woman competition utilized two heats , under the same format ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Luge_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The Luge competition at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games was held at Utah Olympic Park in Park City . Three events were staged , taking place from February 10 to February 14 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Skeleton returned to the program of the Winter Olympic Games for the first time in 54 years at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City . This was the first time Olympic competitions in skeleton were held during an Olympics outside of St. Moritz . Both men and women competed , with medals awarded after five runs down the course . Both events were contested on February 20 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Ski jumping at the 2002 Winter Olympics , consisted of three events held from 10 February to 13 February , taking place at Park City ." } ] }, { "value": "18,100 ( ski jumping ) 15,000 ( sliding track )", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Venues -- Competitive venues", "section_text": "", "uid": "2002_Winter_Olympics_0", "intro": "The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002, was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC), the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee. Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, after Missouri, New York, California, and Georgia. These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge. The opening ceremony was held on February 8, 2002, and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24, 2002. Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen, and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters. Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics, although the two subsequent host cities' populations were larger. Following a trend, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games, with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals. The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid. Nevertheless, from sporting and business standpoints, this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_conference_realignments_(2000–present)", "title": "List of NCAA Division I conference realignments (2000–present)", "header": [ "School", "Sport ( s )", "Former Conference", "New Conference" ], "data": [ { "value": "Appalachian State Mountaineers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Appalachian_State_University", "summary": "Appalachian State University /ˌæpəˈlætʃən/ ( Appalachian , App State , App , or ASU ) is a public university in Boone , North Carolina . It was founded as a teachers college in 1899 by brothers B.B . and D.D . Dougherty and D.D.s wife , Lillie Shull Dougherty . The university expanded to include other programs in 1967 and joined the University of North Carolina System in 1971 . The university is part of the University of North Carolina System and enrolls more than 19,000 students . It offers more than 150 bachelor 's degrees and 70 graduate degree programs , including two doctoral programs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Appalachian_State_Mountaineers", "summary": "The Appalachian State Mountaineers are the athletic teams that represent Appalachian State University in Boone , North Carolina , United States . The Mountaineers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and were a member of the Southern Conference ( SoCon ) between 1972 and 2014 . On July 1 , 2014 , Appalachian State moved to the Sun Belt Conference . Appalachian State fields varsity teams in 20 sports , 10 for men and 10 for women . The football team competes in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly I-A , as a result of the transition to the Sun Belt . The wrestling team remains in the Southern Conference because the Sun Belt does not sponsor the sport . In field hockey , another sport not sponsored by the Sun Belt , Appalachian State joined the Mid-American Conference for the 2017 season after playing two seasons as an independent following the demise of its former league , the Northern Pacific Field Hockey Conference ( NorPac ) . Appalachian State has Sun Belt rivalries with all of the East Division schools ( Coastal Carolina , Georgia Southern , Georgia State , Troy , and South Alabama ) . Appalachian State 's main Sun Belt rivals are Coastal Carolina and Georgia Southern . Appalachian 's football program has been successful with the Mountaineers winning three straight national championships in 2005 , 2006 , and 2007 . They are the only team in North Carolina , public or private , to win an NCAA national championship in football . The Mountaineers are the first FCS team to win three straight national championships since the creation of Division I-AA in 1978 , and are the first Division I program to win three consecutive national championships since Army accomplished the feat in 1944 , 1945 , and 1946 ." } ] }, { "value": "Field hockey", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Independent", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MAC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mid-American_Conference", "summary": "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ." } ] }, { "value": "Arizona State Sun Devils", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_University", "summary": "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils", "summary": "The Arizona State Sun Devils are the athletic teams that represent Arizona State University . ASU has nine men 's and eleven women 's varsity teams competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . The mascot was adopted in 1946 ; earlier nicknames were the Normals and later , the Bulldogs . The Sun Devil mascot , Sparky , was designed by former Disney illustrator Bert Anthony . ASU 's chief rival is the University of Arizona Wildcats , and both universities ' athletics departments compete against each other in the Territorial Cup Series ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's tennis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "No team", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pac-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-12_Conference", "summary": "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ." } ] }, { "value": "Arizona State Sun Devils", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_University", "summary": "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils", "summary": "The Arizona State Sun Devils are the athletic teams that represent Arizona State University . ASU has nine men 's and eleven women 's varsity teams competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . The mascot was adopted in 1946 ; earlier nicknames were the Normals and later , the Bulldogs . The Sun Devil mascot , Sparky , was designed by former Disney illustrator Bert Anthony . ASU 's chief rival is the University of Arizona Wildcats , and both universities ' athletics departments compete against each other in the Territorial Cup Series ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's lacrosse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Club team", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pac-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-12_Conference", "summary": "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ." } ] }, { "value": "Augustana ( IL ) Vikings", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Augustana_College_(Illinois)", "summary": "Augustana College is a private Lutheran liberal arts college in Rock Island , Illinois . The college enrolls approximately 2,500 students . Covering 115 acres ( 46.5 ha ) of hilly , wooded land , Augustana is adjacent to the Mississippi River ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Augustana_College_(Illinois)", "summary": "Augustana College is a private Lutheran liberal arts college in Rock Island , Illinois . The college enrolls approximately 2,500 students . Covering 115 acres ( 46.5 ha ) of hilly , wooded land , Augustana is adjacent to the Mississippi River ." } ] }, { "value": "Bowling", "urls": [] }, { "value": "No team", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Independent", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Binghamton Bearcats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Binghamton_University", "summary": "The State University of New York at Binghamton ( also known as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton ) , is a public research university with campuses in Binghamton , Vestal , and Johnson City , New York . It is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system . As of Fall 2018 , 17,768 undergraduate and graduate students attend the university . The Vestal campus is listed as a census-designated place , with a residential population of 6,177 as of the 2010 Census . Since its establishment in 1946 , the school has evolved from a small liberal arts college to a large research university that ranks among the top public universities in the United States . Greene 's Guides names Binghamton University as one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . The university is designated an R1 Doctoral University with very high research activity according to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . Binghamton 's athletic teams are the Bearcats and they compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Bearcats are members of the America East Conference ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Binghamton_Bearcats", "summary": "The Binghamton Bearcats are the NCAA Division I athletics teams at Binghamton University located in Binghamton , New York . United States . They are one of four Division I programs in the SUNY system . A member of the America East Conference , Binghamton University , SUNY sponsors teams in eleven men 's and ten women 's NCAA sanctioned sports , men 's golf is an affiliate member of the Big Sky Conference , men 's tennis is an affiliate member of the Mid-American Conference , and the wrestling team is a member of the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's swimming & diving", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Independent", "urls": [] }, { "value": "America East", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/America_East_Conference", "summary": "The America East Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA Division I , whose members are located mainly in the Northeastern United States , specifically New England . Its nine members include the public flagship universities of three states , and one private university ." } ] }, { "value": "Boise State Broncos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boise_State_University", "summary": "Boise State University ( BSU ) is a public research university in Boise , Idaho . Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church , it became an independent junior college in 1934 , and has been awarding baccalaureate and master 's degrees since 1965 . Boise State offers more than 100 graduate programs , including the MBA and MAcc programs in the College of Business and Economics ; Masters and PhD programs in the Colleges of Engineering , Arts & Sciences , and Education ; and the MPA program in the School of Public Service . Boise State has invested in the future over the past decade , including spending over $ 300 million since 2003 on academic , residential , and athletics facilities across campus . The university 's intercollegiate athletic teams , the Broncos , have participated in NCAA Division I since 1978 ; the football program moved up to FBS in 1996 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Boise_State_Broncos", "summary": "The Boise State Broncos are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Boise State University , located in Boise , Idaho . The Broncos compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) . The Broncos have a successful athletic program overall , winning the WAC commissioner 's cup for the 2005-06 and 2009-10 years . Boise State joined the MWC on July 1 , 2011 . Boise State 's best-known program is football , which attained a perfect 13-0 record in 2006 , capped by an overtime win in the Fiesta Bowl over the Oklahoma Sooners . They finished the season as the only major undefeated college football team . BSU 's football team has won the Fiesta Bowl two more times , following the 2009 and 2014 seasons . The school 's Albertsons Stadium , introduced its famous blue artificial turf ( now FieldTurf ) thirty-four years ago in 1986 . Other notable programs at BSU include the nationally ranked women 's gymnastics team , which competes in the Mountain Rim Gymnastics Conference , the men 's and women 's basketball team , and the tennis teams which have consistently had nationally ranked players . In April 2017 , Boise State announced the cessation of its wrestling program with the potential return of baseball , although no time frame was given ; BSU baseball was discontinued after the 1980 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pac-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-12_Conference", "summary": "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ." } ] }, { "value": "Dropped wrestling", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Buffalo Bulls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_at_Buffalo", "summary": "The State University of New York at Buffalo ( University at Buffalo , UB , or SUNY Buffalo ) is a public research university with campuses in Buffalo and Amherst , New York . It is the flagship campus of the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , with the largest enrollment , largest endowment , and research funding as a comprehensive university center . The university was founded in 1846 as a private medical college , but in 1962 merged with the SUNY system . As of Fall 2018 , the university enrolls 31,508 students in 13 colleges , making it the largest public university in New York . In addition to the College of Arts and Sciences , the university houses the largest state-operated medical school , dental school , education school , business school , engineering school , pharmacy school , and also features the only state law school , architecture and urban planning school in the State University of New York System . The university offers over 100 bachelor 's , 205 master 's , 84 doctoral , and 10 professional areas of study . The University at Buffalo is classified as a Doctoral University with the Highest Research Activity ( R1 ) . In 1989 , UB was elected to the Association of American Universities . UB 's alumni and faculty have included a prime minister , astronauts , Nobel laureates , Pulitzer Prize winners , three billionaires , Academy Award winners , Emmy Award winners , Fulbright Scholars , and Rhodes Scholars . U.S. President Millard Fillmore was one of the school 's principal founders and served as the school 's first chancellor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Buffalo_Bulls", "summary": "The Buffalo Bulls are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University at Buffalo ( UB ) in Buffalo , New York . The Bulls compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) at the Division I level as a member of Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) East Division . Buffalo sponsors teams in seven men 's and nine women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest level for college football . It is named after Buffalo Bill . The mascot of UB athletic teams is Victor E. Bull . In 2001 , Victoria S. Bull was introduced as Victor 's sister , but has not been observed for several years ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's rowing", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CAA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colonial_Athletic_Association", "summary": "The Colonial Athletic Association ( CAA ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I whose full members are located in East Coast states from Massachusetts to South Carolina . Most of its members are public universities , and the conference is headquartered in Richmond . The CAA was historically a Southern conference until the addition of four schools in the Northeast ( of five that joined from rival conference America East ) after the turn of the 21st century , which added balance to the conference . The CAA was founded in 1979 as the ECAC South basketball league . It was renamed the Colonial Athletic Association in 1985 when it added championships in other sports ( although a number of members maintain ECAC affiliation in some sports ) . As of 2006 , it organizes championships in 21 men 's and women 's sports . The addition of Northeastern University in 2005 gave the conference the NCAA minimum of six football programs needed to sponsor football . For the 2007 football season , all of the Atlantic 10 Conference 's football programs joined the CAA football conference , as agreed in May 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "Dropped women 's rowing", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Buffalo Bulls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_at_Buffalo", "summary": "The State University of New York at Buffalo ( University at Buffalo , UB , or SUNY Buffalo ) is a public research university with campuses in Buffalo and Amherst , New York . It is the flagship campus of the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , with the largest enrollment , largest endowment , and research funding as a comprehensive university center . The university was founded in 1846 as a private medical college , but in 1962 merged with the SUNY system . As of Fall 2018 , the university enrolls 31,508 students in 13 colleges , making it the largest public university in New York . In addition to the College of Arts and Sciences , the university houses the largest state-operated medical school , dental school , education school , business school , engineering school , pharmacy school , and also features the only state law school , architecture and urban planning school in the State University of New York System . The university offers over 100 bachelor 's , 205 master 's , 84 doctoral , and 10 professional areas of study . The University at Buffalo is classified as a Doctoral University with the Highest Research Activity ( R1 ) . In 1989 , UB was elected to the Association of American Universities . UB 's alumni and faculty have included a prime minister , astronauts , Nobel laureates , Pulitzer Prize winners , three billionaires , Academy Award winners , Emmy Award winners , Fulbright Scholars , and Rhodes Scholars . U.S. President Millard Fillmore was one of the school 's principal founders and served as the school 's first chancellor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Buffalo_Bulls", "summary": "The Buffalo Bulls are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University at Buffalo ( UB ) in Buffalo , New York . The Bulls compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) at the Division I level as a member of Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) East Division . Buffalo sponsors teams in seven men 's and nine women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest level for college football . It is named after Buffalo Bill . The mascot of UB athletic teams is Victor E. Bull . In 2001 , Victoria S. Bull was introduced as Victor 's sister , but has not been observed for several years ." } ] }, { "value": "Baseball , men 's soccer , men 's swimming & diving", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MAC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mid-American_Conference", "summary": "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ." } ] }, { "value": "Dropped all three sports", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cal State Bakersfield Roadrunners", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/California_State_University,_Bakersfield", "summary": "California State University , Bakersfield ( CSUB , Cal State Bakersfield , or CSU Bakersfield ) is a public university in Bakersfield , California . It was founded in 1965 and opened in 1970 on a 375-acre ( 152 ha ) campus , becoming the 19th school in the 23-campus California State University system . The university offers 45 different Bachelor 's degrees and 21 types of Master 's degrees . The university offers a Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership ( Ed.D ) . As of fall 2018 , there were currently more than 10,000 undergraduate and graduate students at either the main campus in Bakersfield or the satellite campus , Antelope Valley Center in Lancaster , California . CSU Bakersfield has more than 50,000 alumni from its four schools : Arts and Humanities ; Business and Public Administration ; Natural Sciences , Mathematics and Engineering ; and Social Sciences and Education . The university is primarily a commuter campus serving the city of Bakersfield . CSU Bakersfield 's petroleum geology program is the only one offered by a public university west of the Rockies ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Bakersfield_Roadrunners", "summary": "The CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners ( also known as CSUB Roadrunners , and sometimes as the Bakersfield Roadrunners ) are the intercollegiate athletic teams of California State University , Bakersfield , located in Bakersfield , California ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's golf", "urls": [] }, { "value": "WAC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference", "summary": "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ." } ] }, { "value": "Dropped men 's golf", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cal State Bakersfield Roadrunners", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/California_State_University,_Bakersfield", "summary": "California State University , Bakersfield ( CSUB , Cal State Bakersfield , or CSU Bakersfield ) is a public university in Bakersfield , California . It was founded in 1965 and opened in 1970 on a 375-acre ( 152 ha ) campus , becoming the 19th school in the 23-campus California State University system . The university offers 45 different Bachelor 's degrees and 21 types of Master 's degrees . The university offers a Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership ( Ed.D ) . As of fall 2018 , there were currently more than 10,000 undergraduate and graduate students at either the main campus in Bakersfield or the satellite campus , Antelope Valley Center in Lancaster , California . CSU Bakersfield has more than 50,000 alumni from its four schools : Arts and Humanities ; Business and Public Administration ; Natural Sciences , Mathematics and Engineering ; and Social Sciences and Education . The university is primarily a commuter campus serving the city of Bakersfield . CSU Bakersfield 's petroleum geology program is the only one offered by a public university west of the Rockies ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Bakersfield_Roadrunners", "summary": "The CSU Bakersfield Roadrunners ( also known as CSUB Roadrunners , and sometimes as the Bakersfield Roadrunners ) are the intercollegiate athletic teams of California State University , Bakersfield , located in Bakersfield , California ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's water polo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MPSF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_Pacific_Sports_Federation", "summary": "The Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) is a college athletic conference with members located mostly in the western United States , although it now has members as far east as Oklahoma . The conference participates at the NCAA Division I level , primarily in Olympic sports that are not directly sponsored by a school 's home conference ( such as the Pac-12 and Big West , whose members all participate in MPSF competition in at least one of its sports ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Dropped women 's water polo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cal State Northridge Matadors", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge", "summary": "California State University , Northridge ( CSUN /ˈsiːsʌn/ or Cal State Northridge ) is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles , California . With a total enrollment of 38,391 students ( as of Fall 2019 ) , it has the largest undergraduate population as well as the second largest total student body of the 23-campus California State University system , making it one of the largest comprehensive universities in the United States in terms of enrollment size . The size of CSUN also has a major impact on the California economy , with an estimated $ 1.9 billion in economic output generated by CSUN on a yearly basis . As of Fall 2019 , the university had 2,139 faculty , of which 805 ( or about 40% ) were tenured or on the tenure track . California State University , Northridge was founded first as the Valley satellite campus of California State University , Los Angeles . It then became an independent college in 1958 as San Fernando Valley State College , with major campus master planning and construction . The university adopted its current name of California State University , Northridge in 1972 . The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused $ 400 million in damage to the campus , the heaviest damage ever sustained by an American college campus . The university offers 134 different bachelor 's degrees and master 's degree programs in 70 different fields , as well as four doctoral degrees ( two Doctor of Education degrees , a Doctor of Audiology , and a Doctor of Physical Therapy ) and 24 teaching credentials . It is classified among Master 's Colleges & Universities : Larger Programs . CSUN is considered to be one of the most diverse universities in the nation and currently has over 350,000 alumni . Additionally , CSUN has been consistently recognized as having one of the best film schools as well as music schools in the U.S. and in the world ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Northridge_Matadors", "summary": "The Cal State Northridge Matadors are the athletic teams that represent California State University , Northridge in Northridge , Los Angeles , California . The Matadors field 17 teams in nineteen sports . The Matadors compete in NCAA Division I and are members of the Big West Conference . CSUN has been a member of the Big West Conference since the summer of 2001 for most sports . The men 's and women 's indoor track and field teams compete in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation instead . Men 's volleyball also competed in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation , but will compete in the Big West beginning in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's volleyball", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MPSF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_Pacific_Sports_Federation", "summary": "The Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) is a college athletic conference with members located mostly in the western United States , although it now has members as far east as Oklahoma . The conference participates at the NCAA Division I level , primarily in Olympic sports that are not directly sponsored by a school 's home conference ( such as the Pac-12 and Big West , whose members all participate in MPSF competition in at least one of its sports ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Big West", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_West_Conference", "summary": "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ." } ] }, { "value": "California Golden Bears", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley", "summary": "The University of California , Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public research university in Berkeley , California . Founded in 1868 , it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California . Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $ 789 million in R & D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . Today , Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory - and is home to many institutes , including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory . Through its partner institution University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center . As of October 2019 [ update ] , Berkeley alumni , faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates , the third most of any university worldwide , as well as 25 Turing Award winners , and 14 Fields Medalists . They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes , 45 MacArthur Fellowships , 20 Academy Awards , 19 Pulitzer Prizes , and 207 Olympic medals . In 1930 , Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley , based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements - more than any other university . During the 1940s , Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer , the Father of the Atomic Bomb , led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb . In the 1960s , Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti-Vietnam War movement led by its students . In the 21st century , Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide , including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/California_Golden_Bears", "summary": "The California Golden Bears are the athletic teams that represent the University of California , Berkeley . Referred to in athletic competition as California or Cal , the university fields 30 varsity athletic programs and various club teams in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I primarily as a member of the Pac-12 Conference , and for a limited number of sports as a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) . Over the course of the school 's history , California has won team national titles in 13 men 's and 3 women 's sports and 107 team titles overall . Cal athletes have also competed in the Olympics for a host of different countries . Notable facilities used by the Bears include California Memorial Stadium ( football ) and Haas Pavilion ( basketball and other indoor sports ) . Cal finished the 2010-11 athletic season with 1,219.50 points , earning third place in the Director 's Cup standings , the Golden Bears ' highest finish ever . Cal did not receive any points for its national championships in rugby and men 's crew because those sports are not governed by the NCAA . Cal finished 12th in the 2014-15 standings . In 2014 , Cal instituted a strict academic standard for an athlete 's admission to the university . By the 2017 academic year 80 percent of incoming student athletes were required to comply with the University of California general student requirement of having a 3.0 or higher high school grade point average . California 's nickname originated in 1895 during California 's dominant track and field team 's tour of Midwest and Eastern universities . A blue silk banner with the golden grizzly bear , the state symbol , was displayed by the team during that tour ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's lacrosse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MPSF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_Pacific_Sports_Federation", "summary": "The Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) is a college athletic conference with members located mostly in the western United States , although it now has members as far east as Oklahoma . The conference participates at the NCAA Division I level , primarily in Olympic sports that are not directly sponsored by a school 's home conference ( such as the Pac-12 and Big West , whose members all participate in MPSF competition in at least one of its sports ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Pac-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-12_Conference", "summary": "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ." } ] }, { "value": "California Baptist Lancers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/California_Baptist_University", "summary": "California Baptist University ( Cal Baptist or CBU ) is a private , Christian , liberal arts university in Riverside , California . Founded in 1950 as California Baptist College , it is affiliated with the California Southern Baptist Convention , an organization affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention . CBU is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ." }, { "url": "/wiki/California_Baptist_Lancers", "summary": "The California Baptist Lancers are the 18 varsity athletic teams that represent California Baptist University , located in Riverside , California , in NCAA Division I intercollegiate sports . The Lancers compete as members of the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) for most sports . Several Lancers teams compete in other conferences in sports that the WAC does not sponsor . Men 's water polo competes in the Western Water Polo Association and women 's water polo competes in the Golden Coast Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's volleyball", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MPSF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_Pacific_Sports_Federation", "summary": "The Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) is a college athletic conference with members located mostly in the western United States , although it now has members as far east as Oklahoma . The conference participates at the NCAA Division I level , primarily in Olympic sports that are not directly sponsored by a school 's home conference ( such as the Pac-12 and Big West , whose members all participate in MPSF competition in at least one of its sports ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Dropped men 's volleyball", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Central Michigan Chippewas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Central_Michigan_University", "summary": "Central Michigan University ( CMU ) is a public research university in Mount Pleasant , Michigan . Established in 1892 , Central Michigan University has more than 20,000 students on its Mount Pleasant campus and 7,000 students enrolled online at more than 60 locations worldwide . CMU offers 200 academic programs at the undergraduate , master 's , specialist , and doctoral levels , including programs in entrepreneurship , journalism , music , audiology , teacher education , psychology , and physician assistant . The School of Engineering and Technology has ABET accredited programs in Mechanical , Electrical , and Computer Engineering . CMU has also established a College of Medicine , which opened in fall 2013 . CMU competes in the NCAA Division I Mid-American Conference in six men 's and ten women 's sports ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Central_Michigan_Chippewas", "summary": "The Central Michigan Chippewas are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Central Michigan University ( CMU ) , located in Mount Pleasant , Michigan . The school fields sixteen men 's and women 's intercollegiate teams that compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level . CMU was a member of the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference from 1950 to 1970 . The school 's athletics programs are affiliated with the NCAA and compete in the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) with the exception of women 's lacrosse , which competes in the Southern Conference . The school colors are maroon and gold , and the school , and its students and alumni are referred to as Chippewas which is sometimes shortened to Chips . The nickname is used with consent of the nearby Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe . The university was placed on the NCAA 's list of schools with hostile or abusive nicknames in August 2005 , but appealed the decision , with the support of the Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation . On September 2 , 2005 the university announced that their appeal of the decision had been upheld ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's lacrosse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ASUN", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_Sun_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic Sun Conference , branded as the ASUN Conference , is a collegiate athletic conference operating mostly in the Southeastern United States . The league participates at the NCAA Division I level , and does not sponsor football . Originally established as the Trans America Athletic Conference ( TAAC ) in 1978 , its headquarters are located in Macon , Georgia . The conference has seen several changes in its membership in recent years . First , the 2014 departure of East Tennessee State University and Mercer University to the Southern Conference left the ASUN with eight members . Northern Kentucky University ( transitioning from NCAA Division II sports to Division I ) left the conference to join the Horizon League and was replaced by the New Jersey Institute of Technology ( NJIT ) , previously the only Division I basketball independent , in 2015 . The ASUN membership expanded to nine members in 2018 . The University of South Carolina Upstate ( USC Upstate ) left the ASUN to join the Big South Conference after the 2017-18 season , but two new schools joined . The University of North Alabama arrived from the Division II Gulf South Conference , and Liberty University left the Big South for the ASUN . The ASUN 's next change of membership will occur in 2020-21 with the arrival of Bellarmine University from the Division II Great Lakes Valley Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "SoCon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Conference", "summary": "The Southern Conference ( SoCon ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-AA ) . Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama , Georgia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , and Virginia . Established in 1921 , the Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college athletic conference in the United States , and either the third- or fourth-oldest in continuous operation , depending on definitions . Among conferences currently in operation , the Big Ten ( 1896 ) and Missouri Valley ( 1907 ) are indisputably older . The Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959 , but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference , founded in 1915 , as its own . The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was founded in 1914 , but ceased operation in 1996 . The Big Eight Conference claimed the same history as the Missouri Valley from 1907 to 1928 during its existence ; though it essentially merged with four SWC members to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996 , the Big 12 does not claim the Big Eight 's legacy . The Ivy League was formally organized in 1954 with athletic competition starting in 1955 , but claims the history of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League , which competed from 1901 to 1955 , as its own . The SoCon was the first conference to use the three-point field goal in basketball in a November 29 , 1980 game at Western Carolina against Middle Tennessee State University ( MTSU ) , where Ronnie Carr shot the historic shot from 22 feet ( 6.7 m ) away and the Catamounts won 77-70 . The Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball . It has also garnered considerable national attention from its recent success in these sports : in particular , former member , three-time Division I NCAA Football champion Appalachian State Mountaineers , who stunned the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines 34-32 on September 1 , 2007 ; from the Davidson Wildcats , who reached the Elite Eight in the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament by upsetting power programs Gonzaga ( a mid-major school which became a power program in the 2000s ) , Georgetown , and Wisconsin ." } ] }, { "value": "Charlotte 49ers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Charlotte", "summary": "The University of North Carolina at Charlotte ( UNC Charlotte , UNCC , or simply Charlotte ) is a public research university in Charlotte , North Carolina . UNC Charlotte offers 23 doctoral , 64 master 's , and 140 bachelor 's degree programs through nine colleges : the College of Arts + Architecture , the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences , the Belk College of Business , the College of Computing and Informatics , the Cato College of Education , the William States Lee College of Engineering , the College of Health and Human Services , the Honors College , and the University College . It has three campuses : Charlotte Research Institute Campus , Center City Campus , and the main campus , located in University City . The main campus sits on 1,000 wooded acres with approximately 85 buildings about 8 miles ( 13 km ) from Uptown Charlotte . UNC Charlotte is the largest institution of higher education in the Charlotte region . The university has experienced rapid enrollment growth of 33% over the past 10 years , making it the fastest-growing institution in the UNC System and contributing to more than 50% of the system 's growth since 2009 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Charlotte_49ers", "summary": "The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte . A founding member of Conference USA ( C-USA ) , Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference . Previously , Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's golf", "urls": [] }, { "value": "No team", "urls": [] }, { "value": "C-USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conference_USA", "summary": "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Clemson Tigers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Clemson_University", "summary": "Clemson University ( /ˈklɛmp.sən , ˈklɛm.zən/ [ note a ] ) is a public , land-grant research university in Clemson , South Carolina . Founded in 1889 , Clemson is the second-largest university in student population in South Carolina . For the fall 2017 semester , the university enrolled a total of 19,402 undergraduate students and 4,985 graduate students , and the student/faculty ratio was 18:1 . Clemson 's 1,400-acre campus is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains and sits next to Lake Hartwell . The university manages the nearby 17,500-acre Clemson Experimental Forest that is used for research , education , and recreation . Clemson University consists of seven colleges : Agriculture , Forestry and Life Sciences ; Architecture , Arts and Humanities ; Business ; Behavioral , Social and Health Sciences ; Education ; Engineering , Computing and Applied Sciences ; and Science . U.S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University tied for 24 among all national public universities . Clemson University is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Clemson_Tigers", "summary": "The Clemson Tigers are the athletic teams that represent Clemson University , located in Clemson , South Carolina . They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) sub-level for football ) , primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) for all sports since the 1953-54 season . Clemson competes for and has won multiple NCAA Division I national championships in various sports , including football , men 's soccer , and men 's golf . In 1896 , football coach Walter Riggs came to Clemson , then Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina , from Auburn University . He had always admired the Princeton Tigers , and hence gave Clemson the Tiger mascot . The Clemson Tigers field seventeen athletic teams . The South Carolina Gamecocks are Clemson 's in-state athletic rival . The two institutions compete against each other in many sports , but the annual football game receives the most attention . Clemson 's main rivals within the Atlantic Coast Conference are Georgia Tech and Florida State ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's diving", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ACC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ." } ] }, { "value": "Dropped women 's diving", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Coastal Carolina Chanticleers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coastal_Carolina_University", "summary": "Coastal Carolina University ( CCU or Coastal ) is a public liberal arts university in Conway , South Carolina . Founded in 1954 , Coastal became an independent university in 1993 . The university is a national sea-grant institution and owns part of Waties Island , an Atlantic barrier island that serves as a natural laboratory for CCU 's instruction and research . The campus is also the home of the Horry County Schools Scholars Academy , a high school for gifted students ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Coastal_Carolina_Chanticleers_football", "summary": "The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers football team represents Coastal Carolina University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football ( B ) owl Subdivision level . The Chanticleers are members of the Sun Belt Conference , fielding its teams at the FBS level since 2017 . The Chanticleers play their home games at James C. Benton Field at Brooks Stadium in Conway , South Carolina . Their current head coach is Jamey Chadwell , who took over the full-time position in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Football", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Division I FCS independent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FCS_independent_schools", "summary": "NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions in the United States whose football programs are not part of a football conference . This means that FCS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition as conference schools do . As of the next college football season of 2020 , three schools will play as FCS independents . Presbyterian will spend only the 2020 season as an independent . It began a transition to non-scholarship FCS football in 2017 and will play the final season of that transition as an FCS independent before joining the Pioneer Football League in 2021 . ( Presbyterian will remain a full but non-football Big South member . ) Also in 2020 , Dixie State and Tarleton State will move up from Division II , with both joining the non-football Western Athletic Conference . Both schools have announced they will play as FCS independents for the foreseeable future . The only school that had played as an FCS independent in the most recently completed 2019 season , North Dakota , will join the Missouri Valley Football Conference in July 2020 . The Fighting Hawks left the Big Sky Conference for the non-football Summit League in July 2018 , but agreed to honor existing contracts to play Big Sky members in football , and thus played a full Big Sky football schedule in both 2018 and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sun Belt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sun_Belt_Conference", "summary": "The Sun Belt Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that has been affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I since 1976 . Originally a non-football conference , the Sun Belt began sponsoring football in 2001 . Its football teams participate in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) . The 12 member institutions of the Sun Belt are distributed primarily across the southern United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Colorado Buffaloes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder", "summary": "The University of Colorado Boulder ( CU Boulder ) , colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado , is a public research university in Boulder , Colorado . It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 . In 2015 , the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students . Twelve Nobel Laureates , nine MacArthur Fellows , and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . The university received nearly $ 454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , and JILA . The Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference . The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships : 20 in skiing , seven total in men 's and women 's cross country , and one in football . Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Colorado_Buffaloes", "summary": "The Colorado Buffaloes are the athletic teams that represent the University of Colorado Boulder . The university sponsors 17 varsity sports teams . Both the men 's and women 's teams are called the Buffaloes ( Buffs for short ) or , rarely , the Golden Buffaloes . Lady Buffs referred to the women 's teams beginning in the 1970s , but was officially dropped in 1993 . The nickname was selected by the campus newspaper in a contest with a $ 5 prize in 1934 won by Andrew Dickson of Boulder . The university participates as a member of the Pac-12 Conference at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) level . Rick George was announced as the sixth athletic director in program history on July 17 , 2013 , following the resignation of Mike Bohn , and after an interim appointment by former Women 's Basketball Head Coach and current senior associate athletic director and senior women 's administrator Ceal Barry . Colorado has won 28 national championships in its history , with 20 in skiing , including 2015 . It was ranked # 14 of America 's Best Sports College in a 2002 analysis performed by Sports Illustrated . The University has no men 's baseball , tennis , soccer , lacrosse , or volleyball programs ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's lacrosse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MPSF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_Pacific_Sports_Federation", "summary": "The Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) is a college athletic conference with members located mostly in the western United States , although it now has members as far east as Oklahoma . The conference participates at the NCAA Division I level , primarily in Olympic sports that are not directly sponsored by a school 's home conference ( such as the Pac-12 and Big West , whose members all participate in MPSF competition in at least one of its sports ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Pac-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-12_Conference", "summary": "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ." } ] }, { "value": "Concordia-Irvine Eagles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Concordia_University_Irvine", "summary": "Concordia University Irvine ( formerly Christ College ) is a private Christian university in Irvine , California , United States . It was established in 1976 to provide a Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod college to serve the Pacific Southwest and provide training for pastors , religious education teachers , and Christian school administrators . Concordia University Irvine has a total undergraduate enrollment of 1,592 and its campus size is 70 acres ( 28 ha ) . It is one of nine colleges and universities in the Concordia University System ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Concordia_Eagles", "summary": "The Concordia Eagles are the athletic sports teams for Concordia University Irvine , located in Irvine , California , in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports . The Eagles compete as members of the Pacific West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's volleyball", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Independent", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MPSF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_Pacific_Sports_Federation", "summary": "The Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) is a college athletic conference with members located mostly in the western United States , although it now has members as far east as Oklahoma . The conference participates at the NCAA Division I level , primarily in Olympic sports that are not directly sponsored by a school 's home conference ( such as the Pac-12 and Big West , whose members all participate in MPSF competition in at least one of its sports ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Delaware State Hornets", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Delaware_State_University", "summary": "Delaware State University ( DSU or Del State ) , is a public historically black university in Dover , Delaware . DSU also has two satellite campuses , one in Wilmington and one in Georgetown . The university encompasses four colleges and a diverse population of undergraduate and advanced-degree students ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Delaware_State_Hornets", "summary": "The Delaware State Hornets are the sixteen sports teams representing Delaware State University in Dover , Delaware in intercollegiate athletics , including men and women 's basketball , cross country , tennis , and track and field ; women's-only bowling , softball , and volleyball ; and men's-only baseball . The Hornets complete in the NCAA Division I ; they have been members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference since 1970 . While most teams play in the MEAC , the women 's soccer team competes as an independent , the women 's equestrian team plays in the National Collegiate Equestrian Association , and the women 's lacrosse team competes in the Atlantic Sun Conference . The university 's Department of Intramural Sports provides a wide variety of quality recreational programs for students , faculty and staff ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's lacrosse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ASUN", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_Sun_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic Sun Conference , branded as the ASUN Conference , is a collegiate athletic conference operating mostly in the Southeastern United States . The league participates at the NCAA Division I level , and does not sponsor football . Originally established as the Trans America Athletic Conference ( TAAC ) in 1978 , its headquarters are located in Macon , Georgia . The conference has seen several changes in its membership in recent years . First , the 2014 departure of East Tennessee State University and Mercer University to the Southern Conference left the ASUN with eight members . Northern Kentucky University ( transitioning from NCAA Division II sports to Division I ) left the conference to join the Horizon League and was replaced by the New Jersey Institute of Technology ( NJIT ) , previously the only Division I basketball independent , in 2015 . The ASUN membership expanded to nine members in 2018 . The University of South Carolina Upstate ( USC Upstate ) left the ASUN to join the Big South Conference after the 2017-18 season , but two new schools joined . The University of North Alabama arrived from the Division II Gulf South Conference , and Liberty University left the Big South for the ASUN . The ASUN 's next change of membership will occur in 2020-21 with the arrival of Bellarmine University from the Division II Great Lakes Valley Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "SoCon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Conference", "summary": "The Southern Conference ( SoCon ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-AA ) . Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama , Georgia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , and Virginia . Established in 1921 , the Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college athletic conference in the United States , and either the third- or fourth-oldest in continuous operation , depending on definitions . Among conferences currently in operation , the Big Ten ( 1896 ) and Missouri Valley ( 1907 ) are indisputably older . The Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959 , but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference , founded in 1915 , as its own . The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was founded in 1914 , but ceased operation in 1996 . The Big Eight Conference claimed the same history as the Missouri Valley from 1907 to 1928 during its existence ; though it essentially merged with four SWC members to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996 , the Big 12 does not claim the Big Eight 's legacy . The Ivy League was formally organized in 1954 with athletic competition starting in 1955 , but claims the history of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League , which competed from 1901 to 1955 , as its own . The SoCon was the first conference to use the three-point field goal in basketball in a November 29 , 1980 game at Western Carolina against Middle Tennessee State University ( MTSU ) , where Ronnie Carr shot the historic shot from 22 feet ( 6.7 m ) away and the Catamounts won 77-70 . The Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball . It has also garnered considerable national attention from its recent success in these sports : in particular , former member , three-time Division I NCAA Football champion Appalachian State Mountaineers , who stunned the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines 34-32 on September 1 , 2007 ; from the Davidson Wildcats , who reached the Elite Eight in the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament by upsetting power programs Gonzaga ( a mid-major school which became a power program in the 2000s ) , Georgetown , and Wisconsin ." } ] } ], "section_title": "History -- 2017–2018", "section_text": "", "uid": "NCAA_Division_I_conference_realignment_3", "intro": "N/A" }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Colby_College_alumni", "title": "List of Colby College alumni", "header": [ "Name", "Class", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "Roland Gammon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roland_Gammon", "summary": "Roland I. Gammon was an American writer , publicist , and founder of World Authors , Ltd ." } ] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Religious author and ad-man", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thomas Savage ( novelist )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Savage_(novelist)", "summary": "Thomas Savage ( April 25 , 1915 - July 25 , 2003 ) was an American author of 13 novels published between 1944 and 1988 . He is best known for his Western novels , which drew on early experiences in the American West ." } ] }, { "value": "1940", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Novelist", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alvin Schwartz ( children 's author )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alvin_Schwartz_(children's_author)", "summary": "Alvin Schwartz ( April 25 , 1927 - March 14 , 1992 ) was an American author and journalist who wrote more than fifty books dedicated to and dealing with topics such as folklore and word play , many of which were intended for young readers ." } ] }, { "value": "1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Author of the series Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scary_Stories_to_Tell_in_the_Dark", "summary": "Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark is a series of three collections of short horror stories for children , written by Alvin Schwartz and originally illustrated by Stephen Gammell . In 2011 , HarperCollins published editions featuring new art by Brett Helquist , stirring some controversy among fans . Subsequent printings have restored the original Gammell art . The titles of the books are Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark ( 1981 ) , More Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark ( 1984 ) , and Scary Stories 3 : More Tales to Chill Your Bones ( 1991 ) . The three books each feature numerous short stories in the horror genre . Author Schwartz drew heavily from folklore and urban legends as the topic of his stories , researching extensively and spending more than a year on writing each book . Acknowledged influences include Shakespeare , T.S . Eliot , Mark Twain , Joel Chandler Harris , Bennett Cerf and Jan Harold Brunvand . The first volume was published in 1981 , and the books have subsequently been collected in both a box set and a single volume . There is also an audiobook version of each book , read by George S. Irving . The audiobooks are presented in unabridged format with the exception of a handful of missing stories from the first book . As of 2017 , the books had collectively sold more than seven million copies , and appeared on numerous childrens ' best-seller lists ." } ] }, { "value": "Robert B. Parker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_B._Parker", "summary": "Robert Brown Parker ( September 17 , 1932 - January 18 , 2010 ) was an American writer of fiction , primarily of the mystery/detective genre . His most famous works were the 40 novels written about the fictional private detective Spenser . ABC television network developed the television series Spenser : For Hire based on the character in the mid-1980s ; a series of TV movies based on the character were also produced . His works incorporate encyclopedic knowledge of the Boston metropolitan area . The Spenser novels have been cited by critics and bestselling authors such as Robert Crais , Harlan Coben , and Dennis Lehane as not only influencing their own work but reviving and changing the detective genre . Parker also wrote two other series based on an individual character : He wrote nine novels based on the fictional character Jesse Stone , a Los Angeles police officer who moves to a small New England town , and six novels based on the fictional character Sunny Randall , a female private investigator . Parker wrote four Westerns starring the duo Virgil Cole and Everett Hitch . The first , Appaloosa , was made into a film starring Ed Harris ." } ] }, { "value": "1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Author of the Spenser detective novels", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spenser_(character)", "summary": "Spenser - his first name is never officially revealed - is a fictional character in a series of detective novels initially by the American mystery writer Robert B. Parker and later by Ace Atkins . He is also featured in a television series ( Spenser : For Hire ) and a series of TV movies based on the novels ." } ] }, { "value": "Joe Perham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joe_Perham", "summary": "Joe Perham ( October 26 , 1932 - August 29 , 2013 ) was an American humorist , known for his Down East Maine humor . Perham 's humor style was an influence on Tim Sample . Sample has described Perham as a seriously funny guy with a professionally honed native wit , which inevitably leaves his audiences weak from laughter ." } ] }, { "value": "1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Humorist", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Humorist", "summary": "A humorist ( American and British English ) or humourist ( alternative British spelling ) is an intellectual who uses humor in writing or public speaking . Humorists are distinct from comedians , who are show business entertainers whose business is to make an audience laugh , though some persons have occupied both roles in the course of their careers ." } ] }, { "value": "Annie Proulx", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Annie_Proulx", "summary": "Edna Ann Proulx ( /ˈpruː/ ; born August 22 , 1935 ) is an American novelist , short story writer , and journalist . She has written most frequently as Annie Proulx but has also used the names E. Annie Proulx and E.A . Proulx . She won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for her first novel , Postcards . Her second novel , The Shipping News ( 1993 ) , won both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and was adapted as a 2001 film of the same name . Her short story Brokeback Mountain was adapted as an Academy Award , BAFTA and Golden Globe Award-winning major motion picture released in 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "ex-1957", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pulitzer Prize -winning author of The Shipping News and Brokeback Mountain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize", "summary": "The Pulitzer Prize ( /ˈpʊlɪtsər/ ) is an award for achievements in newspaper , magazine and online journalism , literature , and musical composition in the United States . It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American ( Hungarian-born ) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher , and is administered by Columbia University in New York City . Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories . In twenty of the categories , each winner receives a certificate and a US $ 15,000 cash award ( raised from $ 10,000 in 2017 ) . The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Shipping_News", "summary": "The Shipping News is a novel by American author E. Annie Proulx and published by Charles Scribner 's Sons in 1993 . It won the Pulitzer Prize , the U.S. National Book Award , as well as other awards . It was adapted as a film of the same name which was released in 2001 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain", "summary": "Brokeback Mountain is a 2005 American romantic drama film directed by Ang Lee and produced by Diana Ossana and James Schamus . Adapted from the 1997 short story of the same name by Annie Proulx , the screenplay was written by Ossana and Larry McMurtry . The film stars Heath Ledger , Jake Gyllenhaal , Anne Hathaway , and Michelle Williams and depicts the complex emotional and sexual relationship between Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist in the American West from 1963 to 1983 . Lee became attached to the project after a series of attempts to adapt the short story into a film by various directors never materialized . Focus Features would co-produce it alongside River Road Entertainment as well as distribute the film . Ledger and Gyllenhaal 's casting was announced in 2003 , and filming subsequently commenced in various locations in Canada in 2004 . The following year , Brokeback Mountain premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September and was released on December 9 , 2005 . The film received critical acclaim , mainly for Lee 's direction and Ledger , Gyllenhaal , and Williams 's performances , and was placed on many film critics ' 2005 top ten lists . It was also commercially successful , grossing $ 178 million worldwide against its $ 14 million budget , withstanding issues regarding distribution in a number of countries . The film attained awards for Best Picture and Best Director at the British Academy Film Awards , Golden Globe Awards , Producers Guild of America Awards , Critics ' Choice Movie Awards , and Independent Spirit Awards , among others . It also received nominations for eight Academy Awards , the most nominations at the 78th Academy Awards , where it won three-Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Original Score . Brokeback Mountain was also a subject of controversies , such as its loss to Crash for the Academy Award for Best Picture in an upset as well as criticism from conservative media outlets ." } ] }, { "value": "Don J. Snyder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_J._Snyder", "summary": "Don J. Snyder ( born 1950 Pennsylvania ) is an American novelist and screenwriter ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Novelist and screenwriter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gregory White Smith", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gregory_White_Smith", "summary": "Gregory White Smith ( October 4 , 1951 - April 10 , 2014 ) was an American biographer of both Jackson Pollock and Vincent van Gogh . In addition to writing 18 books with Steven Naifeh , Smith was an accomplished musician , historic preservationist , art collector , philanthropist , attorney , and businessman who founded several companies including Best Lawyers , which spawned an entire industry of professional rankings . His brain tumor , which was diagnosed in 1975 , led to 13 brain surgeries as well as radiation and nuclear medicine treatments and experimental chemotherapeutic regimens . His search for cutting-edge medical care was profiled on CBS 's 60 Minutes and recounted in his book Making Miracles Happen . Jackson Pollock : An American Saga was published in 1990 , winning the 1991 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography . The Philadelphia Inquirer called the book Brilliant and definitive … so absorbing in its narrative drive and so exhaustively detailed that it makes everything that came before seem like trial balloons . Van Gogh : The Life , which Michiko Kakutani of The New York Times called magisterial , was published in 2011 with a companion website hosting over 6,000 pages of notes . The book stirred global controversy by debunking the widely accepted theory that Van Gogh committed suicide and arguing instead that village bullies shot him . As a tale of ambition , hard-fought fleeting triumphs and dark despair , said the San Francisco Gate , it has the dramatic pull of a gripping nineteenth-century novel . … [ The ] biography enriches the eye . Its insight and vast information vault readers into the work of Van Gogh and the artists of his time . It deepens the experience of looking at art ." } ] }, { "value": "1973", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pulitzer Prize -winning author of Jackson Pollock : An American Saga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize", "summary": "The Pulitzer Prize ( /ˈpʊlɪtsər/ ) is an award for achievements in newspaper , magazine and online journalism , literature , and musical composition in the United States . It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American ( Hungarian-born ) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher , and is administered by Columbia University in New York City . Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories . In twenty of the categories , each winner receives a certificate and a US $ 15,000 cash award ( raised from $ 10,000 in 2017 ) . The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jackson_Pollock:_An_American_Saga", "summary": "Jackson Pollock : An American Saga is a 1989 biography of abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock , by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith . It was considered well-researched by Publishers Weekly and Library Journal , and inspired Ed Harris to adapt it to film as Pollock in 2000 . It was awarded the 1991 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography ." } ] }, { "value": "Jeff Gottesfeld", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeff_Gottesfeld", "summary": "Howard Jeffrey Gottesfeld ( born 1957 ) is an American novelist , playwright , and screen and television writer ." } ] }, { "value": "1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "novelist , Anne Frank and Me ; screen/TV writer , The Young and the Restless", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anne_Frank_and_Me", "summary": "Anne Frank and Me is a 2001 novel by husband-wife writing team Cherie Bennett and Jeff Gottesfeld . Inspired by the life of Anne Frank , it follows the story of a teenage girl named Nicole Burns . The story was adapted as a play in 1996 in New York City , written and directed by Cherie Bennett ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Young_and_the_Restless", "summary": "The Young and the Restless ( often abbreviated as Y & R ) is an American television soap opera created by William J . Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS . The show is set in a fictionalized version of Genoa City , Wisconsin . First broadcast on March 26 , 1973 , The Young and the Restless was originally broadcast as half-hour episodes , five times a week . The show expanded to one-hour episodes on February 4 , 1980 . In 2006 , the series began airing encore episodes weeknights on SOAPnet until 2013 , when it moved to TVGN ( now Pop ) . As of July 1 , 2013 , Pop still airs the encore episodes on weeknights . The series is also syndicated internationally . The Young and the Restless originally focused on two core families : the wealthy Brooks family and the working class Foster family . After a series of recasts and departures in the early 1980s , all the original characters except Jill Foster were written out . Bell replaced them with new core families , the Abbotts and the Williamses . Over the years , other families such as the Newmans , the Barber-Winters , and the Baldwin-Fishers were introduced ." } ] }, { "value": "Alan Taylor ( historian )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alan_Taylor_(historian)", "summary": "Alan Shaw Taylor ( born June 17 , 1955 ) is an American historian specializing in early United States history . He is the author of a number of books about the colonial history of the United States , the American Revolution and the early American Republic . Since 1995 , he has won two Pulitzer Prizes and the Bancroft Prize , and was a finalist for the National Book Award for non-fiction ." } ] }, { "value": "1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pulitzer Prize and Bancroft Prize -winning author and historian specializing in early American history", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize", "summary": "The Pulitzer Prize ( /ˈpʊlɪtsər/ ) is an award for achievements in newspaper , magazine and online journalism , literature , and musical composition in the United States . It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American ( Hungarian-born ) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher , and is administered by Columbia University in New York City . Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories . In twenty of the categories , each winner receives a certificate and a US $ 15,000 cash award ( raised from $ 10,000 in 2017 ) . The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bancroft_Prize", "summary": "The Bancroft Prize is awarded each year by the trustees of Columbia University for books about diplomacy or the history of the Americas . It was established in 1948 by a bequest from Frederic Bancroft . The prize has been generally considered to be among the most prestigious awards [ citation needed ] in the field of American history writing and comes with a $ 10,000 stipend ( raised from $ 4,000 beginning in 2004 ) . Seventeen winners had their work supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities , and 16 winners were also recipients of the Pulitzer Prize for History . The prize was affected by the post-award controversy involving the scholarship of Michael A. Bellesiles , who received the prize for his work in 2001 . Following independent investigations , Columbia University rescinded the prize for the first and only time ." } ] }, { "value": "Jane Brox", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jane_Brox", "summary": "Jane ( Martha ) Brox ( born 1956 ) is an American female author , who specializes in non-fiction works . Her father was John Brox ( 1910-1995 ) . She graduated from Colby College in 1978 and currently lives in Maine ." } ] }, { "value": "1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Author and 2007 Guggenheim Fellow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_2007", "summary": "List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Gerry Boyle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gerry_Boyle", "summary": "Gerry 'The Bee ' Boyle ( born 1956 ) is an American novelist ." } ] }, { "value": "1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Novelist and Colby English Professor", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Geoffrey Becker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Geoffrey_Becker", "summary": "Geoffrey Becker ( born 1959 ) is an American short story writer , and novelist ." } ] }, { "value": "1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Short story writer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Linda Greenlaw", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Linda_Greenlaw", "summary": "Linda Greenlaw ( born December 22 , 1960 ) is a best-selling author of books with maritime themes and the only female swordfishing boat captain on the East Coast of the United States . She was featured in the 1997 book The Perfect Storm and the film The Perfect Storm . Greenlaw wrote three best-selling books about life as a commercial fisher : The Hungry Ocean in 1999 , The Lobster Chronicles in 2002 and All Fishermen Are Liars in 2002 . Her books have climbed as high as No . 2 on the New York Times bestseller list , with The Hungry Ocean remaining on the list for three months . Greenlaw lives on Isle au Haut , Maine , and was the first female sword-fishing boat captain on the American East Coast ." } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Author of Hungry Ocean ( captain of the Hannah Boden , sister ship to the Andrea Gail which went down in The Perfect Storm 1991 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrea_Gail", "summary": "F/V Andrea Gail was a private fishing vessel that was lost at sea with all hands during the Perfect Storm of 1991 . The vessel and her six-man crew had been fishing the North Atlantic Ocean out of Gloucester , Massachusetts . Her last reported position was 180 mi ( 290 km ) northeast of Sable Island on October 28 , 1991 . The story of Andrea Gail and her crew was the basis of the 1997 book The Perfect Storm by Sebastian Junger , and a 2000 film adaptation of the same name ." } ] }, { "value": "Erika Mailman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Erika_Mailman", "summary": "Erika Mailman is an American author and journalist . Mailman was born in the United States , growing up in Vermont and attending both Colby College and the University of Arizona , Tucson . She later began writing a column for the Montclarion edition of the Contra Costa Times . She has lived in Oakland , California for the last 7 years . She has taught at Chabot College in Hayward , California . Mailman , born in Vermont to a German-American family , is the descendant of a woman who twice stood trial for witchcraft in the Salem witch trials in 1692 . Mailman 's debut novel The Witch 's Trinity reportedly sold for six-figures . It is set in a medieval German town in 1487 and examines the struggle between Christianity and pagan tradition through the story of a Christian woman on trial for witchcraft ." } ] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Author and journalist", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cecily von Ziegesar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cecily_von_Ziegesar", "summary": "Cecily Brooke von Ziegesar ( /ˌvɒn zɪˈɡeɪzər/ VON zi-GAY-zər ; born June 27 , 1970 ) is an American author best known for the young adult Gossip Girl series of novels ." } ] }, { "value": "1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Novelist , creator of Gossip Girl series", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gossip_Girl", "summary": "Gossip Girl is an American teen drama television series based on the book series of the same name written by Cecily von Ziegesar . The series , created by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage , originally ran on The CW network for six seasons from September 19 , 2007 , to December 17 , 2012 . Narrated by the omniscient blogger Gossip Girl ( voiced by Kristen Bell ) , the series revolves around the lives of privileged upper-class adolescents living in Manhattan 's Upper East Side ( UES ) . The series begins with the return of Upper East Side teenage it girl Serena van der Woodsen ( Blake Lively ) from a mysterious absence . She is reunited with her frenemy Blair Waldorf ( Leighton Meester ) and her mother Lily ( Kelly Rutherford ) , while she also meets Dan Humphrey ( Penn Badgley ) , an aspiring writer from Brooklyn . Other main characters are played by Chace Crawford , Ed Westwick , Taylor Momsen , Jessica Szohr , Matthew Settle , Connor Paolo and Kaylee DeFer . The success of Gossip Girl led to adaptations outside the United States . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning 18 Teen Choice Awards . The CW officially renewed Gossip Girl for a sixth and final season on May 11 , 2012 . The final season , consisting of 10 episodes , premiered on October 8 , 2012 and ended on December 17 , 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Stephanie Doyon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stephanie_Doyon", "summary": "Stephanie Doyon ( born Maine ) is an American novelist best known for her novel , The Greatest Man in Cedar Hole . The novel was published in 2005 by Simon & Schuster ." } ] }, { "value": "1993", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Novelist , best known for The Greatest Man in Cedar Hole", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Greatest_Man_in_Cedar_Hole", "summary": "Stephanie Doyon ( born Maine ) is an American novelist best known for her novel , The Greatest Man in Cedar Hole . The novel was published in 2005 by Simon & Schuster ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarah Langan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sarah_Langan", "summary": "Sarah Langan ( born 1974 ) is an American horror author and three-time Bram Stoker Award winner . Langan was also one of the judges for the inaugural Shirley Jackson Award and is currently on the Board of Directors ." } ] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bram Stoker Award -winning novelist", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award", "summary": "The Bram Stoker Award is a recognition presented annually by the Horror Writers Association ( HWA ) for superior achievement in dark fantasy and horror writing ." } ] }, { "value": "Drew Magary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drew_Magary", "summary": "Drew Magary ( born October 7 , 1976 ) is an American journalist , humor columnist , and novelist . He was a correspondent for GQ , has written two novels , and formerly was a long-time columnist for Deadspin . He currently writes for Gen.Medium ." } ] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Writer for Deadspin and GQ magazine ; author of The Postmortal and Someone Could Get Hurt", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rosecrans Baldwin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rosecrans_Baldwin", "summary": "Rosecrans Baldwin is an American novelist and essayist . He is also a co-founder and editor of The Morning News , an online magazine . Born in Chicago , Illinois and raised in Darien , Connecticut , Baldwin now lives in the Los Angeles , California area with his wife ." } ] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Novelist and essayist , co-founder of The Morning News", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Morning_News_(online_magazine)", "summary": "The Morning News is a U.S.-based daily online magazine founded in 1999 by Rosecrans Baldwin and Andrew Womack . It began as an email newsletter and in the fall of 2000 evolved into a news-oriented weblog with a New York focus . In October 2002 , Baldwin and Womack launched The Morning News as a daily-published online magazine . The Morning News publishes short pieces of humor , commentary , and personal essays . Other featured sections include Headlines , a twice-daily column of links to interesting , relevant , and obscure news stories and websites ; Galleries , which highlights the work of contemporary artists and authors ; and the Non-Expert , a satirical advice column . TMN also features a variety of themed blogs , including an interview series called TMN Talks and a book blog , Our Man in Boston , by Robert Birnbaum . Time listed the magazine in the 2006 edition of its 50 Coolest Websites and the Utne Reader called the site more nourishing than the newsprint diet that has previously dominated your breakfast ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Literature", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Colby_College_Alumni_5", "intro": "This list of Colby College alumni includes graduates, non-graduate former students, current students, and honorary degree recipients of Colby College. Founded in 1813, Colby's class of 2013 was the college's 200th, making a total of more than 25,000 living alumni." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_rabbits_and_hares", "title": "List of fictional rabbits and hares", "header": [ "Name", "Species", "Work", "Author", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Babbitty Rabbitty", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rabbit", "summary": "Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha ( along with the hare and the pika ) . Oryctolagus cuniculus includes the European rabbit species and its descendants , the world 's 305 breeds of domestic rabbit . Sylvilagus includes 13 wild rabbit species , among them the seven types of cottontail . The European rabbit , which has been introduced on every continent except Antarctica , is familiar throughout the world as a wild prey animal and as a domesticated form of livestock and pet . With its widespread effect on ecologies and cultures , the rabbit ( or bunny ) is , in many areas of the world , a part of daily life - as food , clothing , a companion , and as a source of artistic inspiration ." } ] }, { "value": "The Tales of Beedle the Bard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Tales_of_Beedle_the_Bard", "summary": "The Tales of Beedle the Bard is a book of children 's stories by British author J. K. Rowling . There is a storybook of the same name mentioned in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , the last book of the Harry Potter series . The book was originally produced in a limited edition of only seven copies , each handwritten and illustrated by J. K. Rowling . One of them was offered for auction through Sotheby 's in late 2007 and was expected to sell for £50,000 ( US $ 77,000 , €69,000 ) ; ultimately it was bought for £1.95 million ( $ 3 million , €2.7 million ) by Amazon , making the selling price the highest achieved at auction for a modern literary manuscript . The money earned at the auction of the book was donated to The Children 's Voice charity campaign . The book was published for the general public on 4 December 2008 , with the proceeds going to the Children 's High Level Group ( renamed Lumos in 2010 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "J. K. Rowling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/J._K._Rowling", "summary": "Joanne Rowling CH , OBE , HonFRSE , FRCPE , FRSL ( /ˈroʊlɪŋ/ ROH-ling ; born 31 July 1965 ) , better known by her pen name J. K. Rowling , is a British author , film producer , television producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . She is best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series , which has won multiple awards and sold more than 500 million copies , becoming the best-selling book series in history . The books are the basis of a popular film series , over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and was a producer on the final films . She also writes crime fiction under the name Robert Galbraith . Born in Yate , Gloucestershire , Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990 . The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother , birth of her first child , divorce from her first husband , and relative poverty until the first novel in the series , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , was published in 1997 . There were six sequels , of which the last , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , was released in 2007 . Since then , Rowling has written five books for adult readers : The Casual Vacancy ( 2012 ) and - under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith - the crime fiction Cormoran Strike series , which consists of The Cuckoo 's Calling ( 2013 ) , The Silkworm ( 2014 ) , Career of Evil ( 2015 ) , and Lethal White ( 2018 ) . Rowling has lived a rags to riches life in which she progressed from living on benefits to being the world 's first billionaire author . She lost her billionaire status after giving away much of her earnings to charity but remains one of the wealthiest people in the world . She is the UK 's best-selling living author , with sales in excess of £238 million . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling 's fortune at £600 million , ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK ." } ] }, { "value": "While at first a human witch , Babbitty transforms herself into a rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Basil Stag Hare", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hare", "summary": "Hares and jackrabbits are leporids belonging to the genus Lepus . Hares are classified in the same family as rabbits . They are similar in size and form to rabbits and have similar herbivorous diets , but generally have longer ears and live solitarily or in pairs . Also unlike rabbits , their young are able to fend for themselves shortly after birth rather than emerging blind and helpless . Most are fast runners . Hare species are native to Africa , Eurasia and North America . Five leporid species with hare in their common names are not considered true hares : the hispid hare ( Caprolagus hispidus ) , and four species known as red rock hares ( comprising Pronolagus ) . Conversely , jackrabbits are hares , rather than rabbits . A hare less than one year old is called a leveret . A group of hares is called a drove ." } ] }, { "value": "Redwall & Mattimeo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Redwall", "summary": "Redwall is a series of children 's fantasy novels by British writer Brian Jacques from 1986 to 2011 . It is also the title of the first book of the series , published in 1986 , as well as the name of the Abbey featured in the book , and is the name of an animated TV series based on three of the novels ( Redwall , Mattimeo , and Martin the Warrior ) , which first aired in 1999 . The books are primarily aimed at older children . There have been 22 novels and two picture books published . The twenty-second , and final , novel , The Rogue Crew , was posthumously released on May 3 , 2011 , after the author died on February 5 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mattimeo", "summary": "Mattimeo is a fantasy novel by Brian Jacques , published in 1989 . It is the third book in the Redwall series . It is also one of the three Redwall novels to be made into a TV series ." } ] }, { "value": "Brian Jacques", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brian_Jacques", "summary": "James Brian Jacques ( /ˈdʒeɪks/ , as in Jakes ; 15 June 1939 - 5 February 2011 ) was an English writer known for his Redwall series of novels and Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series . He also completed two collections of short stories entitled The Ribbajack & Other Curious Yarns and Seven Strange and Ghostly Tales ." } ] }, { "value": "Basil gave himself the middle name Stag because he greatly admired that animal . Basil is a bit eccentric , but an excellent fighter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benjamin Bunny", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Benjamin_Bunny", "summary": "The Tale of Benjamin Bunny is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in September 1904 . The book is a sequel to The Tale of Peter Rabbit ( 1902 ) , and tells of Peter 's return to Mr. McGregor 's garden with his cousin Benjamin to retrieve the clothes he lost there during his previous adventure . In Benjamin Bunny , Potter deepened the rabbit universe she created in Peter Rabbit , and , in doing so , suggested the rabbit world was parallel to the human world but complete and sufficient unto itself . In 1903 , Potter and her publisher decided her next book should be less complicated than her previous productions , and in Benjamin Bunny she created a simple , didactic tale for young children . The book 's masterful illustrations were based upon the several gardens at the Lake District estate of Fawe Park , where Potter spent the summer of 1903 . She was sensitive to the openings and endings of her books , and insisted Benjamin Bunny finish with the words rabbit-tobacco , a term she appropriated from the Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris , one of her literary heroes . Benjamin Bunny was an instant commercial and popular success , and thousands of copies were in print by the end of 1904 . The Times Literary Supplement thought Potter 's illustrations pencil perfect , but suggested that she engage a literary assistant for future productions . Potter created a nursery wallpaper tapping Benjamin 's image , and Benjamin returned as an adult rabbit in the Flopsy Bunnies and Mr. Tod . In 1992 , Benjamin Bunny was adapted as an episode of the BBC animated television series , The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tale of Benjamin Bunny , The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies , The Tale of Mr. Tod", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_Benjamin_Bunny", "summary": "The Tale of Benjamin Bunny is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in September 1904 . The book is a sequel to The Tale of Peter Rabbit ( 1902 ) , and tells of Peter 's return to Mr. McGregor 's garden with his cousin Benjamin to retrieve the clothes he lost there during his previous adventure . In Benjamin Bunny , Potter deepened the rabbit universe she created in Peter Rabbit , and , in doing so , suggested the rabbit world was parallel to the human world but complete and sufficient unto itself . In 1903 , Potter and her publisher decided her next book should be less complicated than her previous productions , and in Benjamin Bunny she created a simple , didactic tale for young children . The book 's masterful illustrations were based upon the several gardens at the Lake District estate of Fawe Park , where Potter spent the summer of 1903 . She was sensitive to the openings and endings of her books , and insisted Benjamin Bunny finish with the words rabbit-tobacco , a term she appropriated from the Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris , one of her literary heroes . Benjamin Bunny was an instant commercial and popular success , and thousands of copies were in print by the end of 1904 . The Times Literary Supplement thought Potter 's illustrations pencil perfect , but suggested that she engage a literary assistant for future productions . Potter created a nursery wallpaper tapping Benjamin 's image , and Benjamin returned as an adult rabbit in the Flopsy Bunnies and Mr. Tod . In 1992 , Benjamin Bunny was adapted as an episode of the BBC animated television series , The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_The_Flopsy_Bunnies", "summary": "The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in July 1909 . After two full-length tales about rabbits , Potter had grown weary of the subject and was reluctant to write another . She realized however that children most enjoyed her rabbit stories and pictures , and so reached back to characters and plot elements from The Tale of Peter Rabbit ( 1902 ) and The Tale of Benjamin Bunny ( 1904 ) to create The Flopsy Bunnies . A semi-formal garden of archways and flowerbeds in Wales at the home of her uncle and aunt became the background for the illustrations . In The Flopsy Bunnies , Benjamin Bunny and his cousin Flopsy are the parents of six young rabbits called simply The Flopsy Bunnies . The story concerns how the Flopsy Bunnies , while raiding a rubbish heap of rotting vegetables , fall asleep and are captured by Mr. McGregor who places them in a sack . While McGregor is distracted , the six are freed by Thomasina Tittlemouse , a woodmouse , and the sack filled with rotten vegetables by Benjamin and Flopsy . At home , Mr. McGregor proudly presents the sack to his wife , but receives a sharp scolding when she discovers its actual content . Modern critical commentary varies . One critic points out that the faces of the rabbits are expressionless while another argues that the cock of an ear or the position of a tail conveys what the faces lack . One critic believes the tale lacks the vitality of The Tale of Peter Rabbit which sprang from a picture and story letter to a child . Most agree though that the depictions of the garden are exquisite and some of the finest illustrations Potter created ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_Mr._Tod", "summary": "The Tale of Mr. Tod is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1912 . The tale is about a badger called Tommy Brock and his arch enemy Mr. Tod , a fox . Brock kidnaps the children of Benjamin Bunny and his wife Flopsy , intending to eat them , and hides them in an oven in the home of Mr. Tod . Benjamin and his cousin Peter Rabbit have followed Tommy Brock in an attempt to rescue the babies . When Mr. Tod finds Brock asleep in his bed , he determines to get him out of the house . His initial attempt fails , and the two eventually come to blows . Under cover of the fight , the rabbits rescue the baby rabbits . The tale was influenced by the Uncle Remus stories , and was set in the fields of Potter 's Castle Farm . Black and white illustrations outnumber those in colour . The tale is critically considered one of Potter 's most complex and successful in plot and tone . Potter 's publisher wanted Mr. Tod to be the first in a new series of Peter Rabbit tales in larger formats with elaborate bindings , but Potter disliked the idea . Nonetheless , Mr. Tod and its 1913 follower , The Tale of Pigling Bland , were published in the new formats , but the idea was eventually dropped and the ordinary bindings were adopted for reprints ." } ] }, { "value": "Beatrix Potter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beatrix_Potter", "summary": "Beatrix Potter ( /ˈbiːətrɪks/ , US /ˈbiːtrɪks/ , 28 July 1866 - 22 December 1943 ) was an English writer , illustrator , natural scientist , and conservationist best known for her children 's books featuring animals , such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Born into an upper-middle-class household , Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children . She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District , developing a love of landscape , flora , and fauna , all of which she closely observed and painted . Potters study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology . In her thirties , Potter self-published the highly successful children 's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Following this , Potter began writing and illustrating children 's books full-time . In all , Potter wrote thirty books ; the best known being her twenty-three children 's tales . With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt , in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey , a village in the Lake District which at that time was in Lancashire . Over the following decades , she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape . In 1913 , at the age of 47 , she married William Heelis , a respected local solicitor from Hawkshead . Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation . She continued to write and illustrate , and to design spin-off merchandise based on her children 's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue ." } ] }, { "value": "Son of Old Mr. Bouncer , Peter Rabbit 's cousin and eventually Flopsy 's husband and father of six bunnies", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bigwig", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Watership_Down", "summary": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams , published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972 . Set in southern England , around Hampshire , the story features a small group of rabbits . Although they live in their natural wild environment , with burrows , they are anthropomorphised , possessing their own culture , language , proverbs , poetry , and mythology . Evoking epic themes , the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home ( the hill of Watership Down ) , encountering perils and temptations along the way . Watership Down was Richard Adams ' debut novel . It was rejected by several publishers before Collings accepted the manuscript ; the published book then won the annual Carnegie Medal ( UK ) , annual Guardian Prize ( UK ) , and other book awards . The novel was adapted into an animated feature film in 1978 , and later , a television series , which ran from 1999 to 2001 . Even later , a miniseries of the story was made , which aired in the UK in 2018 , and was also put on Netflix at the same time . Adams completed a sequel almost 25 years later , in 1996 , Tales from Watership Down , [ a ] but as a collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren , instead of a novel , with Notes on Pronunciation and a Lapine Glossary ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Watership Down", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Watership_Down", "summary": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams , published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972 . Set in southern England , around Hampshire , the story features a small group of rabbits . Although they live in their natural wild environment , with burrows , they are anthropomorphised , possessing their own culture , language , proverbs , poetry , and mythology . Evoking epic themes , the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home ( the hill of Watership Down ) , encountering perils and temptations along the way . Watership Down was Richard Adams ' debut novel . It was rejected by several publishers before Collings accepted the manuscript ; the published book then won the annual Carnegie Medal ( UK ) , annual Guardian Prize ( UK ) , and other book awards . The novel was adapted into an animated feature film in 1978 , and later , a television series , which ran from 1999 to 2001 . Even later , a miniseries of the story was made , which aired in the UK in 2018 , and was also put on Netflix at the same time . Adams completed a sequel almost 25 years later , in 1996 , Tales from Watership Down , [ a ] but as a collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren , instead of a novel , with Notes on Pronunciation and a Lapine Glossary ." } ] }, { "value": "Richard Adams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_Adams", "summary": "Richard George Adams ( 9 May 1920 - 24 December 2016 ) was an English novelist and writer of the books Watership Down , Shardik and The Plague Dogs . He studied modern history at university before serving in the British Army during World War II . Afterwards , he completed his studies , and then joined the British Civil Service . In 1974 , two years after Watership Down was published , Adams became a full-time author ." } ] }, { "value": "The largest , bravest rabbit of the group who escape destruction at the Sandleford warren , he is bluff and tough . While helping to defend the rabbits ' new home at Watership Down from an invasion , he famously delivers the line , My Chief Rabbit has told me to defend this run and until he says otherwise I shall stay here . Bigwig matures over the course of the novel and saves Watership Down because he used cunning as well as his strength in the climactic battle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warren_(domestic)", "summary": "A domestic warren is an artificial , enclosed establishment of animal husbandry dedicated to the raising of rabbits for meat and fur . It evolved from the Anglo-Norman concept of free warren , which had been , essentially , the equivalent of a hunting license for a given woodland ." } ] }, { "value": "Br'er Rabbit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Br'er_Rabbit", "summary": "Br'er Rabbit /ˈbrɛər/ ( Brother Rabbit ) , also spelled Bre ' r Rabbit , Bruh Rabbit or Brer Rabbit , is a central figure as Uncle Remus tells stories of the Southern United States . He is a trickster who succeeds by his wits rather than by brawn , provoking authority figures and bending social mores as he sees fit . The character was first recorded by Joel Chandler Harris in the 19th century , and later The Walt Disney Company adapted it for its 1946 animated motion picture Song of the South ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uncle Remus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uncle_Remus", "summary": "Uncle Remus is the fictional title character and narrator of a collection of black American folktales compiled and adapted by Joel Chandler Harris and published in book form in 1881 . Harris was a journalist in post-Reconstruction Atlanta , and he produced seven Uncle Remus books . He wrote these stories to represent the struggle in the Southern United States , and more specifically in the plantations . He did so by introducing tales that he had heard and framing them in the plantation context . He wrote his stories in a dialect which represented the voice of the narrators and their subculture . For this choice of framing , his collection has encountered controversy ." } ] }, { "value": "Joel Chandler Harris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joel_Chandler_Harris", "summary": "Joel Chandler Harris ( December 9 , 1848 - July 3 , 1908 ) was an American journalist , fiction writer , and folklorist best known for his collection of Uncle Remus stories . Harris was born in Eatonton , Georgia , where he served as an apprentice on a plantation during his teenage years . He spent most of his adult life in Atlanta working as an associate editor at the Atlanta Constitution . Harris led two professional lives : as the editor and journalist known as Joe Harris , he supported a vision of the New South with the editor Henry W. Grady ( 1880-1889 ) , stressing regional and racial reconciliation after the Reconstruction era . As Joel Chandler Harris , fiction writer and folklorist , he wrote many 'Brer Rabbit ' stories from the African-American oral tradition and helped to revolutionize literature in the process ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bunnicula", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bunnicula", "summary": "Bunnicula is a children 's book series written by Deborah and James Howe , featuring a vampire rabbit named Bunnicula who sucks the juice out of vegetables . Alternatively , Bunnicula is the main title of the first book in the series , published by Atheneum Books in April 1979 . Deborah Howe died in 1978 , months before the book first saw print . The series consists of seven books , with the latest published in 2006 . The story is centered on the Monroe family and their pets and is told from the perspective of their dog Harold . The Monroes find a bunny at the theater where they were watching a Dracula film . Because of this , they name him Bunnicula . Their cat Chester , however , is convinced Bunnicula is a vampire and attempts to get Harold ( the dog ) to help save the Monroes from the perceived menace . A 1982 animated TV special ( from Ruby-Spears ) by the same name was created based on the first book and aired on the ABC Weekend Special . The animated special deviated heavily from the novels and actively depicted Bunnicula using vampiric powers , which did not occur in the novels . The full title of the first book is Bunnicula : A Rabbit-Tale of Mystery . The second and third books of the series are Howliday Inn and The Celery Stalks at Midnight ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bunnicula : A Rabbit-Tale of Mystery , Howliday Inn , The Celery Stalks at Midnight , Nighty Nightmare , Return to Howliday Inn , Bunnicula Strikes Again ! , Bunnicula Meets Edgar Allan Crow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bunnicula:_A_Rabbit-Tale_of_Mystery", "summary": "Bunnicula : A Rabbit-Tale of Mystery is a children 's novel written by Deborah Howe and James Howe , illustrated by Alan Daniel , and published by Atheneum Books in 1979 . It inaugurated the Bunnicula series and Bunnicula universe . Based on a 2007 online poll , the National Education Association named it one of the Teachers ' Top 100 Books for Children . The series chronicles the adventures of the Monroe family and their pets , Harold the dog , Chester the cat , and Bunnicula the rabbit . The novels are narrated by Harold the family dog . Deborah Howe died in June 1978 , [ citation needed ] about ten months before the book was released , and James Howe wrote the sequels alone . It has been reissued numerous times , perhaps all with the original illustrations by Alan Daniel . According to publisher Simon & Schuster sometime before 2002 , James Howe dreamed up a vampire rabbit named Bunnicula in the mid-1970s and he thinks he was inspired by movie versions of Dracula . Deborah suggested that he write a children 's book ." } ] }, { "value": "Deborah and James Howe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A vampire bunny that sucks the juice out of vegetables", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bunny Queen Janet", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Voyage to the Bunny Planet", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rosemary Wells", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rosemary_Wells", "summary": "Rosemary Wells ( born January 29 , 1943 ) is an American writer and illustrator of children 's books . She is well known for the Max & Ruby series , which follows the everyday adventures of sibling bunnies , curious three-year-old Max and bossy seven-year-old Ruby . Wells has also written Noisy Nora ( 1973 ) , Yoko ( 1998 ) , the Voyage to the Bunny Planet series , a Christmas book called Morris 's Disappearing Bag ( 1975 ) and a collected book of illustrations of Rodgers and Hammerstein songs . She has also published Red Moon at Sharpsburg ( 2007 ) , a historical novel featuring a young girl in the American Civil War . Otto Runs For President and Yoko Writes Her Name were published in 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "The queen of the Bunny Planet , who helps poor rabbit children in distress who have a bad day", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Buster Baxter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Buster_Baxter", "summary": "This is a list of characters featured in the PBS Kids television show Arthur , which is based on the book series by Marc Brown . Arthur , the titular character , is the main character of the series . The main supporting characters are D.W. , Buster , Francine , Muffy , Binky , Sue Ellen , the Brain , Mr. Ratburn , and Arthur 's parents . Over the years , the roles of each character have changed and expanded as more episodes have focused on characters besides Arthur or D.W. , most notably Buster , Francine , Muffy , Binky , Sue Ellen , and the Brain . Other supporting characters such as Fern , George , Prunella , and Jenna have also gradually had expanded roles in the series ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arthur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arthur_(TV_series)", "summary": "Arthur is a Canadian-American animated educational television series for children ages 4 to 8 , created by Cookie Jar Group ( formerly known as Cinar ) and WGBH for PBS . The show is set in the fictional American city of Elwood City , and revolves around the lives of eight-year-old Arthur Read , an anthropomorphic aardvark , his friends and family , and their daily interactions with each other . The television series is based on the Arthur Adventure book series , written and illustrated by Marc Brown . WGBH Boston along with Cinar ( now Cookie Jar Group ) began production of the animated series in 1994 , and aired its first episode on October 7 , 1996 . Since its debut , the show has broadcast 246 half hour episodes . A pilot for the spin-off series Postcards from Buster aired in December 2003 as a season 8 episode of Arthur . Postcards from Buster aired from October 11 , 2004 , to November 21 , 2008 ; the series faced several years of hiatus , until a brief revival in February 2012 , only to be cancelled after airing three unseen episodes that had been held over from the show 's third season . Arthur often deals with important issues families face such as asthma , dyslexia , cancer , diabetes , and autism spectrum disorder . It also encourages reading and relationships with family and friends by explaining that people have different personalities and interests . Arthur became one of the highest-rated shows on PBS Kids for several years since its debut , averaging almost 10 million viewers weekly in the U.S . It is aired in a total of 83 countries , including on : PBS in the United States ; Radio-Canada , Knowledge Network , TVOntario , and CBC in Canada ; several ABC channels in Australia ; and BBC One/CBBC in the UK . It is the longest-running children 's animated series in the U.S. , and the second longest-running animated series in the U.S. , behind The Simpsons ." } ] }, { "value": "Marc Brown", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marc_Brown_(author)", "summary": "Marc Tolon Brown ( born November 25 , 1946 ) is an American author and illustrator of children 's books . Brown writes as well as illustrates the Arthur book series and is best known for creating that series and its numerous spin-offs . The names of his two sons , Tolon Adam and Tucker Eliot , have been hidden in all of the Arthur books except for one . He also has a daughter named Eliza , whose name appears hidden in at least two books . He is a three-time Emmy award winner ; the Arthur TV series adapted from the books was named number one on PBS for three years ( 1997 , 2000 , 2001 ) . He has also served as an executive producer on the show since its 10th season . He currently lives in Hingham , Massachusetts ." } ] }, { "value": "A white anthropomorphic rabbit who is Arthur 's best friend and has an obsession with aliens", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cecily Parsley", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cecily Parsley 's Nursery Rhymes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cecily_Parsley's_Nursery_Rhymes", "summary": "Cecily Parsley 's Nursery Rhymes is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in December 1922 . The book is a compilation of traditional nursery rhymes such as Goosey Goosey Gander , This Little Piggy and Three Blind Mice . It was Potter 's second book of rhymes published by Warne . Merchandise generated from the tale includes Beswick Pottery porcelain figurines and Schmid music boxes ." } ] }, { "value": "Beatrix Potter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beatrix_Potter", "summary": "Beatrix Potter ( /ˈbiːətrɪks/ , US /ˈbiːtrɪks/ , 28 July 1866 - 22 December 1943 ) was an English writer , illustrator , natural scientist , and conservationist best known for her children 's books featuring animals , such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Born into an upper-middle-class household , Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children . She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District , developing a love of landscape , flora , and fauna , all of which she closely observed and painted . Potters study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology . In her thirties , Potter self-published the highly successful children 's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Following this , Potter began writing and illustrating children 's books full-time . In all , Potter wrote thirty books ; the best known being her twenty-three children 's tales . With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt , in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey , a village in the Lake District which at that time was in Lancashire . Over the following decades , she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape . In 1913 , at the age of 47 , she married William Heelis , a respected local solicitor from Hawkshead . Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation . She continued to write and illustrate , and to design spin-off merchandise based on her children 's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cottontail", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Country_Bunny_and_the_Little_Gold_Shoes", "summary": "The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes is a 1939 children 's picture book written by DuBose Heyward and illustrated by Marjorie Flack . The book , which has never been out of print , has come to be regarded as a feminist and anti-racist statement . According to James Hutchisson , professor of English at The Citadel , the book is probably based on a story made up by his mother , Jane Screven DuBose , and told to Heyward when he was a child . Before turning it into a book , Heyward used to tell the story to his own children ." } ] }, { "value": "Dubose Heyward", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dubose_Heyward", "summary": "Edwin DuBose Heyward ( August 31 , 1885 - June 16 , 1940 ) was an American author best known for his 1925 novel Porgy . He and his wife Dorothy , a playwright , adapted it as a 1927 play of the same name . The couple worked with composer George Gershwin to adapt the work as the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess . It was later adapted as a 1959 film of the same name . Heyward also wrote poetry and other novels and plays . He wrote the children 's book The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes ( 1939 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Mother of twenty-one bunnies who is picked to be an Easter Bunny and is given the little golden shoes so as to deliver a very special Easter egg to a sick child", "urls": [] }, { "value": "E. Aster Bunnymund", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Guardians of Childhood", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Guardians_of_Childhood", "summary": "William Edward Joyce ( born December 11 , 1957 ) is an American writer , illustrator , and filmmaker . His illustrations have appeared on numerous covers of The New Yorker and his paintings are displayed nationwide . For the short film The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore ( 2011 ) , Joyce won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 84th Academy Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "William Joyce", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Joyce_(writer)", "summary": "William Edward Joyce ( born December 11 , 1957 ) is an American writer , illustrator , and filmmaker . His illustrations have appeared on numerous covers of The New Yorker and his paintings are displayed nationwide . For the short film The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore ( 2011 ) , Joyce won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 84th Academy Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Edward Tulane", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Miraculous_Journey_of_Edward_Tulane", "summary": "The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane is a 2006 novel by Kate DiCamillo . Following the life of a china rabbit , the book won the 2006 Boston Globe-Horn Book Award in Fiction category ." } ] }, { "value": "Kate DiCamillo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kate_DiCamillo", "summary": "Katrina Elizabeth DiCamillo ( born March 25 , 1964 ) is an American writer of children 's fiction for all reading levels , usually featuring animals . She is one of six people to win two Newbery Medals , recognizing her novels The Tale of Despereaux ( 2003 ) and Flora & Ulysses ( 2013 ) . Her best-known books for young children are the Mercy Watson series , illustrated by Chris Van Dusen . DiCamillo was the U.S. National Ambassador for Young People 's Literature , appointed by the Library of Congress for the term comprising 2014 and 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fierce Bad Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Story of a Fierce Bad Rabbit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Story_of_a_Fierce_Bad_Rabbit", "summary": "The Story of A Fierce Bad Rabbit is a childrens book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in December 1906 . The book tells of a bad little rabbit who is fired upon by a hunter and loses his tail and whiskers . The book was intended for babies and very young children , and was originally published on a strip of paper that folded into a wallet and was tied with a ribbon . The format was unpopular with booksellers , and eventually reprinted in the standard small book format of the Peter Rabbit library . Although the book sold well , there are not many left in existence . It provides the young child with an introduction to books and the Peter Rabbit universe ." } ] }, { "value": "Beatrix Potter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beatrix_Potter", "summary": "Beatrix Potter ( /ˈbiːətrɪks/ , US /ˈbiːtrɪks/ , 28 July 1866 - 22 December 1943 ) was an English writer , illustrator , natural scientist , and conservationist best known for her children 's books featuring animals , such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Born into an upper-middle-class household , Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children . She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District , developing a love of landscape , flora , and fauna , all of which she closely observed and painted . Potters study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology . In her thirties , Potter self-published the highly successful children 's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Following this , Potter began writing and illustrating children 's books full-time . In all , Potter wrote thirty books ; the best known being her twenty-three children 's tales . With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt , in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey , a village in the Lake District which at that time was in Lancashire . Over the following decades , she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape . In 1913 , at the age of 47 , she married William Heelis , a respected local solicitor from Hawkshead . Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation . She continued to write and illustrate , and to design spin-off merchandise based on her children 's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue ." } ] }, { "value": "A bad tempered rabbit who ends up losing his whiskers and tail", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fiver", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Watership_Down", "summary": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams , published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972 . Set in southern England , around Hampshire , the story features a small group of rabbits . Although they live in their natural wild environment , with burrows , they are anthropomorphised , possessing their own culture , language , proverbs , poetry , and mythology . Evoking epic themes , the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home ( the hill of Watership Down ) , encountering perils and temptations along the way . Watership Down was Richard Adams ' debut novel . It was rejected by several publishers before Collings accepted the manuscript ; the published book then won the annual Carnegie Medal ( UK ) , annual Guardian Prize ( UK ) , and other book awards . The novel was adapted into an animated feature film in 1978 , and later , a television series , which ran from 1999 to 2001 . Even later , a miniseries of the story was made , which aired in the UK in 2018 , and was also put on Netflix at the same time . Adams completed a sequel almost 25 years later , in 1996 , Tales from Watership Down , [ a ] but as a collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren , instead of a novel , with Notes on Pronunciation and a Lapine Glossary ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Watership Down", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Watership_Down", "summary": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams , published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972 . Set in southern England , around Hampshire , the story features a small group of rabbits . Although they live in their natural wild environment , with burrows , they are anthropomorphised , possessing their own culture , language , proverbs , poetry , and mythology . Evoking epic themes , the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home ( the hill of Watership Down ) , encountering perils and temptations along the way . Watership Down was Richard Adams ' debut novel . It was rejected by several publishers before Collings accepted the manuscript ; the published book then won the annual Carnegie Medal ( UK ) , annual Guardian Prize ( UK ) , and other book awards . The novel was adapted into an animated feature film in 1978 , and later , a television series , which ran from 1999 to 2001 . Even later , a miniseries of the story was made , which aired in the UK in 2018 , and was also put on Netflix at the same time . Adams completed a sequel almost 25 years later , in 1996 , Tales from Watership Down , [ a ] but as a collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren , instead of a novel , with Notes on Pronunciation and a Lapine Glossary ." } ] }, { "value": "Richard Adams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_Adams", "summary": "Richard George Adams ( 9 May 1920 - 24 December 2016 ) was an English novelist and writer of the books Watership Down , Shardik and The Plague Dogs . He studied modern history at university before serving in the British Army during World War II . Afterwards , he completed his studies , and then joined the British Civil Service . In 1974 , two years after Watership Down was published , Adams became a full-time author ." } ] }, { "value": "An undersized rabbit who can occasionally foretell the future - a small mystical rabbit , a kind of Cassandra - he saves the lives of a dozen rabbits from the Sandleford warren , one from Cowslip 's warren , and several more from Efrafa . He is listed among The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters by Empire magazine and has been compared by some critics with oracular characters in the Lost television series", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warren_(domestic)", "summary": "A domestic warren is an artificial , enclosed establishment of animal husbandry dedicated to the raising of rabbits for meat and fur . It evolved from the Anglo-Norman concept of free warren , which had been , essentially , the equivalent of a hunting license for a given woodland ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)", "summary": "Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Bauer Consumer Media of Hamburg based Bauer Media Group . From the first issue in July 1989 , the magazine was edited by Barry McIlheney and published by Emap . Bauer purchased Emap Consumer Media in early 2008 . Published in the United Kingdom , Empire organises the annual Empire Awards which were sponsored by Sony Ericsson , and from 2009 sponsored by Jameson . The awards are voted for by readers of the magazine ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lost_(TV_series)", "summary": "Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on ABC from September 22 , 2004 , to May 23 , 2010 , over six seasons , comprising a total of 121 episodes . The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction , and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles , after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean . The story is told in a heavily serialized manner . Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island , augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved characters . Lost was created by Jeffrey Lieber , J. J. Abrams and Damon Lindelof , who share story writing credits for the pilot episode , which Abrams directed . Throughout the show 's run , Lindelof and Carlton Cuse served as showrunners and head writers , working together with many other executive producers and writers . Due to its large ensemble cast and the cost of filming primarily on location in Oahu , Hawaii , the series was one of the most expensive on television , with the pilot alone costing over $ 14 million . The fictional universe and mythology of Lost are expanded upon by a number of related media , most importantly , a series of short mini-episodes called Missing Pieces , and a 12-minute epilogue titled The New Man in Charge . Lost has regularly been ranked by critics as one of the greatest television series of all time . The first season had an estimated average of 16 million viewers per episode on ABC . During its sixth and final season , the show averaged over 11 million U.S. viewers per episode . Lost was the recipient of hundreds of industry award nominations throughout its run and won numerous of these awards , including the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 2005 , Best American Import at the British Academy Television Awards in 2005 , the Golden Globe Award for Best Drama in 2006 , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Ensemble in a Drama Series ." } ] }, { "value": "Flopsy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tale of Peter Rabbit , The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies , The Tale of Mr. Tod", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_Peter_Rabbit", "summary": "The Tale of Peter Rabbit is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter that follows mischievous and disobedient young Peter Rabbit as he gets into , and is chased about , the garden of Mr. McGregor . He escapes and returns home to his mother , who puts him to bed after dosing him with chamomile tea . The tale was written for five-year-old Noel Moore , son of Potter 's former governess Annie Carter Moore , in 1893 . It was revised and privately printed by Potter in 1901 after several publishers ' rejections , but was printed in a trade edition by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1902 . The book was a success , and multiple reprints were issued in the years immediately following its debut . It has been translated into 36 languages , and with 45 million copies sold it is one of the best-selling books in history . Since its release the book has generated considerable merchandise for both children and adults , including toys , dishes , foods , clothing , and videos . Potter was one of the first to be responsible for such merchandise when she patented a Peter Rabbit doll in 1903 and followed it almost immediately with a Peter Rabbit board game ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_The_Flopsy_Bunnies", "summary": "The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in July 1909 . After two full-length tales about rabbits , Potter had grown weary of the subject and was reluctant to write another . She realized however that children most enjoyed her rabbit stories and pictures , and so reached back to characters and plot elements from The Tale of Peter Rabbit ( 1902 ) and The Tale of Benjamin Bunny ( 1904 ) to create The Flopsy Bunnies . A semi-formal garden of archways and flowerbeds in Wales at the home of her uncle and aunt became the background for the illustrations . In The Flopsy Bunnies , Benjamin Bunny and his cousin Flopsy are the parents of six young rabbits called simply The Flopsy Bunnies . The story concerns how the Flopsy Bunnies , while raiding a rubbish heap of rotting vegetables , fall asleep and are captured by Mr. McGregor who places them in a sack . While McGregor is distracted , the six are freed by Thomasina Tittlemouse , a woodmouse , and the sack filled with rotten vegetables by Benjamin and Flopsy . At home , Mr. McGregor proudly presents the sack to his wife , but receives a sharp scolding when she discovers its actual content . Modern critical commentary varies . One critic points out that the faces of the rabbits are expressionless while another argues that the cock of an ear or the position of a tail conveys what the faces lack . One critic believes the tale lacks the vitality of The Tale of Peter Rabbit which sprang from a picture and story letter to a child . Most agree though that the depictions of the garden are exquisite and some of the finest illustrations Potter created ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_Mr._Tod", "summary": "The Tale of Mr. Tod is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1912 . The tale is about a badger called Tommy Brock and his arch enemy Mr. Tod , a fox . Brock kidnaps the children of Benjamin Bunny and his wife Flopsy , intending to eat them , and hides them in an oven in the home of Mr. Tod . Benjamin and his cousin Peter Rabbit have followed Tommy Brock in an attempt to rescue the babies . When Mr. Tod finds Brock asleep in his bed , he determines to get him out of the house . His initial attempt fails , and the two eventually come to blows . Under cover of the fight , the rabbits rescue the baby rabbits . The tale was influenced by the Uncle Remus stories , and was set in the fields of Potter 's Castle Farm . Black and white illustrations outnumber those in colour . The tale is critically considered one of Potter 's most complex and successful in plot and tone . Potter 's publisher wanted Mr. Tod to be the first in a new series of Peter Rabbit tales in larger formats with elaborate bindings , but Potter disliked the idea . Nonetheless , Mr. Tod and its 1913 follower , The Tale of Pigling Bland , were published in the new formats , but the idea was eventually dropped and the ordinary bindings were adopted for reprints ." } ] }, { "value": "Beatrix Potter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beatrix_Potter", "summary": "Beatrix Potter ( /ˈbiːətrɪks/ , US /ˈbiːtrɪks/ , 28 July 1866 - 22 December 1943 ) was an English writer , illustrator , natural scientist , and conservationist best known for her children 's books featuring animals , such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Born into an upper-middle-class household , Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children . She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District , developing a love of landscape , flora , and fauna , all of which she closely observed and painted . Potters study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology . In her thirties , Potter self-published the highly successful children 's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Following this , Potter began writing and illustrating children 's books full-time . In all , Potter wrote thirty books ; the best known being her twenty-three children 's tales . With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt , in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey , a village in the Lake District which at that time was in Lancashire . Over the following decades , she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape . In 1913 , at the age of 47 , she married William Heelis , a respected local solicitor from Hawkshead . Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation . She continued to write and illustrate , and to design spin-off merchandise based on her children 's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue ." } ] }, { "value": "One of Peter Rabbit 's sisters and eventually Benjamin 's wife and mother to six bunnies", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Flopsy Bunnies", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flopsy_Bunnies", "summary": "The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in July 1909 . After two full-length tales about rabbits , Potter had grown weary of the subject and was reluctant to write another . She realized however that children most enjoyed her rabbit stories and pictures , and so reached back to characters and plot elements from The Tale of Peter Rabbit ( 1902 ) and The Tale of Benjamin Bunny ( 1904 ) to create The Flopsy Bunnies . A semi-formal garden of archways and flowerbeds in Wales at the home of her uncle and aunt became the background for the illustrations . In The Flopsy Bunnies , Benjamin Bunny and his cousin Flopsy are the parents of six young rabbits called simply The Flopsy Bunnies . The story concerns how the Flopsy Bunnies , while raiding a rubbish heap of rotting vegetables , fall asleep and are captured by Mr. McGregor who places them in a sack . While McGregor is distracted , the six are freed by Thomasina Tittlemouse , a woodmouse , and the sack filled with rotten vegetables by Benjamin and Flopsy . At home , Mr. McGregor proudly presents the sack to his wife , but receives a sharp scolding when she discovers its actual content . Modern critical commentary varies . One critic points out that the faces of the rabbits are expressionless while another argues that the cock of an ear or the position of a tail conveys what the faces lack . One critic believes the tale lacks the vitality of The Tale of Peter Rabbit which sprang from a picture and story letter to a child . Most agree though that the depictions of the garden are exquisite and some of the finest illustrations Potter created ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbits", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies , The Tale of Mr. Tod", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_The_Flopsy_Bunnies", "summary": "The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in July 1909 . After two full-length tales about rabbits , Potter had grown weary of the subject and was reluctant to write another . She realized however that children most enjoyed her rabbit stories and pictures , and so reached back to characters and plot elements from The Tale of Peter Rabbit ( 1902 ) and The Tale of Benjamin Bunny ( 1904 ) to create The Flopsy Bunnies . A semi-formal garden of archways and flowerbeds in Wales at the home of her uncle and aunt became the background for the illustrations . In The Flopsy Bunnies , Benjamin Bunny and his cousin Flopsy are the parents of six young rabbits called simply The Flopsy Bunnies . The story concerns how the Flopsy Bunnies , while raiding a rubbish heap of rotting vegetables , fall asleep and are captured by Mr. McGregor who places them in a sack . While McGregor is distracted , the six are freed by Thomasina Tittlemouse , a woodmouse , and the sack filled with rotten vegetables by Benjamin and Flopsy . At home , Mr. McGregor proudly presents the sack to his wife , but receives a sharp scolding when she discovers its actual content . Modern critical commentary varies . One critic points out that the faces of the rabbits are expressionless while another argues that the cock of an ear or the position of a tail conveys what the faces lack . One critic believes the tale lacks the vitality of The Tale of Peter Rabbit which sprang from a picture and story letter to a child . Most agree though that the depictions of the garden are exquisite and some of the finest illustrations Potter created ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Tale_of_Mr._Tod", "summary": "The Tale of Mr. Tod is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1912 . The tale is about a badger called Tommy Brock and his arch enemy Mr. Tod , a fox . Brock kidnaps the children of Benjamin Bunny and his wife Flopsy , intending to eat them , and hides them in an oven in the home of Mr. Tod . Benjamin and his cousin Peter Rabbit have followed Tommy Brock in an attempt to rescue the babies . When Mr. Tod finds Brock asleep in his bed , he determines to get him out of the house . His initial attempt fails , and the two eventually come to blows . Under cover of the fight , the rabbits rescue the baby rabbits . The tale was influenced by the Uncle Remus stories , and was set in the fields of Potter 's Castle Farm . Black and white illustrations outnumber those in colour . The tale is critically considered one of Potter 's most complex and successful in plot and tone . Potter 's publisher wanted Mr. Tod to be the first in a new series of Peter Rabbit tales in larger formats with elaborate bindings , but Potter disliked the idea . Nonetheless , Mr. Tod and its 1913 follower , The Tale of Pigling Bland , were published in the new formats , but the idea was eventually dropped and the ordinary bindings were adopted for reprints ." } ] }, { "value": "Beatrix Potter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beatrix_Potter", "summary": "Beatrix Potter ( /ˈbiːətrɪks/ , US /ˈbiːtrɪks/ , 28 July 1866 - 22 December 1943 ) was an English writer , illustrator , natural scientist , and conservationist best known for her children 's books featuring animals , such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Born into an upper-middle-class household , Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children . She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District , developing a love of landscape , flora , and fauna , all of which she closely observed and painted . Potters study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology . In her thirties , Potter self-published the highly successful children 's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit . Following this , Potter began writing and illustrating children 's books full-time . In all , Potter wrote thirty books ; the best known being her twenty-three children 's tales . With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt , in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey , a village in the Lake District which at that time was in Lancashire . Over the following decades , she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape . In 1913 , at the age of 47 , she married William Heelis , a respected local solicitor from Hawkshead . Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation . She continued to write and illustrate , and to design spin-off merchandise based on her children 's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue ." } ] }, { "value": "Benjamin and Flopsy 's six children", "urls": [] }, { "value": "God", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/God", "summary": "In monotheistic thought , God is conceived of as the supreme being , creator deity , and principal object of faith . God is usually conceived as being omniscient ( all-knowing ) , omnipotent ( all-powerful ) , omnipresent ( all-present ) and as having an eternal and necessary existence . These attributes are used either in way of analogy or are taken literally . God is most often held to be incorporeal ( immaterial ) . Incorporeality and corporeality of God are related to conceptions of transcendence ( being outside nature ) and immanence ( being in nature ) of God , with positions of synthesis such as the immanent transcendence . Some religions describe God without reference to gender , while others or their translations use terminology that is gender-specific and gender-biased . God has been conceived as either personal or impersonal . In theism , God is the creator and sustainer of the universe , while in deism , God is the creator , but not the sustainer , of the universe . In pantheism , God is the universe itself . In atheism , there is an absence of belief in God . In agnosticism , the existence of God is deemed unknown or unknowable . God has also been conceived as the source of all moral obligation , and the greatest conceivable existent ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "When God Was a Rabbit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/When_God_Was_a_Rabbit", "summary": "When God Was a Rabbit is a book by Sarah Winman that was first published in 2011 . It won Winman various awards including New Writer of the Year in the Galaxy National Book Awards and was one of the books chosen by Richard & Judy in their 2011 Summer Book Club ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarah Winman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sarah_Winman", "summary": "Sarah Winman ( born 24 December 1964 in Ilford , Essex ) is a British author and actress ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grandfather Bunny", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Country_Bunny_and_the_Little_Gold_Shoes", "summary": "The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes is a 1939 children 's picture book written by DuBose Heyward and illustrated by Marjorie Flack . The book , which has never been out of print , has come to be regarded as a feminist and anti-racist statement . According to James Hutchisson , professor of English at The Citadel , the book is probably based on a story made up by his mother , Jane Screven DuBose , and told to Heyward when he was a child . Before turning it into a book , Heyward used to tell the story to his own children ." } ] }, { "value": "Dubose Heyward", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dubose_Heyward", "summary": "Edwin DuBose Heyward ( August 31 , 1885 - June 16 , 1940 ) was an American author best known for his 1925 novel Porgy . He and his wife Dorothy , a playwright , adapted it as a 1927 play of the same name . The couple worked with composer George Gershwin to adapt the work as the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess . It was later adapted as a 1959 film of the same name . Heyward also wrote poetry and other novels and plays . He wrote the children 's book The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes ( 1939 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Lives in the Palace of Easter Eggs and is responsible for picking the five kindest , swiftest , and wisest rabbits or hares as Easter Bunnies", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Harvey", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pooka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Púca", "summary": "The púca ( Irish for spirit/ghost ; plural púcaí ) , pooka , phouka is primarily a creature of Celtic folklore . Considered to be bringers both of good and bad fortune , they could help or hinder rural and marine communities . Púcaí can have dark or white fur or hair . The creatures were said to be shape-changers , which could take the appearance of horses , goats , cats , dogs , and hares . They may also take a human form , which includes various animal features , such as ears or a tail . The púca has counterparts throughout the Celtic cultures of Northwest Europe . For instance , in Welsh mythology it is named the pwca and in Cornish the Bucca . In the Channel Islands , the pouque were said to be fairies who lived near ancient stones ; in Channel Island French a cromlech , or prehistoric tomb , is referred to as a pouquelée or pouquelay ( e ) ; poulpiquet and polpegan are corresponding terms in Brittany ." } ] }, { "value": "Harvey ( play ) Harvey ( film )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Harvey_(play)", "summary": "Harvey is a 1944 play by the American playwright Mary Chase . Chase received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work in 1945 . It has been adapted for film and television several times , most notably in a 1950 film starring James Stewart and Josephine Hull ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Harvey_(film)", "summary": "Harvey is a 1950 American comedy-drama film based on Mary Chase 's play of the same name , directed by Henry Koster , and starring James Stewart and Josephine Hull . The story is about a man whose best friend is a pooka named Harvey - in the form of a six-foot-3.5 in . invisible rabbit ." } ] }, { "value": "Mary Chase", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mary_Coyle_Chase", "summary": "Mary Coyle Chase ( born Mary Agnes McDonough Coyle ; 25 February 1906 - 20 October 1981 ) was an American journalist , playwright and children 's novelist , known primarily for writing the Broadway play Harvey , later adapted for film starring James Stewart . She wrote fourteen plays , two children 's novels , and one screenplay , and worked seven years at the Rocky Mountain News as a journalist . Three of her plays were made into Hollywood films : Sorority House ( 1939 ) , Harvey ( 1950 ) , and Bernardine ( 1957 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Elwood P. Dowd is an affable man who claims to have an unseen ( and presumably imaginary ) friend Harvey - whom Elwood describes as a six-foot , three-and-one-half-inch tall pooka resembling an anthropomorphic rabbit . ( from Irish/Celtic mythology )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hazel / Hazel-rah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hazel_(Watership_Down)", "summary": "This is a list of characters in Watership Down , a 1972 novel by Richard Adams . The majority also appear in the 1978 feature film adaptation , the 1999 television series adaptation and/or 1996 follow-up collection of short stories . Notably , most ( though not all ) male rabbits in the story are named after plants , whereas female rabbits tend to have names in Lapine , the fictional language Adams created for the story ." } ] }, { "value": "Rabbit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Watership Down", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Watership_Down", "summary": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams , published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972 . Set in southern England , around Hampshire , the story features a small group of rabbits . Although they live in their natural wild environment , with burrows , they are anthropomorphised , possessing their own culture , language , proverbs , poetry , and mythology . Evoking epic themes , the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home ( the hill of Watership Down ) , encountering perils and temptations along the way . Watership Down was Richard Adams ' debut novel . It was rejected by several publishers before Collings accepted the manuscript ; the published book then won the annual Carnegie Medal ( UK ) , annual Guardian Prize ( UK ) , and other book awards . The novel was adapted into an animated feature film in 1978 , and later , a television series , which ran from 1999 to 2001 . Even later , a miniseries of the story was made , which aired in the UK in 2018 , and was also put on Netflix at the same time . Adams completed a sequel almost 25 years later , in 1996 , Tales from Watership Down , [ a ] but as a collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren , instead of a novel , with Notes on Pronunciation and a Lapine Glossary ." } ] }, { "value": "Richard Adams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_Adams", "summary": "Richard George Adams ( 9 May 1920 - 24 December 2016 ) was an English novelist and writer of the books Watership Down , Shardik and The Plague Dogs . He studied modern history at university before serving in the British Army during World War II . Afterwards , he completed his studies , and then joined the British Civil Service . In 1974 , two years after Watership Down was published , Adams became a full-time author ." } ] }, { "value": "Hazel becomes the Chief Rabbit of a group who flee from a disaster and create a new home on a hill called Watership Down ; the group includes Fiver , Bigwig , Blackberry , Dandelion , Pipkin , Silver , Holly , Bluebell , Speedwell , Hawkbit , Buckthorn , Acorn and many others . Hazel is loyal to all of the rabbits in his new clan ; he is a courageous pioneer ; and he is willing both to accept responsibility for his decisions and to trust his friends to make good decisions of their own", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fiver_(Watership_Down)", "summary": "This is a list of characters in Watership Down , a 1972 novel by Richard Adams . The majority also appear in the 1978 feature film adaptation , the 1999 television series adaptation and/or 1996 follow-up collection of short stories . Notably , most ( though not all ) male rabbits in the story are named after plants , whereas female rabbits tend to have names in Lapine , the fictional language Adams created for the story ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bigwig_(Watership_Down)", "summary": "This is a list of characters in Watership Down , a 1972 novel by Richard Adams . The majority also appear in the 1978 feature film adaptation , the 1999 television series adaptation and/or 1996 follow-up collection of short stories . Notably , most ( though not all ) male rabbits in the story are named after plants , whereas female rabbits tend to have names in Lapine , the fictional language Adams created for the story ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Blackberry_(Watership_Down)", "summary": "This is a list of characters in Watership Down , a 1972 novel by Richard Adams . The majority also appear in the 1978 feature film adaptation , the 1999 television series adaptation and/or 1996 follow-up collection of short stories . Notably , most ( though not all ) male rabbits in the story are named after plants , whereas female rabbits tend to have names in Lapine , the fictional language Adams created for the story ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dandelion_(Watership_Down)", "summary": "This is a list of characters in Watership Down , a 1972 novel by Richard Adams . The majority also appear in the 1978 feature film adaptation , the 1999 television series adaptation and/or 1996 follow-up collection of short stories . Notably , most ( though not all ) male rabbits in the story are named after plants , whereas female rabbits tend to have names in Lapine , the fictional language Adams created for the story ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Literature", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_fictional_rabbits_and_hares_0", "intro": "This is a list of fictional rabbits and hares. Fantasy hybrids such as Jackelopes are not listed." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira", "title": "Madeira", "header": [ "Municipality", "Population ( 2011 )", "Area", "Main settlement", "Parishes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Funchal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Funchal", "summary": "Funchal ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fũˈʃal ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city , the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal 's Autonomous Region of Madeira , bordered by the Atlantic Ocean . The city has a population of 111,892 , making it the sixth largest city in Portugal , and has been the capital of Madeira for more than five centuries . Because of its high cultural and historical value , Funchal is one of Portugal 's main tourist attractions . It is also popular as a destination for New Year 's Eve , and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings . The name is from the Portuguese word funcho ( fennel ) and the suffix -al , to denote a plantation of fennel ." } ] }, { "value": "111,892", "urls": [] }, { "value": "75.7 km ( 29.2 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Funchal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Funchal", "summary": "Funchal ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fũˈʃal ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city , the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal 's Autonomous Region of Madeira , bordered by the Atlantic Ocean . The city has a population of 111,892 , making it the sixth largest city in Portugal , and has been the capital of Madeira for more than five centuries . Because of its high cultural and historical value , Funchal is one of Portugal 's main tourist attractions . It is also popular as a destination for New Year 's Eve , and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings . The name is from the Portuguese word funcho ( fennel ) and the suffix -al , to denote a plantation of fennel ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Santa Cruz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Madeira", "summary": "Santa Cruz ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈsɐ̃tɐ ˈkɾuʃ ] ( listen ) ; Holy Cross ) is a municipality , a parish and a city in the eastern part of the island of Madeira . It is the second most populous municipality , behind Funchal . The population in 2011 was 43,005 , in an area of 81.50 km² ." } ] }, { "value": "43,005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "68.0 km ( 26.3 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Santa Cruz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Madeira", "summary": "Santa Cruz ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈsɐ̃tɐ ˈkɾuʃ ] ( listen ) ; Holy Cross ) is a municipality , a parish and a city in the eastern part of the island of Madeira . It is the second most populous municipality , behind Funchal . The population in 2011 was 43,005 , in an area of 81.50 km² ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Câmara de Lobos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Câmara_de_Lobos", "summary": "Câmara de Lobos ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈkɐmɐɾɐ ðɨ ˈloβuʃ ] ( listen ) ; lit . Sealion Chamber ) is a municipality , parish and town in the south-central coast of the island of Madeira . Technically a suburb of the much larger capital city of Funchal , it is one of the larger population centres and an extension of the Funchal economy ." } ] }, { "value": "35,666", "urls": [] }, { "value": "52.6 km ( 20.3 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Câmara de Lobos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Câmara_de_Lobos", "summary": "Câmara de Lobos ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈkɐmɐɾɐ ðɨ ˈloβuʃ ] ( listen ) ; lit . Sealion Chamber ) is a municipality , parish and town in the south-central coast of the island of Madeira . Technically a suburb of the much larger capital city of Funchal , it is one of the larger population centres and an extension of the Funchal economy ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Machico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Machico", "summary": "Machico ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ mɐˈʃiku ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality , parish and city in the southeast part of the island of Madeira , in the Autonomous Region of Madeira . The easternmost municipality on the island , it is also the third most populous area ; its population was 21,828 ( in 2011 ) . The town , proper , had a population of 10,894 in 2001 ." } ] }, { "value": "21,828", "urls": [] }, { "value": "67.6 km ( 26.1 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Machico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Machico", "summary": "Machico ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ mɐˈʃiku ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality , parish and city in the southeast part of the island of Madeira , in the Autonomous Region of Madeira . The easternmost municipality on the island , it is also the third most populous area ; its population was 21,828 ( in 2011 ) . The town , proper , had a population of 10,894 in 2001 ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ribeira Brava", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ribeira_Brava,_Madeira", "summary": "Ribeira Brava ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ʁiˈβɐjɾɐ ˈβɾavɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality on the island of Madeira , in the Portuguese Autonomous Region of Madeira . It is located along the southern coast ( approximately centre ) , and is west of Câmara de Lobos and the regional capital Funchal , south of São Vicente , and east of Ponta do Sol . The population in 2011 was 13,375 , in an area of 65.41 km² . The municipality gained its name due to its river - Ribeira Brava , which translates as 'the angry river ' . In rainy seasons , the river had an extremely strong and powerful current , that often wreaked havoc over the entire eight kilometres of the route ." } ] }, { "value": "13,375", "urls": [] }, { "value": "64.9 km ( 25.1 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ribeira Brava", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ribeira_Brava,_Madeira", "summary": "Ribeira Brava ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ʁiˈβɐjɾɐ ˈβɾavɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality on the island of Madeira , in the Portuguese Autonomous Region of Madeira . It is located along the southern coast ( approximately centre ) , and is west of Câmara de Lobos and the regional capital Funchal , south of São Vicente , and east of Ponta do Sol . The population in 2011 was 13,375 , in an area of 65.41 km² . The municipality gained its name due to its river - Ribeira Brava , which translates as 'the angry river ' . In rainy seasons , the river had an extremely strong and powerful current , that often wreaked havoc over the entire eight kilometres of the route ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Calheta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Calheta_(Madeira)", "summary": "Calheta ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ kɐˈʎetɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality on the southwest coast of Madeira , Portugal . The population in 2011 was 11,521 , in an area of 111.50 km2 ." } ] }, { "value": "11,521", "urls": [] }, { "value": "110.3 km ( 42.6 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Calheta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Calheta_(Madeira)", "summary": "Calheta ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ kɐˈʎetɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality on the southwest coast of Madeira , Portugal . The population in 2011 was 11,521 , in an area of 111.50 km2 ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ponta do Sol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ponta_do_Sol", "summary": "Ponta do Sol ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈpõtɐ ðu ˈsɔl ] ( listen ) ; English : Cape of the Sun ) is a municipality in the southwestern coast of the island of Madeira , in the archipelago of Madeira . The population in 2011 was 8,862 , in an area of 46.19 km² ." } ] }, { "value": "8,862", "urls": [] }, { "value": "46.8 km ( 18.1 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ponta do Sol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ponta_do_Sol", "summary": "Ponta do Sol ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈpõtɐ ðu ˈsɔl ] ( listen ) ; English : Cape of the Sun ) is a municipality in the southwestern coast of the island of Madeira , in the archipelago of Madeira . The population in 2011 was 8,862 , in an area of 46.19 km² ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Santana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santana,_Madeira", "summary": "Santana ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃ˈtɐnɐ ] ( listen ) ) , short form for Santa Ana ( meaning Saint Anne ) is a municipality along the northern coast of the island of Madeira , in Portuguese archipelago of the same name . The population in 2011 was 7,719 , in an area of 95.56 square kilometres ( 36.90 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "7,719", "urls": [] }, { "value": "93.1 km ( 35.9 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Santana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santana,_Madeira", "summary": "Santana ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃ˈtɐnɐ ] ( listen ) ) , short form for Santa Ana ( meaning Saint Anne ) is a municipality along the northern coast of the island of Madeira , in Portuguese archipelago of the same name . The population in 2011 was 7,719 , in an area of 95.56 square kilometres ( 36.90 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "São Vicente", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/São_Vicente,_Madeira", "summary": "São Vicente ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w viˈsẽt ( ɨ ) ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality along the north-west coast of the island of Madeira ." } ] }, { "value": "5,723", "urls": [] }, { "value": "80.8 km ( 31.2 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "São Vicente", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/São_Vicente,_Madeira", "summary": "São Vicente ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w viˈsẽt ( ɨ ) ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality along the north-west coast of the island of Madeira ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Porto Santo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Porto_Santo_(Madeira)", "summary": "Porto Santo is the only municipality of the island of Porto Santo , in the Portuguese Madeiran archipelago . It was elevated to city status on 6 August 1996 . The only parish of the municipality is also named Porto Santo . The population in 2011 was 5,483 , in an area of 42.59 km² . The main settlement on the island is Vila Baleira ." } ] }, { "value": "5,483", "urls": [] }, { "value": "42.4 km ( 16.4 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vila Baleira", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vila_Baleira", "summary": "Vila Baleira is the only city and the capital of Porto Santo Island , Madeira , Portugal . It was made a city on 7 August 1996 ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Porto Moniz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Porto_Moniz", "summary": "Porto Moniz ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈpoɾtu muˈniʃ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the northwest corner of the island of Madeira . It is located west of Santana and Machico , and northwest of Funchal . The population in 2011 was 2,711 , in an area of 82.93 km² . The municipality features a natural complex of lava pools that are popular with locals and tourists ." } ] }, { "value": "2,711", "urls": [] }, { "value": "82.6 km ( 31.9 sq mi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Porto Moniz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Porto_Moniz", "summary": "Porto Moniz ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈpoɾtu muˈniʃ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the northwest corner of the island of Madeira . It is located west of Santana and Machico , and northwest of Funchal . The population in 2011 was 2,711 , in an area of 82.93 km² . The municipality features a natural complex of lava pools that are popular with locals and tourists ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Governance", "section_text": "Map of the European Union in the world , with overseas countries and territories ( OCT ) and outermost regions ( OMR ) for which Madeira is included Administratively , Madeira ( with a population of 267,302 inhabitants in 2011 [ 52 ] ) and covering an area of 768.0 km2 ( 296.5 sq mi ) is organised into eleven municipalities : [ 53 ]", "uid": "Madeira_0", "intro": "Madeira (/məˈdɪərə/ mə-DEER-ə, also US: /-ˈdɛər-/ -⁠DAIR-, Portuguese: [mɐˈðejɾɐ, -ˈðɐj-]), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (Região Autónoma da Madeira), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (the other being the Azores). It is an archipelago situated in the north Atlantic Ocean, in a region known as Macaronesia, southwest of mainland Portugal. Its total population was estimated in 2016 at 289,000. The capital of Madeira is Funchal, which is located on the main island's south coast. The archipelago is just under 400 kilometres (250 mi) north of Canary Islands. Bermuda and Madeira, a few time zones apart, are the only land in the Atlantic on the 32nd parallel north. It includes the islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, and the Desertas, administered together with the separate archipelago of the Savage Islands. The region has political and administrative autonomy through the Administrative Political Statute of the Autonomous Region of Madeira provided for in the Portuguese Constitution. The autonomous region is an integral part of the European Union as an outermost region. Madeira generally has a very mild and moderated subtropical climate with mediterranean summer droughts and winter rain. There are many microclimates courtesy of the elevation changes. Madeira was claimed by Portuguese sailors in the service of Prince Henry the Navigator in 1419 and settled after 1420." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Japan_Golf_Tour", "title": "2012 Japan Golf Tour", "header": [ "Date", "Tournament", "Location", "Prize fund ( ¥ )", "Winner", "OWGR pts" ], "data": [ { "value": "15 Apr", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Token Homemate Cup", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Token_Homemate_Cup", "summary": "The Token Homemate Cup ( 東建ホームメイトカップ , Tōken hōmumeito kappu ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played annually since 1988 and has been an official event since 1990 . It is usually the first event played on the Japan Golf Tour season . The tournament record is 267 ( −21 ) . It was set by Wayne Perske in 2006 . The course measures 7,081 yards and the par is 71 . In 2017 , the purse was ¥130,000,000 with ¥26,000,000 going to the winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Mie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mie_Prefecture", "summary": "Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine ." } ] }, { "value": "130,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brendan Jones ( 11 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(golfer)", "summary": "Brendan Mark Jones ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won 15 times between 2002 and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tsuruya Open", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tsuruya_Open", "summary": "The Tsuruya Open ( つるやオープンゴルフトーナメント , Tsuruya ōpun gorufu tōnamento ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was played annually from 1994 to 2014 . The tournament 's to-par record was −17 ( 271 ) set by Katsumasa Miyamoto in 1998 . The aggregate record was 266 ( -18 ) set by Hideki Matsuyama in 2013 . In 2014 , the purse was ￥110,000,000 with ￥22,000,000 going to the winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Hyōgo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hyōgo_Prefecture", "summary": "Hyōgo Prefecture ( 兵庫県 , Hyōgo-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 8,400 km² ( 3,243 sq mi ) . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east , Osaka Prefecture to the southeast , and Okayama Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture to the west . Kōbe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture , and the sixth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Himeji , Nishinomiya , and Amagasaki . Hyōgo Prefecture 's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea , where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located . Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center , transportation hub , and tourist destination in western Japan , with 20% of the prefecture 's land area was designated as Natural Parks . Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area , the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world 's most productive regions by GDP ." } ] }, { "value": "110,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hiroyuki Fujita ( 12 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hiroyuki_Fujita", "summary": "Hiroyuki Fujita ( Japanese : 藤田寛之 , born 16 June 1969 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Fujita has won 18 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour and has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking , finishing in 48th position of the 2010 year-end Official World Golf Ranking . In 2012 , Fujita won four tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour en route to winning the Order of Merit ." } ] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "29 Apr", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Crowns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Crowns", "summary": "The Crowns ( 中日クラウンズ , Chūnichi kuraunzu ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . From the 10th anniversary in 1969 to the 50th anniversary in 2009 , the official name of this competition was International Invitational Golf THE CROWNS ( 国際招待ゴルフ 中日クラウンズ , Kokusai shōtai gorufu Chūnichi kuraunzu ) . The tournament record is 260 ( −20 ) . It was set by Masashi Ozaki in 1995 . The tournament has been played at the Wago Course at the Nagoya Golf Club since the tournament 's inception in 1960 . The course measures 6,557 yards and the par is 70 . The tournament has attracted some upper-tier golfers . Past winners include major winners Peter Thomson , David Graham , Scott Simpson , Greg Norman , Seve Ballesteros , Davis Love III , Darren Clarke and Justin Rose ." } ] }, { "value": "Aichi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture", "summary": "Aichi Prefecture ( 愛知県 , Aichi-ken , Japanese pronunciation : [ aitɕi̥ꜜkeɴ ] ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū . Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,552,873 ( 1 October 2019 ) and a geographic area of 5,172.92 km² ( 1,997.28 sq mi ) with a population density of 1,460 persons per km² . Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the west , Gifu Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the north , and Shizuoka Prefecture to the east . Nagoya is the capital and largest city of Aichi Prefecture , and the fourth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Toyota , Okazaki , and Ichinomiya . Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya form the core of the Chūkyō metropolitan area , the third-largest metropolitan area in Japan and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world . Aichi Prefecture is located on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast and forms part of the Tōkai region , a subregion of the Chūbu region and Kansai region . Aichi Prefecture is home to the Toyota Motor Corporation , the world 's largest automotive manufacturer , the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization , and sixth-largest company in the world by revenue , with its headquarters in the city of Toyota . Aichi Prefecture features the Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens , Chubu Centrair International Airport , and Legoland Japan Resort ." } ] }, { "value": "120,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jang Ik-jae ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jang_Ik-jae", "summary": "Jang Ik-jae ( Korean : 장익제 ; born 14 February 1973 ) , also known as I.J . Jang , is a South Korean professional golfer . Jang plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won three times ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Japan PGA Championship Nissin Cupnoodle Cup", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Japan_PGA_Championship_Nissin_Cupnoodle_Cup", "summary": "The Japan PGA Championship ( 日本プロゴルフ選手権大会 , Nihon purogorufu senshuken taikai ) is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played since 1926 . It is played at a variety of courses throughout Japan . The purse for the 2017 event was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Its title sponsor is Nissin Foods ." } ] }, { "value": "Tochigi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture", "summary": "Tochigi Prefecture ( 栃木県 , Tochigi-ken ) is a prefecture located in the Kantō region of Japan . The capital is the city of Utsunomiya . Nikkō , with its ancient Shintō shrines and Buddhist temples , is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Other famous parts of Tochigi include a region called Nasu known for onsen and local sake and ski resorts . The Imperial Family has a villa in Nasu . Nasu-Shiobara is a major Shinkansen station ." } ] }, { "value": "150,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Toru Taniguchi ( 18 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toru_Taniguchi", "summary": "Toru Taniguchi ( 谷口 徹 , Taniguchi Tōru , born 10 February 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Taniguchi was born in Nara . He has won 20 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour ( ranking 10th on the most career victories list ) , topped the money list in 2002 and 2007 , and is fourth on the career money list ( through 2018 ) . In 2001 , he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship . He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Ranking and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007 to 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Totoumi Hamamatsu Open", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Totoumi_Hamamatsu_Open", "summary": "The Totoumi Hamamatsu Open ( とおとうみ浜松オープン , Tōtoumi hamamatsu ōpun ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour in 2011 and 2012 . It was played at the Grandee Hamanako Golf Club in Hamamatsu , Shizuoka Prefecture . In 2012 , the purse was ￥100,000,000 with ￥20,000,000 going to the winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Shizuoka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture", "summary": "Shizuoka Prefecture ( 静岡県 , Shizuoka-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu . Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,637,998 ( 1 December 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 7,777.42 km² ( 3,002.88 sq mi ) . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east , Yamanashi Prefecture to the northeast , Nagano Prefecture to the north , and Aichi Prefecture to the west . Shizuoka is the capital and Hamamatsu is the largest city in Shizuoka Prefecture , with other major cities including Fuji , Numazu , and Iwata . Shizuoka Prefecture is located on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast and features Suruga Bay formed by the Izu Peninsula , and Lake Hamana which is considered to be one of Japan 's largest lakes . Mount Fuji , the tallest volcano in Japan and cultural icon of the country , is partially located in Shizuoka Prefecture on the border with Yamanashi Prefecture . Shizuoka Prefecture has a significant motoring heritage as the founding location of Honda , Suzuki , and Yamaha , and is home to the Fuji International Speedway ." } ] }, { "value": "100,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jay Choi ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jay_Choi", "summary": "Jay Choi ( born September 30 , 1983 ) is an American professional golfer . Choi was born in Kunsan , South Korea . He graduated from Gahr High School in Cerritos , California and played college golf at the University of New Mexico . Choi played the mini-tours in the U.S. for several years . He has played on the Japan Golf Tour since 2010 , and won his first title on the tour in May 2012 at the Totoumi Hamamatsu Open . He has ranked in the top-200 in the Official World Golf Ranking ." } ] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "27 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Diamond Cup Golf", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diamond_Cup_Golf", "summary": "Diamond Cup Golf ( アジアパシフィックオープンゴルフチャンピオンシップ ダイヤモンドカップゴルフ , Ajia pasifikku opun gorufu chanpionsippu Daiyamondo kappu gorufu ) is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . Since its founding in 1973 , the event has traveled throughout Japan ; different courses have hosted the event on all four major islands . In 2018 , the purse was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Beginning in 2014 , the tournament was co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour ." } ] }, { "value": "Chiba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture", "summary": "Chiba Prefecture ( 千葉県 , Chiba-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region , and the Greater Tokyo Area . The sixth most populous prefecture , and 27th largest by land area , Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the Bōsō Peninsula , which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay . Its capital is the city of Chiba ." } ] }, { "value": "120,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hiroyuki Fujita ( 13 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hiroyuki_Fujita", "summary": "Hiroyuki Fujita ( Japanese : 藤田寛之 , born 16 June 1969 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Fujita has won 18 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour and has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking , finishing in 48th position of the 2010 year-end Official World Golf Ranking . In 2012 , Fujita won four tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour en route to winning the Order of Merit ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3 Jun", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Japan Golf Tour Championship Citibank Cup Shishido Hills", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Japan_Golf_Tour_Championship_Citibank_Cup_Shishido_Hills", "summary": "The Japan Golf Tour Championship Mori Building Cup Shishido Hills ( 日本ゴルフツアー選手権 森ビルカップ 宍戸ヒルズ , Nihon gorufu tsuā senshuken moribiru kappu shishido hiruzu ) is an annual major golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . Its main sponsor is Mori Building . It was founded in 2000 . It has been played at Shishido Hills Country Club since 2003 . From 2000 to 2002 , it was played at Horai Country Club ." } ] }, { "value": "Ibaraki", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture", "summary": "Ibaraki Prefecture ( 茨城県 , Ibaraki-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu . Ibaraki Prefecture has a population of 2,871,199 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 6,097.19 km² ( 2,354.14 sq mi ) . Ibaraki Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north , Tochigi Prefecture to the northwest , Saitama Prefecture to the southwest , and Chiba Prefecture to the south . Mito is the capital and largest city of Ibaraki Prefecture , with other major cities including Hitachi , Hitachinaka , and Tsukuba . Ibaraki Prefecture is located on Japan 's eastern Pacific coast to the northeast of Tokyo , and is part of the Greater Tokyo Area , the most populous metropolitan area in the world . Ibaraki Prefecture features Lake Kasumigaura , the second-largest lake in Japan , and Mount Tsukuba , one of the most famous mountains in Japan . Ibaraki Prefecture is home to Kairaku-en , one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan , and is an important center for the martial art of Aikido ." } ] }, { "value": "150,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoshinori Fujimoto ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yoshinori_Fujimoto", "summary": "Yoshinori Fujimoto ( born 25 October 1989 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . As an amateur , Fujimoto won the individual silver medal at the 2011 Summer Universiade and led the Japan team to the gold medal . Fujimoto turned professional in 2012 and joined the Japan Golf Tour . He won his first title in June 2012 at the Japan Golf Tour Championship Citibank Cup Shishido Hills , which qualified him for the 2012 Open Championship . Yoshinori was also named the 2012 Rookie of the Year . He won again the next season at the 2013 Toshin Golf Tournament . Fujimoto was sponsored by ISPS for several years , but is now sponsored by Honma Golf . In January 2019 , Fujimoto qualified for the 2019 Open Championship with a runner-up finish at the SMBC Singapore Open . This will be his second career appearance at the Open ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24 Jun", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gateway to the Open Mizuno Open", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gateway_to_the_Open_Mizuno_Open", "summary": "The Mizuno Open ( ミズノオープン , Mizuno ōpun ) is a golf tournament played in Japan since 1971 . It has been a Japan Golf Tour event since 1979 . Beginning in 1998 , the top four finishers in the Mizuno Open that were not already exempt into The Open Championship received exemptions . There is also a mini-money list of events up to and including the Mizuno Open that earns two exemptions to The Open . This is why the event has been called Gateway to The Open ( 全英への道 , Zen'ei eno michi ) since then . It was played at the Setonaikai Golf Club in Kasaoka , Okayama from 1998 to 2006 and also from 2011 to 2014 and at the Tokinodai Country Club in Ishikawa from at least 1985 to 1997 . The purse for the 2019 event was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner . From 2007 to 2010 The Mizuno Open merged with the Yomiuri Open to form the Gateway to The Open Mizuno Open Yomiuri Classic . It was played at the Yomiuri Country Club in Nishinomiya , Hyōgo ." } ] }, { "value": "Okayama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Okayama_Prefecture", "summary": "Okayama Prefecture ( 岡山県 , Okayama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu . Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,906,464 ( 1 February 2018 ) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km² ( 2,746 sq mi ) . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north , Hyogo Prefecture to the east , and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west . Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture , with other major cities including Kurashiki , Tsuyama , and Sōja . Okayama Prefecture 's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku , which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge , while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains ." } ] }, { "value": "110,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brad Kennedy ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brad_Kennedy", "summary": "Brad Kennedy ( born 18 June 1974 ) is an Australian professional golfer ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8 Jul", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nagashima Shigeo Invitational Sega Sammy Cup", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nagashima_Shigeo_Invitational_Sega_Sammy_Cup", "summary": "The Shigeo Nagashima Invitational Sega Sammy Cup ( 長嶋茂雄Invitational セガサミーカップゴルフトーナメント , Nagashima shigeo inviteishonaru sega samī kappu gorufu tōnamento ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played annually at The North Country Golf Club near Chitose , Hokkaido since 2005 . The tournament typically took place the first week of July , but in 2019 it was played in late August . The course measured 7,167 yards and the par was 72 . The purse was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Shunsuke Sonoda set the tournament record in 2013 , shooting −20 ( 268 ) a score subsequently equalled by Ryo Ishikawa in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Hokkaidō", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hokkaidō", "summary": "Hokkaido ( 北海道 , Hokkaidō , lit . Northern Sea Circuit ; Japanese : [ hokːaꜜidoː ] ( listen ) , English : /hɒˈkaɪdoʊ/ ) is the second largest main island of Japan , and the largest and northernmost prefecture . The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu . It was formerly known as Ezo , Yezo , Yeso , or Yesso . The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel . The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital , Sapporo , which is also its only ordinance-designated city . About 43 kilometers ( 26 mi ) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands , which are administered by Russia , although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan - see Kuril Islands dispute ." } ] }, { "value": "150,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Kyoung-hoon ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lee_Kyoung-hoon", "summary": "Lee Kyoung-hoon ( Korean : 이경훈 ; born 24 August 1991 ) is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "29 Jul", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sun Chlorella Classic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sun_Chlorella_Classic", "summary": "The Sun Chlorella Classic ( サン・クロレラクラシック , San kurorera kurashikku ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 2000 to 2012 . The tournament record was −19 ( 67-67-66-69=269 ) , set by Christian Pena in 2002 . In 2012 , it was played from 26-29 July . The purse was ￥150,000,000 with ￥30,000,000 going to the winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Hokkaidō", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hokkaidō", "summary": "Hokkaido ( 北海道 , Hokkaidō , lit . Northern Sea Circuit ; Japanese : [ hokːaꜜidoː ] ( listen ) , English : /hɒˈkaɪdoʊ/ ) is the second largest main island of Japan , and the largest and northernmost prefecture . The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu . It was formerly known as Ezo , Yezo , Yeso , or Yesso . The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel . The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital , Sapporo , which is also its only ordinance-designated city . About 43 kilometers ( 26 mi ) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands , which are administered by Russia , although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan - see Kuril Islands dispute ." } ] }, { "value": "150,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brendan Jones ( 12 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(golfer)", "summary": "Brendan Mark Jones ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won 15 times between 2002 and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19 Aug", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kansai Open Golf Championship", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kansai_Open", "summary": "The Kansai Open ( 関西オープンゴルフ選手権競技 , Kansai ōpun gorufu sensyuken kyōgi ) is a golf tournament in Japan . It was an event on the Japan Golf Tour from 1973 to 1991 and returned again in 2009 . The 2019 event was the 85th edition . It is played in May at a variety of courses in Kansai region ." } ] }, { "value": "Osaka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture", "summary": "Osaka Prefecture ( 大阪府 , Ōsaka-fu ) is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshu , the main island of Japan . The capital is the city of Osaka . It is the center of Keihanshin area . Osaka is one of the two urban prefectures ( 府 , fu ) of Japan , Kyoto being the other ( Tokyo became a metropolitan prefecture , or to , in 1941 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "60,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Toshinori Muto ( 5 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toshinori_Muto", "summary": "Toshinori Muto ( born 10 March 1978 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Muto was born in Gunma Prefecture . He currently plays on the Japan Golf Tour where he has won seven times between 2006 and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "26 Aug", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vana H Cup KBC Augusta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vana_H_Cup_KBC_Augusta", "summary": "The RIZAP KBC Augusta is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . The title sponsor is the Kyushu Asahi Broadcasting . The tournament was first played in 1973 and is held in August . The event 's venue since 1992 is the Keya Golf Club in Itoshima , Fukuoka . The 2019 purse was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner . The tournament records are 262 ( aggregate ) and −26 ( to par ) set by Kazuki Higa in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Fukuoka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture", "summary": "Fukuoka Prefecture ( Japanese : 福岡県 , Hepburn : Fukuoka-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan on Kyūshū Island . The capital is the city of Fukuoka . As of 2018 , it is the ninth most populated prefecture in Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "110,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Hyung-sung ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kim_Hyung-sung", "summary": "Kim Hyung-sung ( Korean : 김형성 ; born 12 May 1980 ) is a South Korean professional golfer . Kim has played on the Japan Golf Tour since 2009 . He won his first tour event in 2012 at the Vana H Cup KBC Augusta ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Sep", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fujisankei Classic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fujisankei_Classic", "summary": "The Fujisankei Classic ( フジサンケイクラシック , Fuji sankei kurashikku ) is an annual golf event on the Japan Golf Tour . It was first played in 1973 on the Takasaka Country Club - Yoneyama Course . The tournament moved to the Higashi-Matsuyama Golf Club in 1979 and to the Kawana Hotel 's Fuji course in 1981 . The tournament has been held at the Fujizakura Country Club in Yamanashi Prefecture since 2005 . The prize fund in 2019 was ¥110,000,000 , with ¥22,000,000 going to the winner . The title sponsor is the Fujisankei Communications Group ." } ] }, { "value": "Yamanashi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecture", "summary": "Yamanashi Prefecture ( 山梨県 , Yamanashi-ken ) is a prefecture located in the Chūbu region of Japan . The prefecture is landlocked , featuring a fertile central valley , the Kōfu Basin , surrounded by many of the highest mountains in Japan including the highest , Mount Fuji located on the southern border with Shizuoka ." } ] }, { "value": "110,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Kyung-tae ( 5 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kim_Kyung-tae", "summary": "Kim Kyung-tae ( Korean : 김경태 ; born 2 September 1986 ) , also known as K.T . Kim , is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the Asian and Japan Golf Tours . He won several tournaments as an amateur , including the 2006 Japan Amateur Championship and two events on the 2006 Korean Tour . He turned professional in late 2006 and won the 2007 Maekyung Open in his second start on the Asian Tour . In 2010 , Kim won the Diamond Cup Golf , Japan Open and Mynavi ABC Championship on the Japan Golf Tour and became the first Korean golfer to lead the money list on the Tour . Kim has played in each of the four major championships , recording top-50 finishes in each , with his best being a T30 finish at the 2011 U.S. Open . He also played in the 2011 Presidents Cup , representing the International Team in a 15-19 defeat to USA . Kim finished with a 2-0-2 record . Kim won five events during the 2015 Japan Golf Tour season , which at the time took his overall total to ten tournament victories on the tour . This being a record for Korean players on the tour . He won a further three events during the 2016 season , including The Crowns , to take his number of Asian Tour victories to thirteen ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9 Sep", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Toshin Golf Tournament in Ryosen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toshin_Golf_Tournament_in_Ryosen", "summary": "The Toshin Golf Tournament was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 2010 to 2014 . It was played at the Toshin Lake Wood Golf Club in Tsu , Mie in 2010 and 2011 . It moved to the Ryosen Golf Club in Inabe , Mie in 2012 and the Toshin Golf Club , Central Course in Tomika , Gifu in 2013 . The purse for the 2014 event was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Mie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mie_Prefecture", "summary": "Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine ." } ] }, { "value": "80,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wu Ashun ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wu_Ashun", "summary": "Wu Ashun ( born 22 June 1985 ) is a Chinese professional golfer . He has won three times on the European Tour and twice on the Japan Golf Tour ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16 Sep", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ANA Open", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ANA_Open", "summary": "The ANA Open ( ANAオープンゴルフトーナメント , Ei-enu-ei ōpun golufu tōnamento ) is a Japan Golf Tour event . ANA is an acronym for All Nippon Airways , the tournament 's sponsor . First played in 1973 , it is usually held in September each year . The host venues are the Sapporo golf club Wattsu and Yuni courses . The tournament record is 268 ( −20 ) , set by Masashi Ozaki in 1994 . He currently also holds the all-time record of wins at this tournament with seven . The 2019 purse was ¥110,000,000 , of which the winner 's share was ¥22,000,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Hokkaidō", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hokkaidō", "summary": "Hokkaido ( 北海道 , Hokkaidō , lit . Northern Sea Circuit ; Japanese : [ hokːaꜜidoː ] ( listen ) , English : /hɒˈkaɪdoʊ/ ) is the second largest main island of Japan , and the largest and northernmost prefecture . The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu . It was formerly known as Ezo , Yezo , Yeso , or Yesso . The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel . The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital , Sapporo , which is also its only ordinance-designated city . About 43 kilometers ( 26 mi ) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands , which are administered by Russia , although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan - see Kuril Islands dispute ." } ] }, { "value": "110,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hiroyuki Fujita ( 14 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hiroyuki_Fujita", "summary": "Hiroyuki Fujita ( Japanese : 藤田寛之 , born 16 June 1969 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Fujita has won 18 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour and has featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking , finishing in 48th position of the 2010 year-end Official World Golf Ranking . In 2012 , Fujita won four tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour en route to winning the Order of Merit ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23 Sep", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Asia-Pacific Panasonic Open", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Panasonic_Open", "summary": "The Panasonic Open ( パナソニックオープン , panasonikku ōpun ) is a golf tournament for male golfers on the Japan Golf Tour and Asian Tour . Hosted by Panasonic , the event took place for the first time in September 2008 at Ibaraki Country Club in Ibaraki , Osaka , Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "Hyōgo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hyōgo_Prefecture", "summary": "Hyōgo Prefecture ( 兵庫県 , Hyōgo-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 8,400 km² ( 3,243 sq mi ) . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east , Osaka Prefecture to the southeast , and Okayama Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture to the west . Kōbe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture , and the sixth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Himeji , Nishinomiya , and Amagasaki . Hyōgo Prefecture 's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea , where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located . Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center , transportation hub , and tourist destination in western Japan , with 20% of the prefecture 's land area was designated as Natural Parks . Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area , the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world 's most productive regions by GDP ." } ] }, { "value": "150,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Masanori Kobayashi ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Masanori_Kobayashi", "summary": "Masanori Kobayashi ( 小林正則 , Kobayashi Masanori , born 14 February 1976 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Kobayashi has played on the Japan Golf Tour since 1999 . He won his first title in 2011 at the Totoumi Hamamatsu Open and his second at the Asia-Pacific Panasonic Open in 2012 . He also won two events on the Japan Challenge Tour in 2000 ." } ] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 Sep", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Coca-Cola Tokai Classic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coca-Cola_Tokai_Classic", "summary": "The Top Cup Tokai Classic ( トップ杯東海クラシック , Toppu-hai Tōkai kurashikku ) is an annual event on the Japan Golf Tour . It is usually played in October and in recent years at the Miyoshi Country Club West Course , Miyoshi , Aichi . It was founded in 1970 . In 2016 , it was played from September 29 to October 2 . The course measured 7,315 yards and the par was 72 . The purse in 2019 was ¥110,000,000 with ¥22,000,000 going to the winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Aichi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture", "summary": "Aichi Prefecture ( 愛知県 , Aichi-ken , Japanese pronunciation : [ aitɕi̥ꜜkeɴ ] ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū . Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,552,873 ( 1 October 2019 ) and a geographic area of 5,172.92 km² ( 1,997.28 sq mi ) with a population density of 1,460 persons per km² . Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the west , Gifu Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the north , and Shizuoka Prefecture to the east . Nagoya is the capital and largest city of Aichi Prefecture , and the fourth-largest city in Japan , with other major cities including Toyota , Okazaki , and Ichinomiya . Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya form the core of the Chūkyō metropolitan area , the third-largest metropolitan area in Japan and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world . Aichi Prefecture is located on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast and forms part of the Tōkai region , a subregion of the Chūbu region and Kansai region . Aichi Prefecture is home to the Toyota Motor Corporation , the world 's largest automotive manufacturer , the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization , and sixth-largest company in the world by revenue , with its headquarters in the city of Toyota . Aichi Prefecture features the Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens , Chubu Centrair International Airport , and Legoland Japan Resort ." } ] }, { "value": "120,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ryu Hyun-woo ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryu_Hyun-woo", "summary": "Ryu Hyun-woo ( Korean : 류현우 ; born 8 September 1981 ) is a South Korean professional golfer . Ryu has played on the Korean Tour , the OneAsia Tour since 2010 and the Japan Golf Tour since 2012 . He won on the Japan Golf Tour in September 2012 at the Coca-Cola Tokai Classic . He won the 2013 GS Caltex Maekyung Open , co-sanctioned by the OneAsia Tour and the Korean Tour ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7 Oct", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Canon Open", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canon_Open", "summary": "The Canon Open ( キヤノンオープン , Kyanon ōpun ) was an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 2008 to 2012 . It was played in October at the Totsuka Country Club in Totsuka-ku , Yokohama ." } ] }, { "value": "Kanagawa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture", "summary": "Kanagawa Prefecture ( 神奈川県 , Kanagawa-ken ) is a prefecture located in Kantō region of Japan . The capital of the prefecture is Yokohama . Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area . Kanagawa Prefecture is home to Kamakura and Hakone , two popular side trip destinations from Tokyo ." } ] }, { "value": "150,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yuta Ikeda ( 10 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yuta_Ikeda", "summary": "Yuta Ikeda ( 池田 勇太 ; born 22 December 1985 ) is a Japanese professional golfer ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14 Oct", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Japan Open Golf Championship", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Japan_Open_Golf_Championship", "summary": "The Japan Open Golf Championship ( 日本オープンゴルフ選手権競技 , Nihon ōpun gorufu senshu kenkyōgi ) is Japan 's national open golf championship . As of 2016 , it is one of the three richest tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour , with a prize fund of ¥200 million . It is also the tour 's designated Premier event for the purposes of the Official World Golf Ranking , with a minimum winner 's points allocation of 32 points . The winner also receives an invitation to the next year 's Open Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Okinawa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture", "summary": "Okinawa Prefecture ( Japanese : 沖縄県 , Hepburn : Okinawa-ken , Okinawan : ウチナー Uchinaa , Kunigami : フチナー Fuchinaa ) is the southernmost prefecture of Japan . It encompasses two thirds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) long . The Ryukyu Islands extend southwest from Kagoshima Prefecture on Kyushu ( the southwesternmost of Japan 's four main islands ) to Taiwan . Naha , Okinawa 's capital , is located in the southern part of Okinawa Island ." } ] }, { "value": "200,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenichi Kuboya ( 6 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenichi_Kuboya", "summary": "Kenichi Kuboya ( Japanese : 久保谷 健一 , born 11 March 1972 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Kuboya won four events on the Japan Golf Tour between 1997 and 2002 , picking up two wins in each of those seasons . Both of Kuboya 's wins on the Japan Golf Tour in 2002 came in playoffs against seasoned campaigners . He beat Shingo Katayama in extra holes at the Munsingwear Open KSB Cup and another win against former Open champion Todd Hamilton at the Japan PGA Championship . This remains the biggest win of his career . Kuboya had a brief stint on the PGA Tour where he played a full season in 2003 . His best finish of the year was a T13 at the 84 Lumber Classic of Pennsylvania and he was not able to keep his card . He would go back to play on the Japan Golf Tour in 2004 , where he currently plays . Kuboya played in his first major championship in 2002 at The Open Championship , where he made the cut , but did not contend on the weekend . His next major was the 2009 Open Championship at Turnberry in Scotland . He finished his first round birdie , birdie , eagle , birdie to finish in a tie for second . He would finish the tournament tied for 27th ." } ] }, { "value": "32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21 Oct", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bridgestone Open", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bridgestone_Open", "summary": "The Bridgestone Open ( ブリヂストンオープンゴルフトーナメント , Burijisuton ōpun gorufu tōnamento ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was first played in 1972 at the Mitsukaido Golf Club . In 1973 , the event moved to the Tokyo Yomiuri Country Club . Since 1974 it has held at the Sodegaura Country Club . From 1972 to 1984 , the name of this competition was Bridgestone Tournament , because it was only for professional players . The tournament record is 265 ( −23 ) , set by Yuta Ikeda in 2010 . The 2018 total purse was ¥150,000,000 with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . The winner gets an invite to the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational ." } ] }, { "value": "Chiba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture", "summary": "Chiba Prefecture ( 千葉県 , Chiba-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region , and the Greater Tokyo Area . The sixth most populous prefecture , and 27th largest by land area , Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the Bōsō Peninsula , which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay . Its capital is the city of Chiba ." } ] }, { "value": "150,000,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Toru Taniguchi ( 19 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toru_Taniguchi", "summary": "Toru Taniguchi ( 谷口 徹 , Taniguchi Tōru , born 10 February 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Taniguchi was born in Nara . He has won 20 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour ( ranking 10th on the most career victories list ) , topped the money list in 2002 and 2007 , and is fourth on the career money list ( through 2018 ) . In 2001 , he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship . He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Ranking and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007 to 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Schedule", "section_text": "The table below shows the 2012 schedule . The number in brackets after each winner 's name is the number of Japan Golf Tour events he had won up to and including that tournament . This information is only shown for Japan Golf Tour members ( does not include the four major golf championships and the World Golf Championships ) . All tournaments are played in Japan .", "uid": "2012_Japan_Golf_Tour_0", "intro": "The 2012 Japan Golf Tour season was played from 12 April to 2 December. The season will consist of 25 official money events in Japan as well as the four majors and the four World Golf Championships." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_and_boroughs_of_the_unreformed_House_of_Commons_in_1800", "title": "List of counties and boroughs of the unreformed House of Commons in 1800", "header": [ "County", "Voters ( 1800 )", "Times contested", "Dominant interests", "Comments" ], "data": [ { "value": "Bedfordshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bedfordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Bedfordshire was a United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency , which elected two Members of Parliament from 1295 until 1885 , when it was divided into two constituencies under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 ." } ] }, { "value": "2,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Russell , St John", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Under the dominant influence of the Duke of Bedford , head of the Russell family , Bedfordshire was a Whig stronghold", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Bedford", "summary": "Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year ." } ] }, { "value": "Berkshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Berkshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Berkshire was a parliamentary constituency in England , represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707 , then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885 . The county returned two knights of the shire until 1832 and three between 1832 and 1885 ." } ] }, { "value": "3,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dundas , Neville , Vansittart", "urls": [] }, { "value": "There was no single dominant family . The seats were usually shared between Tories and Whigs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Buckinghamshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Buckinghamshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Buckinghamshire is a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency . It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885 . Its most prominent member was Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli ." } ] }, { "value": "4,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cavendish Bentinck , Grenville", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Grenvilles , led after 1821 by the Duke of Buckingham , and the Cavendish-Bentincks , led by the Duke of Portland , shared the representation . There was only one contest between 1734 and 1831", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Buckingham", "summary": "Duke of Buckingham , referring to Buckingham , is a title that has been created several times in the peerages of England , Great Britain , and the United Kingdom . There have also been Earls of Buckingham and Marquesses of Buckingham ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Portland", "summary": "Earl of Portland is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England , first in 1633 and again in 1689 . What proved to be a long co-held title , Duke of Portland , was created in 1716 and ceased in 1990 on the death of the ninth Duke , when the Earldom passed to the seniormost agnatic ( solely male-line ) cousin , namely one of the 6th degree ." } ] }, { "value": "Cambridgeshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cambridgeshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Cambridgeshire is a former Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom . It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885 ." } ] }, { "value": "3,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manners , Yorke", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tory Manners family , led by the Duke of Rutland , dominated the county until 1830 , when two Whigs were elected", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Rutland", "summary": "Duke of Rutland is a title in the Peerage of England , named for Rutland , a county in the East Midlands of England . Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times ; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703 , in whose family 's line the title continues . The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy style/title of the Marquis/Marquess of Granby ." } ] }, { "value": "Cheshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cheshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Cheshire is a former United Kingdom Parliamentiary constituency for the county of Cheshire . It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 . As a county palatine it was unrepresented in the Parliament until the Chester and Cheshire ( Constituencies ) Act 1542 ( 34 & 35 Hen VIII . c. 13 ) . Cheshire was represented by two Knights of the Shire from 1545 , with only County Durham out of the English counties being left unrepresented after that . It was divided between the constituencies of North Cheshire and South Cheshire in 1832 ." } ] }, { "value": "5,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cholmondeley , Crewe , Egerton", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uncontested between 1734 and 1831 , Cheshire was a Tory stronghold , the representation shared among the leading families by agreement", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cornwall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cornwall_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Cornwall is a former county constituency covering the county of Cornwall , in the South West of England . It was a constituency of the House of Commons of England then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 . It was represented by two Knights of the Shire , elected by the bloc vote system . Under the Reform Act 1832 , it was divided between the constituencies of East Cornwall and West Cornwall ." } ] }, { "value": "2,700", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lemon , St Aubyn , Tremaine , Vyvyan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cornwalls 21 boroughs attracted candidates from all over the country , but the county seats were rarely contested , since the Whig Lemons and the Tory Tremaines usually shared the representation", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cumberland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cumberland_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Cumberland is a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency . It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 . It was represented by two Knights of the Shire . It was divided between the constituencies of Cumberland East and Cumberland West in 1832 ." } ] }, { "value": "4,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fletcher , Lowther", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The dominant northern family , the Tory Lowthers , always controlled one seat . The other usually went to a Whig family such as the Fletchers . Contests were rare", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Derbyshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Derbyshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Derbyshire is a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency . It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 . It was represented by two Knights of the Shire ." } ] }, { "value": "3,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cavendish , Curzon , Mundy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Whig Cavendish family , led by the Duke of Devonshire , always nominated one member , leaving the other to the local Tory families . As a result of this arrangement contests were very rare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Devonshire", "summary": "Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family . This ( now the senior ) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby ." } ] }, { "value": "Devon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Devon_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Devon was a parliamentary constituency covering the county of Devon in England . It was represented by two Knights of the Shire , in the House of Commons of England until 1707 , then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and finally the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 . Elections were held using the bloc vote system of elections . Under the Reform Act 1832 , it was split into two divisions , North Devon and South Devon , for the 1832 general election ." } ] }, { "value": "8,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Acland , Bastard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Despite the large electorate , the county was not contested between 1700 and 1790 , being dominated by the Tory Aclands and Bastards . The Tories were dramatically overthrown in 1831 when Lord John Russell won a seat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell", "summary": "John Russell , 1st Earl Russell , KG , GCMG , PC , FRS ( 18 August 1792 - 28 May 1878 ) , known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861 , was a leading Whig and Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1846-1852 , and 1865-1866 during the early Victorian era . The third son of the Duke of Bedford , Russell was educated at Westminister and Edinburgh University , and represented various districts in Commons including the City of London . In 1828 he took a leading role in the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts which discriminated against Protestant dissenters . In 1829 he was a leader in support of Catholic emancipation . He was a prominent leader in passing the Great Reform Act of 1832 . It was the first major reform of the representative system in two centuries , and the first step on the road to democracy and away from rule by the aristocracy and landed gentry . He favoured reduction of the property qualifications to vote but never advocated universal suffrage . He served in many high offices over the decades , including home secretary and colonial Secretary under Melbourne ; he was leader of the house under Aberdeen ; he was foreign secretary under Aberdeen and Palmerston . He was outspoken on many issues , calling for the repeal of the corn laws in 1845 , denouncing the revival of Catholic bishoprics in 1850 , supporting Italian nationalism , and keeping the nation neutral during the American Civil War . In the 1860s he sympathized with the cause of Poland and Denmark , but took no action as prime minister . Over the years he was closely associated with Palmerston , although there were stormy times as when he helped force Palmerston out as prime minister in 1851 , and in revenge Palmerston defeated his government in 1852 . Russell often acted before building a consensus among his leadership team ." } ] }, { "value": "Dorset", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dorset_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Dorset was a county constituency covering Dorset in southern England , which elected two Members of Parliament ( MPs ) , traditionally known as knights of the shire , to the House of Commons of England from 1290 until 1707 , to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 , and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until 1832 . The Great Reform Act increased its representation to three MPs with effect from the 1832 general election , and under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 the constituency was abolished for the 1885 election , and replaced by four single-member divisions : North Dorset , South Dorset , East Dorset and West Dorset . When elections were contested , the bloc vote system was used , but contests were rare . Even after the 1832 Reforms , only three of the nineteen elections before 1885 were contested ; in the others , the nominated candidates were returned without a vote ." } ] }, { "value": "3,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chaffin , Pitt , Portman , Stangways", "urls": [] }, { "value": "There was no one dominant family , although one of the members was usually a Tory Pitt . There was no contest between 1727 and 1806", "urls": [] }, { "value": "County Durham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/County_Durham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Durham or County Durham was a county constituency in northern England , which elected two Members of Parliament ( MPs ) to the House of Commons from 1675 until 1832 ." } ] }, { "value": "3,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eden , Vane", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Most of the local families were Whigs , and usually shared the representation among themselves , making contests rare", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Essex", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Essex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Essex was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1290 until 1832 . It elected two MPs , traditionally referred to as Knights of the Shire , to the House of Commons . It was divided into two single member constituencies ( Essex North and Essex South ) in the Great Reform Act ." } ] }, { "value": "6,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Abdy , Bullock , Bramston", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Essex was a large and wealthy county , close to the metropolis , and saw regular contests , usually when the Whig Bullocks and the Tory Bramstons could not agree on candidates", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gloucestershire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gloucestershire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "The constituency of Gloucestershire was a UK Parliamentary constituency . After it was abolished under the 1832 Electoral Reform Act , two new constituencies , West Gloucestershire and East Gloucestershire , were created . Gloucestershire was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England , then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 . It was represented by two Knights of the Shire ." } ] }, { "value": "6,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Berkeley , Guise , Somerset", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tory Somersets , led by the Duke of Beaufort , and two Whig families , the Berkeleys and their cousins the Guises , conducted a long feud in the county , which ended in an agreement in 1783 to share the representation . Thereafter there were no contests until 1832", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Beaufort", "summary": "Duke of Beaufort , a title in the Peerage of England , was created by Charles II in 1682 for Henry Somerset , 3rd Marquess of Worcester , a descendant of Charles Somerset , 1st Earl of Worcester , legitimized son of Henry Beaufort , 3rd Duke of Somerset , a Lancastrian leader in the Wars of the Roses . The name Beaufort refers to a castle in Champagne , France ( now Montmorency-Beaufort ) . It is the only current dukedom to take its name from a place outside the British Isles . [ citation needed ] The Dukes of Beaufort descend in the male line from the House of Plantagenet through John of Gaunt , son of Edward III . This statement was challenged after the analysis of the Y chromosomal DNA of the remains of Richard III . Most living male heirs of the 5th Duke of Beaufort were found to carry a relatively common Y chromosome type , which is different from the rare lineage found in Richard III 's remains . The instance of false paternity could have occurred anywhere in the numerous generations separating Richard III from the 5th Duke of Beaufort . The break also could have occurred with Richard III 's grandfather Richard of Conisburgh , whose paternity has been called into question although he was acknowledged by his father . The Beaufort Castle was in possession of John of Gaunt , and the surname Beaufort was given to Gaunt 's four legitimised children by his mistress and third wife , Katherine Swynford . This was the foundation of the House of Beaufort , Dukes of Somerset . A descendant of the Beauforts through his mother was Henry VII of England . Charles Somerset , 1st Earl of Worcester , KG ( c. 1460 - 15 March 1526 ) , was the bastard son of Henry Beaufort , 3rd Duke of Somerset by his mistress Joan Hill ." } ] }, { "value": "Hampshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hampshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Hampshire was a county constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , which returned two Knights of the Shire ( Members of Parliament ) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832 . ( Officially the name was The County of Southampton , and it was occasionally referred to as Southamptonshire . )" } ] }, { "value": "5,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Heathcote , Jervoise , Thistlethwayte", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tory Heathcotes and the Whig Jervoises and Thistlethwaytes were regular rivals , with the Whig Duke of Bedford using his influence in the county to assist his allies . But the Tories usually controlled the representation until being overthrown in 1831", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Bedford", "summary": "Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year ." } ] }, { "value": "Herefordshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Herefordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "The county constituency of Herefordshire , in the West Midlands of England bordering on Wales , was abolished when the county was divided for parliamentary purposes in 1885 . It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England , then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885 . The undivided county was represented from 1290 by two Knights of the Shire until 1832 and three thereafter . After the county was split two new county constituencies were created , the North division or Leominster and the South division or Ross ." } ] }, { "value": "3,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cornewall , Cotterell , Harley", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Whig Cornewalls and the Tory Harleys dominated the county until 1802 , when the Tory Cotterells entered the fray . Thereafter the Tories usually controlled the representation", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hertfordshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hertfordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Hertfordshire was a county constituency covering the county of Hertfordshire in England . It returned two Knights of the Shire to the House of Commons of England until 1707 , then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800 , and to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1800 until 1832 . The Reform Act 1832 gave the county a third seat with effect from the 1832 general election . Elections were held using the bloc vote system , when contested . However , even after the 1832 reforms , contested elections were the exception : of the 17 elections from 1832 to 1880 , 9 were uncontested , including the 1880 general election . In such cases all the nominated candidates were returned without a vote ." } ] }, { "value": "4,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brand , Plumer , Seabright", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Being close to London , Hertfordshire saw regular contests . Despite the presence of the Tory magnate the Marquess of Salisbury , the county families were mostly Whigs and after 1803 they fended off the Tories at every election", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marquess_of_Salisbury", "summary": "Marquess of Salisbury is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain . It was created in 1789 for the 7th Earl of Salisbury . Most of the holders of the title have been prominent in British political life over the last two centuries , particularly the 3rd Marquess , who served three times as Prime Minister in the late 19th and early 20th centuries ." } ] }, { "value": "Huntingdonshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Huntingdonshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Huntingdonshire was a Parliamentary constituency covering the county of Huntingdonshire in England . It was represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707 , then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 , and then in the House of Commons the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885 . It returned two Knights of the Shire ( apart from 1654 to 1659 , when it returned three ) ; when elections were contested , the bloc vote system was used . Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 , it was divided between the new single-seat county divisions of Huntingdon and Ramsey with effect from the 1885 general election . Under the Representation of the People Act 1918 , Huntingdon and Ramsey were re-united and the constituency was reconstituted , returning a single Member of Parliament ( MP ) . Subject to boundary changes for the 1983 general election , the constituency was succeeded by the re-established constituency of Huntingdon . Its MP at the time , John Major , continued to represent it ." } ] }, { "value": "1,700", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Montague", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tory Montague family , led by the Earl of Sandwich , was the dominant force in this small county , although sometimes rival members of the same family gave the Sandwich interest trouble . Only in 1831 did the Whigs manage to win a seat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Earl_of_Sandwich", "summary": "Earl of Sandwich is a noble title in the Peerage of England , held since its creation by the House of Montagu . It is nominally associated with Sandwich , Kent . It was created in 1660 for the prominent naval commander Admiral Sir Edward Montagu . He was made Baron Montagu , of St Neots in the County of Huntingdon , and Viscount Hinchingbrooke , at the same time , also in the Peerage of England . The viscountcy is used as the courtesy title by the heir apparent to the earldom . A member of the prominent Montagu family , Lord Sandwich was the son of Sir Sidney Montagu , youngest brother of Henry Montagu , 1st Earl of Manchester ( from whom the Dukes of Manchester descend ) , and Edward Montagu , 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton ( from whom the Dukes of Montagu descended ) . He was succeeded by his son , the second Earl . He briefly represented Dover in the House of Commons and served as Ambassador to Portugal and as Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire . The second Earl 's great-grandson was The 4th Earl of Sandwich , who was a prominent statesman and served as First Lord of the Admiralty and as Secretary of State for the Northern Department . Lord Sandwich is also remembered for sponsoring the voyages of discovery made by Captain James Cook , R.N. , who named the Sandwich Islands in his honour , and as the namesake of the sandwich . He was succeeded by his son , the fifth Earl . He sat as Member of Parliament for Brackley and Huntingdonshire and served as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household and as Master of the Buckhounds ." } ] }, { "value": "Kent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kent_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Kent was a parliamentary constituency covering the county of Kent in southeast England . It returned two knights of the shire ( Members of Parliament ) to the House of Commons by the bloc vote system from the year 1290 . Members were returned to the Parliament of England until the Union with Scotland created the Parliament of Great Britain in 1708 , and to the Parliament of the United Kingdom after the union with Ireland in 1801 until the county was divided by the Reform Act 1832 ." } ] }, { "value": "9,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Knatchbull", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tory Knatchbulls were the leading county family , but the county 's size , wealth and proximity to London made it impossible to control and there were frequent contests , often between East Kent and West Kent interests . The government , through the Admiralty 's influence in the Kent ports , also had a big say", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Admiralty", "summary": "The Admiralty , originally known as the Office of the Admiralty and Marine Affairs , was the government department responsible for the command of the Royal Navy first in the Kingdom of England , later in the Kingdom of Great Britain , and from 1801 to 1964 , the United Kingdom and former British Empire . Originally exercised by a single person , the Lord High Admiral ( 1385-1628 ) , the Admiralty was , from the early 18th century onwards , almost invariably put in commission and exercised by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty , who sat on the Board of Admiralty . In 1964 , the functions of the Admiralty were transferred to a new Admiralty Board , which is a committee of the tri-service Defence Council of the United Kingdom and part of the Navy Department of the Ministry of Defence . The new Admiralty Board meets only twice a year , and the day-to-day running of the Royal Navy is controlled by a Navy Board ( not to be confused with the historic Navy Board described later in this article ) . It is common for the various authorities now in charge of the Royal Navy to be referred to as simply 'The Admiralty ' . The title of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom was vested in the monarch from 1964 to 2011 . The title was awarded to Philip , Duke of Edinburgh by Queen Elizabeth II on his 90th birthday . There also continues to be a Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom and a Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom , both of which are honorary offices ." } ] }, { "value": "Lancashire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lancashire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Lancashire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1290 , then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 , and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832 . It was represented by two Members of Parliament , traditionally known as Knights of the Shire until 1832 . The ancient county of Lancashire covered a much larger area than the modern county of Lancashire . The county town of Lancaster was in the north of the county . The county boundary was further north beyond Carnforth and followed approximately the same boundary as the modern county . The old county of Lancashire also included land on the opposite side of Morecambe Bay . Barrow and Furness and the area between Lake Windermere and the River Duddon , and the area west of the River Winster were considered parts of Lancashire . Most of the modern district of Ribble Valley was at this time part of Yorkshire . In the south the county extended to the River Mersey and Liverpool and followed the Mersey and the River Tame to Ashton-under-Lyne . Most of the southern area of the ancient county now forms the modern metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester . The people of the ancient county of Lancashire had been represented in Parliament since at least the 13th Century . It was this period that saw the practice of returning two knights from the shire counties to Parliaments summoned by writ to meet ." } ] }, { "value": "8,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Blackburn , Stanley", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Stanleys , led by the Earl of Derby ( at this time a Whig ) dominated the county . One seat was nearly always held by a Stanley relative , the other by one of the leading Tory families", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Earl_of_Derby", "summary": "Earl of Derby ( /ˈdɑːrbi/ ( listen ) DAR-bee ) is a title in the Peerage of England . The title was first adopted by Robert de Ferrers , 1st Earl of Derby , under a creation of 1139 . It continued with the Ferrers family until the 6th Earl forfeited his property toward the end of the reign of Henry III and died in 1279 . Most of the Ferrers property and ( by a creation in 1337 ) the Derby title were then held by the family of Henry III . The title merged in the Crown upon Henry IV 's accession to the throne in 1399 . The title was created again , this time for the Stanley family , in 1485 . Lord Derby 's subsidiary titles are Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe in the County Palatine of Lancaster ( created 1832 ) , and Baron Stanley of Preston in the County Palatine of Lancaster ( 1886 ) . The courtesy title of the heir apparent is Lord Stanley . The 1st to 5th Earls also held an earlier Barony of Stanley , created for the 1st Earl 's father in 1456 and currently abeyant ; the 2nd to 5th Earls held the Barony of Strange created in 1299 , currently held by the Viscounts St Davids ; and the 7th to 9th Earls held another Barony of Strange , created in error in 1628 and currently held independently of other peerages . Several successive generations of the Stanley Earls , along with other members of the family , have been prominent members of the Conservative Party , and at least one historian has suggested that this family rivals the Cecils ( Marquesses of Salisbury ) as the single most important family in the party 's history . They were at times one of the richest landowning families in England . The Stanley Cup , the championship trophy of the National Hockey League , was presented to the Dominion of Canada in 1892 by Frederick Stanley , 16th Earl of Derby , during his tenure as Governor General of Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "Leicestershire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leicestershire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)", "summary": "Leicestershire was a county constituency in Leicestershire , represented in the House of Commons . It elected two Members of Parliament ( MPs ) , traditionally called Knights of the Shire , by the bloc vote system of election , to the Parliament of England until 1707 , to the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 until 1800 , and then to Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1832 ." } ] }, { "value": "6,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Keck , Manners , Palmer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The representation was divided between the Tory Manners family , led by the Duke of Rutland , and local families , who were also mostly Tories", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_of_Rutland", "summary": "Duke of Rutland is a title in the Peerage of England , named for Rutland , a county in the East Midlands of England . Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times ; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703 , in whose family 's line the title continues . The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy style/title of the Marquis/Marquess of Granby ." } ] } ], "section_title": "English counties", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_counties_and_boroughs_of_the_Unreformed_House_of_Commons_at_1800_0", "intro": "This is a list of the counties and boroughs of the Unreformed House of Commons" }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Knockout_Carnival", "title": "1975 Knockout Carnival", "header": [ "Name", "Age", "Position", "Club" ], "data": [ { "value": "Alex Jesaulenko ( c )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alex_Jesaulenko", "summary": "Alex Jesaulenko MBE ( /ˌdʒɛzəˈlɛŋkoʊ/ JEZ-ə-LENK-oh ; Ukrainian : Олександр Васильович Єсауленко , romanized : Oleksandr Vasilyovych Yesaulenko , IPA : [ olekˈsɑndr wɐˈsʲilʲowɪt͡ʃ jesɐuˈlɛnko ] ; born 2 August 1945 in Salzburg , Austria ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach who represented Carlton and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) from the 1960s to the 1980s . He is regarded as one of the game 's greatest-ever players and is an official Legend of the Australian Football Hall of Fame . He immortalised his reputation in the game by taking the most iconic mark in football history in the 1970 VFL Grand Final . In 2009 The Australian nominated Jesaulenko as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow Medal ." } ] }, { "value": "29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Full-forward", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carlton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club", "summary": "The Carlton Football Club , nicknamed the Blues , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria . Founded in 1864 in Carlton , an inner suburb of Melbourne , the club competes in the Australian Football League ( formerly the Victorian Football League ) , and was one of the competition 's eight founding member clubs in 1896 . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Carlton at Princes Park , its traditional home ground , and it currently plays its home matches at either Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) or the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Carlton has historically been one of the AFL 's most successful clubs , having won sixteen senior VFL/AFL premierships , equal with Essendon as the most of any club ; prior to this , it won six senior premierships , including two in the Victorian Football Association . The club has also fielded a team in the AFL Women 's league since its establishment in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ross Abbey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ross_Abbey", "summary": "Ross Abbey ( born 21 January 1953 ) is a former Australian rules footballer , who played with Footscray , now known as the Western Bulldogs , in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . The son of Angus Abbey , a member of Footscray 's 1954 premiership team , Abbey initially played for Wesley College , Melbourne and Strathmore , an area traditionally zoned to Essendon , but was recruited to Footscray under the father/son rule . Abbey played in a variety of positions , but mostly on the half back flank and as a ruck rover . His playing measurements were 180 cm and 82.5 kg , which coincidentally were the precise measurements of his father . Abbey 's playing highlight was being part of the Footscray finals team of 1974 and 1976 ( although Footscray lost the elimination final on both occasions after having finished 5th in each of those seasons ) . He retired from VFL football in 1981 , having played 123 games and represented Victoria at interstate level ." } ] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Half back flanker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Footscray", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_Bulldogs", "summary": "The Western Bulldogs ( formerly the Footscray Football Club [ a ] ) is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in 1877 in Footscray , an inner-western suburb of Melbourne , the club won nine premierships in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before gaining entry to the Victorian Football League ( since renamed the AFL ) in 1925 . The club has won two VFL/AFL premierships , in 1954 and 2016 , and was runner up in 1961 . It has also claimed one premiership in the AFL Women 's competition , in 2018 , having been a foundation member of the league the previous year . The Western Bulldogs ' home guernsey features two thick horizontal hoops - one red and one white - on a royal blue background . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Footscray at Whitten Oval , nicknamed The Kennel , its original home ground . The club draws much of its supporter base from Melbourne 's traditionally working class western region , and plays its home matches at Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) in the Docklands area , also in the city 's inner-west . In 1996 , the club changed its name from the Footscray Football Club to the Western Bulldogs. [ why ? ] As well as their participation in AFL and AFLW , the club also fields reserves sides in the Victorian Football League and VFL Women 's ." } ] }, { "value": "Stan Alves", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stan_Alves", "summary": "Neil Stanley Stan Alves , OAM ( born 22 May 1946 ) is a former Australian rules football player and coach ." } ] }, { "value": "29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wingman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club", "summary": "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Kevin Bartlett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kevin_Bartlett_(Australian_rules_footballer)", "summary": "Kevin Charles Bartlett AM ( born 6 March 1947 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach who played in the Victorian Football League between 1965 and 1983 for the Richmond Football Club . He has played the third highest number of games in VFL/AFL history . He won five premierships with Richmond , and won their best and fairest medal five times . In 2008 , he was listed by journalist Mike Sheahan as the ninth greatest player of all time in the AFL-commissioned book , The Australian Game of Football . Following his retirement as a player , Bartlett developed a successful career as a sports commentator and broadcaster on both television and radio . He was a member of the AFL 's rules committee for many years until he retired on 4 March 2014. as well as the selection panel for the All-Australian Team and AFL Rising Star awards . On 1 September 1987 he was appointed coach of Richmond , but his sacking after four unsuccessful seasons led to Bartlett not returning to the club for the following 16 years ." } ] }, { "value": "28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rover", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Richmond", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club", "summary": "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ." } ] }, { "value": "Peter Bedford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Bedford", "summary": "Peter Lawrence Anthony Wheels Bedford ( born 11 April 1947 ) is a former Australian Rules footballer and first-class cricketer . As a footballer , he is best known for his time at South Melbourne , where he won Victorian Football League 's ( VFL 's ) Brownlow Medal in 1970 as the fairest and the best in the competition . Bedford began his football career at Christian Brothers College Victoria Parade , East Melbourne . He began his senior career in the Victorian Football Association , where he played at Port Melbourne Football Club . He was part of the Port Melbourne team which lost the controversial 1967 VFA Grand Final against Dandenong . He played 52 senior games with Port Melbourne during this phase of his career . At the end of the 1967 football season , Bedford was approached by South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) club Port Adelaide with an offer to move to South Australia to play for Port Adelaide as well as for the South Australian cricket team . South Australian cricket selector Sir Donald Bradman considered Bedford a leading candidate for the Australian cricket team and urged Bedford to accept the offer from Port Adelaide . However , he opted instead to stay in Melbourne and moved to VFL club South Melbourne . He played for South Melbourne between 1968 and 1976 , playing 178 games and kicking 325 goals . He was the Swans ' Best & Fairest on five occasions , leading goalkicker three times and in 1970 he won a Brownlow Medal as the league 's best and fairest player . He played for the Swans as a rover but was also thrown forward to kick a goal when they needed it ." } ] }, { "value": "27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Half forward flanker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sydney_Swans", "summary": "The Sydney Swans are a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Established in Melbourne as the South Melbourne Football Club in 1874 , the Swans relocated to Sydney in 1982 , thus making it the first club in the competition to be based outside Victoria . Initially playing in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , the Swans joined seven other clubs in founding the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1896 . It won premierships in 1909 , 1918 and 1933 before experiencing a 72-year premiership drought - the longest in the competition 's history . The club broke the drought in 2005 and won another premiership in 2012 . The club has proven to be one of the most consistent teams in the AFL era , failing to make the finals in only four seasons since 1995 , playing the most number of finals matches and winning the second-most matches overall ( only behind Geelong ) since 2000 and boasting a finals winning record of over 50% in the same time period . The Swans ' headquarters and training facilities are located at the Sydney Cricket Ground , the club 's playing home ground since 1982 ." } ] }, { "value": "Malcolm Blight", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Malcolm_Blight", "summary": "Malcolm Jack Blight AM ( born 16 February 1950 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , and Woodville Football Club in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) during the 1970s and 1980s . He is currently serving as a coaching advisor at the Gold Coast Football Club . One of few players to have won the Brownlow Medal and the Magarey Medal , and so far the only player to have kicked 100 goals in a season in both the VFL and the SANFL , Blight is rightly regarded as one of Australian football 's greatest-ever players . In addition , he has captained the state representative sides of both Victoria and South Australia . In spite of his failure as a playing coach of North Melbourne , Blight would cement his reputation as one of the greatest coaches during his stints with Geelong and Adelaide , before finishing up in an acrimonious circumstances at St Kilda . The name Blight is of Cornish origin . In 2012 , Blight was appointed director of coaching at the Gold Coast Football Club . Blight was made a member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 1996 and was elevated to Legend status ( the highest honour which can be bestowed onto an Australian footballer ) in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Centre half forward", "urls": [] }, { "value": "North Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/North_Melbourne_Football_Club", "summary": "The North Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Kangaroos or less formally the Roos , the Kangas or North , is an Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in North Melbourne , Victoria in 1869 , it is based at its traditional home ground , Arden Street Oval , and currently plays its home matches at both the nearby Docklands Stadium and Blundstone Arena in Hobart , Tasmania . The club 's mascot is a grey kangaroo donning the club uniform , and its use dates from the mid-20th century . The club is also unofficially known as The Shinboners , a term which dates back to its 19th-century abattoir-worker origins . The club 's motto is Victoria amat curam , Latin for Victory Demands Dedication . Aside from their representation in the AFL , the Kangaroos also field teams in the following competitions ; AFL Women 's , VFL Women 's and Victorian Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Phil Carman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phil_Carman", "summary": "Phillip Phil Carman ( born 4 September 1950 in Edenhope , Victoria ) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Norwood in the SANFL and Collingwood , Melbourne , Essendon and North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) during the 1970s and 1980s . A flamboyant player who wore white boots and fronted the Tribunal on numerous occasions due to disciplinary issues , Carman was nicknamed Fabulous Phil by those who saw him play ." } ] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forward", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Collingwood", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club", "summary": "The Collingwood Football Club , nicknamed the Magpies or colloquially the Pies , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Formed in 1892 in the then-working class Melbourne suburb of Collingwood , the club played in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before joining seven other teams in 1896 to found the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now the national AFL ) . Originally based at Victoria Park , Collingwood now plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with its training and administrative headquarters located at Olympic Park Oval and the Holden Centre . Collingwood has played in a record 44 VFL/AFL Grand Finals ( including rematches ) , winning 15 , drawing two and losing 27 ( also a record ) . Regarded as one of Australia 's most popular sports clubs , Collingwood attracts the highest attendance figures and television ratings of any professional team in the nation . The club 's song , Good Old Collingwood Forever , dates back to 1906 , making it the oldest song currently used in the AFL . Its iconic home guernsey consists of black and white stripes , matching the colours of the Australian magpie . Historically the club 's main rivals have been cross-town clubs Carlton , Richmond and Essendon . Since the turn of the millennium , the club developed rivalries with the West Coast Eagles and the Brisbane Lions . Collingwood fields a reserves team in the Victorian Football League ( formerly the VFA ) and women 's teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions . It also owns and operates a netball team in the National Netball League ." } ] }, { "value": "Gary Dempsey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gary_Dempsey_(Australian_footballer)", "summary": "Gary Dempsey ( born 22 November 1948 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray and North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League . Dempsey made his debut for Footscray in 1967 . In 1969 , he spent six weeks in hospital after being burnt by a bushfire near his home in Truganina and was told he would never play football again . Despite this , he defied the odds to return to the playing field and then win his first club best-and-fairest award in 1970 . Dempsey would win the club best-and-fairest award five more times , underlining his importance to the underachieving Bulldogs . Although he had won a number of individual awards , Dempsey yearned for team success and signed with North Melbourne in 1979 , winning the club best-and-fairest in his first year there . He played out his career at the Kangaroos , playing 122 games for them , and retired in 1984 . Dempsey was named an emergency in the Kangaroos Team of the Century . Dempsey finished in the top 10 in the Brownlow Medal 13 times . He was named an All-Australian Team member at the 1972 Perth carnival . In 1996 Dempsey was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame . He was named as first ruckman in the Footscray 's Team of the Century ." } ] }, { "value": "26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ruckman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Footscray", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_Bulldogs", "summary": "The Western Bulldogs ( formerly the Footscray Football Club [ a ] ) is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in 1877 in Footscray , an inner-western suburb of Melbourne , the club won nine premierships in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before gaining entry to the Victorian Football League ( since renamed the AFL ) in 1925 . The club has won two VFL/AFL premierships , in 1954 and 2016 , and was runner up in 1961 . It has also claimed one premiership in the AFL Women 's competition , in 2018 , having been a foundation member of the league the previous year . The Western Bulldogs ' home guernsey features two thick horizontal hoops - one red and one white - on a royal blue background . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Footscray at Whitten Oval , nicknamed The Kennel , its original home ground . The club draws much of its supporter base from Melbourne 's traditionally working class western region , and plays its home matches at Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) in the Docklands area , also in the city 's inner-west . In 1996 , the club changed its name from the Footscray Football Club to the Western Bulldogs. [ why ? ] As well as their participation in AFL and AFLW , the club also fields reserves sides in the Victorian Football League and VFL Women 's ." } ] }, { "value": "Glenn Elliott", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glenn_Elliott_(footballer)", "summary": "Glenn J. Elliott ( born 25 January 1950 ) is a former Australian rules footballer . He played for the St Kilda and Melbourne as a centreman . He was a gifted player whose career peak was in the mid-1970s where he was rated the state 's best in the centre . He took over the role of St Kilda 's centreman from Ian Stewart after Stewart left the club . Representing Victoria , Elliott won the Simpson Medal in 1976 for best on ground against Western Australia in Perth . After suffering a knee injury in 1977 , he played a season for Melbourne in 1979 . Later he moved to Port Adelaide and then coached West Torrens in the South Australian National Football League . Following a stint as CEO of North Adelaide Football Club , Elliott became CEO of Adelaide United in 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Utility", "urls": [] }, { "value": "St Kilda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club", "summary": "The St Kilda Football Club , nicknamed the Saints , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . The club plays in the Australian Football League , the sport 's premier league . The club 's name originates from its original home base in the bayside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda in which the club was established in 1873 . The club also has strong links to the south-eastern suburb of Moorabbin , where it was based between 1965 and 2010 . St Kilda were a foundation team of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and later , in 1897 , became a foundation team in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , which later became known as the Australian Football League ( AFL ) in 1990 . The Saints field teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions , and are in an alignment with the Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football League . St Kilda have won a single premiership to date , a famous one-point win in the 1966 VFL Grand Final . St Kilda most recently won the minor premiership in the 2009 AFL season and were grand finalists in 2009 and 2010 . St Kilda developed a reputation as perennial underachievers , much of this attributed to their record of finishing last more often than any other club in the league ( 27 times ) , as well as having the second lowest all-time win percentage of any team still playing in the league ." } ] }, { "value": "Ken Fletcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ken_Fletcher_(Australian_footballer)", "summary": "Ken Fletcher ( born 21 January 1948 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Bombers . He is the father of Dustin Fletcher who was drafted into the club through the father son rule . A former Essendon High School student who grew up in East Keilor , Victoria , Fletcher had two footballers as neighbours , they being Ken Pyker ( No 29 Essendon ) and Ted Flemming a WA Sandover Medal winner ( 1930 ) . Ken and his older brother practiced football skills daily in a nearby paddock as teenagers . Fletcher was a versatile footballer and played in many positions during his 264-game career for the Bombers . He excelled as a wingman and half back flanker . He won the club 's best and fairest award in 1978 and represented Victoria throughout the 1970s . A broken leg forced him to retire in 1980 and he left the club as their fourth most experienced player of all time . He did , however , continue playing in country football as captain-coach of Tatura . In Round 7 of 2014 , Ken and his son Dustin claimed the record of most VFL/AFL games played by a father-son combination , with 648 games between them ." } ] }, { "value": "27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wingman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Essendon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club", "summary": "The Essendon Football Club , nicknamed the Bombers , is a professional Australian rules football club that plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Thought to have formed in 1872 , the club played its first recorded game on 7 June 1873 against a Carlton Second 20 , winning 1 goal to nil . The club played a senior club in the Victorian Football Association in 1878 , one year after the VFA formed . It is historically associated with Essendon , a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne , Victoria . Since 2013 , the club has been headquartered at The Hangar , Melbourne Airport , and plays its home games at either Docklands Stadium or the Melbourne Cricket Ground ; throughout most of its history the club 's home ground and headquarters was Windy Hill , Essendon , where it played from 1922 until 1991 . While it stopped playing games at the ground thereafter , Windy Hill remained its training and administration base until the end of 2013 . Dyson Heppell is the current team captain . A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association , in 1877 , and the Victorian Football League ( renamed the AFL in 1990 ) , in 1896 , Essendon is one of Australia 's best-known football clubs . Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships , which , along with Carlton , is the most of any club in the competition . The club won four consecutive VFA premierships between 1891 and 1894 , a feat matched only by Collingwood between 1927 and 1930 ." } ] }, { "value": "Keith Greig", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keith_Greig", "summary": "Keith Southby Greig MBE ( born 23 October 1951 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Red-haired and pale-skinned , Greig was renowned for his poise and ball handling skills . He could also take spectacular high marks . Greig played for much of his career on the wing , but in later years often played at half back ." } ] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wingman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "North Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/North_Melbourne_Football_Club", "summary": "The North Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Kangaroos or less formally the Roos , the Kangas or North , is an Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in North Melbourne , Victoria in 1869 , it is based at its traditional home ground , Arden Street Oval , and currently plays its home matches at both the nearby Docklands Stadium and Blundstone Arena in Hobart , Tasmania . The club 's mascot is a grey kangaroo donning the club uniform , and its use dates from the mid-20th century . The club is also unofficially known as The Shinboners , a term which dates back to its 19th-century abattoir-worker origins . The club 's motto is Victoria amat curam , Latin for Victory Demands Dedication . Aside from their representation in the AFL , the Kangaroos also field teams in the following competitions ; AFL Women 's , VFL Women 's and Victorian Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Gary Hardeman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gary_Hardeman", "summary": "Gary Hardeman ( born 26 February 1950 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) between the late 1960s and early 1980s . Hardeman played as a half back and made his senior debut for Melbourne in the 1967 VFL season . He remained with the club until 1977 , finishing second in the 1974 Brownlow Medal count and earning All Australian selection for his performance in the 1972 Perth Carnival . After leaving the club at the end of 1977 Hardeman joined Sturt in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) but returned to Melbourne in 1981 to play for one final season . Hardeman is only one of four footballers , with Trevor Barker , Geoff Cunningham and Steven Smith , to have played 200 VFL/AFL games but not play a final . In 2000 he was selected at centre half back in Melbourne 's official 'Team of the Century ' ." } ] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Utility", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club", "summary": "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Warwick Irwin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warwick_Irwin", "summary": "Warwick Irwin ( born 3 June 1952 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy and Collingwood in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . A rover , he won the club 's best and fairest award in 1975 . Irwin also features in the Fitzroy Team of the Century . He is now a physical education teacher and lead co-ordinator at Mount Waverley Secondary College ." } ] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ruck-rover", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fitzroy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fitzroy_Football_Club", "summary": "The Fitzroy Football Club , nicknamed the Lions or the Roys , is an Australian rules football club formed in 1883 to represent the inner-Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy , Victoria and was a foundation member club of the Victorian Football League ( now the Australian Football League ) on its inception in 1897 . Despite being the first club to win a VFL Grand Final they were not the first team to win a premiership . That honour belongs to the Essendon Football Club who were crowned premiers in 1897 without a Grand Final being played . Although Fitzroy won a total of eight VFL premierships they never won a premiership as the Lions . They won seven premierships ( 1898 , 1899 , 1904 , 1905 , 1913 , 1916 and 1922 ) as the Maroons and one ( 1944 ) as the Gorillas . The decision of the club to change its name to the Lions in 1957 coincided with what history now records as the beginning of decades of poor on-field performance and financial mismanagement that eventually resulted in the club being placed into administration and forced out of the AFL in 1996 . Although the club managed to survive and came out of administration in 1998 it never played in the AFL again . Fitzroy largely resumed its original VFL-AFL identity through its continued use of their 1975-1996 VFL-AFL jumper , their theme song and their 1884-1966 home ground at the Brunswick Street Oval . For a brief time it experimented in partnerships with other semi professional and amateur clubs before incorporating the Fitzroy Reds ( formerly University Reds ) to play in the Victorian Amateur Football Association . They began in the D1 section of the VAFA in 2009 and now , after having been promoted three times ( 2009 , 2012 , 2018 ) play in the Premier B Division . It is also notable for being one of only three clubs ( along with University and Hawthorn ) to have played in the VFA , VFL/AFL and VAFA competitions of Australian rules football ." } ] }, { "value": "Wayne Judson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wayne_Judson", "summary": "Wayne Judson ( born 11 July 1952 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) during the 1970s . Judson was a back pocket specialist and spent seven years with St Kilda . He played in St Kilda 's losing 1971 Grand Final team to cap off a solid debut season which saw him play 18 games . A Victorian representative , he was a member of the state side which competed at the 1975 Knockout Carnival . He left St Kilda after struggling in 1977 and joined Victorian Football Association club Mordialloc ." } ] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Back pocket", "urls": [] }, { "value": "St Kilda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club", "summary": "The St Kilda Football Club , nicknamed the Saints , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . The club plays in the Australian Football League , the sport 's premier league . The club 's name originates from its original home base in the bayside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda in which the club was established in 1873 . The club also has strong links to the south-eastern suburb of Moorabbin , where it was based between 1965 and 2010 . St Kilda were a foundation team of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and later , in 1897 , became a foundation team in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , which later became known as the Australian Football League ( AFL ) in 1990 . The Saints field teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions , and are in an alignment with the Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football League . St Kilda have won a single premiership to date , a famous one-point win in the 1966 VFL Grand Final . St Kilda most recently won the minor premiership in the 2009 AFL season and were grand finalists in 2009 and 2010 . St Kilda developed a reputation as perennial underachievers , much of this attributed to their record of finishing last more often than any other club in the league ( 27 times ) , as well as having the second lowest all-time win percentage of any team still playing in the league ." } ] }, { "value": "Peter Knights", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Knights", "summary": "Peter Knights ( born 30 March 1952 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach who represented Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . Widely regarded as one of Australian football 's finest centre half-backs , despite suffering numerous injuries , Knights was recognized for his contribution to the game when he was among the inaugural inductees into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 1996 and later in the Hawthorn Team of the Century ." } ] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Centre half back", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hawthorn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club", "summary": "The Hawthorn Football Club , nicknamed the Hawks , is a professional Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club , founded in 1902 , is the youngest of the Victorian-based teams in the AFL and has won thirteen VFL/AFL premierships . It is the only club to have won premierships in each decade of the 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . The team play in brown and gold vertically striped guernsey . The club 's Latin motto is spectemur agendo , the English translation being Let us be judged by our acts . The Hawks ' origins are in the inner-eastern Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn and also at Glenferrie Oval , the club 's former administrative and training base and social club . Matches , however , have not been played there since 1973 . In 2006 , Hawthorn 's training and administration facilities were relocated to Waverly Park which is located 27.8 km from the CBD and in the middle of the club 's major supporter base in Melbourne 's outer-eastern region . The mascot of the club is a hawk . Since 2007 Hawthorn have played four games a year at their second ground of York Park in Launceston , Tasmania , with the remaining games played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the club 's current playing home ground . Hawthorn 's current Victorian Football League ( VFL ) affiliate team is the Box Hill Hawks Football Club ." } ] }, { "value": "Leigh Matthews", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leigh_Matthews", "summary": "Leigh Raymond Matthews AM ( born 1 March 1952 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach . He played for Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) and coached Collingwood and the Brisbane Lions . Squat , short-legged and barrel-chested , Matthews earned the iconic nickname Lethal Leigh due to his physical as well as skillful style of play . He is officially recognised as the best player of the 20th century according to the AFL , is a Legend in the Australian Football Hall of Fame , on the Hawthorn and AFL Teams of the Centuries and is one of the most successful AFL coaches of all time . He is now an AFL commentator on television with the Seven Network and on radio with 3AW ." } ] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rover", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hawthorn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club", "summary": "The Hawthorn Football Club , nicknamed the Hawks , is a professional Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club , founded in 1902 , is the youngest of the Victorian-based teams in the AFL and has won thirteen VFL/AFL premierships . It is the only club to have won premierships in each decade of the 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . The team play in brown and gold vertically striped guernsey . The club 's Latin motto is spectemur agendo , the English translation being Let us be judged by our acts . The Hawks ' origins are in the inner-eastern Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn and also at Glenferrie Oval , the club 's former administrative and training base and social club . Matches , however , have not been played there since 1973 . In 2006 , Hawthorn 's training and administration facilities were relocated to Waverly Park which is located 27.8 km from the CBD and in the middle of the club 's major supporter base in Melbourne 's outer-eastern region . The mascot of the club is a hawk . Since 2007 Hawthorn have played four games a year at their second ground of York Park in Launceston , Tasmania , with the remaining games played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the club 's current playing home ground . Hawthorn 's current Victorian Football League ( VFL ) affiliate team is the Box Hill Hawks Football Club ." } ] }, { "value": "Craig McKellar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Craig_McKellar", "summary": "Craig McKellar ( born 8 December 1949 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond and Melbourne in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) during the 1970s . A knock ruckman , McKellar was recruited to Richmond from Woodville and represented South Australia at the 1969 Adelaide Carnival . After making his debut for Richmond in 1971 he played in a losing Grand Final team in 1972 and their premiership team in 1973 . He continued to play with Richmond until 1975 when , after being omitted from their finals side , he announced his retirement . Melbourne , however , convinced McKellar to continue and he spent three seasons with the Demons . Although he never won Richmond 's best and fairest award , he was their top Brownlow Medal vote getter in both the 1972 and 1975 counts . He also played interstate football for Victoria ." } ] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ruckman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Richmond", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club", "summary": "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ." } ] }, { "value": "Kevin Morris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kevin_Morris_(Australian_footballer)", "summary": "Kevin Morris ( born 20 August 1951 ) is a former Australian rules football player who played in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) between 1971 and 1976 for the Richmond Football Club and then from 1977 until 1981 for the Collingwood Football Club . He commenced his coaching career as Captain/Coach of Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) club Werribee in 1982 then went back to the VFL as Captain/Coach of the Essendon reserve side from 1983 to 1985 , winning the premiership in his first season . After retiring from playing , Morris was appointed coach of West Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) in 1988 and remained in Adelaide until 1991 . In his four years with The Bloods Morris took them to 8th in '88 , 7th in '89 and 6th in '90 before leading the club to the 1991 SANFL Grand Final where they lost to North Adelaide 21.22 ( 146 ) to 11.7 ( 73 ) in the most spiteful SANFL Grand Final in the modern era with at least 4 all-in brawls marring what was a class effort by The Roosters over a West Adelaide team that had won 12 of its previous 14 games . In Morris 's West Adelaide team in 1991 were then Adelaide Crows AFL players Mark Mickan , Bruce Lindner , Paul Patterson and Shaun Rehn ( who missed the final series through injury ) as well as future AFL star Full-forward Tony Modra along with former VFL players Darren Carlson , Peter Banfield , Matthew Simpson and Michael Kennedy . In the weeks after The Bloods Grand Final loss , Morris was controversially sacked as Bloods coach and in 1992 he returned to Essendon , firstly in recruiting then as an assistant-coach . He coached the Richmond Reserves side in 1995 then was an assistant-coach in 1996 . Most recently he worked as an assistant-coach at St Kilda . Kevin Morris 's son Steven is currently playing for Richmond , He was traded to the Tigers after being pre-listed by the new Greater Western Sydney Football Club prior to the 2011 AFL Draft from West Adelaide where he won the clubs Best & Fairest in 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Half back flanker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Richmond", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club", "summary": "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ." } ] }, { "value": "Graham Moss", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Graham_Moss", "summary": "Graham Moss ( born 14 May 1950 ) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach , who was highly successful in both the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) . He was a Brownlow Medal-winning ruckman and played 343 senior games in the WAFL and VFL . Moss debuted for Claremont Football Club in the WAFL in 1969 . In 1970 , he made his debut for the Western Australian state team . Essendon attempted to lure him to Melbourne several times , and finally succeeded before the 1973 season . Moss played 89 games for Essendon , winning the club best and fairest three times , in 1974-76 . He also represented Victoria 5 times . In 1976 , he captained Essendon and won the Brownlow , but also suffered a serious knee injury . Moss has the second-highest average of Brownlow Medal votes ( 0.95 per game ) of any player ever polled for the award . He was appointed captain-coach by Claremont in 1977 , and commented that his return from Essendon to Claremont was made easy by the fact the VFL and WANFL were of a similar standard at the time . That same year he won the Simpson Medal , while playing for Western Australia against Victoria . Moss led Claremont to a premiership , their first in 17 years , in 1981 , and apart from the first two and last two years his tenure with the Tigers was their first period of consistent success since the days of Johnny Leonards coaching ." } ] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ruckman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Essendon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club", "summary": "The Essendon Football Club , nicknamed the Bombers , is a professional Australian rules football club that plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Thought to have formed in 1872 , the club played its first recorded game on 7 June 1873 against a Carlton Second 20 , winning 1 goal to nil . The club played a senior club in the Victorian Football Association in 1878 , one year after the VFA formed . It is historically associated with Essendon , a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne , Victoria . Since 2013 , the club has been headquartered at The Hangar , Melbourne Airport , and plays its home games at either Docklands Stadium or the Melbourne Cricket Ground ; throughout most of its history the club 's home ground and headquarters was Windy Hill , Essendon , where it played from 1922 until 1991 . While it stopped playing games at the ground thereafter , Windy Hill remained its training and administration base until the end of 2013 . Dyson Heppell is the current team captain . A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association , in 1877 , and the Victorian Football League ( renamed the AFL in 1990 ) , in 1896 , Essendon is one of Australia 's best-known football clubs . Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships , which , along with Carlton , is the most of any club in the competition . The club won four consecutive VFA premierships between 1891 and 1894 , a feat matched only by Collingwood between 1927 and 1930 ." } ] }, { "value": "Bruce Nankervis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bruce_Nankervis", "summary": "Bruce Nankervis ( born 14 August 1950 ) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League for Geelong Football Club . He wore the number 33 during his tenure at the club . Nankervis was awarded the Carji Greeves Medal in 1973 and 1974 and captained the club in 1976 and 1977 before he broke a bone in his neck that required him to travel to the United States for treatment . His older brother Ian took over the captaincy in 1978 and held the record for most games played for Geelong , before Corey Enright overtook this record in the 2016 season ." } ] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Half back flanker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Geelong", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club", "summary": "The Geelong Football Club , nicknamed the Cats , are a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong , Australia . The club competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the highest level of Australian rules football in Australia . The Cats have been the VFL/AFL premiers nine times , with three in the AFL era ( since 1990 ) . The Cats have also won ten McClelland Trophies . The club was formed in 1859 , making it the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world . Geelong participated in the first football competition in Australia and was a foundation club of both the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1897 . The club first established itself in the VFA by winning seven premierships , making it the most successful VFA club leading up to the formation of the VFL in 1897 . The club won a further six premierships by 1963 , before enduring a 44-year waiting period until it won its next premiership - an AFL-record 119-point victory in the 2007 AFL Grand Final . Geelong have since won a further two premierships in 2009 and 2011 . The Cats play most of their home games at Kardinia Park ( known for sponsorship reasons as GMHBA Stadium ) and play the remainder at the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Geelong 's traditional guernsey colours are navy blue and white hoops . The club 's nickname , The Cats , was first used in 1923 after a run of losses prompted a local cartoonist to suggest that the club needed a black cat to bring it good luck ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Squads -- Victoria", "section_text": "", "uid": "1975_Knockout_Carnival_2", "intro": "The 1975 Knockout Carnival was the 19th Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. The tournament was won by Victoria. The 1975 carnival represented a significant change in format for the carnival. Previous carnivals had all been played as a stand-alone event in a single host city, with each team playing the others in a round robin competition; but the 1975 carnival was played as a shortened knock-out tournament and split between two cities. Just three games were played: two semi finals and a final. The semi-finals were played as a double-header in Melbourne, and the final was contested a month later in Adelaide. Unlike previous carnivals, no All-Australian team or Tassie Medalist was chosen." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_NFL_Draft", "title": "2012 NFL Draft", "header": [ "Original NFL team", "Player", "Pos", "College", "Conf" ], "data": [ { "value": "Atlanta Falcons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Atlanta_Falcons_season", "summary": "The 2012 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise 's 47th season in the National Football League and the fifth under head coach Mike Smith . Atlanta started the season 8-0 , a franchise best for a start to a season . By beating the Detroit Lions during Week 16 , the Falcons clinched homefield advantage throughout the playoffs in the NFC for the second time in three years , and made it to the NFC Championship for the first time since 2004 , where they lost 28-24 against the San Francisco 49ers . It was the third straight year in which they did n't lose two consecutive regular season games ." } ] }, { "value": "Josh Harris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Josh_Harris_(long_snapper)", "summary": "Josh Harris ( born April 27 , 1989 ) is an American football long snapper for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for Auburn University . He signed with the Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . Josh attended Carrollton High School in Carrollton , Georgia . He was a three sport athlete football , wrestling , and baseball ." } ] }, { "value": "LS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Long_snapper", "summary": "In gridiron football , the long snapper ( or deep snapper ) is a special teams specialist whose duty is to snap the football over a longer distance , typically around 15 yards during punts , and 7-8 yards during field goals and extra point attempts . During field goal and point after touchdown attempts , the snap is received by the holder , typically 7-8 yards away . During punts , the snap is delivered to the punter from 13-15 yards away . Following a punt snap , the snapper often executes a blocking assignment and then must cover the kick by running downfield and attempting to stop the opposing team 's punt returner from advancing the ball in the opposite direction . If the punt goes uncaught , it is the snapper 's responsibility to make sure the ball does not enter the end zone or bounce backward resulting in loss of yards . The majority of snappers at the highest levels of competition are specialized , meaning that they uniquely play the position of snapper , or have limited responsibilities elsewhere . A good punt snap should hit the target -- the punter 's hands at the abdomen or waistline -- between .65 and .75 seconds and with a tight spiral for easy handling . A bad snap is an off-target snap which causes the delay or failure of a kick or forces the punter into some other potentially compromising situation ." } ] }, { "value": "Auburn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Auburn_Tigers_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team was coached by Gene Chizik , who was in his third season with Auburn . The Tigers played their home games at Jordan-Hare Stadium in Auburn , Alabama , and competed in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The Tigers entered the 2011 season after winning the 2011 BCS National Championship . Auburn finished the year 8-5 overall and 4-4 in SEC play to place fourth in the Western Division . They were invited to the Chick-fil-A Bowl , where they defeated Virginia , 43-24 ." } ] }, { "value": "SEC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southeastern_Conference", "summary": "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ." } ] }, { "value": "Baltimore Ravens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Baltimore_Ravens_season", "summary": "The 2012 Baltimore Ravens season was the team 's 17th season in the National Football League . While the Ravens failed to improve on their 12-4 record from 2011 , they did still manage to clinch the AFC North division title in Week 16 and finish the regular season with a 10-6 record , sending them to their fifth straight playoffs , where they advanced to the AFC Championship Game for the second consecutive season , and then to the Super Bowl for the first time since 2000 . They won their second Super Bowl , 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers . It was the first time in franchise history that the Ravens won consecutive division titles . This marks head coach John Harbaugh 's fifth season as the head coach of the franchise and fifth consecutive post-season appearance . The Ravens played their home games at M & T Bank Stadium . The Ravens dedicated their season to former owner and founder Art Modell , who died on September 6 , 2012 . On Week 1 , all team members wore an Art decal on their helmets , and for the rest of their season , they wore an Art patch on the left side of their jerseys . Ray Lewis , the last remaining member of the original Ravens roster from 1996 and the 2000 Super Bowl championship team , announced just after the regular season finale before the playoffs that he would be retiring after the conclusion of the season . Following three playoff matchups including a thrilling 38-35 double OT victory against the top-seeded Denver Broncos , his final game was a victory in Super Bowl XLVII . Lewis is believed by many as the greatest Raven of all time and previously led the Ravens to Super Bowl XXXV in what was just their first playoff appearance in franchise history ." } ] }, { "value": "Deonte Thompson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deonte_Thompson", "summary": "Deonte Thompson ( born February 14 , 1989 ) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent . He played college football at the University of Florida , where he was a member of a BCS National Championship team . Thompson was signed by the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "WR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wide_receiver", "summary": "A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist ." } ] }, { "value": "Florida", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Florida_Gators_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the sport of American football during the 2011 college football season . The Gators competed in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . They played their home games at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium on the university 's Gainesville , Florida campus , and were led by first-year head coach Will Muschamp . Muschamp coached the Gators to a third-place finish in the SEC East , a 3-5 conference record , a 24-17 Gator Bowl victory over the Ohio State Buckeyes , and an overall win-loss record of 7-6 ( .539 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "SEC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southeastern_Conference", "summary": "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ." } ] }, { "value": "Baltimore Ravens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Baltimore_Ravens_season", "summary": "The 2012 Baltimore Ravens season was the team 's 17th season in the National Football League . While the Ravens failed to improve on their 12-4 record from 2011 , they did still manage to clinch the AFC North division title in Week 16 and finish the regular season with a 10-6 record , sending them to their fifth straight playoffs , where they advanced to the AFC Championship Game for the second consecutive season , and then to the Super Bowl for the first time since 2000 . They won their second Super Bowl , 34-31 against the San Francisco 49ers . It was the first time in franchise history that the Ravens won consecutive division titles . This marks head coach John Harbaugh 's fifth season as the head coach of the franchise and fifth consecutive post-season appearance . The Ravens played their home games at M & T Bank Stadium . The Ravens dedicated their season to former owner and founder Art Modell , who died on September 6 , 2012 . On Week 1 , all team members wore an Art decal on their helmets , and for the rest of their season , they wore an Art patch on the left side of their jerseys . Ray Lewis , the last remaining member of the original Ravens roster from 1996 and the 2000 Super Bowl championship team , announced just after the regular season finale before the playoffs that he would be retiring after the conclusion of the season . Following three playoff matchups including a thrilling 38-35 double OT victory against the top-seeded Denver Broncos , his final game was a victory in Super Bowl XLVII . Lewis is believed by many as the greatest Raven of all time and previously led the Ravens to Super Bowl XXXV in what was just their first playoff appearance in franchise history ." } ] }, { "value": "Justin Tucker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Justin_Tucker", "summary": "Justin Paul Tucker ( born November 21 , 1989 ) is an American football placekicker for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for the University of Texas and was signed by the Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . He is the most accurate placekicker in NFL history ." } ] }, { "value": "K", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Placekicker", "summary": "Placekicker , or simply kicker ( PK or K ) , is the player in gridiron football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points . In many cases , the placekicker also serves as the team 's kickoff specialist or punter as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Texas_Longhorns_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Texas Longhorns football team ( variously Texas , UT , the Longhorns , or the 'Horns ) represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Longhorns were led by 14th year head coach Mack Brown and played their home games at Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium . They are a member of the Big 12 Conference . They finished the season 8-5 , 4-5 in Big 12 play to finish in a tie for sixth place improving on their disastrous 5-7 season from 2010 . They were invited to the Holiday Bowl where they defeated California 21-10 ." } ] }, { "value": "Big 12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_12_Conference", "summary": "The Big 12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving , Texas . The conference consists of ten full-member universities . It is a member of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for all sports . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition . Its ten members , in the states of Iowa , Kansas , Oklahoma , Texas , and West Virginia , include eight public and two private , Christian schools . Additionally , the Big 12 has 11 affiliate members - eight for the sport of wrestling , one of which is also a member in women 's equestrianism ; one for women 's gymnastics ; and two for women 's rowing . The Big 12 Conference is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware . The Big 12 Conference was founded on February 25 , 1994 . The eight members of the former Big Eight Conference joined with Southwest Conference schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the new Big 12 Conference , which commenced competition on August 31 , 1996 . The conference 's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010-13 Big 12 Conference realignment , in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference , Colorado joined the Pac-12 , and Missouri and Texas A & M joined the Southeastern Conference . TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools , bringing the conference to its current strength . The Big 12 Conference , like others involved in the realignment , has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes ; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year ." } ] }, { "value": "Buffalo Bills", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Buffalo_Bills_season", "summary": "The 2012 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise 's 43rd season in the National Football League , the 53rd overall and the third under head coach Chan Gailey . The team had hoped to make the playoffs for the first time since 1999 , but failed and continue to own the NFL 's longest playoff drought . 2012 was the final year on the Bills ' current lease with Ralph Wilson Stadium as well as the final year on the current Bills Toronto Series agreement . The league had approved an additional five-year extension of the Toronto series , extending through 2017 , on the condition that the Bills and Rogers Communications come to an agreement extending the series , a condition that both sides have indicated willingness to do . The Bills and the league are demanding significant and expensive renovations to Ralph Wilson Stadium as a condition of renewing the stadium lease . The Buffalo News reported renovations could top 200 million dollars . The Bills and Erie County ( the owners of Ralph Wilson Stadium ) missed the deadline for a long-term agreement in September 2012 . However , on December 21 , the Bills agreed with Erie County to a 10-year lease on Ralph Wilson Stadium , extending it through for at least another 7 years ." } ] }, { "value": "Shawn Powell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shawn_Powell", "summary": "Shawn Powell ( born November 29 , 1988 ) is an American football punter who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Florida State ." } ] }, { "value": "P", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punter_(football)", "summary": "A punter ( P ) in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts ( kicks ) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage . This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football . Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations , when they throw or run the football instead of punting ." } ] }, { "value": "Florida State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Florida_State_Seminoles_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS college football season . The Seminoles were led by second-year head coach Jimbo Fisher and played their home games at Doak Campbell Stadium . They were members of the Atlantic Coast Conference , playing in the Atlantic Division . Despite starting the season with a 2-3 record , the Seminoles finished the season 9-4 , 5-3 in ACC play , to finish in a tie for second place in the Atlantic Division . They were invited to the Champs Sports Bowl where they defeated Notre Dame ." } ] }, { "value": "ACC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ." } ] }, { "value": "Chicago Bears", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Chicago_Bears_season", "summary": "The 2012 Chicago Bears season was the franchise 's 93rd season in the National Football League , as well as the ninth under head coach Lovie Smith . The team played at Soldier Field for the tenth season since its reconstruction in 2001 . The Bears entered the 2012 season looking to improve on their 8-8 record in 2011 . They acquired wide receiver Brandon Marshall from the Miami Dolphins , who had played with Bears Quarterback , Jay Cutler with the Denver Broncos from 2006-2008 . The Bears were expected to be a wild card team by ten ESPN experts , and four NFL.com analysts predicted that the team would finish second in the NFC North . By the season 's midpoint , the Bears had proven to be among the league 's elite teams , having a record of 7-1 in their first 8 games , something they had not accomplished since their 2006 Super Bowl season , along with a scoring differential of +120 , which led the league . The team trailed the San Francisco 49ers in scoring defense with 15 points per game allowed , and third in scoring offense with 29.5 , trailing the New England Patriots and Houston Texans . The defense also recorded six interceptions returned for touchdowns in the first seven games of the season , an NFL record ; the Bears then recorded two more in the season , one shy of the record set by the 1961 San Diego Chargers . However , during the second half of the season , the Bears went 3-5 , and after scoring 19 touchdowns in the first eight games , the Bears scored ten fewer in the second half of the season . Despite defeating the Detroit Lions in the season finale to have a record of 10-6 , the Minnesota Vikings , who had a better division record than Chicago , defeated the Green Bay Packers 37-34 , ending the Bears season . As a result , the Bears became the first team since the 1996 Washington Redskins to start the season 7-1 and miss the playoffs . On December 31 , Smith was fired , and was replaced by Montreal Alouettes head coach Marc Trestman ." } ] }, { "value": "Ryan Quigley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryan_Quigley", "summary": "Ryan Andrew Quigley ( born January 26 , 1990 ) is an American football punter who is currently a free agent . He was signed by the Chicago Bears after going undrafted in the 2012 NFL Draft . He played college football at Boston College . He has played for the New York Jets , Philadelphia Eagles , Jacksonville Jaguars , Arizona Cardinals and Minnesota Vikings ." } ] }, { "value": "P", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punter_(football)", "summary": "A punter ( P ) in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts ( kicks ) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage . This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football . Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations , when they throw or run the football instead of punting ." } ] }, { "value": "Boston College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Boston_College_Eagles_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Eagles were led by third year head coach Frank Spaziani and played their home games at Alumni Stadium . They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference . They finished the season 4-8 , 3-5 in ACC play to finish the season to finish in fifth place in Atlantic Division ." } ] }, { "value": "ACC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ." } ] }, { "value": "Cincinnati Bengals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Cincinnati_Bengals_season", "summary": "The 2012 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 45th season as a professional sports franchise and its 43rd season as a member of the National Football League ( NFL ) . This also marked the 22nd season under the leadership of owner and team president Mike Brown and the 10th season under head coach Marvin Lewis . The team improved on its 2011 season , finishing tied with the Baltimore Ravens for the AFC North division title , but lost the tiebreaker to the Ravens . The Bengals , however , made the playoffs as a wild card team , finishing as the 6th seed in the AFC playoffs , but lost to the Houston Texans for a second consecutive season . 2012 was the first non-strike season in Bengals history in which they made it to the NFL playoffs for a second consecutive year ." } ] }, { "value": "Vontaze Burfict", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vontaze_Burfict", "summary": "Vontaze DeLeon Burfict Jr. ( /ˈvɒntɛz ˈbɜːrfɪkt/ VON-tez BUR-fikt ; born September 24 , 1990 ) is an American football linebacker for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Arizona State . Considered the most highly ranked football prospect Arizona State ever signed to a letter of intent , Burfict was recognized as an All-American in 2010 and projected an early first round pick for the 2012 NFL Draft . However , a mediocre on-field performance and poor pre-draft workouts diminished his draft stock and he ultimately went unselected . He was subsequently signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2012 , where he played for seven seasons . Burfict had a productive rookie season , starting 14 games and leading the team in tackles and later earned Pro Bowl honors in 2013 . Despite his production , Burfict has also incited controversy throughout his career for frequently violating player safety rules and has accumulated over $ 5.3 million in fines and forfeited salary ." } ] }, { "value": "LB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Linebacker", "summary": "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ." } ] }, { "value": "Arizona State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Arizona_State_Sun_Devils_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Sun Devils football team represented Arizona State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team was coached by fifth year head coach Dennis Erickson and played their home games in Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe , Arizona . They are a member of the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference . They finished the season 6-7 , 4-5 in Pac-12 play to finish in a tie for third place in the South Division . They were invited to the Maaco Bowl Las Vegas where they were defeated by Boise State . At the end of the regular season , head coach Dennis Erickson was fired . He stayed on to coach in the Sun Devils bowl game and finished with a five-year record of 31-31 ." } ] }, { "value": "Pac-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-12_Conference", "summary": "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ." } ] }, { "value": "Cincinnati Bengals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Cincinnati_Bengals_season", "summary": "The 2012 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 45th season as a professional sports franchise and its 43rd season as a member of the National Football League ( NFL ) . This also marked the 22nd season under the leadership of owner and team president Mike Brown and the 10th season under head coach Marvin Lewis . The team improved on its 2011 season , finishing tied with the Baltimore Ravens for the AFC North division title , but lost the tiebreaker to the Ravens . The Bengals , however , made the playoffs as a wild card team , finishing as the 6th seed in the AFC playoffs , but lost to the Houston Texans for a second consecutive season . 2012 was the first non-strike season in Bengals history in which they made it to the NFL playoffs for a second consecutive year ." } ] }, { "value": "Trevor Robinson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trevor_Robinson_(American_football)", "summary": "Trevor Robinson ( born May 16 , 1990 ) is a former American football center who played five seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Notre Dame . He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2012 , and was also a member of the San Diego Chargers and Atlanta Falcons ." } ] }, { "value": "C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)", "summary": "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ." } ] }, { "value": "Notre Dame", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team was coached by Brian Kelly and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend , Indiana . They compete as an independent . They finished the season 8-5 . They were invited to the Champs Sports Bowl where they were defeated by Florida State 18-14 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ind . ( FBS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools", "summary": "National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member ." } ] }, { "value": "Cleveland Browns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Cleveland_Browns_season", "summary": "The 2012 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise 's 64th season as a professional sports franchise and its 60th season as a member of the National Football League . Although the team improved on its record to 5-11 this 2012 season from its 4-12 finish in 2011 , the team still placed fourth in the AFC North . The team also failed to break its 9-year playoff drought , the longest in franchise history . The 2012 season was the third season under the leadership of team president Mike Holmgren and general manager Tom Heckert and the second season under head coach Pat Shurmur . The Browns also had Jimmy Haslam as their new owner , after buying the team from Randy Lerner . The Browns played all of their home games at Cleveland Browns Stadium in Cleveland , Ohio ." } ] }, { "value": "L. J. Fort", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/L._J._Fort", "summary": "Larry Fort , Jr. ( born January 3 , 1990 ) is an American football linebacker for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Northern Iowa and was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . Fort has also been a member of the Denver Broncos , Seattle Seahawks , Cincinnati Bengals , New England Patriots , Pittsburgh Steelers , and Philadelphia Eagles" } ] }, { "value": "LB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Linebacker", "summary": "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ." } ] }, { "value": "Northern Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Northern_Iowa_Panthers_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season . The Panthers were coached by Mark Farley and played their home games at the UNI-Dome . They are members of the Missouri Valley Football Conference . They finished the season 10-3 , 7-1 in MVFC play to share the conference championship with North Dakota State . They received an at-large bid into the FCS playoffs where they defeated Wofford in the second round before falling to Montana in the quarterfinals ." } ] }, { "value": "MVFC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Football_Conference", "summary": "The Missouri Valley Football Conference ( MVFC ) , formerly the Gateway Football Conference , is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) as a football-only conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Cleveland Browns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Cleveland_Browns_season", "summary": "The 2012 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise 's 64th season as a professional sports franchise and its 60th season as a member of the National Football League . Although the team improved on its record to 5-11 this 2012 season from its 4-12 finish in 2011 , the team still placed fourth in the AFC North . The team also failed to break its 9-year playoff drought , the longest in franchise history . The 2012 season was the third season under the leadership of team president Mike Holmgren and general manager Tom Heckert and the second season under head coach Pat Shurmur . The Browns also had Jimmy Haslam as their new owner , after buying the team from Randy Lerner . The Browns played all of their home games at Cleveland Browns Stadium in Cleveland , Ohio ." } ] }, { "value": "Tashaun Gipson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tashaun_Gipson", "summary": "Tashaun Gipson ( born August 7 , 1990 ) is an American football free safety for the Houston Texans of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Wyoming , and signed with the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . He has also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars ." } ] }, { "value": "S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender ." } ] }, { "value": "Wyoming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Wyoming_Cowboys_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Cowboys were led by third year head coach Dave Christensen and played their home games at War Memorial Stadium . They are members of the Mountain West Conference . They finished the season 8-5 , 5-2 in Mountain West play to finish in third place . They were invited to the New Mexico Bowl where they lost to Temple ." } ] }, { "value": "MW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference", "summary": "The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West ." } ] }, { "value": "Dallas Cowboys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Dallas_Cowboys_season", "summary": "The 2012 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise 's 53rd season National Football League , the fourth playing their home games at Cowboys Stadium and the second full season under head coach Jason Garrett . The Cowboys matched their win total from 2011 , but missed the playoffs for a third consecutive season after losing their final game for the second straight season , this time to the Washington Redskins ." } ] }, { "value": "Cole Beasley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cole_Beasley", "summary": "Cole Dickson Beasley ( born April 26 , 1989 ) is an American football wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League . He was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . He played college football at Southern Methodist University . A prototypical slot receiver , Beasley is known for his route-running and shiftiness despite his smaller-than-average size for an NFL receiver ." } ] }, { "value": "WR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wide_receiver", "summary": "A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist ." } ] }, { "value": "SMU", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_SMU_Mustangs_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 SMU Mustangs football team represented Southern Methodist University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Mustangs were led by fourth year head coach June Jones and played their home games at Gerald J. Ford Stadium . They are a member of the West Division of Conference USA . They finished the season 8-5 , 5-3 in C-USA to finish in third place in the West Division . They were invited to the BBVA Compass Bowl where they defeated Pittsburgh 28-6 ." } ] }, { "value": "C-USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conference_USA", "summary": "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Dallas Cowboys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Dallas_Cowboys_season", "summary": "The 2012 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise 's 53rd season National Football League , the fourth playing their home games at Cowboys Stadium and the second full season under head coach Jason Garrett . The Cowboys matched their win total from 2011 , but missed the playoffs for a third consecutive season after losing their final game for the second straight season , this time to the Washington Redskins ." } ] }, { "value": "Ronald Leary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ronald_Leary", "summary": "Ronald Leary ( born April 29 , 1989 ) is an American football guard for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Memphis and signed with the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "G", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)", "summary": "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ." } ] }, { "value": "Memphis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Memphis_Tigers_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Memphis Tigers football team represented the University of Memphis in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Tigers were led by second year head coach Larry Porter and played their home games at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium . They are a member of the East Division of Conference USA . They finished the season 2-10 , 1-7 in C-USA play to finish in last place in the East Division Head coach Larry Porter was fired at the end of the season after going 3-21 in two seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "C-USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conference_USA", "summary": "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Dallas Cowboys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Dallas_Cowboys_season", "summary": "The 2012 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise 's 53rd season National Football League , the fourth playing their home games at Cowboys Stadium and the second full season under head coach Jason Garrett . The Cowboys matched their win total from 2011 , but missed the playoffs for a third consecutive season after losing their final game for the second straight season , this time to the Washington Redskins ." } ] }, { "value": "Jamize Olawale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jamize_Olawale", "summary": "Jamize Robert Olawale ( born April 17 , 1989 ) is an American football fullback for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was signed by the Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . He played college football at North Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "FB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)", "summary": "A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal ." } ] }, { "value": "North Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_North_Texas_Mean_Green_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 North Texas Mean Green football team represented the University of North Texas in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Mean Green were led by first year head coach Dan McCarney and played home games at the new Apogee Stadium in Denton , Texas . They finished the season with five wins and seven losses and went 4-4 against conference opponents to finish in fifth place in the Sun Belt Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Sun Belt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sun_Belt_Conference", "summary": "The Sun Belt Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that has been affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I since 1976 . Originally a non-football conference , the Sun Belt began sponsoring football in 2001 . Its football teams participate in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) . The 12 member institutions of the Sun Belt are distributed primarily across the southern United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Denver Broncos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Denver_Broncos_season", "summary": "The 2012 Denver Broncos season was the franchise 's 43rd season in the National Football League , the 53rd overall and the second under head coach John Fox . The offseason was dominated by the signing of former Indianapolis Colts ' quarterback Peyton Manning on March 20 , leading to the team trading incumbent quarterback Tim Tebow and a seventh-round selection to the New York Jets in exchange for two draft selections . While the Broncos did not have a first-round selection in the 2012 NFL Draft , the team selected Derek Wolfe as the team 's first pick in the second round of the draft . Throughout the season , Peyton Manning set numerous individual , franchise and league records , including 300-yard passing games and game-winning drives in the fourth quarter or overtime . Another team record that was set during the season was linebacker Von Miller 's 18.5 quarterback sacks . After a 2-3 start to the season , the Broncos finished the regular season on an eleven-game winning streak , and with a record of 13-3 , the team exceeded their win total from the previous two seasons combined . The Broncos won their second consecutive AFC West division title , as well as earning a first-round bye and homefield advantage throughout the playoffs , but lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens in the Divisional round by a double-overtime score of 38-35 ." } ] }, { "value": "Aaron Brewer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aaron_Brewer", "summary": "Aaron Brewer ( born July 5 , 1990 ) is an American football long snapper for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Brewer signed with the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . He played college football at San Diego State . He married Nicole Brewer on June 2 , 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "LS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Long_snapper", "summary": "In gridiron football , the long snapper ( or deep snapper ) is a special teams specialist whose duty is to snap the football over a longer distance , typically around 15 yards during punts , and 7-8 yards during field goals and extra point attempts . During field goal and point after touchdown attempts , the snap is received by the holder , typically 7-8 yards away . During punts , the snap is delivered to the punter from 13-15 yards away . Following a punt snap , the snapper often executes a blocking assignment and then must cover the kick by running downfield and attempting to stop the opposing team 's punt returner from advancing the ball in the opposite direction . If the punt goes uncaught , it is the snapper 's responsibility to make sure the ball does not enter the end zone or bounce backward resulting in loss of yards . The majority of snappers at the highest levels of competition are specialized , meaning that they uniquely play the position of snapper , or have limited responsibilities elsewhere . A good punt snap should hit the target -- the punter 's hands at the abdomen or waistline -- between .65 and .75 seconds and with a tight spiral for easy handling . A bad snap is an off-target snap which causes the delay or failure of a kick or forces the punter into some other potentially compromising situation ." } ] }, { "value": "San Diego State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_San_Diego_State_Aztecs_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Aztecs were led by first-year head coach Rocky Long and played their home games at Qualcomm Stadium . They are members of the Mountain West Conference . They finished the season 8-5 , 4-3 in Mountain West play to finish fourth place . They were invited to the New Orleans Bowl where they lost to Louisiana-Lafayette ." } ] }, { "value": "MW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference", "summary": "The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West ." } ] }, { "value": "Denver Broncos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Denver_Broncos_season", "summary": "The 2012 Denver Broncos season was the franchise 's 43rd season in the National Football League , the 53rd overall and the second under head coach John Fox . The offseason was dominated by the signing of former Indianapolis Colts ' quarterback Peyton Manning on March 20 , leading to the team trading incumbent quarterback Tim Tebow and a seventh-round selection to the New York Jets in exchange for two draft selections . While the Broncos did not have a first-round selection in the 2012 NFL Draft , the team selected Derek Wolfe as the team 's first pick in the second round of the draft . Throughout the season , Peyton Manning set numerous individual , franchise and league records , including 300-yard passing games and game-winning drives in the fourth quarter or overtime . Another team record that was set during the season was linebacker Von Miller 's 18.5 quarterback sacks . After a 2-3 start to the season , the Broncos finished the regular season on an eleven-game winning streak , and with a record of 13-3 , the team exceeded their win total from the previous two seasons combined . The Broncos won their second consecutive AFC West division title , as well as earning a first-round bye and homefield advantage throughout the playoffs , but lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens in the Divisional round by a double-overtime score of 38-35 ." } ] }, { "value": "Duke Ihenacho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_Ihenacho", "summary": "Duke Uba Ihenacho ( born June 16 , 1989 ) is an American football strong safety who is currently a free agent . He played college football at San Jose State . He signed with the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent following the 2012 NFL Draft . He has also played for the Washington Redskins and New York Giants ." } ] }, { "value": "S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender ." } ] }, { "value": "San Jose State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_San_Jose_State_Spartans_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Spartans were led by second year head coach Mike MacIntyre and played their home games at Spartan Stadium . They are members of the Western Athletic Conference . The Spartans finished the season with a record of 5-7 , 3-4 in WAC play to finish in a three way tie for fourth place ." } ] }, { "value": "WAC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference", "summary": "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ." } ] }, { "value": "Denver Broncos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Denver_Broncos_season", "summary": "The 2012 Denver Broncos season was the franchise 's 43rd season in the National Football League , the 53rd overall and the second under head coach John Fox . The offseason was dominated by the signing of former Indianapolis Colts ' quarterback Peyton Manning on March 20 , leading to the team trading incumbent quarterback Tim Tebow and a seventh-round selection to the New York Jets in exchange for two draft selections . While the Broncos did not have a first-round selection in the 2012 NFL Draft , the team selected Derek Wolfe as the team 's first pick in the second round of the draft . Throughout the season , Peyton Manning set numerous individual , franchise and league records , including 300-yard passing games and game-winning drives in the fourth quarter or overtime . Another team record that was set during the season was linebacker Von Miller 's 18.5 quarterback sacks . After a 2-3 start to the season , the Broncos finished the regular season on an eleven-game winning streak , and with a record of 13-3 , the team exceeded their win total from the previous two seasons combined . The Broncos won their second consecutive AFC West division title , as well as earning a first-round bye and homefield advantage throughout the playoffs , but lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens in the Divisional round by a double-overtime score of 38-35 ." } ] }, { "value": "Mike Remmers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mike_Remmers", "summary": "Michael Remmers ( born April 11 , 1989 ) is an American football offensive tackle for the New York Giants of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Oregon State , where he finished his career as the Beaver with the sixth-most starts in school history . He signed as an undrafted rookie free agent with the Denver Broncos ." } ] }, { "value": "OT", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense ." } ] }, { "value": "Oregon State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Oregon_State_Beavers_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State University during the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team 's head coach was Mike Riley , in his ninth straight season and eleventh overall . Home games were played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis , and they are members of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference . The Beavers finished the season 3-9 , 3-6 in Pac-12 play to finish in fifth place in the North Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Pac-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-12_Conference", "summary": "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ." } ] }, { "value": "Detroit Lions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Detroit_Lions_season", "summary": "The 2012 Detroit Lions season was the franchise 's 83rd season in the National Football League , their 79th as the Detroit Lions and the fourth under head coach Jim Schwartz . The Lions failed to improve from their 10-6 record in 2011 , during which they made it to the postseason as a wild card team . The Lions spent most of the season at the bottom of their division , and ended the season with an eight-game losing streak , their worst skid since the winless 2008 season . It was also the franchise 's 21st consecutive season without a playoff win . The Lions set an NFL record with 740 pass attempts during the season ( 46.25 attempts per game ) , breaking a record that had stood for thirty years . This was the final season for longtime Lions placekicker Jason Hanson , who in his 21st season with the team ( and in the league ) and at age 42 was the NFL 's oldest active player . Hanson retired on April 4 , 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Kellen Moore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kellen_Moore", "summary": "Kellen Christopher Moore ( born July 5 , 1988 ) is an American football coach and former quarterback who is the current offensive coordinator of the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played six seasons in the NFL for the Cowboys and Detroit Lions . He played college football at Boise State . Moore has the all-time record for wins by a starting quarterback in NCAA Division I FBS with a 50-3 ( .943 ) record . As a junior , he finished fourth in the balloting for the 2010 Heisman Trophy ." } ] }, { "value": "QB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quarterback", "summary": "The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack ." } ] }, { "value": "Boise State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Boise_State_Broncos_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Boise State Broncos football team represented Boise State University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Broncos were led by head coach Chris Petersen , winner of the 2010 Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award , and played their home games at Bronco Stadium . This season was Boise State 's first in the Mountain West Conference after spending the previous ten years in the Western Athletic Conference . They finished the season 12-1 , 6-1 Mountain West play to finish in second place . They were invited the Maaco Bowl Las Vegas for the second consecutive year where they defeated Arizona State 56-24 . Between 2008 and 2011 , the Broncos went 50-3 to become the first team in FBS history to win 50 games in four years . With the 50-3 record , quarterback Kellen Moore set a new record for the most wins by a starting quarterback in FBS history , passing former Texas quarterback Colt McCoy ( 45 wins ) ." } ] }, { "value": "MW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference", "summary": "The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West ." } ] }, { "value": "Green Bay Packers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Green_Bay_Packers_season", "summary": "The 2012 Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 94th season overall and their 92nd in the National Football League , and the seventh under head coach Mike McCarthy . The Packers won the NFC North division title for the second year in a row with an 11-5 record . The Packers lost in the Divisional round of the playoffs to the eventual NFC Champion San Francisco 49ers by the score of 45-31 , finishing with a postseason record of 1-1 . The Packers offense finished the season fifth in points and eleventh in yards per game . The defense finished eleventh in points allowed and twenty-second in yards allowed per game ." } ] }, { "value": "Don Barclay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_Barclay_(American_football)", "summary": "Donald Wayne Barclay III ( born April 18 , 1989 ) is an American football offensive guard who is currently a free agent . He played college football at West Virginia and was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "OT", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense ." } ] }, { "value": "West Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_West_Virginia_Mountaineers_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 West Virginia Mountaineer football team represented West Virginia University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season as members of the Big East Conference . The Mountaineers were led by Dana Holgorsen , who was in his first season as head coach . West Virginia played their home games on Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium in Morgantown , West Virginia . They finished the season 10-3 , 5-2 in Big East play to earn a share of the Big East Conference championship with Cincinnati and Louisville . The Mountaineers , in their final season in the Big East before moving to the Big 12 the following season , earned the league 's automatic berth in the BCS due to being the highest ranked of the Big East champions in the final BCS rankings . They were invited to the Orange Bowl for the first time ever where they defeated Clemson 70-33 . West Virginia is now 3-0 in BCS games and the 70 points in the Orange Bowl is the most points ever scored by one team in a bowl game ." } ] }, { "value": "Big East", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)", "summary": "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ." } ] }, { "value": "Green Bay Packers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Green_Bay_Packers_season", "summary": "The 2012 Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 94th season overall and their 92nd in the National Football League , and the seventh under head coach Mike McCarthy . The Packers won the NFC North division title for the second year in a row with an 11-5 record . The Packers lost in the Divisional round of the playoffs to the eventual NFC Champion San Francisco 49ers by the score of 45-31 , finishing with a postseason record of 1-1 . The Packers offense finished the season fifth in points and eleventh in yards per game . The defense finished eleventh in points allowed and twenty-second in yards allowed per game ." } ] }, { "value": "Dezman Moses", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dezman_Moses", "summary": "Dezman Mirrill Moses ( born January 4 , 1989 ) is an American football linebacker who is currently a free agent . He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2012 . He played college football at Tulane University after transferring from the University of Iowa . He has also played for the Kansas City Chiefs ." } ] }, { "value": "LB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Linebacker", "summary": "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ." } ] }, { "value": "Tulane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Tulane_Green_Wave_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Tulane Green Wave football team represented Tulane University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Green Wave played their home games at the Louisiana Superdome , which was renamed the Mercedes-Benz Superdome on October 23 . They competed in the West Division of Conference USA . The team was coached by interim head coach Mark Hutson following fifth-year head coach Bob Toledo 's resignation on October 18 after starting the season 2-5 . The team finished the season 2-11 , 1-7 in C-USA - last place in the West Division ." } ] }, { "value": "C-USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conference_USA", "summary": "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Green Bay Packers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Green_Bay_Packers_season", "summary": "The 2012 Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 94th season overall and their 92nd in the National Football League , and the seventh under head coach Mike McCarthy . The Packers won the NFC North division title for the second year in a row with an 11-5 record . The Packers lost in the Divisional round of the playoffs to the eventual NFC Champion San Francisco 49ers by the score of 45-31 , finishing with a postseason record of 1-1 . The Packers offense finished the season fifth in points and eleventh in yards per game . The defense finished eleventh in points allowed and twenty-second in yards allowed per game ." } ] }, { "value": "Greg Van Roten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greg_Van_Roten", "summary": "Gregory Van Roten ( born February 26 , 1990 ) is an American football guard for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was originally signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)", "summary": "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ." } ] }, { "value": "Penn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Penn_Quakers_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season . The Quakers were led by 20th year head coach Al Bagnoli and played their home games at Franklin Field . They are a member of the Ivy League . They finished the season 5-5 , 4-3 in Ivy League play to finish in a tie for second place ." } ] }, { "value": "Ivy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ivy_League", "summary": "The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private universities in the Northeastern United States . The term Ivy League is typically used to refer to those eight schools as a group of elite colleges beyond the sports context . The eight members are Brown University , Columbia University , Cornell University , Dartmouth College , Harvard University , the University of Pennsylvania , Princeton University , and Yale University . Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence , selectivity in admissions , and social elitism . While the term was in use as early as 1933 , it became official only after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954 . Seven of the eight schools were founded during the colonial period ( Cornell was founded in 1865 ) , and thus account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The other two colonial colleges , Rutgers University and the College of William & Mary , became public institutions instead . Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious in the world , and are ranked among the best universities worldwide by U.S. News & World Report . All eight universities place in the top seventeen of the 2020 U.S. News & World Report national university rankings , including four Ivies in the top three ( Columbia and Yale are tied for 3rd ) . In the 2019 U.S. News & World Report global university rankings , three Ivies rank in the top ten ( Harvard 1st , Columbia 7th , and Princeton 8th ) and six in the top twenty-three . Undergraduate-focused Ivies such as Brown University and Dartmouth College rank 99th and 197th , respectively . U.S. News has named a member of the Ivy League as the best national university in each of the past 18 years ending with the 2018 rankings : Princeton eleven times , Harvard twice , and the two schools tied for first five times ." } ] }, { "value": "Houston Texans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Houston_Texans_season", "summary": "The 2012 Houston Texans season was the franchise 's 11th season in the National Football League and the 7th under head coach Gary Kubiak . The Texans improved on their 10-6 record from 2011 , in which the team earned its first playoff berth and division title in franchise history . The Texans won their second consecutive AFC South division title , and defeated the Cincinnati Bengals in the Wild Card round of the playoffs for a second consecutive season , but were defeated by the New England Patriots in the Divisional round ." } ] }, { "value": "Case Keenum", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Case_Keenum", "summary": "Casey Austin Case Keenum ( born February 17 , 1988 ) is an American football quarterback for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for Houston , where he became the NCAA 's all-time leader in total passing yards , touchdowns , and completions . In the 2008 college football season , Keenum ranked first nationally in total offense and second in total passing yards . During the 2011 season , Keenum became the Football Bowl Subdivision 's all-time leader in total offense , as well as the all-time leader in total touchdown passes by an FBS quarterback . As a result of his on-field contributions to Houston 's success , Keenum was named to several All-American lists . He is the only quarterback in Division I FBS football history to have passed for more than 5,000 yards in each of three seasons . After being signed by the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2012 , Keenum threw for 1,760 yards and 9 touchdowns in the eight games he started for the Texans , before being waived prior to the 2014 season . He was then signed to the St. Louis Rams ' practice squad and then re-signed with the Texans later in 2014 . In 2015 , the St. Louis Rams traded a draft pick to the Texans for Keenum , where he played until signing as a free agent with the Minnesota Vikings in 2017 . After starter Sam Bradford got injured , Keenum came in and had a career year , setting highs in starts , passing yards , completions , and touchdowns . He led the Vikings to a 13-win regular season , followed by a last-second win over the New Orleans Saints in the Divisional Round ; the Vikings lost in the next round to the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles . In 2018 , Keenum signed a two-year $ 36 million contract with the Denver Broncos , playing for them for one season before being traded to the Redskins in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "QB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quarterback", "summary": "The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack ." } ] }, { "value": "Houston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_Houston_Cougars_football_team", "summary": "The 2011 Houston Cougars football team ( also known as the Houston Cougars , Houston , or UH ) represented the University of Houston in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season . It was the 66th year of season play for Houston . The program was a member of Conference USA in its West Division . The team was coached by fourth-year head football coach Kevin Sumlin , and played its home games at Robertson Stadium - a 32,000-seat stadium on campus in Houston . After missing a majority of the 2010 season due to injury , starting quarterback Case Keenum had returned for 2011 . The Cougars finished the regular season 12-0 , setting a new school record for wins . It was also the first undefeated and untied regular season in the program 's 66-year history ; however , the team lost to Southern Miss 49-28 in the 2011 Conference USA Football Championship Game . Had the team won the championship game , Houston would have garnered its ( and C-USA 's ) first-ever Bowl Championship Series berth , as well as its first major-bowl appearance since the 1985 Cotton Bowl . Instead , Houston played in the TicketCity Bowl against Penn State - at the site of the Cotton Bowl - beating Penn State 30-14 ." } ] }, { "value": "C-USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conference_USA", "summary": "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Notable undrafted players", "section_text": "† = Pro Bowler [ N 1 ]", "uid": "2012_NFL_Draft_2", "intro": "The 2012 NFL draft was the 77th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible football players. The draft, which is officially called the NFL Player Selection Meeting, was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City from April 26-28. The Indianapolis Colts, who compiled the league's worst record in the 2011 season with a 2-14 record, had the right to the first selection. On April 17, Indianapolis general manager Ryan Grigson announced that the team would take Andrew Luck as their first pick, saying it was the right thing to do in anticipation of the media gauntlet Luck would face in the days leading up to the draft. Luck, being highly regarded as one of the best quarterback prospects in years, had been the subject of the Suck for Luck campaigns by fans hoping their teams would end up with the worst record in the 2011 season so they would have the chance to draft Luck. Something rare occurred when the first and last picks in the draft were both quarterbacks and were taken by the same team. Chandler Harnish, chosen with the final pick of the draft by the Colts, made him Mr. Irrelevant for 2012. Even at a relatively early stage, the strength of the quarterbacks in the 2012 class had been noted. For the first time since the 1970 merger, five rookie quarterbacks would start during opening week - first-round draft picks Luck, Robert Griffin III, Ryan Tannehill, and Brandon Weeden, as well as third-rounder Russell Wilson. By season's end, three more rookie quarterbacks would start their first games - third-round draft pick Nick Foles, fourth-rounder Kirk Cousins, and sixth-rounder Ryan Lindley. Undrafted quarterbacks Austin Davis, Case Keenum, and Kellen Moore, who were each signed to teams following the draft, as well as second-round draft pick Brock Osweiler, would each eventually start at quarterback in one or more NFL games during later seasons." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Club_Championship_and_AFC_Champions_League_records_and_statistics", "title": "Asian Club Championship and AFC Champions League records and statistics", "header": [ "City", "Winners", "Runners-up", "Winning clubs", "Runners-up" ], "data": [ { "value": "Jeddah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeddah", "summary": "Jeddah ( English : /ˈdʒɛdə/ JED-ə ) , also spelled Jedda , Jiddah or Jidda ( /ˈdʒɪdə/ JID-ə ; Arabic : جدة , romanized : Jidda , Hejazi pronunciation : [ ˈdʒɪd.da ] ) , is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia and the country 's commercial center . With a population of about four million people ( as of 2017 [ update ] ) , Jeddah is the largest city in Makkah Province , the second-largest in Saudi Arabia ( after the capital Riyadh ) , and the tenth-largest in the Arab world . Jeddah Islamic Port , located on the Red Sea , is the second-largest and second-busiest seaport in the Arab world ( after Dubai 's Port of Jebel Ali ) . Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca , the holiest city in Islam , located just 65 kilometres ( 40 mi ) to the east , while Medina , the second-holiest city , is located 360 kilometres ( 220 mi ) to the north . Economically , Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia , and the Middle East . Jeddah was independently ranked fourth in the Africa - Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index . Jeddah is one of Saudi Arabia 's primary resort cities and was named a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network ( GaWC ) . Given the city 's close proximity to the Red Sea , fishing and seafood dominates the food culture unlike other parts of the country . In Arabic , the city 's motto is Jeddah Ghair , which translates to Jeddah is different . The motto has been widely used among both locals as well as foreign visitors . The city had been previously perceived as the most open city in Saudi Arabia ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Al-Ittihad ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ittihad_FC", "summary": "Al-Ittihad Club Saudi Arabia ( Arabic : نادي الاتحاد العربي السعودي ) , also known as Al-Ittihad Jeddah or simply Al-Ittihad , meaning The Union , is a Saudi Premier League football club based in Jeddah . Al-Ittihad has won 8 League titles , 9 King 's cup titles , 8 Crown Prince cup titles , 3 Saudi Federation Cup titles 1 Arab Champions League title , 1 Gulf Champions League title , 2 Saudi Egyptian Super Cup titles , 3 Asian championships and 13 other titles . Overall , it has won 48 official trophies in its history . The club was founded on December 26 , 1927 before the third Saudi state was declared , making it the oldest and first sports club in Saudi Arabia . The most successful period in Al-Ittihad 's history was the 1990s and mid 2000s , when the club won numerous honours both domestically and continental . The team won Cup Winners Cup in 1999 and two Champions League titles in 2004 and 2005 and as far as going on to compete in the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup . The club has the distinction of being the only Asian club to have won the AFC Champions League twice in a row . Al-Ittihad has a record of home average attendance for Asia clubs in domestic league matches with the average of 42,371 on 2014/2015 season and that is for the club 's big popularity which is the first in Saudi Arabia and Asia . The club 's most famous Saudi players are Saeed Ghorab , Hamzah Idris , Ahmad Jamil , Al Hasan Al-Yami , and Mohammed Noor . The most famous foreign players are Brazilian international Bebeto , who played for Al-Ittihad from 2001 to 2002 ; the Brazilian attacking midfielder Tcheco who played for the club from 2003 to 2005 , who came back in 2008 for one season ; and the Portuguese Paulo Jorge Alves , also known as Jójó , who was at Al-Ittihad from 2010 to 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Al-Ittihad ( 1 ) , Al-Ahli ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ittihad_FC", "summary": "Al-Ittihad Club Saudi Arabia ( Arabic : نادي الاتحاد العربي السعودي ) , also known as Al-Ittihad Jeddah or simply Al-Ittihad , meaning The Union , is a Saudi Premier League football club based in Jeddah . Al-Ittihad has won 8 League titles , 9 King 's cup titles , 8 Crown Prince cup titles , 3 Saudi Federation Cup titles 1 Arab Champions League title , 1 Gulf Champions League title , 2 Saudi Egyptian Super Cup titles , 3 Asian championships and 13 other titles . Overall , it has won 48 official trophies in its history . The club was founded on December 26 , 1927 before the third Saudi state was declared , making it the oldest and first sports club in Saudi Arabia . The most successful period in Al-Ittihad 's history was the 1990s and mid 2000s , when the club won numerous honours both domestically and continental . The team won Cup Winners Cup in 1999 and two Champions League titles in 2004 and 2005 and as far as going on to compete in the 2005 FIFA Club World Cup . The club has the distinction of being the only Asian club to have won the AFC Champions League twice in a row . Al-Ittihad has a record of home average attendance for Asia clubs in domestic league matches with the average of 42,371 on 2014/2015 season and that is for the club 's big popularity which is the first in Saudi Arabia and Asia . The club 's most famous Saudi players are Saeed Ghorab , Hamzah Idris , Ahmad Jamil , Al Hasan Al-Yami , and Mohammed Noor . The most famous foreign players are Brazilian international Bebeto , who played for Al-Ittihad from 2001 to 2002 ; the Brazilian attacking midfielder Tcheco who played for the club from 2003 to 2005 , who came back in 2008 for one season ; and the Portuguese Paulo Jorge Alves , also known as Jójó , who was at Al-Ittihad from 2010 to 2012 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Al-Ahli_Saudi_FC", "summary": "Al-Ahli Saudi Football Club ( Arabic : النادي الأهلي السعودي لكرة القدم ) is a Saudi Arabian professional football club based in Jeddah , that competes in the Saudi Pro League , the top flight of Saudi Arabian football . The club was founded in 1937 . Domestically , Al-Ahli have won 3 Professional League titles and 13 King Cups , 6 Crown Prince Cups , and 1 Super Cup . In international club football , Al-Ahli have won 3 GCC Champions League and 1 Arab Club Championship and have reached two AFC Champions League finals . The first Saudi club combined the league and the King 's Cup in the same season in 1968 , the only club that did it 3 times in 1978 , 1984 , 2016 . Al-Ahli is one of the four founding members of the Saudi Pro League that have never been relegated from the top flight , along with Al-Hilal , Al-Ittihad , and Al-Nassr . Al-Ahli have a record-breaking 51-match unbeaten run from 2014 to 2016 . Al Ahli 's home games are played at King Abdullah Sports City , also known as the KASC Stadium . The stadium , which is shared with long-lasting city rivals Al-Ittihad , is the second largest stadium in Saudi Arabia , with a total capacity of 62,000 . The club 's most famous Saudi players are Taisir Al-Jassim , Khalid Massad , Amin Dabo , Mohamed Abd Al-Jawad , Malek Mouath , and Yasser Al Mosailem . And the most famous foreign players are Omar Al Soma , Victor Simões , Nabil Maâloul , Imad Al Hosni and Mohamed Barakat ." } ] }, { "value": "Jeonju", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeonju", "summary": "Jeonju ( Korean pronunciation : [ tɕʌn.dʑu ] ) is the 16th largest city in South Korea and the capital of North Jeolla Province . It is both urban and rural due to the closeness of Wanju County which almost entirely surrounds Jeonju ( Wanju County has many residents who work in Jeonju ) . The name Jeonju literally means Perfect Region ( from the hanja 全 ( 전 ; jeon ) for perfect , 州 ( 주 ; ju ) for region ) . It is an important tourist center famous for Korean food , historic buildings , sports activities , and innovative festivals . In May 2012 , Jeonju was chosen as a Creative Cities for Gastronomy as part of UNESCO 's Creative Cities Network . This honour recognizes the city 's traditional home cooking handed down over thousands of years , its active public and private food research , a system of nurturing talented chefs , and its hosting of distinctive food festivals ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeonbuk_Hyundai_Motors", "summary": "Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors ( Korean : 전북 현대 모터스 ) is a professional football club based in North Jeolla Province , South Korea . Jeonbuk play at the Jeonju World Cup Stadium in Jeonju , the capital city of the province . Jeonbuk has won the K League seven times , first in 2009 . They have also won the Korean FA Cup three times , in 2000 , 2003 and 2005 . The club has won the AFC Champions League twice , first in 2006 , becoming the first club from East Asia to win the tournament since the AFC Champions League was launched in its current format in 2003 , and for a time being the only team in the world to have become continental champions without ever having won a domestic league title . This title guaranteed Jeonbuk 's participation in the FIFA Club World Cup in December 2006 . They won the second title in 2016 . The club 's color is green which is also the color of North Jeolla Province . It 's South Korea 's most successful football club up to date ." } ] }, { "value": "Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeonbuk_Hyundai_Motors", "summary": "Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors ( Korean : 전북 현대 모터스 ) is a professional football club based in North Jeolla Province , South Korea . Jeonbuk play at the Jeonju World Cup Stadium in Jeonju , the capital city of the province . Jeonbuk has won the K League seven times , first in 2009 . They have also won the Korean FA Cup three times , in 2000 , 2003 and 2005 . The club has won the AFC Champions League twice , first in 2006 , becoming the first club from East Asia to win the tournament since the AFC Champions League was launched in its current format in 2003 , and for a time being the only team in the world to have become continental champions without ever having won a domestic league title . This title guaranteed Jeonbuk 's participation in the FIFA Club World Cup in December 2006 . They won the second title in 2016 . The club 's color is green which is also the color of North Jeolla Province . It 's South Korea 's most successful football club up to date ." } ] }, { "value": "Saitama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saitama,_Saitama", "summary": "Saitama ( さいたま市 , Saitama-shi , Japanese : [ saꜜitama ] ) is the capital and the most populous city of Saitama Prefecture , Japan . Its area incorporates the former cities of Urawa , Ōmiya , Yono and Iwatsuki . It is a city designated by government ordinance . Being in the Greater Tokyo Area and lying 15 to 30 kilometres north of central Tokyo , many of its residents commute into Tokyo . As of 1 January 2020 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 1,309,768 , and a population density of 6,024 persons per km² . Its total area is 217.43 square kilometres ( 83.95 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Urawa Red Diamonds ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urawa_Red_Diamonds", "summary": "Urawa Red Diamonds ( 浦和レッドダイヤモンズ , Urawa Reddo Daiyamonzu ) , colloquially Urawa Reds ( 浦和レッズ ) , are a professional association football club playing in Japan 's football league , J1 League . The name Red Diamonds alludes to the club 's pre-professional era parent company Mitsubishi . The corporation 's logo consists of three red diamonds , one of which remains within the current club badge . Its hometown is the city of Saitama in Saitama Prefecture , but its name comes from the former city of Urawa , which is now a part of Saitama City ." } ] }, { "value": "Urawa Red Diamonds ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urawa_Red_Diamonds", "summary": "Urawa Red Diamonds ( 浦和レッドダイヤモンズ , Urawa Reddo Daiyamonzu ) , colloquially Urawa Reds ( 浦和レッズ ) , are a professional association football club playing in Japan 's football league , J1 League . The name Red Diamonds alludes to the club 's pre-professional era parent company Mitsubishi . The corporation 's logo consists of three red diamonds , one of which remains within the current club badge . Its hometown is the city of Saitama in Saitama Prefecture , but its name comes from the former city of Urawa , which is now a part of Saitama City ." } ] }, { "value": "Guangzhou", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guangzhou", "summary": "Guangzhou ( Chinese : 广州 ; Cantonese pronunciation : [ kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ̂u ] or [ kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ́u ] ( listen ) ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ kwàŋ.ʈʂóu ] ( listen ) ) , also known as Canton and formerly romanized as Kwangchow or Kwong Chow , is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong in southern China . On the Pearl River about 120 km ( 75 mi ) north-northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km ( 90 mi ) north of Macau , Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road , and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub , as well as one of China 's three largest cities . Guangzhou is at the heart of the most-populous built-up metropolitan area in mainland China that extends into the neighboring cities of Foshan , Dongguan , Zhongshan and Shenzhen , forming one of the largest urban agglomerations on Earth . Administratively , the city holds sub-provincial status and is one of China 's nine National Central Cities . At the end of 2018 , the population of the city 's expansive administrative area is estimated at 14,904,400 by city authorities , up 3.8% year from the previous year . Guangzhou is ranked as an Alpha global city . There is a rapidly increasing number of foreign temporary residents and immigrants from Southeast Asia , the Middle East , Eastern Europe and Africa . This has led to it being dubbed the Capital of the Third World . The domestic migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40% of the city 's total population in 2008 . Together with Shanghai , Beijing and Shenzhen , Guangzhou has one of the most expensive real estate markets in China . In the late 1990s and early 2000s , nationals of sub-Saharan Africa who had initially settled in the Middle East and other parts of Southeast Asia moved in unprecedented numbers to Guangzhou in response to the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis . Long the only Chinese port accessible to most foreign traders , Guangzhou fell to the British during the First Opium War ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guangzhou_Evergrande_Taobao_F.C.", "summary": "Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao Football Club is a professional Chinese football club that participates in the Chinese Super League under the license of the Chinese Football Association . The team is based in Guangzhou , Guangdong , and their home stadium is the Tianhe Stadium which has a seating capacity of 58,500 . Their majority shareholders are the Evergrande Real Estate Group ( 56.71% ) and the e-commerce company Alibaba Group ( 37.81% ) , while the rest of the shares are traded in the Chinese OTC system . They were founded in 1954 , and won several second tier titles before they became professional in 1993 . Their results improved , leading to a runners-up spot in China 's top tier . Unable to improve upon these results , the club went through a period of stagnation and decline before they experienced a brief revival , when they won the 2007 second division . In 2009 , the club was embroiled in a match-fixing scandal and they were punished with relegation . The Evergrande Real Estate Group decided to purchase the club and pumped significant funds into the team . They immediately won promotion and gained their first top tier title in the 2011 season . The club is the only Chinese football club to win the AFC Champions League twice , in 2013 and 2015 . The club is also the first Chinese club to participate in the FIFA Club World Cup , making its first appearance in 2013 . According to Forbes , Guangzhou Evergrande is the most valuable football team in China , with a team value of US $ 282 million and an estimated revenue of US $ 57 million in 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Al Ain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Al_Ain", "summary": "Al Ain ( Arabic : ٱلْعَيْن , al-ʿayn , literally The Spring ) is a city in the Eastern Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi , on the United Arab Emirates ' border with Oman , adjacent to the town of Al-Buraimi . It is the largest inland city in the Emirates , the fourth-largest overall ( after Dubai , Abu Dhabi , and Sharjah ) , and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi . The freeways connecting Al-Ain , Abu Dhabi , and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country , each city being roughly 130 kilometres ( 81 mi ) from the other two . Al-Ain is known as the Garden City ( Arabic : مَدِيْنَة ٱلْحَدِيْقَة , romanized : Madīnat Al-Ḥadīqah , lit . 'City of The Garden ' ) of Abu Dhabi , the UAE or the Gulf , due to its greenery , particularly with regard to the city 's oases , parks , tree-lined avenues and decorative roundabouts , with there being strict height controls on new buildings , to no more than seven floors , and according to one author , an oasis around Al-Ain and Al-Hasa in Saudi Arabia are the most important in the Arabian Peninsula . That said , the region of Al-Ain and Al-Buraimi , altogether Tawam or Al-Buraimi Oasis , is of cultural and historical importance . For example , the area witnessed events relevant to the history of Islam during the Rashidun , Umayyad and Abbasid eras , similar to Dibba and Ras Al-Khaimah . It was where Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , the founder of the United Arab Emirates , spent much of his life , at least since 1927 , before becoming the Ruler of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in 1966 . Though it is often held that he was born in Abu Dhabi , some hold the view that he was born in Al-Ain . Al-Ain may also be the site of the oldest mosque in the country , in the premises of the Sheikh Khalifa Mosque ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Al-Ain ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Al_Ain_FC", "summary": "Al-Ain Football Club ( Arabic : نادي العين لكرة القدم ; transliterated : Nady al-'Ayn ) or Al-Ain FC or simply Al-Ain is a professional football club , based in the city of Al Ain , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . It is one of many sport sections of the multi-sports club Al Ain Sports and Cultural Club ( Arabic : نادي العين الرياضي الثقافي ) Al Ain SCC for short . The club was founded in 1968 by players from Al Ain , members of a Bahraini group of exchange students and the Sudanese community working in the United Arab Emirates . The team quickly gained popularity and recognition throughout the country , being the team with the most trophies ( 34 in total ) . Al Ain is by far the most successful club in the UAE . Al Ain has won a record 13 UAE Pro-League , 6 President 's Cups , 3 Federation Cups , 1 Arabian Gulf Cup , a record 5 Super Cups , two Abu Dhabi Championship Cups , one Joint League Cup , Emirati-Moroccan Super Cup , Gulf Club Champions Cup and AFC Champions League . The club is the first and only UAE side so far to win the AFC Champions League ." } ] }, { "value": "Al-Ain ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Al_Ain_FC", "summary": "Al-Ain Football Club ( Arabic : نادي العين لكرة القدم ; transliterated : Nady al-'Ayn ) or Al-Ain FC or simply Al-Ain is a professional football club , based in the city of Al Ain , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . It is one of many sport sections of the multi-sports club Al Ain Sports and Cultural Club ( Arabic : نادي العين الرياضي الثقافي ) Al Ain SCC for short . The club was founded in 1968 by players from Al Ain , members of a Bahraini group of exchange students and the Sudanese community working in the United Arab Emirates . The team quickly gained popularity and recognition throughout the country , being the team with the most trophies ( 34 in total ) . Al Ain is by far the most successful club in the UAE . Al Ain has won a record 13 UAE Pro-League , 6 President 's Cups , 3 Federation Cups , 1 Arabian Gulf Cup , a record 5 Super Cups , two Abu Dhabi Championship Cups , one Joint League Cup , Emirati-Moroccan Super Cup , Gulf Club Champions Cup and AFC Champions League . The club is the first and only UAE side so far to win the AFC Champions League ." } ] }, { "value": "Riyadh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Riyadh", "summary": "Riyadh ( /rɪˈjɑːd/ ; Arabic : الرياض , romanized : ar-Riyāḍ [ ar.riˈjaːdˤ ] , Najdi pronunciation : [ er.rɪˈjɑːðˤ ] ) is the capital of Saudi Arabia and the largest city on the Arabian Peninsula . With a population of 6.9 million people , Riyadh is the third-largest city in the Arab world and the 39th-largest in Asia . Riyadh is located on the eastern part of the Najd plateau at about 600 metres ( 2,000 ft ) above sea level . Riyadh is the political and administrative centre of Saudi Arabia and is the headquarters of the country 's central government bodies , such as the Saudi Royal Court and the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia . Riyadh is of great economic importance , as it is the headquarters of many banks and major companies . It is also the location of the King Abdullah Financial District , one of the world 's largest financial centres . Riyadh is one of the world 's fastest-growing cities in population , with many immigrants . The city is divided into 15 municipal districts , managed by the Municipality of Riyadh headed by the mayor of Riyadh , and the Royal Commission for Riyadh which is chaired by the governor of the Province , Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud . The current mayor is Tariq bin Abdul Aziz Al-Faris . Riyadh has been designated a global city ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Al-Hilal ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Al-Hilal_FC", "summary": "Al Hilal Saudi Football Club ( Arabic : نادي الهلال السعودي لكرة القدم ) is a Saudi Arabian professional multi-sports club based in Riyadh . The football team plays in the Saudi Professional League . Founded on 16 October 1957 , it is one of four teams to have participated in all seasons of the Saudi Professional League since its establishment in 1976 . Overall , they have won 15 official titles on the national and international stage , and 99 counting friendly trophies . In domestic competitions , they have won a record 15 Professional League titles , a record 13 Crown Prince Cup titles , a record 7 Saudi Federation Cup titles , 8 King Cup titles , a record 2 Super Cup title , and also the Saudi Founder 's Cup an official Centennial football tournament , held every hundred years . Internationally , Al Hilal has a record 7 Asian Football Confederation trophies - the AFC Champions League in 1991 , 2000 and 2019 , the Asian Cup Winners Cup in 1997 and 2002 , and the Asian Super Cup in 1997 , 2000 . In September 2009 , Al Hilal was awarded Best Asian Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS ." } ] }, { "value": "Al-Hilal ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Al-Hilal_FC", "summary": "Al Hilal Saudi Football Club ( Arabic : نادي الهلال السعودي لكرة القدم ) is a Saudi Arabian professional multi-sports club based in Riyadh . The football team plays in the Saudi Professional League . Founded on 16 October 1957 , it is one of four teams to have participated in all seasons of the Saudi Professional League since its establishment in 1976 . Overall , they have won 15 official titles on the national and international stage , and 99 counting friendly trophies . In domestic competitions , they have won a record 15 Professional League titles , a record 13 Crown Prince Cup titles , a record 7 Saudi Federation Cup titles , 8 King Cup titles , a record 2 Super Cup title , and also the Saudi Founder 's Cup an official Centennial football tournament , held every hundred years . Internationally , Al Hilal has a record 7 Asian Football Confederation trophies - the AFC Champions League in 1991 , 2000 and 2019 , the Asian Cup Winners Cup in 1997 and 2002 , and the Asian Super Cup in 1997 , 2000 . In September 2009 , Al Hilal was awarded Best Asian Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS ." } ] }, { "value": "Seongnam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seongnam", "summary": "Seongnam ( Korean pronunciation : [ sʌŋ.nam ] ) is the second largest city in South Korea 's Gyeonggi Province after Suwon and the 10th largest city in the country . Its population is approximately one million . Seongnam is a satellite city of Seoul . It is largely a residential city located immediately southeast of Seoul and belongs to the Seoul National Capital Area . Seongnam , the first planned city in Korea 's history , was conceived during the era of President Park Chung-Hee for the purpose of industrializing the nation by concentrating electronic , textile , and petrochemical facilities there during the 1970s and 1980s . The city featured a network of roads , to Seoul and other major cities , from the early 1970s on . Today , Seongnam has merged with the metropolitan network of Seoul . Bundang , one of the districts in Seongnam , was developed in the 1990s . To accelerate the dispersion of Seoul 's population to its suburbs and relieve the congested Seoul metropolitan area , the Korean government has provided stimulus packages to large public corporations and private companies to be headquartered in the Bundang district . Bundang-gu is now home to prominent companies such as KT ( formerly Korea Telecom ) . In recent years , a movement to have Seongnam designated a metropolitan city capable of governing itself has arisen . In August 2009 , the city of Seongnam decided to merge with the city of Hanam , also in Gyeonggi-do ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seongnam FC ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seongnam_FC", "summary": "Seongnam FC ( Hangul : 성남 FC ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Seongnam , South Korea . Seongnam plays in the K League 1 , the top division in South Korea . Founded as Ilhwa Chunma Football Club in 1989 , the club have won a joint-record seven national league titles , three FA Cups , three League Cups , and two AFC Champions League titles . Seongnam also placed fifth in the IFFHS Asian Clubs of the 20th century . In 2014 , the club was bought by the Seongnam City Government and was officially renamed Seongnam FC ." } ] }, { "value": "Seongnam FC ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seongnam_FC", "summary": "Seongnam FC ( Hangul : 성남 FC ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Seongnam , South Korea . Seongnam plays in the K League 1 , the top division in South Korea . Founded as Ilhwa Chunma Football Club in 1989 , the club have won a joint-record seven national league titles , three FA Cups , three League Cups , and two AFC Champions League titles . Seongnam also placed fifth in the IFFHS Asian Clubs of the 20th century . In 2014 , the club was bought by the Seongnam City Government and was officially renamed Seongnam FC ." } ] }, { "value": "Osaka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture", "summary": "Osaka Prefecture ( 大阪府 , Ōsaka-fu ) is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshu , the main island of Japan . The capital is the city of Osaka . It is the center of Keihanshin area . Osaka is one of the two urban prefectures ( 府 , fu ) of Japan , Kyoto being the other ( Tokyo became a metropolitan prefecture , or to , in 1941 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gamba Osaka ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gamba_Osaka", "summary": "Gamba Osaka ( ガンバ大阪 , Gamba Ōsaka ) is a Japanese professional association football club currently playing in the J1 League , the top division of Japanese football . The team 's name Gamba comes from the Italian word gamba meaning leg and the Japanese ganbaru ( 頑張る ) , meaning to do your best or to stand firm . Located in Suita , Osaka , the team 's home stadium is Suita City Football Stadium . Gamba Osaka is currently the second-most accomplished J.League club , having won 8 top-tier domestic titles as well as the 2008 AFC Champions League ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pohang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pohang", "summary": "Pohang ( Korean pronunciation : [ pʰo.ɦaŋ ] ) is a city in the province of North Gyeongsang , South Korea , and a main seaport in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region . The built-up area of Pohang is located on the alluvium of the mouth of the Hyeongsan River . The city is divided into two wards ( gu ) , Buk-gu or Northern Ward ( 북구 ; 北區 ) and Nam-gu or Southern Ward ( 남구 ; 南區 ) . This city has the largest population of North Gyeongsang Province and it has the third largest land area of any city ( si ) in South Korea ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pohang Steelers ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pohang_Steelers", "summary": "Pohang Steelers ( Hangul : 포항 스틸러스 ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Pohang , North Gyeongsang . They were originally called Pohang Steelworks , after the Pohang Iron and Steel Company that owned it . The club was founded in 1973 and is one of Korean football 's most successful sides . They are the joint-most successful team in Asia with three AFC Champions League titles ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Doha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Doha", "summary": "Doha ( Arabic : الدوحة , ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa , pronounced [ adˈdawħa ] ) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar . It has a population of 956,460 ( 2015 ) . The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country . It is Qatar 's fastest growing city , with over 80% of the nation 's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs , [ citation needed ] and it is also the economic centre of the country . Doha was founded in the 1820s as an offshoot of Al Bidda . It was officially declared as the country 's capital in 1971 , when Qatar gained independence from being a British Protectorate . As the commercial capital of Qatar and one of the emergent financial centres in the Middle East , Doha is considered a beta-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Doha accommodates Education City , an area devoted to research and education . The city was host to the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations . It was also selected as host city of a number of sporting events , including the 2006 Asian Games , the 2011 Pan Arab Games and most of the games at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup . In December 2011 , the World Petroleum Council held the 20th World Petroleum Conference in Doha . Additionally , the city hosted the 2012 UNFCCC Climate Negotiations and is set to host many of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Al-Sadd ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Al_Sadd_SC", "summary": "Al-Sadd Sports Club ( Arabic : نادي السد الرياضي ) is a Qatari sports club based in the Al Sadd district of the city of Doha . It is best known for its association football team , which competes in the top level of Qatari football , the Qatar Stars League . Locally , it is known primarily by the nickname Al Zaeem , which translates to The Boss . It is known as the best team in Qatar and is the only Qatari team that has won the AFC Champions League in Asia . In addition to football , the club has teams for handball , basketball , volleyball , table tennis and athletics . It is the most successful sports club in the country , and holds a national record of 57 official football championships . The origin of Al Sadd 's conception began with four Qatari students who excelled in football , but did not wish to join any of the existing football clubs . After consulting with the minister of Youth and Sports , the group , led by Abdulla bin Ahmed bin Mubarak Al Ali and Ali bin Mohammad bin Ali bin Sultan Al Ali , founded the club on 21 October 1969 in Qatar 's capital city . In the 1989 season , they became the first Arab club side to triumph in the Asian Club Championship by defeating Al Rasheed of Iraq on an aggregate of away goals . Twenty-two years later , they won the 2011 Asian Champions League and earned a spot in the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup , in which Al Sadd finished third ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ulsan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ulsan", "summary": "Ulsan ( Korean pronunciation : [ ul.s͈an ] ) , officially the Ulsan Metropolitan City , is South Korea 's seventh-largest metropolitan city and the eighth-largest city overall , with a population of over 1.1 million inhabitants . It is located in the south-east of the country , neighboring Busan to the south and facing Gyeongju to the north . Ulsan is the industrial powerhouse of South Korea , forming the heart of the Ulsan Industrial District . It has the world 's largest automobile assembly plant operated by the Hyundai Motor Company ; the world 's largest shipyard , operated by Hyundai Heavy Industries ; and the world 's third largest oil refinery , owned by SK Energy . In 2017 , Ulsan had a GDP per capita of $ 65,093 , the highest of any region in South Korea ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ulsan Hyundai ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ulsan_Hyundai_FC", "summary": "The Ulsan Hyundai Football Club is a South Korean professional football club , owned by the South Korean corporation Hyundai Heavy Industries . Established on 6 December 1983 , they joined the K League in 1984 as Hyundai Horang-i . The home ground of the team is Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sydney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sydney", "summary": "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Western Sydney Wanderers ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_Sydney_Wanderers_FC", "summary": "Western Sydney Wanderers Football Club ( colloquially known as Western Sydney , or simply as Wanderers ) is an Australian professional soccer club based in the Western Sydney region of Sydney , New South Wales . It competes in the country 's premier soccer competition , the A-League , under licence from Football Federation Australia ( FFA ) . The club has established itself as a major force in both Australia and Asia , having won one A-League Premiership and an AFC Champions League title in its short history . Formed in April 2012 by FFA , Wanderers was established with a strong community focus . A series of community forums across Western Sydney helped choose the club 's name and colours , as well as its culture and playing style . The club 's record-breaking inaugural season won them an A-League premiership and saw the club reach the 2013 A-League Grand Final . The club followed that up by contesting the 2014 A-League Grand Final and securing second place in their second season of the league . The club was also crowned Asian Champions in their debut Champions League season , becoming the first , and so far only , Australian side to win the tournament . The club is run from a facility based in Blacktown , and currently plays matches at Bankwest Stadium . Their foundation home ground of Parramatta Stadium was closed & demolished in 2017 as part of process for building the new stadium . An academy youth team competes in the National Youth League and the National Premier Leagues NSW . A women 's team competes in the W-League ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kashima", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kashima,_Ibaraki", "summary": "Kashima ( 鹿嶋市 , Kashima-shi ) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture , Japan . As of April 2018 , the city had an estimated population of 67,560 , and a population density of 631 persons per km² . Its total area is 106.02 square kilometres ( 40.93 sq mi ) . Kashima is the home of the J . League 's Kashima Antlers . Its home field , Kashima Soccer Stadium , was used as a site during the 2002 FIFA World Cup . The city is also the site of the Kashima Shrine , a Shinto shrine which is considered the birthplace of many influential styles of Japanese swordsmanship ( Kenjutsu ) . It is one of the oldest shrines in eastern Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kashima Antlers ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kashima_Antlers", "summary": "Kashima Antlers ( 鹿島アントラーズ , Kashima Antorāzu ) are a Japanese professional association football club playing in the J1 League with financial backing from Mercari . Antlers is derived from the city name , Kashima , which literally means deer island . Since the J.League 's creation and introduction of professional Japanese football in 1993 , Kashima have proved by far Japan 's most successful club team , having won the J.League title a record eight times , the J.League Cup a record six times and the Emperor 's Cup five times for an unprecedented total of nineteen major domestic titles . Kashima also won their first AFC Champions League title in 2018 . Kashima have finished in the top five of the league for over seventy percent of all seasons played to date , recorded an average end of season league placing of third and captured a major domestic title in over sixty percent of all seasons played to date . Kashima are also one of only two teams to have competed in Japan 's top flight of professional football every year since its inception ( the other being Yokohama F. Marinos ) ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Isfahan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Isfahan", "summary": "Isfahan ( Persian : اصفهان , romanized : Esfahān [ esfæˈhɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , historically also rendered in English as Ispahan , Sepahan , Esfahan or Hispahan , is a city in Iran . It is located 406 kilometres ( 252 miles ) south of Tehran , and is the capital of Isfahan Province . Isfahan has a population of approximately 2.0 million , making it the third largest city in Iran after Tehran and Mashhad , but was once one of the largest cities in the world . Isfahan is an important city as it is located at the intersection of the two principal north-south and east-west routes that traverse Iran . Isfahan flourished from 1050 to 1722 , particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries under the Safavid dynasty when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history under Shah Abbas the Great . Even today the city retains much of its past glory . It is famous for its Perso-Islamic architecture , grand boulevards , covered bridges , palaces , tiled mosques , and minarets . Isfahan also has many historical buildings , monuments , paintings and artefacts . The fame of Isfahan led to the Persian pun and proverb Esfahān nesf-e- jahān ast : Isfahan is half ( of ) the world . The Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan is one of the largest city squares in the world . UNESCO has designated it a World Heritage Site ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sepahan ( 1 ) , Zob Ahan ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sepahan_Isfahan_F.C.", "summary": "Foolad Mobarakeh Sepahan Sport Club ( Persian : باشگاه ورزشی فولاد مبارکه سپاهان ) , commonly known as Sepahan S.C. , is an Iranian sport club based in Isfahan . They are playing in Iran 's top-level competition known as Persian Gulf Pro League . With 5 championships , is one of the most successful football clubs in Iran . In 2002-03 season , they became the first non-Tehran based team to win the Iranian League title . They are also the first Iranian football club who won three consecutive titles in Iranian Football League history . Sepahan is one of the most successful football clubs in Iran since the establishment of Iran Pro League in 2001 , with five IPL championships and four Hazfi Cup titles . They are also the first Iranian club who reached the AFC Champions League final in 2007 and qualified to play in the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup at the same year . Sepahan Football Club is usually known for its successful and consistent management as well as its youth academy in Iranian football system . By winning multiple tiles since 2003 , they have succeeded to end the complete dominance of two famous clubs , Persepolis and Esteghlal , in Iranian football system . The Club is the football division of Foolad Mobarakeh Sepahan Sport Club and is owned by Mobarakeh Steel Company" }, { "url": "/wiki/Zob_Ahan_Isfahan_F.C.", "summary": "Zob Ahan Esfahan Football Club ( Persian : باشگاه فوتبال ذوب‌آهن اصفهان ) is an Iranian football club based in Fuladshahr , Iran . It competes in the Persian Gulf Pro League . The team is sponsored by the Isfahan Steel Company , which also goes by the name Zob Ahan . The club 's main rival is fellow Isfahani team Sepahan , which is also sponsored by the rival steel mill Mobarakeh Steel Company . Zob Ahan club also has a basketball team , sponsored by the same Isfahan Steel Company , which is one of the teams in the Iranian Super League . In the 2010 AFC Champions League . Zob Ahan finished as runners-up losing 3-1 to South Korean club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma in the final . Zob Ahan has won the Hazfi Cup on four occasions ( 2002-03 , 2008-09 , 2014-15 and 2015-16 ) and have finished as runners-up one time ( 2000-01 ) . The club has also finished as League runners-up three times ( 2004-05 , 2008-09 and 2009-10 ) and has won the Iranian Super Cup once ( 2016 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Bangkok", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bangkok", "summary": "Bangkok [ a ] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand . It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [ b ] or simply Krung Thep . [ c ] The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres ( 605.7 sq mi ) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million , 12.6 percent of the country 's population . Over fourteen million people ( 22.2 percent ) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census , making Bangkok the nation 's primate city , dwarfing Thailand 's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy . Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century , which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities : Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782 . Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam , later renamed Thailand , during the late-19th century , as the country faced pressures from the West . The city was at the centre of Thailand 's political struggles throughout the 20th century , as the country abolished absolute monarchy , adopted constitutional rule , and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings . The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand 's politics , economy , education , media and modern society . [ citation needed ] The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok . The city is now a regional force in finance and business . It is an international hub for transport and health care , and has emerged as a centre for the arts , fashion , and entertainment . The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks , as well as its red-light districts ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BEC Tero Sasana ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Police_Tero_F.C.", "summary": "Police Tero Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลโปลิศ เทโร ) , formerly known as BEC Tero Sasana , is a Thai professional football club based in Bangkok . The club finished runners-up in the inaugural AFC Champions League competition in 2003 . BEC Tero Sasana merged with Police United in the 2017 season and changed its official name to Police Tero Football Club in the 2018 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Homs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Homs", "summary": "Homs ( UK : /hɒms/ , US : /hɔːms , hɔːmz , hʊms/ ; Arabic : حمص / ALA-LC : Ḥimṣ [ ħɪmsˤ ] ; Levantine Arabic : حمص / Ḥumṣ [ ħɔmsˤ ] ) , known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa ( /ˈɛməsə/ ; Ancient Greek : Ἔμεσα , romanized : Émesa ) , is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate . It is 501 metres ( 1,644 ft ) above sea level and is located 162 kilometres ( 101 mi ) north of Damascus . Located on the Orontes River , Homs is also the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast . Before the Syrian Civil War , Homs was a major industrial centre , and with a population of at least 652,609 people in 2004 , it was the third-largest city in Syria after Aleppo to the north and the capital Damascus to the south . Its population reflects Syria 's general religious diversity , composed of Sunni and Alawite Muslims , and Christians . There are a number of historic mosques and churches in the city , and it is close to the Krak des Chevaliers castle , a World Heritage Site . Homs did not emerge into the historical record until the 1st century BCE at the time of the Seleucids . [ disputed - discuss ] It later became the capital of a kingdom ruled by the Emesene dynasty who gave the city its name . [ disputed - discuss ] Originally a center of worship for the sun god El-Gabal , it later gained importance in Christianity under the Byzantines . Homs was conquered by the Muslims in the 7th century and made capital of a district that bore its current name . Throughout the Islamic era , Muslim dynasties contending for control of Syria sought after Homs due to the city 's strategic position in the area . Homs began to decline under the Ottomans and only in the 19th century did the city regain its economic importance when its cotton industry boomed ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Al-Karamah ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Al-Karamah_SC", "summary": "Al-Karamah Sports Club ( Arabic : نادي الكرامة الرياضي ) is a Syrian football club based in the city of Homs . Founded in 1928 , it is considered to be one of Asia 's oldest sporting clubs . The club has won eight Syrian League titles and eight Syrian Cup titles . It also was the first Syrian club to win both the league and cup titles in the same year . The club is based at the Khaled Ibn Al Walid Stadium . In 2008 the club formed Board of Honor from a prominent business men of the city of Homs to support the club activities and Dr Mohammed Rahif Hakmi was elected as the Board Chairman ." } ] }, { "value": "Adelaide", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adelaide", "summary": "Adelaide ( /ˈædəleɪd/ ( listen ) AD-ə-layd ) is the capital city of the state of South Australia , and the fifth-most populous city of Australia . The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide . Adelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula , between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east . Its metropolitan area extends 20 km ( 12 mi ) from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges , and stretches 96 km ( 60 mi ) from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the south . Named in honour of Queen Adelaide , consort to King William IV , the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia . Colonel William Light , one of Adelaide 's founding fathers , designed the city centre and chose its location close to the River Torrens , in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people and known as Tarndanyangga ( place of the red kangaroo ) . Light 's design , now listed as national heritage , set out the city centre in a grid layout , interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares , and entirely surrounded by parklands . Early colonial Adelaide was shaped by the diversity and wealth of its free settlers , in contrast to the convict history of other Australian cities . Until the post-war era , it was Australia 's third-largest city . It has been noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms , and became known as the City of Churches due to its diversity of faiths . Today , Adelaide is noted for its many festivals and sporting events , its food and wine , its coastline and hills , and its large defence and manufacturing sectors . Adelaide 's quality of life has ranked consistently highly in various measures through the 21st century ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Adelaide United ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adelaide_United_FC", "summary": "Adelaide United Football Club is a professional soccer club based in Adelaide , South Australia , Australia . The club participates in the A-League under licence from Football Federation Australia . The club was founded in 2003 to fill the place vacated by Adelaide City and West Adelaide in the former National Soccer League ( NSL ) , and is now the sole team from the state of South Australia in the A-League . Adelaide United 's home ground is Hindmarsh Stadium . Adelaide United were premiers in the inaugural 2005-06 A-League season , finishing 7 points clear of the rest of the competition , before finishing third in the finals . Adelaide United holds the record for the largest win in an A-League game . Adelaide defeated North Queensland Fury 8-1 at Hindmarsh Stadium on 21 January 2011 . It was also the first time - and , to date , remains the only time - a team had two players score hat-tricks in a single match : one to Marcos Flores and the other to Sergio van Dijk . In 2014 , Adelaide United were the winners of the first FFA Cup , beating Perth Glory 1-0 in the final , and in 2016 won their first ever A-League Grand Final , beating the Western Sydney Wanderers 3-1 with goals from Bruce Kamau , Isaías and Pablo Sanchez . In 2019 , Adelaide United became the first team to win three FFA Cup titles after defeating Melbourne City FC in the 2019 FFA Cup Final ." } ] }, { "value": "Seoul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seoul", "summary": "Seoul ( /soʊl/ , like soul ; Korean : 서울 [ sʌ.ul ] ( listen ) ; lit . Capital ) , officially the Seoul Special City , is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea . Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area . Ranked as an alpha world city , Seoul was the world 's 4th largest metropolitan economy with a GDP of US $ 635 billion in 2014 after Tokyo , New York City and Los Angeles . International visitors generally reach Seoul via AREX from the Incheon International Airport , notable for having been rated the best airport for nine consecutive years ( 2005-2013 ) by the Airports Council International . In 2015 , it was rated Asia 's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis , with the GDP per capita ( PPP ) in Seoul being around $ 40,000 . In 2017 , the cost of living in Seoul was ranked 6th globally . In 2018 , Seoul 's real estate market was ranked 5th in the world for the price of apartments in the downtown center. , Seoul was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea/Japan . With major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City , the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 Fortune Global 500 companies , including Samsung , LG , and Hyundai . Ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index , the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences . Seoul has hosted the 1986 Asian Games , 1988 Summer Olympics , 2002 FIFA World Cup , and more recently the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit . Seoul was the capital of various Korean kingdoms , including Baekje , Joseon , and the Korean Empire and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "FC Seoul ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Seoul", "summary": "FC Seoul ( Korean : FC 서울 ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Seoul , the capital of South Korea , that plays in the K League 1 . The club is owned by GS Sports , a subsidiary of GS Group . The club was officially founded as Lucky-Goldstar Football Club in 1983 , by the Lucky-Goldstar Group . FC Seoul have won six League titles , two FA Cups , two League Cups and one Super Cup . FC Seoul is one of the most successful and popular clubs in the K League 1 , with financial backing from the GS Group . In 2012 , FC Seoul was evaluated as the most valuable football brand in the K League ." } ] }, { "value": "Dubai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dubai", "summary": "Dubai ( /duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY ; Arabic : دبي Dubay , Gulf Arabic : Arabic pronunciation : [ dʊˈbɑj ] ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai . Located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf , Dubai aims to be the business hub of Western Asia . It is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo . Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city , which was already a major mercantile hub . Today , less than 5% of the emirate 's revenue comes from oil . A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century , Dubai 's economy relies on revenues from trade , tourism , aviation , real estate , and financial services ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shabab Al-Ahli ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shabab_Al-Ahli_Dubai_FC", "summary": "Shabab Al Ahli Club ( Arabic : نادي الأهلي ) is a United Arab Emirates professional association football club based in Dubai , that currently plays in the UAE Arabian Gulf League . Al Ahli is one of the most successful clubs in the UAE . Al Ahli Club was established in 1958 in Dubai . Is an Emirati club . and its president is Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum , and Vice President Sheikh Maktoum bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum , and the chairman of the club is Sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum , and deputy chairman is Sheikh Mansoor bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum . And Sheikh Mansoor bin Mohammed is also the head of Shabab Al Ahli Football Company . Al Ahli FC has won 7 league titles , a record of 9 UAE 's President Cup titles , 4 UAE super Cup titles , 4 UAE League Cup titles and 1 Emirati-Moroccan Super Cup , earning a total of 25 titles , making them the second most successful team in UAE . In the latest ranking by IFFHS , Shabab Al Ahli is the 7th best Asian club and ranked 110 in the world and 4th in Asia . In 2017 , the Dubai CSC and Al Shabab merged with Al Ahli FC making Shabab Al Ahli FC ." } ] }, { "value": "Tehran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tehran", "summary": "Tehran or Teheran ( /tɛəˈræn , -ˈrɑːn , ˌteɪə-/ ; Persian : تهران Ťehrân [ tehˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province . With a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran , Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia , and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East ( after Cairo ) . It is ranked 24th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area . In the Classical era , part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages , a prominent Median city . It was subject to destruction through the medieval Arab , Turkic , and Mongol invasions . Its modern-day inheritor remains as an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran . Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1786 , in order to remain within close reach of Iran 's territories in the Caucasus , before being separated from Iran as a result of the Russo-Iranian Wars , and to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties . The capital has been moved several times throughout history , and Tehran is the 32nd national capital of Iran . Large-scale demolition and rebuilding began in the 1920s , and Tehran has been a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran since the 20th century . Tehran is home to many historical collections , including the royal complexes of Golestan , Sa'dabad , and Niavaran , where the two last dynasties of the former Imperial State of Iran were seated . Tehran 's most famous landmarks include the Azadi Tower , a memorial built under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1971 to mark the 2,500th year of the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran , and the Milad Tower , the world 's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower which was completed in 2007 . The Tabiat Bridge , a newly built landmark , was completed in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Persepolis ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Persepolis_F.C.", "summary": "Persepolis Football Club ( Persian : باشگاه فوتبال پرسپولیس ) , is a Persian Gulf Pro League professional football club based in Tehran , Iran . Persepolis F.C . was founded in 1963 by Ali Abdo and has been in the first division of Iranian football since 1968 . Persepolis also had three teams in bowling , basketball and volleyball in its first years of establishment . Persepolis F.C . is the football club of the multisport Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club . The club is owned by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports . There have been many attempts to privatize the club with no success due to the large debt the club has accumulated . The club has played at its home ground , Azadi Stadium , since 1973 . They contest the Tehran derby , which is regarded as one of the biggest in Asia , with archrivals Esteghlal , a match that is always closely followed by Iranian football fans . According to the Asian Football Confederation , Persepolis is the most popular football club in Asia . At AFC Champions League , Persepolis has the records of the most attendances ( 11 matches among 20 matches with the most attendances ) and five matches with the most attendances ." } ] } ], "section_title": "General performances -- AFC Championes League era", "section_text": "", "uid": "Asian_Club_Championship_and_AFC_Champions_League_records_and_statistics_2", "intro": "This page details statistics of the Asian Club Championship and AFC Champions League." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference_Men's_Basketball_Player_of_the_Year", "title": "Atlantic 10 Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year", "header": [ "Season", "Player", "School", "Position", "Class" ], "data": [ { "value": "1976-77", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Norm Nixon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norm_Nixon", "summary": "Norman Ellard Nixon ( born October 11 , 1955 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who spent twelve seasons with the Los Angeles Lakers and the San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . A two-time NBA All-Star , he won two NBA championships with the Lakers over the Philadelphia 76ers at the onset of their Showtime era in the 1980s ." } ] }, { "value": "Duquesne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duquesne_Dukes_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Duquesne Dukes represent Duquesne University in college basketball . The team , which started in 1914 , has only ever played in NCAA Division I and has had five appearances in the NCAA Tournament . The Dukes play in the Atlantic 10 Conference , of which they have been members since 1976 ( minus the 1992-93 season in which the Dukes were single-season members of the Midwestern Collegiate Conference ) ." } ] }, { "value": "PG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Point_guard", "summary": "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1977-78", "urls": [] }, { "value": "James Bailey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Bailey_(basketball)", "summary": "James L. Bailey ( born May 21 , 1957 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . A 6 ' 9 ( 2.06 m ) forward/center from Rutgers University , he was selected with the 6th pick of the 1979 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics . Nicknamed Jammin ' James , he spent 9 seasons ( 1979-1988 ) in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , playing for the Sonics as well as the New Jersey Nets , Houston Rockets , New York Knicks , and Phoenix Suns . He ended his NBA career with 5,246 total points . While at Rutgers , Bailey was a formidable player , displaying a strong inside presence in addition to possessing great leaping ability . He was famous for his conversion of alley oop passes into slam dunks . The rule allowing dunking was re-instituted in college basketball beginning with the 1976-77 season , Bailey 's sophomore year . Bailey 's slam dunks were an immediate sensation at Rutgers , and Bailey led the team with 88 dunks as a sophomore . He increased this number to 116 as a junior . However , as a senior , he was met with constant double and triple teaming , and Rutgers ' opponents held him to 79 dunks as a senior . The Scarlet Knights advanced to the NCAA basketball Final Four in 1976 , Bailey 's freshman year , arriving with a 31-0 record . However , they were defeated by Michigan in the national semi finals , and then lost to UCLA in the 3rd place ( consolation ) game ." } ] }, { "value": "Rutgers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Rutgers Scarlet Knights men 's basketball team represents Rutgers University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition . Rutgers competes in the Big Ten Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "F / C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(basketball)", "summary": "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Center_(basketball)", "summary": "The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five ." } ] }, { "value": "Junior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1978-79", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1978–79_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", "summary": "The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season ." } ] }, { "value": "James Bailey ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Bailey_(basketball)", "summary": "James L. Bailey ( born May 21 , 1957 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . A 6 ' 9 ( 2.06 m ) forward/center from Rutgers University , he was selected with the 6th pick of the 1979 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics . Nicknamed Jammin ' James , he spent 9 seasons ( 1979-1988 ) in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , playing for the Sonics as well as the New Jersey Nets , Houston Rockets , New York Knicks , and Phoenix Suns . He ended his NBA career with 5,246 total points . While at Rutgers , Bailey was a formidable player , displaying a strong inside presence in addition to possessing great leaping ability . He was famous for his conversion of alley oop passes into slam dunks . The rule allowing dunking was re-instituted in college basketball beginning with the 1976-77 season , Bailey 's sophomore year . Bailey 's slam dunks were an immediate sensation at Rutgers , and Bailey led the team with 88 dunks as a sophomore . He increased this number to 116 as a junior . However , as a senior , he was met with constant double and triple teaming , and Rutgers ' opponents held him to 79 dunks as a senior . The Scarlet Knights advanced to the NCAA basketball Final Four in 1976 , Bailey 's freshman year , arriving with a 31-0 record . However , they were defeated by Michigan in the national semi finals , and then lost to UCLA in the 3rd place ( consolation ) game ." } ] }, { "value": "Rutgers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Rutgers Scarlet Knights men 's basketball team represents Rutgers University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition . Rutgers competes in the Big Ten Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "F / C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(basketball)", "summary": "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Center_(basketball)", "summary": "The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1979-80", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1979–80_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", "summary": "The 1979-80 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 17 , 1979 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1980 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 24 , 1980 , at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis . The Louisville Cardinals won their first NCAA national championship with a 59-54 victory over the UCLA Bruins ." } ] }, { "value": "Earl Belcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Earl_Belcher", "summary": "Earl V. Belcher Jr. ( born December 15 , 1958 ) is a retired American basketball player who is best known for his collegiate career at St. Bonaventure University between 1977-78 and 1980-81 . While playing for the Bonnies , Belcher scored 2,077 points , averaged 20 points per game for his career , and was twice named the Eastern 8 Men 's Basketball Player of the Year ( the Eastern 8 is now known as the Atlantic 10 Conference ) ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Bonaventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Bonaventure_Bonnies_men's_basketball", "summary": "The St. Bonaventure Bonnies men 's basketball ( formerly the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians ) team is the college basketball team that represents St. Bonaventure University in St. Bonaventure , New York , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Atlantic 10 Conference and plays its home games at the Reilly Center . The Bonnies are currently coached by all-time coaching wins leader Mark Schmidt , who during his 12th season surpassed former coach Larry Weise with his 203rd victory ." } ] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(basketball)", "summary": "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ." } ] }, { "value": "Junior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1980-81", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1980–81_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", "summary": "The 1980-81 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 28 , 1980 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1981 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 30 , 1981 , at The Spectrum in Philadelphia . The Indiana Hoosiers won their fourth NCAA national championship with a 63-50 victory over the North Carolina Tar Heels ." } ] }, { "value": "Earl Belcher ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Earl_Belcher", "summary": "Earl V. Belcher Jr. ( born December 15 , 1958 ) is a retired American basketball player who is best known for his collegiate career at St. Bonaventure University between 1977-78 and 1980-81 . While playing for the Bonnies , Belcher scored 2,077 points , averaged 20 points per game for his career , and was twice named the Eastern 8 Men 's Basketball Player of the Year ( the Eastern 8 is now known as the Atlantic 10 Conference ) ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Bonaventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Bonaventure_Bonnies_men's_basketball", "summary": "The St. Bonaventure Bonnies men 's basketball ( formerly the St. Bonaventure Brown Indians ) team is the college basketball team that represents St. Bonaventure University in St. Bonaventure , New York , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Atlantic 10 Conference and plays its home games at the Reilly Center . The Bonnies are currently coached by all-time coaching wins leader Mark Schmidt , who during his 12th season surpassed former coach Larry Weise with his 203rd victory ." } ] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(basketball)", "summary": "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1981-82", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1981–82_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", "summary": "The 1981-82 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 27 , 1981 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1982 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 29 , 1982 , at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The North Carolina Tar Heels won their second NCAA national championship with a 63-62 victory over the Georgetown Hoyas ." } ] }, { "value": "Greg Jones", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greg_Jones_(basketball)", "summary": "Gregory Jones ( born March 3 , 1961 ) is an American retired basketball player . He was an All-American player at West Virginia University and later Rookie of the Year in the Continental Basketball Association ( CBA ) ." } ] }, { "value": "West Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Virginia_Mountaineers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The West Virginia Mountaineers men 's basketball team represents West Virginia University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition . They are a member of the Big 12 Conference . WVU has won 13 conference tournament championships , and has 29 appearances in the NCAA Tournament , including two Final Fours , most recently in 2010 . The Mountaineers have also appeared in 16 National Invitation Tournaments , and have won two championships , in 1942 and 2007 . They are led by former Mountaineer player , Bob Huggins , who has been head coach since 2007 . WVU plays their home games at the WVU Coliseum , their home venue since 1970 ." } ] }, { "value": "PG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Point_guard", "summary": "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ." } ] }, { "value": "Junior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1982-83", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Roy Hinson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roy_Hinson", "summary": "Roy Hinson ( born May 2 , 1961 ) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the first round ( 20th pick overall ) of the 1983 NBA draft . Hinson attended Franklin High School in Franklin Township , New Jersey . He then played his college career at Rutgers University in nearby New Brunswick . A 6 ' 9 forward-center , Hinson played in eight NBA seasons from 1983 to 1991 , for the Cavaliers , Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets . Hinson 's best year as a professional came during the 1985-86 season as a member of the Cavaliers , appearing in 82 games and averaging 19.6 points per game . He also participated in the 1986 NBA Slam Dunk Contest , finishing seventh out of eight contestants . In his NBA career , Hinson played in 507 games and scored a total of 7,206 points . After his successful 1986 season he was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers for the Number 1 overall pick in the 1986 draft which became Brad Daugherty . He was never again able to reach the same height he had in Cleveland , later going to the Nets and then retiring ." } ] }, { "value": "Rutgers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Rutgers Scarlet Knights men 's basketball team represents Rutgers University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition . Rutgers competes in the Big Ten Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Center_(basketball)", "summary": "The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1982-83", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Greg Jones ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greg_Jones_(basketball)", "summary": "Gregory Jones ( born March 3 , 1961 ) is an American retired basketball player . He was an All-American player at West Virginia University and later Rookie of the Year in the Continental Basketball Association ( CBA ) ." } ] }, { "value": "West Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Virginia_Mountaineers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The West Virginia Mountaineers men 's basketball team represents West Virginia University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition . They are a member of the Big 12 Conference . WVU has won 13 conference tournament championships , and has 29 appearances in the NCAA Tournament , including two Final Fours , most recently in 2010 . The Mountaineers have also appeared in 16 National Invitation Tournaments , and have won two championships , in 1942 and 2007 . They are led by former Mountaineer player , Bob Huggins , who has been head coach since 2007 . WVU plays their home games at the WVU Coliseum , their home venue since 1970 ." } ] }, { "value": "PG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Point_guard", "summary": "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1983-84", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Terence Stansbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Terence_Stansbury", "summary": "Terence Stansbury ( born February 27 , 1961 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and coach . At a height of 1.96 m ( 6 ' 5 ) tall , he played at the shooting guard position ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Owls_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Temple Owls men 's basketball team represents Temple University in the sport of basketball . The Owls compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . They play their home games in the Liacouras Center on the university 's main campus in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and are currently led by head coach Aaron Mckie . Temple is the fifth-most winningest NCAA Division I men 's college basketball program of all time , with 1903 wins at the end of the 2017-18 season . On March 7 , 2012 , the Temple Owls announced that they would be rejoining the Big East Conference for all sports in 2013 after 31 years in the Atlantic 10 Conference , with the Owls football team membership beginning in the 2012 season . However , before Temple became an all-sports member of the Big East , the conference split along football lines . The league 's non-FBS football schools formed a new Big East in 2013 , while Temple and the remaining football members remained in the old conference , but renamed it the American Athletic Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "SG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_guard", "summary": "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984-85", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Granger Hall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Granger_Hall_(basketball)", "summary": "Granger Errol Hall ( born June 18 , 1962 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . A standout college basketball player at Temple University , Hall also played in Spain 's Liga ACB for 13 years , for a variety of clubs , and retired as that league 's all-time leading rebounder ( currently # 2 overall ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Owls_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Temple Owls men 's basketball team represents Temple University in the sport of basketball . The Owls compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . They play their home games in the Liacouras Center on the university 's main campus in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and are currently led by head coach Aaron Mckie . Temple is the fifth-most winningest NCAA Division I men 's college basketball program of all time , with 1903 wins at the end of the 2017-18 season . On March 7 , 2012 , the Temple Owls announced that they would be rejoining the Big East Conference for all sports in 2013 after 31 years in the Atlantic 10 Conference , with the Owls football team membership beginning in the 2012 season . However , before Temple became an all-sports member of the Big East , the conference split along football lines . The league 's non-FBS football schools formed a new Big East in 2013 , while Temple and the remaining football members remained in the old conference , but renamed it the American Athletic Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Center_(basketball)", "summary": "The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1985-86", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maurice Martin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maurice_Martin", "summary": "Maurice Mo Martin ( born July 2 , 1964 ) is a retired American basketball player . He played at Saint Joseph 's University from 1982 to 1986 and was an Associated Press honorable mention All-American in his senior year . The 1986 Atlantic 10 Player of the Year , he was a three-time selection to both the All-Conference team and the All-Big 5 squad . He is one of five Saint Joseph 's Hawks to be chosen in the first round of the NBA Draft ( drafted by the Denver Nuggets , taken 16th overall ) 1986 NBA Draft . Martin played two seasons in the NBA , averaging 3.0 points per game in 69 games for the Nuggets . Martin was then selected by the Minnesota Timberwolves in the Expansion Draft , but never played for the team , and ended up retiring completely from the NBA at the age of just 24 . He is still the only player from Sullivan County , NY to ever play in the NBA ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint Joseph 's", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Joseph's_Hawks_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Saint Joseph 's Hawks men 's basketball team represents Saint Joseph 's University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The program is classified in the NCAA 's Division I , and the team competes in the Atlantic 10 Conference . Saint Joseph 's competes as well as part of the Philadelphia Big 5 . Their home court is the Hagan Arena . The team is coached by Billy Lange , who was hired on March 28 , 2019 , after Phil Martelli was fired as head coach on March 19 , 2019 , after 24 seasons . Through the years they have produced a number of NBA players . Saint Joseph 's primary rivalry is with the Villanova Wildcats . Other rivals include the Temple Owls , the La Salle Explorers , the Penn Quakers , who make up the rest of the Big 5 . Saint Joseph 's basketball program was ranked 43rd best of all-time by Smith & Street 's magazine in 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "SF / SG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Small_forward", "summary": "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_guard", "summary": "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1986-87", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nate Blackwell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nate_Blackwell", "summary": "Nathaniel Nate Blackwell ( born February 15 , 1965 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He was a 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) and 170 lb ( 77 kg ) guard who played collegiately for the Temple University . He was selected by the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association in the 2nd round ( 27th pick overall ) of the 1987 NBA Draft . He played for the Spurs for 10 games in 1987-88 ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Owls_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Temple Owls men 's basketball team represents Temple University in the sport of basketball . The Owls compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . They play their home games in the Liacouras Center on the university 's main campus in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and are currently led by head coach Aaron Mckie . Temple is the fifth-most winningest NCAA Division I men 's college basketball program of all time , with 1903 wins at the end of the 2017-18 season . On March 7 , 2012 , the Temple Owls announced that they would be rejoining the Big East Conference for all sports in 2013 after 31 years in the Atlantic 10 Conference , with the Owls football team membership beginning in the 2012 season . However , before Temple became an all-sports member of the Big East , the conference split along football lines . The league 's non-FBS football schools formed a new Big East in 2013 , while Temple and the remaining football members remained in the old conference , but renamed it the American Athletic Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "G", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guard_(basketball)", "summary": "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1987-88", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tim Perry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tim_Perry", "summary": "Timothy D. Perry ( born June 4 , 1965 ) is an American professional basketball player , formerly in the NBA . Following a college career at Temple University , Perry was selected seventh overall by the Phoenix Suns in the 1988 NBA Draft . Through eight NBA seasons , he averaged 6.8 points and 4 rebounds per game . Charles Barkley claims in Sir Charles : The Wit and Wisdom of Charles Barkley that the Suns had to trade Perry to Philadelphia in 1992 because he was # 34 , Barkley 's number . Perry appeared in three NBA Slam Dunk Contests , finishing 5th in 1989 , 7th in 1993 , and 5th in 1995 . Perry later became an assistant coach for Holy Family University , Pennsylvania of the Central Atlantic Collegiate Conference in NCAA Division II . In 2011 , he received a degree in liberal studies from Neumann University . On the October 25 , 2017 broadcast of NBA Gametime on the NBA Channel , Dr. Shaquille O'Neal claimed that he had been dunked on only three times in his 20-year NBA career . Shaq said he had been dunked on by Michael Jordan , Derrick Coleman , and Tim Perry ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Owls_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Temple Owls men 's basketball team represents Temple University in the sport of basketball . The Owls compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . They play their home games in the Liacouras Center on the university 's main campus in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and are currently led by head coach Aaron Mckie . Temple is the fifth-most winningest NCAA Division I men 's college basketball program of all time , with 1903 wins at the end of the 2017-18 season . On March 7 , 2012 , the Temple Owls announced that they would be rejoining the Big East Conference for all sports in 2013 after 31 years in the Atlantic 10 Conference , with the Owls football team membership beginning in the 2012 season . However , before Temple became an all-sports member of the Big East , the conference split along football lines . The league 's non-FBS football schools formed a new Big East in 2013 , while Temple and the remaining football members remained in the old conference , but renamed it the American Athletic Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "PF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)", "summary": "The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1988-89", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Macon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Macon", "summary": "Mark L. Macon ( born April 14 , 1969 ) is an American basketball coach and former professional player . He is the former head coach of Binghamton University and a current staff member at his alma mater , Temple University ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Owls_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Temple Owls men 's basketball team represents Temple University in the sport of basketball . The Owls compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . They play their home games in the Liacouras Center on the university 's main campus in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and are currently led by head coach Aaron Mckie . Temple is the fifth-most winningest NCAA Division I men 's college basketball program of all time , with 1903 wins at the end of the 2017-18 season . On March 7 , 2012 , the Temple Owls announced that they would be rejoining the Big East Conference for all sports in 2013 after 31 years in the Atlantic 10 Conference , with the Owls football team membership beginning in the 2012 season . However , before Temple became an all-sports member of the Big East , the conference split along football lines . The league 's non-FBS football schools formed a new Big East in 2013 , while Temple and the remaining football members remained in the old conference , but renamed it the American Athletic Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "SG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_guard", "summary": "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ." } ] }, { "value": "Sophomore", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1989-90", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenny Green", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenny_Green_(basketball,_born_1967)", "summary": "Kenneth Anthony Green ( born October 13 , 1967 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . At a height of 6 ft 8 in ( 2.03 m ) , he played at the power forward and center positions" } ] }, { "value": "Rhode Island", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rhode_Island_Rams_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Rhode Island Rams men 's basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and the Atlantic 10 Conference representing the University of Rhode Island . The team is under the direction of head coach David Cox who was formerly Assistant Coach to Dan Hurley for four years at Rhode Island until March 22 , 2018 when Hurley departed for another college head coaching position . The Rams play their home games at the Ryan Center ( capacity 7,657 ) which opened in 2002 ." } ] }, { "value": "C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Center_(basketball)", "summary": "The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1990-91", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Keith Hughes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keith_Hughes_(basketball)", "summary": "For other people of the same name , please see Keith Hughes ." } ] }, { "value": "Rutgers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Rutgers Scarlet Knights men 's basketball team represents Rutgers University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition . Rutgers competes in the Big Ten Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "PF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)", "summary": "The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991-92", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Harper Williams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Harper_Williams", "summary": "Harper Terry Williams ( born May 25 , 1971 ) is a retired American basketball player and a current administrative assistant on the Auburn Tigers coaching staff . He played professionally for 17 years , including ten in Spain 's Liga ACB ." } ] }, { "value": "UMass", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UMass_Minutemen_basketball", "summary": "The UMass Minutemen basketball team represents the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I men 's college basketball . They play their home games in the William D. Mullins Memorial Center . The Minutemen currently compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "PF / C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)", "summary": "The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Center_(basketball)", "summary": "The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five ." } ] }, { "value": "Junior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1992-93", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aaron McKie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aaron_McKie", "summary": "Aaron Fitzgerald McKie ( born October 2 , 1972 ) is an American basketball coach and former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He is currently the head coach for his alma mater Temple University . Selected by the Portland Trail Blazers 17th overall in the 1994 NBA Draft , McKie spent time as a point guard , shooting guard or small forward throughout his professional playing career from 1994 to 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Owls_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Temple Owls men 's basketball team represents Temple University in the sport of basketball . The Owls compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . They play their home games in the Liacouras Center on the university 's main campus in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and are currently led by head coach Aaron Mckie . Temple is the fifth-most winningest NCAA Division I men 's college basketball program of all time , with 1903 wins at the end of the 2017-18 season . On March 7 , 2012 , the Temple Owls announced that they would be rejoining the Big East Conference for all sports in 2013 after 31 years in the Atlantic 10 Conference , with the Owls football team membership beginning in the 2012 season . However , before Temple became an all-sports member of the Big East , the conference split along football lines . The league 's non-FBS football schools formed a new Big East in 2013 , while Temple and the remaining football members remained in the old conference , but renamed it the American Athletic Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "PG / SG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Point_guard", "summary": "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_guard", "summary": "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ." } ] }, { "value": "Junior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1993-94", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eddie Jones", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eddie_Jones_(basketball)", "summary": "Eddie Charles Jones ( born October 20 , 1971 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who played for 5 teams in his 14-year National Basketball Association ( NBA ) career . Jones played college basketball at Temple University and was the 1993-94 Atlantic 10 Player of the Year and led the Owls to the Elite 8 in the NCAA Tournament . The three-time NBA All-Star was selected 10th overall in the 1994 NBA draft by the Los Angeles Lakers ." } ] }, { "value": "Temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_Owls_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Temple Owls men 's basketball team represents Temple University in the sport of basketball . The Owls compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . They play their home games in the Liacouras Center on the university 's main campus in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and are currently led by head coach Aaron Mckie . Temple is the fifth-most winningest NCAA Division I men 's college basketball program of all time , with 1903 wins at the end of the 2017-18 season . On March 7 , 2012 , the Temple Owls announced that they would be rejoining the Big East Conference for all sports in 2013 after 31 years in the Atlantic 10 Conference , with the Owls football team membership beginning in the 2012 season . However , before Temple became an all-sports member of the Big East , the conference split along football lines . The league 's non-FBS football schools formed a new Big East in 2013 , while Temple and the remaining football members remained in the old conference , but renamed it the American Athletic Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "SG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_guard", "summary": "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1994-95", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lou Roe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lou_Roe", "summary": "Louis Marquel Roe ( born July 14 , 1972 ) is an American former professional basketball player ." } ] }, { "value": "UMass", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UMass_Minutemen_basketball", "summary": "The UMass Minutemen basketball team represents the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I men 's college basketball . They play their home games in the William D. Mullins Memorial Center . The Minutemen currently compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "F", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(basketball)", "summary": "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Winners", "section_text": "Harper Williams was the 1992 player of the year . Marcus Camby won in 1996 while at UMass . At Temple , Juan `` Pepe '' Sánchez won the award in 2000 . Jameer Nelson ( left ) won in 2004 while at Saint Joseph 's .", "uid": "Atlantic_10_Conference_Men's_Basketball_Player_of_the_Year_0", "intro": "The Atlantic 10 Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year is a basketball award given to the Atlantic 10 Conference's (A-10) most outstanding player. The award was first given following the conference's inaugural 1976-77 season, when the conference was officially known as the Eastern Collegiate Basketball League but popularly known as the Eastern 8. David West of Xavier is the only player to have won the award three times (2001-03). Four other players - James Bailey, Earl Belcher, Greg Jones and Steven Smith - have won the award twice. Two players - Marcus Camby (1996) and Jameer Nelson (2004) - have also won the award in the same season that they were named the Naismith College Player of the Year or received the John R. Wooden Award, the nation's two most prestigious men's college basketball awards. As of 2018, Temple has the most all-time winners with ten, but the Owls left for the American Athletic Conference in July 2013. Among schools remaining in the conference beyond 2013, Saint Joseph's and UMass have the most winners, with five each. There have been three ties in the award's history (1983, 2005, 2018). Four current member schools have had no winners - Dayton, Fordham, George Mason, and VCU. However, of these schools, only Dayton and Fordham were A-10 members before 2012." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_Sites_and_Pilgrimage_Routes_in_the_Kii_Mountain_Range", "title": "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range", "header": [ "Area", "Cultural asset", "Type", "Location" ], "data": [ { "value": "Yoshino and Ōmine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mount Yoshino ( 吉野山 , Yoshino-yama )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mount_Yoshino", "summary": "Yoshino Mountain ( 吉野山 , Yoshino-yama ) is a mountain located in the town of Yoshino in Yoshino District , Nara Prefecture , Japan . In 2004 it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range . Yoshino Mountain was the subject of a waka poem in the 10th century poetry compilation Kokin Wakashū . It is also the subject of several poems in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu . Several important religious and pilgrimage destinations are located around Mount Yoshino , including Yoshino Mikumari Shrine , Kimpu Shrine and Kimpusen-ji . It is well known for its cherry blossoms and attracts many visitors every spring . Yoshino Mountain is famous for its many thousands of sakura trees , and is heavily referenced in both traditional waka poetry and folk song for its abundance of flowers in the spring , with famous poets such as Chiyo offering prose on the peak and its many flowers . These flowering specimen trees were planted in four groves at different altitudes , in part so that the famed trees would come into bloom at different times of the spring . A 1714 account explained that , on their climb to the top , travelers would be able to enjoy the lower 1,000 cherry trees at the base , the middle 1,000 on the way , the upper 1,000 toward the top , and the 1,000 in the precincts of the inner shrine at the top . Famous products that can be found in shops in the area of Mount Yoshino include edible goods made from kudzu root and persimmon leaf-wrapped sushi ( kakinoha-zushi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "nature Mountain", "urls": [] }, { "value": "nara yoshino yoshino Yoshino-chō , Yoshino-gun , Nara-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yoshino,_Nara", "summary": "The town of Yoshino is located in the northern portion of Yoshino District . Most of the area is mountainous , but the section along the Yoshino River is somewhat flatter and contains most of the town 's roads , train tracks and houses ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yoshino_District", "summary": "Yoshino ( 吉野郡 , Yoshino-gun ) is a district located in Nara Prefecture , Japan . In 2003 , the district had an estimated population of 59,020 and a density of 26.14 persons per km² . The total area is 2,257.79 km² . On September 25 , 2005 the villages of Ōtō and Nishiyoshino merged into the city of Gojō ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nara_Prefecture", "summary": "Nara Prefecture ( 奈良県 , Nara-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,348,930 ( 1 September 2017 ) and has a geographic area of 3,691 km² ( 1,425 sq mi ) . Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north , Osaka Prefecture to the northwest , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Mie Prefecture to the east . Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture , with other major cities including Kashihara , Ikoma , and Yamatokōriyama . Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast , and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures . Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "Yoshino and Ōmine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoshino Mikumari Shrine ( 吉野水分神社 , Yoshino-mikumari-jinja )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yoshino_Mikumari_Shrine", "summary": "Yoshino Mikumari Shrine ( 吉野水分神社 , Yoshino Mikumari-jinja ) is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Yoshino in Yoshino district , Nara , Japan . It is closely associated with Emperor Go-Daigo . The Shrine is dedicated to mikumari [ Wikidata ] , a female Shinto kami associated with water , fertility and safe birth . Yoshino Mikumari Shrine is one of four important mikumari shrines in the former province Yamato . The shrine also houses six kami that are more or less related to mikumari ( Takami-musubi-no-kami , Sukuna-hiko-no-kami , Mikogami , Ama-tsu-hiko-hi-no-ninigi-no-mikoto ] , Tamayori-hime-no-mikoto , and Yorozu-hata-toyo-akitsushi-hime-no-mikoto ) . A wooden statue of the deity Tamayori hime is registered as a National Treasure of Japan . The present-day buildings go back to 1605 , when Toyotomi Hideyori rebuilt the shrine , as his father Toyotomi Hideyoshi once had prayed here for a son and successor . The main hall ( honden ) , an Important Cultural Property，is an unusual structure 9 ken long and 2 ken wide . Built in the nagare-zukuri style , it has however an independent 1x1 ken unit in the kasuga-zukuri style at the center . The three resulting edifices all lie under the same bark roof , which has three dormer gables . In 2004 , it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shinto_shrine", "summary": "A Shinto shrine ( 神社 , jinja , archaic : shinsha , meaning : place of the god ( s ) ) is a structure whose main purpose is to house ( enshrine ) one or more kami . Its most important building is used for the safekeeping of sacred objects , and not for worship . Although only one word ( shrine ) is used in English , in Japanese , Shinto shrines may carry any one of many different , non-equivalent names like gongen , -gū , jinja , jingū , mori , myōjin , -sha , taisha , ubusuna , or yashiro . ( For details , see the section Interpreting shrine names . ) Structurally , a Shinto shrine is usually characterized by the presence of a honden [ note 1 ] or sanctuary , where the kami is enshrined . The honden may however be completely absent , as for example when the shrine stands on a sacred mountain to which it is dedicated , and which is worshipped directly . The honden may also be missing when there are nearby altar-like structures called himorogi or objects believed to be capable of attracting spirits called yorishiro that can serve as a direct bond to a kami . There may be a haiden ( 拝殿 , meaning : hall of worship ) and other structures as well ( see below ) . However , a shrine 's most important building is used for the safekeeping of sacred objects rather than for worship . Miniature shrines ( hokora ) can occasionally be found on roadsides . Large shrines sometimes have on their precincts miniature shrines , sessha ( 摂社 ) or massha ( 末社 ) . [ note 2 ] The portable shrines ( mikoshi ) which are carried on poles during festivals ( matsuri ) enshrine kami and are therefore true shrines ." } ] }, { "value": "nara yoshino yoshino Yoshino-chō , Yoshino-gun , Nara-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoshino and Ōmine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kimpu Shrine ( 金峯神社 , Kimpu-jinja )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimpu_Shrine_(Yoshino)", "summary": "Kinpu Shrine ( 金峯神社 , Kinpu-jinja ) is a Shinto shrine located in Yoshino district , Nara Prefecture , Japan . The honden , or main hall , is constructed in the nagare-zukuri style . In 2004 , it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "nara yoshino yoshino Yoshino-chō , Yoshino-gun , Nara-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoshino and Ōmine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kimpusen-ji ( 金峯山寺 , Kimpusen-ji )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimpusen-ji", "summary": "Kinpusen-ji ( 金峯山寺 , Kinpusen-ji ) is the head temple of a branch of the Shugendō religion called Kinpusen-Shugendō in Yoshino district , Nara Prefecture , Japan . According to tradition , it was founded by En no Gyōja , who propagated a form of mountain asceticism drawing from Shinto and Buddhist beliefs . The temple 's main building , the Zaō-Hall ( Zaōdō ) dedicated to Zaō gongen ( 蔵王権現 ) , is the second largest wooden structure in Japan after the Great Buddha Hall at Tōdai-ji in Nara . Kinpusen-ji is a junction in a series of stops on pilgrimage routes . A Shinto shrine dedicated to Inari Ōkami is attached to the main compound . In 1963 , the Temple constructed a hall named Southern Court Mystic Law Hall ( Nanchō Myōhōden ) to appease the soul of the four emperors of the Southern Court and others who lost their lives in many battles since the Northern and Southern Courts period ( Nanboku-chō period , 1336-1392 ) . The principal image is the statue of Gautama Buddha ( Shaka Nyōrai ) . In 2004 , it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "temple shugendo buddhist Shugendō / Buddhist temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shugendō", "summary": "Shugendō ( 修験道 , literally the way of shugen , or gen-practice ) is a highly syncretic religion that originated in Heian Japan . Practitioners are called Shugenja ( 修験者 ) or Yamabushi ( 山伏 , literally mountain prostrate ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Japan", "summary": "Buddhist temples , or Buddhist monasteries together with Shinto shrines , are considered to be amongst the most numerous , famous , and important religious buildings in Japan . [ note 1 ] The shogunates or leaders of Japan have made it a priority to update and rebuild Buddhist temples since the Momoyama period.The Japanese word for a Buddhist temple is tera ( 寺 ) ( kun reading ) , and the same kanji also has the pronunciation ji ( on reading ) , so that temple names frequently end in -dera or -ji . Another ending , -in ( 院 ) , is normally used to refer to minor temples . Such famous temples as Kiyomizu-dera , Enryaku-ji , and Kōtoku-in are temples which use the described naming pattern ." } ] }, { "value": "nara yoshino yoshino Yoshino-chō , Yoshino-gun , Nara-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoshino and Ōmine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoshimizu Shrine ( 吉水神社 , Yoshimizu-jinja )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yoshimizu_Shrine", "summary": "Yoshimizu Shrine ( 吉水神社 , Yoshimizu-jinja ) is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Yoshino in Yoshino district , Nara , Japan . It is dedicated to Emperor Go-Daigo , and the samurai Kusunoki Masashige . In 2004 , it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range . In 2014 the temple was embroiled in a scandal when it was discovered that head priest Satō Kazuhiko 's private blog contained extreme hate speech towards Chinese and Koreans , in addition to him being the head of a local right-wing extremist group ." } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "nara yoshino yoshino Yoshino-chō , Yoshino-gun , Nara-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoshino and Ōmine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ōminesan-ji ( 大峯山寺 , Ōminesan-ji )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ōminesan-ji", "summary": "Ōminesan-ji ( 大峯山寺 , Ōminesan-ji ) is an important temple of the Shugendō religion in Yoshino district , Nara prefecture , Japan . It is located at the peak of Mount Ōmine , or Sanjōgatake . According to tradition , it was founded by En no Ozunu , the founder of Shugendō , a form of mountain asceticism drawing from Buddhist and Shinto beliefs . The sanctuary around the Sanjōgatake peak ( 山上ヶ岳 ) has long been considered sacred in Shugendō , and women are not allowed in the area beyond four gates on the route to the peak . On the neighboring Inamuragatake peak ( 稲村ヶ岳 ) , altitude 1,726 m , it has been opened as a place of training for female believers since 1959 , thus called Women 's Ōmine ( 女人大峯 , Nyonin Ōmine ) . In 2004 , Ōminesan-ji was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "temple shugendo Shugendō temple", "urls": [] }, { "value": "nara yoshino tenkawa Tenkawa-mura , Yoshino-gun , Nara-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tenkawa,_Nara", "summary": "Tenkawa ( 天川村 , Tenkawa-mura ) is a village located in Yoshino District , Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of October 2016 , the village has an estimated population of 1,310 and a density of 7.5 persons per km2 . The total area is 175.70 km2 ." } ] }, { "value": "Kumano Sanzan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan", "summary": "A Kumano shrine ( 熊野神社 , Kumano Jinja ) is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains : Hongū , Shingū , and Nachi ( Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) ) . There are more than 3000 Kumano shrines in Japan , and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei ( 分霊 ) or kanjō ( 勧請 ) . The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex of Wakayama Prefecture , which includes Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) ( Shingū , Wakayama ) , Kumano Hongū Taisha ( Tanabe , Wakayama ) and Kumano Nachi Taisha ( Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Kumano Hongū Taisha ( 熊野本宮大社 , Kumano Hongū Taisha )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Hongū_Taisha", "summary": "Kumano Hongū Taisha ( 熊野本宮大社 ) is a Shinto shrine located in Tanabe , Wakayama , deep in the rugged mountains of the Kii Peninsula of Japan . It is included as part of the Kumano Sanzan in the World Heritage site Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range . The main deity enshrined is Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) . All of the ancient Kumano Kodō routes lead to the Grand Shrine . It was originally located at present Ōyunohara ( 大斎原 ) , on a sandbank at the confluence of the Kumano River and Otonashi River . In 1889 , it was partially destroyed in a flood and the remaining shrine buildings were relocated at its present site in 1891 . Of the original five main pavilions only three were rebuilt . Four deities were moved there and the other eight are still enshrined there in two stone monuments ." } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama tanabe Tanabe-shi , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tanabe,_Wakayama", "summary": "Tanabe ( 田辺市 , Tanabe-shi ) is the second biggest city located in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on May 20 , 1942 . As of 1 October 2019 ( after consolidating the old Tanabe City with several smaller villages including Hongū , Ryūjin , Nakahechi and Ōtō ) , the city had an estimated population of 70,410 and a population density of 68.6 persons per km² . The total area is 1,026.91 km² . Tanabe is on the coast and surrounded by mountains . Tanabe is the point at which the Kumano Kodō ( 熊野古道 ) ancient pilgrimage road turns inland from the coast . There is a district with many bars in front of JR Kii-Tanabe ( 紀伊田辺 ) train station . There is a bridge to a nearby island called Motoshima . Kashima Island , off the coast of Tanabe , is closed to the general public . Fishing is a major industry , particularly small minnow-like fish called shirasu . Citrus fruits and umeboshi ( pickled ume fruit ) are also important to the local economy . A major attraction is Ogigahama beach , which has recently been expanded ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture", "summary": "Wakayama Prefecture ( 和歌山県 , Wakayama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region , located on the southernmost point of Honshū island . The capital is the city of Wakayama ." } ] }, { "value": "Kumano Sanzan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan", "summary": "A Kumano shrine ( 熊野神社 , Kumano Jinja ) is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains : Hongū , Shingū , and Nachi ( Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) ) . There are more than 3000 Kumano shrines in Japan , and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei ( 分霊 ) or kanjō ( 勧請 ) . The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex of Wakayama Prefecture , which includes Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) ( Shingū , Wakayama ) , Kumano Hongū Taisha ( Tanabe , Wakayama ) and Kumano Nachi Taisha ( Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 , Kumano Hayatama Taisha )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Hayatama_Taisha", "summary": "Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) is a Shinto shrine located in Shingu , Wakayama Prefecture , on the shores of the Kumanogawa in the Kii Peninsula of Japan . It is included as part of the Kumano Sanzan in the UNESCO World Heritage site Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range . The three Kumano Sanzan shrines are the Sōhonsha ( head shrines ) of all Kumano shrines , lie at between 20 and 40 km of distance one from the other and are connected by the pilgrimage route known as Kumano Sankeimichi ( 熊野参詣道 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama mie Shingū-shi , Wakayama-ken ; Kiho-chō , Minamimuro-gun , Mie-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shingū,_Wakayama", "summary": "Shingū ( 新宮市 , Shingū-shi ) is a city located in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on October 1 , 1933 . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 28,749 and a population density of 110 persons per km² . The total area is 255.43 km2 ( 98.62 sq mi ) . Shingū literally means 'New Shrine ' and refers to Hayatama Shrine , one of the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano ( See ) . The 'old shrine ' would be Kamikura Shrine . Shingū is the central commercial city of the Kumano Region in Japan where Shingū Station is situated , and is one of the largest cities in Wakayama Prefecture . It is a sister city to Santa Cruz , California . Each Spring , The City of Santa Cruz sends about 14 middle school/ high school delegates to visit Shingū and to interact with the Japanese society . On October 1 , 2005 the town of Kumanogawa ( from Higashimuro District ) , an exclave between Nara and Mie prefectures , was merged with Shingū ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kihō,_Mie", "summary": "Kihō ( 紀宝町 , Kihō-chō ) is a town located in Mie Prefecture , Japan . As of September 2012 , the town had an estimated population of 11,454 and a population density of 144 persons per km2 . The total area was 79.66 km2 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Minamimuro_District,_Mie", "summary": "Japan - Mie Prefecture - Minamimuro District" }, { "url": "/wiki/Mie_Prefecture", "summary": "Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine ." } ] }, { "value": "Kumano Sanzan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan", "summary": "A Kumano shrine ( 熊野神社 , Kumano Jinja ) is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains : Hongū , Shingū , and Nachi ( Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) ) . There are more than 3000 Kumano shrines in Japan , and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei ( 分霊 ) or kanjō ( 勧請 ) . The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex of Wakayama Prefecture , which includes Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) ( Shingū , Wakayama ) , Kumano Hongū Taisha ( Tanabe , Wakayama ) and Kumano Nachi Taisha ( Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Kumano Nachi Taisha ( 熊野那智大社 , Kumano Nachi Taisha )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Nachi_Taisha", "summary": "Kumano Nachi Taisha ( 熊野那智大社 ) is a Shinto shrine and part of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range of Japan . The Kumano Kodō route connects it to other sites under the same classification , which are primarily located in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . The four sites on the route , classified as pilgrimage destinations and World Heritage Sites , are : 1 ) Nachi Taisha ; 2 ) Hongū Taisha ; 3 ) Hayatama Taisha ; 4 ) Koya-san . Kumano Nachi Taisha is also one of the three sacred Kumano Sanzan shrines :" } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama higashimuro nachikatsuura Nachikatsuura-chō , Higashimuro-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nachikatsuura,_Wakayama", "summary": "Nachikatsuura ( 那智勝浦町 , Nachikatsuura-chō ) is a town located in Higashimuro District , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . As of February 1 , 2012 , the town has an estimated population of 17,261 , with 8,359 households , and a density of 94.09 persons per km² . The total area is 183.45 km² . Created in 1955 from four towns : Nachi , Katsuura , Ukuimura and Wakamura , by 1960 the municipality expanded to include Shimosato farther south and Otamura inland up the Ota River . The Kumano Nachi Taisha , one of the three Kumano Shrines , is in Nachi Katsuura . These shrines form part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range UNESCO World Heritage Site ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Higashimuro_District,_Wakayama", "summary": "Higashimuro ( 東牟婁郡 , Higashimuro-gun ) is a district located in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . As of September 1 , 2008 , the district has an estimated population of 43,306 and a density of 64.8 persons/km² . The total area is 667.92 km² ." } ] }, { "value": "Kumano Sanzan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan", "summary": "A Kumano shrine ( 熊野神社 , Kumano Jinja ) is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains : Hongū , Shingū , and Nachi ( Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) ) . There are more than 3000 Kumano shrines in Japan , and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei ( 分霊 ) or kanjō ( 勧請 ) . The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex of Wakayama Prefecture , which includes Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) ( Shingū , Wakayama ) , Kumano Hongū Taisha ( Tanabe , Wakayama ) and Kumano Nachi Taisha ( Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Seiganto-ji ( 青岸渡寺 , Seiganto-ji )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seiganto-ji", "summary": "Seiganto-ji ( 青岸渡寺 ) , Temple of Crossing the Blue Shore , is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . In 2004 , it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other locations , under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range . According to a legend , it was founded by the priest Ragyō Shōnin , a monk from India . The temple was purposely built near Nachi Falls , where it may have previously been a site of nature worship . Seiganto-ji is part of the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex , and as such can be considered one of the few jingū-ji ( shrine temples , see article Shinbutsu shūgō ) still in existence after the forcible separation of Shinto and Buddhism operated by the Japanese government during the Meiji restoration . It is Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage 's No.1 ( first stop ) and an Important Cultural Properties of Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "temple tendai Tendai Buddhist temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tendai", "summary": "Tendai ( 天台宗 , Tendai-shū ) is a Mahayana Buddhist school established in Japan in the year 806 by the monk named Saichō , posthumously known as Dengyō Daishi . The Tendai school rose to prominence during the Heian period ( 794-1185 ) , gradually eclipsing the powerful Yogācāra school ( Hossō-shū ) and competing with the upcoming Shingon Buddhism to become the most influential at the Imperial court . However , political entanglements during the Genpei War ( 1180-1185 ) led many disaffected monks to leave , and in some cases to establish their own schools of Buddhism such as Jōdo-shū , Nichiren-shū and the Sōtō school of Zen . Destruction of the head temple of Mount Hiei by warlord Oda Nobunaga , as well as the geographic shift of the capital away from Kyoto to Edo , further weakened Tendai 's influence . In Chinese and Japanese , its name is identical to Tiantai , its parent school of Chinese Buddhism ; both Tiantai and Tendai hold the Lotus Sutra as the ultimate teaching of the Buddha and revere the teachings of Tiantai 's founder Zhiyi . In English , the Japanese romanization distinguishes the particularly Japanese history of the school and its innovations . These include an exclusive use of the Bodhisattva Precepts for ordination , an emphasis on the Four Integrated Schools , and Saichō 's focus on the One Vehicle teaching . David W. Chappell frames the relevance of Tendai for a universal Buddhism :" } ] }, { "value": "wakayama higashimuro nachikatsuura Nachikatsuura-chō , Higashimuro-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kumano Sanzan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan", "summary": "A Kumano shrine ( 熊野神社 , Kumano Jinja ) is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains : Hongū , Shingū , and Nachi ( Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) ) . There are more than 3000 Kumano shrines in Japan , and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei ( 分霊 ) or kanjō ( 勧請 ) . The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex of Wakayama Prefecture , which includes Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) ( Shingū , Wakayama ) , Kumano Hongū Taisha ( Tanabe , Wakayama ) and Kumano Nachi Taisha ( Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Nachi Falls ( 那智滝 , Nachi no Taki )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nachi_Falls", "summary": "Nachi Falls ( 那智滝 , Nachi no Taki ) in Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan , is one of the best-known waterfalls in Japan . With a drop of 133 meters ( and 13 meters wide ) , it is the country 's tallest water fall with single uninterrupted drop ; however , the tallest waterfalls with multiple drops in Japan are Hannoki Falls , at 497 m ( seasonal ) , and Shōmyō Falls , at 350m ( year round ) . There are two rocks at the top of the falls that are the guardian kami of the falls and the Shinto shrine . There was also a Buddhist temple here that was destroyed during the Meiji Restoration ( late 19th century ) . Many shugenja and star-crossed lovers have leaped from the top of the waterfall in the belief that they will be reborn into Kannons paradise . Early each morning the Shinto priest make offerings to the waterfall in a ritual . In 1918 , a Sutra mound was excavated at the base of the waterfall and found to contain many important archaeological artifacts , including statues , mirrors , altar fittings and Sutra cylinders . These are now displayed in the Ryuhoden ( Treasure Hall ) , located next to the Sanjūdō Pagoda ( the 3-story pagoda ) . These Sutra mounds were created by priests in times of war to hide their treasures but also many items were buried in this way as a result of the belief that the end of the world was coming at the start of the 10th century . Believed to house a kami called Hiryū Gongen worshiped at Kumano Nachi Taisha , it is part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range UNESCO World Heritage Site ." } ] }, { "value": "nature Waterfall", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama higashimuro nachikatsuura Nachikatsuura-chō , Higashimuro-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kumano Sanzan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan", "summary": "A Kumano shrine ( 熊野神社 , Kumano Jinja ) is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains : Hongū , Shingū , and Nachi ( Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) ) . There are more than 3000 Kumano shrines in Japan , and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei ( 分霊 ) or kanjō ( 勧請 ) . The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex of Wakayama Prefecture , which includes Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) ( Shingū , Wakayama ) , Kumano Hongū Taisha ( Tanabe , Wakayama ) and Kumano Nachi Taisha ( Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Nachi Primeval Forest ( 那智原始林 , Nachi Genjirin )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "nature Forest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama higashimuro nachikatsuura Nachikatsuura-chō , Higashimuro-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kumano Sanzan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan", "summary": "A Kumano shrine ( 熊野神社 , Kumano Jinja ) is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains : Hongū , Shingū , and Nachi ( Kumano Gongen ( 熊野権現 ) ) . There are more than 3000 Kumano shrines in Japan , and each has received its kami from another Kumano shrine through a process of propagation called bunrei ( 分霊 ) or kanjō ( 勧請 ) . The point of origin of the Kumano cult is the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex of Wakayama Prefecture , which includes Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) ( Shingū , Wakayama ) , Kumano Hongū Taisha ( Tanabe , Wakayama ) and Kumano Nachi Taisha ( Nachikatsuura , Wakayama Prefecture ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Fudarakusan-ji ( 補陀洛山寺 , Fudarakusan-ji )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fudarakusan-ji", "summary": "Fudarakusan-ji ( 補陀洛山寺 , Fudarakusan-ji ) is Tendai temple of the Higashimuro district , Wakayama prefecture , Japan . The name of temple comes from mount Potalaka . It is said to have been founded by Ragyō Shōnin , a monk from India . In 2004 , it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "temple tendai Tendai Buddhist temple", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama higashimuro nachikatsuura Nachikatsuura-chō , Higashimuro-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kōyasan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kōyasan", "summary": "Mount Kōya ( 高野山 , Kōya-san ) is the common name of a huge temple settlement in Wakayama Prefecture to the south of Osaka . In the strict sense , Kōya-san is the so-called mountain name sangō ( 山号 ) of the Kongōbu-Temple ( 金剛峯寺 , Kongōbu-ji ) , the ecclesiastical headquarters of the Koyasan Shingon School . First settled in 819 by the monk Kūkai , Mt . Kōya is primarily known as the world headquarters of the Kōyasan Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism . Located on an 800 m high plain amid eight peaks of the mountain ( which was the reason this location was selected , in that the terrain is supposed to resemble a lotus plant ) , the original monastery has grown into the town of Kōya , featuring a university dedicated to religious studies and 120 sub-temples , many of which offer lodging to pilgrims . The mountain is home to the following famous sites :" } ] }, { "value": "Niutsuhime Shrine ( 丹生都比売神社 , Niutsuhime-jinja )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Niutsuhime_Shrine", "summary": "Niutsuhime Shrine or Nibutsuhime Shrine ( 丹生都比売神社 , Niutsuhime-jinja , Nibutsuhime-jinja ) is a Shinto shrine in Ito district , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . The main hall is partially built in the kasuga-zukuri style . In 2004 , it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama ito katsuragi Katsuragi-chō , Ito-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Katsuragi,_Wakayama", "summary": "Katsuragi ( かつらぎ町 , Katsuragi-chō ) is a town located in Ito District , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . As of October 1 , 2016 , the town has an estimated population of 16,686 and a density of 110 persons per km² . The total area is 151.73 km² . On October 1 , 2005 the village of Hanazono , from Ito District , was merged into Katsuragi ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ito_District,_Wakayama", "summary": "Ito District ( 伊都郡 , Ito-gun ) is a district located in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . As of September 1 , 2008 , the district has an estimated population of 28,171 and a density of 84.6 persons/km² . The total area is 332.93 km² ." } ] }, { "value": "Kōyasan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kōyasan", "summary": "Mount Kōya ( 高野山 , Kōya-san ) is the common name of a huge temple settlement in Wakayama Prefecture to the south of Osaka . In the strict sense , Kōya-san is the so-called mountain name sangō ( 山号 ) of the Kongōbu-Temple ( 金剛峯寺 , Kongōbu-ji ) , the ecclesiastical headquarters of the Koyasan Shingon School . First settled in 819 by the monk Kūkai , Mt . Kōya is primarily known as the world headquarters of the Kōyasan Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism . Located on an 800 m high plain amid eight peaks of the mountain ( which was the reason this location was selected , in that the terrain is supposed to resemble a lotus plant ) , the original monastery has grown into the town of Kōya , featuring a university dedicated to religious studies and 120 sub-temples , many of which offer lodging to pilgrims . The mountain is home to the following famous sites :" } ] }, { "value": "Kongōbu-ji ( 金剛峯寺 , Kongōbu-ji )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kongōbu-ji", "summary": "Kongōbu-ji ( 金剛峯寺 ) is the ecclesiastic head temple of Koyasan Shingon Buddhism , located on Mount Kōya ( 高野山 , Kōya-san ) , Wakayama prefecture , Japan . Its name means Temple of the Diamond Mountain Peak . It is part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range UNESCO World Heritage Site . The temple was first constructed as Seigan-ji Temple in 1593 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi on the death of his mother , rebuilt in 1861 , and given its present name in 1869 . It contains many sliding screen doors painted by Kanō Tanyū ( 1602-1674 ) and members of the Kyoto Kanō school . The temples modern Banryūtei ( 蟠龍庭 rock garden ) is Japan 's largest ( 2340 square meters ) , with 140 granite stones arranged to suggest a pair of dragons emerging from clouds to protect the temple . The 413th abbot of Kongobuji is Reverend Keiho Nakanishi , who also acts as the archbishop of the Koyasan Shingon school . At the temple , visitors can listen to the sermons of the monks and participate in ajikan meditation sessions . The term ajikan refers to a fundamental breathing and meditation method of Shingon Buddhism : meditating on the letter A written using the Siddhaṃ alphabet ." } ] }, { "value": "temple shingon Shingon Buddhist temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shingon", "summary": "Shingon Buddhism ( 真言宗 , Shingon-shū ) is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asia , originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra . Known in Chinese as the Tangmi ( 唐密 ; the Esoteric School in Tang Dynasty of China ) , these esoteric teachings would later flourish in Japan under the auspices of a Buddhist monk named Kūkai ( 空海 ) , who traveled to Tang China to acquire and request transmission of the esoteric teachings . For that reason , it is often called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism , or Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism . The word shingon is the Japanese reading of the Chinese word 真言 ( zhēnyán ) , which is the Chinese transcription of the Sanskrit word mantra ." } ] }, { "value": "wakayama ito koya Kōya-chō , Ito-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kōya,_Wakayama", "summary": "Kōya ( 高野町 , Kōya-chō ) is a town located on a plateau atop Mt . Koya in Ito District , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . The town is known as the headquarters of the Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism . As of October 1 , 2016 , the town has an estimated population of 3,279 and a density of 24 persons per km² . The total area is 137.08 km² ." } ] }, { "value": "Kōyasan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kōyasan", "summary": "Mount Kōya ( 高野山 , Kōya-san ) is the common name of a huge temple settlement in Wakayama Prefecture to the south of Osaka . In the strict sense , Kōya-san is the so-called mountain name sangō ( 山号 ) of the Kongōbu-Temple ( 金剛峯寺 , Kongōbu-ji ) , the ecclesiastical headquarters of the Koyasan Shingon School . First settled in 819 by the monk Kūkai , Mt . Kōya is primarily known as the world headquarters of the Kōyasan Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism . Located on an 800 m high plain amid eight peaks of the mountain ( which was the reason this location was selected , in that the terrain is supposed to resemble a lotus plant ) , the original monastery has grown into the town of Kōya , featuring a university dedicated to religious studies and 120 sub-temples , many of which offer lodging to pilgrims . The mountain is home to the following famous sites :" } ] }, { "value": "Jison-in ( 慈尊院 , Jison-in )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jison-in", "summary": "Jison-in ( 慈尊院 ) is a Buddhist temple in the town of Kudoyama that marks the entrance to the pilgrimage route of Koyasan . It is part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Koyasan complex includes" } ] }, { "value": "temple shingon Shingon Buddhist temple", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shingon", "summary": "Shingon Buddhism ( 真言宗 , Shingon-shū ) is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asia , originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra . Known in Chinese as the Tangmi ( 唐密 ; the Esoteric School in Tang Dynasty of China ) , these esoteric teachings would later flourish in Japan under the auspices of a Buddhist monk named Kūkai ( 空海 ) , who traveled to Tang China to acquire and request transmission of the esoteric teachings . For that reason , it is often called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism , or Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism . The word shingon is the Japanese reading of the Chinese word 真言 ( zhēnyán ) , which is the Chinese transcription of the Sanskrit word mantra ." } ] }, { "value": "wakayama ito kudoyama Kudoyama-chō , Ito-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kudoyama,_Wakayama", "summary": "Kudoyama ( 九度山町 , Kudoyama-chō ) is a town located in Ito District , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . As of 2016 , the town has an estimated population of 4,295 and a density of 97 persons per km² . The total area is 44.19 km² . Its most famous tourist attraction is the Buddhist Jison-in temple ." } ] }, { "value": "Kōyasan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kōyasan", "summary": "Mount Kōya ( 高野山 , Kōya-san ) is the common name of a huge temple settlement in Wakayama Prefecture to the south of Osaka . In the strict sense , Kōya-san is the so-called mountain name sangō ( 山号 ) of the Kongōbu-Temple ( 金剛峯寺 , Kongōbu-ji ) , the ecclesiastical headquarters of the Koyasan Shingon School . First settled in 819 by the monk Kūkai , Mt . Kōya is primarily known as the world headquarters of the Kōyasan Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism . Located on an 800 m high plain amid eight peaks of the mountain ( which was the reason this location was selected , in that the terrain is supposed to resemble a lotus plant ) , the original monastery has grown into the town of Kōya , featuring a university dedicated to religious studies and 120 sub-temples , many of which offer lodging to pilgrims . The mountain is home to the following famous sites :" } ] }, { "value": "Niukanshōfu Shrine ( 丹生官省符神社 , Niukanshōfu-jinja )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Niukanshōfu_Shrine", "summary": "Niukanshōfu Shrine or Niukanshōbu Shrine ( 丹生官省符神社 , Niukanshōfu-jinja , Niukanshōbu-jinja ) is a Shinto shrine in Ito district , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . In 2004 , it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "shrine Shinto shrine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama ito kudoyama Kudoyama-chō , Ito-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pilgrimage Routes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ōmine Okugakemichi ( 大峯奥駈道 , Ōmine Okugakemichi )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "trail Trail", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama nara Villages between Nara and Wakayama prefectures", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pilgrimage Routes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kumano Sankeimichi ( 熊野参詣道 ) Nakahechi ( 中辺路 ) , including Kumano River ( 熊野川 ) Kohechi ( 小辺路 ) Ōhechi ( 大辺路 ) Iseji ( 伊勢路 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_Kodō", "summary": "The Kumano Kodō ( 熊野古道 ) is a series of ancient pilgrimage routes that crisscross the Kii Hantō , the largest peninsula of Japan . These sacred trails were and are used for the pilgrimage to the sacred site Kumano Sanzan ( 熊野三山 ) or the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano : Kumano Hongū Taisha ( 熊野本宮大社 ) , Kumano Nachi Taisha ( 熊野那智大社 ) and Kumano Hayatama Taisha ( 熊野速玉大社 ) . [ citation needed ] The Kumano Kodō pilgrimage routes that lead to Kumano can be categorized into three sub-routes : Kiji ; Kohechi ; and Iseji . [ citation needed ] On 7 July 2004 the Kumano Kodō and Kumano Sanzan , along with Koyasan and Yoshino and Omine , were registered as World Heritage sites together as the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kumano_River", "summary": "The Kumano River ( 熊野川 , Kumanogawa ) is a river in the Kii Peninsula of central Japan , located in Nara , Wakayama and Mie Prefectures . It is 183 kilometres ( 114 mi ) long and has a watershed of 2,630 square kilometres ( 1,020 sq mi ) . The river rises from Mount Ōmine in the Yoshino-Kumano National Park in Tenkawa , Nara and follows a generally southward course to drain into the Pacific Ocean on the border between Shingū , Wakayama and Kihō , Mie . The river is part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range , a UNESCO World Heritage Site which incorporates nature scenery of the Kii peninsula with numerous Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines forming a pilgrimage route . Municipalities through which the river passes are :" } ] }, { "value": "trail Trail", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama mie Across Mie and Wakayama prefectures", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pilgrimage Routes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kōyasan chōishi-michi ( 高野山町石道 , Kōyasan Chōishimichi )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kōyasan_chōishi-michi", "summary": "Kōyasan chōishi-michi ( 高野山町石道 ) is a twenty-four kilometre path with a stone marker ( ishi ) every 109 metres ( chō ) leading to Kōyasan , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . Created by Kūkai and within the Kōyasan Chōishi-michi Tamagawa Prefectural Park ( 高野山町石道玉川峡県立自然公園 ) , it forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site : Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ." } ] }, { "value": "trail Trail", "urls": [] }, { "value": "wakayama ito Villages in Ito-gun , Wakayama-ken", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "List of sites", "section_text": "", "uid": "Sacred_Sites_and_Pilgrimage_Routes_in_the_Kii_Mountain_Range_0", "intro": "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located on the Kii Peninsula in Japan." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Only_Fools_and_Horses_characters", "title": "List of Only Fools and Horses characters", "header": [ "Character", "Actor", "First appearance", "Last appearance", "Duration", "Episodes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Trigger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trigger_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)", "summary": "Colin Ball , more commonly known as Trigger ( 22 April 1948 - 2014 ) , is a fictional character in the popular BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses and its prequel Rock & Chips . He was played by Roger Lloyd-Pack in Only Fools and Horses and Lewis Osbourne in Rock & Chips ." } ] }, { "value": "Roger Lloyd-Pack ( Lewis Osbourne in Rock & Chips )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roger_Lloyd-Pack", "summary": "Roger Lloyd-Pack ( 8 February 1944 - 15 January 2014 ) was an English actor . He was best known for the role of Trigger in Only Fools and Horses from 1981 to 2003 . He had a supporting role of Owen Newitt in The Vicar of Dibley from 1994 to 2007 , and as Tom in The Old Guys with Clive Swift . He was also well known for his appearance as Barty Crouch , Sr. in the film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and his appearances in Doctor Who as John Lumic in the episodes Rise of the Cybermen and The Age of Steel . He was sometimes credited without the hyphen in his surname . He died in 2014 from pancreatic cancer ." } ] }, { "value": "Big Brother", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_Brother_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)", "summary": "Big Brother is the first ever episode of the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It is the first episode of series 1 , and was first broadcast on 8 September 1981 . In the episode , Del buys a consignment of briefcases , only to later discover that the combinations are locked inside ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleepless in Peckham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleepless_in_Peckham", "summary": "Sleepless in Peckham. ! is the final episode of BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was first screened on 25 December 2003 as the third and final part of the early 2000s Christmas trilogy , and as the eighteenth and final Christmas special . It was the last Only Fools and Horses-related episode until the Sport Relief special in March 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1981-2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Boycie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boycie", "summary": "Herman Terrance Aubrey Boycie Boyce ( born 31 January 1948 ) is a fictional character in the popular BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses played by John Challis . His story is continued in the spin-off series The Green Green Grass , which began filming in June 2005 , in which Boycie and family have fled from a gang of criminals to the countryside . A younger Boycie also appears in the prequel series Rock & Chips . With Denzil , he is one of only two characters to appear in all three ." } ] }, { "value": "John Challis ( Stephen Lloyd in Rock & Chips )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Challis", "summary": "John Spurley Challis ( born 16 August 1942 ) is an English actor best known for portraying Aubrey Boycie Boyce in the long-running BBC television comedy series Only Fools and Horses and its sequel/spin-off The Green Green Grass . Since 2015 , he has made guest appearances as Monty Staines from the seventh series onwards in the hit ITV comedy Benidorm , later becoming a regular from series 10 in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "Go West Young Man", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Go_West_Young_Man_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)", "summary": "Go West Young Man is an episode of the BBC sitcom , Only Fools and Horses . It was the second episode of series 1 , and was first screened on 15 September 1981 . This was the lowest rated episode of the entire series , with only 6.1 million viewers . In the episode , Del sells a faulty car to an Australian man ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleepless in Peckham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleepless_in_Peckham", "summary": "Sleepless in Peckham. ! is the final episode of BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was first screened on 25 December 2003 as the third and final part of the early 2000s Christmas trilogy , and as the eighteenth and final Christmas special . It was the last Only Fools and Horses-related episode until the Sport Relief special in March 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1981-2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Denzil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Denzil_Tulser", "summary": "Denzil Tulser ( born 8 August 1948 ) , is a character in the popular BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses played by Paul Barber . Denzil is a long distance lorry driver originating from Liverpool , a good friend of Derek Trotter and one of Del 's victims when it comes to dodgy goods . In the 1983 episode Who 's A Pretty Boy ? , Denzil 's then-wife Corinne saw through Del and stated that whenever Denzil and Del got together , Denzil ended up drunk or out of pocket , to which Denzil protests ; Yeah I know , but he 's a mate . Del incurred Corinne 's wrath by ruining her wedding day food after his fridge broke down , leaving the guests eating pie and chips and Corinne and Denzil cutting not a wedding cake but a jam sponge . The final straw came when Denzil hired Del , Rodney and Grandad to paint the living room . They burnt a hole through the kettle , ruined the kitchen with the steam , turning it into a Turkish bath , and thought they had killed Corinne 's canary . Panicking , they sent Grandad to buy a replacement bird , hoping to fool Corinne . The plan however failed , as Corinne came home and told them she had found the bird dead earlier that morning , before she left for work . Denzil and Corinne divorced later in the series , but Corinne herself only appeared in one episode . The actress who played her , ( Eva Mottley ) , committed suicide , so the character was written out of the show . Denzil 's trade as a long-distance lorry driver also contributed to the divorce . In the 1985 Christmas special To Hull and Back , while driving to Hull , he began to hear Del 's voice ." } ] }, { "value": "Paul Barber ( Ashley Gerlach in Rock & Chips )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paul_Barber_(actor)", "summary": "Patrick Barber , known by the stage name Paul Barber ( born 18 March 1951 ) , is an English actor from Liverpool . In a career spanning more than 30 years , he is best known for playing Denzil in Only Fools and Horses and Horse in The Full Monty ." } ] }, { "value": "Who 's a Pretty Boy ?", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Who's_a_Pretty_Boy?", "summary": "Who 's a Pretty Boy ? is an episode of the BBC sitcom , Only Fools and Horses . It was the penultimate episode of series 3 , and was first broadcast on 22 December 1983 . In the episode , Del persuades Denzil to let them redecorate his flat , despite his wife Corrine 's objections . Things go awry when they think they have killed Corrine 's pet canary ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleepless in Peckham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleepless_in_Peckham", "summary": "Sleepless in Peckham. ! is the final episode of BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was first screened on 25 December 2003 as the third and final part of the early 2000s Christmas trilogy , and as the eighteenth and final Christmas special . It was the last Only Fools and Horses-related episode until the Sport Relief special in March 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1983-2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Slater", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/DCI_Roy_Slater", "summary": "Roy Slater ( born 15 May 1948 ) is a recurring character in the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses . He was played by Jim Broadbent , and in the prequel Rock and Chips , by Calum MacNab ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Broadbent ( Callum McNab in Rock & Chips )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jim_Broadbent", "summary": "James Broadbent ( born 24 May 1949 ) is an English actor . He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for his supporting role as John Bayley in the feature film Iris ( 2001 ) , as well as winning a BAFTA TV Award and a Golden Globe for his leading role as Lord Longford in the television film Longford ( 2006 ) . Broadbent received four BAFTA Film Award nominations and won one for his performance in Moulin Rouge ! ( 2001 ) . He was also nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards . Broadbent played Horace Slughorn in the fantasy films Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince ( 2009 ) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 ( 2011 ) . He joined the cast of the television series Game of Thrones , playing a role of Archmaester Ebrose , in the seventh season ( 2017 ) . His other notable roles were in Bullets over Broadway ( 1994 ) , Topsy-Turvy ( 1999 ) , Bridget Joness Diary ( 2001 ) , Moulin Rouge ! ( 2001 ) , The Gathering Storm ( 2002 ) , Hot Fuzz ( 2007 ) , Another Year ( 2010 ) , The Iron Lady ( 2011 ) , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , Brooklyn ( 2015 ) the Paddington films ( 2014 , 2017 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "May The Force Be With You", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/May_The_Force_Be_With_You_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)", "summary": "May the Force Be with You is an episode of the BBC sitcom , Only Fools and Horses . It was the fifth episode of series 3 , and was first screened on 8 December 1983 . The title of the episode comes from a line in Star Wars : May the Force be with you . In the episode , the despised DCI Roy Slater returns to Peckham and arrests the Trotters for stealing a microwave ." } ] }, { "value": "The Class of '62", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Class_of_'62", "summary": "The Class of '62 is an episode of the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was the fourth episode of series 7 , and was first broadcast on 20 January 1991 . In the episode , Del Boy , Rodney , Boycie , Denzil and Trigger attend a school reunion which , to their surprise , has been arranged by Roy Slater ." } ] }, { "value": "1983 , 1985 , 1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marlene Boyce", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marlene_Boyce", "summary": "Only Fools and Horses is a British television sitcom created and written by John Sullivan . Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1991 , with sixteen sporadic Christmas specials aired until the end of the show in 2003 . Episodes are regularly repeated on UKTV comedy channel Gold . Set in Peckham in south-east London , it stars David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek Del Boy Trotter , Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney Trotter , and Lennard Pearce as their elderly Grandad as their sidekick . Backed by a strong supporting cast , the series follows the Trotters ' highs and lows in life , in particular their attempts to get rich . Many include the three characters doing favors for the townsfolk , including decorating flats , or cleaning chandeliers . But many of these turn out horribly wrong for Del and the men . The first series did n't do too well with audiences . It was n't until the second series , the show started to pick up more and more viewers . Many other characters include the boys ' love interests , Cassandra and Raquel , and Uncle Albert , the boys ' great uncle and new sidekick since Series 4 , played by Buster Merryfield , wise cracking car dealer , Boycie and the slightly dumb Trigger , Del 's old friend and lorry driver , Denzil , the Nag 's Head bartender , Michael , and Del Boy 's old rival , Roy Slater , played by Jim Broadbent . The show achieved consistently high ratings , and the 1996 episode Time on Our Hands ( originally billed as the last ever episode ) holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode , attracting over 24.3 million viewers . Critically and popularly acclaimed , the series received numerous awards , including recognition from BAFTA , the National Television Awards and the Royal Television Society , as well as winning individual accolades for both Sullivan and Jason ." } ] }, { "value": "Sue Holderness", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sue_Holderness", "summary": "Susan Joan Pringle Holderness ( born 28 May 1949 ) is an English actress . She played the role of Marlene Boyce in the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses ( from 1985 to 2003 ) and its spin-off The Green Green Grass ( from 2005 until 2009 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleeping Dogs Lie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleeping_Dogs_Lie_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)", "summary": "Sleeping Dogs Lie is an episode of the BBC sitcom , Only Fools and Horses . It was the fifth episode of series 4 and first broadcast on 21 March 1985 . In the episode , Del Boy and Rodney babysit Boycie and Marlene 's cherished Great Dane , Duke ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleepless in Peckham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleepless_in_Peckham", "summary": "Sleepless in Peckham. ! is the final episode of BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was first screened on 25 December 2003 as the third and final part of the early 2000s Christmas trilogy , and as the eighteenth and final Christmas special . It was the last Only Fools and Horses-related episode until the Sport Relief special in March 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1985-2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mike", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mike_Fisher_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)", "summary": "Michael David Mike Fisher ( born 12 December 1950 ) was a fictional character in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . He was publican of the Nag 's Head and appeared in the show from 1983 to 1996 . Mike was portrayed by Kenneth MacDonald . Mike first appeared in Only Fools and Horses in the episode , Who 's a Pretty Boy ? , in which Del ingratiated himself with the new landlord by agreeing to a deal which would see Mike accept Del 's £2,000 offer to re-decorate the pub , leaving them with £500 apiece and using the remaining £1,000 to pay Brendan O'Shaughnessy . With many scenes in subsequent episodes set in the Nag 's Head , Mike became a regular character . Good-natured but often gullible , Mike was often on the receiving end of Del 's scams or attempts to sell his low-quality goods . He rarely managed to get to Del to pay off his bar tab or even to pay for his drinks as he ordered them ( instead putting them on the 'slate ' . He later comments that it 's gotten so far out of hand he could retile the roof with them ) . Among the goods he bought from Del were a hairdryer that was actually a paint stripper ( leaving Mike with severe burns to the head ) , a deep fryer ( which soon exploded ) and a fax machine that did n't work . On the other hand , he was quite happy to con people out of their money when he could , evidenced by one occasion where he sold Denzil a plate of stew for a pound , then sold exactly the same thing to a yuppie for £2.50 , instead calling it Boeuf Bourguignon . When Kenneth MacDonald died in 2001 , writer John Sullivan added a storyline to new episode If They Could See Us Now , which explained that Mike had been caught up in Del and Rodney 's shady financial dealings and attempted to embezzle the brewery in order to cover his losses , for which he was imprisoned . Cafe owner Sid took over Mike 's position of landlord ." } ] }, { "value": "Kenneth MacDonald", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenneth_MacDonald_(English_actor)", "summary": "Kenneth MacDonald ( 20 November 1950 - 6 August 2001 ) was an English actor who was best known for the parts of Gunner Nobby Clark in It Ai n't Half Hot Mum and Mike Fisher in Only Fools and Horses ." } ] }, { "value": "Who 's a Pretty Boy ?", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Who's_a_Pretty_Boy?", "summary": "Who 's a Pretty Boy ? is an episode of the BBC sitcom , Only Fools and Horses . It was the penultimate episode of series 3 , and was first broadcast on 22 December 1983 . In the episode , Del persuades Denzil to let them redecorate his flat , despite his wife Corrine 's objections . Things go awry when they think they have killed Corrine 's pet canary ." } ] }, { "value": "Time On Our Hands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Time_On_Our_Hands", "summary": "Time on Our Hands is an episode of the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . First screened on 29 December 1996 , it was the final episode of that years Christmas trilogy and the fifteenth Christmas special overall . It attracted a television audience of 24.3 million , a record for a British sitcom . In the episode , the Trotters finally become millionaires and Del decides to invest in the futures market . It had initially been intended to be the last ever episode , but creator John Sullivan wrote three more specials that were screened annually from 2001-03 , starting with If They Could See Us Now ." } ] }, { "value": "1983-1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mickey Pearce", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mickey_Pearce", "summary": "Michael Mickey Pearce ( born 4 May 1961 ) is a recurring fictional character in the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses . The character was played by Patrick Murray . Mickey was a young unnerving man , always wearing a Trilby hat and boasting about some imagined business successes of his . He was ostensibly a friend of Rodney 's , although he stole Rodney 's girlfriend in Happy Returns and went on holiday to Spain with all their company 's money in Healthy Competition . Another recurring joke around Mickey was his long list of jobs . According to Del , Mickey has been on the dole for so long they even invite him to the staff Christmas party . He also used Rodney 's council film grant to make pornographic movies ( Video Nasty ) and was beaten up by the Driscoll Brothers for failing to repay them their money for their dodgy mobile phones ." } ] }, { "value": "Patrick Murray", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Patrick_Murray_(actor)", "summary": "Patrick Murray ( born 17 December 1956 ) is a retired English screen actor notable for his role as Mickey Pearce in the sitcom Only Fools and Horses . Born in London to an Irish father and Spanish mother , he was educated at St. Frances Cabrini primary school and St. Thomas the Apostle College . Murray has appeared in starring and supporting roles in numerous films and television programmes . He also became well known for his appearances in Television commercials for the Italian home appliance company Zanussi . Murray is a staunch supporter of his local league football club Millwall F.C. , often being recognised whilst sitting in the stands . In his later years , he was a controller at a mini-cab office in Catford . [ citation needed ] In 2018 , Murray was supposed to take part in a bus trip that would raise money for Demelza , a childrens hospice . However , the trip was called off last minute as Murray revealed he is receiving treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . The trip included him entertaining 70 fans while travelling from Leysdown-on-Sea in Kent to Margate . Murray hopes to complete the trip late in October ." } ] }, { "value": "Healthy Competition", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Healthy_Competition", "summary": "Healthy Competition is the second episode of series 3 of the BBC sit-com , Only Fools and Horses . It was first broadcast on 17 November 1983 . In the episode , Rodney decides to leave Trotters Independent Traders and go into business with Mickey Pearce , but soon learns that it 's harder than it looks ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleepless in Peckham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleepless_in_Peckham", "summary": "Sleepless in Peckham. ! is the final episode of BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was first screened on 25 December 2003 as the third and final part of the early 2000s Christmas trilogy , and as the eighteenth and final Christmas special . It was the last Only Fools and Horses-related episode until the Sport Relief special in March 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1983-2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sid", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Only_Fools_and_Horses", "summary": "Only Fools and Horses is a British television sitcom created and written by John Sullivan . Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1991 , with sixteen sporadic Christmas specials aired until the end of the show in 2003 . Episodes are regularly repeated on UKTV comedy channel Gold . Set in Peckham in south-east London , it stars David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek Del Boy Trotter , Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney Trotter , and Lennard Pearce as their elderly Grandad as their sidekick . Backed by a strong supporting cast , the series follows the Trotters ' highs and lows in life , in particular their attempts to get rich . Many include the three characters doing favors for the townsfolk , including decorating flats , or cleaning chandeliers . But many of these turn out horribly wrong for Del and the men . The first series did n't do too well with audiences . It was n't until the second series , the show started to pick up more and more viewers . Many other characters include the boys ' love interests , Cassandra and Raquel , and Uncle Albert , the boys ' great uncle and new sidekick since Series 4 , played by Buster Merryfield , wise cracking car dealer , Boycie and the slightly dumb Trigger , Del 's old friend and lorry driver , Denzil , the Nag 's Head bartender , Michael , and Del Boy 's old rival , Roy Slater , played by Jim Broadbent . The show achieved consistently high ratings , and the 1996 episode Time on Our Hands ( originally billed as the last ever episode ) holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode , attracting over 24.3 million viewers . Critically and popularly acclaimed , the series received numerous awards , including recognition from BAFTA , the National Television Awards and the Royal Television Society , as well as winning individual accolades for both Sullivan and Jason ." } ] }, { "value": "Roy Heather", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roy_Heather", "summary": "Roy Heather ( 20 May 1935 - 3 September 2014 ) was an English television actor best remembered for playing cafe owner Sid in the sitcom Only Fools and Horses . Heather was born in Stoke Poges , Buckinghamshire . After leaving school , he worked for an asbestos firm before National Service with the Royal Air Force . He then did several jobs , including working as a Betterware household goods salesman , while continuing his interest in amateur acting . He was spotted by David Tudor , who gave him his first professional job in repertory theatre at the age of 44 . While working for Tudor , he played many leading roles including Frank in Winter Journey and Reg in The Norman Conquests , and co-starred in the world premiere of Aurelia , with Ingrid Pitt . He debuted the role of Pistol in Peter Mottley 's stage monologue , After Agincourt . Heather appeared in various British television shows , usually in small roles , including Edge of Darkness , Poirot , The Legacy of Reginald Perrin , Birds of a Feather , Hi-De-Hi , Bottom , The Green Green Grass , The Bill and an episode of series 10 of BBC sitcom My Family . He appeared as a nameless old man in the Al Murray/Richard Herring programme Time Gentlemen Please . He also attended fan conventions for Only Fools and Horses ." } ] }, { "value": "The Long Legs of the Law", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Long_Legs_of_the_Law", "summary": "The Long Legs of the Law is the first episode of series 2 of the BBC sitcom , Only Fools and Horses . It was first broadcast on 21 October 1982 . The title of the episode was a pun on the police term the long arm of the law . In the episode , Del is horrified when he discovers that Rodney is dating a policewoman ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleepless in Peckham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleepless_in_Peckham", "summary": "Sleepless in Peckham. ! is the final episode of BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was first screened on 25 December 2003 as the third and final part of the early 2000s Christmas trilogy , and as the eighteenth and final Christmas special . It was the last Only Fools and Horses-related episode until the Sport Relief special in March 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1982 , 1985-2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alan Parry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Only_Fools_and_Horses", "summary": "Only Fools and Horses is a British television sitcom created and written by John Sullivan . Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1991 , with sixteen sporadic Christmas specials aired until the end of the show in 2003 . Episodes are regularly repeated on UKTV comedy channel Gold . Set in Peckham in south-east London , it stars David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek Del Boy Trotter , Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney Trotter , and Lennard Pearce as their elderly Grandad as their sidekick . Backed by a strong supporting cast , the series follows the Trotters ' highs and lows in life , in particular their attempts to get rich . Many include the three characters doing favors for the townsfolk , including decorating flats , or cleaning chandeliers . But many of these turn out horribly wrong for Del and the men . The first series did n't do too well with audiences . It was n't until the second series , the show started to pick up more and more viewers . Many other characters include the boys ' love interests , Cassandra and Raquel , and Uncle Albert , the boys ' great uncle and new sidekick since Series 4 , played by Buster Merryfield , wise cracking car dealer , Boycie and the slightly dumb Trigger , Del 's old friend and lorry driver , Denzil , the Nag 's Head bartender , Michael , and Del Boy 's old rival , Roy Slater , played by Jim Broadbent . The show achieved consistently high ratings , and the 1996 episode Time on Our Hands ( originally billed as the last ever episode ) holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode , attracting over 24.3 million viewers . Critically and popularly acclaimed , the series received numerous awards , including recognition from BAFTA , the National Television Awards and the Royal Television Society , as well as winning individual accolades for both Sullivan and Jason ." } ] }, { "value": "Denis Lill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Denis_Lill", "summary": "Denis Lill ( born 22 April 1942 ) is a New Zealand-born British actor . He is best known for his role in Survivors as Charles Vaughan and his role in Only Fools and Horses as Alan Parry ." } ] }, { "value": "Little Problems", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Little_Problems", "summary": "Little Problems is an episode of the BBC sit-com , Only Fools and Horses . It was the final episode of series 6 , and was first screened on 12 February 1989 . John Sullivan 's idea for the script came from a drink with David Jason and Nicholas Lyndhurst one evening , which they then made into this episode ." } ] }, { "value": "Mother Natures Son", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mother_Nature’s_Son_(Only_Fools_and_Horses)", "summary": "Mother Nature 's Son is the eleventh Christmas special episode of the BBC sit-com Only Fools and Horses . It was first broadcast on 25 December 1992 . In the episode , Del sells tap water as Peckham Spring . The episode repeats on the UKTV channel Gold ." } ] }, { "value": "1989-1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Damien", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Damien_Trotter", "summary": "Damien Derek Trotter ( born 3 February 1991 ) is a fictional character in the BBC series Only Fools and Horses . He is son to Derek Trotter and Raquel Turner . Damien is the only child of Del and Raquel and nephew of Rodney Trotter . A recurring theme in the show was Rodney 's fixated belief that Damien was literally the Antichrist ( an allusion to the Damien Thorn character from the Omen series of films ) despite the fact that Damien shows no resentment nor intentions of harm toward anybody except Rodney himself . Del and Raquel chide Rodney for his mad obsessions and believe Damien to be a perfect angel , spoiling him frequently . From the earliest ages , Damien shows signs of being a spoiled brat , such as throwing things at Rodney , throwing seeds on the floor , deliberately waking Uncle Albert up from a nap , placing Cassandra 's birth control pills inside an urn containing Albert 's ashes , urinating in a public swimming pool ( from the top of the diving board ) , encouraging his father to physically fight someone at a funeral , and even hoping that his father might get sent to prison merely to fit in with his group of friends with imprisoned fathers . Although Del and Raquel seemed to remain oblivious to Damien 's bad behaviour when he was younger , they did gradually become stricter with him in the final episodes and Rodney frequently calls him or refers to him as Rat Boy . He was named after Del and Raquel could not decide on a name for their unborn baby ( Raquel thought of Aron , pronounced air-on , but Uncle Albert thought the kids would nickname him Aron a G-string and Del thought Troy , but the name Troy Trotter was instantly dismissed ) , so Rodney sarcastically suggested that they name him Damien as Rodney was convinced that the baby would be born half-demon . To his horror , they adored the name and Rodney desperately tried to get them to change their minds , offering the name Derek which led to his middle name ( and resulting in the initials D. D. T. ) Damien was born under a full moon and during the birth , Rodney even went as so far as to ask Del if the baby had been born with the numbers 666 branded on its forehead . After Damien was born , Rodney refused to hold him or share a room with him . In episodes when Damien was a child , Rodney seemed more relaxed around him but his fear arose again when Damien became a handsome and popular teenager who delighted in tormenting Rodney . Sometimes it became somewhat apparent that Del Boy enjoyed Rodney 's fear of Damien , and on Rodney 's birthday once , Damien sent him a card with the Devil on it ." } ] }, { "value": "Various", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Three Men , a Woman and a Baby", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Three_Men,_a_Woman_and_a_Baby", "summary": "Three Men , a Woman and a Baby is an episode of the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was the final episode of series 7 , and was first broadcast on 3 February 1991 . This is the last episode of the last regular series , although Christmas specials were broadcast intermittently until 2003 . In this episode , the birth of Del and Raquel 's baby is imminent . Damien Trotter appears in the show for the first time in the episode 's finale ." } ] }, { "value": "Sleepless in Peckham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sleepless_in_Peckham", "summary": "Sleepless in Peckham. ! is the final episode of BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses . It was first screened on 25 December 2003 as the third and final part of the early 2000s Christmas trilogy , and as the eighteenth and final Christmas special . It was the last Only Fools and Horses-related episode until the Sport Relief special in March 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1991-2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Recurring characters -- Major", "section_text": "For more details , see individual character articles", "uid": "List_of_Only_Fools_and_Horses_characters_1", "intro": "This is a list of characters from the BBC situation comedy Only Fools and Horses and its prequel, Rock and Chips." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota", "header": [ "", "Name on the Register", "Date listed", "Location", "City or town" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Former McLean County Courthouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Former_McLean_County_Courthouse", "summary": "The Former McLean County Courthouse in Washburn , North Dakota was built in 1905 to replace a courthouse that burned , and was used as a courthouse until 1917 , when the new McLean County Courthouse was built . The building is now used as one of the buildings of the McLean County Historical Society Museums ." } ] }, { "value": "November 14 , 1985 ( # 85002987 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Main St. 47°17′23″N 101°01′44″W / 47.289722°N 101.028889°W / 47.289722 ; -101.028889 ( Former McLean County Courthouse )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washburn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washburn,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Washburn is a city in McLean County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of McLean County . The population was 1,246 at the 2010 census . Washburn was founded in 1882 and became the county seat in 1883 . The city 's name honors General Cadwallader C. Washburn . Washburn is home to the North Dakota Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center which focuses on the Expedition 's winter with the Mandans and houses a full-scale replication of Fort Mandan and one of the expedition 's canoes ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Buford Stage Road", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Buford_Stage_Road", "summary": "The Fort Buford Stage Road , in or near Washburn , North Dakota in McLean County , North Dakota was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019 . It presumably went to Fort Buford , in the Dakota Territory . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "October 25 , 2019 ( # 100004540 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Buford Stage Rd", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washburn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washburn,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Washburn is a city in McLean County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of McLean County . The population was 1,246 at the 2010 census . Washburn was founded in 1882 and became the county seat in 1883 . The city 's name honors General Cadwallader C. Washburn . Washburn is home to the North Dakota Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center which focuses on the Expedition 's winter with the Mandans and houses a full-scale replication of Fort Mandan and one of the expedition 's canoes ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Holy Trinity Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Ukrainian_Greek_Orthodox_Church", "summary": "The Holy Trinity Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church in Wilton , North Dakota was built in 1913 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) in 1982 . As of the NRHP nomination , the church no longer had regular services , as was the case for the other two historic Ukrainian Greek Orthodox churches in North Dakota ." } ] }, { "value": "October 22 , 1982 ( # 82001344 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bismarck Ave. and 6th St. 47°09′35″N 100°47′24″W / 47.159722°N 100.79°W / 47.159722 ; -100.79 ( Holy Trinity Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wilton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wilton,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Wilton is a city in Burleigh and McLean counties in the State of North Dakota . It is part of the Bismarck , ND Metropolitan Statistical Area or Bismarck-Mandan . The population was 711 at the 2010 census . Founded in 1899 , Wilton was named by General W. D. Washburn after the town of Wilton in his native state of Maine ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ingersoll School", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ingersoll_School", "summary": "The Ingersoll School , a one-room schoolhouse near Washburn , North Dakota , was built in 1885 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 19 . Its 125th anniversary was celebrated in July , 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "March 31 , 2010 ( # 10000139 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11 miles north on Alt 200 , right 2 miles on Hwy 200 , turn right for .4 mile on gravel 47°27′06″N 100°59′32″W / 47.451542°N 100.992125°W / 47.451542 ; -100.992125 ( Ingersoll School )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washburn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washburn,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Washburn is a city in McLean County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of McLean County . The population was 1,246 at the 2010 census . Washburn was founded in 1882 and became the county seat in 1883 . The city 's name honors General Cadwallader C. Washburn . Washburn is home to the North Dakota Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center which focuses on the Expedition 's winter with the Mandans and houses a full-scale replication of Fort Mandan and one of the expedition 's canoes ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Semevolos Farm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Semevolos_Farm", "summary": "The Semevolos Farm near Butte , North Dakota , United States , is a farm that was homesteaded by John and Rose Semevolos in 1903 , and one or more of its buildings were developed in 1906 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 . According to its nomination , the Semevolos house is architecturally significant as a near 'textbook ' example of one of two identified Ukrainian immigrant building types . It has a blue door ." } ] }, { "value": "October 16 , 1987 ( # 87001788 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Southeast of Butte 47°49′47″N 100°36′35″W / 47.829722°N 100.609722°W / 47.829722 ; -100.609722 ( Semevolos Farm )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Butte", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Butte,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Butte is a city in McLean County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 68 at the 2010 census . Butte was founded in 1906 ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Soo Line Depot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soo_Line_Depot_(Wilton,_North_Dakota)", "summary": "Wilton station in Wilton , North Dakota was built in 1900 . Designed by William J. Keith , it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as the Minneapolis , St. Paul and Sault Sainte Marie Railroad Company Depot . It is also known as Soo Line Depot ." } ] }, { "value": "March 29 , 1978 ( # 78003079 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1st St. and McLean Ave. 47°09′32″N 100°46′59″W / 47.158889°N 100.783056°W / 47.158889 ; -100.783056 ( Soo Line Depot )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wilton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wilton,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Wilton is a city in Burleigh and McLean counties in the State of North Dakota . It is part of the Bismarck , ND Metropolitan Statistical Area or Bismarck-Mandan . The population was 711 at the 2010 census . Founded in 1899 , Wilton was named by General W. D. Washburn after the town of Wilton in his native state of Maine ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Freborg Homestead", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Freborg_Homestead", "summary": "The Freborg Homestead near Underwood in McLean County , North Dakota was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014 . The listed property is 10.5 acres ( 4.2 ha ) that includes the farm buildings , out of what once was a 160 acres ( 0.65 km2 ) homestead . It was the homestead of Swedish immigrant John Freborg , who took that last name after arriving in America , and his wife Alida Younquist , also a Swedish immigrant but whom he met in North Dakota , and eventually their children . They brought a daughter born in Bismarck and had six sons born on the homestead . The 160 acres ( 0.65 km2 ) homestead was claimed in 1904 and proved up in 1905 or 1906 , including by building a log home . A new frame house was built by 1906 in front of the original . The Freborgs were eventually able to own a 1914 Overland touring car . John got sick and died relatively young ; the Great Depression was hard on the family . The house is a gable-front T-shaped residence with enclosed porches which is 26 by 33.5 feet ( 7.9 m × 10.2 m ) in plan . The barn , built just before the house , is 60 by 46 feet ( 18 m × 14 m ) . Other structures are a chicken coop , a stock building , a granary , a grain bin , a granary/log cabin/equipment storage building , a triple garage , a smokehouse , a pump , and a windmill . John was born in Svartaback , Linneryd , Sweden on December 20 , 1871 and immigrated in 1893 ." } ] }, { "value": "September 10 , 2014 ( # 14000625 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3231 2ndt St. NW 47°26′39″N 101°15′10″W / 47.4443°N 101.2529°W / 47.4443 ; -101.2529 ( Freborg Homestead )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Underwood", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Underwood,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Underwood is a city in McLean County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 778 at the 2010 census . Underwood was founded along a Soo Line Railroad line between Bismarck and Max in 1903 and named after Fred D. Underwood , vice president of the railroad at the time ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zion Lutheran Cemetery , Wrought-Iron Cross Site", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zion_Lutheran_Cemetery,_Wrought-Iron_Cross_Site", "summary": "The Zion Lutheran Cemetery , Wrought-Iron Cross Site , near Mercer , North Dakota , United States , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 . It includes wrought-iron crosses . The listing included seven contributing objects . It includes work by Carl Rennich , of Mercer . Rennich was one of a number of German-Russian blacksmiths in central North Dakota who developed individual styles in their crosses and whose work was known for miles around them . :13" } ] }, { "value": "October 23 , 1989 ( # 89001684 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Address Restricted", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mercer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mercer,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Mercer is a city in McLean County , North Dakota , United States . The population was 94 at the 2010 census . Mercer was founded in 1905 along a now-abandoned branch line of the Northern Pacific Railway extending from Carrington to Turtle Lake . The name comes from William Henry Harrison Mercer , a well known rancher in the Missouri River Valley for many years and for whom Mercer County is also named . The city of Mercer lies on North Dakota Highway 200 between Underwood and McClusky ." } ] } ], "section_title": "McLean County", "section_text": "", "uid": "National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota_29", "intro": "There are 447 properties and historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in North Dakota. There are listings in 52 of North Dakota's 53 counties." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Thailand", "title": "List of islands of Thailand", "header": [ "Name", "Thai Name", "Province", "Island Chain , Group , Archipelago" ], "data": [ { "value": "Ko Chong Saba", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะช่องสะบ้า", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Nom Sao", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะนมสาว", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Chula", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะจุฬา", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Nu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะหนู", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Nang Ram", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะนางรำ", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Kwang", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะกวาง", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Chik Nok", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะจิกนอก", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Chik Klang", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะจิกกลาง", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chanthaburi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chanthaburi_Province", "summary": "Chanthaburi ( Thai : จันทบุรี , pronounced [ t͡ɕān.tʰáʔ.bū.rīː ] ; Chong : จันกะบูย , chankabui , lit : 'Lady Chan , Who wears a pan on her head ' ) is a province ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the east of Thailand , on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia , on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong , Chonburi , Chachoengsao , and Sa Kaeo to the west and north ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Chang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang", "summary": "Ko Chang ( Thai : เกาะช้าง , pronounced [ kɔ̀ʔ̚ t͡ɕʰáːŋ ] ) is an amphoe ( district ) in Trat Province , Thailand . It is on the Gulf of Thailand 's eastern seaboard , 300 km from Bangkok , near the border with Cambodia . The island Ko Chang occupies most of the district 's land area , along with several smaller islands . With an area of 210 km2 , Ko Chang is the third-largest island in Thailand by area , after Phuket and Ko Samui . The name Ko Chang means 'Elephant Island ' and derives from its elephant-shaped headland . Despite the presence of elephants on the island , they are not indigenous . At present , there are eight villages on the island ." } ] }, { "value": "เกาะช้าง", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Main island of Ko Chang group", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ko Ngam", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะง่าม", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Phrao Nai", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะพร้าวใน", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Phrao Nok", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะพร้าวนอก", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Noi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะช้างน้อย", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Suwan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Rom", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Lim", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Salak", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Yuak", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะหยวก", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Man Nai", "urls": [] }, { "value": "เกาะมันใน", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Man Nok", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Man_Nok", "summary": "Ko Man Nok ( Thai : เกาะมันนอก , also spelled Koh Munnork ) is a small private island , among a group of islands in the Klaeng Bay , Rayong Province , Thailand , called Man . The group includes Ko Man Nai , Ko Man Klang and Ko Man Nok islands . Ko Man Nok is approximately 0.2 square kilometres ( 0.077 sq mi ) in size , and about 20 nautical miles away from Koh Samet , a 2½ hours journey from Bangkok . Ko Man Nok has only one resort , Koh Munnork Resort . Activities at the resort include kayaking , snorkeling and fishing ." } ] }, { "value": "เกาะมันนอก", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trat_Province", "summary": "Trat ( Thai : ตราด , pronounced [ tràːt ] ) is the easternmost province ( changwat ) along the Thai coast . It has borders with Chanthaburi Province to the northwest , Cambodia to the east , and the Gulf of Thailand to the south . Trat is 315 km from Bangkok . Trat is known for gemstone mining and trading ." } ] }, { "value": "Ko Chang Marine National Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ko_Chang_Marine_National_Park", "summary": "Mu Ko Chang National Park ( Thai : อุทยานแห่งชาติหมู่เกาะช้าง ) is in Trat Province , eastern Thailand . It spans several provincial districts . It is a marine national park with an area of 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) , including 52 islands . The most notable island within the archipelago is Ko Chang . Ko Chang covers an area of 212.947 km2 and is the major island in the Mu Ko Chang National Park , which became Thailand 's 45th National Park in 1982 . The park is an IUCN Category II protected area with coral reefs ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Islands in Chanthaburi and Trat Provinces", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_islands_of_Thailand_2", "intro": "This is a list of islands of Thailand." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_in_Australian_television", "title": "2003 in Australian television", "header": [ "Program", "Channel", "Debut date" ], "data": [ { "value": "Welcher & Welcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Welcher_&_Welcher", "summary": "Welcher & Welcher was an Australian sitcom written by and starring Shaun Micallef which aired on the ABC in 2003 . The show revolved around a husband and wife run law firm ." } ] }, { "value": "ABC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ABC_(Australian_TV_channel)", "summary": "ABC ( formerly known as The ABC National Television Service or ABC-TV from 1956 until 2008 , and as ABC1 from 2008 until 2014 ) is a national public television network in Australia . Launched on 5 November 1956 it is the responsibility of the ABC 's television division , and is available nationally . The ABC 's headquarters is in Ultimo , an inner-city suburb of Sydney , New South Wales ." } ] }, { "value": "6 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Skithouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skithouse", "summary": "Skithouse ( styled skitHOUSE ) was an Australian sketch comedy television series that ran on Network Ten from 9 February 2003 to 28 July 2004 . The series was produced by Roving Enterprises . It featured many well-known Australian comedians , including comedy-band Tripod . Reruns can now be seen on The Comedy Channel on Foxtel . In the UK , it is shown on the channel Paramount Comedy 2 and Trouble . The title name itself is a pun on the colloquialism shithouse . The series only ran for two seasons , before being cancelled due to a combination of dwindling ratings and the withdrawal of the cable network Foxtel as co-financier of the program 's production ." } ] }, { "value": "Network Ten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Network_Ten", "summary": "Network 10 ( commonly known as Channel 10 or simply 10 ) is an Australian commercial television network . One of five national free-to-air networks , 10 's owned-and-operated stations can be found in the state capital cities of Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth , while affiliates extend the network to regional areas of the country . The network is owned by Ten Network Holdings , which in-turn is owned by ViacomCBS . As of 2019 , Network 10 is the third rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network , the Seven Network ahead of the ABC and SBS ." } ] }, { "value": "9 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ocean Star", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ocean_Star", "summary": "Ocean Star is an Australian children 's television series that first screened on Network Ten on 10 February 2003 until 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "Network Ten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Network_Ten", "summary": "Network 10 ( commonly known as Channel 10 or simply 10 ) is an Australian commercial television network . One of five national free-to-air networks , 10 's owned-and-operated stations can be found in the state capital cities of Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth , while affiliates extend the network to regional areas of the country . The network is owned by Ten Network Holdings , which in-turn is owned by ViacomCBS . As of 2019 , Network 10 is the third rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network , the Seven Network ahead of the ABC and SBS ." } ] }, { "value": "10 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Comedy Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Comedy_Inc._(Australian_TV_series)", "summary": "Comedy Inc. was an Australian sketch comedy television series , which ran on the Nine Network from 19 February 2003 to 26 December 2007 . The series was produced by Crackerjack Productions . It first premiered in February 2003 in the new wave of Australian sketch comedy shows being launched across the free-to-air channels along with Big Bite and skitHOUSE . Since the end of the series episodes have been repeated on the Foxtel cable channel , The Comedy Channel and during 2009 , reruns were shown on Nine HD before the channel 's closure ." } ] }, { "value": "Nine Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nine_Network", "summary": "The Nine Network ( commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network , that is a division of Nine Entertainment Co. with headquarters in Willoughby , a suburb located on the North Shore of Sydney , Australia . The Nine Network is one of five main free-to-air commercial networks in Australia . As of 2019 , the Nine Network is the highest-rating television network in Australia , ahead of the Seven Network , Network 10 , ABC , and SBS . Since 2017 , the network 's slogan has been We Are the One ." } ] }, { "value": "19 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Your Life on the Lawn", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seven Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seven_Network", "summary": "The Seven Network ( commonly known as Channel Seven or simply Seven ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network . It is owned by Seven West Media Limited , and is one of five main free-to-air television networks in Australia . Channel Seven 's head office is in Sydney . As of 2019 , the Seven Network is the second-highest rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network and ahead of Network 10 , the ABC and SBS . The Seven Network is the broadcaster of popular franchises and programs , including the AFL , the Cricket , the Olympics , Sunrise , My Kitchen Rules , Big Brother Australia , The Chase Australia , Australia 's Got Talent , House Rules , Home and Away , Better Homes & Gardens and Seven News . In 2011 the Seven Network won all 40 out of 40 weeks of the ratings season for total viewers . Seven is the first to achieve this since the introduction of the OzTAM ratings system in 2001 . As of 2014 , it is the second largest network in the country in terms of population reach ." } ] }, { "value": "February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "After the Game", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Before_the_Game", "summary": "Before the Game was an Australian rules football comedy panel television show which aired on Network Ten on 1 March 2003 until 27 September 2013 . The show was hosted by Andrew Maher with regular panelists Mick Molloy , Dave Hughes , Anthony Lehmann and Neroli Meadows . The format of the show was light-hearted discussion and analysis of Australian Football League ( AFL ) news and views and included appearances by current players ." } ] }, { "value": "Network Ten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Network_Ten", "summary": "Network 10 ( commonly known as Channel 10 or simply 10 ) is an Australian commercial television network . One of five national free-to-air networks , 10 's owned-and-operated stations can be found in the state capital cities of Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth , while affiliates extend the network to regional areas of the country . The network is owned by Ten Network Holdings , which in-turn is owned by ViacomCBS . As of 2019 , Network 10 is the third rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network , the Seven Network ahead of the ABC and SBS ." } ] }, { "value": "1 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pirate Islands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pirate_Islands", "summary": "Pirate Islands is an Australian children 's television program screened on Network Ten in 2003 . The show was re-broadcast on FoxBox in 2003 . It has also screened on Nickelodeon UK in early 2008 . A sequel called Pirate Islands : The Lost Treasure of Fiji screened on Network Ten in 2007 . It has also screened on the Disney Channel Australia and on the CITV Channel in the United Kingdom . In Vietnam , it is aired on VTC9 - Let 's Viet ( Aug , Sept-2009 ) , and also screened in Spain and Portugal by Disney Channel ." } ] }, { "value": "Network Ten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Network_Ten", "summary": "Network 10 ( commonly known as Channel 10 or simply 10 ) is an Australian commercial television network . One of five national free-to-air networks , 10 's owned-and-operated stations can be found in the state capital cities of Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth , while affiliates extend the network to regional areas of the country . The network is owned by Ten Network Holdings , which in-turn is owned by ViacomCBS . As of 2019 , Network 10 is the third rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network , the Seven Network ahead of the ABC and SBS ." } ] }, { "value": "3 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Enough Rope", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Enough_Rope", "summary": "Enough Rope with Andrew Denton ( often shortened to Enough Rope ) is a television interview show originally broadcast on ABC1 in Australia . The title of the show came from the phrase give someone enough rope and they 'll hang themselves . The program was the brainchild of Australian comedian , social critic , producer and media personality Andrew Denton , who hosted the show . The hour-long chat show aired from 2003 to 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "ABC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ABC_(Australian_TV_channel)", "summary": "ABC ( formerly known as The ABC National Television Service or ABC-TV from 1956 until 2008 , and as ABC1 from 2008 until 2014 ) is a national public television network in Australia . Launched on 5 November 1956 it is the responsibility of the ABC 's television division , and is available nationally . The ABC 's headquarters is in Ultimo , an inner-city suburb of Sydney , New South Wales ." } ] }, { "value": "19 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Greeks on the Roof", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greeks_on_the_Roof", "summary": "Greeks on the Roof was an short-lived Australian television talk show and variety show that ran for 11 episodes on the Seven Network from 1 April-1 July , 2003 . It was hosted by actress/comedian Mary Coustas in character as second generation Greek Australian Effie , whom she portrayed on sitcom Acropolis Now and featured her family of Greek immigrants , ( portrayed by Maria Mercedes , Angus Sampson as cousin Dimi , Serge De Nardo , and Evelyn Krape )" } ] }, { "value": "Seven Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seven_Network", "summary": "The Seven Network ( commonly known as Channel Seven or simply Seven ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network . It is owned by Seven West Media Limited , and is one of five main free-to-air television networks in Australia . Channel Seven 's head office is in Sydney . As of 2019 , the Seven Network is the second-highest rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network and ahead of Network 10 , the ABC and SBS . The Seven Network is the broadcaster of popular franchises and programs , including the AFL , the Cricket , the Olympics , Sunrise , My Kitchen Rules , Big Brother Australia , The Chase Australia , Australia 's Got Talent , House Rules , Home and Away , Better Homes & Gardens and Seven News . In 2011 the Seven Network won all 40 out of 40 weeks of the ratings season for total viewers . Seven is the first to achieve this since the introduction of the OzTAM ratings system in 2001 . As of 2014 , it is the second largest network in the country in terms of population reach ." } ] }, { "value": "1 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Micallef Tonight", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Micallef_Tonight", "summary": "Micallef Tonight was a short-lived Aria Award-winning Australian variety show that aired on the Nine Network in 2003 . It was hosted by comedian Shaun Micallef and also featured the talents of Francis Greenslade , Jason Geary , Livinia Nixon and Pete Smith ." } ] }, { "value": "Nine Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nine_Network", "summary": "The Nine Network ( commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network , that is a division of Nine Entertainment Co. with headquarters in Willoughby , a suburb located on the North Shore of Sydney , Australia . The Nine Network is one of five main free-to-air commercial networks in Australia . As of 2019 , the Nine Network is the highest-rating television network in Australia , ahead of the Seven Network , Network 10 , ABC , and SBS . Since 2017 , the network 's slogan has been We Are the One ." } ] }, { "value": "12 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Big Bite", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_Bite", "summary": "Big Bite was an Australian sketch comedy television series , which ran on the Seven Network from 8 May 2003 to 4 March 2004 in a prime time timeslot on Thursdays . Since the end of the series episodes have been repeated on the Foxtel cable channel , The Comedy Channel and recently , reruns were shown on 7Two ." } ] }, { "value": "Seven Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seven_Network", "summary": "The Seven Network ( commonly known as Channel Seven or simply Seven ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network . It is owned by Seven West Media Limited , and is one of five main free-to-air television networks in Australia . Channel Seven 's head office is in Sydney . As of 2019 , the Seven Network is the second-highest rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network and ahead of Network 10 , the ABC and SBS . The Seven Network is the broadcaster of popular franchises and programs , including the AFL , the Cricket , the Olympics , Sunrise , My Kitchen Rules , Big Brother Australia , The Chase Australia , Australia 's Got Talent , House Rules , Home and Away , Better Homes & Gardens and Seven News . In 2011 the Seven Network won all 40 out of 40 weeks of the ratings season for total viewers . Seven is the first to achieve this since the introduction of the OzTAM ratings system in 2001 . As of 2014 , it is the second largest network in the country in terms of population reach ." } ] }, { "value": "8 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Block", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Block_(Australian_TV_series)", "summary": "The Block is an Australian reality television series broadcast on the Nine Network . The series follows four or five couples as they compete against each other to renovate and style houses/apartments and sell them at auction for the highest price . The original series first ran for two consecutive seasons in 2003 and 2004 , and was originally hosted by Jamie Durie . The Nine Network revived The Block after a six-year absence , with a third season commenced airing on 22 September 2010 , this time hosted by television personality and builder Scott Cam . Shelley Craft joined as co-host from the fourth season . The Block has a large number of commercial sponsors and prominently features brand sponsorships regularly throughout episodes ." } ] }, { "value": "Nine Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nine_Network", "summary": "The Nine Network ( commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network , that is a division of Nine Entertainment Co. with headquarters in Willoughby , a suburb located on the North Shore of Sydney , Australia . The Nine Network is one of five main free-to-air commercial networks in Australia . As of 2019 , the Nine Network is the highest-rating television network in Australia , ahead of the Seven Network , Network 10 , ABC , and SBS . Since 2017 , the network 's slogan has been We Are the One ." } ] }, { "value": "1 June", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Price Is Right", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Price_Is_Right_(Australian_game_show)", "summary": "The Price Is Right is an Australian television game show that has been produced in a number of different formats . The most recent of these formats began airing on 7 May 2012 on Seven Network . Larry Emdur , who hosted the program on two separate occasions prior to 2012 , was the presenter for the 2012 revival ." } ] }, { "value": "Nine Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nine_Network", "summary": "The Nine Network ( commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network , that is a division of Nine Entertainment Co. with headquarters in Willoughby , a suburb located on the North Shore of Sydney , Australia . The Nine Network is one of five main free-to-air commercial networks in Australia . As of 2019 , the Nine Network is the highest-rating television network in Australia , ahead of the Seven Network , Network 10 , ABC , and SBS . Since 2017 , the network 's slogan has been We Are the One ." } ] }, { "value": "23 June", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Deal or No Deal ( 2003 series )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deal_or_No_Deal_(Australian_game_show)", "summary": "Deal or No Deal was an Australian game show that aired on the Seven Network from 13 July 2003 to 4 October 2013 . It was the first international version of the game show , after the original Dutch version . It was the first of the versions to use the Deal or No Deal name . The show was recorded at the studio facilities of Global Television located in the Melbourne suburb of Southbank . The top prize of $ 200,000 was won by four contestants . Many changes were made to Deal or No Deal during its run . These included , among others , changing from a weekly format to a daily format , which resulted in the reduction of the top prize from $ 2,000,000 to $ 200,000 ; interactive features inviting home viewers to play along with Double Deal Friday ; and additional special features added to the game ( such as Double or Nothing and Super Case ) . The show included many special episodes including several hour-long prime-time specials ( such as the Psychics Special and the Unluckiest Players Special ) and the successful Dancing with the Deals which occurred in conjunction with Dancing with the Stars . The program celebrated its 1,000th episode on 8 September 2008 ; that day 's contestant won $ 43,000 . The narrator that introduced the show between 2003-2011 was Marcus Irvine , who was also the voiceover on The Weakest Link . In 2012 , Irvine was replaced by John Deeks as narrator . No new episodes were produced since 2013 , with only repeat episodes airing at 5:00 pm weeknights from October 2013 to September 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Seven Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seven_Network", "summary": "The Seven Network ( commonly known as Channel Seven or simply Seven ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network . It is owned by Seven West Media Limited , and is one of five main free-to-air television networks in Australia . Channel Seven 's head office is in Sydney . As of 2019 , the Seven Network is the second-highest rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network and ahead of Network 10 , the ABC and SBS . The Seven Network is the broadcaster of popular franchises and programs , including the AFL , the Cricket , the Olympics , Sunrise , My Kitchen Rules , Big Brother Australia , The Chase Australia , Australia 's Got Talent , House Rules , Home and Away , Better Homes & Gardens and Seven News . In 2011 the Seven Network won all 40 out of 40 weeks of the ratings season for total viewers . Seven is the first to achieve this since the introduction of the OzTAM ratings system in 2001 . As of 2014 , it is the second largest network in the country in terms of population reach ." } ] }, { "value": "13 July", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Australian Idol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australian_Idol", "summary": "Australian Idol is an Australian singing competition , which began its first season in July 2003 and ended its run in November 2009 . As part of the Idol franchise , Australian Idol originated from the reality program Pop Idol , which was created by British entertainment executive Simon Fuller . Australian Idol was televised on Network Ten for all seven series and was broadcast on the Southern Cross Austereo Radio Network between 2005 and 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Network Ten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Network_Ten", "summary": "Network 10 ( commonly known as Channel 10 or simply 10 ) is an Australian commercial television network . One of five national free-to-air networks , 10 's owned-and-operated stations can be found in the state capital cities of Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth , while affiliates extend the network to regional areas of the country . The network is owned by Ten Network Holdings , which in-turn is owned by ViacomCBS . As of 2019 , Network 10 is the third rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network , the Seven Network ahead of the ABC and SBS ." } ] }, { "value": "27 July", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CrashBurn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CrashBurn", "summary": "CrashBurn is an Australian 13-part drama series airing on Network Ten , about surviving long-term relationships in an age where multiple partners and multiple orgasms are considered a birthright . It starred Catherine McClements and Aaron Blabey as Rosie and Ben Harfield , a couple whose marriage troubles send them to a counsellor . Most of the episodes are shown in two parts : half 'He says ' ( Ben 's view of the situation ) and half 'She says ' ( Rosie 's view ) . Most of the episodes used flashbacks to an earlier part of their relationship when the trouble started . Also appearing is the couple , Candice and Richard ( played by Liz Burch and Richard Piper ) , who are also seeking counselling and run into Rosie and Ben 's lives . There are numerous problems arising in the course of the series , not least Ben 's affair with Rosie 's best friend , Abby ( Sacha Horler ) . Although the series was not a huge hit , it was noted for its fine performances ( notably Sacha Horler and Catherine McClements ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Network Ten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Network_Ten", "summary": "Network 10 ( commonly known as Channel 10 or simply 10 ) is an Australian commercial television network . One of five national free-to-air networks , 10 's owned-and-operated stations can be found in the state capital cities of Sydney , Melbourne , Brisbane , Adelaide and Perth , while affiliates extend the network to regional areas of the country . The network is owned by Ten Network Holdings , which in-turn is owned by ViacomCBS . As of 2019 , Network 10 is the third rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network , the Seven Network ahead of the ABC and SBS ." } ] }, { "value": "23 August", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Merrick and Rosso Unplanned", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Merrick_and_Rosso_Unplanned", "summary": "Merrick and Rosso Unplanned was a free-form talk show hosted by Australian comedians Merrick Watts and Tim Ross , based on the UK talk show Baddiel and Skinner Unplanned . Produced by Granada Australia , the series debuted on the Nine Network on 3 September 2003 . The show was the network television debut for the comedy duo . A highlight of the series involved comedian Scott Thomson who was dragged on stage to perform a stand up comedy routine which poked fun at Australian personalities , in particular Nikki Webster and Democrats politician Natasha Stott-Despoja . A telephone number appeared on screen at the end of the segment for viewers to call who had taken offence at Thomson 's material ." } ] }, { "value": "Nine Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nine_Network", "summary": "The Nine Network ( commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network , that is a division of Nine Entertainment Co. with headquarters in Willoughby , a suburb located on the North Shore of Sydney , Australia . The Nine Network is one of five main free-to-air commercial networks in Australia . As of 2019 , the Nine Network is the highest-rating television network in Australia , ahead of the Seven Network , Network 10 , ABC , and SBS . Since 2017 , the network 's slogan has been We Are the One ." } ] }, { "value": "3 September", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Snobs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Snobs_(TV_series)", "summary": "Snobs is an Australian children 's television series that aired from 29 September to 11 November 2003 on the Nine Network . The series is set in Eden Beach , a fictional suburb of Sydney in its northern beaches district ; and follows the story of a community of travellers known as The Ferals who decide to set up camp in the suburb , despite protest and anger from residents ." } ] }, { "value": "Nine Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nine_Network", "summary": "The Nine Network ( commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network , that is a division of Nine Entertainment Co. with headquarters in Willoughby , a suburb located on the North Shore of Sydney , Australia . The Nine Network is one of five main free-to-air commercial networks in Australia . As of 2019 , the Nine Network is the highest-rating television network in Australia , ahead of the Seven Network , Network 10 , ABC , and SBS . Since 2017 , the network 's slogan has been We Are the One ." } ] }, { "value": "29 September", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Inside Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Inside_Australia", "summary": "Inside Australia is a weekly documentary series , produced and broadcast by the Special Broadcasting Service . It premiered at 7:00 pm on Sunday 12 October 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "SBS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SBS_(Australian_TV_channel)", "summary": "SBS is a national public television network in Australia . Launched on 24 October 1980 , it is the responsibility of SBS 's television division , and is available nationally . In 2018 , SBS had a 7.9% audience share ." } ] }, { "value": "12 October", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seaside Hotel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seven Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seven_Network", "summary": "The Seven Network ( commonly known as Channel Seven or simply Seven ) is a major Australian commercial free-to-air television network . It is owned by Seven West Media Limited , and is one of five main free-to-air television networks in Australia . Channel Seven 's head office is in Sydney . As of 2019 , the Seven Network is the second-highest rated television network and primary channel in Australia , behind the Nine Network and ahead of Network 10 , the ABC and SBS . The Seven Network is the broadcaster of popular franchises and programs , including the AFL , the Cricket , the Olympics , Sunrise , My Kitchen Rules , Big Brother Australia , The Chase Australia , Australia 's Got Talent , House Rules , Home and Away , Better Homes & Gardens and Seven News . In 2011 the Seven Network won all 40 out of 40 weeks of the ratings season for total viewers . Seven is the first to achieve this since the introduction of the OzTAM ratings system in 2001 . As of 2014 , it is the second largest network in the country in terms of population reach ." } ] }, { "value": "18 October", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Debuts", "section_text": "", "uid": "2003_in_Australian_television_0", "intro": "This is a list of programs which made their premiere on an Australian television network that had previously premiered on another Australian television network. The networks involved in the switch of allegiances are predominantly both free-to-air networks or both subscription television networks. Programs that have their free-to-air/subscription television premiere, after previously premiering on the opposite platform (free-to air to subscription/subscription to free-to air) are not included. In some cases, programs may still air on the original television network. This occurs predominantly with programs shared between subscription television networks." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_National_Women's_Soccer_League_season", "title": "2014 National Women's Soccer League season", "header": [ "Team", "Head coach", "Captain", "Shirt sponsor" ], "data": [ { "value": "Boston Breakers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boston_Breakers", "summary": "The Boston Breakers was an American professional soccer club based in the Boston neighborhood of Allston . The team competed in the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) . They replaced the original Breakers , who competed in the defunct Women 's United Soccer Association , as the Boston area 's professional women 's soccer team . The Breakers played their home games at Jordan Field in Boston and were managed in their final season by Matt Beard ." } ] }, { "value": "Tom Durkin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tom_Durkin_(soccer_coach)", "summary": "Tom Durkin is an American soccer coach ." } ] }, { "value": "Cat Whitehill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cat_Whitehill", "summary": "Catherine Reddick Whitehill ( born February 10 , 1982 ) , née Catherine Anne Reddick , is an American retired professional soccer defender , who was also an assistant coach of the Boston Breakers in the NWSL . Whitehill last played for the Boston Breakers in 2015 and previously played for the Washington Freedom and the Atlanta Beat in the WPS as well as the United States women 's national soccer team from 2000 to 2010 . On November 28 , 2012 , while serving as a television commentator for a match between USA and Republic of Ireland , Whitehill expressed an interest in working her way back into the national team . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Steward Health Care", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steward_Health_Care", "summary": "Steward Health Care is the largest physician-led , private , for profit health care network in the U.S. - attending to 2.2 million people during more than twelve million physician and hospital visits annually . Headquartered in Dallas , Stewards integrated health care model employs 40,000 people at thirty six hospitals and hundreds of urgent care , skilled nursing , and primary and specialty care medical practice locations across eleven states and the country of Malta . Steward Health Care is led by CEO Ralph de la Torre , MD , a Cuban-American physician , engineer and cardiac surgeon ." } ] }, { "value": "Chicago Red Stars", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chicago_Red_Stars", "summary": "The Chicago Red Stars is a women 's professional soccer club based in Chicago , Illinois , who compete in the National Women 's Soccer League and play their home games in SeatGeek Stadium . The team was a founding member of Women 's Professional Soccer , and played in the league in 2009 and 2010 . After leaving the WPS in December 2010 , due to financial issues , the team reorganized and joined the Women 's Premier Soccer League for the 2011 season . In 2012 , the team co-founded and competed in Women 's Premier Soccer League Elite , the single year this league existed . In the fall of 2012 the Red Stars with the Boston Breakers and US Soccer , attracted 6 other teams and founded the National Women 's Soccer League . Since 2013 the team has been competing in the National Women 's Soccer League . From 2015-2019 the Chicago Red Stars have made the playoffs of the NWSL and are the first and only team to do so for five consecutive years ." } ] }, { "value": "Rory Dames", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rory_Dames", "summary": "Rory Dames is an American soccer manager and currently head coach of the Chicago Red Stars ." } ] }, { "value": "Lori Chalupny", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lori_Chalupny", "summary": "Lori Christine Chalupny ( born January 29 , 1984 ) is a former American soccer defender who last played for the Chicago Red Stars and the United States women 's national soccer team . She is a gold medalist from 2008 Beijing Olympics , and a bronze medalist in 2007 FIFA Women 's World Cup hosted by China . She was also on the roster of the United States national soccer team for the 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup in Canada . She is the current head woman 's soccer coach of Maryville University in St. Louis ." } ] }, { "value": "CJ Wilson Mazda", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Houston Dash", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Houston_Dash", "summary": "The Houston Dash is a professional women 's soccer team based in Houston , Texas . They joined the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) in the 2014 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Randy Waldrum", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Randy_Waldrum", "summary": "Randy Jordan Waldrum ( born September 25 , 1956 in Irving , Texas ) is a former professional and collegiate soccer head coach , and the appointed head coach of the University of Pittsburgh women 's soccer team on December 19 , 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "Erin McLeod", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Erin_McLeod", "summary": "Erin Katrina McLeod ( born February 26 , 1983 ) is a Canadian soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for NWSL club Orlando Pride and has represented Canada internationally . She first appeared for the Canada women 's national soccer team at the 2002 Algarve Cup and has since made 118 appearances for the team . In 2012 , as part of the Canadian Soccer Association 's Centennial Celebration , she was honoured on the All-Time Canada XI women 's team . McLeod has represented Canada in three FIFA Women 's World Cups : 2007 in China , 2011 in Germany and 2015 in Canada . She has played in two Olympic tournaments : 2008 in Beijing and 2012 in London where she helped Canada win the bronze medal . Before joining FC Rosengård in 2015 , she played professional soccer for the Vancouver Whitecaps , Washington Freedom , Dalsjöfors GoIF , Chicago Red Stars , and Houston Dash . She played collegiate soccer for the Southern Methodist University Mustangs as well as the Penn State Nittany Lions where she set several all-time records . McLeod 's most notable and controversial appearance came during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . In the semi-final match against the United States on August 6 , the referee ruled that McLeod had broken the six-second handling rule in the 76th minute , when Canada was leading 3-2 . A free kick was given to the United States which resulted in a penalty being called on Canadian player Marie-Ève Nault after the ball struck her in the arm . The United States was given a penalty kick , which McLeod did not save . The United States ultimately won the game in overtime , eliminating Canada 's chance for the gold medal ." } ] }, { "value": "BBVA Compass", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBVA_Compass", "summary": "BBVA USA ( formerly BBVA Compass ) is a bank holding company headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . It has been a subsidiary of the Spanish multinational Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria since 2007 and operates chiefly in Alabama , Arizona , California , Colorado , Florida , New Mexico , and Texas . The company is the 30th largest bank in the United States . BBVA USA holds naming rights to BBVA Stadium , a soccer venue in Houston , Texas . From 2011 to 2014 , BBVA USA was the title sponsor of the Birmingham Bowl ( then called the BBVA Compass Bowl ) , a college football bowl game played annually in Birmingham ." } ] }, { "value": "FC Kansas City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Kansas_City", "summary": "FC Kansas City was an American professional women 's soccer club based in Kansas City , Missouri . The team was one of the eight founding clubs of the National Women 's Soccer League in 2012 , and began play in 2013 . They were two-time NWSL champions , having won titles in 2014 and 2015 . After the 2017 season , the NWSL re-acquired owner Elam Baer 's membership interest and subsequently ceased the team 's operations ." } ] }, { "value": "Vlatko Andonovski", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vlatko_Andonovski", "summary": "Vlatko Andonovski ( Macedonian : Влатко Андоновски ; born September 14 , 1976 ) is a Macedonian-American soccer coach and former player . He is currently the head coach of the United States women 's national team . Andonovski previously coached FC Kansas City and Reign FC of the National Women 's Soccer League , as well as the Kansas City Comets in the Major Arena Soccer League ." } ] }, { "value": "Becky Sauerbrunn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Becky_Sauerbrunn", "summary": "Rebecca Elizabeth Sauerbrunn ( born June 6 , 1985 ) is an American soccer player for the Utah Royals FC of the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) , the highest division of women 's professional soccer in the United States , and the United States women 's national soccer team . She first appeared for the United States national team at the 2008 Four Nations Tournament during a match against Canada on January 16 . She has since made 174 total appearances for the team . Sauerbrunn has represented the United States at three FIFA Women 's World Cups : 2011 in Germany , 2015 in Canada , and 2019 in France . She made one appearance during the 2011 FIFA Women 's World Cup , playing during the semifinal match , a 3-1 win against France . She was a starting player for the United States at the 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup , playing every minute of all seven matches for the team . She has also represented the United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and made three appearances during the tournament , including the semifinal and gold medal matches . On July 14 , 2016 , she was named to the team that would represent the United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Before joining FC Kansas City in 2013 , she played professional soccer for the Washington Freedom , Røa IL , magicJack , and D.C. United Women . While with FC Kansas City , she was won two NWSL Championships and has been awarded NWSL Defender of the Year every year since the league 's development . Before playing professional soccer , she played collegiate soccer for the University of Virginia Cavaliers and played every game in her four seasons with the team . As of 2018 , Sauerbrunn is captain of Utah Royals FC ." } ] }, { "value": "Research Medical Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Research_Medical_Center", "summary": "Research Medical Center is a 590-bed hospital located in Kansas City , Missouri at 2316 East Meyer Boulevard . It is part of the HCA Midwest Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Portland Thorns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Portland_Thorns", "summary": "The Portland Thorns FC is an American professional women 's soccer team based in Portland , Oregon . Established in 2012 , the team began play in 2013 in the then-eight-team National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) , which receives support from the United States Soccer Federation ( USSF ) , the Canadian Soccer Association ( CSA ) , and formerly the Mexican Football Federation ( FMF ) . The Portland franchise is owned by Peregrine Sports LLC , which also owns the Portland Timbers . The Thorns , the Houston Dash , the Orlando Pride , and the Utah Royals are other NWSL teams with Major League Soccer affiliations . In its inaugural season , the Portland Thorns FC placed third during the regular season and , in the playoffs , won the first NWSL championship . The club won the NWSL Shield in 2016 and a second NWSL Championship in 2017 . The Thorns have had the highest average attendance in the league in each of their first seven seasons , and set a league attendance record of 25,218 at an August 11 , 2019 match against the North Carolina Courage ." } ] }, { "value": "Paul Riley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paul_Riley_(English_footballer)", "summary": "Paul Riley ( born 23 September 1963 ) is an English association football ( soccer ) manager who is currently head coach of North Carolina Courage in the National Women 's Soccer League . He spent his entire professional playing career in American leagues , including the American Professional Soccer League and the USISL ." } ] }, { "value": "Christine Sinclair", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christine_Sinclair", "summary": "Christine Margaret Sinclair , OC ( born June 12 , 1983 ) is a Canadian soccer player and captain of the Canadian national team . She plays professionally for the Portland Thorns FC in the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) and previously played for FC Gold Pride and Western New York Flash in the Women 's Professional Soccer ( WPS ) . A CONCACAF champion , two-time Olympic bronze medalist and 14-time winner of the Canada Soccer Player of the Year award , Sinclair is the world 's all-time leader for international goals scored for men or women with 186 goals , and is the most-capped active international footballer with 293 caps . She is also the second footballer of either gender to score at five World Cup editions , preceded by Marta . Having played over 20 seasons with the senior national team , Sinclair has played in five FIFA Women 's World Cups ( USA 2003 , China 2007 , Germany 2011 , Canada 2015 , France 2019 ) and three Olympic Football Tournaments ( Beijing 2008 , London 2012 , Rio 2016 ) . She has been shortlisted for FIFA World Player of the Year seven times , in 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2012 , and 2016 . Sinclair has won championships with three professional teams : the 2010 WPS Championship with FC Gold Pride , the 2011 WPS Championship with Western New York Flash , and the 2013 and 2017 NWSL Championships with Portland Thorns FC . She won the national collegiate Division I championship twice , in 2002 and 2005 , with the University of Portland . In 2012 , she won the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada 's athlete of the year , and the Bobbie Rosenfeld Award as Canada 's female athlete of the year . In September 2013 , Sinclair was inducted into Canada 's Walk of Fame and in June 2017 , she was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston . In December 2019 , she was named the Canada Soccer 's Player of the Decade by the Canadian Soccer Association ." } ] }, { "value": "Providence Health & Services", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Providence_Health_&_Services", "summary": "Providence Health & Services is a non-profit Catholic health care system operating multiple hospitals across 6 states , with headquarters in Renton , Washington . The health system includes 51 hospitals , more than 800 non-acute facilities and numerous other health , supportive housing and educational services in the states of the United States West Coast ( Alaska , Washington , Oregon , and California ) and Montana , New Mexico , and Texas . Providence Health & Services was started by the Sisters of Providence ( Montreal , Quebec ) in 1859 ." } ] }, { "value": "Seattle Reign FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seattle_Reign_FC", "summary": "Reign FC is an American professional women 's soccer team based in Tacoma , Washington . Founded by Bill and Teresa Predmore in 2012 as Seattle Reign FC , it was one of eight inaugural members of the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) . OL Groupe [ fr ] , the parent company of French clubs Olympique Lyonnais and Olympique Lyonnais Féminin , became the team 's majority owner in January 2020 . Laura Harvey was the team 's first head coach and led the team to two consecutive NWSL Shield wins in 2014 and 2015 . The Reign play their home matches at Cheney Stadium . The club previously played at Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila ( 2013 ) and at Memorial Stadium in Seattle ( 2014-18 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Laura Harvey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laura_Harvey", "summary": "Laura Harvey ( born 15 May 1980 ) is an English professional women 's football coach and former player . Currently the head coach of United States women 's national under-20 soccer team , she previously managed Utah Royals FC , Seattle Reign FC , Arsenal , and Birmingham City . She was also involved with the youth set-up of England . Harvey was named FAWSL Coach of the Year in 2011 after guiding Arsenal to win the league title , FA Cup , and Continental Cup . She was named NWSL Coach of the Year in 2014 and 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Keelin Winters", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keelin_Winters", "summary": "Keelin Winters ( born December 9 , 1988 ) is an American retired soccer defensive midfielder who last played for the Seattle Reign FC of the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) , a team she captained to two consecutive NWSL Shield wins . She previously played for 1 . FFC Turbine Potsdam in the Frauen-Bundesliga , Boston Breakers in Women 's Professional Soccer , the Seattle Sounders of the American USL W-League , and Western Sydney Wanderers in the Australian W-League With Turbine Potsdam , she competed in three games of the 2012-13 UEFA Women 's Champions League helping lift the team to the Round of 16 . She played collegiate soccer for the University of Portland and was named West Coast Conference ( WCC ) Player of the Year in 2010 . Winters represented the United States on the U-20 and U-23 national teams . She was a member of the senior national team 's player pool and was allocated by U.S. Soccer during the NWSL Player Allocation , but did not play during an official international match . In 2008 , Winters captained the U-20 team to win gold at the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women 's World Cup in Chile and scored the game-winning goal in the quarterfinal match against England ." } ] }, { "value": "Moda Health", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Moda_Health", "summary": "Moda Health ( formerly ODS Health ) is a health insurance company based in Portland , Oregon . The company provides medical and dental insurance in Oregon and Alaska ( and in Washington state before 2016 ) . The Moda Center , a sports arena that is home to the Portland Trail Blazers ; and Moda Tower , the tenth-tallest building in Portland ; are both named after the company . Moda Health is a member of Delta Dental ." } ] }, { "value": "Sky Blue FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sky_Blue_FC", "summary": "Sky Blue FC is a professional soccer team based in Harrison , New Jersey , which has participated in the National Women 's Soccer League since 2013 . From 2009 to 2011 , the team played in Women 's Professional Soccer ( WPS ) . Sky Blue FC is part of the larger Sky Blue Soccer organization , based in Somerset County , New Jersey , an integrated program that allows players to progress in soccer from a young age with an opportunity for long-term growth ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Gabarra", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jim_Gabarra", "summary": "Jim Gabarra ( born September 22 , 1959 ) is a retired American soccer forward who coached the Washington Spirit National Women 's Soccer League team , and previously coached Sky Blue FC and the Washington Freedom women 's soccer teams . He played professionally in the American Soccer League , United Soccer League , American Indoor Soccer Association , Major Indoor Soccer League and Western Soccer Alliance ." } ] }, { "value": "Christie Rampone", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christie_Rampone", "summary": "Christie Patricia Pearce ( formerly Rampone ; born June 24 , 1975 ) is an American professional soccer defender . She is the former captain of the United States women 's national soccer team . Pearce is a 3-time Olympic gold medalist , and also a 2-time FIFA Women 's World Cup champion . Pearce has played in five FIFA Women 's World Cup finals and four Olympics women 's football tournaments . She is a 1999 and 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup champion , and a three-time gold medalist having won championship titles at the 2004 Athens Olympics , 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2012 London Olympics . She has finished no lower than third place in each of the World Cup or Olympic tournaments in which she has competed . Pearce played in the W-League from 1997 through 1998 . She played in two American professional leagues the entire time they were in operation ; from 2001 through 2003 in the WUSA and from 2009 through 2011 in the WPS . In 2009 , while playing for Sky Blue FC , she simultaneously served as coach of the club while winning the 2009 Women 's Professional Soccer Playoffs , and was named WPS Sportswoman of the Year . Pearce was the oldest player to appear in a FIFA Women 's World Cup game ( at age 40 ) until Formiga competed in the 2019 FIFA Women 's World Cup at the age of 41 . With 311 caps , Pearce is also the second-most capped player , male or female , in U.S. and world history , after Kristine Lilly ." } ] }, { "value": "Meridian Health", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washington Spirit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington_Spirit", "summary": "The Washington Spirit is an American professional soccer club based in Washington metropolitan area that participates in the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) . It is a continuation of the D.C. United Women of the W-League and continues to field both an amateur WPSL team and a youth team , both under the Spirit name . The Spirit is coached by Richie Burke ." } ] }, { "value": "Mark Parsons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Parsons", "summary": "Mark Parsons ( born 8 August 1986 ) is an English-American soccer manager and currently the head coach of the Portland Thorns in the National Women 's Soccer League ." } ] }, { "value": "Ali Krieger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ali_Krieger", "summary": "Alexandra Blaire Krieger ( born July 28 , 1984 ) is an American soccer player for the Orlando Pride of the National Women 's Soccer League ( NWSL ) , the highest division of women 's professional soccer in the United States , and the United States women 's national soccer team . She first appeared for the United States national team at the 2008 Four Nations Tournament during a match against Canada on January 16 , 2008 . She has since made more than 100 total appearances for the team . Krieger has represented the United States at three FIFA Women 's World Cups : 2011 in Germany , 2015 in Canada , and 2019 in France . She was part of the defense that held opponents scoreless for a record 540 minutes and helped lead the United States to become 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup champions . She started in all seven matches for the United States in the 2015 tournament , and she played every minute of all six United States matches at the 2011 FIFA Women 's World Cup . In 2012 , Krieger sustained a serious knee injury during the 2012 CONCACAF Women 's Olympic Qualifying tournament and did not recover in time to be selected to the 2012 Olympic Team . After persevering , Krieger was named to her first Olympic team four years later and participated in the 2016 Rio Olympics . She became the oldest first time US Olympian for women 's soccer . Before joining the Orlando Pride in 2016 , Krieger played professional soccer for the Washington Freedom , 1 . FFC Frankfurt of Germany 's Frauen-Bundesliga , Tyresö FF of Sweden 's Damallsvenskan and Washington Spirit . During her five years with FFC Frankfurt , she won the UEFA Women 's Champions League and was the only player on the United States women 's national team that played overseas ." } ] }, { "value": "ProChain Solutions , Inc", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Western New York Flash", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_New_York_Flash", "summary": "The Western New York Flash ( WNY Flash ) was an American soccer club based in Elma , New York that competed in the United Women 's Soccer league . They have won league championships in four different leagues : the USL W-League in 2010 , Women 's Professional Soccer in 2011 , Women 's Premier Soccer League Elite in 2012 , and the National Women 's Soccer League in 2016 . The team was founded in 2008 as the Buffalo Flash and played in the USL W-League from 2008-2010 . In 2011 , the team became the Western New York Flash and joined Women 's Professional Soccer ( WPS ) , its only season in the league . In 2012 , the team was a member of Women 's Premier Soccer League Elite ( WPSL-E ) following the folding of the WPS . The Flash won three consecutive league championships from 2010 to 2012 under head coach Aaran Lines : W-League in 2010 , WPS in 2011 , and WPSL-E in 2012 . The Flash reached the inaugural NWSL Championship during the 2013 season , but fell to the Portland Thorns FC while searching for their fourth-straight title . In 2016 , the team won the NWSL Championship for the first and only time . The team is owned by the Sahlen family , who run the Sahlen 's meat packing company in Buffalo . Joe Sahlen is the team 's owner . His daughter , Alex Sahlen , is the team President and a former defender on the team ." } ] }, { "value": "Aaran Lines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aaran_Lines", "summary": "Aaran Franklyn Lines ( born 21 December 1976 ) is a retired New Zealand association football player and former head coach of the Western New York Flash . He has represented New Zealand at international level ." } ] }, { "value": "Abby Wambach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abby_Wambach", "summary": "Mary Abigail Wambach ( born June 2 , 1980 ) is an American retired soccer player , coach , two-time Olympic gold medalist , a FIFA Women 's World Cup champion and a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame . A six-time winner of the U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year award , Wambach was a regular on the U.S. women 's national soccer team from 2003 to 2015 , earning her first cap in 2001 . As a forward , she currently stands as the highest all-time goal scorer for the national team and is second in international goals for both female and male soccer players with 184 goals , behind Canadian Christine Sinclair . Wambach was awarded the 2012 FIFA World Player of the Year , becoming the first American woman to win the award in ten years . She was included on the 2015 Time 100 list as one of the most influential people in the world . Wambach competed in four FIFA Women 's World Cup tournaments : 2003 in the United States , 2007 in China , 2011 in Germany , and 2015 in Canada , being champion of the last edition ; and two Olympics tournaments : 2004 in Athens and 2012 in London , winning the gold medal on both . All together , she played in 29 matches and scored 22 goals at these five international tournaments . She played college soccer for the Florida Gators women 's soccer team and helped the team win its first NCAA Division I Women 's Soccer Championship . She played at the professional level for Washington Freedom , magicJack , and the Western New York Flash . Known for scoring goals with diving headers , a technique she began honing as a youth in her hometown of Rochester , New York , one of her most notable header goals occurred in the 122nd minute of the 2011 FIFA Women 's World Cup quarterfinal match against Brazil . Wambach scored the equalizer in stoppage time helping the Americans to eventually progress to the championship final against Japan after defeating Brazil in penalty kicks . Her last-minute goal set a new record for latest goal ever scored in a match and was awarded ESPN 's 2011 ESPY Award for Best Play of the Year ." } ] }, { "value": "Sahlen 's", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sahlen's", "summary": "Sahlen Packing Company Inc. or Sahlen 's , is an American meat packing company headquartered in Buffalo , New York . The company was founded by Joseph Sahlen in 1869 using one guiding principle , use only the freshest and highest quality meat products available . Since then , Sahlen 's has grown from its humble beginnings and can now be found in over 30 states across the US . Sahlen 's specializes in deli meats ( ham turkey , chicken , hot ham ) and hot dogs and sausages . Celebrating 150 years of operation in 2019 , this 4th Generation family run business continues the pledge of the founding member . Operating a state of the art facility with over 100,000 total sq ft , 10 smokehouses , multiple production lines , innovative products and a high pressure processing facility , which ensures the highest safety standards in the industry ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Teams , stadia , and personnel -- Personnel and sponsorship", "section_text": "", "uid": "2014_National_Women's_Soccer_League_season_0", "intro": "The 2014 National Women's Soccer League season is the second season of the National Women's Soccer League, the top division of women's soccer in the United States. Including the NWSL's two professional predecessors, Women's Professional Soccer (2009-2011) and the Women's United Soccer Association (2001-2003), this is the eighth overall season of FIFA and USSF-sanctioned top division women's soccer in the United States. The league is operated by the United States Soccer Federation and receives major financial backing from that body. Further financial backing is expected to be provided by the Canadian Soccer Association and the Mexican Football Federation. All three national federations pay the league salaries of many of their respective national team members in an effort to nurture talent in those nations. The regular season began the weekend of April 12-13 and ended August 20, with the championship game played on August 30. FC Kansas City defeated the Shield winners Seattle Reign FC 2-1 to win the NWSL title. The league had announced it would not expand for the 2014 season and was not expected to contract. However, after a push from the Houston Dynamo, the league approved the expansion of the Houston Dash." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_yield", "title": "Nuclear weapon yield", "header": [ "Date", "Name", "Yield ( kt )", "Country", "Significance" ], "data": [ { "value": "1945-07-16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trinity", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trinity_test", "summary": "Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear device . It was conducted by the United States Army at 5:29 a.m. on July 16 , 1945 , as part of the Manhattan Project . The test was conducted in the Jornada del Muerto desert about 35 miles ( 56 km ) southeast of Socorro , New Mexico , on what was then the USAAF Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range , now part of White Sands Missile Range . The only structures originally in the vicinity were the McDonald Ranch House and its ancillary buildings , which scientists used as a laboratory for testing bomb components . A base camp was constructed , and there were 425 people present on the weekend of the test . The code name Trinity was assigned by J. Robert Oppenheimer , the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory , inspired by the poetry of John Donne . The test was of an implosion-design plutonium device , informally nicknamed The Gadget , of the same design as the Fat Man bomb later detonated over Nagasaki , Japan , on August 9 , 1945 . The complexity of the design required a major effort from the Los Alamos Laboratory , and concerns about whether it would work led to a decision to conduct the first nuclear test . The test was planned and directed by Kenneth Bainbridge . Fears of a fizzle led to the construction of a steel containment vessel called Jumbo that could contain the plutonium , allowing it to be recovered , but Jumbo was not used . A rehearsal was held on May 7 , 1945 , in which 108 short tons ( 96 long tons ; 98 t ) of high explosive spiked with radioactive isotopes were detonated . The Gadget 's detonation released the explosive energy of about 22 kilotons of TNT ( 92 TJ ) ." } ] }, { "value": "18-20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States", "summary": "The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat , with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II . Before and during the Cold War , it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems . [ Note 1 ] Between 1940 and 1996 , the U.S. government spent at least $ 9.49 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons , including platforms development ( aircraft , rockets and facilities ) , command and control , maintenance , waste management and administrative costs . It is estimated that , since 1945 , the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads , which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined . The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949 , France built 1,110 warheads since 1960 , the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952 , China built about 600 warheads since 1964 , and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons . Until November 1962 , the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground . After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , all testing was relegated underground , in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout . By 1998 at least $ 759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing . By February 2006 over $ 1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program . [ citation needed ] The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads ; together , these two nations possess more than 90% of the world 's nuclear warheads . As of 2019 , the U.S. has an inventory of 6,185 nuclear warheads ; of these , 2,385 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and 3,800 are part of the U.S. stockpile . Of the stockpiled warheads , the U.S. stated in its March 2019 New START declaration that 1,365 are deployed on 656 ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ." } ] }, { "value": "First fission device test , first plutonium implosion detonation", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1945-08-06", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Little Boy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Little_Boy", "summary": "Little Boy was the codename for the type of atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II . It was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare . The bomb was dropped by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets , Jr. , commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces and Captain Robert A. Lewis . It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT ( 63 TJ ) and caused widespread death and destruction throughout the city . The Hiroshima bombing was the second man-made nuclear explosion in history , after the Trinity test . Little Boy was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch 's group at the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II , a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb . Like Thin Man , it was a gun-type fission weapon , but it derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium-235 , whereas Thin Man was based on fission of plutonium-239 . Fission was accomplished by shooting a hollow cylinder of enriched uranium ( the bullet ) onto a solid cylinder of the same material ( the target ) by means of a charge of nitrocellulose propellant powder . It contained 64 kg ( 141 lb ) of enriched uranium , although less than a kilogram underwent nuclear fission . Its components were fabricated at three different plants so that no one would have a copy of the complete design . After the war ended , it was not expected that the inefficient Little Boy design would ever again be required , and many plans and diagrams were destroyed . However , by mid-1946 , the Hanford Site reactors began suffering badly from the Wigner effect , the dislocation of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation , and plutonium became scarce , so six Little Boy assemblies were produced at Sandia Base ." } ] }, { "value": "12-18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States", "summary": "The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat , with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II . Before and during the Cold War , it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems . [ Note 1 ] Between 1940 and 1996 , the U.S. government spent at least $ 9.49 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons , including platforms development ( aircraft , rockets and facilities ) , command and control , maintenance , waste management and administrative costs . It is estimated that , since 1945 , the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads , which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined . The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949 , France built 1,110 warheads since 1960 , the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952 , China built about 600 warheads since 1964 , and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons . Until November 1962 , the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground . After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , all testing was relegated underground , in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout . By 1998 at least $ 759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing . By February 2006 over $ 1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program . [ citation needed ] The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads ; together , these two nations possess more than 90% of the world 's nuclear warheads . As of 2019 , the U.S. has an inventory of 6,185 nuclear warheads ; of these , 2,385 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and 3,800 are part of the U.S. stockpile . Of the stockpiled warheads , the U.S. stated in its March 2019 New START declaration that 1,365 are deployed on 656 ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ." } ] }, { "value": "Bombing of Hiroshima , Japan , first detonation of a uranium gun-type device , first use of a nuclear device in combat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki", "summary": "The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 , 1945 , respectively , with the consent of the United Kingdom , as required by the Quebec Agreement . The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people , most of whom were civilians , and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict . In the final year of World War II , the Allies prepared for a very costly invasion of the Japanese mainland . This undertaking was preceded by a conventional and firebombing campaign which devastated 67 Japanese cities . The war in Europe had concluded when Germany signed its instrument of surrender on May 8 , 1945 , and the Allies turned their full attention to the Pacific theater . The Allies called for the unconditional surrender of the Imperial Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26 , 1945 , the alternative being prompt and utter destruction . Japan ignored the ultimatum and the war continued . By August 1945 , the Allies ' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bombs , and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands . The Allies issued orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities on July 25 . On August 6 , one of the modified B-29s dropped a uranium gun-type bomb ( Little Boy ) on Hiroshima . Another B-29 dropped a plutonium implosion bomb ( Fat Man ) on Nagasaki three days later . The bombs immediately devastated their targets ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hiroshima", "summary": "Hiroshima ( 広島市 , Hiroshima-shi , /ˌhɪroʊˈʃiːmə/ , also UK : /hɪˈrɒʃɪmə/ , US : /hɪˈroʊʃɪmə/ , Japanese : [ çiɾoɕima ] ) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan . As of June 1 , 2019 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 2.089 million . The gross domestic product ( GDP ) in Greater Hiroshima , Hiroshima Urban Employment Area , was US $ 61.3 billion as of 2010 . Kazumi Matsui has been the city 's mayor since April 2011 . Hiroshima was founded in 1589 as a castle town on the Ōta River delta . Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868 , Hiroshima rapidly transformed into a major urban center and industrial hub . In 1889 , Hiroshima officially gained city status . The city was a center of military activities during the imperial era , playing significant roles such as the First Sino-Japanese War , the Russo-Japanese War , and the two world wars . Towards the end of World War II , Hiroshima is best remembered as the first city targeted by a nuclear weapon , when the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) dropped an atomic bomb on the city at 8:15 a.m. on August 6 , 1945 . Most of the city was destroyed , and by the end of the year 90,000-166,000 had died as a result of the blast and its effects . The Hiroshima Peace Memorial ( a UNESCO World Heritage Site ) serves as a memorial of the bombing . Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Japan", "summary": "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1945-08-09", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fat Man", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fat_Man", "summary": "Fat Man was the codename for the nuclear bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on 9 August 1945 . It was the second of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in warfare , the first being Little Boy , and its detonation marked the third nuclear explosion in history . It was built by scientists and engineers at Los Alamos Laboratory using plutonium from the Hanford Site , and it was dropped from the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Bockscar piloted by Major Charles Sweeney . The name Fat Man refers to the early design of the bomb because it had a wide , round shape ; it was also known as the Mark III . Fat Man was an implosion-type nuclear weapon with a solid plutonium core . The first of that type to be detonated was the Gadget in the Trinity nuclear test less than a month earlier on 16 July at the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range in New Mexico . Two more were detonated during the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll in 1946 , and some 120 were produced between 1947 and 1949 , when it was superseded by the Mark 4 nuclear bomb . The Fat Man was retired in 1950 ." } ] }, { "value": "18-23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States", "summary": "The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat , with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II . Before and during the Cold War , it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems . [ Note 1 ] Between 1940 and 1996 , the U.S. government spent at least $ 9.49 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons , including platforms development ( aircraft , rockets and facilities ) , command and control , maintenance , waste management and administrative costs . It is estimated that , since 1945 , the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads , which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined . The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949 , France built 1,110 warheads since 1960 , the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952 , China built about 600 warheads since 1964 , and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons . Until November 1962 , the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground . After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , all testing was relegated underground , in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout . By 1998 at least $ 759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing . By February 2006 over $ 1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program . [ citation needed ] The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads ; together , these two nations possess more than 90% of the world 's nuclear warheads . As of 2019 , the U.S. has an inventory of 6,185 nuclear warheads ; of these , 2,385 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and 3,800 are part of the U.S. stockpile . Of the stockpiled warheads , the U.S. stated in its March 2019 New START declaration that 1,365 are deployed on 656 ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ." } ] }, { "value": "Bombing of Nagasaki , Japan , second detonation of a plutonium implosion device ( the first being the Trinity Test ) , second and last use of a nuclear device in combat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki", "summary": "The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 , 1945 , respectively , with the consent of the United Kingdom , as required by the Quebec Agreement . The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people , most of whom were civilians , and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict . In the final year of World War II , the Allies prepared for a very costly invasion of the Japanese mainland . This undertaking was preceded by a conventional and firebombing campaign which devastated 67 Japanese cities . The war in Europe had concluded when Germany signed its instrument of surrender on May 8 , 1945 , and the Allies turned their full attention to the Pacific theater . The Allies called for the unconditional surrender of the Imperial Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26 , 1945 , the alternative being prompt and utter destruction . Japan ignored the ultimatum and the war continued . By August 1945 , the Allies ' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bombs , and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands . The Allies issued orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities on July 25 . On August 6 , one of the modified B-29s dropped a uranium gun-type bomb ( Little Boy ) on Hiroshima . Another B-29 dropped a plutonium implosion bomb ( Fat Man ) on Nagasaki three days later . The bombs immediately devastated their targets ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki", "summary": "Nagasaki ( Japanese : 長崎 , Long Cape ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan . It became the sole port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during the 16th through 19th centuries and the Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region have been recognized and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List . Part of Nagasaki was home to a major Imperial Japanese Navy base during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War . During World War II , the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and , to date , last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack ( at 11:02 am , August 9 , 1945 'Japan Standard Time ( UTC+9 ) ' ) . As of 1 June 2019 [ update ] , the city has an estimated population of 412,643 and a population density of 1,017 people per km² . The total area is 405.86 km2 ( 156.70 sq mi ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Japan", "summary": "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1949-08-29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RDS-1", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RDS-1", "summary": "The RDS-1 ( Russian : РДС-1 ) , also known as Izdeliye 501 ( device 501 ) and First Lightning ( Russian : Пе́рвая мо́лния , tr . Pérvaya mólniya , IPA : [ pʲˈervəjə mˈolnʲɪjə ] ) , was the nuclear bomb used in the Soviet Union 's first nuclear weapon test . The United States assigned it the code-name Joe-1 , in reference to Joseph Stalin . It was detonated on 29 August 1949 at 7:00 a.m. , at Semipalatinsk , Kazakh SSR , after top-secret research and development as part of the Soviet atomic bomb project ." } ] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USSR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project", "summary": "The Soviet atomic bomb project ( Russian : Советский проект атомной бомбы , Sovetskiy proyekt atomnoy bomby ) was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during World War II . Although the Soviet scientific community discussed the possibility of an atomic bomb throughout the 1930s , going as far as making a concrete proposal to develop such a weapon in 1940 , the full-scale program was initiated during World War II . Because of the conspicuous silence of the scientific publications on the subject of nuclear fission by German , American , and British scientists , Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov suspected that the Allied powers had secretly been developing a superweapon since 1939 . Flyorov wrote a letter to Stalin urging him to start this program in 1942.:78-79 Initial efforts were slowed due to the German invasion of the Soviet Union and remained largely composed of the intelligence knowledge gained from the Soviet spy rings working in the U.S. Manhattan Project . After Stalin learned of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , the program was pursued aggressively and accelerated through effective intelligence gathering about the German nuclear weapon project and the American Manhattan Project . The Soviet efforts also rounded up captured German scientists to join their program , and relied heavily on knowledge passed by spies to Soviet intelligence agencies . :242-243 On 29 August 1949 , the Soviet Union secretly conducted its first successful weapon test ( First Lightning , based on the American Fat Man design ) at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan ." } ] }, { "value": "First fission weapon test by the USSR", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1952-10-03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hurricane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Operation_Hurricane", "summary": "Operation Hurricane was the first test of a British atomic device . A plutonium implosion device was detonated on 3 October 1952 in the lagoon in the Monte Bello Islands in Western Australia . With the success of Operation Hurricane , Britain became the third nuclear power after the United States and the Soviet Union . During the Second World War , Britain commenced a nuclear weapons project , known as Tube Alloys , but the 1943 Quebec Agreement merged it with the American Manhattan Project . Several key British scientists worked on the Manhattan Project , but after the war the Americans ended cooperation on nuclear weapons . In January 1947 , a cabinet sub-committee decided , in response to an apprehension of American isolationism and fears of Britain losing its great power status , to resume British efforts to build nuclear weapons . The project was called High Explosive Research , and was directed by Lord Portal , with William Penney in charge of bomb design . Implicit in the decision to develop atomic bombs was the need to test them . The preferred site was the Pacific Proving Grounds in the US-controlled Marshall Islands . As a fallback , sites in Canada and Australia were considered . The Admiralty suggested that the Monte Bello Islands might be suitable , so the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Clement Attlee , sent a request to the Prime Minister of Australia , Robert Menzies . The Australian government formally agreed to the islands being used as a nuclear test site in May 1951 ." } ] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom was the third country ( after the United States and the Soviet Union ) to develop and test nuclear weapons , and is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons . The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme , codenamed Tube Alloys , during the Second World War . At the Quebec Conference in August 1943 , it was merged with the American Manhattan Project . The British contribution to the Manhattan Project saw British scientists participate in most of its work . The British government considered nuclear weapons to be a joint discovery , but the American Atomic Energy Act of 1946 ( McMahon Act ) restricted other countries , including the UK , from access to information about nuclear weapons . Fearing the loss of Britain 's great power status , the UK resumed its own project , now codenamed High Explosive Research . On 3 October 1952 , it detonated an atomic bomb in the Monte Bello Islands of Western Australia in Operation Hurricane . Eleven more British nuclear weapons tests in Australia were carried out over the following decade , including seven British nuclear tests at Maralinga in 1956 and 1957 . The British hydrogen bomb programme demonstrated Britain 's ability to produce thermonuclear weapons in the Operation Grapple nuclear tests in the Pacific , and led to the amendment of the McMahon Act . Since the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement , the US and the UK have cooperated extensively on nuclear security matters . The nuclear Special Relationship between the two countries has involved the exchange of classified scientific data and fissile materials such as uranium-235 and plutonium . The UK has not had a programme to develop an independent delivery system since the cancellation of the Blue Streak in 1960 ." } ] }, { "value": "First fission weapon test by the UK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1952-11-01", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ivy Mike", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ivy_Mike", "summary": "Ivy Mike was the codename given to the first full-scale test of a thermonuclear device , in which part of the explosive yield comes from nuclear fusion . Ivy Mike was detonated on November 1 , 1952 , by the United States on the island of Elugelab in Enewetak Atoll , in the now independent island nation of the Marshall Islands , as part of Operation Ivy . It was the first full test of the Teller-Ulam design , a staged fusion device . Due to its physical size and fusion fuel type ( cryogenic liquid deuterium ) , the Mike device was not suitable for use as a deliverable weapon . It was intended as a technically conservative proof of concept experiment to validate the concepts used for multi-megaton detonations . As a result of the collection of samples from the explosion by U.S. Air force pilots ( one of whom died ) , scientists found traces of the isotopes plutonium-246 and plutonium-244 , and confirmed the existence of the predicted but undiscovered elements einsteinium and fermium ." } ] }, { "value": "10,400", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States", "summary": "The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat , with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II . Before and during the Cold War , it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems . [ Note 1 ] Between 1940 and 1996 , the U.S. government spent at least $ 9.49 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons , including platforms development ( aircraft , rockets and facilities ) , command and control , maintenance , waste management and administrative costs . It is estimated that , since 1945 , the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads , which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined . The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949 , France built 1,110 warheads since 1960 , the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952 , China built about 600 warheads since 1964 , and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons . Until November 1962 , the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground . After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , all testing was relegated underground , in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout . By 1998 at least $ 759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing . By February 2006 over $ 1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program . [ citation needed ] The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads ; together , these two nations possess more than 90% of the world 's nuclear warheads . As of 2019 , the U.S. has an inventory of 6,185 nuclear warheads ; of these , 2,385 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and 3,800 are part of the U.S. stockpile . Of the stockpiled warheads , the U.S. stated in its March 2019 New START declaration that 1,365 are deployed on 656 ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ." } ] }, { "value": "First cryogenic fusion fuel staged thermonuclear weapon , primarily a test device and not weaponized", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design", "summary": "Nuclear weapon designs are physical , chemical , and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate . There are three existing basic design types :" } ] }, { "value": "1952-11-16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ivy King", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ivy_King", "summary": "Ivy King was the largest pure-fission nuclear bomb ever tested by the United States . The bomb was tested during the Truman administration as part of Operation Ivy . This series of tests involved the development of very powerful nuclear weapons in response to the nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union . The production of Ivy King was hurried to be ready in case its sister project , Ivy Mike , failed in its attempt to achieve a thermonuclear reaction . The Ivy King test actually took place two weeks after Mike . Unlike the Mike bomb , the Ivy King device could theoretically have been added to United States ' nuclear arsenal because it was designed to be air-deliverable ." } ] }, { "value": "500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States", "summary": "The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat , with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II . Before and during the Cold War , it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems . [ Note 1 ] Between 1940 and 1996 , the U.S. government spent at least $ 9.49 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons , including platforms development ( aircraft , rockets and facilities ) , command and control , maintenance , waste management and administrative costs . It is estimated that , since 1945 , the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads , which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined . The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949 , France built 1,110 warheads since 1960 , the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952 , China built about 600 warheads since 1964 , and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons . Until November 1962 , the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground . After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , all testing was relegated underground , in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout . By 1998 at least $ 759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing . By February 2006 over $ 1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program . [ citation needed ] The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads ; together , these two nations possess more than 90% of the world 's nuclear warheads . As of 2019 , the U.S. has an inventory of 6,185 nuclear warheads ; of these , 2,385 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and 3,800 are part of the U.S. stockpile . Of the stockpiled warheads , the U.S. stated in its March 2019 New START declaration that 1,365 are deployed on 656 ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ." } ] }, { "value": "Largest pure-fission weapon ever tested", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1953-08-12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Joe 4", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joe_4", "summary": "Joe 4 ( warhead name : RDS-6s ( Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Specialnyi ; Special Jet Engine ) ) was an American nickname for the first Soviet test of a thermonuclear weapon on August 12 , 1953 , that detonated with a force equivalent to 400 kilotons of TNT . Scholars dispute the authenticity of RDS-6 as a thermonuclear device as it did not manage to produce a yield consistent with a true hydrogen bomb . It utilized a scheme in which fission and fusion fuel ( lithium-6 deuteride ) were layered , a design known as the Sloika ( Russian : Слойка , named after a type of layered puff pastry ) model in the Soviet Union . A ten-fold increase in explosive power was achieved by a combination of fusion energy and neutron-initiated ( boosted ) fission . A similar design was earlier theorized by Edward Teller , but never tested in the U.S. , as the Alarm Clock ." } ] }, { "value": "400", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USSR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project", "summary": "The Soviet atomic bomb project ( Russian : Советский проект атомной бомбы , Sovetskiy proyekt atomnoy bomby ) was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during World War II . Although the Soviet scientific community discussed the possibility of an atomic bomb throughout the 1930s , going as far as making a concrete proposal to develop such a weapon in 1940 , the full-scale program was initiated during World War II . Because of the conspicuous silence of the scientific publications on the subject of nuclear fission by German , American , and British scientists , Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov suspected that the Allied powers had secretly been developing a superweapon since 1939 . Flyorov wrote a letter to Stalin urging him to start this program in 1942.:78-79 Initial efforts were slowed due to the German invasion of the Soviet Union and remained largely composed of the intelligence knowledge gained from the Soviet spy rings working in the U.S. Manhattan Project . After Stalin learned of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , the program was pursued aggressively and accelerated through effective intelligence gathering about the German nuclear weapon project and the American Manhattan Project . The Soviet efforts also rounded up captured German scientists to join their program , and relied heavily on knowledge passed by spies to Soviet intelligence agencies . :242-243 On 29 August 1949 , the Soviet Union secretly conducted its first successful weapon test ( First Lightning , based on the American Fat Man design ) at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan ." } ] }, { "value": "First fusion weapon test by the USSR ( not staged )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1954-03-01", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Castle Bravo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castle_Bravo", "summary": "Castle Bravo was the first in a series of high-yield thermonuclear weapon design tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll , Marshall Islands , as part of Operation Castle . Detonated on March 1 , 1954 , the device was the most powerful nuclear device detonated by the United States and its first lithium deuteride fueled thermonuclear weapon . Castle Bravo 's yield was 15 megatons of TNT , 2.5 times the predicted 6.0 megatons , due to unforeseen additional reactions involving 7Li , which led to the unexpected radioactive contamination of areas to the east of Bikini Atoll . At the time , it was the most powerful artificial explosion in history . Fallout , the most heavy of which in the form of pulverized surface coral from the detonation fell on residents of Rongelap and Utirik atolls , while the more particulate and gaseous fallout spread around the world . The inhabitants of the islands were not evacuated until three days later and suffered radiation sickness . Twenty-three crew members of the Japanese fishing vessel Daigo Fukuryū Maru ( Lucky Dragon No . 5 ) were also contaminated by the heavy fallout , experiencing acute radiation syndrome . The blast incited international reaction over atmospheric thermonuclear testing . The Bravo Crater is located at 11°41′50″N 165°16′19″E / 11.69722°N 165.27194°E / 11.69722 ; 165.27194 . The remains of the Castle Bravo causeway are at 11°42′6″N 165°17′7″E / 11.70167°N 165.28528°E / 11.70167 ; 165.28528 ." } ] }, { "value": "15,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States", "summary": "The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat , with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II . Before and during the Cold War , it conducted over a thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems . [ Note 1 ] Between 1940 and 1996 , the U.S. government spent at least $ 9.49 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons , including platforms development ( aircraft , rockets and facilities ) , command and control , maintenance , waste management and administrative costs . It is estimated that , since 1945 , the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads , which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined . The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949 , France built 1,110 warheads since 1960 , the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952 , China built about 600 warheads since 1964 , and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons . Until November 1962 , the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground . After the acceptance of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , all testing was relegated underground , in order to prevent the dispersion of nuclear fallout . By 1998 at least $ 759 million had been paid to the Marshall Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear testing . By February 2006 over $ 1.2 billion in compensation had been paid to U.S. citizens exposed to nuclear hazards as a result of the U.S. nuclear weapons program . [ citation needed ] The U.S. and Russia possess comparable numbers of nuclear warheads ; together , these two nations possess more than 90% of the world 's nuclear warheads . As of 2019 , the U.S. has an inventory of 6,185 nuclear warheads ; of these , 2,385 are retired and awaiting dismantlement and 3,800 are part of the U.S. stockpile . Of the stockpiled warheads , the U.S. stated in its March 2019 New START declaration that 1,365 are deployed on 656 ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ." } ] }, { "value": "First dry fusion fuel staged thermonuclear weapon ; a serious nuclear fallout accident occurred ; largest nuclear detonation conducted by United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_fallout", "summary": "Nuclear fallout , or fallout , is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast , so called because it falls out of the sky after the explosion and the shock wave have passed . It commonly refers to the radioactive dust and ash created when a nuclear weapon explodes . The amount and spread of fallout is a product of the size of the weapon and the altitude at which it is detonated . Fallout may get entrained with the products of a pyrocumulus cloud and fall as black rain ( rain darkened by soot and other particulates , which fell within 30-40 minutes of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ) . This radioactive dust , usually consisting of fission products mixed with bystanding atoms that are neutron-activated by exposure , is a form of radioactive contamination ." } ] }, { "value": "1955-11-22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RDS-37", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RDS-37", "summary": "RDS-37 was the Soviet Union 's first two-stage hydrogen bomb , first tested on 22 November 1955 . The weapon had a nominal yield of approximately 3 megatons . It was scaled down to 1.6 megatons for the live test ." } ] }, { "value": "1,600", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USSR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project", "summary": "The Soviet atomic bomb project ( Russian : Советский проект атомной бомбы , Sovetskiy proyekt atomnoy bomby ) was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during World War II . Although the Soviet scientific community discussed the possibility of an atomic bomb throughout the 1930s , going as far as making a concrete proposal to develop such a weapon in 1940 , the full-scale program was initiated during World War II . Because of the conspicuous silence of the scientific publications on the subject of nuclear fission by German , American , and British scientists , Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov suspected that the Allied powers had secretly been developing a superweapon since 1939 . Flyorov wrote a letter to Stalin urging him to start this program in 1942.:78-79 Initial efforts were slowed due to the German invasion of the Soviet Union and remained largely composed of the intelligence knowledge gained from the Soviet spy rings working in the U.S. Manhattan Project . After Stalin learned of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , the program was pursued aggressively and accelerated through effective intelligence gathering about the German nuclear weapon project and the American Manhattan Project . The Soviet efforts also rounded up captured German scientists to join their program , and relied heavily on knowledge passed by spies to Soviet intelligence agencies . :242-243 On 29 August 1949 , the Soviet Union secretly conducted its first successful weapon test ( First Lightning , based on the American Fat Man design ) at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan ." } ] }, { "value": "First staged thermonuclear weapon test by the USSR ( deployable )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1957-05-31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Orange Herald", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Orange_Herald", "summary": "Orange Herald was a British nuclear weapon , tested on 31 May 1957 . At the time it was reported as a H-bomb , although in fact it was a large boosted fission weapon ." } ] }, { "value": "720", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom was the third country ( after the United States and the Soviet Union ) to develop and test nuclear weapons , and is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons . The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme , codenamed Tube Alloys , during the Second World War . At the Quebec Conference in August 1943 , it was merged with the American Manhattan Project . The British contribution to the Manhattan Project saw British scientists participate in most of its work . The British government considered nuclear weapons to be a joint discovery , but the American Atomic Energy Act of 1946 ( McMahon Act ) restricted other countries , including the UK , from access to information about nuclear weapons . Fearing the loss of Britain 's great power status , the UK resumed its own project , now codenamed High Explosive Research . On 3 October 1952 , it detonated an atomic bomb in the Monte Bello Islands of Western Australia in Operation Hurricane . Eleven more British nuclear weapons tests in Australia were carried out over the following decade , including seven British nuclear tests at Maralinga in 1956 and 1957 . The British hydrogen bomb programme demonstrated Britain 's ability to produce thermonuclear weapons in the Operation Grapple nuclear tests in the Pacific , and led to the amendment of the McMahon Act . Since the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement , the US and the UK have cooperated extensively on nuclear security matters . The nuclear Special Relationship between the two countries has involved the exchange of classified scientific data and fissile materials such as uranium-235 and plutonium . The UK has not had a programme to develop an independent delivery system since the cancellation of the Blue Streak in 1960 ." } ] }, { "value": "Largest boosted fission weapon ever tested . Intended as a fallback in megaton range in case British thermonuclear development failed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1957-11-08", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grapple X", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Operation_Grapple", "summary": "Operation Grapple was the name of four series of British nuclear weapons tests of early atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs carried out in 1957 and 1958 at Malden Island and Kiritimati ( Christmas Island ) in the Pacific Ocean as part of the British hydrogen bomb programme . Nine nuclear explosions were initiated , culminating in the United Kingdom becoming the third recognised possessor of thermonuclear weapons , and the restoration of the nuclear Special Relationship with the United States with the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement . During the Second World War , Britain had a nuclear weapons project , codenamed Tube Alloys , which was merged with the American Manhattan Project in August 1943 . Many of Britain 's top scientists participated in the British contribution to the Manhattan Project . After the war , fearing that Britain would lose its great power status , the British government resumed the atomic bomb development effort , now codenamed High Explosive Research . The successful test of an atomic bomb in Operation Hurricane in October 1952 represented an extraordinary scientific and technological achievement , but Britain was still several years behind the United States in nuclear weapons technology . In July 1954 , the Cabinet decided to develop the hydrogen bomb . The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston produced three designs : Orange Herald , a large boosted fission weapon ; Green Bamboo , an interim thermonuclear design ; and Green Granite , a true thermonuclear weapon . The first test series consisted of three tests in May and June 1957 . In the first , Grapple 1 , a version of Green Granite known as Short Granite was dropped from a Vickers Valiant bomber flown by Wing Commander Kenneth Hubbard . The bomb 's yield was estimated at 300 kilotonnes of TNT ( 1,300 TJ ) , far below its designed capability . Despite its failure , the test was hailed as a successful thermonuclear explosion , and the government did not confirm or deny reports that the UK had become a third thermonuclear power ." } ] }, { "value": "1,800", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom was the third country ( after the United States and the Soviet Union ) to develop and test nuclear weapons , and is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons . The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme , codenamed Tube Alloys , during the Second World War . At the Quebec Conference in August 1943 , it was merged with the American Manhattan Project . The British contribution to the Manhattan Project saw British scientists participate in most of its work . The British government considered nuclear weapons to be a joint discovery , but the American Atomic Energy Act of 1946 ( McMahon Act ) restricted other countries , including the UK , from access to information about nuclear weapons . Fearing the loss of Britain 's great power status , the UK resumed its own project , now codenamed High Explosive Research . On 3 October 1952 , it detonated an atomic bomb in the Monte Bello Islands of Western Australia in Operation Hurricane . Eleven more British nuclear weapons tests in Australia were carried out over the following decade , including seven British nuclear tests at Maralinga in 1956 and 1957 . The British hydrogen bomb programme demonstrated Britain 's ability to produce thermonuclear weapons in the Operation Grapple nuclear tests in the Pacific , and led to the amendment of the McMahon Act . Since the 1958 US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement , the US and the UK have cooperated extensively on nuclear security matters . The nuclear Special Relationship between the two countries has involved the exchange of classified scientific data and fissile materials such as uranium-235 and plutonium . The UK has not had a programme to develop an independent delivery system since the cancellation of the Blue Streak in 1960 ." } ] }, { "value": "First ( successful ) staged thermonuclear weapon test by the UK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1960-02-13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gerboise Bleue", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gerboise_Bleue", "summary": "Gerboise Bleue ( French : [ ʒɛʁbwaz blø ] , blue jerboa ) was the name of the first French nuclear test . It was an atomic bomb detonated near Reggane , in the middle of the Algerian Sahara desert on 13 February 1960 , during the Algerian War ( 1954-62 ) . General Pierre Marie Gallois was instrumental in the endeavour , and earned the nickname of père de la bombe A ( father of the A-bomb ) . Gerboise is the French word for jerboa , a desert rodent found in the Sahara . The following three bombs detonated near Reggane were named respectively white ( Gerboise Blanche ) , red ( Gerboise Rouge ) , and green ( Gerboise Verte ) ." } ] }, { "value": "70", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction", "summary": "France is one of the five Nuclear Weapons States under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons , but is not known to possess or develop any chemical or biological weapons . France was the fourth country to test an independently developed nuclear weapon in 1960 , under the government of Charles de Gaulle . The French military is currently thought to retain a weapons stockpile of around 300 operational ( deployed ) nuclear warheads , making it the third-largest in the world , speaking in terms of warheads , not megatons . The weapons are part of the national Force de frappe , developed in the late 1950s and 1960s to give France the ability to distance itself from NATO while having a means of nuclear deterrence under sovereign control . France did not sign the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , which gave it the option to conduct further nuclear tests until it signed and ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in 1996 and 1998 respectively . France denies currently having chemical weapons , ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) in 1995 , and acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention ( BWC ) in 1984 . France had also ratified the Geneva Protocol in 1926 ." } ] }, { "value": "First fission weapon test by France", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1961-10-31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tsar Bomba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tsar_Bomba", "summary": "Many codenames are attributed to the Tsar Bomba : Project 7000 ; product code 202 ( Izdeliye 202 ) , Product V ( izdeliye V ) ; article designations RDS-220 ( РДС-220 ) , RDS-202 ( РДС-202 ) , RN202 ( PH202 , incorrect codename as the AN602 is a modification of the RN202 ) , AN602 ( AH602 ) ; codename Vanya ; nicknames Big Ivan , Kuzkina mat . The name Tsar Bomba was coined in an analogy with other large Russian objects : the Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon . The CIA designated the test as JOE 111 . The bomb was also referred to as Kuzma 's mother ( Russian : Ку́зькина ма́ть , tr . Kúz'kina mát ' , IPA : [ ˈkusʲkʲɪnə ˈmatʲ ] ) , possibly referring to First secretary Nikita Khrushchev 's promise to show the United States a Kuzma 's mother ( an idiom roughly translating to We 'll show you ) at a 1960 session of the United Nations General Assembly ." } ] }, { "value": "50,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USSR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soviet_atomic_bomb_project", "summary": "The Soviet atomic bomb project ( Russian : Советский проект атомной бомбы , Sovetskiy proyekt atomnoy bomby ) was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during World War II . Although the Soviet scientific community discussed the possibility of an atomic bomb throughout the 1930s , going as far as making a concrete proposal to develop such a weapon in 1940 , the full-scale program was initiated during World War II . Because of the conspicuous silence of the scientific publications on the subject of nuclear fission by German , American , and British scientists , Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov suspected that the Allied powers had secretly been developing a superweapon since 1939 . Flyorov wrote a letter to Stalin urging him to start this program in 1942.:78-79 Initial efforts were slowed due to the German invasion of the Soviet Union and remained largely composed of the intelligence knowledge gained from the Soviet spy rings working in the U.S. Manhattan Project . After Stalin learned of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , the program was pursued aggressively and accelerated through effective intelligence gathering about the German nuclear weapon project and the American Manhattan Project . The Soviet efforts also rounded up captured German scientists to join their program , and relied heavily on knowledge passed by spies to Soviet intelligence agencies . :242-243 On 29 August 1949 , the Soviet Union secretly conducted its first successful weapon test ( First Lightning , based on the American Fat Man design ) at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan ." } ] }, { "value": "Largest thermonuclear weapon ever tested - scaled down from its initial 100 Mt design by 50%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1964-10-16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "596", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/596_(nuclear_test)", "summary": "Project 596 , originally named Chic-1 by the US intelligence agencies , was the first nuclear weapons test conducted by the People 's Republic of China , detonated on 16 October 1964 , at the Lop Nur test site . It was a uranium-235 implosion fission device made from weapons-grade uranium ( U-235 ) enriched in a gaseous diffusion plant in Lanzhou . The bomb had a yield of 22 kilotons , comparable to the Soviet Union 's first nuclear bomb RDS-1 in 1949 and the American Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki , Japan in 1945 . With the test , China became the fifth nuclear power . This was the first of 45 successful nuclear tests China conducted between 1964 and 1996 , all of which occurred at the Lop Nur test site ." } ] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PR China", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/People's_Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction", "summary": "The People 's Republic of China has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction , including chemical and nuclear weapons . The first of China 's nuclear weapons tests took place in 1964 , and its first hydrogen bomb test occurred in 1967 . Tests continued until 1996 , when China signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ( CTBT ) . China has acceded to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ( BWC ) in 1984 and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) in 1997 . The number of nuclear warheads in China 's arsenal is a state secret . There are varying estimates of the size of China 's arsenal . China is estimated by the Federation of American Scientists to have an arsenal of about 260 total warheads as of 2015 , which would make it the second smallest nuclear arsenal amongst the five nuclear weapon states acknowledged by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons . According to some estimates , the country could more than double the number of warheads on missiles that could threaten the United States by the mid-2020 's . Early in 2011 , China published a defense white paper , which repeated its nuclear policies of maintaining a minimum deterrent with a no-first-use pledge . Yet China has yet to define what it means by a minimum deterrent posture . This , together with the fact that it is deploying four new nuclear-capable ballistic missiles , invites concern as to the scale and intention of Chinas nuclear upgrade ." } ] }, { "value": "First fission weapon test by the People 's Republic of China", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1967-06-17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Test No . 6", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chinese_nuclear_test_No._6", "summary": "Test No . 6 is the codename for China 's first test of a three-staged thermonuclear device and , also its sixth nuclear weapons test ." } ] }, { "value": "3,300", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PR China", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/People's_Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction", "summary": "The People 's Republic of China has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction , including chemical and nuclear weapons . The first of China 's nuclear weapons tests took place in 1964 , and its first hydrogen bomb test occurred in 1967 . Tests continued until 1996 , when China signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ( CTBT ) . China has acceded to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention ( BWC ) in 1984 and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) in 1997 . The number of nuclear warheads in China 's arsenal is a state secret . There are varying estimates of the size of China 's arsenal . China is estimated by the Federation of American Scientists to have an arsenal of about 260 total warheads as of 2015 , which would make it the second smallest nuclear arsenal amongst the five nuclear weapon states acknowledged by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons . According to some estimates , the country could more than double the number of warheads on missiles that could threaten the United States by the mid-2020 's . Early in 2011 , China published a defense white paper , which repeated its nuclear policies of maintaining a minimum deterrent with a no-first-use pledge . Yet China has yet to define what it means by a minimum deterrent posture . This , together with the fact that it is deploying four new nuclear-capable ballistic missiles , invites concern as to the scale and intention of Chinas nuclear upgrade ." } ] }, { "value": "First staged thermonuclear weapon test by the People 's Republic of China", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1968-08-24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Canopus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canopus_(nuclear_test)", "summary": "Canopus ( also Opération Canopus in French ) was the code name for France 's first two-stage thermonuclear test , conducted on August 24 , 1968 , at Fangataufa atoll . The test made France the fifth country to test a thermonuclear device after the United States , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom and China ." } ] }, { "value": "2,600", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction", "summary": "France is one of the five Nuclear Weapons States under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons , but is not known to possess or develop any chemical or biological weapons . France was the fourth country to test an independently developed nuclear weapon in 1960 , under the government of Charles de Gaulle . The French military is currently thought to retain a weapons stockpile of around 300 operational ( deployed ) nuclear warheads , making it the third-largest in the world , speaking in terms of warheads , not megatons . The weapons are part of the national Force de frappe , developed in the late 1950s and 1960s to give France the ability to distance itself from NATO while having a means of nuclear deterrence under sovereign control . France did not sign the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty , which gave it the option to conduct further nuclear tests until it signed and ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in 1996 and 1998 respectively . France denies currently having chemical weapons , ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) in 1995 , and acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention ( BWC ) in 1984 . France had also ratified the Geneva Protocol in 1926 ." } ] }, { "value": "First staged thermonuclear weapon test by France", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1974-05-18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Smiling Buddha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Smiling_Buddha", "summary": "Smiling Buddha [ a ] ( MEA designation : Pokhran-I ) was the assigned code name of India 's first successful nuclear bomb test on 18 May 1974 . The bomb was detonated on the army base Pokhran Test Range ( PTR ) , in Rajasthan , by the Indian Army under the supervision of several key Indian generals . Pokhran-I was also the first confirmed nuclear weapons test by a nation outside the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . Officially , the Indian Ministry of External Affairs ( MEA ) characterised this test as a peaceful nuclear explosion . A series of nuclear tests was carried out in 1998 under the name Pokhran-II ." } ] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction", "summary": "India has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction in the form of nuclear weapons . Although India has not made any official statements about the size of its nuclear arsenal , recent estimates suggest that India has 130-140 nuclear weapons and has produced enough weapons-grade plutonium for up to 150-200 nuclear weapons . In 1999 , India was estimated to have 800 kg of separated reactor-grade plutonium , with a total amount of 8,300 kg of civilian plutonium , enough for approximately 1,000 nuclear weapons . India is a member of three multilateral export control regimes - the Missile Technology Control Regime , Wassenaar Arrangement and Australia Group . It has signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention . India is also a subscribing state to the Hague Code of Conduct . India has signed neither the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty nor the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty , considering both to be flawed and discriminatory . India previously possessed chemical weapons , but voluntarily destroyed its entire stockpile in 2009 - one of the seven countries to meet the OPCW extended deadline . India maintains a no first use nuclear policy and has developed a nuclear triad capability as a part of its minimum credible deterrence doctrine ." } ] }, { "value": "First fission nuclear explosive test by India", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998-05-11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pokhran-II", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pokhran-II", "summary": "The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army 's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998 . It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India ; the first test , code-named Smiling Buddha , was conducted in May 1974 . The tests achieved their main objective of giving India the capability to build fission and thermonuclear weapons with yields up to 200 Kilotons . The then Chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission described each one of the explosions of Pokhran-II to be equivalent to several tests carried out by other nuclear weapon states over decades . Subsequently , India established computer simulation capability to predict the yields of nuclear explosives whose designs are related to the designs of explosives used in this test . Pokhran-II consisted of five detonations , the first of which was a fusion bomb while the remaining four were fission bombs . The tests were initiated on 11 May 1998 , under the assigned code name Operation Shakti , with the detonation of one fusion and two fission bombs . On 13 May 1998 , two additional fission devices were detonated , and the Indian government led by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee shortly convened a press conference to declare India a full-fledged nuclear state . The tests resulted in a variety of sanctions against India by a number of major states , including Japan and the United States . Many names have been assigned to these tests ; originally these were collectively called Operation Shakti-98 , and the five nuclear bombs were designated Shakti-I through to Shakti-V. More recently , the operation as a whole has come to be known as Pokhran II , and the 1974 explosion as Pokhran-I ." } ] }, { "value": "45-50", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction", "summary": "India has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction in the form of nuclear weapons . Although India has not made any official statements about the size of its nuclear arsenal , recent estimates suggest that India has 130-140 nuclear weapons and has produced enough weapons-grade plutonium for up to 150-200 nuclear weapons . In 1999 , India was estimated to have 800 kg of separated reactor-grade plutonium , with a total amount of 8,300 kg of civilian plutonium , enough for approximately 1,000 nuclear weapons . India is a member of three multilateral export control regimes - the Missile Technology Control Regime , Wassenaar Arrangement and Australia Group . It has signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention . India is also a subscribing state to the Hague Code of Conduct . India has signed neither the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty nor the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty , considering both to be flawed and discriminatory . India previously possessed chemical weapons , but voluntarily destroyed its entire stockpile in 2009 - one of the seven countries to meet the OPCW extended deadline . India maintains a no first use nuclear policy and has developed a nuclear triad capability as a part of its minimum credible deterrence doctrine ." } ] }, { "value": "First potential fusion/boosted weapon test by India ; first deployable fission weapon test by India", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998-05-28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chagai-I", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chagai-I", "summary": "Chagai-I is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by Pakistan at 15:15 hrs PST on 28 May 1998.:281 The tests were performed at Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai District of Balochistan Province . Chagai-I was Pakistan 's first public test of nuclear weapons . Its timing was a direct response to India 's second nuclear tests , on 11 and 13 May 1998 . These tests by Pakistan and India resulted in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1172 and economic sanctions on both states by a number of major powers , particularly the United States and Japan [ clarification needed ] . By testing nuclear devices , Pakistan became the seventh nation to publicly test nuclear weapons . :14-15 Pakistan 's second nuclear test , Chagai-II , followed on 30 May 1998 ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pakistan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction", "summary": "Pakistan is one of nine states to possess nuclear weapons . Pakistan began development of nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , who delegated the program to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission ( PAEC ) Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to having the bomb ready by the end of 1976 . Since PAEC , consisting of over twenty laboratories and projects under nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan , was falling behind schedule and having considerable difficulty producing fissile material , Abdul Qadeer Khan was brought from Europe by Bhutto at the end of 1974 . As pointed out by Houston Wood , Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , in his article on gas centrifuges , The most difficult step in building a nuclear weapon is the production of fissile material ; as such , this work in producing fissile material as head of the Kahuta Project was pivotal to Pakistan developing the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb by the end of 1984 . The Kahuta Project started under the supervision of a coordination board that oversaw the activities of KRL and PAEC . The Board consisted of A G N Kazi ( secretary general , finance ) , Ghulam Ishaq Khan ( secretary general , defence ) , and Agha Shahi ( secretary general , foreign affairs ) , and reported directly to Bhutto . Ghulam Ishaq Khan and General Tikka Khan appointed military engineer Major General Ali Nawab to the program . Eventually , the supervision passed to Lt General Zahid Ali Akbar Khan in President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 's Administration . Moderate uranium enrichment for the production of fissile material was achieved at KRL by April 1978 . Pakistan 's nuclear weapons development was in response to the loss of East Pakistan in 1971 's Bangladesh Liberation War . Bhutto called a meeting of senior scientists and engineers on 20 January 1972 , in Multan , which came to known as Multan meeting . Bhutto was the main architect of this programme , and it was here that Bhutto orchestrated the nuclear weapons programme and rallied Pakistan 's academic scientists to build an atomic bomb in three years for national survival ." } ] }, { "value": "First fission weapon ( boosted ) test by Pakistan", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Milestone nuclear explosions", "section_text": "The following list is of milestone nuclear explosions . In addition to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , the first nuclear test of a given weapon type for a country is included , and tests which were otherwise notable ( such as the largest test ever ) . All yields ( explosive power ) are given in their estimated energy equivalents in kilotons of TNT ( see TNT equivalent ) . Putative tests ( like Vela Incident ) have not been included .", "uid": "Nuclear_weapon_yield_0", "intro": "The explosive yield of a nuclear weapon is the amount of energy released when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated, usually expressed as a TNT equivalent (the standardized equivalent mass of trinitrotoluene which, if detonated, would produce the same energy discharge), either in kilotons (kt - thousands of tons of TNT), in megatons (Mt - millions of tons of TNT), or sometimes in terajoules (TJ). An explosive yield of one terajoule is equal to 0.239 kilotonnes of TNT. Because the accuracy of any measurement of the energy released by TNT has always been problematic, the conventional definition is that one kiloton of TNT is held simply to be equivalent to 1012 calories. The yield-to-weight ratio is the amount of weapon yield compared to the mass of the weapon. The practical maximum yield-to-weight ratio for fusion weapons (thermonuclear weapons) has been estimated to six megatons of TNT per metric ton of bomb mass (25 TJ/kg). Yields of 5.2 megatons/ton and higher have been reported for large weapons constructed for single-warhead use in the early 1960s. Since then, the smaller warheads needed to achieve the increased net damage efficiency (bomb damage/bomb mass) of multiple warhead systems have resulted in decreases in the yield/mass ratio for single modern warheads." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_College_Baseball_All-America_Team", "title": "1982 College Baseball All-America Team", "header": [ "Position", "Name", "School", "ABCA", "BA" ], "data": [ { "value": "Pitcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pitcher", "summary": "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ." } ] }, { "value": "Bryan Duquette", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hawaii", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hawaii_Warriors", "summary": "The University of Hawaiʻi Rainbow Warriors and Rainbow Wāhine are the athletic teams that represent the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa ( UH ) , in Honolulu , Hawaiʻi . The UH athletics program is a member of the Big West Conference in most sports and competes at the NCAA Division I level . It comprises seven men 's , 12 women 's , and two coed athletic teams ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pitcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pitcher", "summary": "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ." } ] }, { "value": "Randy Graham", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fresno State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_baseball", "summary": "The Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team represents Fresno State in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Fresno State athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Mountain West Conference . The Bulldogs play their home games on campus at Pete Beiden Field , and they are currently coached by Mike Batesole ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pitcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pitcher", "summary": "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ." } ] }, { "value": "Jon Furman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pepperdine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pepperdine_Waves_baseball", "summary": "The Pepperdine Waves baseball team represents Pepperdine University in the sport of baseball . The Pepperdine Waves compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) and in the West Coast Conference . They are currently led by head coach Rick Hirtensteiner . The Waves have been to the College World Series twice , winning the national championship in 1992 under head coach Andy Lopez with a win over Cal State Fullerton ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pitcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pitcher", "summary": "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ." } ] }, { "value": "Don Heinkel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_Heinkel", "summary": "Donald Elliott Heinkel ( born October 20 , 1959 ) is a retired Major League Baseball pitcher . He played during two seasons at the Major League level for the Detroit Tigers and St. Louis Cardinals . He was drafted by the Tigers in the 30th round of the 1982 amateur draft . Heinkel played his first professional season with their Rookie league Bristol Tigers , Class A-Advanced Lakeland Tigers , and Double-A Birmingham Barons in 1982 , and his last with the San Diego Padres ' Double-A Wichita Wranglers in 1993 . Heinkel now resides in Alabama with his wife and 11 children . He practices medicine in the Muscle Shoals , Alabama area ." } ] }, { "value": "Wichita State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wichita_State_Shockers_baseball", "summary": "The Wichita State Shockers baseball team represents Wichita State University in the sport of baseball . The Wichita State Shockers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) and in the American Athletic Conference after 72 seasons in the Missouri Valley Conference . The Shockers have made the College World Series seven times , winning the national championship in 1989 . Wichita State has the fourth highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I baseball history , trailing only Texas , Florida State , and Miami ( FL ) ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pitcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pitcher", "summary": "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ." } ] }, { "value": "Joe Kucharski", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Carolina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_baseball", "summary": "The South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represents the University of South Carolina in NCAA Division I college baseball . South Carolina has perennially been one of the best teams in college baseball since 1970 , posting 32 NCAA Tournament appearances , 11 College World Series berths , 6 CWS Finals appearances and 2 National Championships : 2010 and 2011 . Carolina is one of six schools in NCAA history to win back-to-back titles . Since joining the Southeastern Conference in 1992 , the team has competed in the Eastern division . South Carolina owns a stellar 32-18 record at the CWS , holds the NCAA record for consecutive wins ( 22 ) in the national tournament and the longest win streak ever at the CWS ( 12 in a row from 2010 to 2012 ) in which the Gamecocks played for national titles all three years . The current head coach is Mark Kingston , with Chad Holbrook resigning on June 6 , 2017 . Holbrook took over for Ray Tanner , who was named athletics director at USC after the 2012 season . This follows a string of three consecutive appearances in the national championship series , including two consecutive national championships . During Tanner 's stint as head coach , the Gamecocks also captured three SEC titles , one SEC tournament title , six division titles , six College World Series appearances , and thirteen of their fifteen straight NCAA Tournaments ( longest streak in the SEC at the time ) . Between 2010 and 2012 the Gamecocks set two NCAA records for postseason success : the most consecutive NCAA tournament wins ( 22 ) and the most consecutive wins in the College World Series ( 12 ) . In 2013 , Carolina set the record for consecutive home NCAA tournament wins , with 29 . The team plays its home games at Founders Park , which opened on February 21 , 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pitcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pitcher", "summary": "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ." } ] }, { "value": "Bryan Oelkers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bryan_Oelkers", "summary": "Bryan Alois Oelkers ( born March 11 , 1961 in Zaragoza ) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher . He attended Pattonville High School in Maryland Heights , Missouri and college at Wichita State . He batted and threw left-handed . He was drafted in the first round ( 4th pick overall ) by the Minnesota Twins , one spot ahead of Dwight Gooden . Oelkers played two years in the majors - 1983 with the Minnesota Twins and 1986 with the Cleveland Indians . In 45 career games , he had a 3-8 record . In 103.1 innings , he allowed 126 hits with an ERA of 6.01 . He is the first of four Major Leaguers from Spain in history , along with Al Cabrera , Al Pardo , and Danny Rios ." } ] }, { "value": "Wichita State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wichita_State_Shockers_baseball", "summary": "The Wichita State Shockers baseball team represents Wichita State University in the sport of baseball . The Wichita State Shockers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) and in the American Athletic Conference after 72 seasons in the Missouri Valley Conference . The Shockers have made the College World Series seven times , winning the national championship in 1989 . Wichita State has the fourth highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I baseball history , trailing only Texas , Florida State , and Miami ( FL ) ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Catcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Catcher", "summary": "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ." } ] }, { "value": "Robbie Wine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robbie_Wine", "summary": "Robert Paul Wine , Jr. ( born July 13 , 1962 in Norristown , Pennsylvania ) is an American former professional baseball player . A catcher , Wine played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball for the Houston Astros in 1986 and 1987 . He last played professional baseball in 1990 . He was the head baseball coach of the Penn State Nittany Lions from 2005-2013 . In 2014 , Wine managed the Eugene Emeralds , a minor league team in the San Diego Padres organization ." } ] }, { "value": "Oklahoma State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Cowboys_baseball", "summary": "Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball is the NCAA Division I varsity intercollegiate baseball team of Oklahoma State University , based in Stillwater , Oklahoma , United States . The team competes in the Big 12 Conference . Oklahoma State is widely regarded as one of the most successful and history rich baseball programs of all time . They have won 31 conference championships in baseball , as well as 21 conference tournament championships , as of the end of the 2019 season . The Cowboys have also earned 46 NCAA Tournament bids and have played in 20 College World Series , including seven straight from 1981-87 , with their lone national championship coming in 1959 . The Cowboys ' current head coach is Josh Holliday ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Catcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Catcher", "summary": "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ." } ] }, { "value": "Charlie O'Brien", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlie_O'Brien", "summary": "Charles Hugh O'Brien ( born May 1 , 1960 in Tulsa , Oklahoma ) is an American former professional baseball player . He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Oakland Athletics ( 1985 ) , Milwaukee Brewers ( 1987-90 ) , New York Mets ( 1990-93 ) , Atlanta Braves ( 1994-95 ) , Toronto Blue Jays ( 1996-97 ) , Chicago White Sox ( 1998 ) , Anaheim Angels ( 1998-99 ) and Montreal Expos ( 2000 ) . O'Brien was a solid defensive catcher and a modest right-handed batter . He is best remembered for pioneering the hockey-style catcher 's mask . He was playing with the Toronto Blue Jays when he invented this different style of mask . During his tenure with the Braves , O'Brien was notable for being the personal catcher for Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Greg Maddux ." } ] }, { "value": "Wichita State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wichita_State_Shockers_baseball", "summary": "The Wichita State Shockers baseball team represents Wichita State University in the sport of baseball . The Wichita State Shockers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) and in the American Athletic Conference after 72 seasons in the Missouri Valley Conference . The Shockers have made the College World Series seven times , winning the national championship in 1989 . Wichita State has the fourth highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I baseball history , trailing only Texas , Florida State , and Miami ( FL ) ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "First baseman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_baseman", "summary": "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Phil Stephenson ( 2 ) ♦", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phil_Stephenson", "summary": "Phillip Raymond Stephenson ( born September 19 , 1960 ) is a former Major League Baseball first baseman . He played all or part of four seasons in the majors , from 1989 until 1992 ." } ] }, { "value": "Wichita State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wichita_State_Shockers_baseball", "summary": "The Wichita State Shockers baseball team represents Wichita State University in the sport of baseball . The Wichita State Shockers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) and in the American Athletic Conference after 72 seasons in the Missouri Valley Conference . The Shockers have made the College World Series seven times , winning the national championship in 1989 . Wichita State has the fourth highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I baseball history , trailing only Texas , Florida State , and Miami ( FL ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "First baseman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_baseman", "summary": "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Steve Stanicek", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steve_Stanicek", "summary": "Stephen Blair Stanicek ( born June 19 , 1961 ) is a former Major League Baseball player . He played parts of two seasons in the majors , 1987 for the Milwaukee Brewers and 1989 for the Philadelphia Phillies . He played 13 games , twelve as a pinch hitter and one as a designated hitter ." } ] }, { "value": "Nebraska", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nebraska_Cornhuskers_baseball", "summary": "The Nebraska Cornhuskers baseball team competes as part of NCAA Division I , representing the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in the Big Ten Conference . The program began play in 1889 . Nebraska has been to 17 NCAA baseball tournaments and advanced to four super regionals ( 2000-02 , 2005 ) and three College World Series ( 2001 , 2002 , 2005 ) . The Cornhuskers have won seven regular season conference championships ( 1929 , 1948 , 1950 , 2001 , 2003 , 2005 , 2017 ) and four conference tournament championships ( 1999-2001 , 2005 ) . They have had eighteen 40-win seasons , including nine since 1999 , as well as three 50-win seasons . Nebraska 's all-time record is 2,166-1,573-19 ( .579 ) overall and 830-791-2 ( .512 ) in conference play . Since 1999 , the Cornhuskers are 703-389-2 ( .645 ) . The program 's record in Big 12 play was 215-189-1 ( .533 ) , and is 111-77-1 ( .590 ) through eight years in the Big Ten era . The Cornhuskers won their first Big Ten championship in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Second baseman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Second_baseman", "summary": "In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Mark Wasinger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Wasinger", "summary": "Mark Thomas Wasinger ( born August 4 , 1961 ) is an American professional baseball scout and front-office official , and a former Major League player . A third baseman , second baseman and shortstop , he appeared in 50 MLB games between 1986 and 1988 for the San Diego Padres and San Francisco Giants . He threw and batted right-handed , and was listed at 6 feet ( 1.8 m ) tall and 165 pounds ( 75 kg ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Old Dominion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Old_Dominion_Monarchs", "summary": "The Old Dominion Monarchs and Lady Monarchs are composed of 19 teams representing Old Dominion University in intercollegiate athletics , including men 's and women 's basketball , golf , soccer , sailing , swimming & diving , and tennis . Men 's sports include baseball , football , and wrestling . Women 's sports include field hockey , lacrosse , rowing , and volleyball . The Monarchs compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) and are members of Conference USA ( C-USA ) as their primary conference affiliation . The football team played one season as an independent as part of the transition to FBS and began competing as a full football-playing member of C-USA in 2014 . Old Dominion 's field hockey team competes in the Big East Conference . The field hockey program had previously announced that it would join the original Big East for the 2013-14 school year . However , following the split of the original Big East , the two successor conferences , the new Big East and the American Athletic Conference , agreed that The American would not sponsor field hockey , and the new Big East would take in all of The American 's programs in those sports as associate members . The women 's lacrosse team spent the 2013-14 academic year as an independent before joining the Atlantic Sun Conference as an associate member effective July 1 , 2014 . In 2017 it was announced that Old Dominion Women 's Lacrosse would compete in the Big East Conference beginning in 2019 . In 2014 the women 's rowing team became an associate member of the Big 12 Conference , which effectively took over sponsorship of that sport from C-USA . Later , the University announced that the rowing team would change it 's conference affiliation and compete in the American Athletic Conference beginning in the 2018-19 school year Following the move to Conference USA , the men 's swimming and diving team competed for two years as an independent , as C-USA does not sponsor the sport ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Third baseman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Third_baseman", "summary": "A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast ." } ] }, { "value": "Keith Mucha", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oral Roberts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oral_Roberts_Golden_Eagles", "summary": "The Oral Roberts Golden Eagles are the 16 intercollegiate teams representing the Oral Roberts University that compete in the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . Oral Roberts currently competes in the Summit League as of July 1 , 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Third baseman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Third_baseman", "summary": "A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Stewart", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Virginia Tech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Virginia_Tech_Hokies_baseball", "summary": "The Virginia Tech Hokies baseball team represents Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University ( Virginia Tech ) in NCAA Division I college baseball . Established in 1895 , the team participates in the Coastal division of the Atlantic Coast Conference and plays its home games at English Field . The team 's current head coach is John Szefc ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shortstop", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shortstop", "summary": "Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base ." } ] }, { "value": "Augie Schmidt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Augie_Schmidt", "summary": "August Robert Schmidt IV ( born June 28 , 1961 ) is the current head coach of the Carthage College baseball team . He was a minor league baseball shortstop from 1982 to 1986 ." } ] }, { "value": "New Orleans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Orleans_Privateers", "summary": "The New Orleans Privateers are the intercollegiate athletic teams of the University of New Orleans ( also known locally as UNO ) , located in the Lake Terrace/Lake Oaks neighborhood of New Orleans , Louisiana , United States . The Privateers compete in NCAA intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Southland Conference at the Division I level ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Outfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outfielder", "summary": "An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Paciorek", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jim_Paciorek", "summary": "James Joseph Paciorek ( born June 7 , 1960 ) is an American former professional baseball player . He played first base , third base , and outfield for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He also played with the Yokohama Taiyo Whales and Hanshin Tigers in the Japanese Central League . His two older brothers , John and Tom , also played in the Major Leagues ." } ] }, { "value": "Michigan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_baseball", "summary": "The Michigan Wolverines baseball team represents the University of Michigan in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Michigan athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Big Ten Conference . They play their home games at Ray Fisher Stadium . The Wolverines have made the College World Series eight times , winning two national championships in 1953 and 1962 . Michigan is the fourth winningest program in NCAA Division I baseball history , trailing only Fordham , Texas and USC . Prior to the 2013 season , former Maryland head coach Erik Bakich replaced Rich Maloney as the program 's head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Outfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outfielder", "summary": "An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr ." } ] }, { "value": "John Morris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Morris_(outfielder)", "summary": "John Daniel Morris ( born February 23 , 1961 ) , is an American former professional baseball outfielder , who played seven seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the St. Louis Cardinals , Philadelphia Phillies , and California Angels ." } ] }, { "value": "Seton Hall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seton_Hall_Pirates", "summary": "The Seton Hall Pirates are the athletic teams representing Seton Hall University . They compete as a member of the NCAA Division I level ( non-football sub-level ) , primarily competing in the Big East Conference for all sports since the 1979-80 season . Men 's sports include baseball , basketball , cross country , golf , soccer and swimming & diving ; women 's sports include basketball , cross country , golf , soccer , softball , swimming & diving , tennis and volleyball . Seton Hall canceled football ( which was played in Division III ) in 1982 . The university 's athletic director is Bryan Felt . The program 's mascot is The Pirate and colors are blue , gray , and white ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Outfielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outfielder", "summary": "An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr ." } ] }, { "value": "Jeff Ledbetter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_State_Seminoles_baseball", "summary": "The Florida State Seminoles baseball team represents Florida State University ( variously Florida State or FSU ) in the sport of college baseball . Florida State competes in NCAA Division I , and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The Florida State Seminoles are the winningest NCAA Division I college baseball program in percentage of games won , with an all-time win percentage of .725 as of the 2019 season . The Seminoles rank sixth in all-time number of total wins and third in post-season wins . The Seminoles have appeared in the NCAA Tournament fifty-seven times , advancing to the College World Series twenty-three times - and have appeared in the CWS Championship Game or Championship Series on three occasions in 1970 , 1986 and 1999 . Florida State has won eleven regular season conference championships and twenty conference tournament championships , including eight ACC tournament titles . Florida State has had ninety-five All-Americans , forty-one players inducted into the Hall of Fame , and sixty-two players that went on to play Major League Baseball . Former Seminoles who have gone on to have success include Randy Choate , J. D. Drew , Stephen Drew , Ron Fraser , Johnny Grubb , Terry Kennedy , Doug Mientkiewicz , Shane Robinson , Larry Rothschild , Tony La Russa , Paul Sorrento , Kevin Cash , Woody Woodward , and Jameis Winston . The Buster Posey National Collegiate Catcher of the Year Award , presented annually to the top catcher in college baseball , is named for Florida State hall of famer Buster Posey . Former head coach Mike Martin is the winningest coach in the history of college baseball . The Seminoles play their home games on campus at Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium on the university 's Tallahassee , Florida campus . Mike Martin Jr. is the current head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Designated hitter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Designated_hitter", "summary": "In baseball , the designated hitter rule is the common name for Major League Baseball Rule 5.11 , adopted by the American League in 1973 . The rule allows teams to have one player , known as the designated hitter ( or DH ) , to bat in place of the pitcher . Since 1973 , most collegiate , amateur , and professional leagues have adopted the rule or some variant . MLB 's National League and Nippon Professional Baseball 's Central League are the most prominent professional leagues that do not use a designated hitter ." } ] }, { "value": "Mike Rubel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cal State Fullerton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_baseball", "summary": "The Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball team represents California State University , Fullerton in NCAA Division I college baseball . Since beginning Division I play in 1975 , the Titans have never had a losing season . They are supplied by Easton . Along with the other CSUF athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Big West Conference . Since its early days , Titan Baseball has been considered an elite program in college baseball , making 18 College World Series appearances and winning 4 national championships ( 1979 , 1984 , 1995 , and 2004 ) . The Titans have made an appearance in every NCAA Tournament since 1992 . The Titans play their home games on Fullerton 's campus at Goodwin Field and are currently coached by Rick Vanderhook ." } ] }, { "value": "Y", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "All-Americans", "section_text": "", "uid": "1982_College_Baseball_All-America_Team_0", "intro": "An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position - who in turn are given the honorific All-America and typically referred to as All-American athletes, or simply All-Americans. Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in United States team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889. The NCAA recognizes two different All-America selectors for the 1982 college baseball season: the American Baseball Coaches Association (since 1947) and Baseball America (since 1981)." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_alumni", "title": "List of United States Military Academy alumni", "header": [ "Name", "Class year", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "William A. Jones III", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_A._Jones_III", "summary": "William Atkinson Jones III ( May 31 , 1922 - November 15 , 1969 ) was a United States Air Force officer and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in the Vietnam War ." } ] }, { "value": "1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colonel , United States Air Force ; recipient of the MOH for actions while helping rescue a downed pilot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)", "summary": "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ." } ] }, { "value": "Andre Lucas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andre_Lucas", "summary": "Andre Cavaro Lucas ( October 2 , 1930 - July 23 , 1970 ) was killed in action while serving as the commanding officer , 2nd Battalion , 506th Infantry , 101st Airborne Division , United States Army , at Fire Support Base Ripcord in Thua Thien Province , South Vietnam . He was born in Washington D.C. , and originally enlisted in the 26th Infantry Regiment in 1948 . [ citation needed ] He graduated from the United States Military Academy , class of 1954 , and received the Medal of Honor posthumously for extraordinary heroism during the last 23 days of his life ." } ] }, { "value": "1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lieutenant Colonel ; recipient of the MOH for repulsing a much larger force over a 23-day period", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)", "summary": "In the United States Army , U.S. Marine Corps , and U.S. Air Force , lieutenant colonel is a field-grade military officer rank , just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel . It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the other uniformed services . The pay grade for the rank of lieutenant colonel is O-5 . In the United States armed forces , the insignia for the rank are a silver oak leaf , with slight stylized differences between the version of the Army and the Air Force and that of the Navy and the Marine Corps . Promotion to lieutenant colonel is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act ( DOPMA ) of 1980 , for officers in the Active Component , and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act ( ROPMA ) , for officers in the Reserve Component ( e.g. , Reserve and National Guard ) . DOPMA guidelines suggest that 70 percent of majors be promoted to lieutenant colonel after serving at least three years at their present rank and after 15-17 years of cumulative commissioned service ." } ] }, { "value": "Roger Donlon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roger_Donlon", "summary": "Roger Hugh Charles Donlon ( born January 30 , 1934 ) is a former United States Army officer . He is the first person to receive the Medal of Honor in the Vietnam War , as well as the first member of the United States Army Special Forces to be so honored ." } ] }, { "value": "1959 ex", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dropped out of the Academy for personal reasons ; Captain , later Colonel ; recipient of the MOH for repulsing a much larger force", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)", "summary": "In the United States Army ( USA ) , U.S. Marine Corps ( USMC ) , and U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) , captain ( abbreviated CPT in the USA and Capt in the USMC and USAF ) is a company grade officer rank , with the pay grade of O-3 . It ranks above first lieutenant and below major . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system . The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version ." } ] }, { "value": "Humbert Roque Versace", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Humbert_Roque_Versace", "summary": "Captain Humbert Roque Rocky Versace ( July 2 , 1937 - September 26 , 1965 ) was a United States Army officer of Puerto Rican-Italian descent who was posthumously awarded the United States ' highest military decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his heroic actions while a prisoner of war ( POW ) during the Vietnam War . He was the first member of the U.S. Army to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions performed in Southeast Asia while in captivity ." } ] }, { "value": "1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Captain ; recipient of the MOH for his resistance to Viet Cong indoctrination efforts while a prisoner of war ( POW ) ; his struggle was chronicled in length by fellow POW Nick Rowe in the book Five Years to Freedom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)", "summary": "In the United States Army ( USA ) , U.S. Marine Corps ( USMC ) , and U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) , captain ( abbreviated CPT in the USA and Capt in the USMC and USAF ) is a company grade officer rank , with the pay grade of O-3 . It ranks above first lieutenant and below major . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system . The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Prisoner_of_war", "summary": "A prisoner of war ( POW ) is a non-combatant - whether a military member , an irregular military fighter , or a civilian - who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict . The earliest recorded usage of the phrase prisoner of war dates back to 1610 . Belligerents hold prisoners of war in custody for a range of legitimate and illegitimate reasons , such as isolating them from enemy combatants still in the field ( releasing and repatriating them in an orderly manner after hostilities ) , demonstrating military victory , punishing them , prosecuting them for war crimes , exploiting them for their labour , recruiting or even conscripting them as their own combatants , collecting military and political intelligence from them , or indoctrinating them in new political or religious beliefs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/James_N._Rowe", "summary": "James Nicholas Nick Rowe ( February 8 , 1938 - April 21 , 1989 ) was a United States Army officer and one of only 34 American prisoners of war to escape captivity during the Vietnam War . Colonel Rowe was credited with developing the rigorous US Army Survival , Evasion , Resistance and Escape ( SERE ) training program taught to high-risk military personnel ( such as Special Forces and aircrews ) and the U.S. Army doctrine which institutionalizes these techniques and principles to be followed by captured personnel . In 1989 , Rowe was killed by a unit of the New People 's Army in the Philippines called the Alex Boncayao Brigade ." } ] }, { "value": "James A. Gardner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_A._Gardner", "summary": "James Alton Gardner ( February 7 , 1943 - February 7 , 1966 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in the Vietnam War ." } ] }, { "value": "1965 ex", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Did not graduate ; First Lieutenant ; recipient of the MOH for actions leading his platoon in the relief of a company that was engaged with a larger enemy force", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_lieutenant_(United_States)", "summary": "First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and , in some forces , an appointment . The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations ( see comparative military ranks ) , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior ( first lieutenant ) and junior ( second lieutenant ) rank . The NATO equivalent rank for land force officers is OF-1 rank . In navies , while certain rank insignia may carry the name : lieutenant , the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty , rather than a rank ." } ] }, { "value": "Frank S. Reasoner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_S._Reasoner", "summary": "Frank Stanley Reasoner ( 16 September 1937 - 12 July 1965 ) was a United States Marine Corps officer who was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for his heroic actions above and beyond the call of duty in 1965 during the Vietnam War ." } ] }, { "value": "1962", "urls": [] }, { "value": "First Lieutenant , United States Marine Corps ; recipient of the MOH for actions leading reconnaissance patrol against a larger force and trying to save a wounded man", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_lieutenant_(United_States)", "summary": "First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and , in some forces , an appointment . The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations ( see comparative military ranks ) , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior ( first lieutenant ) and junior ( second lieutenant ) rank . The NATO equivalent rank for land force officers is OF-1 rank . In navies , while certain rank insignia may carry the name : lieutenant , the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty , rather than a rank ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps", "summary": "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ." } ] }, { "value": "Robert F. Foley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_F._Foley", "summary": "Robert Franklin Foley ( born May 30 , 1941 ) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who served in the Vietnam War . Born in Newton , Massachusetts , he received the Medal of Honor for leading his unit , Company A , 2d Battalion , 27th Infantry , 25th Infantry Division , in an assault on a strong enemy position on November 5 , 1966 . He was awarded the Medal of Honor along with Sergeant John F. Baker , Jr. , who earned his own medal in the same battle ." } ] }, { "value": "1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Captain , later Lieutenant General ; recipient of the MOH for actions on 11 November 1966 for rallying his unit in the face of superior enemy numbers and personally destroying three enemy strongpoints ; West Point Commandant of Cadets ( 1992-1994 ) ; later president of Marion Military Institute ; currently the director of the Army Emergency Relief Program", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)", "summary": "In the United States Army ( USA ) , U.S. Marine Corps ( USMC ) , and U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) , captain ( abbreviated CPT in the USA and Capt in the USMC and USAF ) is a company grade officer rank , with the pay grade of O-3 . It ranks above first lieutenant and below major . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system . The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)", "summary": "In the United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and the United States Air Force , lieutenant general ( abbreviated LTG in the Army , Lt Gen in the Air Force , and LtGen in the Marine Corps ) is a three-star general officer rank , with the pay grade of O-9 . Lieutenant general ranks above major general and below general . Lieutenant general is equivalent to the rank of vice admiral in the other uniformed services ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marion_Military_Institute", "summary": "Marion Military Institute , the Military College of Alabama , ( MMI , sometimes Marion Institute , Marion Military , or simply Marion ) is a public military junior college in Marion , Alabama . Founded in 1842 , it is the official state military college of Alabama and the nation 's oldest military junior college . Marion Military Institute is one of only four Military Junior Colleges in the United States . These programs include the Army 's two-year Early Commissioning Program ( ECP ) , an Army Reserve Officers Training Corps program through which qualified cadets can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college . MMI 's ECP is one of the country 's leading U.S. Army commissioning programs . The Service Academy Program ( SAP ) is a freshman year of academic and physical preparation for students who wish to attend one of the Service Academies in the United States . It is designated , endorsed , and selected by all five Service Academies . MMI also offers Marine Corps Platoon Leaders Course ( PLC ) and the first two years of Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps . Over the years , MMI has produced more than 200 generals and admirals in the United States Armed Forces . MMI is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award Associate of Arts and Associate of Science degrees . It has association memberships in the Association of Military Colleges and Schools of the United States and the Alabama College Conference . The accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Commission on International and Trans-Regional Accreditation entitles all the services and privileges of regional , national and international professional recognition ." } ] }, { "value": "Paul William Bucha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paul_William_Bucha", "summary": "Paul William Bucha ( born August 1 , 1943 ) is an American Vietnam War veteran and recipient of the Medal of Honor . He was a foreign policy adviser to Barack Obama 's 2008 presidential campaign ." } ] }, { "value": "1965", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Captain ; recipient of the MOH for actions leading his unit against a larger enemy for in Bình Dương Province , Vietnam ; foreign policy adviser to Barack Obama 's 2008 presidential campaign", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)", "summary": "In the United States Army ( USA ) , U.S. Marine Corps ( USMC ) , and U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) , captain ( abbreviated CPT in the USA and Capt in the USMC and USAF ) is a company grade officer rank , with the pay grade of O-3 . It ranks above first lieutenant and below major . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system . The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bình_Dương_Province", "summary": "Bình Dương ( listen ) is a province of Vietnam . It is located in the Southeast region of the country and the Southern Key Economic Zone 2 , bordering Bình Phước Province to the north , Ho Chi Minh City ( HCMC ) to the south and southwest , Tây Ninh Province to the west , and Đồng Nai Province to the east . The province was created from Sông Bé Province on 1 January 1997 . Bình Dương is considered to be the gateway to HCMC , the economic cultural centre of the country . Endowed with convenient geography conditions , Bình Dương has an extremely important road network . Major highways of the country cross Bình Dương such as National Road ( NR ) no . 13 , NR no . 14 , the HCMC Route and the Trans-Asian Highway . Bình Dương is only 10 - 15 km from Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport and important ports . All of the advantages create favourable conditions to achieve social and economic development ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vietnam", "summary": "Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Việt Nam pronounced [ vîət nāːm ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam ) , is the easternmost country on the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula . With an estimated 95.5 million inhabitants as of 2018 [ update ] , it is the 15th most populous country in the world . Vietnam shares its land borders with China to the north , and Laos and Cambodia to the west . It shares its maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand , and the Philippines , Indonesia and Malaysia through the South China Sea . [ n 5 ] Its capital city is Hanoi , while its most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City , also known by its former name of Saigon . Archaeological excavations indicate that Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age . The ancient Vietnamese nation was annexed by China in the 2nd century BC , which subsequently made Vietnam a division of China for over a millennium . The first independent monarchy emerged in the 10th century AD . This paved the way for successive imperial dynasties as the nation expanded geographically southward until the Indochinese Peninsula saw French colonisation in the mid-19th century . Modern Vietnam was born upon the Proclamation of Independence from France in 1945 . Following Vietnamese victory against the French in the First Indochina War , which ended in 1954 , the nation was divided into two rival states : communist North and anti-communist South . Conflicts intensified in the Vietnam War , which saw extensive US intervention in support of South Vietnam and ended with North Vietnamese victory in 1975 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Foreign_policy", "summary": "A country 's foreign policy , also called foreign relations or foreign affairs policy , consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu . The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries . The study of such strategies is called foreign policy analysis . In recent decades , due to the deepening level of globalization and transnational activities , states also must interact with non-state actors . These interactions evaluated and monitored in seeking the benefits of bilateral and multilateral international cooperation . Since the national interests are paramount , governments design their foreign policies through high-level decision-making processes . National interests may be accomplished as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations , or through exploitation . Usually , creating foreign policy is the job of the head of government and the foreign minister ( or equivalent ) . In some countries , the legislature also has considerable effects . Foreign policies of countries have varying rates of change and scopes of intent , which can be affected by factors that change the perceived national interests or even affect the stability of the country itself . The foreign policy of a country can have a profound and lasting impact on other countries and on the course of international relations as a whole , such as the Monroe Doctrine conflicting with the mercantilism policies of 19th-century European countries and the goals of independence of newly formed Central American and South American countries ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Barack_Obama", "summary": "Barack Hussein Obama II ( /bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/ ( listen ) ; born August 4 , 1961 ) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he was the first African-American president of the United States . He previously served as a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004 . Obama was born in Honolulu , Hawaii . After graduating from Columbia University in 1983 , he worked as a community organizer in Chicago . In 1988 , he enrolled in Harvard Law School , where he was the first black person to head the Harvard Law Review . After graduating , he became a civil rights attorney and an academic , teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004 . Turning to elective politics , he represented the 13th district from 1997 until 2004 in the Illinois Senate , when he ran for the U.S. Senate . Obama received national attention in 2004 with his March Senate-primary win , his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address , and his landslide November election to the Senate . In 2008 , he was nominated for president a year after his presidential campaign began , and after close primary campaigns against Hillary Clinton . Obama was elected over Republican John McCain and was inaugurated on January 20 , 2009 . Nine months later , he was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate ." }, { "url": "/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election", "summary": "The 2008 United States presidential election was the 56th quadrennial presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 4 , 2008 . The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama , the junior U.S . Senator from Illinois , and Joe Biden , the senior U.S . Senator from Delaware , defeated the Republican ticket of John McCain , the senior Senator from Arizona , and Sarah Palin , the Governor of Alaska . Obama became the first African American ever to be elected to the presidency . Incumbent Republican President George W. Bush was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment . As neither Bush nor Vice President Dick Cheney sought the presidency , the 2008 election was the first election since 1952 in which neither major party 's presidential nominee was the incumbent president or the incumbent vice president . McCain secured the Republican nomination by March 2008 , defeating Mitt Romney , Mike Huckabee , and other challengers . The Democratic primaries were marked by a sharp contest between Obama and the initial front-runner , Senator Hillary Clinton . Clinton 's victory in the New Hampshire primary made her the first woman to win a major party 's presidential primary . [ nb 1 ] After a long primary season , Obama clinched the Democratic nomination in June 2008 . Early campaigning focused heavily on the Iraq War and Bush 's unpopularity ." } ] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_United_States_Military_Academy_alumni_20", "intro": "The United States Military Academy (USMA) is an undergraduate college in West Point, New York with the mission of educating and commissioning officers for the United States Army. The Academy was founded in 1802 and is the oldest of the United States' five service academies. It is also referred to as West Point (the name of the military base that the Academy is a part of.) The Academy graduated its first cadet, Joseph Gardner Swift, in October 1802. Sports media refer to the Academy as Army and the students as Cadets; this usage is officially endorsed. The football team is also known as The Black Knights of the Hudson and The Black Knights. A small number of graduates each year choose the option of cross-commissioning into the United States Air Force, United States Navy, or the United States Marine Corps. Before the founding of the United States Air Force Academy in 1955, the Academy was a major source of officers for the Air Force and its predecessors. Most cadets are admitted through the congressional appointment system. The curriculum emphasizes the sciences and engineering fields. The list is drawn from graduates, non-graduate former cadets, current cadets, and faculty of the Military Academy. Notable graduates include 2 American Presidents, 4 additional heads of state, 20 astronauts, 74 Medal of Honor recipients, 70 Rhodes Scholars, and 3 Heisman Trophy winners." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Monuments_in_County_Kildare", "title": "List of National Monuments in County Kildare", "header": [ "NM #", "Monument name", "Description", "Townland", "Location" ], "data": [ { "value": "681", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Conolly 's Folly", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conolly's_Folly", "summary": "The Conolly Folly ( Irish : Baois Uí Chongaile ) , a.k.a . The Obelisk , is an obelisk structure and National Monument located near Maynooth , County Kildare , Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "Folly/Obelisk", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barrogstown West", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53°22′09″N 6°33′38″W / 53.369076°N 6.560519°W / 53.369076 ; -6.560519 ( Conolly 's Folly )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "471", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Castledermot Round Tower", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castledermot_Round_Tower", "summary": "Castledermot Round Tower is a 10th-century round tower in Castledermot , County Kildare , Ireland . The tower , and the high crosses nearby , are a National Monument ." } ] }, { "value": "Round Tower & Crosses", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Castledermot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castledermot", "summary": "Castledermot ( Irish : Diseart Diarmada , meaning Dermot 's Hermitage ) is an inland village in the south-east of Ireland in County Kildare , about 75 km ( 47 mi ) from Dublin , and 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) from the town of Carlow . The N9 road from Dublin to Waterford previously passed through the village but upon completion of a motorway bypass in 2010 , it was redesignated the R448 ." } ] }, { "value": "52°54′38″N 6°50′06″W / 52.910458°N 6.834934°W / 52.910458 ; -6.834934", "urls": [] }, { "value": "200", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Castledermot Abbey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castledermot_Abbey", "summary": "Castledermot Abbey is a ruined Franciscan friary in Castledermot , County Kildare , in the Republic of Ireland . It was founded in about the year 1300 . A previous monastery was founded on the same site by Diarmait , a son of Áed Róin , King of Ulster , in the ninth century AD ." } ] }, { "value": "Friary ( Franciscan )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Castledermot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castledermot", "summary": "Castledermot ( Irish : Diseart Diarmada , meaning Dermot 's Hermitage ) is an inland village in the south-east of Ireland in County Kildare , about 75 km ( 47 mi ) from Dublin , and 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) from the town of Carlow . The N9 road from Dublin to Waterford previously passed through the village but upon completion of a motorway bypass in 2010 , it was redesignated the R448 ." } ] }, { "value": "52°54′31″N 6°50′14″W / 52.908556°N 6.837141°W / 52.908556 ; -6.837141", "urls": [] }, { "value": "394", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Furness Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Furness_Church", "summary": "Furness Church is a 13th-century Norman church located in County Kildare , Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "Church", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forenaghts Great", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53°13′24″N 6°36′05″W / 53.22336275°N 6.60147609°W / 53.22336275 ; -6.60147609", "urls": [] }, { "value": "629", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grange Castle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grange_Castle", "summary": "Grange Castle , Irish : Caisleán na Gráinsí , is in Grange West , County Kildare , Ireland . It is an Irish National Monument ." } ] }, { "value": "Castle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grange West", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53°22′30″N 7°04′05″W / 53.375118°N 7.068169°W / 53.375118 ; -7.068169", "urls": [] }, { "value": "528", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jigginstown House", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jigginstown_Castle", "summary": "Jigginstown Castle is a ruined 17th-century house and National Monument near Naas , County Kildare , Ireland . It was constructed in the late 1630s when Ireland was under the reign of Charles I ( 1625-1649 ) . At the time it was one of the largest buildings in Ireland , and the first to be constructed of red brick : the plans provided for a pavement and columns of Kilkenny marble . Jigginstown Castle was built on the periphery of an area known as The Pale , which was on the outskirts of Dublin . It was an area which was guarded on its outskirts by the English plantation settlers to protect valuables and livestock . The castle has also been previously known as Siggingstown Castle . Thomas Wentworth , Earl of Strafford and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the 1630s , was responsible for the construction . His intention was for the castle to be a place where the King could reside on royal visits to Ireland . The downfall and execution for treason of Lord Strafford in 1641 meant that the house was never completed , and it was largely destroyed during the civil strife of the 1640s , although , according to Strafford 's biographer Veronica Wedgwood , the foundations were still visible in the 1950s . The basement and castle 's ground floor still stand to this day ." } ] }, { "value": "House - 16th/17th Century", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jigginstown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53°12′50″N 6°40′57″W / 53.213788°N 6.682488°W / 53.213788 ; -6.682488", "urls": [] }, { "value": "275", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kilteel Castle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kilteel_Castle", "summary": "Kilteel ( Irish : Cill Chéile ) is the name of a village , townland and civil parish located in the barony of South Salt , County Kildare , Ireland . The townland of Kilteel Upper contains the remains of a church with a decorated Romanesque chancel arch , the ruins of a 13th-century preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller and a well-preserved 15th-century tower house . The historic settlement is located on the southwest corner of the English Pale and served an important function as a border fortress during the medieval period ." } ] }, { "value": "Castle & Cross", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kilteel Upper", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kilteel", "summary": "Kilteel ( Irish : Cill Chéile ) is the name of a village , townland and civil parish located in the barony of South Salt , County Kildare , Ireland . The townland of Kilteel Upper contains the remains of a church with a decorated Romanesque chancel arch , the ruins of a 13th-century preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller and a well-preserved 15th-century tower house . The historic settlement is located on the southwest corner of the English Pale and served an important function as a border fortress during the medieval period ." } ] }, { "value": "53°14′03″N 6°31′32″W / 53.234136°N 6.525565°W / 53.234136 ; -6.525565", "urls": [] }, { "value": "485", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maynooth Castle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maynooth_Castle", "summary": "Maynooth Castle is a ruined 12th century castle in Maynooth , County Kildare , Ireland which stands at the entrance to the South Campus of Maynooth University . Constructed in the early 13th century , it became the primary residence of the Kildare Fitzmaurice and Fitzgerald family ." } ] }, { "value": "Castle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maynooth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maynooth", "summary": "Maynooth ( /məˈnuːθ/ ; Irish : Maigh Nuad ) is a university town in north County Kildare , Ireland . It is home to Maynooth University ( part of the National University of Ireland and also known as the National University of Ireland , Maynooth ) and St Patrick 's College , a Pontifical University and Ireland 's main Roman Catholic seminary . Maynooth is also the seat of the Irish Catholic Bishops ' Conference and holds the headquarters of Ireland 's largest development charity , Trócaire . Maynooth is located 24 kilometres ( 15 miles ) west of central Dublin ." } ] }, { "value": "53°22′51″N 6°35′40″W / 53.38079°N 6.5944°W / 53.38079 ; -6.5944 ( Maynooth Castle )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "674", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Moone High Cross", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Moone", "summary": "Moone ( Irish : Maoin or Maen Colmcille , meaning Colmcille 's property ) is a small village in the south of County Kildare , Ireland . It is on the former N9 road ( now by-passed ) about 80 km ( 50 mi ) south of Dublin . It has only a few hundred inhabitants , a church , a national school , one shop and a small community centre . There is also pub called the Moone High Cross Inn ." } ] }, { "value": "High Cross", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Moone", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Moone", "summary": "Moone ( Irish : Maoin or Maen Colmcille , meaning Colmcille 's property ) is a small village in the south of County Kildare , Ireland . It is on the former N9 road ( now by-passed ) about 80 km ( 50 mi ) south of Dublin . It has only a few hundred inhabitants , a church , a national school , one shop and a small community centre . There is also pub called the Moone High Cross Inn ." } ] }, { "value": "53°46′31″N 7°30′01″W / 53.775218°N 7.500249°W / 53.775218 ; -7.500249", "urls": [] }, { "value": "589", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mullaghreelan Rath", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mullaghreelan_Rath", "summary": "Mullaghreelan Rath ( Irish : Ráth Mhullach Raoileann ) is a ringfort ( rath ) and National Monument located in County Kildare , Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "Ringfort", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mullaghreelan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mullaghreelan", "summary": "Mullaghreelan Rath ( Irish : Ráth Mhullach Raoileann ) is a ringfort ( rath ) and National Monument located in County Kildare , Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "52°56′09″N 6°52′24″W / 52.935953°N 6.873419°W / 52.935953 ; -6.873419", "urls": [] }, { "value": "71", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Old Kilcullen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Old_Kilcullen", "summary": "Old Kilcullen , formerly Kilcullen ( Cill Chuilinn , the Church of the Holly in Irish ) , is a townland in County Kildare , Ireland , which includes a noted religious archaeological site within its boundary . As a townland it is relatively large ( 792 acres ) but lightly populated ( 79 premises ) . The location of the townland is roughly contained within the R418 and R448 routes starting at its most northerly point , a crossroads known locally as Thompson 's Cross . The townland continues south from this point as far as Harklow and is intersected in its north east corner by the M9 motorway at Abbeyaun . Old Kilcullen was formerly the site of a walled town , and before that of an ecclesiastical settlement dating from the 5th century . The original settlement gave its name to the substantial surrounding civil parish and barony . The urban centre of the area moved 2 km north-east to Kilcullen Bridge on the River Liffey , often now simply known as Kilcullen , following the construction of a bridge there in 1319 . Old Kilcullen is just under 5 km from Newbridge and approximately 13 km from Naas . Old Kilcullen is the site of a round tower and a decorated High Cross . Another , much older , historic site , Dun Ailinne , is located approximately one kilometre away to the north at Knockaulin ." } ] }, { "value": "Church , Round Tower & Crosses", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Old Kilcullen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Old_Kilcullen", "summary": "Old Kilcullen , formerly Kilcullen ( Cill Chuilinn , the Church of the Holly in Irish ) , is a townland in County Kildare , Ireland , which includes a noted religious archaeological site within its boundary . As a townland it is relatively large ( 792 acres ) but lightly populated ( 79 premises ) . The location of the townland is roughly contained within the R418 and R448 routes starting at its most northerly point , a crossroads known locally as Thompson 's Cross . The townland continues south from this point as far as Harklow and is intersected in its north east corner by the M9 motorway at Abbeyaun . Old Kilcullen was formerly the site of a walled town , and before that of an ecclesiastical settlement dating from the 5th century . The original settlement gave its name to the substantial surrounding civil parish and barony . The urban centre of the area moved 2 km north-east to Kilcullen Bridge on the River Liffey , often now simply known as Kilcullen , following the construction of a bridge there in 1319 . Old Kilcullen is just under 5 km from Newbridge and approximately 13 km from Naas . Old Kilcullen is the site of a round tower and a decorated High Cross . Another , much older , historic site , Dun Ailinne , is located approximately one kilometre away to the north at Knockaulin ." } ] }, { "value": "53°06′25″N 6°45′45″W / 53.106967°N 6.762521°W / 53.106967 ; -6.762521 ( Old Kilcullen )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "190", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oughter Ard Tower", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oughter_Ard", "summary": "Oughterard ( Irish : Uachtar Árd , a high place ) is an ecclesiastical hilltop site , graveyard , townland , and formerly a parish , borough and royal manor in County Kildare , nowadays part of the community of Ardclough , close to the Dublin border . It is the burial place of Arthur Guinness ." } ] }, { "value": "Round Tower & Church", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oughter Ard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oughter_Ard", "summary": "Oughterard ( Irish : Uachtar Árd , a high place ) is an ecclesiastical hilltop site , graveyard , townland , and formerly a parish , borough and royal manor in County Kildare , nowadays part of the community of Ardclough , close to the Dublin border . It is the burial place of Arthur Guinness ." } ] }, { "value": "53°16′40″N 6°33′57″W / 53.277716°N 6.565894°W / 53.277716 ; -6.565894", "urls": [] }, { "value": "305", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Punchestown Longstone", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punchestown_Longstone", "summary": "Punchestown Longstone is a menhir ( standing stone ) and National Monument near Naas , Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "Standing Stone", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Punchestown Great", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53°11′31″N 6°37′43″W / 53.191838°N 6.628536°W / 53.191838 ; -6.628536", "urls": [] }, { "value": "404", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rathcoffey Castle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rathcoffey_Castle", "summary": "Rathcoffey Castle is a 15th century castle found in Rathcoffey , County Kildare , Ireland . It is a National Monument ." } ] }, { "value": "Castle gatehouse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rathcoffey Demesne", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53°19′53″N 6°39′53″W / 53.331396°N 6.664763°W / 53.331396 ; -6.664763", "urls": [] }, { "value": "503", "urls": [] }, { "value": "St John 's Tower", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_John's_Tower_(Castledermot)", "summary": "Saint John 's Tower , also called the Pigeon Tower , is a tower in Castledermot , County Kildare , Ireland . A former bell tower , it is all that remains of a medieval leper hospital and is a National Monument ." } ] }, { "value": "Tower , formerly part of hospital", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Skenagun", "urls": [] }, { "value": "52°54′41″N 6°50′23″W / 52.911404°N 6.839839°W / 52.911404 ; -6.839839", "urls": [] }, { "value": "70 , 578", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taghadoe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taghadoe", "summary": "Taghadoe in County Kildare is the site of an ancient monastic settlement and Round Tower , there is a graveyard and the ruins of a 19th-century church . It is situated 5 km from Maynooth , off the Straffan Road . The name is derived from Teach Tua or House of Tua in Irish , Saint Tua ( Ultan the Silent ) the abbot of Clonmacnoise , was responsible for founding the monastic settlement here . The site dates back to the 6th Century . The Round Tower used for about 1000 years but was left in ruins by the 17th Century . Most of the burials were in the 17th and 18th century and it was used by Roman Catholics . A John Dillon of Carton had bequeathed £1,000 for the building of a church on the site ; the Duke of Leinster was the executor of his will . The Church which was constructed on the site in 1831 for the Church of Ireland by a donation from the Board of First Fruits of £830 , this church was only active for 40 years and while derelict its walls are quite intact . The Tower was declared a National Monument in 1886 , and the site is in the care of the Office of Public Works ( OPW ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Round Tower and Church", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taghadoe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taghadoe", "summary": "Taghadoe in County Kildare is the site of an ancient monastic settlement and Round Tower , there is a graveyard and the ruins of a 19th-century church . It is situated 5 km from Maynooth , off the Straffan Road . The name is derived from Teach Tua or House of Tua in Irish , Saint Tua ( Ultan the Silent ) the abbot of Clonmacnoise , was responsible for founding the monastic settlement here . The site dates back to the 6th Century . The Round Tower used for about 1000 years but was left in ruins by the 17th Century . Most of the burials were in the 17th and 18th century and it was used by Roman Catholics . A John Dillon of Carton had bequeathed £1,000 for the building of a church on the site ; the Duke of Leinster was the executor of his will . The Church which was constructed on the site in 1831 for the Church of Ireland by a donation from the Board of First Fruits of £830 , this church was only active for 40 years and while derelict its walls are quite intact . The Tower was declared a National Monument in 1886 , and the site is in the care of the Office of Public Works ( OPW ) ." } ] }, { "value": "53°21′12″N 6°36′48″W / 53.353199°N 6.613237°W / 53.353199 ; -6.613237", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "National Monuments", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_National_Monuments_in_County_Kildare_0", "intro": "The Irish state has officially approved the following List of National Monuments in County Kildare. In the Republic of Ireland, a structure or site may be deemed to be a National Monument, and therefore worthy of state protection, if it is of national importance. If the land adjoining the monument is essential to protect it, this land may also be protected." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_World_Championships_in_Athletics", "title": "1980 World Championships in Athletics", "header": [ "Rank", "Name", "Nationality", "Time" ], "data": [ { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bärbel Broschat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bärbel_Broschat", "summary": "Bärbel Broschat ( née Klepp , born 2 November 1957 in Magdeburg ) is a retired East German 400 metres hurdler ." } ] }, { "value": "East Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_Germany", "summary": "East Germany , officially the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German : Deutsche Demokratische Republik [ ˈdɔʏtʃə demoˈkʁaːtɪʃə ʁepuˈbliːk ] , DDR ) , was a state that existed from 1949 to 1990 , the period when the eastern portion of Germany was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War . Commonly described as a communist state in English usage , it described itself as a socialist workers ' and peasants ' state . It consisted of territory that was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II - the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement , bounded on the east by the Oder-Neisse line . The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it ; as a result , West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR . The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet zone , while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones . East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union . Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 , and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949 . However , Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War . Until 1989 , the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) , though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation , the National Front . The SED made the teaching of Marxism-Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools . The economy was centrally planned and increasingly state-owned . Prices of housing , basic goods and services were set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand ; and were heavily subsidised ." } ] }, { "value": "54.55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ellen Neumann", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ellen_Fiedler", "summary": "Ellen Fiedler , ( née Neumann , born 26 November 1958 in Demmin , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) is a former East German 400 metres hurdler . She won the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , in a career best time of 53.63 seconds . This ranks her third among German 400 m hurdlers , only behind Sabine Busch and Cornelia Ullrich . She also won the 1981 IAAF World Cup event , took the silver medal in the hurdles at the 1980 World Championships in Athletics , won the bronze medal at the 1983 World Championships and finished sixth at the 1986 European Championships . At the 1983 World Championships she also won a gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay . Although it was Gesine Walther , Sabine Busch , Marita Koch and Dagmar Rübsam who ran in the final , Fiedler had run in the qualifying round . Fiedler represented the sports club SC Dynamo Berlin , and became East German champion in 1981 , 1982 and 1983 . Fiedler is 1.76 metres tall ; during her active career she weighed 66 kg ." } ] }, { "value": "East Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_Germany", "summary": "East Germany , officially the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German : Deutsche Demokratische Republik [ ˈdɔʏtʃə demoˈkʁaːtɪʃə ʁepuˈbliːk ] , DDR ) , was a state that existed from 1949 to 1990 , the period when the eastern portion of Germany was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War . Commonly described as a communist state in English usage , it described itself as a socialist workers ' and peasants ' state . It consisted of territory that was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II - the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement , bounded on the east by the Oder-Neisse line . The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it ; as a result , West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR . The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet zone , while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones . East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union . Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 , and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949 . However , Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War . Until 1989 , the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) , though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation , the National Front . The SED made the teaching of Marxism-Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools . The economy was centrally planned and increasingly state-owned . Prices of housing , basic goods and services were set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand ; and were heavily subsidised ." } ] }, { "value": "54.56", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Petra Pfaff", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Petra_Pfaff", "summary": "Petra Pfaff ( born 16 October 1960 in Hoyerswerda ) is a retired East German 400 metres hurdler . In 1980 , a special edition of the World Championships was staged in Sittard , holding events not yet on the Olympic programme . Pfaff won the bronze medal in the 400 m hurdles behind compatriots Bärbel Broschat and Ellen Neumann . Pfaff later won the silver medal in the women 's 400m hurdles at the 1982 European Championships behind Sweden 's Ann-Louise Skoglund . In 1983 she finished fourth at the World Championships . Her result was 54.64 seconds , the best time she had in her career . Pfaff represented the sports club SC Cottbus , and became East German champion in 1980 . Pfaff is 1.72 metres tall ; during her active career she weighed 58 kg ." } ] }, { "value": "East Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_Germany", "summary": "East Germany , officially the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German : Deutsche Demokratische Republik [ ˈdɔʏtʃə demoˈkʁaːtɪʃə ʁepuˈbliːk ] , DDR ) , was a state that existed from 1949 to 1990 , the period when the eastern portion of Germany was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War . Commonly described as a communist state in English usage , it described itself as a socialist workers ' and peasants ' state . It consisted of territory that was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II - the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement , bounded on the east by the Oder-Neisse line . The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it ; as a result , West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR . The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet zone , while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones . East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union . Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 , and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949 . However , Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War . Until 1989 , the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) , though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation , the National Front . The SED made the teaching of Marxism-Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools . The economy was centrally planned and increasingly state-owned . Prices of housing , basic goods and services were set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand ; and were heavily subsidised ." } ] }, { "value": "55.84", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mary Appleby", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland", "summary": "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ." } ] }, { "value": "56.51", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Esther Mahr", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "56.81", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hilde Frederiksen", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Norway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." } ] }, { "value": "56.85", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lynette Foreman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lynette_Foreman", "summary": "Lynette May Lyn Foreman OAM ( née Young ; born 5 March 1957 ) is a former champion hurdler who competed for Western Australia and Australia from 1979 to 1982 . She was the national 400m hurdles champion three times between 1979 and 1981 . In the IAAF World Championships event in 1980 , Young-Foreman made the final of the 400m hurdles , finishing 7th with continuing good form for the next two seasons . At the 1982 Commonwealth Games , she ran as the nominal favourite but was beaten by rising star Debbie Flintoff , who set a personal best and new Commonwealth Record to win a gold medal at her international debut . Forman qualified for the 800m in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and in 2000 was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for Outstanding service as an international athlete and since as a coach and team official . Currently she is an elite Level 5 coach and the head track coach at the Western Australian Institute of Sport . Foreman received the Medal of the Order of Australia ( OAM ) in the 2018 Queen 's Birthday Honours for service to athletics . Foreman was married to ABC commentator and sports administrator Wally Foreman until his death in 2006 . They have two children ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "58.24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "N/A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christine Warden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christine_Warden", "summary": "Christine Warden ( née Ηοwell ; born 26 December 1950 ) is an English former 400 metres hurdler . She finished fourth representing Europe at the 1979 IAAF World Cup and reached the 1980 World Championship final . Her 400 m hurdles best of 56.06 seconds set in 1979 , is a former British record and still ranks her in the UK all-time top 20 ." } ] }, { "value": "Great Britain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "400 metres hurdles results -- `` A '' final", "section_text": "", "uid": "1980_World_Championships_in_Athletics_2", "intro": "The 1980 World Championships in Athletics was the second global, international athletics competition organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Hosted from 14 to 16 August 1980 at the De Baandert in Sittard, Netherlands, it featured two events: the women's 400 metres hurdles and the women's 3000 metres run. West Germany's Birgit Friedmann took the first women's world title in the 3000 m, while her East German counterpart Bärbel Broschat became the first women's 400 m hurdles world champion." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_Schools_Athletic_Foundation,_Inc.", "title": "Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc.", "header": [ "Institution", "Location", "Founded", "Affiliation", "Nickname", "Population" ], "data": [ { "value": "Cebu Eastern College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_Eastern_College", "summary": "Cebu Eastern College is a Chinese Filipino school at the corner of Dimasalang and Leon Kilat in Cebu City , Philippines . The campus offers kindergarten , elementary , high school and college classes . Their other campus is at D. Jakosalem which offers classes up to the elementary level . CEC offers Chinese classes as well as English and Filipino subjects ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1915", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Non-sectarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dragons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cebu Institute of Technology - University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_Institute_of_Technology_–_University", "summary": "The Cebu Institute of Technology - University ( CIT-University , or less often CIT-U , and colloquially , CIT ) is a private non-sectarian academic institution , providing basic and higher education with a foundation in general and technological education in the Philippines . The university was known then as simply Cebu Institute of Technology until 2009 . CIT is the first higher educational institution ( HEI ) in the Visayas and Mindanao classified as Category A ( t ) . This places CIT as a mature teaching institution under the CHED-IQuAME framework . IQuAME is the Institutional Quality Assurance through Monitoring and Evaluation , a system of higher education quality assurance and classification . CIT is one of only nine schools nationwide awarded by the Commission on Higher Education ( CHED ) as Center of Excellence in Information Technology Education ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1946", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Non-sectarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wildkittens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CIT-U_Wildcats", "summary": "The Cebu Institute of Technology - University ( CIT-University , or less often CIT-U , and colloquially , CIT ) is a private non-sectarian academic institution , providing basic and higher education with a foundation in general and technological education in the Philippines . The university was known then as simply Cebu Institute of Technology until 2009 . CIT is the first higher educational institution ( HEI ) in the Visayas and Mindanao classified as Category A ( t ) . This places CIT as a mature teaching institution under the CHED-IQuAME framework . IQuAME is the Institutional Quality Assurance through Monitoring and Evaluation , a system of higher education quality assurance and classification . CIT is one of only nine schools nationwide awarded by the Commission on Higher Education ( CHED ) as Center of Excellence in Information Technology Education ." } ] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Don Bosco Technology Center", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Salesian", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salesian", "summary": "The Salesians of Don Bosco ( SDB ; also known as the Salesian Society or Salesian Order ; officially named the Society of St Francis de Sales ) is a Catholic religious institute of the Latin Church , founded in the late nineteenth century by Italian priest Saint John Bosco to help poor children during the Industrial Revolution . The Salesians ' charter describes the society 's mission as the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young , especially the poor , and the education of boys to the priesthood . The institute is named after Francis de Sales , an early-modern bishop from Geneva ." } ] }, { "value": "Baby Greywolves", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sacred Heart School - Ateneo de Cebu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sacred_Heart_School_–_Ateneo_de_Cebu", "summary": "Sacred Heart School - Ateneo de Cebu ( SHS-AdC ) ( simplified Chinese : 宿务亚典耀圣心学校 ; traditional Chinese : 宿務亞典耀聖心學校 ; pinyin : Sùwù Yàdiǎnyào Shèngxīn Xuéxiào ; informally shortened as Ateneo de Cebu ) , originally known as Sacred Heart School for Boys ( SHS-B ) , is a private , Catholic , Chinese-Filipino college-preparatory , K-12 school run by the Philippine Province of the Society of Jesus . It was established in 1955 with a curriculum that includes a Chinese language program . On 4 March 2010 , the Board of Trustees of the Sacred Heart School unanimously approved the changing of the school 's official name to Sacred Heart School - Ateneo de Cebu . Previously , its name was Sacred Heart School of the Society of Jesus or Sacred Heart School - Jesuit ( SHS-J ) . After its renaming , SHS-AdC became the ninth Jesuit school in the Philippines to bear the prestigious Ateneo name . Sacred Heart School - Ateneo de Cebu , aside from providing academic excellence , also serves as a bridge between the Filipino and Chinese Filipino communities through Christian education that accepts not only Chinese Filipinos but also students who have no Chinese roots ." } ] }, { "value": "Mandaue City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mandaue_City", "summary": "Mandaue , officially the City of Mandaue ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Mandaue ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Mandaue ) or simply known as Mandaue City , is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the island province of Cebu in the region of Central Visayas , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 362,654 people . Mandaue City is located on the central-eastern coastal region of Cebu . Its southwest coast borders Mactan Island where Lapu-Lapu City is located and is connected to the island via two bridges : the Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge . Mandaue City is bounded on the north by the town of Consolacion , to the east by the Camotes Sea , and to the west and south by Cebu City . It is one of three highly urbanized cities on Cebu island and forms a part of the Cebu Metropolitan area and is part of the Sixth District of Cebu joined with the municipalities of Consolacion and Cordova . Although qualified for a lone district since 1991 , this was neglected by lawmakers . However , as of 5 April 2019 , President Duterte recently signed a law declaring this city as a lone legislative district ." } ] }, { "value": "1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Jesuits", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jesuits", "summary": "The Society of Jesus ( SJ ; Latin : Societas Iesu ) is a religious order of the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome . It was founded by Ignatius of Loyola with the approval of Pope Paul III in 1540 . The members are called Jesuits ( Latin : Iesuitæ ) . The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations . Jesuits work in education , research , and cultural pursuits . Jesuits also give retreats , minister in hospitals and parishes , sponsor direct social ministries , and promote ecumenical dialogue . Saint Ignatius of Loyola , a Navarre nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain , founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona . He composed the Spiritual Exercises to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ . In 1534 , Ignatius and six other young men , including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber , gathered and professed vows of poverty , chastity , and later obedience , including a special vow of obedience to the Pope in matters of mission direction and assignment . Ignatius 's plan of the order 's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the Formula of the Institute . Ignatius was a nobleman who had a military background , and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world , where they might be required to live in extreme conditions . Accordingly , the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God [ a ] to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine ." } ] }, { "value": "Magis Eagles", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Southwestern University PHINMA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southwestern_University_(Philippines)", "summary": "The Southwestern University ( SWU ) , officially the Southwestern University PHINMA , is a private university in Cebu City , Philippines founded on 1946 by two pharmacists . It started as Southwestern Colleges in the summer of 1946 and became a university on December 11 , 1959 . The university and hospital have been acquired by PHINMA Group in 2015 . The university was renamed to Southwestern University PHINMA and the hospital from Sacred Heart Hospital to Southwestern University Medical Center . The university changed the logo and closed its South Campus on Basak San Nicolas , Cebu City ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1946", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Non-sectarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Baby Cobras", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SWU_Cobras", "summary": "The Southwestern University ( SWU ) , officially the Southwestern University PHINMA , is a private university in Cebu City , Philippines founded on 1946 by two pharmacists . It started as Southwestern Colleges in the summer of 1946 and became a university on December 11 , 1959 . The university and hospital have been acquired by PHINMA Group in 2015 . The university was renamed to Southwestern University PHINMA and the hospital from Sacred Heart Hospital to Southwestern University Medical Center . The university changed the logo and closed its South Campus on Basak San Nicolas , Cebu City ." } ] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Cebu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Cebu", "summary": "The University of Cebu ( UC ) ( Cebuano : Unibersidad sa Sugbo ; Filipino : Pamantasan ng Cebu ) is an educational institution in Cebu City , Philippines founded in 1964 offering preschool , grade school , junior & senior high school , undergraduate degrees , and post-graduate degrees . It currently has four campuses ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Non-sectarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Junior Webmasters", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Cebu - Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Cebu_-_Lapu-Lapu_and_Mandaue_Campus", "summary": "The University of Cebu ( UC ) ( Cebuano : Unibersidad sa Sugbo ; Filipino : Pamantasan ng Cebu ) is an educational institution in Cebu City , Philippines founded in 1964 offering preschool , grade school , junior & senior high school , undergraduate degrees , and post-graduate degrees . It currently has four campuses ." } ] }, { "value": "Mandaue City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mandaue_City", "summary": "Mandaue , officially the City of Mandaue ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Mandaue ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Mandaue ) or simply known as Mandaue City , is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the island province of Cebu in the region of Central Visayas , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 362,654 people . Mandaue City is located on the central-eastern coastal region of Cebu . Its southwest coast borders Mactan Island where Lapu-Lapu City is located and is connected to the island via two bridges : the Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge . Mandaue City is bounded on the north by the town of Consolacion , to the east by the Camotes Sea , and to the west and south by Cebu City . It is one of three highly urbanized cities on Cebu island and forms a part of the Cebu Metropolitan area and is part of the Sixth District of Cebu joined with the municipalities of Consolacion and Cordova . Although qualified for a lone district since 1991 , this was neglected by lawmakers . However , as of 5 April 2019 , President Duterte recently signed a law declaring this city as a lone legislative district ." } ] }, { "value": "1995", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Non-sectarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UCLM Junior Webmasters", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of San Carlos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_San_Carlos", "summary": "The University of San Carlos ( USC or colloquially shortened to San Carlos ) is a private Catholic research university in Cebu City , Philippines which is administered by the Society of the Divine Word ( SVD ) missionaries since 1935 . It provides basic education ( Montessori academy , grade school , junior high school and senior high school ) , undergraduate and graduate studies higher education . USC is among the biggest university in Cebu City with 5 campuses which have a combined land area of 90 hectares ( Talamban campus has 80 hectares with wide area for expansion and development of university physical facilities ) . It is ranked top four nationwide and top one in the Visayas and Mindanao with the most number of centers of excellence ( 8 COEs ) and centers of development ( 12 CODs ) recognized by the Commission on Higher Education ( CHED ) as of March 2016 . USC is also one of the few universities in the country ranked by the International/Asia Quacquarelli Symonds ( QS ) Rating as among the Top 350 Universities in Asia as of 2016 ( USC is the lone Cebu based university and one of the universities in the Visayas and Mindanao cited by QS Asia as among internationally recognized universities in the Philippines ) . USC is ranked by Scopus as top 8th university in the Phils . with the most number of indexed research publications as of 2018 . The university is certified with International Standards Organization ( ISO ) 9001:2015 Quality Management System for Institutional and Student Support Services as of September 2017 by Technischer Uberwachungsverein ( TUV ) Sud Asia Pacific . USC has about 22,000 students ( otherwise called Carolinians ) of which more than 200 are international students , enrolled in basic education , collegiate undergraduate and graduate programs and served by about 1,100 academic faculty and staff with a teacher to student ratio of 1:20 . About 600 Carolinian students are academic scholars , 200 working student scholars and 300 non-academic scholars ( e.g . athletic & sports , cultural & performing arts ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1595", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Society of the Divine Word", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Society_of_the_Divine_Word", "summary": "The Society of the Divine Word ( Latin : Societas Verbi Divini , abbreviated SVD ) , popularly called Verbites or the Divine Word Missionaries , and sometimes the Steyler Missionaries , is a missionary religious congregation in the Latin Church , one of the 24 sui iuris churches which make up the Catholic Church . [ not verified in body ] As of 2020 , it consisted of 6,023 members composed of priests and Religious Brothers working in 81 countries . It is the largest missionary congregation in the Catholic Church . The superior general is Paulus Budi Kleden who hails from Indonesia ." } ] }, { "value": "Baby Warriors", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/USC_Warriors", "summary": "The University of San Carlos ( USC or colloquially shortened to San Carlos ) is a private Catholic research university in Cebu City , Philippines which is administered by the Society of the Divine Word ( SVD ) missionaries since 1935 . It provides basic education ( Montessori academy , grade school , junior high school and senior high school ) , undergraduate and graduate studies higher education . USC is among the biggest university in Cebu City with 5 campuses which have a combined land area of 90 hectares ( Talamban campus has 80 hectares with wide area for expansion and development of university physical facilities ) . It is ranked top four nationwide and top one in the Visayas and Mindanao with the most number of centers of excellence ( 8 COEs ) and centers of development ( 12 CODs ) recognized by the Commission on Higher Education ( CHED ) as of March 2016 . USC is also one of the few universities in the country ranked by the International/Asia Quacquarelli Symonds ( QS ) Rating as among the Top 350 Universities in Asia as of 2016 ( USC is the lone Cebu based university and one of the universities in the Visayas and Mindanao cited by QS Asia as among internationally recognized universities in the Philippines ) . USC is ranked by Scopus as top 8th university in the Phils . with the most number of indexed research publications as of 2018 . The university is certified with International Standards Organization ( ISO ) 9001:2015 Quality Management System for Institutional and Student Support Services as of September 2017 by Technischer Uberwachungsverein ( TUV ) Sud Asia Pacific . USC has about 22,000 students ( otherwise called Carolinians ) of which more than 200 are international students , enrolled in basic education , collegiate undergraduate and graduate programs and served by about 1,100 academic faculty and staff with a teacher to student ratio of 1:20 . About 600 Carolinian students are academic scholars , 200 working student scholars and 300 non-academic scholars ( e.g . athletic & sports , cultural & performing arts ) ." } ] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of San Jose-Recoletos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_San_Jose–Recoletos", "summary": "The University of San Jose-Recoletos ( USJ-R or colloquially shortened to San Jose ) , formerly known as Colegio de San Jose-Recoletos , is a private research and Catholic university founded in 1947 in Cebu City , Philippines by the Order of Augustinian Recollects . From classes held in an old building and a portion of the convent , the school built modern structures while retaining classic features . The university has three campuses , two of which are located in different areas of Metro Cebu - the main campus along Corner P. Lopez and Magallanes Sts . and the Basak Campus at Cebu South Road , Basak Pardo , Cebu City . Its third campus , the Balamban Campus , is located in Arpili , a barangay in the Municipality of Balamban ( still in the province of Cebu ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1947", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Augustinian Recollect", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Augustinian_Recollect", "summary": "The Order of Augustinian Recollects ( O.A.R . ) , whose members are known as Augustinian Recollects , is a mendicant Catholic religious order of friars and nuns . It is a reformist offshoot from the Augustinian hermit friars and follows the same Rule of St. Augustine ." } ] }, { "value": "Baby Jaguars", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/USJ-R_Jaguars", "summary": "The University of San Jose-Recoletos ( USJ-R or colloquially shortened to San Jose ) , formerly known as Colegio de San Jose-Recoletos , is a private research and Catholic university founded in 1947 in Cebu City , Philippines by the Order of Augustinian Recollects . From classes held in an old building and a portion of the convent , the school built modern structures while retaining classic features . The university has three campuses , two of which are located in different areas of Metro Cebu - the main campus along Corner P. Lopez and Magallanes Sts . and the Basak Campus at Cebu South Road , Basak Pardo , Cebu City . Its third campus , the Balamban Campus , is located in Arpili , a barangay in the Municipality of Balamban ( still in the province of Cebu ) ." } ] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Southern Philippines Foundation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Southern_Philippines_Foundation", "summary": "The University of Southern Philippines Foundation ( USPF ) is a private , foundation , non-sectarian university in Cebu City , Philippines ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1927", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Non-sectarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Baby Panthers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/USPF_Panthers", "summary": "The University of Southern Philippines Foundation ( USPF ) is a private , foundation , non-sectarian university in Cebu City , Philippines ." } ] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of the Visayas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_the_Visayas", "summary": "The University of the Visayas ( UV ) is located in Cebu City , Philippines . It is the first school in the province of Cebu to attain university status ." } ] }, { "value": "Cebu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cebu_City", "summary": "Cebu City , officially the City of Cebu ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Sugbu ; Tagalog : Lungsod ng Cebu ) is a 1st class and highly urbanized city of the island of Cebu in the Central Visayas Region , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 922,611 people , making it the fifth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas . It is the regional center of Central Visayas and is the seat of government for the province of Cebu , but is governed separately from it . The city is a significant center of commerce , trade and education in the Visayas . It is the Philippines ' main domestic shipping port , and is home to about 80% of the country 's domestic shipping companies . Located in the middle of the eastern side of Cebu Island , it is the center of Metro Cebu , the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines by population , economy and land area , which includes the cities of Carcar , Danao , Lapu-Lapu , Mandaue , Naga and Talisay ; and the municipalities ( towns ) of Compostela , Consolacion , Cordova , Liloan , Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu had a total population of 2,849,213 as of 2015 , making it the second-most populous metropolitan area of the nation , after Metro Manila in Luzon . Cebu is the country 's oldest city ; it was the first Spanish settlement , and the first capital of the Philippines . It is the Second City of the Philippines after Manila . The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East . Cebu is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao , on the west by the city of Toledo , on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan , Consolacion and Compostela , and on the south by the city of Talisay . It has entered the list of Condé Nast Traveler thrice : Last 2016 , 2017 , and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1919", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Private , Non-sectarian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Baby Lancers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UV_Green_Lancers", "summary": "The University of the Visayas ( UV ) is located in Cebu City , Philippines . It is the first school in the province of Cebu to attain university status ." } ] }, { "value": "-- -", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Member schools -- Juniors ' division", "section_text": "There are eleven teams in the juniors ' division . All ten schools in the seniors ' division have a team in the juniors ' division . Sacred Heart School – Ateneo de Cebu is the only school without a team in the seniors ' division .", "uid": "Cebu_Schools_Athletic_Foundation,_Inc._1", "intro": "The Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc. (CESAFI) is a sports association of 12 schools, colleges and universities in Cebu, Philippines. The CESAFI was established in 2001." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_U_(Japan)", "title": "List of Virtual Console games for Wii U (Japan)", "header": [ "Title", "Publisher", "Release Date", "CERO" ], "data": [ { "value": "F-Zero for Game Boy Advance", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/F-Zero:_Maximum_Velocity", "summary": "F-Zero : Maximum Velocity [ b ] is a futuristic racing video game developed by NDcube and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance . The game was released in Japan , North America and Europe in 2001 . It is the first F-Zero game to be released on a handheld game console . Maximum Velocity takes place twenty-five years after F-Zero , in another F-Zero Grand Prix . The past generations of F-Zero had piloted their way to fame , so it is the only F-Zero game without Captain Falcon , Samurai Goroh , Pico , or Dr. Stewart . Players control fast hovering crafts and use their speed-boosting abilities to navigate through the courses as quickly as possible ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 3 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Game Boy Wars Advance 1 + 2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Advance_Wars", "summary": "Advance Wars [ a ] is a turn-based tactics video game developed for the Game Boy Advance by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo . It was released in North America on September 10 , 2001 with a later release date in Japan and Europe , but the game release was put on hold in both Japanese and European regions due to the following day 's September 11 attacks in the United States . Although the game was released in Europe in January 2002 , neither GBA game was released in Japan until the Game Boy Wars Advance 1+2 compilation on November 25 , 2004 . Advance Wars has been released for the Wii U Virtual Console simultaneously in Europe and North America on April 3 , 2014 . Advance Wars is the first game in the Advance Wars series of video games , followed by Advance Wars 2 : Black Hole Rising ( also for the Game Boy Advance ) , and then by Advance Wars : Dual Strike and Advance Wars : Days of Ruin for the Nintendo DS . These games form a sub-series of the Wars series set of games . The game was originally intended to remain exclusive to Japan , like the previous entries in the series , which were kept in Japan due to Nintendo feeling that consumers would not be interested in turn-based games , or in such complicated games . In order to alleviate this , the developers made the mechanics easy to understand , adding in an in-depth tutorial that did n't require players to read the manual . Designer Kentaro Nishimura commented that Advance Wars ' success shifted Nintendos attitude over western tastes . The story involves Orange Star Army 's efforts in battling the other countries ' armies , where Orange Star commanding officer Andy is accused of attacking the other countries ' troops for no reason . The game was released to critical acclaim and has been listed among the greatest video games of all time ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Advance_Wars_2:_Black_Hole_Rising", "summary": "Advance Wars 2 : Black Hole Rising [ a ] is a turn-based tactics video game for the Game Boy Advance . It was developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo in 2003 . It is the second game in the Advance Wars sub-series of Nintendo Wars . It is preceded by Advance Wars and followed by Advance Wars : Dual Strike . Black Hole Rising is nearly identical to the previous game in terms of core gameplay ; there was only a small change in overall graphical style and some small content additions . The storyline of this game continues from the previous game , Advance Wars . Black Hole has quickly recovered from its defeat in Cosmo Land , and has gathered forces to invade Macro Land under the command of Sturm , the same commander who led the invasion of Cosmo Land . The protagonists , the Allied Nations , cooperate once again to drive the Black Hole forces out of Macro Land once and for all . The game was well-received , and won the European Computer Trade Show 's Best Handheld Game of the Year award in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 3 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hoshi no Kirby : Kagami no Daimeikyū", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kirby_&_the_Amazing_Mirror", "summary": "Kirby & the Amazing Mirror [ a ] is a Kirby platform video game released in 2004 for the Game Boy Advance . Unlike most Kirby games , King Dedede does not appear in this game . Kirby and the Rainbow Curse for the Wii U is the only other time ( currently ) that King Dedede doesnt appear in a Kirby game ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 3 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Made in Wario", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/WarioWare,_Inc.:_Mega_Microgames!", "summary": "WarioWare , Inc. : Mega Microgames ! , [ a ] stylized as WarioWare , Inc. : Mega Microgame $ ! and known in the PAL region as WarioWare , Inc. : Minigame Mania , is a minigame compilation party video game for the Game Boy Advance . The debut title in the WarioWare series , the game is about rapid completion of microgames , short minigames given to the player consecutively and with increasing speed per each game complete . Developed by Nintendo R & D1 and published by Nintendo , the game was inspired by the Sound Bomber mode of Mario Artist : Polygon Studio for the Nintendo 64DD . The music and sound effects were recycled from Wario Land 4 . The game was produced by Takehiro Izushi and directed by Hirofumi Matsuoka . Matsuoka was also the director of Polygon Studio . Mega Microgames ! was released in 2003 ; in Japan in March , in North America and Europe in May and in Australia in June . Upon its release , WarioWare , Inc. : Mega Microgames ! received critical acclaim , winning GameSpot 's Editor 's Choice Award and Most Innovative Game Award of 2003 , among other awards . The game went on to receive a multiplayer-focused remake called WarioWare , Inc. : Mega Party Games !" } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 3 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ōgon no Taiyō : Hirakareshi Fūin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Golden_Sun", "summary": "Golden Sun [ a ] is a series of fantasy role-playing video games developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo . Golden Sun follows the story of a group of magically-attuned adepts who are charged with preventing the potentially destructive power of alchemy from being released as it was in the past . Players navigate these characters through the game 's fictional world by defeating enemies , solving puzzles and completing assigned missions to complete a pre-ordained storyline . The original two games , Golden Sun and Golden Sun : The Lost Age , were released in 2001 and 2002 , respectively , for the Game Boy Advance platform . A third game , Golden Sun : Dark Dawn , was released for the Nintendo DS platform in 2010 . In Golden Sun , the player plays as protagonist Isaac and his companions as they set off into the world of Weyard to prevent a group of anti-heroes from releasing a mysterious power called Alchemy to the world . Golden Sun : The Lost Age follows the plight of the surviving members from the previous game 's antagonists as they continue to pursue the release of Alchemy by means of lighting four elemental lighthouses . Golden Sun : Dark Dawn takes place thirty years later and follows the path of the descendants of the previous two games ' heroes as they navigate a world adapting to the presence of Alchemy . The series has received a generally favorable reception by critics . The first Golden Sun game has been widely lauded as among the best games for the Game Boy Advance , with the first game receiving Nintendo Power 's Best GBA Game of 2001 and ranking in IGN 's Readers Choice Top 100 games ever , as number 94 . The Lost Age performed even better than its predecessor , ranking 78 on IGN 's Readers Choice Top 100 games ever . Dark Dawn , while still scoring highly on Metacritic 's aggregation of critic scores , was less well received ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 3 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Super Mario Advance 2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Super_Mario_World", "summary": "Super Mario World [ a ] is a 1990 side-scrolling platform game developed and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( SNES ) . The story follows Mario 's quest to save Princess Toadstool and Dinosaur Land from the series antagonist Bowser and his minions , the Koopalings . The gameplay is similar to that of earlier Super Mario games : Players control Mario or his brother Luigi through a series of levels in which the goal is to reach the flagpole at the end . Super Mario World introduced Yoshi , a dinosaur who can eat enemies and gain abilities by eating the shells of Koopa Troopas . Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development developed the game , led by director Takashi Tezuka and producer and series creator Shigeru Miyamoto . It is the first Mario game for the SNES and was designed to make the most of the console 's technical features . The development team had more freedom compared to the series instalments for the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . Yoshi was conceptualised during the development of the NES games but was not used until Super Mario World due to hardware limitations . Super Mario World is often considered one of the greatest video games of all time . It sold over 20 million copies worldwide , making it the best-selling SNES game . It also led to an animated television series of the same name and a prequel , Yoshi 's Island , released in August and October 1995 . It has been rereleased on multiple occasions : It was part of the 1994 compilation Super Mario All-Stars + Super Mario World for the SNES and was rereleased for the Game Boy Advance as Super Mario World : Super Mario Advance 2 in 2001 , on the Virtual Console for the Wii , Wii U , and New Nintendo 3DS consoles , and as part of the Super NES Classic Edition ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 3 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hoshi no Kirby : Yume no Izumi Deluxe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kirby's_Adventure", "summary": "Kirby 's Adventure [ a ] is a 1993 platform game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . It is the second game in the Kirby series after Kirby 's Dream Land ( 1992 ) on the Game Boy and the first to include the copy ability , which allows the main character Kirby to gain new powers by eating certain enemies . The game centers around Kirby traveling across Dream Land to repair the Star Rod after King Dedede breaks it apart and gives the pieces to his minions . Masahiro Sakurai returned as director after serving the same role for Kirby 's Dream Land . He conceived the copy ability to add more challenge and replay value after the last game received criticism for its simplicity . Because the NES hardware had greater graphical power than the Game Boy and programmers were skilled with the now antiquated hardware , HAL Laboratory was able to create impressive visuals . Kirby 's Adventure is the first game to depict Kirby in color . Sakurai had always planned him to be pink , much to the surprise of other staff . Kirby 's Adventure was well received and commended for its tight controls , level variety , and the new copy ability . It was remade in 2002 for the Game Boy Advance with enhanced graphics and multiplayer support , titled Kirby : Nightmare in Dream Land . The original NES version was rereleased later on Nintendo 's Virtual Console digital distribution services , Nintendo Switch Online , and with stereoscopic 3D for the 3D Classics product line for the Nintendo 3DS . In retrospect , journalists have ranked it among the best NES games ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 30 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mario & Luigi RPG", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mario_&_Luigi:_Superstar_Saga", "summary": "Mario & Luigi : Superstar Saga [ a ] is a role-playing video game developed by AlphaDream and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance in 2003 . The game is the first in the Mario & Luigi RPG series . The game was later re-released for the Wii U Virtual Console on the Nintendo eShop in 2014 , and remade for the Nintendo 3DS as Mario & Luigi : Superstar Saga + Bowser 's Minions [ b ] in 2017 . The setting of the game begins in the Mushroom Kingdom , but progresses to the Beanbean Kingdom for the majority of the game . In the game , Mario and Luigi combat Cackletta , the primary antagonist . The quest begins when Cackletta , with the aid of her assistant Fawful , steals Princess Peach 's voice after adopting the guise of an ambassador from the Beanbean Kingdom . A role-playing game , it centers on a battle system different from that of traditional games of the genre , with emphasis on timing and more elaborate attacks . The game is whimsical in tone , with various in-game jokes and comical references to the heritage of the Mario series . Superstar Saga was critically acclaimed , and IGN named it the twelfth best Game Boy Advance game of all time in their feature reflecting on the Game Boy Advance 's lifespan ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 30 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mario Tennis Advance", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mario_Tennis:_Power_Tour", "summary": "Mario Tennis : Power Tour , [ a ] known as Mario Power Tennis in Europe , is a 2005 sports game developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance . It is the sequel to the Game Boy Color version of Mario Tennis . Unlike Mario Tennis , players can not connect their game to the respective Nintendo GameCube version . It was re-released on the Wii U 's Virtual Console in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 30 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metroid Fusion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Metroid_Fusion", "summary": "Metroid Fusion [ a ] [ b ] is an action-adventure game video game published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance handheld game console in 2002 . The fourth installment in the Metroid series , it was developed by Nintendo Research & Development 1 , which previously developed the 1994 game Super Metroid . Players control bounty hunter Samus Aran , who investigates a space station swarming with organisms infected with virions known as X parasites . Like previous Metroid games , Fusion is a side-scrolling game with platform jumping , shooting , and puzzle elements . It introduces mission-based gameplay that guides the player through areas . Fusion was released simultaneously with the GameCube game Metroid Prime in North America . The bonus features in Prime can be unlocked by linking between the game and Fusion via the Nintendo GameCube - Game Boy Advance link cable . Metroid Fusion was praised by critics for its action-oriented gameplay . It received several awards , including Handheld Game of the Year at the 2002 Interactive Achievement Awards , Best Game Boy Advance Adventure Game from IGN , and Best Action Game on Game Boy Advance from GameSpot . It was released on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console in December 2011 for select customers as part of the 3DS ambassador program , and the Wii U Virtual Console in April 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 30 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wario Land Advance : Yōki no Otakara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wario_Land_4", "summary": "Wario Land 4 [ a ] is a 2001 platformer video game developed by Nintendo and released for their Game Boy Advance . Wario has to gather four treasures to unlock a pyramid and save Princess Shokora from the Golden Diva . It features 2D graphics with linear transformations ( similar to Super Mario World and Yoshi 's Island ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 30 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zelda no Densetsu : Fushigi no Bōshi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Legend_of_Zelda:_The_Minish_Cap", "summary": "The Legend of Zelda : The Minish Cap [ a ] is an action-adventure game and the twelfth entry in The Legend of Zelda series . Developed by Capcom and Flagship , with Nintendo overseeing the development process , it was released for the Game Boy Advance handheld game console in Japan and Europe in 2004 and in North America and Australia the following year . In June 2014 , it was made available on the Wii U Virtual Console . The Minish Cap is the third Zelda game that involves the legend of the Four Sword , expanding on the story of Four Swords and Four Swords Adventures . A magical talking cap named Ezlo can shrink series protagonist Link to the size of the Minish , a bug-sized race that live in Hyrule ( and is essentially the game 's version of the hat Link wears as part of his usual outfit ) . The game retains some common elements from previous Zelda installments , such as the presence of Gorons , while introducing Kinstones and other new gameplay features , most notably the ability for Link to shrink in size . The Minish Cap was generally well received among critics . It was named the 20th best Game Boy Advance game in an IGN feature , and was selected as the 2005 Game Boy Advance Game of the Year by GameSpot ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 30 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fire Emblem : Rekka no Ken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fire_Emblem_(video_game)", "summary": "Fire Emblem : The Blazing Blade [ a ] is a tactical role-playing game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance handheld video game console . It is the seventh entry in the Fire Emblem series , [ b ] the second to be released for the platform after Fire Emblem : The Binding Blade , and the first to be localized for Western audiences . It was released in Japan and North America in 2003 , and in Europe and Australia in 2004 . The game is a prequel to The Binding Blade , set on the continent of Elibe . It tells the story of Lyn , Eliwood , and Hector , three young lords of the Lycian lineage who journey to find Eliwood 's father and later thwart a larger conspiracy threatening the stability of Elibe . The gameplay , which draws from earlier Fire Emblem entries , features tactical combat between armies on a grid-based map . Characters are assigned different character classes that affect abilities and are subjected to permanent death if defeated in battle . Development began in 2002 as a companion title to The Binding Blade , but development was prolonged from its initial seven-month window as new features were added . While the Fire Emblem series had remained exclusive to Japan due to concerns about its difficulty , the success of Advance Wars and popular demand following the inclusion of Fire Emblem characters in Super Smash Bros. Melee prompted the game 's localization . The game was released to positive sales and international critical acclaim , establishing the Fire Emblem series in the West . Its overseas success fueled the development of Fire Emblem : Path of Radiance for the GameCube home console ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 14 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pac-Man Collection ( delisted on April 28 , 2017 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-Man_Collection", "summary": "Pac-Man Collection [ a ] is a 2001 video game compilation published by Namco for the Game Boy Advance . It includes four titles in the Pac-Man series - the original Pac-Man ( 1980 ) , Pac-Mania ( 1987 ) , Pac-Attack ( 1993 ) , and Pac-Man Arrangement ( 1996 ) , the last of which was originally exclusive to the arcade game Namco Classic Collection Vol . 2 . Each game includes customizable features such as the ability to alter the number of starting lives or difficulty , with all being stripped of multiplayer features . Pac-Man , Pac-Mania and Arrangement were originally released for arcades , while Pac-Attack was first released for both the SNES and Sega Genesis . Development of the game was headed by California-based studio Mass Media , who previously worked on several Namco Museum collections for other platforms . It was first announced on April 24 , 2001 under the name Pac-Man Fever , before being presented at the 2001 Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) tradeshow . Pac-Man Collection was a commercial success - by 2007 it sold over 2.9 million copies worldwide , making it the ninth best-selling Game Boy Advance game of all time . Critics reacted positively to the title 's selection of games and customizable features , although some criticized the exclusion of games such as Ms. Pac-Man and inability to save high-scores . It was re-released as a budget title in Japan in 2006 , and later digitally on the Wii U Virtual Console in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Bandai Namco Entertainment", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "June 11 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metroid : Zero Mission", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Metroid:_Zero_Mission", "summary": "Metroid : Zero Mission [ a ] is a side-scrolling action-adventure video game published by Nintendo , and developed by its Research & Development 1 ( R & D1 ) division for the Game Boy Advance . It is a remake of the 1986 game Metroid - the first installment in the Metroid video game series , and is designed to retell that entry 's story with modernized gameplay . It was initially released in North America in February 2004 . Like the other titles in the series , the player controls space-faring bounty hunter Samus Aran , who travels to planet Zebes after learning that Space Pirates are experimenting with Metroids in an attempt to duplicate them and use them for their own gain . The gameplay focuses on exploration , with the player searching for power-ups that are used to reach previously inaccessible areas . The remake also features new items , additional areas , mini-bosses , difficulty levels , and a rewritten story which explores Samus 's past . Reviews were generally positive towards the game . Praise focused on the new content , while criticism targeted the game 's short length . Metroid : Zero Mission received several honors , including a 46th-place ranking in a list of the Top 200 Games compiled by Nintendo Power . It was also chosen as the 9th Best Game Boy Advance Game by IGN . The game has sold over 439,000 units in the United States and 69,000 in Japan as of February 2005 . The game became available as a Wii U Virtual Console title in Japan in 2014 , with other territories later ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "June 19 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Battle Network : Rockman EXE", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mega_Man_Battle_Network_(video_game)", "summary": "Mega Man Battle Network [ a ] is a video game developed by Capcom for the Game Boy Advance ( GBA ) handheld console . It is the first title of the Mega Man Battle Network series of games . It was originally released in Japan as a GBA launch game on March 21 , 2001 and was released later that year in North America and Europe . It was also released via the Wii U Virtual Console in Japan on July 9 , 2014 , in Europe on July 24 , 2014 , and in North America on July 31 , 2014 . Battle Network takes place during the 21st century in a world where society and everyday life is driven by the internet . Users are able to interact with and virtually explore nearly any electronic device using highly advanced , online avatars called NetNavis . The game follows a young boy named Lan Hikari and his NetNavi MegaMan.EXE as they solve a series of crimes instigated by the WWW ( World Three ) organization . Rather than share the platform gameplay of its predecessors , Battle Network is a tactical role-playing game ( RPG ) in which the player respectively controls Lan in the game 's outside world and MegaMan.EXE in its virtual world . Battles take place in real-time ; special abilities called Battle Chips can be accessed to fight off the numerous computer viruses present in the game 's cyberspace environments . Battle Network was created amidst the rise of collectible card games , as shown by its collectible Battle Chips that are used to create Folders ( like card decks ) . According to producer Keiji Inafune , the development team wanted Battle Network to identify specifically with younger gamers by creating a setting resembling the real world and a gameplay model that mixes traditional action and RPG elements . Battle Network received positive reviews from critics ." } ] }, { "value": "Capcom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Capcom", "summary": "Capcom Co. , Ltd. ( Japanese : 株式会社カプコン , Hepburn : Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher known for creating numerous multi-million selling game franchises , including Mega Man , Street Fighter , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , Onimusha , Dino Crisis , Dead Rising , Sengoku Basara , Ghosts ' n Goblins , Monster Hunter , Breath of Fire , and Ace Attorney as well as games based on Disney animated properties . Established in 1979 , it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in North America , Europe , and Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "July 9 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kuru Kuru Kururin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kuru_Kuru_Kururin", "summary": "Kuru Kuru Kururin [ a ] is a puzzle video game developed by Eighting and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance handheld video game console . It was released in Japan on March 21 , 2001 and in Europe and Australia on June 22 , 2001 as a launch title . North America saw the title for the first time on February 11 , 2016 via the Wii U 's Virtual Console service . Kuru Kuru Kururin is the first title in the Kururin series and was followed by two Japan-only sequels , Kururin Paradise and Kururin Squash !" } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "July 16 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Super Mario Advance", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros._2", "summary": "Super Mario Bros. 2 [ a ] is a platform game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System . The game was first released in North America in October 1988 , and in the PAL region the following year . It has been remade or re-released for several video game consoles . The game is the product of a circle of influences following the breakthrough success of Super Mario Bros. ( 1985 ) . The sequel prototype is based on two cooperative players lifting and throwing each other , lifting and stacking objects , and scrolling the screen upward - a design too complex for the Famicom hardware and with dissatisfying gameplay . This ambitious concept was postponed in favor of a quicker upgrade to the original Super Mario Bros. engine , released in Japan as the notoriously challenging Super Mario Bros. 2 . The Mario team resumed development of the prototype for another interim game , Yume Kōjō : Doki Doki Panic ( 1987 ) . Instead of Mario graphics , this advergame was branded with the characters and themes of Fuji Television 's technology expo called Yume Kōjō '87 ( lit . Dream Factory ) . Nintendo of America decided Japan 's Super Mario Bros. 2 had gameplay too frustratingly difficult and too similar to Super Mario Bros. to be worth releasing into the recently crashed American market . Therefore , finally delivering upon the inspiration of the original prototype and creating a second official sequel , Nintendo cosmetically modified Yume Kōjō : Doki Doki Panic to become the international release of Super Mario Bros. 2 ( 1988 ) . :2 A commercial success , the international Super Mario Bros. 2 was re-released in Japan for the Famicom as Super Mario USA ( 1992 ) , as part of the Super Mario All-Stars ( 1993 ) collection for the Super NES ( including the Japanese Super Mario Bros. 2 as The Lost Levels ) , and as Super Mario Advance ( 2001 ) for the Game Boy Advance ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "July 16 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mario vs. Donkey Kong", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mario_vs._Donkey_Kong_(video_game)", "summary": "Mario vs. Donkey Kong [ a ] is a 2004 puzzle-platform game developed by Nintendo Software Technology and released for the Game Boy Advance . The game is the spiritual successor to Donkey Kong , which was released in 1994 for the Game Boy . The game 's first sequel , Mario vs. Donkey Kong 2 : March of the Minis , was released on the Nintendo DS in 2006 . It was later released on the 3DS Virtual Console on December 16 , 2011 and for the Wii U on February 9 , 2017 . The game concept revolves around a combination of platform and puzzle elements , challenging Mario to find keys , reach a locked door , and rescue mini-Marios ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "July 23 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ōgon no Taiyō : Ushinawareshi Toki", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Golden_Sun:_The_Lost_Age", "summary": "Golden Sun : The Lost Age , [ a ] released under different names in some regions , is a 2002 role-playing video game for the Game Boy Advance , developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo . It is the second installment in the Golden Sun series . It was released on June 28 , 2002 in Japan , and through 2003 in North America and Europe . Picking up the story during the events of the previous game , The Lost Age puts the player into the roles of the previous games ' antagonists , primarily from the perspective of magic-attuned adepts Felix and his allies as they seek to restore the power of alchemy to the world of Weyard . Along the way , the player uses psynergy to defeat enemies and discover new locations , help out local populations , and find elemental djinn which augment the characters ' powers . Players can transfer their characters and items from Golden Sun to The Lost Age by means of a password system or Game Link Cable , and players are rewarded for fully completing both games . Upon release , The Lost Age was positively received by critics and audiences . IGN ranked the game as the eighth-best Game Boy Advance title of 2003 and the 22nd-best GBA game of all time . It has sold over 680,000 units . It was eventually followed by a third installment , titled Dark Dawn , released in 2010 and set thirty years after the two original games ." } ] }, { "value": "Nintendo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nintendo", "summary": "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "July 23 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Available titles -- Game Boy Advance", "section_text": "There are currently 102 games available to purchase .", "uid": "List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_U_(Japan)_3", "intro": "The following is the complete list of the 481 Virtual Console titles available for the Wii U in Japan sorted by system and release date. English translations are highlighted between parenthesis." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyson_Hannigan", "title": "Alyson Hannigan", "header": [ "Year", "Title", "Role" ], "data": [ { "value": "1986", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Impure Thoughts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Impure_Thoughts", "summary": "Impure Thoughts is a 1986 American comedy film . The film was directed by Michael A. Simpson . It marked Alyson Hannigan 's feature film debut ." } ] }, { "value": "Patty Stubbs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1988", "urls": [] }, { "value": "My Stepmother Is an Alien", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/My_Stepmother_Is_an_Alien", "summary": "My Stepmother Is an Alien is a 1988 American comic science fiction film directed by Richard Benjamin . The film stars Kim Basinger as Celeste , an extraterrestrial woman sent on a secret mission to Earth , after her home planet 's gravity is mistakenly disrupted by Steven Mills ( Dan Aykroyd ) , a widowed scientist raising his daughter Jessie ( Alyson Hannigan ) as a single father . The film 's screenplay was written by Herschel Weingrod , Timothy Harris and Jonathan Reynolds , based on an earlier script by Jericho Stone , who originally pitched the film to Paramount Pictures as a drama which would serve as an allegory about child abuse . When Paramount optioned the story , they suggested that it would be more believable as a comedy . The film was unproduced for four years until Weintraub Entertainment Group put it into production in 1988 . My Stepmother Is an Alien was a box-office bomb , grossing $ 13.8 million against a $ 19 million budget . The film also received negative reviews from critics , with most of the responses panning the film 's humor and screenplay . Although , Basinger and costar Jon Lovitz generally received favorable reviews for their comedic performances . In the New York Times review , Aykroyd was singled out for criticism in his performance as a romantic lead ." } ] }, { "value": "Jessie Mills", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dead Man on Campus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dead_Man_on_Campus", "summary": "Dead Man on Campus is a 1998 black comedy film starring Mark-Paul Gosselaar and Tom Everett Scott . It centers on the urban legend that a student gets straight As if their roommate commits suicide ( see pass by catastrophe ) . Two failing friends attempt to find a depressed roommate to push him over the edge and receive As . To boost ticket sales , the film 's U.S. release was timed with the start of the new college school year in late August 1998 . It was the first film by MTV Films to have an R rating . The film was shot at University of the Pacific in Stockton , California ." } ] }, { "value": "Lucy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "American Pie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Pie_(film)", "summary": "American Pie is a 1999 American teen sex comedy film written by Adam Herz and directed by brothers Paul and Chris Weitz , in their directorial film debut . It is the first film in the American Pie theatrical series . The film was a box-office hit and spawned three direct sequels : American Pie 2 ( 2001 ) , American Wedding ( 2003 ) , and American Reunion ( 2012 ) . The film concentrates on five best friends ( Jim , Kevin , Oz , Finch , and Stifler ) who attend East Great Falls High . With the exception of Stifler ( who has already lost his virginity ) , the guys make a pact to lose their virginity before their high school graduation . The title is borrowed from the song of the same name and refers to a scene in the film , in which the protagonist is caught masturbating with a pie after being told that third base feels like warm apple pie . Writer Adam Herz has stated that the title also refers to the quest of losing one 's virginity in high school , which is as American as apple pie . In addition to the primary American Pie saga , there are four direct-to-DVD spin-off films bearing the title American Pie Presents : Band Camp ( 2005 ) , The Naked Mile ( 2006 ) , Beta House ( 2007 ) , and The Book of Love ( 2009 ) . In response to the success of American Reunion , a fifth theatrical film , under the working title American Pie 5 was announced on August 4 , 2012 . In August 2017 , Seann William Scott said in an interview that the fourth film probably had not made enough at the domestic box office to warrant another film ." } ] }, { "value": "Michelle Flaherty", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michelle_Flaherty", "summary": "This is a list of characters from the film series American Pie consisting of American Pie ( 1999 ) , American Pie 2 ( 2001 ) , American Wedding ( 2003 ) , American Pie Presents : Band Camp ( 2005 ) , American Pie Presents : The Naked Mile ( 2006 ) , American Pie Presents : Beta House ( 2007 ) , American Pie Presents : The Book of Love ( 2009 ) , and American Reunion ( 2012 ) . Only one character , Noah Levenstein played by Eugene Levy , has appeared in all eight released films . Biggs , Hannigan , Scott , Nicholas , Thomas , Coolidge , Cho , Isfield , Cheek , and Owen all play their characters in four films each ; other characters appear in fewer films ." } ] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Boys and Girls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boys_and_Girls_(2000_film)", "summary": "Boys and Girls is a 2000 American comedy film directed by Robert Iscove . The two main characters , Ryan ( played by Freddie Prinze , Jr. ) and Jennifer ( Claire Forlani ) , meet each other initially as adolescents , and later realize that their lives are intertwined through fate ." } ] }, { "value": "Betty", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "American Pie 2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Pie_2", "summary": "American Pie 2 is a 2001 American sex comedy film directed by James B. Rogers and written by Adam Herz and David H. Steinberg from a story by Herz . A sequel to the 1999 comedy film American Pie , it the second film in the American Pie series and stars Jason Biggs , Shannon Elizabeth , Alyson Hannigan , Chris Klein , Natasha Lyonne , Thomas Ian Nicholas , Tara Reid , Seann William Scott , Mena Suvari , Eddie Kaye Thomas , and Eugene Levy . The film follows the sexual exploits of five friends - Jim Levenstein , Kevin Myers , Steve Stifler , Oz Ostreicher , and Paul Finch - and their attempts to have the greatest summer party ever , at a summer beach house in Grand Haven , Michigan . American Pie 2 was released in the United States on August 10 , 2001 , and grossed over $ 145 million in the US and $ 142 million overseas on a budget of $ 30 million , making it highest grossing film in the franchise at just under $ 288 million worldwide . The film was followed by American Wedding ." } ] }, { "value": "Michelle Flaherty", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Beyond the City Limits", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "American Wedding", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Wedding", "summary": "American Wedding ( known as American Pie 3 : The Wedding or American Pie : The Wedding , in some countries ) is a 2003 American sex comedy film and a sequel to American Pie and American Pie 2 . It is the third ( originally intended final ) installment in the American Pie theatrical series . It was written by Adam Herz and directed by Jesse Dylan . Another sequel , American Reunion , was released nine years later . This also stands as the last film in the series to be written by Herz , who conceptualized the franchise . Though the film mainly focuses on the union of Jim Levenstein and Michelle Flaherty , for the first time in the series , the story centers on Steve Stifler , and his outrageous antics including his attempt to organize a bachelor party , teaching Jim to dance for the wedding , and competing with Finch to win the heart of Michelle 's sister , Cadence ." } ] }, { "value": "Michelle Flaherty", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Date Movie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Date_Movie", "summary": "Date Movie is a 2006 American parody romantic comedy film written and directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . The film was released on February 17 , 2006 by 20th Century Fox . A parody of the romantic comedy genre , much of the story line is based on My Big Fat Greek Wedding , Meet the Fockers , Hitch , Legally Blonde , and Bridget Jones 's Diary . It stars Alyson Hannigan , Adam Campbell , Sophie Monk , Tony Cox , Jennifer Coolidge , Eddie Griffin , and Fred Willard . The film was panned by critics and has a 7% rating on Rotten Tomatoes , but was a box office success ." } ] }, { "value": "Julia Jones", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Farce of the Penguins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Farce_of_the_Penguins", "summary": "Farce of the Penguins is a 2007 American direct-to-video parody directed by Bob Saget . It is a parody of the 2005 French feature-length nature documentary March of the Penguins , directed and co written by Luc Jacquet . The film features Samuel L. Jackson as narrator , with the two main characters voiced by Bob Saget and Lewis Black . Five of Saget 's former Full House co stars also lent their voices to the film . Additional voices were provided by Tracy Morgan , Christina Applegate , James Belushi , Whoopi Goldberg , Dane Cook , Abe Vigoda , Mo'Nique , and others ." } ] }, { "value": "Hottie Penguin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Love , Wedding , Marriage", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Love,_Wedding,_Marriage", "summary": "Love , Wedding , Marriage is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Dermot Mulroney and starring Mandy Moore , Kellan Lutz , James Brolin , Jane Seymour and Christopher Lloyd ." } ] }, { "value": "Courtney", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "American Reunion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Reunion", "summary": "American Reunion ( also known as American Pie 4 : Reunion or American Pie : Reunion in certain countries ) is a 2012 American ensemble sex comedy film written and directed by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg . It is the fourth installment in the American Pie theatrical series . The film received mixed reviews from critics , and grossed $ 250 million worldwide ." } ] }, { "value": "Michelle Levenstein", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2016", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Do You Take This Man", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rachael", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2018", "urls": [] }, { "value": "You Might Be the Killer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/You_Might_Be_the_Killer", "summary": "You Might Be the Killer is a 2018 American meta supernatural slasher film directed by Brett Simmons and written by Covis Berzoyne , Thomas P. Vitale , and Simmons , based on an idea by Chuck Wendig and Sam Sykes . The film stars Fran Kranz and Alyson Hannigan , and features Brittany S. Hall , Patrick Reginald Walker , Keith David , and Bryan Price in supporting roles ." } ] }, { "value": "Chuck", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2020", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Flora & Ulysses", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flora_&_Ulysses_(film)", "summary": "Flora & Ulysses is an upcoming family film based on the children 's novel of the same name by Kate DiCamillo that is set to debut on Disney+ . The film is directed by Lena Khan , produced by Gil Netter from a screenplay written by Brad Copeland and stars Matilda Lawler , Alyson Hannigan , Ben Schwartz , Benjamin Evan Ainsworth and Danny Pudi ." } ] }, { "value": "Phyllis Buckman", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Filmography -- Film", "section_text": "", "uid": "Alyson_Hannigan_0", "intro": "Alyson Lee Hannigan (born March 24, 1974) is an American actress and television presenter. She is best known for her roles as Willow Rosenberg on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997-2003), Lily Aldrin on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother (2005-2014) for which she won a People's Choice Award in 2009, and Michelle Flaherty in the American Pie film series (1999-2012)." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Women's_National_League_Cup", "title": "FA Women's National League Cup", "header": [ "Season", "Winner", "Runner-up", "Score", "Venue" ], "data": [ { "value": "1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Millwall Lionesses", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Millwall_Lionesses_L.F.C.", "summary": "Millwall Lionesses Ladies Football Club is an English women 's football club based in Rotherhithe , south-east London , that plays in the Eastern Region Women 's League , the fifth tier of English women 's football . Founded in 1972 , the group of women who made up the Lionesses were at first snubbed by Millwall FC but went on to become the first women 's football team to affiliate to a professional men 's team , Millwall F.C . who are nicknamed The Lions . The Lionesses pioneered the now common Football in the Community Scheme ." } ] }, { "value": "1-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alt Park , Knowsley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Knowsley_United_F.C.", "summary": "Knowsley United was an English football club based in the town of Huyton , Knowsley Merseyside . Originally named Kirkby Town they folded in 1997 ." } ] }, { "value": "1993", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Knowsley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Liverpool_L.F.C.", "summary": "Liverpool F.C . Women , formerly known as Liverpool Ladies Football Club , is a women 's football club affiliated with Liverpool Football Club . The team currently plays in the FA Women 's Super League , the highest division of women 's football in England . After being relegated from the FA Women 's Premier League National Division to the FA Women 's Premier League Northern Division for 2009-10 , Liverpool won the league after losing only one game all season . On 29 September 2013 Liverpool clinched their first FA WSL title , and retained the title in 2014 . The triumph completed a remarkable turnaround for Liverpool , who had finished bottom of the WSL table in 2011 and 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "3-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wembley , London", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)", "summary": "The original Wembley Stadium ( /ˈwɛmbli/ ; formerly known as the Empire Stadium ) was a football stadium in Wembley Park , London , which stood on the same site now occupied by its successor . Wembley hosted the FA Cup final annually , the first in 1923 , the League Cup final annually , five European Cup finals , the 1966 World Cup Final , and the final of Euro 96 . Brazilian footballer Pelé once said of the stadium : Wembley is the cathedral of football . It is the capital of football and it is the heart of football , in recognition of its status as the world 's best-known football stadium . The stadium hosted the 1948 Summer Olympics , rugby league 's Challenge Cup final , and the 1992 and 1995 Rugby League World Cup Finals . It also hosted numerous music events , including the 1985 Live Aid charity concert ." } ] }, { "value": "1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Doncaster Rovers Belles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Doncaster_Rovers_Belles_L.F.C.", "summary": "Doncaster Rovers Belles Ladies Football Club , previously Doncaster Belles , is an English women 's football club that plays in the FA Women 's National League Division One Midlands , the fourth tier of women 's football in England . The club 's administration is based at the Keepmoat Stadium in Doncaster , South Yorkshire , while home matches are played in nearby Rossington . They are one of English women 's football 's most famous and successful clubs , being one of only three non-London teams to have won the FA Women 's Premier League National Division , in 1992 and 1994 . Founded in 1969 by lottery ticket sellers at Belle Vue , home of Doncaster Rovers Football Club , they have also won the FA Women 's Cup six times and reached the final on a further seven occasions ." } ] }, { "value": "4-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Abbey Stadium , Cambridge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abbey_Stadium", "summary": "Abbey Stadium is a football stadium in Cambridge , England . It has been the home ground of Cambridge United F.C . since 1932 , and currently has a maximum capacity of 8,127 spectators . Cambridge Regional College F.C. , Cambridge United 's feeder club , played their home games at The Abbey from 2006 until their dissolution in 2014 . The first match ever played at the Abbey was a friendly against a team from Cambridge University Press on 31 August 1932 . The record attendance at the ground ( 14,000 ) was also for a friendly , against Chelsea to mark the first use of the ground 's new floodlights on 1 May 1970 . This was the first time an English League ground 's record crowd had turned out to watch a friendly . Until well into the modern era , the Abbey Stadium was the only Football League ground to be styled a stadium , and was second only to Wembley Stadium in so being named . However , more recent ground moves and name changes have meant that a number of league clubs now play at grounds styled stadiums . For sponsorship reasons , the ground was until 2017 officially named the Cambs Glass Stadium . For similar reasons it has also previously been named the Trade Recruitment Stadium , and the R Costings Abbey Stadium . However , thanks to the cooperation of sponsors the ground has reverted to its original name of the Abbey Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "1995", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wimbledon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/AFC_Wimbledon_Ladies", "summary": "AFC Wimbledon Ladies are a women 's football team from London . The team currently competes in the FA Women 's National League Division One South East . The club was founded after the ladies team representing Wimbledon F.C . decided to transfer to AFC Wimbledon , after the old club 's relocation . The ladies team of Fulham F.C. , known as Friends of Fulham , started its bonds with the name Wimbledon , when they voted yes on the decision to transfer to Wimbledon F.C. , as a new entity . The AFC Wimbledon Ladies are now owned by The Dons Trust . From 2003 to 2006 it was one of the few Women 's Premier League sides not to be affiliated with a club from the male Premiership or Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Villa Aztecs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aston_Villa_L.F.C.", "summary": "Aston Villa Women Football Club is the women 's football team of Aston Villa , currently playing in the English Women 's Championship . The club has been in existence under several names since 1973 . Originally titled Solihull F.C. , the team affiliated to Aston Villa in 1989 , becoming Villa Aztecs , and became the officially licensed Aston Villa women 's side in 1996 . The club have a senior team , a reserve team and several other teams of younger age groups under a Regional Talent Club FA license ." } ] }, { "value": "2-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Butlin Road , Rugby", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_Town_F.C.", "summary": "Rugby Town Football Club is a football club based in Rugby , Warwickshire , which plays in the United Counties League Premier Division . It is nicknamed The Valley , and plays its home matches at Butlin Road . It was originally named New Bilton Juniors and renamed four times . First , in 1956 , to Valley Sports . The next time was in 1971 to Valley Sports Rugby , or simply VS Rugby , then in 2000 to Rugby United , and again for the most recent time to Rugby Town F.C . in 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wembley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barnet_F.C._Ladies", "summary": "London Bees is an English women 's football club affiliated with Barnet F.C . They play in the FA Women 's Championship . The club has been in existence under several names since 1975 , originally being called District Line Ladies F.C . The team were re-branded as London Bees after joining the new WSL 2 for the 2014 season . The club have a first team and a youth academy at present which all train and play at the Hive Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "Doncaster Rovers Belles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Doncaster_Rovers_Belles_L.F.C.", "summary": "Doncaster Rovers Belles Ladies Football Club , previously Doncaster Belles , is an English women 's football club that plays in the FA Women 's National League Division One Midlands , the fourth tier of women 's football in England . The club 's administration is based at the Keepmoat Stadium in Doncaster , South Yorkshire , while home matches are played in nearby Rossington . They are one of English women 's football 's most famous and successful clubs , being one of only three non-London teams to have won the FA Women 's Premier League National Division , in 1992 and 1994 . Founded in 1969 by lottery ticket sellers at Belle Vue , home of Doncaster Rovers Football Club , they have also won the FA Women 's Cup six times and reached the final on a further seven occasions ." } ] }, { "value": "2-2 ( 5-3 pens )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Underhill Stadium , Chipping Barnet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Underhill_Stadium", "summary": "Underhill Stadium was a stadium in Chipping Barnet , London , that was the home of Barnet Football Club between 1907 and 2013 . It has been the training ground of the London Broncos rugby league club since 2014 ; the club 's under-19 team also play their fixtures there . Before being demolished the stadium was recorded as having a final capacity of 6,023 . The stadium was famous for its slope from the North to South end . It was also used for Arsenal reserve games until 2012 . Barnet played their final game at the stadium on 20 April 2013 with a 1-0 win over Wycombe Wanderers , with Jake Hyde scoring the winner in the 81st minute , and Graham Stack saving a 94th-minute penalty to secure the victory in front of a sell-out crowd of 6,001 . Barnet moved out of the ground and started their 2013-14 season campaign at The Hive Stadium in Edgware . Demolition of Underhill began in January 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Millwall Lionesses", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Millwall_Lionesses_L.F.C.", "summary": "Millwall Lionesses Ladies Football Club is an English women 's football club based in Rotherhithe , south-east London , that plays in the Eastern Region Women 's League , the fifth tier of English women 's football . Founded in 1972 , the group of women who made up the Lionesses were at first snubbed by Millwall FC but went on to become the first women 's football team to affiliate to a professional men 's team , Millwall F.C . who are nicknamed The Lions . The Lionesses pioneered the now common Football in the Community Scheme ." } ] }, { "value": "Everton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Everton_L.F.C.", "summary": "Everton Football Club ( /ˈɛvərtən/ ) is an English women 's association football team based in Liverpool , England , that competes in the FA Women 's Super League , the top division of English women 's football . Formed in 1983 as Hoylake W.F.C. , it is now part of Everton F.C . but plays home games at Haig Avenue in Southport . The team has won the Premier League National Division once , the Premier League Cup once , and the Women 's FA Cup twice ." } ] }, { "value": "2-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Underhill Stadium , Chipping Barnet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Underhill_Stadium", "summary": "Underhill Stadium was a stadium in Chipping Barnet , London , that was the home of Barnet Football Club between 1907 and 2013 . It has been the training ground of the London Broncos rugby league club since 2014 ; the club 's under-19 team also play their fixtures there . Before being demolished the stadium was recorded as having a final capacity of 6,023 . The stadium was famous for its slope from the North to South end . It was also used for Arsenal reserve games until 2012 . Barnet played their final game at the stadium on 20 April 2013 with a 1-0 win over Wycombe Wanderers , with Jake Hyde scoring the winner in the 81st minute , and Graham Stack saving a 94th-minute penalty to secure the victory in front of a sell-out crowd of 6,001 . Barnet moved out of the ground and started their 2013-14 season campaign at The Hive Stadium in Edgware . Demolition of Underhill began in January 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Croydon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croydon", "summary": "Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.4 miles ( 15.1 km ) south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . The entire town had a population of 192,064 as of 2011 , whilst the wider borough had a population of 384,837 . Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in Greater London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 . Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two high gaps in the North Downs , one taken by the A23 Brighton Road and the main railway line through Purley and Merstham and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of North End ." } ] }, { "value": "0-0 ( 4-2 pens )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Underhill Stadium , Chipping Barnet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Underhill_Stadium", "summary": "Underhill Stadium was a stadium in Chipping Barnet , London , that was the home of Barnet Football Club between 1907 and 2013 . It has been the training ground of the London Broncos rugby league club since 2014 ; the club 's under-19 team also play their fixtures there . Before being demolished the stadium was recorded as having a final capacity of 6,023 . The stadium was famous for its slope from the North to South end . It was also used for Arsenal reserve games until 2012 . Barnet played their final game at the stadium on 20 April 2013 with a 1-0 win over Wycombe Wanderers , with Jake Hyde scoring the winner in the 81st minute , and Graham Stack saving a 94th-minute penalty to secure the victory in front of a sell-out crowd of 6,001 . Barnet moved out of the ground and started their 2013-14 season campaign at The Hive Stadium in Edgware . Demolition of Underhill began in January 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Everton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Everton_L.F.C.", "summary": "Everton Football Club ( /ˈɛvərtən/ ) is an English women 's association football team based in Liverpool , England , that competes in the FA Women 's Super League , the top division of English women 's football . Formed in 1983 as Hoylake W.F.C. , it is now part of Everton F.C . but plays home games at Haig Avenue in Southport . The team has won the Premier League National Division once , the Premier League Cup once , and the Women 's FA Cup twice ." } ] }, { "value": "3-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Prenton Park , Birkenhead", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Prenton_Park", "summary": "Prenton Park is an association football stadium in Birkenhead , England . It is the home ground of Tranmere Rovers , as well as Liverpool 's women and reserves teams . The ground has had several rebuilds , with the most recent occurring in 1995 in response to the requirement of the Taylor Report to become all-seater . Today 's stadium holds 15,573 in four stands : the Kop , the Johnny King Stand , the Main Stand and the Cowshed ( for away supporters ) . Attendances at the ground have fluctuated over its hundred-year history . Its largest-ever crowd was 24,424 for a 1972 FA Cup match between Tranmere and Stoke City . In 2010 , an average of 5,000 fans attended each home game ." } ] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Croydon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croydon", "summary": "Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.4 miles ( 15.1 km ) south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . The entire town had a population of 192,064 as of 2011 , whilst the wider borough had a population of 384,837 . Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in Greater London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 . Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two high gaps in the North Downs , one taken by the A23 Brighton Road and the main railway line through Purley and Merstham and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of North End ." } ] }, { "value": "4-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Underhill Stadium , Chipping Barnet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Underhill_Stadium", "summary": "Underhill Stadium was a stadium in Chipping Barnet , London , that was the home of Barnet Football Club between 1907 and 2013 . It has been the training ground of the London Broncos rugby league club since 2014 ; the club 's under-19 team also play their fixtures there . Before being demolished the stadium was recorded as having a final capacity of 6,023 . The stadium was famous for its slope from the North to South end . It was also used for Arsenal reserve games until 2012 . Barnet played their final game at the stadium on 20 April 2013 with a 1-0 win over Wycombe Wanderers , with Jake Hyde scoring the winner in the 81st minute , and Graham Stack saving a 94th-minute penalty to secure the victory in front of a sell-out crowd of 6,001 . Barnet moved out of the ground and started their 2013-14 season campaign at The Hive Stadium in Edgware . Demolition of Underhill began in January 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Tranmere Rovers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tranmere_Rovers_L.F.C.", "summary": "Tranmere Rovers Ladies Football Club are an English team founded in 1990 , based in the Wirral , and affiliated with Tranmere Rovers F.C . Between 1996 and 2004 they competed in the FA Premier League National Division , then the top tier of the English women 's football pyramid . They are currently members of the North West Women 's Regional League Premier Division and play their home games at Villa Park , the home of Ashville F.C . in Wallasey ." } ] }, { "value": "3-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Deva Stadium , Chester", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deva_Stadium", "summary": "The Deva Stadium ( also known as The 1885 Arena for sponsorship purposes ) is an association football stadium in Chester , England , that is the home of Chester F.C. , the effective successor club to the liquidated Chester City . The name Deva comes from the original Roman name for the fort Deva Victrix , which became the city of Chester . The Deva Stadium opened in 1992 , two years after the closure of Chester City 's Sealand Road stadium ; in the intervening two seasons the club had played at Macclesfield Town 's Moss Rose stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fulham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fulham_L.F.C.", "summary": "WFC Fulham , previously known as Fulham LFC , was a Ladies Football Club ( LFC ) formerly associated with Fulham Football Club . The team were dissolved as of 16 May 2006 , but were later re-established with independence from Fulham F.C . The club dissolved for a second time in June 2010 when sponsors pulled out following a second successive relegation . Fulham became the first Ladies ' football team in Europe to turn full-time professional in April 2000 . However , club chairman Mohamed Al-Fayed reverted the club to semi-professional status three years later ." } ] }, { "value": "Birmingham City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Birmingham_City_L.F.C.", "summary": "Birmingham City Women F.C . is an English women 's football club affiliated with Birmingham City F.C . As founding members of the FA Women 's Super League in 2011 , the team plays in the highest division of women 's football in England . The team plays their home games at Damson Park , the home of Solihull Moors F.C ." } ] }, { "value": "7-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Adams Park , Wycombe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adams_Park", "summary": "Adams Park is an association football stadium in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire . Built in 1990 , it is the home ground of Wycombe Wanderers FC and , since 2016 , Reading FC Women . Between 2003 and 2006 , the stadium was known as the Causeway Stadium under a naming rights deal , before reverting to its former name ." } ] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fulham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fulham_L.F.C.", "summary": "WFC Fulham , previously known as Fulham LFC , was a Ladies Football Club ( LFC ) formerly associated with Fulham Football Club . The team were dissolved as of 16 May 2006 , but were later re-established with independence from Fulham F.C . The club dissolved for a second time in June 2010 when sponsors pulled out following a second successive relegation . Fulham became the first Ladies ' football team in Europe to turn full-time professional in April 2000 . However , club chairman Mohamed Al-Fayed reverted the club to semi-professional status three years later ." } ] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "1-1 a.e.t . ( 3-2 pens )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "County Ground , Swindon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/County_Ground,_Swindon", "summary": "The County Ground ( currently known as the Energy Check County Ground for sponsorship purposes ) is a stadium located near the town centre of Swindon , England , and has been home to Swindon Town Football Club since 1896 . The current capacity of 15,728 , all-seated , has been at that level since the mid-1990s . A record attendance of 32,000 was set on 15 January 1972 , against Arsenal in the 3rd round of the FA Cup . North of the football stadium is Swindon Cricket Club , with their pitch is also named The County Ground which was used for the football club from 1893 till 1896 ." } ] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charlton Athletic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlton_Athletic_L.F.C.", "summary": "Charlton Athletic Women 's Football Club ( CAWFC ) play in the FA Women 's Championship . Founded in 1991 as Bromley Borough , later under the name Croydon Women 's F.C. , between 2000-2007 as Charlton Athletic the club was one of the most successful women 's teams in England . After the parent club 's relegation from the Premier League , the women 's set up was controversially disbanded in the summer of 2007 , causing almost all of the senior squad to depart , although later on a rescue sponsorship package was formed allowing the women 's set up to continue . In September 2010 the team secured a two-year shirt sponsorship deal with safety , health and environmental consultancy firm PHSC plc . This was later extended until the end of 2016-17 season , after which the shirt sponsorship was aligned with the men 's team . Currently the shirts bear the name of the charity Children with Cancer . The clubs Principle Sponsor is The British Institute of Kitchen , Bedroom & Bathroom Installation ( BiKBBI ) . CAWFC won the FA Women 's Premier League Southern Division title in 2017-18 . On 27 May 2018 they beat Northern Division champions Blackburn Rovers Ladies FC 2-1 in a play-off final at Bramall Lane , Sheffield , and thus gained promotion to the FA Women 's Championship , the second tier of women 's football , for the season 2018-19 ." } ] }, { "value": "Fulham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fulham_L.F.C.", "summary": "WFC Fulham , previously known as Fulham LFC , was a Ladies Football Club ( LFC ) formerly associated with Fulham Football Club . The team were dissolved as of 16 May 2006 , but were later re-established with independence from Fulham F.C . The club dissolved for a second time in June 2010 when sponsors pulled out following a second successive relegation . Fulham became the first Ladies ' football team in Europe to turn full-time professional in April 2000 . However , club chairman Mohamed Al-Fayed reverted the club to semi-professional status three years later ." } ] }, { "value": "1-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Underhill Stadium , Chipping Barnet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Underhill_Stadium", "summary": "Underhill Stadium was a stadium in Chipping Barnet , London , that was the home of Barnet Football Club between 1907 and 2013 . It has been the training ground of the London Broncos rugby league club since 2014 ; the club 's under-19 team also play their fixtures there . Before being demolished the stadium was recorded as having a final capacity of 6,023 . The stadium was famous for its slope from the North to South end . It was also used for Arsenal reserve games until 2012 . Barnet played their final game at the stadium on 20 April 2013 with a 1-0 win over Wycombe Wanderers , with Jake Hyde scoring the winner in the 81st minute , and Graham Stack saving a 94th-minute penalty to secure the victory in front of a sell-out crowd of 6,001 . Barnet moved out of the ground and started their 2013-14 season campaign at The Hive Stadium in Edgware . Demolition of Underhill began in January 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2004–05_FA_Women's_Premier_League_Cup", "summary": "The 2004-05 FA Women 's Premier League Cup was the 14th edition of the FA Women 's Premier League 's league cup competition , which began in 1991 . It was sponsored by Nationwide and was officially known as the FA Nationwide Women 's Premier League Cup . The competition was contested by all 34 teams of the three divisions of the FA Women 's Premier League ( National Division , Northern Division and Southern Division ) . Arsenal won their eight title after a 3-0 win over Charlton Athletic in the final ." } ] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Charlton Athletic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlton_Athletic_L.F.C.", "summary": "Charlton Athletic Women 's Football Club ( CAWFC ) play in the FA Women 's Championship . Founded in 1991 as Bromley Borough , later under the name Croydon Women 's F.C. , between 2000-2007 as Charlton Athletic the club was one of the most successful women 's teams in England . After the parent club 's relegation from the Premier League , the women 's set up was controversially disbanded in the summer of 2007 , causing almost all of the senior squad to depart , although later on a rescue sponsorship package was formed allowing the women 's set up to continue . In September 2010 the team secured a two-year shirt sponsorship deal with safety , health and environmental consultancy firm PHSC plc . This was later extended until the end of 2016-17 season , after which the shirt sponsorship was aligned with the men 's team . Currently the shirts bear the name of the charity Children with Cancer . The clubs Principle Sponsor is The British Institute of Kitchen , Bedroom & Bathroom Installation ( BiKBBI ) . CAWFC won the FA Women 's Premier League Southern Division title in 2017-18 . On 27 May 2018 they beat Northern Division champions Blackburn Rovers Ladies FC 2-1 in a play-off final at Bramall Lane , Sheffield , and thus gained promotion to the FA Women 's Championship , the second tier of women 's football , for the season 2018-19 ." } ] }, { "value": "3-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Griffin Park , Brentford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Griffin_Park", "summary": "Griffin Park is a football ground in Brentford , situated in the London Borough of Hounslow , Greater London . It has been the home ground of Championship club Brentford F.C . since it was built in 1904 . The ground is situated in a predominantly residential area and is known for being the only English league football ground to have a pub on each corner . The ground gets its name from the griffin , featured in the logo of Fuller 's Brewery , which at one point owned the orchard on which the stadium was built ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2005–06_FA_Women's_Premier_League_Cup", "summary": "The 2005-06 FA Women 's Premier League Cup was the 15th edition of the FA Women 's Premier League 's league cup competition , which began in 1991 . It was sponsored by Nationwide and was officially known as the FA Nationwide Women 's Premier League Cup . The competition was contested by all 34 teams of the three divisions of the FA Women 's Premier League ( National Division , Northern Division and Southern Division ) . Charlton Athletic won their second title after a 2-1 win over Arsenal in the final ." } ] }, { "value": "Charlton Athletic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlton_Athletic_L.F.C.", "summary": "Charlton Athletic Women 's Football Club ( CAWFC ) play in the FA Women 's Championship . Founded in 1991 as Bromley Borough , later under the name Croydon Women 's F.C. , between 2000-2007 as Charlton Athletic the club was one of the most successful women 's teams in England . After the parent club 's relegation from the Premier League , the women 's set up was controversially disbanded in the summer of 2007 , causing almost all of the senior squad to depart , although later on a rescue sponsorship package was formed allowing the women 's set up to continue . In September 2010 the team secured a two-year shirt sponsorship deal with safety , health and environmental consultancy firm PHSC plc . This was later extended until the end of 2016-17 season , after which the shirt sponsorship was aligned with the men 's team . Currently the shirts bear the name of the charity Children with Cancer . The clubs Principle Sponsor is The British Institute of Kitchen , Bedroom & Bathroom Installation ( BiKBBI ) . CAWFC won the FA Women 's Premier League Southern Division title in 2017-18 . On 27 May 2018 they beat Northern Division champions Blackburn Rovers Ladies FC 2-1 in a play-off final at Bramall Lane , Sheffield , and thus gained promotion to the FA Women 's Championship , the second tier of women 's football , for the season 2018-19 ." } ] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "2-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Adams Park , Wycombe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adams_Park", "summary": "Adams Park is an association football stadium in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire . Built in 1990 , it is the home ground of Wycombe Wanderers FC and , since 2016 , Reading FC Women . Between 2003 and 2006 , the stadium was known as the Causeway Stadium under a naming rights deal , before reverting to its former name ." } ] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Leeds United", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leeds_United_L.F.C.", "summary": "Leeds United Women are an English women 's football club based in Leeds , West Yorkshire . They are currently members of the FA Women 's National League Division One North ." } ] }, { "value": "1-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Glanford Park , Scunthorpe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glanford_Park", "summary": "Glanford Park , currently known as The Sands Venue Stadium for sponsorship reasons , is a football stadium in Scunthorpe , Lincolnshire , England , and is the current home of Scunthorpe United . Opened in 1988 at a construction cost of £2.5 million , it was the first new purpose-built Football League stadium to be built in England for 33 years , since Southend United moved to Roots Hall in 1955 . The stadium is Scunthorpe 's second ground , with the Iron having previously played at the Old Showground from 1899 to 1988 . The ground 's record attendance was set at 9,077 for a Carling Cup Third Round tie against Manchester United on 22 September 2010 . On 30 July 2019 , the club signed a stadium naming-rights deal , and the stadium was renamed The Sands Venue Stadium for the 2019/20 League Two season ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2007–08_FA_Women's_Premier_League_Cup", "summary": "The FA Women 's Premier League Cup 2007-08 was the 17th staging of the FA Women 's Premier League Cup , a knockout competition for England 's top 36 women 's football clubs . The tournament was won by Everton L.F.C. , who beat previous holders Arsenal L.F.C . 1-0 in the final ; this was Everton 's first title ." } ] }, { "value": "Everton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Everton_L.F.C.", "summary": "Everton Football Club ( /ˈɛvərtən/ ) is an English women 's association football team based in Liverpool , England , that competes in the FA Women 's Super League , the top division of English women 's football . Formed in 1983 as Hoylake W.F.C. , it is now part of Everton F.C . but plays home games at Haig Avenue in Southport . The team has won the Premier League National Division once , the Premier League Cup once , and the Women 's FA Cup twice ." } ] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "1-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brisbane Road , Leyton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brisbane_Road", "summary": "Brisbane Road , currently referred to as The Breyer Group Stadium for sponsorship purposes , and originally known as Osborne Road , is a football stadium in Brisbane Road , Leyton , East London , England . It has been the home ground of Leyton Orient since 1937 , before which it was the home of amateur football team Leyton F.C. , who moved to the Hare and Hounds ground . The highest attendance at the ground was 34,345 for the visit of West Ham United in the 1964 FA Cup . It has hosted a number of England U-16 and England womens team matches . It hosted the 2007-08 FA Women 's Premier League Cup final . It was also home of the Tottenham Hotspur Reserves . In 2012 Brisbane Road hosted the final of the inaugural NextGen series , a competition for the academy sides of elite clubs ." } ] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arsenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arsenal_L.F.C.", "summary": "Arsenal Women Football Club , founded as Arsenal Ladies in 1987 , is an English professional women 's football club affiliated with Arsenal . The club plays in the Women 's Super League , the top flight of English women 's football . Arsenal have won more trophies than any other club in English women 's football , and have won the most titles in each domestic competition they have played in . The club have won 15 League titles , 14 FA Women 's Cup , 5 FA WSL Cups , 10 Women 's Premier League Cups , 5 FA Women 's Community Shield , and one UEFA Women 's Champions League . In the 2006-07 season , the club became the first in the history of women 's football to achieve the continental European sextuple . Arsenal were founded in 1987 following an initiative by Vic Akers , who became the club 's first manager . He guided Arsenal to continued success until his departure in 2009 , winning the most top-flight matches in English football history . The club have sustained this record , and have won the most doubles and trebles in English football history . Arsenal have also completed a record seven unbeaten league seasons , setting a number of English records for longest top-flight unbeaten run , for goals scored , and points won . Arsenal have played their home games at Meadow Park , Borehamwood , since their founding . Arsenal W.F.C . are the only club in European football to have won a continental treble , doing so while also going unbeaten in all competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Doncaster Rovers Belles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Doncaster_Rovers_Belles_L.F.C.", "summary": "Doncaster Rovers Belles Ladies Football Club , previously Doncaster Belles , is an English women 's football club that plays in the FA Women 's National League Division One Midlands , the fourth tier of women 's football in England . The club 's administration is based at the Keepmoat Stadium in Doncaster , South Yorkshire , while home matches are played in nearby Rossington . They are one of English women 's football 's most famous and successful clubs , being one of only three non-London teams to have won the FA Women 's Premier League National Division , in 1992 and 1994 . Founded in 1969 by lottery ticket sellers at Belle Vue , home of Doncaster Rovers Football Club , they have also won the FA Women 's Cup six times and reached the final on a further seven occasions ." } ] }, { "value": "5-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Glanford Park , Scunthorpe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glanford_Park", "summary": "Glanford Park , currently known as The Sands Venue Stadium for sponsorship reasons , is a football stadium in Scunthorpe , Lincolnshire , England , and is the current home of Scunthorpe United . Opened in 1988 at a construction cost of £2.5 million , it was the first new purpose-built Football League stadium to be built in England for 33 years , since Southend United moved to Roots Hall in 1955 . The stadium is Scunthorpe 's second ground , with the Iron having previously played at the Old Showground from 1899 to 1988 . The ground 's record attendance was set at 9,077 for a Carling Cup Third Round tie against Manchester United on 22 September 2010 . On 30 July 2019 , the club signed a stadium naming-rights deal , and the stadium was renamed The Sands Venue Stadium for the 2019/20 League Two season ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2009–10_FA_Women's_Premier_League_Cup", "summary": "The 2009-10 FA Women 's Premier League Cup was the 20th edition of the cup tournament for teams both levels of the Women 's Premier League , the National Division and the Northern and Southern Divisions , the second and third level of English women 's football respectively . The cup was won by Leeds United , who defeated Everton 3-1 . This was the last season of the cup before the formation of the FA Women 's Super League and subsequently three of the four teams ( Arsenal , Chelsea and Everton ) in the semi-final progressed to the Super League the following season ." } ] }, { "value": "Leeds Carnegie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leeds_Carnegie_L.F.C.", "summary": "Leeds United Women are an English women 's football club based in Leeds , West Yorkshire . They are currently members of the FA Women 's National League Division One North ." } ] }, { "value": "Everton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Everton_L.F.C.", "summary": "Everton Football Club ( /ˈɛvərtən/ ) is an English women 's association football team based in Liverpool , England , that competes in the FA Women 's Super League , the top division of English women 's football . Formed in 1983 as Hoylake W.F.C. , it is now part of Everton F.C . but plays home games at Haig Avenue in Southport . The team has won the Premier League National Division once , the Premier League Cup once , and the Women 's FA Cup twice ." } ] }, { "value": "3-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Spotland , Rochdale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spotland", "summary": "Spotland is a district of Rochdale in Greater Manchester , England . The Rochdale ward name is Spotland and Falinge . The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 10,805 . It lies on the River Spodden , and is the home of Spotland Stadium . Historically a part of Lancashire , Spotland was formerly its own township within the ancient parish of Rochdale . The name Spotland means area around the Spodden , Spodden referring to the River Spodden , which itself means spouting stream . Spotland Primary School lies within the locality on Edmund Street ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2010–11_FA_Women's_Premier_League_Cup", "summary": "The 2010-11 FA Women 's Premier League Cup was the 21st edition of the cup tournament for teams both levels of the Women 's Premier League , the National Division and the Northern and Southern Divisions , the second and third level of English women 's football respectively . This was the first season of the cup following the creation of the Women 's Super League as the highest level of women 's football in England . As a result of the number of previous competitors such as Arsenal LFC did not compete . The cup was won by National Division side Barnet F.C . Ladies who defeated Nottingham Forest L.F.C . 5-4 on penalties after the match finished 0-0 after extra time ." } ] }, { "value": "Barnet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barnet_F.C._Ladies", "summary": "London Bees is an English women 's football club affiliated with Barnet F.C . They play in the FA Women 's Championship . The club has been in existence under several names since 1975 , originally being called District Line Ladies F.C . The team were re-branded as London Bees after joining the new WSL 2 for the 2014 season . The club have a first team and a youth academy at present which all train and play at the Hive Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "Nottingham Forest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_L.F.C.", "summary": "Nottingham Forest Women Football Club is an English women 's association football club affiliated with men 's Nottingham Forest . It is a member of the FA Women 's National League North and currently play their home matches at Eastwood Community FC The first known existence of a female Forest team was that which competed in the Notts and Derby League in the early 1970s but the club in its current form was officially founded in 1990 by the NFFC Community arm and then developed by the players . The small group of young women advertised in the men 's official programme against Everton for players to join them . The current kit is sponsored by The Reds Lotto draw and are growing ever stronger with their male counterparts . The team reached the FA Women 's Premier League Cup final in March 2011 , but were defeated by Barnet on penalties . They currently play in the FA Women 's Premier League Northern Division . Forest Women applied to join the FA WSL in 2014 , however were unsuccessful . On 1st July 2019 the club changed its name from 'Nottingham Forest Ladies ' to 'Nottingham Forest Women ' and their logo dropped the word 'ladies ' to become the same as the men 's ." } ] }, { "value": "0-0 a.e.t . ( 4-3 pens )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Adams Park , Wycombe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adams_Park", "summary": "Adams Park is an association football stadium in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire . Built in 1990 , it is the home ground of Wycombe Wanderers FC and , since 2016 , Reading FC Women . Between 2003 and 2006 , the stadium was known as the Causeway Stadium under a naming rights deal , before reverting to its former name ." } ] } ], "section_title": "List of finals", "section_text": "The finals were : [ 3 ]", "uid": "FA_Women's_Premier_League_Cup_0", "intro": "The Football Association Women's National League Cup is an annual cup competition in English women's association football. It was formerly known as the FA Women's Premier League Cup and is the women's equivalent to the men's EFL Trophy, open to third and fourth tier teams, although both competitions are organised by different governing bodies. The competition is open to the 72 teams in the FA Women's National League (Northern and Southern divisions plus the four regional Division One leagues). Until the creation of the FA WSL, the cup was England's top league cup. Since then the teams in the country's top two divisions compete in the FA Women's League Cup instead." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_ducks_in_animation", "title": "List of fictional ducks in animation", "header": [ "Name", "Show", "Studio", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Daffy Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daffy_Duck", "summary": "Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character produced by Warner Bros. Styled as an anthropomorphic black duck , the character has appeared in cartoon series such as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies , in which he usually has been depicted as a foil for Bugs Bunny . Daffy was one of the first of the new screwball characters that emerged in the late 1930s to replace traditional everyman characters who were more popular earlier during the decade , such as Mickey Mouse and Popeye . Daffy starred in 130 shorts in the golden age , making him the third-most frequent character in the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons , behind Bugs Bunny 's 167 appearances and Porky Pig 's 162 appearances . Virtually every Warner Bros. cartoon director put his own spin on the Daffy Duck character . Directors such as Bob Clampett , Robert McKimson , and Chuck Jones are notable examples of the character . Daffy was number 14 on TV Guide 's list of top 50 greatest cartoon characters ." } ] }, { "value": "Looney Tunes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Looney_Tunes", "summary": "Looney Tunes is an American animated comedy series produced by Warner Bros. from 1930 to 1969 during the golden age of American animation alongside its sister series Merrie Melodies . It was known for introducing Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Elmer Fudd , Tweety , Sylvester , Granny , Yosemite Sam , Foghorn Leghorn , Marvin the Martian , Pepé Le Pew , Speedy Gonzales , Tasmanian Devil , Road Runner , Wile E. Coyote and many other cartoon characters . Looney Tunes ' name was inspired by Walt Disney 's musical series Silly Symphonies . They initially showcased musical compositions whose rights were held by Warner 's music publishing interests through the adventures of cartoon characters such as Bosko and , after losing him , Buddy . The animation studio gained a higher profile , however , following their addition of directors Tex Avery and Chuck Jones and voice actor Mel Blanc . From 1942 to 1964 , Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were the most popular animated shorts in movie theaters . Looney Tunes has since become a worldwide media franchise , spawning several television series , feature films , comic books , music albums , video games , and amusement park rides , as well as serving as Warner Bros. ' flagship franchise . Many of the characters have made and continue to make cameo appearances in various other television shows , films , and advertisements . The most famous Looney Tunes character , Bugs Bunny , is regarded as a cultural icon and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Several Looney Tunes films are considered among the greatest animated cartoons of all time ( e.g . Duck Amuck , One Froggy Evening and What 's Opera , Doc ? ; All three Merrie Melodies ) , and five ( three Merrie Melodies : Tweetie Pie , Speedy Gonzales and Birds Anonymous ; and two Looney Tunes : Knighty Knight Bugs and For Scent-imental Reasons ) have won Academy Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "Warner Bros", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warner_Bros.", "summary": "Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. ( also simply known as Warner Bros. and initialized as WB ) is an American entertainment company headquartered in Burbank , California , and a division of AT & T 's WarnerMedia . Founded in 1923 , it has operations in areas such as film , television , and video games and is one of the Big Five major American film studios , as well as a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) . The company 's portfolio encompasses the film studios Warner Bros. Pictures , New Line Cinema , Castle Rock Entertainment and DC Films ; the television production and syndication company Warner Bros. Television ; the animation studios Warner Bros . Animation and Warner Animation Group ; the publisher DC Comics ; the video game development and publishing arm Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment ; the pay television channels Cartoon Network , Boomerang and Turner Classic Movies ; and a 50% interest in The CW television network , which is co-owned with ViacomCBS . Aside from content operations , Warner Bros. also has several theme parks that are managed and operated by third party companies ." } ] }, { "value": "A black duck with a white neck-ring and orange legs and beak . His name is derived from the fact that he behaves in a daffy way", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daisy Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daisy_Duck", "summary": "Daisy Duck is a cartoon character created in 1940 by Walt Disney Studios as the girlfriend of Donald Duck . Daisy is an anthropomorphic white duck , but has large eyelashes and ruffled tail feathers to suggest a skirt . She is often seen wearing a hair bow , blouse , and heeled shoes . Daisy usually shows a strong affinity towards Donald , although she is often characterized as being more sophisticated than him , going on dates with Gladstone Gander when she becomes frustrated with Donald 's immaturity . Daisy was introduced in the short film Mr . Duck Steps Out ( 1940 ) and was incorporated into Donald 's comic stories several months later . She appeared in 11 short films between 1940 and 1954 , and far later in Mickey 's Christmas Carol ( 1983 ) and Fantasia 2000 ( 1999 ) . In these roles , Daisy was always a supporting character , with the exception of Donald 's Dilemma ( 1947 ) . Daisy has received considerably more screen time in television , making regular appearances in Quack Pack ( 1996 ) , Mickey Mouse Works ( 1999-2000 ) , Disney 's House of Mouse ( 2001-2003 ) , Mickey Mouse Clubhouse ( 2006-2016 ) , Mickey Mouse ( 2013-present ) , and Mickey and the Roadster Racers ( 2017-present ) . Daisy has also appeared in several direct-to-video films such as Mickey 's Once Upon a Christmas ( 1999 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 2004 ) , and Mickey 's Twice Upon a Christmas ( 2004 ) . Daisy is the aunt of April , May , and June , three young girl ducks who bear resemblance to Huey , Dewey , and Louie . Daisy is a close friend of Clarabelle Cow and Clara Cluck in the comics and Minnie Mouse 's best friend ." } ] }, { "value": "Donald Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Donald_Duck", "summary": "Donald Fauntleroy Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions . Donald is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill , legs , and feet . He typically wears a sailor shirt and cap with a bow tie . Donald is known for his semi-intelligible speech and his mischievous and temperamental personality . Along with his friend Mickey Mouse , Donald was included in TV Guide 's list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002 . He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character , and is the most published comic book character in the world outside of the superhero genre . Donald Duck appeared in comedic roles in animated cartoons . Donald 's first appearance was in The Wise Little Hen ( 1934 ) , but it was his second appearance in Orphan 's Benefit which introduced him as a temperamental comic foil to Mickey Mouse . Throughout the next two decades , Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films , several of which were recognized at the Academy Awards . In the 1930s , he typically appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey and Goofy and was given his own film series starting with Don Donald ( 1937 ) . These films introduced Donald 's love interest Daisy Duck and often included his three nephews Huey , Dewey , and Louie . After the film Chips Ahoy ( 1956 ) , Donald appeared primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical animation in Mickey 's Christmas Carol ( 1983 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Disney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions", "summary": "The Walt Disney Company , commonly known as Disney ( /ˈdɪzni/ ) , is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank , California . Disney was originally founded on October 16 , 1923 , by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio ; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986 . The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production , television , and theme parks . Since the 1980s , Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands . The company is known for its film studio division , The Walt Disney Studios , which includes Walt Disney Pictures , Walt Disney Animation Studios , Pixar , Marvel Studios , Lucasfilm , 20th Century Studios , Searchlight Pictures , and Blue Sky Studios . Disney 's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks , Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International . Through these segments , Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network ; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , Freeform , FX , and National Geographic ; publishing , merchandising , music , and theater divisions ; and Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , a group of 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991 . Cartoon character Mickey Mouse , created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks , is one of the world 's most recognizable characters and serves as the company 's official mascot ." } ] }, { "value": "Has large eyelashes and ruffled tail feathers to suggest a skirt . She is often seen wearing a hair bow , blouse , and shoes . Daisy usually shows a strong affinity towards Donald , although she is often characterized as being more sophisticated than him", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Danger Duck", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Loonatics Unleashed", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Loonatics_Unleashed", "summary": "Loonatics Unleashed is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros . Animation that ran on Kids ' WB for two seasons from 2005 to 2007 in the United States , Teletoon in Canada , Kids Central ( now known as Okto ) in Singapore , Cartoon Network 's Boomerang in Australia , Cartoon Network in the UK , Italy , Southeast Asia , and Latin America , and Canal 5 in Mexico and rerun until September 15 , 2007 . It is still broadcasting in reruns on the Clan channel of the Televisión Española network in Spain . The series was based/inspired on the Looney Tunes cartoon characters , with the series described by Warner Bros. as an action-comedy . Loonatics Unleashed is meant to be a mixture of the Looney Tunes shorts ' irreverent style of humor and a modern action animated series , with the characters designed in a more action cartoon inspired style . Unlike previous Looney Tunes-related shows , Loonatics Unleashed has a darker tone and takes place in a post-apocalyptic setting , as well as multiple minor story arcs . The initial concept designs were met with a huge wave of criticism among fans and there were petitions to have the designs changed . Warner Bros. themselves have since considered this show to be a failure as well as an embarrassment . The Looney Tunes TV franchise went on hiatus after Loonatics Unleashed ended , until The Looney Tunes Show was released in 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "Warner Bros", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warner_Bros.", "summary": "Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. ( also simply known as Warner Bros. and initialized as WB ) is an American entertainment company headquartered in Burbank , California , and a division of AT & T 's WarnerMedia . Founded in 1923 , it has operations in areas such as film , television , and video games and is one of the Big Five major American film studios , as well as a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) . The company 's portfolio encompasses the film studios Warner Bros. Pictures , New Line Cinema , Castle Rock Entertainment and DC Films ; the television production and syndication company Warner Bros. Television ; the animation studios Warner Bros . Animation and Warner Animation Group ; the publisher DC Comics ; the video game development and publishing arm Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment ; the pay television channels Cartoon Network , Boomerang and Turner Classic Movies ; and a 50% interest in The CW television network , which is co-owned with ViacomCBS . Aside from content operations , Warner Bros. also has several theme parks that are managed and operated by third party companies ." } ] }, { "value": "A Descendant of Daffy Duck", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darkwing Duck / Drake Mallard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darkwing_Duck_(character)", "summary": "This article includes a list of characters from the Disney animated series Darkwing Duck ." } ] }, { "value": "Darkwing Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darkwing_Duck", "summary": "Darkwing Duck is an American animated action-adventure comedy television series produced by Disney Television Animation ( formerly Walt Disney Television Animation ) that first ran from 1991 to 1992 on both the syndicated programming block The Disney Afternoon and Saturday mornings on ABC . It features the adventures of Darkwing Duck , who is the superheroic alter-ego of an ordinary suburban person named Drake Mallard . Though originally believed by some fans to be a spin-off of the 1987 DuckTales series , creator Tad Stones stated in a 2016 report that he believes the two shows exist in different universes , despite DuckTales supporting characters Launchpad McQuack appearing on the series in a similar role to that the character plays in DuckTales as well as Gizmoduck appearing in a few episodes , and the fact that Scrooge McDuck , the main character of DuckTales , is mentioned in Darkwing Duck episode Tiff of the Titans . Additionally , the 2011 comic series DuckTales makes reference to Darkwing Duck and features various villains from the series . A crossover between the Darkwing Duck comic series and the DuckTales comic series occurs respectively in the seventeenth and eighteenth issues and the fifth and sixth issues of the series ." } ] }, { "value": "Disney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions", "summary": "The Walt Disney Company , commonly known as Disney ( /ˈdɪzni/ ) , is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank , California . Disney was originally founded on October 16 , 1923 , by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio ; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986 . The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production , television , and theme parks . Since the 1980s , Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands . The company is known for its film studio division , The Walt Disney Studios , which includes Walt Disney Pictures , Walt Disney Animation Studios , Pixar , Marvel Studios , Lucasfilm , 20th Century Studios , Searchlight Pictures , and Blue Sky Studios . Disney 's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks , Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International . Through these segments , Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network ; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , Freeform , FX , and National Geographic ; publishing , merchandising , music , and theater divisions ; and Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , a group of 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991 . Cartoon character Mickey Mouse , created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks , is one of the world 's most recognizable characters and serves as the company 's official mascot ." } ] }, { "value": "The title character and superhero of the series", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Title_character", "summary": "The title character in a narrative work is one who is named or referred to in the title of the work . In a performed work such as a play or film , the performer who plays the title character is said to have the title role of the piece . The title of the work might consist solely of the title character 's name - such as Michael Collins or Othello - or be a longer phrase or sentence - such as The Autobiography of Malcolm X or The Adventures of Tom Sawyer . The title character is commonly - but not necessarily - the protagonist of the story . Narrative works routinely do not have a title character , and there is some ambiguity in what qualifies as one . Examples in various media include Aida in the opera of the same name , Giselle in the ballet of the same name , the Doctor in the TV series Doctor Who , Harry Potter in the series of novels and films , Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet in the play Romeo and Juliet , and Amos Jones and Andy Brown in the radio and TV dramas Amos ' n ' Andy ." } ] }, { "value": "Della Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Della_Duck", "summary": "Della Duck is a cartoon character and core member of the Disney Duck family , both as the twin sister of Donald Duck and the mother of Donald 's famous nephews Huey , Dewey , and Louie . Della is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill , legs , and feet . She typically wears an aviator hat , bomber jacket , pants , and as an adult , a robotic prosthetic leg . Della is famous for her temperamental personality and adventurous spirit , and as a female adventurer and an amputee , for being a positive role model to young girls and to children with disabilities ." } ] }, { "value": "DuckTales", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/DuckTales_(2017_TV_series)", "summary": "DuckTales is an American animated television series , developed by Matt Youngberg and Francisco Angones originally for Disney XD , and then later for Disney Channel . Produced by Disney Television Animation , the series is a reboot of the original 1987 series of the same name . DuckTales was officially announced in February 2015 and premiered on August 12 , 2017 with a 44-minute special titled Woo-oo ! The first season , which resumed on September 23 , 2017 , consisted of 21 further twenty-two minute episodes and a 44-minute season finale special . Before the series was released , it was renewed for a second season on March 2 , 2017 . The second season premiered on October 20 , 2018 . On September 21 , 2018 , DuckTales was renewed for a third season ." } ] }, { "value": "Disney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions", "summary": "The Walt Disney Company , commonly known as Disney ( /ˈdɪzni/ ) , is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank , California . Disney was originally founded on October 16 , 1923 , by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio ; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986 . The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production , television , and theme parks . Since the 1980s , Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands . The company is known for its film studio division , The Walt Disney Studios , which includes Walt Disney Pictures , Walt Disney Animation Studios , Pixar , Marvel Studios , Lucasfilm , 20th Century Studios , Searchlight Pictures , and Blue Sky Studios . Disney 's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks , Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International . Through these segments , Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network ; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , Freeform , FX , and National Geographic ; publishing , merchandising , music , and theater divisions ; and Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , a group of 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991 . Cartoon character Mickey Mouse , created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks , is one of the world 's most recognizable characters and serves as the company 's official mascot ." } ] }, { "value": "The sister of Donald Duck and the mother of Huey , Dewey , and Louie ; an adventurer whose absence serves as an overarching mystery in the series", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dewey Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Huey,_Dewey,_and_Louie", "summary": "Huey , Dewey , and Louie Duck are triplet cartoon characters created in 1937 by writer Ted Osborne and cartoonist Al Taliaferro , and are owned by The Walt Disney Company . Huey , Dewey , and Louie are the nephews of Donald Duck and the great nephews of Scrooge McDuck . Like their uncles , the boys are anthropomorphic white ducks with yellow-orange bills and feet . They typically wear shirts and colorful baseball caps , which are sometimes used to distinguish them . Huey , Dewey and Louie have made several animated appearances in both films and television , but comics remain their primary medium . The trio are collectively the 11th most published comic book characters in the world , and outside of the superhero genre , second only to Donald . While the boys were originally created as mischief-makers to provoke Donald 's famous temper , later appearances showed them to be heroes in their own right and valuable assets to him and Scrooge on their adventures . All three of the boys are members of the fictional scouting organization the Junior Woodchucks ." } ] }, { "value": "Donald Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Donald_Duck", "summary": "Donald Fauntleroy Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions . Donald is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill , legs , and feet . He typically wears a sailor shirt and cap with a bow tie . Donald is known for his semi-intelligible speech and his mischievous and temperamental personality . Along with his friend Mickey Mouse , Donald was included in TV Guide 's list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002 . He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character , and is the most published comic book character in the world outside of the superhero genre . Donald Duck appeared in comedic roles in animated cartoons . Donald 's first appearance was in The Wise Little Hen ( 1934 ) , but it was his second appearance in Orphan 's Benefit which introduced him as a temperamental comic foil to Mickey Mouse . Throughout the next two decades , Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films , several of which were recognized at the Academy Awards . In the 1930s , he typically appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey and Goofy and was given his own film series starting with Don Donald ( 1937 ) . These films introduced Donald 's love interest Daisy Duck and often included his three nephews Huey , Dewey , and Louie . After the film Chips Ahoy ( 1956 ) , Donald appeared primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical animation in Mickey 's Christmas Carol ( 1983 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Disney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions", "summary": "The Walt Disney Company , commonly known as Disney ( /ˈdɪzni/ ) , is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank , California . Disney was originally founded on October 16 , 1923 , by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio ; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986 . The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production , television , and theme parks . Since the 1980s , Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands . The company is known for its film studio division , The Walt Disney Studios , which includes Walt Disney Pictures , Walt Disney Animation Studios , Pixar , Marvel Studios , Lucasfilm , 20th Century Studios , Searchlight Pictures , and Blue Sky Studios . Disney 's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks , Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International . Through these segments , Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network ; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , Freeform , FX , and National Geographic ; publishing , merchandising , music , and theater divisions ; and Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , a group of 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991 . Cartoon character Mickey Mouse , created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks , is one of the world 's most recognizable characters and serves as the company 's official mascot ." } ] }, { "value": "One of three of Donald Duck 's nephews , Dewey dresses in blue", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Donald Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Donald_Duck", "summary": "Donald Fauntleroy Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions . Donald is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill , legs , and feet . He typically wears a sailor shirt and cap with a bow tie . Donald is known for his semi-intelligible speech and his mischievous and temperamental personality . Along with his friend Mickey Mouse , Donald was included in TV Guide 's list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002 . He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character , and is the most published comic book character in the world outside of the superhero genre . Donald Duck appeared in comedic roles in animated cartoons . Donald 's first appearance was in The Wise Little Hen ( 1934 ) , but it was his second appearance in Orphan 's Benefit which introduced him as a temperamental comic foil to Mickey Mouse . Throughout the next two decades , Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films , several of which were recognized at the Academy Awards . In the 1930s , he typically appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey and Goofy and was given his own film series starting with Don Donald ( 1937 ) . These films introduced Donald 's love interest Daisy Duck and often included his three nephews Huey , Dewey , and Louie . After the film Chips Ahoy ( 1956 ) , Donald appeared primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical animation in Mickey 's Christmas Carol ( 1983 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Donald Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Donald_Duck", "summary": "Donald Fauntleroy Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions . Donald is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill , legs , and feet . He typically wears a sailor shirt and cap with a bow tie . Donald is known for his semi-intelligible speech and his mischievous and temperamental personality . Along with his friend Mickey Mouse , Donald was included in TV Guide 's list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002 . He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character , and is the most published comic book character in the world outside of the superhero genre . Donald Duck appeared in comedic roles in animated cartoons . Donald 's first appearance was in The Wise Little Hen ( 1934 ) , but it was his second appearance in Orphan 's Benefit which introduced him as a temperamental comic foil to Mickey Mouse . Throughout the next two decades , Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films , several of which were recognized at the Academy Awards . In the 1930s , he typically appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey and Goofy and was given his own film series starting with Don Donald ( 1937 ) . These films introduced Donald 's love interest Daisy Duck and often included his three nephews Huey , Dewey , and Louie . After the film Chips Ahoy ( 1956 ) , Donald appeared primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical animation in Mickey 's Christmas Carol ( 1983 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Disney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions", "summary": "The Walt Disney Company , commonly known as Disney ( /ˈdɪzni/ ) , is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank , California . Disney was originally founded on October 16 , 1923 , by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio ; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986 . The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production , television , and theme parks . Since the 1980s , Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands . The company is known for its film studio division , The Walt Disney Studios , which includes Walt Disney Pictures , Walt Disney Animation Studios , Pixar , Marvel Studios , Lucasfilm , 20th Century Studios , Searchlight Pictures , and Blue Sky Studios . Disney 's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks , Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International . Through these segments , Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network ; cable television networks such as Disney Channel , ESPN , Freeform , FX , and National Geographic ; publishing , merchandising , music , and theater divisions ; and Disney Parks , Experiences and Products , a group of 14 theme parks around the world . The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991 . Cartoon character Mickey Mouse , created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks , is one of the world 's most recognizable characters and serves as the company 's official mascot ." } ] }, { "value": "Donald is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill , legs , and feet . He typically wears a blue sailor suit with a cap and a black or red bow tie . Donald is most famous for his semi-intelligible speech and his mischievous and irritable personality", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dol , Mee , Rae and Toe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Leafie , a Hen into the Wild", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leafie,_a_Hen_into_the_Wild", "summary": "Leafie , A Hen into the Wild ( Korean : 마당을 나온 암탉 ; RR : Madangeul Naon Amtak ) , also called Daisy , A Hen into the Wild in English-speaking countries , is a 2011 South Korean animated drama film which depicts the freedom , will and instinctive motherly love of a hen as she raises an adopted duckling . The film made box office history by drawing over 2.2 million viewers , the largest audience for a home-grown animated film in South Korea . It also received widespread critical acclaim upon release ." } ] }, { "value": "Myung Films", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Myung_Films", "summary": "Myung Film Co. , Ltd. ( Hangul : 명필름 ) is a South Korean film production and distribution company . Established in the Republic of Korea by Shim Jae-myung , the company has distributed films throughout South Korea since its founding in September 1995 . In 2015 , film critics credit Myung Films for its contribution to enhance the development and industrialization of the Korean film industry since its inception . On 30 April 2015 , it opened Myung Films Art Center’ and ‘Myung Films Institute’ at the Myung Films HQ building in Paju City of Gyeonggi Province . The Art Center comprises a movie theater , an art performance stage and an art project exhibition hall . The Myung Films Institute offers a two-year program which comprises courses for various movie theories , liberal arts education , and production practice . 10 students are recruited each year in areas of ( a ) Drama movie directing ( 2 students ) , ( b ) Documentary directing ( 1 student ) , ( c ) Production ( 1 student ) , ( d ) Acting ( 2 students ) and ( e ) Cinema art - Filming , Editing and Sound ( 1 student each ) . The institute provides all expenses for movie-making , tuition and dormitory accommodation for its students . The institute 's first feature film In Between Seasons ( 2016 ) was directed by first-time director Lee Dong-eun who graduated from its first Film Directing major graduating class . In Between Seasons was screened in the New Currents section at the 21st Busan International Film Festival where it won the KNN Award . Lee went on to make his second feature , the critically acclaimed Mothers ( 2017 ) which won the NETPAC Award at the 2018 Vesoul International Film Festival of Asian Cinema ." } ] }, { "value": "Four small white ducks who are two pairs of twins ( Dol and Toe being one pair of twins and Mee and Rae being the other pair of twins ) . They are clumsy and weird and like singing songs about themselves and like following the leader . After discovering Rooster 's comb was a fake , Mee took it and played around with it", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Doris the Duck", "urls": [] }, { "value": "64 Zoo Lane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/64_Zoo_Lane", "summary": "64 Zoo Lane is a British-French children 's cartoon created by English author An Vrombaut . The series was produced by Millimages , Zoo Lane Productions , and La Cinquième . The series premiered in 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Zoo Lane Productions , Ltd", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A yellow duck who is friends with Kevin the Crocodile and Toby the Turtle . Her attitude in character can either be bossy or irresponsible . Sometimes , Doris can annoy other animals such as making duck quacks", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duck", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Almost Naked Animals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Almost_Naked_Animals", "summary": "Almost Naked Animals is a Canadian animated series that was produced by 9 Story Entertainment for Cartoon Network and YTV . The series premiered on January 7 , 2011 on YTV . The series was created by Noah Z. Jones , who is also the creator of the Disney Channel animated series Fish Hooks and the Disney XD animated series Pickle and Peanut . The series ended on May 22 , 2013 . The show was based upon an art website that Noah Z. Jones created in 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "9 Story Media Group", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/9_Story_Media_Group", "summary": "9 Story Media Group Inc. is a Canadian production company and international distributor headquartered in Toronto , Ontario ." } ] }, { "value": "A Tan-colored duck who does every random job and tries anything to get it done", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Little_Bear_(TV_series)", "summary": "Little Bear is an educational Canadian children 's animated television comedy series based on the Little Bear series of books written by Else Holmelund Minarik , and illustrated by Maurice Sendak ; the program was originally produced for the CBC . It has been rebroadcast on many channels , including Noggin/Nick Jr. ( U.S. ) , ABC and ABC2 ( Australia ) , RTÉ ( Ireland ) , TV2 ( New Zealand ) and Children 's BBC ( UK ) . The show aired in reruns on Nick on CBS for one year from September 16 , 2000 , to September 8 , 2001 . A direct-to-video/DVD full-length feature film titled The Little Bear Movie was released in 2001 ." } ] }, { "value": "Little Bear", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Little_Bear_(TV_series)", "summary": "Little Bear is an educational Canadian children 's animated television comedy series based on the Little Bear series of books written by Else Holmelund Minarik , and illustrated by Maurice Sendak ; the program was originally produced for the CBC . It has been rebroadcast on many channels , including Noggin/Nick Jr. ( U.S. ) , ABC and ABC2 ( Australia ) , RTÉ ( Ireland ) , TV2 ( New Zealand ) and Children 's BBC ( UK ) . The show aired in reruns on Nick on CBS for one year from September 16 , 2000 , to September 8 , 2001 . A direct-to-video/DVD full-length feature film titled The Little Bear Movie was released in 2001 ." } ] }, { "value": "Nelvana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nelvana", "summary": "Nelvana Enterprises , Inc. ( previously known as Nelvana Ltd. ) is a Canadian animation studio and children 's media company owned by Corus Entertainment . Founded in 1971 , it was named by founders Michael Hirsh , Patrick Loubert and Clive A. Smith after a Canadian comic book superheroine created by Adrian Dingle in the 1940s . The company 's production logo is a polar bear looking at the North Star . Most of its films , shows and specials are based on licensed properties , mainly children 's literature , but original programming is also part of its roster such as Corn & Peg . It ventured into the world of live action from its establishment and continues to do so . Nelvana also distributes internationally two Nickelodeon shows : Taina and the first five seasons of The Fairly OddParents . As of 2001 [ update ] , its library comprises more than 1,650 cumulative half-hours of original programming . The company has international offices in France , Ireland and Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "A domesticated duck with yellow feathers , an orange beak and a long neck . Slow and smart at the same time , Duck is one who gets herself into comical situations", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sarah_&_Duck", "summary": "Sarah & Duck is a British animated children 's television series created by Sarah Gomes Harris and Tim O'Sullivan ( aka Duck ) , and produced by Karrot Animation for the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) . Though designed as a story-driven animation primarily targeted at 4- to 6-year-old children since premiering at the MIPCOM trade show in 2012 , the series now has somewhat of an adult following . [ citation needed ] Sarah & Duck was first broadcast on the UK channel CBeebies on 18 February 2013 . A total of 120 episodes have been commissioned , with 40 each for Series 1 , 2 , and 3 . The 3rd series started in October 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarah & Duck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sarah_&_Duck", "summary": "Sarah & Duck is a British animated children 's television series created by Sarah Gomes Harris and Tim O'Sullivan ( aka Duck ) , and produced by Karrot Animation for the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) . Though designed as a story-driven animation primarily targeted at 4- to 6-year-old children since premiering at the MIPCOM trade show in 2012 , the series now has somewhat of an adult following . [ citation needed ] Sarah & Duck was first broadcast on the UK channel CBeebies on 18 February 2013 . A total of 120 episodes have been commissioned , with 40 each for Series 1 , 2 , and 3 . The 3rd series started in October 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Karrot Entertainment", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A seemingly domesticated duck styled loosely after a wild mallard . Excitable and occasionally bad-tempered , Duck accompanies Sarah on her adventures . Unlike a real mallard , Duck suffers no adverse effects from bread and bread products , which he consumes with considerable gusto", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mallard", "summary": "The mallard ( /ˈmælɑːrd/ or /ˈmælərd/ ) ( Anas platyrhynchos ) is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas , Eurasia , and North Africa and has been introduced to New Zealand , Australia , Peru , Brazil , Uruguay , Argentina , Chile , Colombia , the Falkland Islands , and South Africa . This duck belongs to the subfamily Anatinae of the waterfowl family Anatidae . The male birds ( drakes ) have a glossy green head and are grey on their wings and belly , while the females ( hens or ducks ) have mainly brown-speckled plumage . Both sexes have an area of white-bordered black or iridescent blue feathers called a speculum on their wings ; males especially tend to have blue speculum feathers . The mallard is 50-65 cm ( 20-26 in ) long , of which the body makes up around two-thirds the length . The wingspan is 81-98 cm ( 32-39 in ) and the bill is 4.4 to 6.1 cm ( 1.7 to 2.4 in ) long . It is often slightly heavier than most other dabbling ducks , weighing 0.72-1.58 kg ( 1.6-3.5 lb ) . Mallards live in wetlands , eat water plants and small animals , and are social animals preferring to congregate in groups or flocks of varying sizes . This species is the main ancestor of most breeds of domesticated ducks . The female lays eight to 13 creamy white to greenish-buff spotless eggs , on alternate days . Incubation takes 27 to 28 days and fledging takes 50 to 60 days . The ducklings are precocial and fully capable of swimming as soon as they hatch ." } ] }, { "value": "Ducks", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thumbelina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thumbelina_(1994_film)", "summary": "Thumbelina ( also known as Hans Christian Andersen 's Thumbelina ) is a 1994 American animated musical fantasy film directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman , based on the book of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen and starring the voices of Jodi Benson , Gary Imhoff and John Hurt , with supporting roles from Gino Conforti , Gilbert Gottfried , Carol Channing and Joe Lynch . The film was produced by Don Bluth Ireland Ltd. , and was released to movie theaters by Warner Bros. Pictures under their Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label on March 30 , 1994 , in the United States and July 29 , 1994 , in the United Kingdom . As of March 20 , 2019 , the film rights are now owned by The Walt Disney Company through 20th Century Fox , which had obtained the film rights from Warner Bros. in the early 2000s ." } ] }, { "value": "Don Bluth Productions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_Bluth_Productions", "summary": "Sullivan Bluth Studios was an American and Irish animation studio established in 1979 by animator Don Bluth . Bluth and several colleagues , all of whom were former Disney animators , left Disney on September 13 , 1979 to form Don Bluth Productions , later known as the Bluth Group . This studio produced the short film Banjo the Woodpile Cat , the feature film The Secret of NIMH , a brief animation sequence in the musical Xanadu , and the video games Dragon 's Lair and Space Ace . The Bluth Group went bankrupt in 1984 , and Bluth co-founded Sullivan Bluth Studios with American businessman Morris Sullivan in 1985 . The studio initially operated from an animation facility in Van Nuys , California , and negotiated with Steven Spielberg and Amblin Entertainment to make the animated feature An American Tail . During its production , Sullivan began to move the studio to Dublin , Ireland , to take advantage of government investment and incentives offered by the Industrial Development Authority ( IDA ) . Most of the staff from the US studio moved to the new Dublin facility during production on the studio 's second feature film , The Land Before Time . The studio also recruited heavily from Ireland , and helped set up an animation course at Ballyfermot College of Further Education to train new artists . After The Land Before Time , the studio severed its connection with Amblin and negotiated with UK-based Goldcrest Films , which invested in and distributed two additional features , All Dogs Go to Heaven and Rock-a-Doodle . In 1989 , during the production of All Dogs Go to Heaven , founding member John Pomeroy and many of the remaining US staff members returned to America to form a US wing in Burbank , California . The studio found itself in financial difficulty in 1992 when Goldcrest withdrew funding due to concerns about the poor box office returns of its most recent films and budgetary over-runs in its in-production films , Thumbelina , A Troll in Central Park and The Pebble and the Penguin . Another British film company , Merlin Films , and Hong Kong media company Media Assets invested in the studio to fund the completion and release of the three partially completed films ." } ] }, { "value": "Ducks that sing the song Thumbelina in the beginning of the film along with the other farm animals , most notably the one female duck who sings the first line . The ducks are seen in later in the film around the part where Thumbelina 's mother starts to sing Soon ( Reprise )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duck", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Word World", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Word_World", "summary": "WordWorld is an American CGI animated television series that debuted on PBS Kids . It was created by Don Moody , Jacqueline Moody , Peter Schneider and Gary Friedman . WordWorld was produced by The Learning Box and WTTW-TV . The series premiered on September 3 , 2007 and ended on January 17 , 2011 with 45 episodes and 3 seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "The Learning Box", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A yellow duck who is shaped like the word Duck , similarly to how the other animals are shaped like the words they represent . He is one of the two main protagonists and is Frog 's friend", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Duck Brothers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Courage_the_Cowardly_Dog_characters", "summary": "This is a list of characters from the Cartoon Network animated series , Courage the Cowardly Dog ." } ] }, { "value": "Courage the Cowardly Dog", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Courage_the_Cowardly_Dog", "summary": "Courage the Cowardly Dog is an American animated horror comedy television series created by John R. Dilworth for Cartoon Network and the eighth of the Cartoon Cartoons . It was produced by Dilworth 's own animation studio , Stretch Films , in association with Cartoon Network . The title character is a pink , anthropomorphic dog who lives with an elderly couple in a farmhouse in the middle of Nowhere . In each episode , the trio are thrown into bizarre and frequently disturbing misadventures , often involving the paranormal or supernatural . The series is known for its dark , surreal humor and atmosphere . Dilworth pitched the series to Hanna-Barbera 's animated shorts showcase What a Cartoon ! and a pilot titled The Chicken from Outer Space aired on Cartoon Network on February 18 , 1996 . The segment was nominated for an Academy Award , but lost to Wallace and Gromit 's A Close Shave . Cartoon Network greenlit the series from the short , which premiered on November 12 , 1999 , and ended on November 22 , 2002 , with four seasons of thirteen episodes each produced . During its run , the series was nominated for three Golden Reel Awards and one Annie Award . The series received critical acclaim and has developed a strong cult following . Merchandise based on the series has also been produced , such as home media releases , toys , and clothing ." } ] }, { "value": "Wang Film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wang_Film_Productions", "summary": "Wang Film Productions Co. , Ltd. ( also known as Hong Guang Animation ( 宏廣 ) and Cuckoos ' Nest Studio ) is one of the oldest and most prolific Taiwanese-American animation studios . The company , based in Xindian , Taipei and Los Angeles , California , has done animation/ink and paint for various TV shows and films for studios in North America , Europe and Asia ." } ] }, { "value": "Three brother ducks from outer space . Their names are Donnie , Clyde and Payne . One of them is always laying eggs even though he is male", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "D", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_fictional_ducks_in_animation_3", "intro": "This is a List of fictional ducks in animation and is a subsidiary to the List of fictional ducks and List of fictional animals. It is limited solely to notable duck characters who appear in various animated television shows and feature-length films. Characters that appear in multiple works shall be listed with their earliest appearance solely." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLASP_(British_Rail)", "title": "CLASP (British Rail)", "header": [ "Station", "Region", "Year", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Sunbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sunbury_railway_station,_Surrey", "summary": "Sunbury railway station serves the town of Sunbury-on-Thames , in the Spelthorne district of Surrey , England . It is 16 miles 64 chains ( 27.0 km ) down the line from London Waterloo . The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1965", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fleet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fleet_railway_station", "summary": "Fleet railway station serves the town of Fleet in Hampshire , England . It is situated on the South Western Main Line , which has four tracks through the station . There are two platforms on the outer pair of tracks , which are served by trains between London Waterloo and Basingstoke and Southampton . The centre pair of tracks have no platforms and are used by through-services . The station , and all trains calling there , are operated by South Western Railway . It is 36 miles 38 chains ( 58.7 km ) from Waterloo [ note 1 ] and is situated between Farnborough ( Main ) and Winchfield stations ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1966", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rebuilt 2013-2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Crawley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crawley_railway_station", "summary": "Crawley railway station is a railway station serving the town of Crawley in West Sussex , England . It is 30 miles 49 chains ( 49.3 km ) down the line from London Bridge , measured via Redhill . It is operated by Southern . The station is the last stop on the Arun Valley Line before it joins the Brighton Main Line ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1967", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Incorporated an office development above", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ashtead", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ashtead_railway_station", "summary": "Ashtead railway station is in Ashtead , Surrey , England . It is 16 miles 19 chains ( 26.1 km ) down the line from London Waterloo ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rebuilt 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aylesham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aylesham_railway_station", "summary": "Aylesham railway station is on the Dover branch of the Chatham Main Line in England , and serves the village of Aylesham , Kent . It is 68 miles 66 chains ( 110.8 km ) down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Adisham and Snowdown . The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern . It was built by the Southern Railway and opened on 1 July 1928 to cater for the considerable increase in passenger traffic brought about by the development of the Kent coalfield . The main station buildings are on the London-bound side of the station . The station booking office is manned on Mondays to Saturdays mornings and a self-service ticket machine is located on the London-bound platform ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belmont", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belmont_railway_station_(Sutton)", "summary": "Belmont railway station serves the village of Belmont in the London Borough of Sutton in south London . The station is located on the Epsom Downs line , part of the Sutton & Mole Valley Line services of the Southern , and is in Travelcard Zone 5 . It is 16 miles 1 chain ( 25.77 km ) down the line from London Bridge measured via West Croydon ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Now demolished", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belvedere", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belvedere_railway_station", "summary": "Belvedere railway station is a railway station in South East London between Abbey Wood and Erith . It is 12 miles 75 chains ( 20.8 km ) measured from London Charing Cross . It is served by Southeastern . A level crossing beyond the platforms ' western limits was closed prior to the westerly extension of platforms c. 1994 and the ticket office and passenger shelters were rebuilt soon afterwards ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rebuilt in 2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charlton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlton_railway_station", "summary": "Charlton railway station is a railway station in Charlton , Royal Borough of Greenwich . It is 7 miles 44 chains ( 12.2 km ) measured from London Charing Cross . The station is operated by Southeastern . Trains serving the station are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink . It is in Travelcard Zone 3 . Charlton station is within walking distance of The Valley , home of Charlton Athletic F.C . It was first opened in 1849 by the South Eastern Railway on the North Kent Line and is close to the junction where the routes via Greenwich and Lewisham converge ( the link from Greenwich and Maze Hill being completed in 1878 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Crayford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crayford_railway_station", "summary": "Crayford railway station is in the London Borough of Bexley in south-east London , in Travelcard Zone 6 . It is 15 miles 25 chains ( 24.6 km ) down the line from London Charing Cross . The station and all trains serving it are operated by Southeastern . Down trains run eastbound to Dartford , Gravesend and to London Cannon Street via Slade Green , and up trains run westbound to Cannon Street and London Charing Cross via Lewisham . Ticket barriers are in operation ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Destroyed by fire in 2000 ; replaced by new building in 2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Eltham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Eltham_railway_station", "summary": "New Eltham railway station is in the Royal Borough of Greenwich in south-east London . It is 10 miles 32 chains ( 16.7 km ) down the line from London Charing Cross . It is operated by Southeastern and is in Travelcard Zone 4 . It has two platforms : Platform 1 the up platform for services to London and Platform 2 the down platform , for services towards Kent ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Since rebuilt", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Slade Green", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Slade_Green_railway_station", "summary": "Slade Green railway station is in the London Borough of Bexley , southeast London , on the North Kent Line . It is 15 miles 30 chains ( 24.7 km ) measured from London Charing Cross . The station was built in 1900 to serve the developing community . It opened as Slades Green and it was not until 1953 that this was changed to Slade Green . As of 2019 the station and trains serving it are operated by Southeastern and Thameslink ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Berrylands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Berrylands_railway_station", "summary": "Berrylands railway station is a National Rail station in the borough of Kingston upon Thames , London . It is 10 miles 78 chains ( 17.7 km ) south-west of London Waterloo and is situated between New Malden and Surbiton ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1969", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hampton Wick", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hampton_Wick_railway_station", "summary": "Hampton Wick railway station is in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames , in south-west London , and is in Travelcard Zone 6 . The suburb of Hampton Wick is on the opposite bank of the River Thames from Kingston upon Thames and lies at the eastern end of Hampton Court Park . It is 12 miles 44 chains ( 20.2 km ) down the line from London Waterloo . The station and all trains serving it are operated by South Western Railway ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1969", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Catford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Catford_railway_station", "summary": "Catford railway station is one of two stations serving the London suburb of Catford . Mainly used by commuters , it is in Travelcard Zone 3 and is on the Catford Loop Line , between Crofton Park and Bellingham . It is served mainly by Thameslink trains between West Hampstead Thameslink , London Blackfriars and Sevenoaks . Connections to London Victoria are available at Peckham Rye . Catford is 8 miles 3 chains ( 12.9 km ) measured from Victoria . It is adjacent to , and on a higher level than , Catford Bridge railway station on the Mid-Kent Line . The two stations are separated by the site of the former Catford Stadium . Interchange on one ticket is allowed between the two stations . There is only a small shelter , a ticket machine , a few lamp-posts and a stairway on each of the two otherwise bare platforms , unlike the more ornate Catford Bridge station , which has retained most of its original architecture . Each platform has customer information screens ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1970", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Poole", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Poole_railway_station", "summary": "Poole railway station is on the South Western Main Line serving the town of Poole in Dorset , England . It is situated in the town centre next to Holes Bay . It is one of four stations in the Borough of Poole and is 113 miles 62 chains ( 183.1 km ) down the main line from London Waterloo . [ note 1 ] The station is operated by South Western Railway and is served by London to Weymouth express and semi-fast services . It is also the terminus for the London to Poole stopping service . Virgin CrossCountry used to operate services from Poole to the North West and Scotland but since 2007 these now start/terminate at Bournemouth ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1970", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Since rebuilt", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oxford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oxford_railway_station", "summary": "Oxford railway station is a mainline railway station serving the city of Oxford , England . It is about 0.5 miles ( 800 m ) west of the city centre , north-west of Frideswide Square and the eastern end of Botley Road . It is on the line for trains between London Paddington and Hereford via Worcester Shrub Hill . It is a starting point for fast and local trains to London Paddington and London Marylebone , and for local trains to Reading , Worcester ( Shrub Hill and Foregate stations ) , and Banbury . It is also on the north/south Cross Country Route from Manchester Piccadilly and Newcastle via Birmingham New Street and Reading to Southampton Central and Bournemouth . The station is managed by Great Western Railway , and also served by CrossCountry and Chiltern Railways trains . Immediately to the north is Sheepwash Channel Railway Bridge over the Sheepwash Channel ." } ] }, { "value": "Western Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Western Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right on completion of the Organising for Quality initiative on 6 April 1992 . The Region consisted principally of ex-Great Western Railway lines , minus certain lines west of Birmingham , which were transferred to the London Midland Region in 1963 and with the addition of all former Southern Railway routes west of Exeter , which were subsequently rationalised ." } ] }, { "value": "1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rebuilt , 1990", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Longfield", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Longfield_railway_station", "summary": "Longfield railway station is on the Chatham Main Line in England , serving the villages of Longfield , Hartley , and New Ash Green . It is 23 miles 30 chains ( 37.6 km ) down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Farningham Road and Meopham . The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Meopham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Meopham_railway_station", "summary": "Meopham railway station is on the Chatham Main Line in England , serving the village of Meopham , Kent . It is 25 miles 76 chains ( 41.8 km ) down the line from London Victoria and is situated between Longfield and Sole Street . The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern . The extant station is a prefabricated building erected in 1971 to British Rail 's CLASP design ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bristol Parkway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bristol_Parkway_railway_station", "summary": "Bristol Parkway railway station , on the South Wales Main Line , is in the Stoke Gifford area in the northern suburbs of the Bristol conurbation . It is 112 miles ( 180 km ) from London Paddington . The station was opened in 1972 by British Rail , and was the first in a new generation of park and ride stations . It is the third-most heavily used station in the West of England , after Bristol Temple Meads and Bath Spa . There are four platforms , and a well-equipped waiting area . The station is managed by Great Western Railway , who provide most of the trains at the station , with CrossCountry providing the rest . Electrification using the 25 kV AC overhead system reached Bristol Parkway in late 2018 , and electric trains in the Swindon and London direction commenced passenger service on 30th December 2018 . This is part of the planned modernisation of the Great Western Main Line ." } ] }, { "value": "Western Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Western_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Western Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right on completion of the Organising for Quality initiative on 6 April 1992 . The Region consisted principally of ex-Great Western Railway lines , minus certain lines west of Birmingham , which were transferred to the London Midland Region in 1963 and with the addition of all former Southern Railway routes west of Exeter , which were subsequently rationalised ." } ] }, { "value": "1972", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Opened 1 May 1972 with temporary CLASP buildings ; rebuilt in 2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kidbrooke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kidbrooke_railway_station", "summary": "Kidbrooke railway station serves Kidbrooke in the Royal Borough of Greenwich , south-east London . It is 9 miles 51 chains ( 15.5 km ) measured from London Victoria . The station and all trains serving it are operated by Southeastern ." } ] }, { "value": "Southern Region", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways", "summary": "The Southern Region was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were re-privatised . The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s . The region covered south London , southern England and the south coast , including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent , Sussex and Surrey . The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area ." } ] }, { "value": "1972", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Since rebuilt", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "List of stations rebuilt using CLASP methods", "section_text": "", "uid": "CLASP_(British_Rail)_0", "intro": "The CLASP (Consortium of Local Authorities Special Programme) system was a scheme developed in the 1950s by English local authorities to devise a method of designing and assembling prefabricated buildings for use in the public sector. The former Southern Region of British Rail, the state-owned railway operator, adopted the system in the 1960s and 1970s and used it for signalboxes and station buildings. The Western Region also rebuilt some stations using the same methods." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)", "title": "List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)", "header": [ "Call letters", "Channel", "Network ( s )", "City and state" ], "data": [ { "value": "KQCA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQCA", "summary": "KQCA , virtual channel 58 ( UHF digital channel 46 ) , is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station serving Sacramento , California , United States that is licensed to Stockton . The station is owned by the Hearst Television subsidiary of Hearst Communications , as part of a duopoly with Sacramento-licensed NBC affiliate KCRA-TV ( channel 3 ) . The two stations share studios on Television Circle in downtown Sacramento and transmitter facilities in Walnut Grove . There is no separate website for KQCA ; instead , it is integrated with that of sister station KCRA-TV . KQCA can also be seen locally on Comcast Xfinity channels 4 and 704 in HD , Consolidated Communications channels 4 and 604 in HD , Spectrum channels 8 and 788 in HD , Wave Broadband channels 11 and 788 in HD in Yolo County and channels 8 and 708 in HD in Placer County ." } ] }, { "value": "46 PSIP 58", "urls": [] }, { "value": "58.1 MyNetworkTV 46.2 This TV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MyNetworkTV", "summary": "MyNetworkTV ( unofficially abbreviated as MyTV , MyNet , MNT or MNTV ) , is an American television network/syndication service that is owned by Fox Corporation , operated by its Fox Television Stations division , and distributed through the syndication structure of 20th Television . MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5 , 2006 with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96% of the country , most of which consisted of stations that were former affiliates of The WB and UPN that did not join the successor of those two networks , The CW . Under the ownership structure of Fox Corporation , the service is incorporated as a subsidiary company known as Master Distribution Service , Inc. On September 28 , 2009 , following disappointment with the network 's results , MyNetworkTV dropped its status as a television network and transitioned into a programming service , similar to Ion Television , relying mainly on repeats of recent broadcast and cable series . Fox Corporation retained MyNetworkTV after the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company was completed on March 20 , 2019 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/This_TV", "summary": "This TV ( also known as This TV Network and alternately stylized as thisTV ) is an American free-to-air television network that is owned by ThisTV , LLC , a division of the MGM Domestic Television Distribution subsidiary of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The network maintains a large programming emphasis on films ( those primarily sourced from the library of partial owner Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ) , but also airs other limited general entertainment content in the form of classic television series and children 's programming . The network - which broadcasts 24 hours a day in 480i standard definition - is available in many media markets via broadcast television stations , primarily on their digital subchannels , and on select cable providers through carriage of a local affiliate ( primarily on digital tiers ) . This TV 's programming and business operations are headquartered at 303 East Wacker Drive in Chicago ; MGM handles advertising sales for the network through its offices in New York City ." } ] }, { "value": "Stockton , California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockton,_California", "summary": "Stockton is the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California . Stockton was founded by Captain Charles Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses . The city is named after Robert F. Stockton , and it was the first community in California to have a name not of Spanish or Native American origin . The city is located on the San Joaquin River in the northern San Joaquin Valley and had an estimated population of 311,178 by the California Department of Finance for 2018 . Stockton is the 13th largest city in California and the 63rd largest city in the United States . It was named an All-America City in 1999 , 2004 , 2015 and again in 2017 . Built during the California Gold Rush , Stockton 's seaport serves as a gateway to the Central Valley and beyond . It provided easy access for trade and transportation to the southern gold mines . The University of the Pacific ( UOP ) , chartered in 1851 , is the oldest university in California , and has been located in Stockton since 1923 . In 2012 Stockton filed for what was then the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history , which had multiple causes including financial mismanagement in the 1990s , generous fringe benefits to unionized city employees , and the 2008 financial crisis . Stockton successfully exited bankruptcy in February 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "KQCD-TV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQCD-TV", "summary": "KQCD-TV , virtual and VHF digital channel 7 , is a dual NBC/Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Dickinson , North Dakota , United States . The station is owned by Gray Television . KQCD-TV 's news bureau and advertising sales office are located on 21st Street East in Dickinson , and its transmitter is located near South Heart , North Dakota . On cable , the station is available on Midcontinent Communications channel 7 and Consolidated Telcom channel 5 in Dickinson , and channel 7 in most other areas . There is a high definition feed provided on Midco digital channel 607 and Consolidated Telcom digital channel 305 . KQCD-TV is part of the four-station NBC North Dakota regional network of NBC affiliates in central and western North Dakota , originating from flagship station KFYR-TV ( channel 5 ) in Bismarck . The NBC North Dakota network relays NBC network and other programming from KFYR-TV across central and western North Dakota , as well as bordering counties in Montana and South Dakota . The four stations along with fellow NBC affiliate KVLY-TV in Fargo often share news stories . Master control and some internal operations of KQCD are based at KFYR-TV 's facilities on North 4th Street and East Broadway Avenue in downtown Bismarck . The four stations are counted as a single unit for ratings purposes . Though identifying as a station in its own right , KQCD-TV is a semi-satellite of KFYR-TV in Bismarck . While it airs separate commercials and legal identifications , for most of the day it airs a time-shifted feed of KFYR-TV in Mountain Time ." } ] }, { "value": "7 PSIP 7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7.1 NBC 7.2 Fox 7.3 MeTV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NBC", "summary": "The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at 10 Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and Philadelphia ( at the Comcast Technology Center ) . The network is one of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , introduced in 1956 to promote the company 's innovations in early color broadcasting . It became the network 's official emblem in 1979 . Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric ( GE ) . In 1932 , GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges . In 1986 , control of NBC passed back to General Electric ( GE ) through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . GE immediately began to liquidate RCA 's various divisions , but retained NBC . Following the acquisition by GE , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company", "summary": "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ." }, { "url": "/wiki/MeTV", "summary": "MeTV ( an acronym for Memorable Entertainment Television ) is an American broadcast television network that is owned by Weigel Broadcasting . Marketed as The Definitive Destination for Classic TV , the network airs a variety of classic television programs from the 1950s through the early 1990s , which are obtained primarily from the libraries of CBS Television Distribution and 20th Television . Through its ownership by Weigel , MeTV is sister to four other networks that source their programming content from the network 's distributors : rerun-focused networks Heroes & Icons and Decades ( the latter operated as a joint venture with CBS Television Stations ) , the film-focused Movies ! ( a joint venture with Fox Television Stations ) and the drama-focused Start TV . MeTV is carried on digital subchannels of affiliated television stations in most markets ; however , some MeTV-affiliated stations carry the network as a primary affiliation on their main channel , and a small number of stations air select programs from the network alongside their regular general entertainment schedules , with a few carrying the network in high definition . The network is also available nationwide on free-to- air C band satellite via SES-1 in the DVB-S format , and in some markets on AT & T U-verse channels 136 ( in standard definition ) and 1136 ( in high definition ) , and cable television through cable TV providers . MeTV 's operations are located in Weigel Broadcasting 's corporate headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago , Illinois . Shows currently broadcast on this channel include M*A*S*H , The Andy Griffith Show , Perry Mason , Gunsmoke , Hogan 's Heroes , The Flintstones , and others ." } ] }, { "value": "Dickinson , North Dakota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dickinson,_North_Dakota", "summary": "Dickinson is a city in Stark County , North Dakota , United States . It is the county seat of Stark County . The population was 17,787 at the 2010 census . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the 2018 population is 22,739 . Since the North Dakota oil boom the city has become one of the fastest growing cities in the United States . According to the 2015 census , the city is estimated to have a population of 23,765 , however , other sources have estimates of the population at 30,372 or possibly exceeding 35,000 . The rapid growth of the city led to an increase in crime and homelessness within the city limits . Also , the city has seen an increase in diversity , with increases in the Latino , Asian and African American populations . Dickinson is the principal city of the Dickinson Micropolitan Statistical Area , a micropolitan area that covers Billings and Stark counties and had a combined population of 24,982 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "KQCK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQCK", "summary": "KQCK , virtual channel 39 ( VHF digital channel 11 ) , is a CTN owned-and-operated television station licensed to Cheyenne , Wyoming , United States and also serving Denver , Colorado . The station is owned by the Christian Television Network . KQCK 's studios are located on East Lincoln Way ( near US 30 ) in Cheyenne , and its transmitter is located on Horsetooth Mountain , just outside Fort Collins , Colorado . KQDK-CD ( channel 39 ) in Denver operates as a low-powered , Class A digital translator of KQCK ." } ] }, { "value": "11 PSIP 33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MundoFox", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MundoFox", "summary": "MundoMax ( Spanish pronunciation : [ munˈdomaks ] ; originally known as MundoFox from August 13 , 2012 to July 28 , 2015 ) was an American Spanish-language terrestrial television network that was owned by RCN Televisión . The network broadcast programs aimed at Hispanic and Latino American audiences throughout the United States - featuring a mix of telenovelas and other serialized dramas , reality television series , game shows , and feature films ( both Spanish-dubbed versions of American films and imported films produced in Spanish-speaking countries ) . Headquartered in Los Angeles , MundoMax had been headed since its inception in its pre-July 2015 existence as a joint venture between RCN and U.S.-based Fox Entertainment Group ( which originally operated the network through its Fox International Channels division ) by network president Jose Molina ." } ] }, { "value": "Cheyenne , Wyoming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming", "summary": "Cheyenne ( /ʃaɪˈæn/ shy-AN or /ʃaɪˈɛn/ ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Wyoming and the county seat of Laramie County . It is the principal city of the Cheyenne , Wyoming , Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Laramie County . The population was 59,466 at the 2010 census . Cheyenne is the northern terminus of the extensive Southern Rocky Mountain Front , which extends southward to Albuquerque , New Mexico and includes the fast-growing Front Range Urban Corridor . Cheyenne is situated on Crow Creek and Dry Creek . The Cheyenne metropolitan area had a 2010 population of 91,738 , making it the 354th-most populous metropolitan area in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "KQCW-DT", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQCW-DT", "summary": "KQCW-DT , virtual channel 19 ( UHF digital channel 20 ) , is a CW-affiliated television station serving Tulsa , Oklahoma , United States that is licensed to Muskogee . The station is owned by Griffin Communications , as part of a duopoly with Tulsa-licensed CBS affiliate KOTV-DT ( channel 6 ) ; it is also sister to radio stations KFAQ ( 1170 AM ) , KBEZ ( 92.9 FM ) , KVOO-FM ( 98.5 ) , KXBL ( 99.5 FM ) and KHTT ( 106.9 FM ) . The outlets share studios at the Griffin Communications Media Center on North Boston Avenue and East Cameron Street in the downtown neighborhood 's Tulsa Arts District ; KQCW 's transmitter is located near Harreld Road and North 320 Road ( near State Highway 16 ) in rural northeastern Okmulgee County . Even though KQCW transmits a digital signal of its own , the broadcasting radius of the station 's full-power signal does not reach areas of northeastern Oklahoma north of Tulsa proper , as its transmitter is located 30 miles ( 48 km ) south-southeast of the city . Therefore , the station can also be seen through a 16:9 widescreen standard definition simulcast on KOTV 's second digital subchannel in order to reach the entire market . This signal can be seen on UHF channel 45.2 ( or virtual channel 6.2 via PSIP ) from its transmitter on South 273rd East Avenue ( just north of the Muskogee Turnpike ) in Broken Arrow , Oklahoma . On cable , KQCW is available on Cox Communications channel 7 in both standard and high definition ." } ] }, { "value": "20 PSIP 19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The CW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_CW", "summary": "The CW Television Network ( commonly referred to as just The CW ) is an American English-language free-to-air television network that is operated by The CW Network , LLC , a limited liability joint venture between the CBS Entertainment Group unit of ViacomCBS ; and AT & T , whose WarnerMedia subsidiary is the parent company of Warner Bros. , former majority owner of The WB . The network 's name is an abbreviation derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations ( CBS and Warner Bros. ) . The CW Television Network made its debut on September 18 , 2006 , after its two predecessors , UPN and The WB , respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year . The CW 's first two nights of programming - on September 18 and 19 , 2006 - consisted of reruns and launch-related specials . The CW marked its formal launch date on September 20 , 2006 , with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of America 's Next Top Model . Originally , the network 's programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34 , although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeals to men . As of August 2017 , the CW 's audience is 50% male and 50% female . The network currently runs programming seven days a week : airing Mondays through Fridays in the afternoon ( The CW Daytime ) and Sundays through Fridays in prime time , along with a Saturday morning live-action educational programming block produced by Litton Entertainment called One Magnificent Morning , which is the successor to the animation block Vortexx . It is also available in Canada on pay television providers through stations owned-and-operated by ViacomCBS and affiliates that are located within proximity to the Canada-United States border ( whose broadcasts of CW shows are subject to simultaneous substitution laws imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission , if a Canadian network holds the broadcast rights ) ; it is also available through two affiliates that are classified in the United States as superstations - New York City affiliate WPIX and Los Angeles affiliate KTLA . Additionally , The CW is available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico-U.S. border ( such as KFMB-DT2/San Diego-Tijuana , KECY-DT3 in El Centro , California , KVIA-DT2 in El Paso , and KCWT-CD with simulcasters KFXV-LD2 KNVO-DT4 in McAllen-Brownsville , Texas and XHRIO-TV in Matamoros , Tamaulipas ) on pay television providers . In both Canada and Mexico , some CW affiliate signals originating from the U.S. are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the station 's signal coverage ." } ] }, { "value": "Tulsa , Oklahoma", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Tulsa /ˈtʌlsə/ is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 45th-most populous city in the United States . As of July 2018 [ update ] , the population was 403,035 , an increase of 11,129 since the 2010 Census . It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area , a region with 991,005 residents in the MSA and 1,251,172 in the CSA . The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County , the most densely populated county in Oklahoma , with urban development extending into Osage , Rogers , and Wagoner counties . Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe . For most of the 20th century , the city held the nickname Oil Capital of the World and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry . Historically , a robust energy sector fueled Tulsa 's economy ; however , today the city has diversified and leading sectors include finance , aviation , telecommunications and technology . Two institutions of higher education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level , Oral Roberts University and the University of Tulsa . It is situated on the Arkansas River between the Osage Hills and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains in northeast Oklahoma , a region of the state known as Green Country . Considered the cultural and arts center of Oklahoma , Tulsa houses two art museums , full-time professional opera and ballet companies , and one of the nation 's largest concentrations of art deco architecture . The city has been called one of America 's most livable large cities by Partners for Livable Communities , Forbes , and Relocate America . FDi Magazine in 2009 ranked the city no ." } ] }, { "value": "KQDS-TV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQDS-TV", "summary": "KQDS-TV , virtual channel 21 ( UHF digital channel 17 ) , is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Duluth , Minnesota , United States and also serving Superior , Wisconsin . The station is owned by Red River Broadcasting . KQDS-TV 's studios are located on London Road in Duluth ( along I-35 ) , and its transmitter is located west of downtown in Hilltop Park . Master control and some internal operations are based out of the studio facilities of sister station , fellow Fox affiliate and Red River flagship KVRR on South 40th Street and South 9th Avenue in Fargo , North Dakota ." } ] }, { "value": "17 PSIP 21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fox", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company", "summary": "The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized in all caps as FOX ) is an American broadcast television network that is a flagship property of the Fox Corporation . The network is headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City , with additional offices at the Fox Broadcasting Center ( also in New York ) and at the Fox Television Center in Los Angeles . Launched on October 9 , 1986 , as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , CBS and NBC ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated network in the 18-49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007-08 season . Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either free-to-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League broadcasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks . Fox is named after what was once called 20th Century Fox , its original corporate sibling ( and still its major supplier of programming , despite its acquisition by Disney ) and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters ." } ] }, { "value": "Duluth , Minnesota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota", "summary": "Duluth /dəˈluːθ/ ( listen ) is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County . Duluth has a population of 85,884 and is the 4th largest city in Minnesota . It is the 2nd largest city on Lake Superior , after Thunder Bay , Ontario . It has the largest metropolitan area on the lake , with a population of 279,771 in 2010 , the second-largest in the state . Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes , Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles ( 3,700 km ) away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway . Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior , Wisconsin ; together they are called the Twin Ports . The cities share the Duluth-Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes ' largest port , transporting coal , iron ore ( taconite ) , and grain . A tourist destination for the Midwest , Duluth features the United States ' only all-freshwater aquarium , the Great Lakes Aquarium ; the Aerial Lift Bridge , which spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth-Superior Harbor ; and Minnesota Point ( known locally as Park Point ) , the world 's longest freshwater baymouth bar , spanning 6 miles ( 10 km ) . The city is also the starting point for vehicle trips along Minnesota 's North Shore . The city is named for Daniel Greysolon , Sieur du Lhut , the first known European explorer of the area ." } ] }, { "value": "KQED", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQED_(TV)", "summary": "KQED , virtual channel 9 ( UHF digital channel 30 ) , is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) member television station licensed to San Francisco , California , United States and serving the San Francisco Bay Area . The station is owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting , through subsidiary KQED , Inc. , alongside fellow PBS station KQEH ( channel 54 ) and National Public Radio ( NPR ) member KQED-FM ( 88.5 ) . The three stations share studios on Mariposa Street in San Francisco 's Mission District and transmitter facilities atop Sutro Tower . KQET ( virtual and UHF digital channel 25 ) in Watsonville operates as a full-time satellite of KQED , serving the Monterey/Salinas/Santa Cruz market . This station 's transmitter is located at Fremont Peak , near San Juan Bautista ." } ] }, { "value": "30 PSIP 9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PBS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service", "summary": "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ." } ] }, { "value": "San Francisco , California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Francisco", "summary": "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ." } ] }, { "value": "KQEH", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQEH", "summary": "KQEH , virtual channel 54 ( UHF digital channel 30 ) , branded on-air as KQED Plus , is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) member television station licensed to San Jose , California , United States and serving the San Francisco Bay Area . The station is owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting , through subsidiary KQED , Inc. , alongside fellow PBS station KQED ( channel 9 ) in San Francisco , its satellite KQET ( channel 25 ) in Watsonville and National Public Radio ( NPR ) member KQED-FM ( 88.5 ) . The three stations share studios on Mariposa Street in San Francisco 's Mission District and transmitter facilities atop Sutro Tower ; until January 17 , 2018 , KQEH 's transmitter was located atop Monument Peak . On cable , the station is available on channel 10 on most providers in the market ." } ] }, { "value": "50 PSIP 54", "urls": [] }, { "value": "54.1 PBS 54.2 KQED 54.3 KQED Life 54.4 KQED Kids 54.5 V-me", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/PBS", "summary": "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ." }, { "url": "/wiki/KQED_(TV)", "summary": "KQED , virtual channel 9 ( UHF digital channel 30 ) , is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) member television station licensed to San Francisco , California , United States and serving the San Francisco Bay Area . The station is owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting , through subsidiary KQED , Inc. , alongside fellow PBS station KQEH ( channel 54 ) and National Public Radio ( NPR ) member KQED-FM ( 88.5 ) . The three stations share studios on Mariposa Street in San Francisco 's Mission District and transmitter facilities atop Sutro Tower . KQET ( virtual and UHF digital channel 25 ) in Watsonville operates as a full-time satellite of KQED , serving the Monterey/Salinas/Santa Cruz market . This station 's transmitter is located at Fremont Peak , near San Juan Bautista ." } ] }, { "value": "San Jose , California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose,_California", "summary": "San Jose [ A ] ( /ˌsæn hoʊˈzeɪ , -ˈseɪ/ ; Spanish : [ saŋ xoˈse ] ; Spanish for Saint Joseph ) , officially the City of San José , [ B ] is the economic , cultural and political center of Silicon Valley , and the largest city in Northern California ( both by population and area ) . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,030,119 , it is the third-most populous city in California ( after Los Angeles and San Diego ) and the tenth-most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles ( 466.1 km2 ) . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the main component of the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area , with an estimated population of around 2 million residents in 2018 . It is also the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . San Jose is a global city , notable as a center of innovation , for its affluence , Mediterranean climate , and extremely high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname Capital of Silicon Valley . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zürich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Broadcom , Samsung , Acer , Hewlett Packard Enterprise , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley ." } ] }, { "value": "KQET", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQET", "summary": "KQED , virtual channel 9 ( UHF digital channel 30 ) , is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) member television station licensed to San Francisco , California , United States and serving the San Francisco Bay Area . The station is owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting , through subsidiary KQED , Inc. , alongside fellow PBS station KQEH ( channel 54 ) and National Public Radio ( NPR ) member KQED-FM ( 88.5 ) . The three stations share studios on Mariposa Street in San Francisco 's Mission District and transmitter facilities atop Sutro Tower . KQET ( virtual and UHF digital channel 25 ) in Watsonville operates as a full-time satellite of KQED , serving the Monterey/Salinas/Santa Cruz market . This station 's transmitter is located at Fremont Peak , near San Juan Bautista ." } ] }, { "value": "25 PSIP 25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PBS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service", "summary": "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ." } ] }, { "value": "Watsonville , California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Watsonville,_California", "summary": "Watsonville is a city in Santa Cruz County , California , United States . The population was 51,199 according to the 2010 census . Located on the central coast of California , the economy centers predominantly around farming and food processing . It is known for growing strawberries , apples , lettuce and a host of other vegetables . Watsonville is home to people of varied ethnic backgrounds . There is a large Hispanic population , as well as groups of Croatians , Filipinos , Portuguese , Sikhs , and Japanese who live and work in the city . The Pajaro Valley , where Watsonville is located , has a climate that is around 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit throughout much of the year . This climate makes Watsonville an attractive coastal environment for the neighboring inland communities with very hot summers . The Pajaro Valley Unified School District has an attendance of about 18,000 students kindergarten through 12th grades . There are several private religious-based schools in Watsonville such as Notre Dame School , Monte Vista Christian , Salesian Sisters , and St. Francis . There are also several charter schools and the non-religious independent Pre-K through 12th grade Mount Madonna School . These schools provide a wide range of educational options for local families ." } ] }, { "value": "KQIN", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQIN", "summary": "Iowa PBS , formerly Iowa Public Television ( IPTV ) , is a network of Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) member stations in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is owned by the Iowa Public Broadcasting Board , an agency of the state education department which holds the licenses for all the PBS member stations in the state . Iowa PBS ' headquarters are located at 6450 Corporate Drive in Johnston , Iowa , a suburb of Des Moines ." } ] }, { "value": "34 PSIP 36", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PBS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service", "summary": "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ." } ] }, { "value": "Davenport , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa", "summary": "Davenport is the county seat of Scott County in Iowa and is located along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state . It is the largest of the Quad Cities , a metropolitan area with a population estimate of 382,630 and a CSA population of 474,226 ; it is the 90th largest CSA in the nation . Davenport was founded on May 14 , 1836 by Antoine Le Claire and was named for his friend George Davenport , a former English sailor who served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812 , served as a supplier Fort Armstrong , worked as a fur trader with the American Fur Company , and was appointed a quartermaster with the rank of colonel during the Black Hawk War . According to the 2010 census , the city had a population of 99,685 ( making it Iowa 's third-largest city ) . The city appealed this figure , arguing that the Census Bureau missed a section of residents , and that its total population was more than 100,000 . The Census Bureau estimated Davenport 's 2018 population to be 102,085 . Located approximately halfway between Chicago and Des Moines , Davenport is on the border of Iowa across the river from Illinois . The city is prone to frequent flooding due to its location on the Mississippi River . There are two main universities : St. Ambrose University and Palmer College of Chiropractic , where the first chiropractic adjustment took place . Several annual music festivals take place in Davenport , including the Mississippi Valley Blues Festival , the Mississippi Valley Fair , and the Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival . An internationally known 7-mile ( 11 km ) foot race , called the Bix 7 , is run during the festival . The city has a Class A minor-league baseball team , the Quad Cities River Bandits ." } ] }, { "value": "KQME", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQME", "summary": "KHME , virtual channel 23 ( VHF digital channel 2 ) , is a MeTV-affiliated television station licensed to Rapid City , South Dakota , United States . The station is owned by Legacy Broadcasting . KHME 's studios are located on St. Joseph Street in downtown Rapid City , and its transmitter is located on Skyline Drive . KHME also operates a full-power satellite in Lead , South Dakota , KQME ( virtual and VHF digital channel 10 ) , which can also be seen over-the-air in Rapid City . KQME 's transmitter is located atop Terry Peak ." } ] }, { "value": "10 PSIP 11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ABC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company", "summary": "The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered in Burbank , California , on Riverside Drive , directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building . The network 's secondary offices , and headquarters of its news division , is in New York City , at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan . Since 2007 , when ABC Radio ( also known as Cumulus Media Networks ) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks . ABC is nicknamed The Alphabet Network , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order . ABC launched as a radio network on October 12 , 1943 , serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company ." } ] }, { "value": "Lead , South Dakota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lead,_South_Dakota", "summary": "Lead ( /ˈliːd/ LEED ) is a city in Lawrence County , South Dakota , United States . The population was 3,124 at the 2010 census . Lead is located in western South Dakota , in the Black Hills near the Wyoming state line . Lead 's proximity to Deadwood , South Dakota , often leads to the two cities being collectively named Lead-Deadwood . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "KQSD-TV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQSD-TV", "summary": "South Dakota Public Broadcasting ( SDPB ) is a state network of non-commercial educational television and radio stations serving the U.S. state of South Dakota . The stations are operated by the South Dakota Bureau of Information and Telecommunication , an agency of the state government which holds the licenses for all of the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) and National Public Radio ( NPR ) member stations licensed in South Dakota except KRSD in Sioux Falls , which is owned and run by Minnesota Public Radio , and KAUR in Sioux Falls , which is owned by Augustana University and operated by MPR . SDPB 's studios and offices are located in the Al Neuharth Media Center at 500 N. Dakota Avenue on the University of South Dakota campus in Vermillion ." } ] }, { "value": "11 PSIP 11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PBS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service", "summary": "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ." } ] }, { "value": "Lowry , South Dakota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lowry,_South_Dakota", "summary": "Lowry is a town in Walworth County , South Dakota , United States . The population was 6 at the 2010 census . The town is home to Lowry Pilgrim Community Church , Swan Creek Harness Shop , J & C Repair , Karst Service ( closed in August 2015 ) and a fire station . Lowry also has an abandoned school , and a post office , which closed to service in the early 1970s . With the Missouri River and Swan Lake just a few miles away , and prime habitat for all sorts of wild game , Lowry is a destination for many hunters and fishermen year-round . Mule deer , whitetail deer , antelope , pheasants , grouse , ducks , and geese are commonly hunted in the area . Lowry was founded in 1907 as a station stop on a branch line of the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway built that year between Conde and LeBeau , South Dakota . The town was named in honor of a railroad employee . Railway service to Lowry ended in 1940 ." } ] }, { "value": "KQSL", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQSL", "summary": "KQSL , virtual and VHF digital channel 8 , is a Total Living Network broadcast partner television station licensed to Fort Bragg , California , United States . The station is owned by One Ministries , Inc. , a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization based in Santa Rosa , California . KQSL 's transmitter is located west of Laytonville , California ." } ] }, { "value": "8 PSIP 8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Independent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Independent_station", "summary": "Independent station is an independent radio or terrestrial television station which is independent in some way from broadcast networks . The definition of independence varies from country to country , reflecting governmental regulations , market environment and the broadcasting medium 's development history . In the United States and Canada , an independent station is a broadcast station which is not directly affiliated with any large network . In Japan , an independent station is a terrestrial station which is not a member of any networks whose dominant stations are located in Tokyo ; see Japanese Association of Independent Television Stations ( JAITS ) for more details . In addition , although The Open University of Japan is not a member of JAITS , it can also be classified as independent ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort Bragg , California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Bragg,_California", "summary": "Fort Bragg is a coastal city along California 's Shoreline Highway in Mendocino County . It is 24 mi ( 39 km ) west of Willits , at an elevation of 85 feet ( 26 m ) . A California Historical Landmark , the city was founded , prior to the American Civil War , as a military garrison rather than a fortification . Fort Bragg is a tourist destination because of its picturesque views of the Pacific Ocean . Its population was 7,273 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "KQTV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQTV", "summary": "KQTV , virtual channel 2 ( VHF digital channel 7 ) , is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to St. Joseph , Missouri , United States . The station is owned by Heartland Media . KQTV 's studios and transmitter facilities are located on Faraon Street in eastern St. Joseph . On cable , the station is available on Suddenlink Communications channel 10 . Although KQTV serves as the primary ABC affiliate for the St. Joseph market , the network 's Kansas City affiliate KMBC-TV ( channel 9 ) is considered an alternate ABC affiliate for the area as its transmitter provides a city-grade over-the-air signal in St. Joseph proper , and is carried alongside KQTV , by some local cable providers ." } ] }, { "value": "7 PSIP/cable 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ABC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company", "summary": "The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . The network is headquartered in Burbank , California , on Riverside Drive , directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building . The network 's secondary offices , and headquarters of its news division , is in New York City , at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan . Since 2007 , when ABC Radio ( also known as Cumulus Media Networks ) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting , ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television . It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world and the youngest of the Big Three television networks . ABC is nicknamed The Alphabet Network , as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet , in order . ABC launched as a radio network on October 12 , 1943 , serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network , which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble . It extended its operations to television in 1948 , following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC . In the mid-1950s , ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres , a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures . Leonard Goldenson , who had been the head of UPT , made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlight many successful series . In the 1980s , after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN , the network 's corporate parent , American Broadcasting Companies , Inc. , merged with Capital Cities Communications , owner of several print publications , and television and radio stations . In 1996 , most of Capital Cities/ABC 's assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint Joseph , Missouri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Joseph,_Missouri", "summary": "St. Joseph ( informally St. Joe ) is a small city in and the county seat of Buchanan County , Missouri , United States . Small parts of St. Joseph extend into Andrew County , Missouri . Saint Joseph is known for hosting the Kansas City Chiefs Training Camp every year at Missouri Western State University . Saint Joseph is filled with many lush forests and parks as well as its very own go kart track and mini golf course . It is the principal city of the St. Joseph Metropolitan Statistical Area , which includes Buchanan , Andrew , and DeKalb counties in Missouri and Doniphan County , Kansas . As of the 2010 census , St. Joseph had a total population of 76,780 , making it the eighth largest city in the state , and the third largest in Northwest Missouri . St. Joseph is located roughly thirty miles north of the Kansas City , Missouri city limits and approximately 125 miles south of Omaha , Nebraska . The city was named after the town 's founder Joseph Robidoux and the biblical Saint Joseph . the city is located on the Missouri River . It is the birthplace of hip hop star Eminem as well as the death place of Jesse James ; it is also the starting point of the Pony Express . St. Joseph is also home to Missouri Western State University ." } ] }, { "value": "KQUP", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KQUP", "summary": "KQUP is a Daystar affiliate licensed to Pullman , Washington , serving the Spokane , Washington area . KQUP is owned by Daystar . As its full-powered signal does n't reach the Spokane metro , it uses a low-powered satellite , KQUP-LD , licensed to Spokane , to fill in the areas ." } ] }, { "value": "24 PSIP 24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daystar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network", "summary": "Daystar is an American evangelical Christian-based religious television network that is owned by the Word of God Fellowship , founded by Marcus Lamb in 1993 . Daystar is headquartered in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex in Bedford , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Pullman , Washington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pullman,_Washington", "summary": "Pullman ( /ˈpʊlmən/ ) is the largest city in Whitman County , located in southeastern Washington state within the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest . The population was 29,799 at the 2010 census , and estimated to have reached 34,019 in 2018 . Originally incorporated as Three Forks , the city was renamed after industrialist George Pullman . Pullman is noted as a vastly fertile agricultural area known for its many miles of rolling hills and the production of wheat and legumes . It is home to Washington State University , a public research land-grant university , and the international headquarters of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories . Pullman is eight miles ( 13 km ) from Moscow , Idaho , home to the University of Idaho , and is served by the Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport . In 2011 , Bloomberg Businessweek selected Pullman as the Best Place to Raise Kids in Washington . Factors included affordability , safety , a family-friendly lifestyle , the quality of Pullman High School , the presence of Washington State University , and the natural environment of the area ." } ] } ], "section_title": "KQ", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)_16", "intro": "This is a list of full-power television stations in the United States having call signs beginning with the letter K. Low-power TV stations, those with designations such as KAGN-LP or K11XQ, have not been included in this list. See also the list of TV stations beginning with W and the list of TV stations beginning with X." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Methodist_churches_in_the_United_States", "title": "List of Methodist churches in the United States", "header": [ "Church", "Dates", "Location", "City , State" ], "data": [ { "value": "German Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/German_Methodist_Episcopal_Church", "summary": "The German Methodist Episcopal Church , also known as St. Paul 's German Methodist Episcopal Church , is a historic church building in Burlington , Iowa , United States . The German Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in Burlington in 1845 . It was the second of eight German congregations established in the city of various denominations . The Reverend Sebastian Barth , the first pastor , initially held services in a small frame house , and then in the basement of another church . The first permanent home for the congregation was a small brick church that was built in 1848 . This structure was built from 1868 to 1869 . It is a Victorian Gothic structure with Romanesque elements . The stone for the exterior was quarried from the site where the church was built . Services in English were added in 1905 and all the services were in English by 1916 . When the German and American branches of the Methodist church were merged in 1925 , St. Paul 's congregation was disbanded , and its members were absorbed by other congregations in Burlington . There was a small group that reorganized the German Methodist Episcopal Church at St. Paul 's in 1930 , but by 1938 the building was sold to the Church of the Nazarene . They occupied it until 1968 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1868 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7th and Washington Sts . 40°48′42″N 91°6′24″W / 40.81167°N 91.10667°W / 40.81167 ; -91.10667 ( German Methodist Episcopal Church ( Burlington Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Burlington , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Burlington,_Iowa", "summary": "Burlington is a city and the county seat of Des Moines County , Iowa , United States . The population was 25,663 in the 2010 census , a decline from the 26,839 population in the 2000 census . Burlington is the center of a micropolitan area including West Burlington , Iowa , and Middletown , Iowa , and Gulfport , Illinois . Burlington is the home of Snake Alley , once labelled the crookedest alley in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Paul United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Paul_United_Methodist_Church_(Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa)", "summary": "St. Paul 's United Methodist Church is located in downtown Cedar Rapids , Iowa , United States . The Louis Sullivan-designed building has been individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1985 . In 2000 it was included as a contributing property in the Second and Third Avenue Historic District ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1914 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1340 3rd Ave . SE 41°59′8″N 91°39′10″W / 41.98556°N 91.65278°W / 41.98556 ; -91.65278 ( St. Paul United Methodist Church ( Cedar Rapids , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cedar Rapids , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa", "summary": "Cedar Rapids ( /ˈsiːdər ˈræpɪdz/ ) is the second-largest city in Iowa and is the county seat of Linn County . The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River , 20 miles ( 32 km ) north of Iowa City and 100 miles ( 160 km ) northeast of Des Moines , the state 's capital and largest city . It is a part of the Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Corridor of Linn , Benton , Cedar , Jones , Johnson , and Washington counties . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city population was 126,326 . The estimated population of the three-county Metropolitan Statistical Area , which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha , was 255,452 in 2008 . Cedar Rapids is an economic hub of the state , located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor . The Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) is also a part of a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) with the Iowa City MSA . This CSA plus two additional counties are known as the Iowa City-Cedar Rapids ( ICR ) Corridor and collectively have a population of over 450,000 . A flourishing center for arts and culture in Eastern Iowa , the city is home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art , the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library , the Paramount Theatre , Orchestra Iowa , Theatre Cedar Rapids , the African American Museum of Iowa , and the Iowa Cultural Corridor Alliance . In the 1990s and 2000s , several Cedar Rapidians became well-known actors , including Bobby Driscoll , Ashton Kutcher , Elijah Wood , and Ron Livingston . The city is the setting for the musical The Pajama Game and the comedy film Cedar Rapids . Cedar Rapids is nicknamed the City of Five Seasons , for the so-called fifth season , which is time to enjoy the other four ." } ] }, { "value": "First United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_United_Methodist_Church_(Chariton,_Iowa)", "summary": "First United Methodist Church is a historic church at 923 Roland in Chariton , Iowa . It was built during 1899-1900 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 . It replaced an earlier Methodist church on the site , a brick Greek Revival-style church that was built in 1864 . It was deemed significant as a fine , unaltered example of turn of the century Gothic Revival design by well known Illinois architect , Samuel A. Bullard . :11" } ] }, { "value": "built 1899 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "923 Roland 41°1′1″N 93°18′28″W / 41.01694°N 93.30778°W / 41.01694 ; -93.30778 ( First United Methodist Church ( Chariton , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chariton , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chariton,_Iowa", "summary": "Chariton is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County , Iowa , United States . The population was 4,321 at the 2010 census . It is the primary distribution center for and the former corporate headquarters of the Hy-Vee supermarket chain ." } ] }, { "value": "St. John 's United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._John's_United_Methodist_Church_(Davenport,_Iowa)", "summary": "St. John 's United Methodist Church is located in central Davenport , Iowa , United States . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1903 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1325-1329 Brady St. 41°32′01″N 90°34′25″W / 41.53361°N 90.57361°W / 41.53361 ; -90.57361 ( St. John 's United Methodist Church ( Davenport , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Davenport , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa", "summary": "Davenport is the county seat of Scott County in Iowa and is located along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state . It is the largest of the Quad Cities , a metropolitan area with a population estimate of 382,630 and a CSA population of 474,226 ; it is the 90th largest CSA in the nation . Davenport was founded on May 14 , 1836 by Antoine Le Claire and was named for his friend George Davenport , a former English sailor who served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812 , served as a supplier Fort Armstrong , worked as a fur trader with the American Fur Company , and was appointed a quartermaster with the rank of colonel during the Black Hawk War . According to the 2010 census , the city had a population of 99,685 ( making it Iowa 's third-largest city ) . The city appealed this figure , arguing that the Census Bureau missed a section of residents , and that its total population was more than 100,000 . The Census Bureau estimated Davenport 's 2018 population to be 102,085 . Located approximately halfway between Chicago and Des Moines , Davenport is on the border of Iowa across the river from Illinois . The city is prone to frequent flooding due to its location on the Mississippi River . There are two main universities : St. Ambrose University and Palmer College of Chiropractic , where the first chiropractic adjustment took place . Several annual music festivals take place in Davenport , including the Mississippi Valley Blues Festival , the Mississippi Valley Fair , and the Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival . An internationally known 7-mile ( 11 km ) foot race , called the Bix 7 , is run during the festival . The city has a Class A minor-league baseball team , the Quad Cities River Bandits ." } ] }, { "value": "Bethel AME Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bethel_AME_Church_(Davenport,_Iowa)", "summary": "Bethel A.M.E. Church is located in Davenport , Iowa , United States . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1909 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "323 W. 11th St. 41°31′51″N 90°34′41″W / 41.53083°N 90.57806°W / 41.53083 ; -90.57806 ( Bethel AME Church ( Davenport , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Davenport , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa", "summary": "Davenport is the county seat of Scott County in Iowa and is located along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state . It is the largest of the Quad Cities , a metropolitan area with a population estimate of 382,630 and a CSA population of 474,226 ; it is the 90th largest CSA in the nation . Davenport was founded on May 14 , 1836 by Antoine Le Claire and was named for his friend George Davenport , a former English sailor who served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812 , served as a supplier Fort Armstrong , worked as a fur trader with the American Fur Company , and was appointed a quartermaster with the rank of colonel during the Black Hawk War . According to the 2010 census , the city had a population of 99,685 ( making it Iowa 's third-largest city ) . The city appealed this figure , arguing that the Census Bureau missed a section of residents , and that its total population was more than 100,000 . The Census Bureau estimated Davenport 's 2018 population to be 102,085 . Located approximately halfway between Chicago and Des Moines , Davenport is on the border of Iowa across the river from Illinois . The city is prone to frequent flooding due to its location on the Mississippi River . There are two main universities : St. Ambrose University and Palmer College of Chiropractic , where the first chiropractic adjustment took place . Several annual music festivals take place in Davenport , including the Mississippi Valley Blues Festival , the Mississippi Valley Fair , and the Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival . An internationally known 7-mile ( 11 km ) foot race , called the Bix 7 , is run during the festival . The city has a Class A minor-league baseball team , the Quad Cities River Bandits ." } ] }, { "value": "Washington Prairie Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington_Prairie_Methodist_Church", "summary": "Washington Prairie Methodist Church is a historic church building located southeast of Decorah , Iowa , United States . The congregation was established by Ole Peter Petersen . He returned to his native Norway in 1853 and founded the first Methodist congregation there . Washington Prairie Methodist is considered the mother church of Methodism in Norway . In the early years the congregation met in private houses . They built this church building themselves from 1863 to 1868 . With its pediments and entablature/cornice it is Greek Revival in style . However , the windows on the side elevations are Gothic . It also features a round-arch entry on its gabled end . By 1888 services were only held here quarterly , and continued until about 1920 , when the church was officially closed . Over the years some vandalism and settling of the structure occurred . The Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum in Decorah restored the church and adjacent cemetery in 1972 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1863 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "43°14′17″N 91°44′38″W / 43.23806°N 91.74389°W / 43.23806 ; -91.74389 ( Washington Prairie Methodist Church ( Decorah , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Decorah , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Decorah,_Iowa", "summary": "Decorah is a city in and the county seat of Winneshiek County , Iowa , United States . The population was 8,127 at the 2010 census . Decorah is located at the intersection of State Highway 9 and U.S. Route 52 , and is the largest community in Winneshiek County ." } ] }, { "value": "Burns United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Burns_United_Methodist_Church", "summary": "Burns United Methodist Church is located in Des Moines , Iowa , United States . Its previous building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1912 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "811 Crocker St. 41°35′37″N 93°37′41″W / 41.59361°N 93.62806°W / 41.59361 ; -93.62806 ( Burns United Methodist Church , Des Moines )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Des Moines , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa", "summary": "Des Moines ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is also the county seat of Polk County . A small part of the city extends into Warren County . It was incorporated on September 22 , 1851 , as Fort Des Moines , which was shortened to Des Moines in 1857 . It is on and named after the Des Moines River , which likely was adapted from the early French name , Rivière des Moines , meaning River of the Monks . The city 's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate . The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau , and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base . The city was credited as the number one spot for U.S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest insurance capital of the world . The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group , the Meredith Corporation , Ruan Transportation , TMC Transportation , EMC Insurance Companies , and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield . Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo , Voya Financial , Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company , ACE Limited , Marsh , Monsanto , and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area ." } ] }, { "value": "First United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_United_Methodist_Church_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)", "summary": "First United Methodist Church is located in downtown Des Moines , Iowa , United States . It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984 as First Methodist Episcopal Church , which is its original name ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1908 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10th and Pleasant Streets 41°35′21″N 93°37′51″W / 41.58917°N 93.63083°W / 41.58917 ; -93.63083 ( First United Methodist Church ( Des Moines , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Des Moines , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa", "summary": "Des Moines ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is also the county seat of Polk County . A small part of the city extends into Warren County . It was incorporated on September 22 , 1851 , as Fort Des Moines , which was shortened to Des Moines in 1857 . It is on and named after the Des Moines River , which likely was adapted from the early French name , Rivière des Moines , meaning River of the Monks . The city 's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate . The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau , and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base . The city was credited as the number one spot for U.S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest insurance capital of the world . The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group , the Meredith Corporation , Ruan Transportation , TMC Transportation , EMC Insurance Companies , and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield . Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo , Voya Financial , Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company , ACE Limited , Marsh , Monsanto , and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area ." } ] }, { "value": "Trinity United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trinity_United_Methodist_Church_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)", "summary": "Trinity United Methodist Church is located in Des Moines , Iowa , United States . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 as Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church , which was its previous name ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1911 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1548 8th St. 41°36′17″N 93°37′10.13″W / 41.60472°N 93.6194806°W / 41.60472 ; -93.6194806 ( Trinity United Methodist Church ( Des Moines , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Des Moines , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa", "summary": "Des Moines ( /dɪˈmɔɪn/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa . It is also the county seat of Polk County . A small part of the city extends into Warren County . It was incorporated on September 22 , 1851 , as Fort Des Moines , which was shortened to Des Moines in 1857 . It is on and named after the Des Moines River , which likely was adapted from the early French name , Rivière des Moines , meaning River of the Monks . The city 's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate . The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau , and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base . The city was credited as the number one spot for U.S. insurance companies in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest insurance capital of the world . The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group , the Meredith Corporation , Ruan Transportation , TMC Transportation , EMC Insurance Companies , and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield . Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo , Voya Financial , Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company , ACE Limited , Marsh , Monsanto , and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Luke 's United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Luke's_United_Methodist_Church_(Dubuque,_Iowa)", "summary": "St. Luke 's United Methodist Church , also known as St. Luke 's Methodist and as St. Luke 's United Methodist , is an historic Richardsonian Romanesque-style church located at 1199 Main Street in Dubuque , Iowa . It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 , and as a contributing property in the Upper Main Street Historic District in 2005 . It is part of the Iowa Conference of the United Methodist Church . The church has more Tiffany windows than any other church in the state . According to its NRHP nomination , the building is significant for its history in religion in Dubuque , for its Richardsonian Romanesque ( unique in Dubuque ) , and for its Tiffany glass . :15" } ] }, { "value": "built NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1199 Main St. 42°30′13″N 90°40′9″W / 42.50361°N 90.66917°W / 42.50361 ; -90.66917 ( St. Luke 's United Methodist Church ( Dubuque , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dubuque , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa", "summary": "Dubuque /dəˈbjuːk/ ( listen ) is the county seat of Dubuque County , Iowa , United States , located along the Mississippi River . In 2017 , the population of Dubuque was 57,637 . The city lies at the junction of Iowa , Illinois , and Wisconsin , a region locally known as the Tri-State Area . It serves as the main commercial , industrial , educational , and cultural center for the area . Geographically , it is part of the Driftless Area , a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation . It is one of the few cities in Iowa with bluffs , [ citation needed ] and a tourist destination featuring the city 's unique architecture and river location . It is home to five institutions of higher education , making it a center for culture and learning . Dubuque has long been a center of manufacturing , but the economy grew rapidly and diversified to other areas in the first years of the 21st century . By 2005 , the city led the state and the Midwest in job growth , ranking as the 22nd-fastest growing economy in the US . Alongside industry , the city has large health care , education , tourism , publishing , and financial service sectors ." } ] }, { "value": "Bethel AME Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bethel_AME_Church_(Iowa_City,_Iowa)", "summary": "Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic African American congregation and building in Iowa City , Iowa , United States . The congregation was established in 1868 mostly by free people of color from the south and the rest from the north . James W. Howard , a member of the congregation , bought property in a recent addition to the city and sold the southern half to the church for $ 50 . This white frame church was built on the property the same year . Iowa City has always had a small African American community and over the years the congregation grew and declined in numbers and in finances . The original church , which is 600 square feet ( 56 m2 ) and has room for 50 people , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 . The congregation outgrew the small church and a new 4,000-square-foot ( 370 m2 ) sanctuary was built in 2010 that holds three times the current congregation 's size ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1868 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "411 S. Governor St. 41°39′22″N 91°31′23″W / 41.65611°N 91.52306°W / 41.65611 ; -91.52306 ( Bethel AME Church ( Iowa City , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iowa City , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iowa_City,_Iowa", "summary": "Iowa City is a city in Johnson County , Iowa , United States . It is the home of the University of Iowa and county seat of Johnson County , at the center of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population at 76,290 in 2018 , making it the state 's fifth-largest city . The metropolitan area , which encompasses Johnson and Washington counties , has a population of over 171,000 . Iowa City was the second capital of the Iowa Territory and the first capital city of the State of Iowa . The Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark in the center of the University of Iowa campus . The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove , the home of the first Governor of Iowa , are also tourist attractions . In 2008 , Forbes magazine named Iowa City the second-best small metropolitan area for doing business in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "First Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Methodist_Episcopal_Church_(Kensett,_Iowa)", "summary": "First Methodist Episcopal Church , also known as Kensett United Methodist Church , is a historic church building located in Kensett , Iowa , United States . The church was designed by local architect F.W . Kinney and built by local builders . The frame structure was completed in 1899 in the Gothic Revival style . The interior walls and ceiling are covered with a pressed decorative metal . On top of the gable roof above the main facade is a small belfry . Circular windows are located on both ends of the church . A small polygonal apse is located on the far end , and wings are located on both sides of the structure . It was founded by an English speaking congregation as opposed to the many Norwegian Protestant congregations in and around Kensett . The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1899 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "401 2nd . St. 43°21′7″N 93°12′40″W / 43.35194°N 93.21111°W / 43.35194 ; -93.21111 ( First Methodist Episcopal Church ( Kensett , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kensett , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kensett,_Iowa", "summary": "Kensett is a city in Worth County , Iowa , United States . The population was 266 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Mason City Micropolitan Statistical Area ." } ] }, { "value": "Sharon Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sharon_Methodist_Episcopal_Church", "summary": "Sharon Methodist Episcopal Church is located in Sharon Township , a rural area of northwest Clinton County , Iowa , United States . The building is the only remaining structure that remains of a community by the name of Burgess , which was nicknamed Smithtown . The building is commonly referred to as the Smithtown Church . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1874 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1223 125th St. 41°59′43″N 90°51′18″W / 41.99528°N 90.85500°W / 41.99528 ; -90.85500 ( Sharon Methodist Episcopal Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Nation , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lost_Nation,_Iowa", "summary": "Lost Nation is a city in Clinton County , Iowa , United States . The population was 446 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Luke 's Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Luke's_Methodist_Church_(Monticello,_Iowa)", "summary": "St. Luke 's Methodist Church is a Late Gothic Revival church in Monticello , Iowa whose church building was completed in 1950 . It is now the Monticello Heritage and Cultural Center . It is the only church in Iowa designed by nationally prominent architects Cram & Ferguson , who specialized in ecclesiastical architecture . The church congregation sought high design quality and , as recorded in the NRHP nomination for the church , the local newspaper reported in 1949 that" } ] }, { "value": "built 1950 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "211 N. Sycamore St. 42°14′22.4304″N 91°11′19.5246″W / 42.239564000°N 91.188756833°W / 42.239564000 ; -91.188756833 ( St. Luke 's Methodist Church ( Monticello , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Monticello , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Monticello,_Iowa", "summary": "Monticello is a city in Jones County , Iowa , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 3,796 ." } ] }, { "value": "Pine Mills German Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pine_Mills_German_Methodist_Episcopal_Church", "summary": "Pine Mills German Methodist Episcopal Church is an historic building located in Muscatine County , Iowa , United States . The building was built by volunteers in 1867 . The congregation was made up of German immigrants who desired to maintain their own language and culture in their religious practices . The last service was held in the church on Christmas Eve 1910 . The building passed to private ownership and was used as a farm building and workshop . Over the years the building deteriorated because of disuse . It was donated by Paul Kemper , who owned it , to the Muscatine Area Heritage Association . Renovation of the former church was spearheaded by the American Schleswig Holstein Heritage Society and the Muscatine Community Foundation . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1867 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "180th St. and Verde Ave. 41°28′50″N 90°52′51″W / 41.48056°N 90.88083°W / 41.48056 ; -90.88083 ( Pine Mills German Methodist Episcopal Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Muscatine , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muscatine,_Iowa", "summary": "Muscatine /ˌmʌskəˈtin/ is a city in Muscatine County , Iowa , United States . The population was 22,886 at the 2010 census , an increase from 22,697 in the 2000 census . The county seat of Muscatine County , it is located along the Mississippi River . The local business association says that the name Muscatine is not used by any other community . Muscatine is the principal city of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area ( 2010 census population 54,132 ) as of 2011 [ update ] the estimate was 54,184 , which includes all of Muscatine and Louisa counties , making it the 208th-largest Micropolitan Statistical Area ." } ] }, { "value": "Palmyra Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Palmyra_Methodist_Episcopal_Church", "summary": "Palmyra Methodist Episcopal Church is an historic structure located in rural Warren County , Iowa , United States . It was built in 1868 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . The frame church building was built by William Wilson Myrick and Eli Myrick . The church hosted Chatauqua revivals through the early 1940s as well as traveling evangelists who would come to the area by train . After it lost its congregation the church sat empty and was nearly torn down in 1978 when Friends of Palmyra Church was formed to save the building . Its contents were sold in 1979 . The building was renovated in 1984 and period light fixtures , a pot-bellied stove , leaded windows and pews were installed in the building . Artist P. Buckley Moss has used the church in some of her paintings ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1868 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Southwest of Hartford , Iowa 41°26′4″N 93°26′5″W / 41.43444°N 93.43472°W / 41.43444 ; -93.43472 ( Palmyra Methodist Episcopal Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Palmyra , Iowa", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Middlefork Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Middlefork_Methodist_Episcopal_Church", "summary": "Middlefork Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church on the South of US 169 on the east side of Middle Fork , Grand Road in Redding , Iowa , United States . It is now known as Middlefork United Methodist Church ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1886 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "S of US 169 on E side of Middle Fork , Grand R. 40°35′47″N 94°19′3″W / 40.59639°N 94.31750°W / 40.59639 ; -94.31750 ( Middlefork Methodist Episcopal Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Redding , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Redding,_Iowa", "summary": "Redding is a city in Ringgold County , Iowa , United States . The population was 82 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "Rose Hill Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rose_Hill_Methodist_Episcopal_Church", "summary": "The Rose Hill Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic building located in Rose Hill , Iowa , United States . The frame building was built in 1879 in the Gothic Revival style . It is the only 19th-century church building that remains in its original location in town . The pointed arch windows are all at 45 degree angels , which shows the limited carpentry experience of the church members who built the structure . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1897 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "304 Main St. 41°19′14″N 92°27′55″W / 41.32056°N 92.46528°W / 41.32056 ; -92.46528 ( Rose Hill Methodist Episcopal Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rose Hill , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rose_Hill,_Iowa", "summary": "Rose Hill is a city in Mahaska County , Iowa , United States . The population was 168 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "First Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Methodist_Church_(Rock_Rapids,_Iowa)", "summary": "Rock Rapids United Methodist Church , formerly known as First Methodist Church , is located in Rock Rapids , Iowa , United States . The church building is significant for the use of blue-gray and red granite used in its construction . It was designed by Sioux Falls , South Dakota architect Joseph Schwartz utilizing the Richardsonian Romanesque style . Completed in 1896 , it is the second church building for a congregation founded in the 1870s . The blue-gray granite quarried near Sioux Falls is the main building material , and it is laid in a random ashlar pattern . The red granite was acquired from the receiver of a bankrupt packing plant which had begun , but did not complete , a new stone building . It is used for the trim , especially in the voussoirs of alternating colors . The building also features a tall corner bell tower . The pipe organ was ordered from the Hinners Organ Company of Pekin , Illinois in January 1905 at a cost of $ 1,960 ( equivalent to $ 56,000 in 2019 ) . An addition was added to the south side of the church in 1966 . The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1895 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "302 S. Carroll St. 43°25′45″N 96°10′19″W / 43.42917°N 96.17194°W / 43.42917 ; -96.17194 ( First Methodist Church ( Rock Rapids , Iowa ) )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rock Rapids , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rock_Rapids,_Iowa", "summary": "Rock Rapids is a city in Lyon County , Iowa , United States . It is the county seat of Lyon County . The population was 2,549 in the 2010 census , a decline from 2,573 in the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "West Grove United Methodist Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Grove_United_Methodist_Church", "summary": "West Grove United Methodist Church is located in the Unincorporated community of West Grove , Iowa , United States . West Grove has always been a Crossroads village , serving the surrounding rural area . At one time it had five churches , and now it has been reduced to this one . The site was originally that of Cumberland Presbyterian Church , which had been organized in 1854 and built in 1881 . It eventually became a Lyceum Hall , a school , and then left unoccupied until it was torn down in 1902 . The Methodist Episcopal Church had been formally organized in West Grove in 1899 , although it had been active in town since 1871 . The men of the church and friends of the church built the current frame Gothic Revival sanctuary . They followed building plans provided by the Methodist Board of Church Extension . It was completed in 1904 for $ 2,000 . The congregation almost disbanded and lost its church in the 1920s through the abandonment of services . It was affiliated with the Methodist Church after the Methodist Episcopal , Methodist Episcopal Church , South , and the Methodist Protestant Church united in 1939 . Its affiliation changed to the United Methodist Church after the Methodist Church united with the Evangelical United Brethren Church in 1968 ." } ] }, { "value": "built 1904 NRHP-listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "40°43′32″N 92°33′23″W / 40.72556°N 92.55639°W / 40.72556 ; -92.55639 ( West Grove United Methodist Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "West Grove , Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Grove,_Iowa", "summary": "West Grove is an unincorporated community in western Davis County , Iowa , United States . It lies along Iowa Highway 2 west of the city of Bloomfield , the county seat of Davis County . Its elevation is 942 feet ( 287 m ) . West Grove 's post office was established as the Weeping Willow post office on 21 June 1852 before being changed to West Grove on 19 February 1856 . It was discontinued on 31 August 1959 and attached to the Bloomfield post office . Although its post office is gone , West Grove has its own ZIP Code , 52537 , even though the ZIP Code system was not implemented until several years after West Grove 's post office was attached to Bloomfield 's . West Grove was laid out as a town in 1853 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Selected salient ones -- Iowa", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Methodist_churches_in_the_United_States_14", "intro": "This is a list of Methodist churches in the United States. It includes notable churches either where a church means a congregation (in the New Testament definition) or where a church means a building (in the colloquial sense). It also includes campgrounds and conference centers and retreats that are significant Methodist gathering places, including a number of historic sites of camp meetings. This very limited list includes only historically or architecturally significant buildings, and omits many of the currently very largest and influential congregations which do not meet that standard. Methodism was founded with a large component being a rejection of past churches and was developed by John Wesley and others in large open-air gatherings in Great Britain. In the United States, Methodists (along with Baptists and other Protestants) were major participants in the Second Great Awakening wherein people would travel from a large area to a particular site to camp out, listen to itinerant preachers, and pray. The list also includes selected notable Methodist theological buildings. In the United States, numerous Methodist churches are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and on state and local historic registers, many reflecting the values of plainness, of Gothic architecture, of simple adornment. The Greek Revival style is also simple and came to be adopted for numerous American Methodist churches." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy", "title": "List of ships of the Royal Australian Navy", "header": [ "Name", "Type", "Class", "Dates", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "HMAS Paluma", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMQS_Paluma", "summary": "HMQS Paluma was a flat-iron gunboat operated by the Queensland Maritime Defence Force and later the Royal Australian Navy ( as HMAS Paluma ) . She entered service on 28 October 1884 , was decommissioned in 1916 and then sold to the Victorian Ports and Harbours Department , who operated her under the name Rip until 1948 when she was retired . She was scrapped in 1950-51 ." } ] }, { "value": "Gunboat", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1911-1916", "urls": [] }, { "value": "from Queensland Maritime Defence Force", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Paluma ( 1941 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Paluma_(1941)", "summary": "HMAS Paluma was a survey vessel that was operated by the Royal Australian Navy during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Auxiliary patrol vessel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1941-1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Motor Boat", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Paluma ( 1946 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Paluma_(1946)", "summary": "HMAS Paluma was a 340-ton survey vessel of the Royal Australian Navy between 1946 and 1973 . She was designed and ordered as a 120ft Motor Lighter for the Royal Australian Navy during World War II . Built as Motor Stores Lighter ( MSL 252 ) at State Dockyard , Newcastle , she was not completed before the end of the war . Refitted in 1958 for survey work at Garden Island Dockyard , MSL 252 painted white of the hydrographic service , was renamed HMAS Paluma . She undertook survey work in the St Vincent Gulf of South Australia , and Papua New Guinea in 1961 , rotated in survey of Papua New Guinea until 1965 . She then was based at Cooktown , Queensland . While undertaking survey work of the Cooks Pasage , she discovered a new barrier reef opening . After further refits in Sydney , Paluma surveyed the route from Princess Charlotte Bay to the Torres Strait , the first survey of the route since 1890 . She returned to Sydney and was decommissioned on 30 March 1973 ." } ] }, { "value": "Survey vessel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Unnamed class of 18 MSLs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1946-1973", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Converted from Motor Store Lighter No 252 MSL 252 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Parkes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Parkes", "summary": "HMAS Parkes ( J361 ) , named for the town of Parkes , New South Wales , was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed in Australia during World War II , and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Corvette", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bathurst", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bathurst-class_corvette", "summary": "The Bathurst-class corvettes were a class of general purpose vessels produced in Australia during World War II . Originally classified as minesweepers , but widely referred to as corvettes , the Bathurst-class vessels fulfilled a broad anti-submarine , anti-mine , and convoy escort role . Sixty Bathurst-class corvettes were built in eight Australian shipyards to an Australian design . 36 were constructed for the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) , 20 were built on British Admiralty orders but manned and commissioned by the RAN , and 4 served in the Royal Indian Navy . Three more were ordered for construction in India , but were cancelled . Although designed for the anti-submarine and anti-mine role , the Bathursts operated as maids-of-all-work during the war ; serving as troop and supply transports , supporting amphibious landings , providing air defence for convoys and disabled ships , participating in shore bombardments , and undertaking hydrographic surveys . Three ships were lost during the war - one to Japanese air attack and two to collisions with friendly merchant ships - while a fourth struck a friendly mine while sweeping the Great Barrier Reef in 1947 and sank . After the war , the Admiralty ships were sold to the Turkish Navy , Royal Netherlands Navy , and civilian operators , while several RAN-owned vessels were transferred to the Royal New Zealand Navy , temporarily reactivated to facilitate National Service Training , or sold to civilians . Four of the Netherlands Bathursts were sold onward to the Indonesian Navy , one of which was destroyed in 1956 by rebels opposing the 'Guided Democracy ' political system . The rest of the RAN and Admiralty ships were sold for scrap to help fund other projects . Two vessels are preserved as museum ships ." } ] }, { "value": "1944-1957", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Parramatta ( D55 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Parramatta_(D55)", "summary": "HMAS Parramatta , named after the Parramatta River , was a River-class torpedo-boat destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Ordered in 1909 for the Commonwealth Naval Forces ( the predecessor of the RAN ) , Parramatta was the first ship launched for the RAN . Temporarily commissioned into the Royal Navy for the delivery voyage to Australia , the destroyer came under Australian naval control in 1910 , and was recommissioned into the RAN on 1 March 1911 , shortly before the latter 's formal creation . After the beginning of the First World War in 1914 until 1917 , Parramatta was conducted patrols in the Pacific and South-East Asia , before she and her sister ships were transferred to the Mediterranean for anti-submarine operations . She returned to Australia in 1919 and was placed in reserve . Apart from a brief period of full commission during the visit of the Prince of Wales in 1920 , Parramatta remained in reserve until 1928 . She was fully decommissioned in 1928 , stripped of parts , and sold for use as prisoner accommodation on the Hawkesbury River . After changing hands several times , the hull ran aground during a gale in 1933 , and was left to rust . In 1973 , the bow and stern sections were salvaged , and converted into memorials ." } ] }, { "value": "Torpedo boat destroyer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "River", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/River-class_torpedo-boat_destroyer", "summary": "The River class was a class of six torpedo-boat destroyers operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . The design was based on a modified version of the British River-class destroyer , 13 of which were planned under the 1904 Naval Estimates , but were cancelled before orders were placed . The first batch of three ships was ordered for the Commonwealth Naval Forces in 1909 , followed later by a second batch of three a few years later . All six vessels are named after Australian rivers . The Rivers saw service during World War I . Ships of the class participated in the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force capture of German New Guinea , and performed patrols in Australian and Malayan waters . In 1917 , the class was deployed as a single unit to the Mediterranean , and assigned to anti-submarine patrols of the Adriatic . The destroyers returned to Australia in 1919 , and were placed in reserve . All six ships of the class were disposed of by the 1930s . Three were sold for use as accommodation hulks ( two to the NSW Penal Department , the third to Cockatoo Island Dockyard ) and later sank . The other three were sunk as target ships . The bow and stern sections of HMAS Parramatta were recovered in 1973 and are preserved as memorials ." } ] }, { "value": "1910-1928", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Parramatta ( U44 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Parramatta_(U44)", "summary": "HMAS Parramatta ( U44 ) was a Grimsby class sloop of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Built during the late 1930s , Parramatta operated in the Red Sea and Mediterranean during World War II . The sloop was torpedoed by the German submarine U-559 on 27 November 1941 , and sank with 138 of the 162 aboard ." } ] }, { "value": "Sloop", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grimsby", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grimsby-class_sloop", "summary": "The Grimsby-class sloops were a class of 13 sloops-of-war laid down between 1933 and 1940 . Of these eight were built in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy , four in Australia for the Royal Australian Navy and one for the Royal Indian Navy . Main armament was initially two 4.7-inch ( 120 mm ) guns for RN ships and three 4-inch ( 100 mm ) for Australian ships , but armament varied considerably between ships , and was increased later . Losses during World War II were Grimsby , Indus , Yarra , and Parramatta . Some survivors of this class served into the 1960s . One ship , Wellington , is preserved as the headquarters of the Honourable Company of Master Mariners ." } ] }, { "value": "1940-1941", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Parramatta ( DE 46 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Parramatta_(DE_46)", "summary": "HMAS Parramatta ( F05/DE 46 ) , named for the Parramatta River , was a River-class destroyer escort ( a licence-built Type 12 frigate ) of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Destroyer escort", "urls": [] }, { "value": "River", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/River-class_destroyer_escort", "summary": "The River class was a class of six destroyer escorts ( originally designated anti-submarine frigates ) operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Plans to acquire four vessels , based on the British Type 12M ( or Rothesay-class ) frigate , began in the 1950s . The first two vessels had some slight modifications to the design , while the next two underwent further changes . Two more ships were ordered in 1964 , following the Melbourne-Voyager collision ; these were based on the Type 12I ( or Leander-class ) frigate . By the 1990s , all six ships had left service . Two were sunk as part of tests , and a third was scuttled as an artificial reef , while the other three ships were scrapped ." } ] }, { "value": "1961-1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Patricia Cam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Patricia_Cam", "summary": "HMAS Patricia Cam was an auxiliary vessel operated by the Royal Australian Navy during World War II . She was sunk by a Japanese aircraft in 1943 ." } ] }, { "value": "Auxiliary minesweeper", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1942-1943", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Converted from a commercial trawler", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Penguin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMS_Penguin_(1876)", "summary": "HMS Penguin was an Osprey-class sloop . Launched on 1876 , Penguin was operated by the Royal Navy from 1877 to 1881 , then from 1886 to 1889 . After being converted to a survey vessel , Penguin was recommissioned in 1890 , and operated until 1908 , when she was demasted and transferred to the Australian Commonwealth Naval Forces for use as a depot and training ship in Sydney Harbour . After this force became the Royal Australian Navy , the sloop was commissioned as HMAS Penguin in 1913 . Penguin remained in naval service until 1924 , when she was sold off and converted into a floating crane . The vessel survived until 1960 , when she was broken up and burnt ." } ] }, { "value": "Depot ship", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Depot_ship", "summary": "A depot ship is an auxiliary ship used as a mobile or fixed base for submarines , destroyers , minesweepers , fast attack craft , landing craft , or other small ships with similarly limited space for maintenance equipment and crew dining , berthing and relaxation . Depot ships may be identified as tenders in American English . Depot ships may be specifically designed for their purpose or be converted from another purpose ." } ] }, { "value": "Osprey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Osprey-class_sloop", "summary": "The Osprey class was a Royal Navy class of screw-driven sloops built between 1874 and 1877 . Nine additional ships were built to a revised design , the Doterel-class sloop . They were the first class of ship in the Royal Navy to use glass scuttles ." } ] }, { "value": "1913-1923", "urls": [] }, { "value": "from Royal Navy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Navy", "summary": "The Royal Navy ( RN ) is the United Kingdom 's naval warfare force . Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period , the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years ' War against the Kingdom of France . The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century ; the oldest of the UK 's armed services , it is known as the Senior Service . From the middle decades of the 17th century , and through the 18th century , the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy . From the mid 18th century , it was the world 's most powerful navy until the Second World War . The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing the British Empire as the unmatched world power during the 19th and first part of the 20th centuries . Due to this historical prominence , it is common , even among non-Britons , to refer to it as the Royal Navy without qualification . Following World War I , the Royal Navy was significantly reduced in size , although at the onset of World War II it was still the world 's largest . During the Cold War , the Royal Navy transformed into a primarily anti-submarine force , hunting for Soviet submarines and mostly active in the GIUK gap . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union , its focus has returned to expeditionary operations around the world and it remains one of the world 's foremost blue-water navies . However , 21st-century reductions in naval spending have led to a personnel shortage and a reduction in the number of warships . The Royal Navy maintains a fleet of technologically sophisticated ships and submarines including two aircraft carriers , two amphibious transport docks , four ballistic missile submarines ( which maintain the UK 's nuclear deterrent ) , six nuclear fleet submarines , six guided missile destroyers , 13 frigates , 13 mine-countermeasure vessels and 22 patrol vessels ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Penguin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Depot ship", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Challenger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Challenger-class_cruiser", "summary": "The Challenger-class cruisers were a pair of second-class protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century . One ship , HMS Encounter , was later transferred to the Royal Australian Navy ." } ] }, { "value": "1923-1929", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ex- HMAS Encounter , scuttled off Sydney on 14 September 1932", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Encounter_(1902)", "summary": "HMAS Encounter was a second-class protected cruiser of the Challenger class operated by the Royal Navy ( RN ) and Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . She was built by HM Dockyard Devonport and completed at the end of 1905 . Encounter spent the first six years of her career operating with the RN 's Australia Squadron , before being transferred to the newly formed RAN . During World War I , the cruiser became the first ship of the RAN to fire in anger when she bombarded Toma Ridge . Encounter operated in the New Guinea , Fiji-Samoa , and Malaya areas until 1916 , when she returned to Australian waters . The ship spent the rest of the war patrolling and escorting convoys around Australia and into the Indian Ocean . In 1919 , Encounter was sent to evacuate the Administrator of the Northern Territory and his family following the Darwin Rebellion . Encounter was paid off into reserve in 1920 , but saw further use as a depot ship until being completely decommissioned in 1929 . In 1932 , the cruiser was scuttled off Sydney ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Phillip", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Phillip", "summary": "HMAS Phillip was a depot tender of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1916 until 1921 . Built in 1905 by Frederick Moore at Launceston , Tasmania and launched as Togo and used for passenger service by Broomby and Dent , Launceston . She was bought by the RAN on 14 August 1916 for £7,500 and commissioned as HMAS Togo . Initially purchased for use as a tug , she was used as a depot tender for Flinders Naval Depot . She was used from October 1917 as a minesweeping training ship for the Naval Brigade . Togo was renamed HMAS Phillip in 1918 and was sold in 1921 and renamed Togo . She was broken up in 1946 ." } ] }, { "value": "Depot tender", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1916-1921", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ex- HMAS Togo , sold to commercial interests", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Togo", "summary": "HMAS Phillip was a depot tender of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1916 until 1921 . Built in 1905 by Frederick Moore at Launceston , Tasmania and launched as Togo and used for passenger service by Broomby and Dent , Launceston . She was bought by the RAN on 14 August 1916 for £7,500 and commissioned as HMAS Togo . Initially purchased for use as a tug , she was used as a depot tender for Flinders Naval Depot . She was used from October 1917 as a minesweeping training ship for the Naval Brigade . Togo was renamed HMAS Phillip in 1918 and was sold in 1921 and renamed Togo . She was broken up in 1946 ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Penguin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Platypus_(1917)", "summary": "HMAS Platypus was a submarine depot ship and base ship operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1919 and 1946 . Ordered prior to World War I to support the Australian submarines AE1 and AE2 , Platypus was not completed until after both submarines had been lost , and she was commissioned into the Royal Navy from 1917 to 1919 . After the RAN acquired six J class submarines , Platypus was recommissioned as an Australian warship . She was repurposed as a destroyer tender after the J class was removed from service in the 1920s , tasked with supporting the two O class submarines during 1929 and 1930 . After the submarines were placed in reserve , Platypus was renamed HMAS Penguin and operated as a depot ship until 1941 . The ship assumed her old name and was relocated to Darwin , then Cairns for use as a base ship . After a refit in 1944 , Platypus operated as a repair vessel in New Guinea waters until she was placed into reserve in 1946 . Platypus was sold for scrap in 1958 ." } ] }, { "value": "Depot ship", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1929-1941", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ex- HMAS Platypus ( 1917 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Platypus_(1917)", "summary": "HMAS Platypus was a submarine depot ship and base ship operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1919 and 1946 . Ordered prior to World War I to support the Australian submarines AE1 and AE2 , Platypus was not completed until after both submarines had been lost , and she was commissioned into the Royal Navy from 1917 to 1919 . After the RAN acquired six J class submarines , Platypus was recommissioned as an Australian warship . She was repurposed as a destroyer tender after the J class was removed from service in the 1920s , tasked with supporting the two O class submarines during 1929 and 1930 . After the submarines were placed in reserve , Platypus was renamed HMAS Penguin and operated as a depot ship until 1941 . The ship assumed her old name and was relocated to Darwin , then Cairns for use as a base ship . After a refit in 1944 , Platypus operated as a repair vessel in New Guinea waters until she was placed into reserve in 1946 . Platypus was sold for scrap in 1958 ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Perth ( D29 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Perth_(D29)", "summary": "HMAS Perth was one of three modified Leander-class light cruisers used by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during the early part of World War II . She was built for the Royal Navy ( RN ) in the mid-1930s and was commissioned as HMS Amphion in 1936 . The ship spent the next several years as flagship of the Africa Station before she was transferred to the RAN in 1939 and renamed as HMAS Perth . At the start of World War II in September , the ship patrolled the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean in search of German shipping and escorting convoys for six months before she was ordered home in early 1940 . The ship continued the same types of duties in Australian waters before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet at the end of 1940 . Perth then helped to escort numerous convoys to Malta in early 1941 and played a minor role in the Battle of Cape Matapan in March . She escorted convoys to Greece and Crete and helped to evacuate Allied troops from both places in the face of the victorious Axis forces . The ship was badly damaged by Axis aircraft in May during the evacuation of Crete . After repairs were completed in June , Perth provided naval gunfire support to Allied forces ashore during the Syria-Lebanon Campaign and bombarded Vichy French targets . She returned to Australia in mid-1941 and was tasked with the same sorts of missions as she had been performing at the beginning of the war . The ship continued to perform these tasks after the start of the Pacific War in December until she was transferred to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command in February 1942 to help defend the Dutch East Indies against the Japanese . Perth was not damaged during the Battle of the Java Sea , but was torpedoed and sunk by the Imperial Japanese Navy at the Battle of Sunda Strait immediately afterwards ." } ] }, { "value": "Light cruiser", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Leander", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leander-class_cruiser_(1931)", "summary": "The Leander class was a class of eight light cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s that saw service in World War II . They were named after mythological figures , and all ships were commissioned between 1933 and 1936 . The three ships of the second group were sold to the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) before World War II and renamed after Australian cities ." } ] }, { "value": "1939-1942", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ex- HMS Amphion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMS_Amphion", "summary": "Seven vessels of the British Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Amphion , after the Greek hero Amphion ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Perth ( D 38 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Perth_(D_38)", "summary": "HMAS Perth ( D 38 ) was the lead ship of the Perth-class guided missile destroyers operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Built in the United States to a modified version of the Charles F. Adams design , Perth entered service with the RAN in 1965 . The destroyer made three deployments to the Vietnam War , earning a RAN battle honour and two United States Navy commendations for her service . The majority of the ship 's career was spent on training exercises and goodwill visits to other nations , with one deployment as far as the Mediterranean . Perth was decommissioned in 1999 , and sunk as a dive wreck off the coast of Western Australia in 2001 ." } ] }, { "value": "Destroyer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charles F. Adams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_F._Adams-class_destroyer", "summary": "The Charles F. Adams class is a ship class of 29 guided missile destroyers ( DDG ) built between 1958 and 1967 . Twenty three destroyers were built for the United States Navy , three for the Royal Australian Navy , and three for the West German Bundesmarine . The design of these ships was based on that of Forrest Sherman-class destroyers , but the Charles F. Adams class were the first class designed to serve as guided missile destroyers . [ Note 1 ] 19 feet ( 5.8 m ) of length was added to the center of the design of the Forrest Sherman class to carry the ASROC launcher . The Charles F. Adams-class destroyers were the last steam turbine-powered destroyers built for the U.S. Navy . Starting with the later Spruance-class destroyers , all U.S. Navy destroyers have been powered by gas turbines . Some of the destroyers of the Charles F. Adams class served during the blockade of Cuba in 1962 and during the Vietnam War ." } ] }, { "value": "1965-1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "diving wreck", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Pioneer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Pioneer", "summary": "HMAS Pioneer ( formerly HMS Pioneer ) was a Pelorus-class light cruiser built for the Royal Navy at the end of the 19th century . She was transferred to the fledgling Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) in 1912 . During World War I , the cruiser captured two German merchant ships , and was involved in the East African Campaign , including the blockade of the cruiser SMS Königsberg and a bombardment of Dar-es-Salaam . She returned to Australia in late 1916 and was decommissioned . Pioneer was used as an accommodation ship for the following six years , then was stripped down and sold off by 1926 . The cruiser was scuttled outside Sydney Heads in 1931 ." } ] }, { "value": "Light cruiser", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pelorus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pelorus-class_cruiser", "summary": "The Pelorus-class cruiser was a third-class protected cruiser class of eleven Royal Navy warships designed by Sir William White ( Director of Naval Construction 1885 - 1902 ) , based on the earlier Pearl-class cruisers . They were ordered in 1893 under the Spencer Programme , and laid down 1896-1900 . The first , HMS Pelorus , was commissioned in 1896 ." } ] }, { "value": "1915-1916", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ex HMS Pioneer from Royal Navy , scuttled off Sydney on 18 February 1931", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Navy", "summary": "The Royal Navy ( RN ) is the United Kingdom 's naval warfare force . Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period , the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years ' War against the Kingdom of France . The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century ; the oldest of the UK 's armed services , it is known as the Senior Service . From the middle decades of the 17th century , and through the 18th century , the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy . From the mid 18th century , it was the world 's most powerful navy until the Second World War . The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing the British Empire as the unmatched world power during the 19th and first part of the 20th centuries . Due to this historical prominence , it is common , even among non-Britons , to refer to it as the Royal Navy without qualification . Following World War I , the Royal Navy was significantly reduced in size , although at the onset of World War II it was still the world 's largest . During the Cold War , the Royal Navy transformed into a primarily anti-submarine force , hunting for Soviet submarines and mostly active in the GIUK gap . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union , its focus has returned to expeditionary operations around the world and it remains one of the world 's foremost blue-water navies . However , 21st-century reductions in naval spending have led to a personnel shortage and a reduction in the number of warships . The Royal Navy maintains a fleet of technologically sophisticated ships and submarines including two aircraft carriers , two amphibious transport docks , four ballistic missile submarines ( which maintain the UK 's nuclear deterrent ) , six nuclear fleet submarines , six guided missile destroyers , 13 frigates , 13 mine-countermeasure vessels and 22 patrol vessels ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Ping Wo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Ping_Wo", "summary": "HMAS Ping Wo ( not to be confused with HMAS Whang Pu ) was a 3,105 tons former Indo-Chinese river steamer that was commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during World War II . The Chinese name translates to Equitable Harmony . It was one of a group of vessels known as the China Fleet acquired by the RAN in similar circumstances ." } ] }, { "value": "Repair ship/Stores ship", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Auxiliary vessel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1942-1946", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Returned to owners in 1946", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Pirie ( J189 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Pirie_(J189)", "summary": "HMAS Pirie ( J189/B249/A123 ) , named for the city of Port Pirie , South Australia , was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II and one of 20 built on Admiralty order but manned by personnel of and commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Early in her career , Pirie operated as an escort in the South West Pacific Area , and in April 1943 , was damaged off Oro Bay by Japanese aircraft . Tensions between the corvette 's commanding officer and the rest of the ship 's company , excaberated by the lack of leave , mail , and pay , boiled over during the repair period , and led to a strike-like mutiny by the junior sailors shortly after Pirie returned to service . The mutiny was poorly handled , and the commander was replaced at the end of 1943 . During 1944 , the ship continued to operate as a convoy escort , and undertook minesweeping duties until she was attached to the British Pacific Fleet . Pirie was the third RAN ship to enter Japanese waters , and was present at Japan 's surrender . After the war , the corvette returned to Australia , and was decommissioned before being sold to Turkey . Renamed TCG Amasra , the ship remained in service with the Turkish Navy until 26 March 1984 ." } ] }, { "value": "Corvette", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bathurst", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bathurst-class_corvette", "summary": "The Bathurst-class corvettes were a class of general purpose vessels produced in Australia during World War II . Originally classified as minesweepers , but widely referred to as corvettes , the Bathurst-class vessels fulfilled a broad anti-submarine , anti-mine , and convoy escort role . Sixty Bathurst-class corvettes were built in eight Australian shipyards to an Australian design . 36 were constructed for the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) , 20 were built on British Admiralty orders but manned and commissioned by the RAN , and 4 served in the Royal Indian Navy . Three more were ordered for construction in India , but were cancelled . Although designed for the anti-submarine and anti-mine role , the Bathursts operated as maids-of-all-work during the war ; serving as troop and supply transports , supporting amphibious landings , providing air defence for convoys and disabled ships , participating in shore bombardments , and undertaking hydrographic surveys . Three ships were lost during the war - one to Japanese air attack and two to collisions with friendly merchant ships - while a fourth struck a friendly mine while sweeping the Great Barrier Reef in 1947 and sank . After the war , the Admiralty ships were sold to the Turkish Navy , Royal Netherlands Navy , and civilian operators , while several RAN-owned vessels were transferred to the Royal New Zealand Navy , temporarily reactivated to facilitate National Service Training , or sold to civilians . Four of the Netherlands Bathursts were sold onward to the Indonesian Navy , one of which was destroyed in 1956 by rebels opposing the 'Guided Democracy ' political system . The rest of the RAN and Admiralty ships were sold for scrap to help fund other projects . Two vessels are preserved as museum ships ." } ] }, { "value": "1942-1946", "urls": [] }, { "value": "to Turkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Turkey", "summary": "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Platypus ( 1917 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Platypus_(1917)", "summary": "HMAS Platypus was a submarine depot ship and base ship operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1919 and 1946 . Ordered prior to World War I to support the Australian submarines AE1 and AE2 , Platypus was not completed until after both submarines had been lost , and she was commissioned into the Royal Navy from 1917 to 1919 . After the RAN acquired six J class submarines , Platypus was recommissioned as an Australian warship . She was repurposed as a destroyer tender after the J class was removed from service in the 1920s , tasked with supporting the two O class submarines during 1929 and 1930 . After the submarines were placed in reserve , Platypus was renamed HMAS Penguin and operated as a depot ship until 1941 . The ship assumed her old name and was relocated to Darwin , then Cairns for use as a base ship . After a refit in 1944 , Platypus operated as a repair vessel in New Guinea waters until she was placed into reserve in 1946 . Platypus was sold for scrap in 1958 ." } ] }, { "value": "Submarine tender", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1917-1958", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Polaris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Polaris", "summary": "HMAS Polaris was a trawler requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy in 1942 as a survey tender ." } ] }, { "value": "Surveying tender", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1942-1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "returned to owners", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Past ships -- P", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_ships_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy_17", "intro": "Since its foundation in 1913, the Royal Australian Navy has operated a large number of vessels, including various types of warship, support and supply craft, and auxiliary vessels drawn from civilian service when required." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Widnes_Vikings_season", "title": "2012 Widnes Vikings season", "header": [ "Name", "Position", "Signed from", "Date", "Contract Length" ], "data": [ { "value": "Ben Cross", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ben_Cross_(rugby_league)", "summary": "Ben Cross ( born 6 December 1978 in Wagga Wagga , New South Wales ) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer . A New South Wales State of Origin representative prop , he previously played for Canberra Raiders , Melbourne Storm , Newcastle Knights , Leeds Rhinos , Wigan Warriors and Widnes Vikings ." } ] }, { "value": "Prop", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Wigan Warriors", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wigan_Warriors", "summary": "Wigan Warriors Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league club founded and based in Wigan , England . The club competes in the Betfred Super League . Formed in 1872 as Wigan Football Club , Wigan was a founding member of the Northern Rugby Football Union following the schism from the Rugby Football Union in 1895 . Wigan have won 22 League Championships ( including 5 Super League Grand Finals ) , 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club Challenges . Wigan are the most successful club in English rugby league and had a period of sustained success from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s , winning eight successive Challenge Cups and seven successive League Championships . The club plays home matches at the DW Stadium , having played at Central Park between 1902 and 1999 . The head coach is Adrian Lam ; the club captain is Sean O'Loughlin ( current Great Britain and England captain ) ." } ] }, { "value": "July 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 Year", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hep Cahill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hep_Cahill", "summary": "Hohepa Hep Cahill ( born 15 October 1986 ) is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row or loose forward in the 2000s and 2010s . He played for the Melbourne Storm in the NRL , and Crusaders RL in the Super League . Cahill also played for the Widnes Vikings in the Super League and the Betfred Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Second Row", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Crusaders RL", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crusaders_Rugby_League", "summary": "Crusaders Rugby League ( Welsh : Croesgadwyr Rygbi ' r Gynghrair ) was a professional rugby league club based in Bridgend and later in Wrexham , Wales . They played for six seasons in the Rugby Football League competitions , including three years in the Super League from 2009 to 2011 . Founded as Celtic Crusaders in 2005 initially based in Bridgend , the club played in National League Two from 2006-07 and in National League One in 2008 . In 2009 they were awarded a Super League licence , and in 2010 they moved from Bridgend to Wrexham in North Wales , and dropped Celtic from their name . After three years in the Super League , on 26 July 2011 the club announced they were withdrawing their application to remain in the league for the 2012-15 seasons . They disbanded after the 2011 season , and were succeeded by a new club , North Wales Crusaders , in Championship 1 in 2012 . They played their home matches at Brewery Field then the Racecourse Ground . The Crusaders won the National League Two championship in 2007 . Their last coach was Wales national team coach Iestyn Harris . Their home strip was red and white and the away strip was black and yellow ." } ] }, { "value": "July 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shaun Briscoe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shaun_Briscoe", "summary": "Shaun Briscoe ( born ( 1983-02-23 ) 23 February 1983 ) is an English former professional rugby league footballer . An England international representative outside back , he has played club football for the Wigan Warriors , Hull FC , Hull Kingston Rovers , and the Widnes Vikings ." } ] }, { "value": "Fullback", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Hull Kingston Rovers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers", "summary": "Hull Kingston Rovers are a professional rugby league club in Kingston upon Hull , Yorkshire , England ." } ] }, { "value": "July 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Patrick Ah Van", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Patrick_Ah_Van", "summary": "Patrick Ah Van ( born 17 March 1988 ) is a former Samoa international rugby league footballer who played as a winger in the 2000s and 2010s . He played in the Betfred Championship for Widnes Vikings . He previously played in the National Rugby League for New Zealand Warriors and in the Super League for Bradford Bulls ( Heritage № ) and Widnes Vikings ( Heritage № ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Winger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Bradford Bulls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bradford_Bulls", "summary": "The Bradford Bulls are a professional rugby league club in Bradford , West Yorkshire , England , currently playing in the Championship . They have won the Challenge Cup five times , the league championship six times and the World Club Challenge three times . Having vacated Odsal Stadium , Bradford intend to play their home games next year at Tetleys Stadium . The team jersey is white with red , amber and black chevrons . In 1907 , founder member of the Rugby Football League ( RFL ) Bradford F.C . switched codes to association football , and Bradford Northern ( later Bradford Bulls ) was formed by members who wished to continue rugby . Bradford Northern were renamed Bradford Bulls in 1996 , at the start of Super League . Bradford 's main rivalry was with Leeds ; they also had rivalries with Halifax and Huddersfield . The club entered administration in 2012 , and again in 2014 and 2016 . Several bids were made to take over the club but none were accepted by the administrators , and so on 3 January 2017 the club went into liquidation . Immediately the RFL announced the criteria and invited bids to form a new club , which ultimately acted as an immediate resurrection of the Bulls which retained the history , club colours , badge , home stadium and several players from the 2016 squad . Due to the administration and liquidation , the club started the 2017 season with a 12-point deduction ." } ] }, { "value": "August 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ben Davies", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ben_Davies_(rugby_league)", "summary": "Benjamin ( Ben ) Danger Davies ( born 2 November 1989 ) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Oldham in Kingstone Press League 1 ." } ] }, { "value": "Prop", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Wigan Warriors", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wigan_Warriors", "summary": "Wigan Warriors Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league club founded and based in Wigan , England . The club competes in the Betfred Super League . Formed in 1872 as Wigan Football Club , Wigan was a founding member of the Northern Rugby Football Union following the schism from the Rugby Football Union in 1895 . Wigan have won 22 League Championships ( including 5 Super League Grand Finals ) , 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club Challenges . Wigan are the most successful club in English rugby league and had a period of sustained success from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s , winning eight successive Challenge Cups and seven successive League Championships . The club plays home matches at the DW Stadium , having played at Central Park between 1902 and 1999 . The head coach is Adrian Lam ; the club captain is Sean O'Loughlin ( current Great Britain and England captain ) ." } ] }, { "value": "August 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lloyd White", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lloyd_White_(rugby_league)", "summary": "Lloyd White ( born 9 August 1988 ) is a Welsh international rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for Toulouse Olympique in the Betfred Championship . He has previously played for Crusaders RL and spent time playing for the South Wales Scorpions . He is , by preference a stand-off , but can play as a scrum-half and fullback , and less regularly at loose forward ." } ] }, { "value": "Stand Off", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Crusaders RL", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crusaders_Rugby_League", "summary": "Crusaders Rugby League ( Welsh : Croesgadwyr Rygbi ' r Gynghrair ) was a professional rugby league club based in Bridgend and later in Wrexham , Wales . They played for six seasons in the Rugby Football League competitions , including three years in the Super League from 2009 to 2011 . Founded as Celtic Crusaders in 2005 initially based in Bridgend , the club played in National League Two from 2006-07 and in National League One in 2008 . In 2009 they were awarded a Super League licence , and in 2010 they moved from Bridgend to Wrexham in North Wales , and dropped Celtic from their name . After three years in the Super League , on 26 July 2011 the club announced they were withdrawing their application to remain in the league for the 2012-15 seasons . They disbanded after the 2011 season , and were succeeded by a new club , North Wales Crusaders , in Championship 1 in 2012 . They played their home matches at Brewery Field then the Racecourse Ground . The Crusaders won the National League Two championship in 2007 . Their last coach was Wales national team coach Iestyn Harris . Their home strip was red and white and the away strip was black and yellow ." } ] }, { "value": "August 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rhys Hanbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rhys_Hanbury", "summary": "Rhys Hanbury ( born 27 August 1985 ) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Widnes Vikings in the Super League . He previously played for the Wests Tigers in the National Rugby League ( NRL ) . Hanbury primarily plays at fullback and can also operate as a halfback . He played junior football with Illawarra Wests . Although he was expected to make his début for Crusaders against Wigan Warriors on 5 February at the DW Stadium , visa issues made him unavailable until 11 April match versus Wakefield Trinity ." } ] }, { "value": "Half-back", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Crusaders RL", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crusaders_Rugby_League", "summary": "Crusaders Rugby League ( Welsh : Croesgadwyr Rygbi ' r Gynghrair ) was a professional rugby league club based in Bridgend and later in Wrexham , Wales . They played for six seasons in the Rugby Football League competitions , including three years in the Super League from 2009 to 2011 . Founded as Celtic Crusaders in 2005 initially based in Bridgend , the club played in National League Two from 2006-07 and in National League One in 2008 . In 2009 they were awarded a Super League licence , and in 2010 they moved from Bridgend to Wrexham in North Wales , and dropped Celtic from their name . After three years in the Super League , on 26 July 2011 the club announced they were withdrawing their application to remain in the league for the 2012-15 seasons . They disbanded after the 2011 season , and were succeeded by a new club , North Wales Crusaders , in Championship 1 in 2012 . They played their home matches at Brewery Field then the Racecourse Ground . The Crusaders won the National League Two championship in 2007 . Their last coach was Wales national team coach Iestyn Harris . Their home strip was red and white and the away strip was black and yellow ." } ] }, { "value": "August 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chris Dean", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chris_Dean", "summary": "Christopher David Dean ( born 17 January 1988 ) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a centre , second-row forward or on the wing in the 2000s and 2010s . He played for St Helens in the Super League , and on loan from St. Helens at the Widnes Vikings in the Championship . Dean also played for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the top flight , as well as Widnes in the top flight and the second tier ." } ] }, { "value": "Centre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Wakefield Trinity Wildcats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wakefield_Trinity", "summary": "Wakefield Trinity is a professional rugby league club in Wakefield , West Yorkshire , England , that plays in the Super League . One of the original twenty-two clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 , between 1999 and 2016 the club was known as Wakefield Trinity Wildcats . The club has played at Belle Vue Stadium in Wakefield since 1895 and has rivalries with Castleford Tigers and Featherstone Rovers . Wakefield have won two premierships in their history when they went back to back in 1967 and 1968 . As of 2019 , it has been 51 years since Wakefield last won the league ." } ] }, { "value": "August 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Frank Winterstein", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Winterstein", "summary": "Frank Winterstein ( born 17 December 1986 ) is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for Toulouse Olympique in the Betfred Championship . Winterstein previously played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs , Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles and the Penrith Panthers in the NRL , and for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats , Crusaders RL and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League . He played rugby union for the Kintetsu Liners in the Top League and the Australian rugby sevens team ." } ] }, { "value": "Second Row", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Crusaders RL", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crusaders_Rugby_League", "summary": "Crusaders Rugby League ( Welsh : Croesgadwyr Rygbi ' r Gynghrair ) was a professional rugby league club based in Bridgend and later in Wrexham , Wales . They played for six seasons in the Rugby Football League competitions , including three years in the Super League from 2009 to 2011 . Founded as Celtic Crusaders in 2005 initially based in Bridgend , the club played in National League Two from 2006-07 and in National League One in 2008 . In 2009 they were awarded a Super League licence , and in 2010 they moved from Bridgend to Wrexham in North Wales , and dropped Celtic from their name . After three years in the Super League , on 26 July 2011 the club announced they were withdrawing their application to remain in the league for the 2012-15 seasons . They disbanded after the 2011 season , and were succeeded by a new club , North Wales Crusaders , in Championship 1 in 2012 . They played their home matches at Brewery Field then the Racecourse Ground . The Crusaders won the National League Two championship in 2007 . Their last coach was Wales national team coach Iestyn Harris . Their home strip was red and white and the away strip was black and yellow ." } ] }, { "value": "August 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Willie Isa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Willie_Isa", "summary": "Willie Isa ( born 1 January 1989 ) is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row for the Wigan Warriors in the Betfred Super League . He previously played as a centre or winger for the Penrith Panthers and Melbourne Storm in the NRL , and the Castleford Tigers and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League ." } ] }, { "value": "Centre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Castleford Tigers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castleford_Tigers", "summary": "The Castleford Tigers are a rugby league club in Castleford , West Yorkshire , England , that compete in the Super League , the top-level professional rugby league club competition in the Northern Hemisphere . The club have competed in the top division for the majority of their existence having only been relegated twice in their history , Castleford has won the Challenge Cup four times . Their most recent major trophy was the 1985-86 Challenge Cup . Castleford have a rivalry with neighbours Featherstone Rovers and Wakefield Trinity . The club has been based at Wheldon Road since 1927 , after moving from the Sandy Desert in Lock Lane . The club 's current home colours are black and amber ." } ] }, { "value": "September 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Scott Moore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scott_Moore_(rugby_league)", "summary": "Scott Moore ( born ( 1988-01-23 ) 23 January 1988 ) is an English rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the Swinton Lions in the Betfred Championship . He previously played in the Super League for St Helens , Huddersfield Giants , London Broncos , Castleford Tigers , and in the NRL for the North Queensland Cowboys . Moore signed for Swinton in the Betfred Championship , after starting the season at the Rochdale Hornets for the 2019 season , following his release from prison ." } ] }, { "value": "Hooker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hooker_(rugby_league)", "summary": "Hooker is one of the positions in a rugby league football team . Usually wearing jersey number 9 , the hooker is one of the team 's forwards . During scrums the hooker plays in the front row , and the position 's name comes from their role of 'hooking ' or 'raking ' the ball back with the foot . For this reason the hooker is sometimes referred to as the rake ." } ] }, { "value": "St Helens R.F.C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St_Helens_R.F.C.", "summary": "St Helens R.F.C . is a professional rugby league club in St Helens , Merseyside who compete in the Super League , the top tier of competition for rugby league in Europe . Formed in 1873 , St Helens are one of the 22 original members of the Northern Rugby Football Union and have been league champions on 14 occasions . St Helens are also the third most successful side in the Challenge Cup with 12 wins in 21 Final appearances . St Helens are founding members of the Super League and are one of only four teams to have appeared in every season since its creation in 1996 . Since 1961 the club 's home colours have been white , with a red V on the jersey . St Helens play their home games at the Totally Wicked Stadium in St Helens , having moved from their previous home , Knowsley Road , in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "October 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cameron Phelps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cameron_Phelps", "summary": "Cameron Phelps ( born 11 February 1985 ) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Widnes Vikings in the Super League . He played as a fullback , wing and a centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Fullback", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fullback_(rugby_league)", "summary": "Fullback ( or full-back ) is one of the positions in a rugby league football team . Typically wearing jersey number 1 , the fullback is a member of the team 's 'back-line ' ( No . 1-7 ) . The position 's name comes from their duty of standing the furthest back in defence , behind the forwards ( 8-13 ) , half backs ( 6 and 7 ) and the three-quarter backs ( 2-5 ) . Fullbacks are therefore the last line of defence , having to tackle any opposition players and regather the ball from any kicks that make it through their teammates . It is for this reason that the fullback is also referred to as the sweeper or custodian . Being able to secure high bomb kicks is a highly sought quality in fullbacks . Fullback is also one of the most important positions in attack , handling the ball nearly every set of six and often running into open space on the field . Therefore , together with the two half backs and hooker , fullback is one of the four key positions that make up what is referred to as a team 's 'spine ' . Because the fullback makes the most support runs , players in the fullback role complete more very high-intensity running than any other position . The Rugby League International Federation 's Laws of the Game state that the 'fullback ' is to be numbered 1 . However , traditionally players ' jersey numbers have varied , and in the modern Super League , each squad 's players are assigned individual numbers regardless of position ." } ] }, { "value": "Free Agent", "urls": [] }, { "value": "January 2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sione Kite", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sione_Kite", "summary": "Sione Kite ( born 14 January 1988 ) , also known as John Kite is an Australian rugby league footballer for the Thirlmere Roosters in the Group 6 Rugby League . He previously played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and Melbourne Storm in the National Rugby League and the Widnes Vikings in the Super League . He primarily plays prop and second-row ." } ] }, { "value": "Prop forward", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rugby_league_positions", "summary": "A rugby league team consists of thirteen players on the field , with four substitutes on the bench . Each of the thirteen players is assigned a position , normally with a standardised number , which reflects their role in attack and defence , although players can take up any position at any time . Players are divided into two general types , forwards and backs . Forwards are generally chosen for their size and strength . They are expected to run with the ball , to attack , and to make tackles . Forwards are required to improve the team 's field position thus creating space and time for the backs . Backs are usually smaller and faster , though a big , fast player can be of advantage in the backs . Their roles require speed and ball-playing skills , rather than just strength , to take advantage of the field position gained by the forwards . Typically forwards tend to operate in the centre of the field , while backs operate nearer to the touch-lines , where more space can usually be found ." } ] }, { "value": "Melbourne Storm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne_Storm", "summary": "The Melbourne Storm are a rugby league team based in Melbourne , Victoria in Australia , that participate in the National Rugby League . The first fully professional rugby league team based in the state , the Storm entered the competition in 1998 . The Storm were originally a Super League initiative , created in 1997 during the Super League war , however , following the Super League collapse , the team became a part of the newly formed , united competition . The club play their home games at AAMI Park . The Storm have won three premierships since their inception , in 1999 , 2012 and 2017 , have contested several more grand finals and were stripped of the 2007 and 2009 premierships , following salary cap breaches . The Storm have built a loyal supporter base through the years . A record membership figure was set in 2019 with the club having 25,208 people signed up as season ticket holders . The Storm also competed in the NRL 's Under-20s competition ( as Melbourne Thunderbolts ) from 2008 until its demise in 2017 and in 2018 they entered the ( Victorian Thunderbolts ) in the Hastings Deering Colts u20s QLD competition . In addition , the club has also expanded into netball with a joint venture with University of the Sunshine Coast . The Sunshine Coast Lightning commenced playing in the National Netball League in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "January 2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Years", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Squad -- Transfers", "section_text": "", "uid": "2012_Widnes_Vikings_season_0", "intro": "This article details the Widnes Vikings rugby league football club's 2012 season. This is the seventeenth season of the Super League era." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha", "title": "List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha", "header": [ "Constituency No", "Constituency", "Reserved for ( SC/ST/None )" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Valmiki Nagar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Valmiki_Nagar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Valmiki Nagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India . This constituency came into existence in 2008 , following delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002 ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paschim Champaran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paschim_Champaran_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Paschim Champaran Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India . This constituency came into existence in 2008 , following delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002 ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Purvi Champaran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Purvi_Champaran_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Purvi Champaran Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India . This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002 ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sheohar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sheohar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in the Indian state of Bihar . This constituency has been represented by veterans like Thakur Jugal Kishore Sinha an eminent freedom fighter and is known as the father of Cooperative Movement in India and Ram Dulari Sinha , former Union Minister and Governor ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sitamarhi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sitamarhi_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Madhubani", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madhubani_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jhanjharpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jhanjharpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Jhanjharpur Lok Sabha constituency ( Hindi : झांझरपुर लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Supaul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Supaul_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Supaul Lok Sabha constituency ( Hindi : सुपौल लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India . This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.and it 's sansad 2014_2019is ranjeet ranjan ( congress ) ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Araria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Araria_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Araria Lok Sabha constituency ( Hindi : अररिया लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India . It is unreserved ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kishanganj", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kishanganj_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Kishanganj Lok Sabha constituency ( Hindi : किशनगंज लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in India" } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Katihar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Katihar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Dulal Chandra Goswami" } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Purnia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Purnia_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Purnia Lok Sabha constituency ( formerly Purnea ) ( Hindi : पूर्णिया लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Madhepura", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madhepura_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darbhanga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darbhanga_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Darbhanga Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Muzaffarpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muzaffarpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in the Indian state of Bihar ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vaishali", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vaishali_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency ( Hindi : वैशाली लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India . The first Member of Parliament was Digvijay Narain Singh while the first woman to represent the constituency in Lok Sabha was Kishori Sinha ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gopalganj", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gopalganj_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Gopalganj Lok Sabha constituency ( Hindi : गोपालगंज लोक सभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र ) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "SC", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Siwan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Siwan_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Siwan is a Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maharajganj", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maharajganj_(Bihar_Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Maharajganj Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saran_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)", "summary": "Saran Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 40 Lok Sabha ( parliamentary ) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India . This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002 . Before delimitation , it was Chapra ( Lok Sabha constituency ) ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Bihar ( 40 )", "section_text": "Constituencies of Bihar", "uid": "List_of_Constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha_4", "intro": "The Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). Each MP, represents a single geographic constituency. There are currently 543 constituencies. The maximum size of the Lok Sabha as outlined in the Constitution of India is 550 members made up of up to 530 members representing people of the states of India and up to 20 members representing people from the Union Territories on the basis of their population." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships", "title": "Biathlon World Championships", "header": [ "Season", "Winner", "Runner-up", "Third" ], "data": [ { "value": "1997", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1997", "summary": "The 32nd Biathlon World Championships were held in 1997 in Brezno-Osrblie , Slovakia . The pursuit races were contested for the first time in the world championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Viktor Maigourov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Viktor_Maigourov", "summary": "Viktor Viktorovich Maigourov ( Russian : Виктор Викторвич Майгуров ) ; born 7 February 1969 ) is a former biathlete from Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Sergei Tarasov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Tarasov_(biathlete)", "summary": "Sergei Petrovich Tarasov ( Russian : Серге́й Петро́вич Тара́сов ; born 15 February 1965 ) is a former Russian biathlete . In the 1990s , he was one of the dominating biathletes , winning four Olympic medals and seven World Championship medals over the course of his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1998", "summary": "The 33rd Biathlon World Championships held in March 1998 in Pokljuka , Slovenia , and for the second time in Hochfilzen , Austria were only for the pursuit races ( Pokljuka ) and the team events ( Hochfilzen ) because these were not part of the Olympic programme in Nagano ." } ] }, { "value": "Vladimir Drachev ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Drachev", "summary": "Vladimir Petrovich Drachev ( Russian : Владимир Петрович Драчёв , born 7 March 1966 ) is a former Soviet , Russian and Belarusian biathlete . He formerly had Russian citizenship and started for Russia until 2002 . Drachev has four world championship titles in his career ( two individually and two for teams ) . He also has two olympic relay medals for Russia ( silver in 1994 , and bronze in 1998 ) . During his career he took a total of 11 World Championship medals and 15 World Cup race wins . He was also known as one of the fastest shots in the sport whilst competing ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1999", "summary": "The 34th Biathlon World Championships were held in 1999 in Kontiolahti , Finland . Due to the cold , the individual and the mass start events were moved to Oslo , Norway . The mass start was contested for the first time in the world championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Ricco Groß ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricco_Groß", "summary": "Ricco Groß ( also spelled Gross , born 22 August 1970 ) is a former German biathlete whose exploits made him one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Frank Luck ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Luck", "summary": "Frank Luck ( born 5 December 1967 ) is a former German and , before 1990 , East German biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Sven Fischer ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sven_Fischer", "summary": "Sven Fischer ( born 16 April 1971 ) is a former German biathlete . He trained with the WSV Oberhof 05 club , and was coached by Frank Ullrich and Fritz Fischer ( national coaches ) and Klaus Siebert ( club coach ) . After the 2006/07 biathlon season , he retired ." } ] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2000", "summary": "The 35th Biathlon World Championships were held for the second time in Oslo , Norway from February 19 to February 26 , 2000 . Due to fog , the men 's relay was moved to Lahti , Finland on March 11 ." } ] }, { "value": "Frank Luck ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Luck", "summary": "Frank Luck ( born 5 December 1967 ) is a former German and , before 1990 , East German biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Pavel Rostovtsev ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pavel_Rostovtsev", "summary": "Pavel Aleksandrovich Rostovtsev ( Russian : Павел Александрович Ростовцев ; born 21 September 1971 ) is a Russian former biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2001", "summary": "The 36th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2001 for the second time in Pokljuka , Slovenia ." } ] }, { "value": "Pavel Rostovtsev ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pavel_Rostovtsev", "summary": "Pavel Aleksandrovich Rostovtsev ( Russian : Павел Александрович Ростовцев ; born 21 September 1971 ) is a Russian former biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "Sven Fischer ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sven_Fischer", "summary": "Sven Fischer ( born 16 April 1971 ) is a former German biathlete . He trained with the WSV Oberhof 05 club , and was coached by Frank Ullrich and Fritz Fischer ( national coaches ) and Klaus Siebert ( club coach ) . After the 2006/07 biathlon season , he retired ." } ] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2003", "summary": "The 38th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2003 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Ricco Groß ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricco_Groß", "summary": "Ricco Groß ( also spelled Gross , born 22 August 1970 ) is a former German biathlete whose exploits made him one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Halvard Hanevold ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Halvard_Hanevold", "summary": "Halvard Hanevold ( 3 December 1969 - 3 September 2019 ) was a Norwegian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Paavo Puurunen ( FIN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paavo_Puurunen", "summary": "Paavo Puurunen ( born August 28 , 1973 in Kuhmo , Kainuu ) is a retired Finnish biathlete who competed at four Winter Olympics . Puurunen debuted on the World Cup scene in the 1995/96 season . His best overall placing is from 1997/98 season when he finished 13th . He won his lone world cup victory in Pokljuka in 2001 , in the World Championship , on the 20 km . His second world cup medal bronze in a pursuit is also from world championship that happened in 2003 in Khanty-Mansiysk . At the 2006 Olympics in Turin , he took a fourth place in the mass-start competition his best Olympic result . In an ordinary world cup competition he has no better placing than 6th ." } ] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2004", "summary": "The 39th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2004 in Oberhof , Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "Ricco Groß ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricco_Groß", "summary": "Ricco Groß ( also spelled Gross , born 22 August 1970 ) is a former German biathlete whose exploits made him one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2005", "summary": "The 40th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2005 for the third time in Hochfilzen , Austria from 4 to 13 March . Approximately 80,000 spectators went to see the competitions . The mixed relay , contested for the first time in the World Championships , was held in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Sergei Tchepikov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Tchepikov", "summary": "Sergei Vladimirovich Tchepikov ( Russian : Серге́й Влади́мирович Че́пиков ; born 30 January 1967 ) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet-Russian biathlete and cross country skier who competed at six Winter Olympics , five in biathlon ( 1988 , 1992 , 1994 , 2002 and 2006 ) and one in cross country skiing ( 1998 ) . His last Olympic performance was a silver medal in the 4 × 7.5 km relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin . Tchepikov has two World Cup titles ( 1989/90 , 1990/91 ) . He has had 25 podium finishes , six in first place , thirteen in second , and has come third six times . In the Olympics , Tchepikov has two gold , three silver , and one bronze medals . In the World Championships he has won 14 medals , however only two gold medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Sven Fischer ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sven_Fischer", "summary": "Sven Fischer ( born 16 April 1971 ) is a former German biathlete . He trained with the WSV Oberhof 05 club , and was coached by Frank Ullrich and Fritz Fischer ( national coaches ) and Klaus Siebert ( club coach ) . After the 2006/07 biathlon season , he retired ." } ] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2007", "summary": "The 41st Biathlon World Championships were held in 2007 for the fourth time in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy from February 2 to February 11 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Maxim Tchoudov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maxim_Tchoudov", "summary": "Maxim Alexandrovich Chudov ( Russian : Максим Александрович Чудов ; born 12 November 1982 ) is a former Russian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Vincent Defrasne ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vincent_Defrasne", "summary": "Vincent Defrasne ( born 9 March 1977 ) is a former French biathlete . He won a gold medal in the 12.5 km pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and a bronze medal in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . He was also a member of the winning Biathlon World Championship relay team in 2001 , and the 2004 team which won bronze . At the Biathlon World Championship 2007 in Antholz , Defrasne earned a bronze medal , in the 12.5 km pursuit and a silver medal in the Mixed Relay event . In 2009 at the World Championships in Pyeongchang , Defrasne was part of the victorious mixed relay team . Defrasne served as the flagbearer for France at the 2010 Winter Olympics . He retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2008", "summary": "The 42nd Biathlon World Championships were held in Östersund , Sweden from 8 to 17 February 2008 . It was the second time Östersund was hosting the Biathlon World Championships , the first being in 1970 . It was also 50 years after the first Biathlon World Championships , which were held 1958 in Saalfelden , Austria . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and the relatively new mixed relay . The championships were dominated by the German , Norwegian , and Russian teams , which would win every competition and 28 of the 33 available medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Maxim Tchoudov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maxim_Tchoudov", "summary": "Maxim Alexandrovich Chudov ( Russian : Максим Александрович Чудов ; born 12 November 1982 ) is a former Russian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Alexander Wolf ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Wolf", "summary": "Alexander Wolf ( born 21 December 1978 ) is a former German biathlete . At the 2008 World Championships in Östersund , he won bronze medals in the 12.5 km pursuit and the 4 × 7.5 km relay ." } ] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2009", "summary": "The 43rd Biathlon World Championships were held in Pyeongchang , South Korea from February 13 to February 22 , 2009 . It was the first time that the Biathlon World Championships were held in Asia ( outside Asian Russia ) . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and the relatively new mixed relay . All the events during these championships also counted for the 2008-09 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR ) ( 4 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Maxim Tchoudov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maxim_Tchoudov", "summary": "Maxim Alexandrovich Chudov ( Russian : Максим Александрович Чудов ; born 12 November 1982 ) is a former Russian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Alexander Os ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Os", "summary": "Alexander Os ( born 21 January 1980 ) is a former Norwegian biathlete . Os announced his retirement after the end of the 2015-16 season ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2011", "summary": "The 44th Biathlon World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia from March 3-13 , 2011 . There was a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2010-11 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "Tarjei Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2012", "summary": "The 45th Biathlon World Championships were held in Ruhpolding , Germany , from 1 to 11 March 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Carl Johan Bergman ( SWE )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Johan_Bergman", "summary": "Carl Johan Bergman ( born 14 March 1978 ) is a former Swedish biathlete . He lives in Lillehammer , Norway with his Norwegian wife , Liv Kjersti Eikeland . He is 5 ft 8½ in ( 174 cm ) , and weighs 152 lb ( 69 kg ; 10 st 12 lb ) . He studies computer science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim . His mother is called Birgitta , his father is Lennart , and he has a younger sister called Johanna . In March 2014 , Bergman confirmed that he would be retiring from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Anton Shipulin ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Shipulin", "summary": "Anton Vladimirovich Shipulin ( Russian : Антон Владимирович Шипулин , born 21 August 1987 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and politician serving as the member of the State Duma since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2013", "summary": "The 46th Biathlon World Championships was held in Nové Město na Moravě , Czech Republic , from 7 to 17 February 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Anton Shipulin ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Shipulin", "summary": "Anton Vladimirovich Shipulin ( Russian : Антон Владимирович Шипулин , born 21 August 1987 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and politician serving as the member of the State Duma since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2015", "summary": "The 47th Biathlon World Championships was held in Kontiolahti , Finland from 5 March to 15 March 2015 . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2014-15 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Erik Lesser ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Erik_Lesser", "summary": "Erik Lesser ( born 17 May 1988 ) is a German biathlete . In 2010 , he ran his first single World Cup Race . At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi he won a silver medal at Men 's individual . At the Biathlon World Championships 2013 he won a bronze medal with the German team in Men 's relay . His grandfather Axel Lesser competed in cross-country skiing for East Germany at the 1976 Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Anton Shipulin ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Shipulin", "summary": "Anton Vladimirovich Shipulin ( Russian : Антон Владимирович Шипулин , born 21 August 1987 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and politician serving as the member of the State Duma since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Tarjei Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." } ] }, { "value": "2016", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2016", "summary": "The 48th Biathlon World Championships was held in Oslo , Norway from 3 to 13 March 2016 . There were 11 competitions in total : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted towards the Biathlon World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "2017", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2017", "summary": "The 49th Biathlon World Championships was held from 9 to 19 February 2017 in Hochfilzen , Austria . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also count for the Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA ) ( 4 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johannes_Thingnes_Bø", "summary": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( born 16 May 1993 ) is a Norwegian biathlete . He represents Markane IL [ no ] and is the younger brother of biathlete Tarjei Bø ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "2019", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2019", "summary": "The Biathlon World Championships 2019 took place in Östersund , Sweden , from 6 to 17 March 2019 . There were a total of 12 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and two mixed relay races . The single mixed relay was on the program of the World Championships for the first time . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2018-19 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Dmytro Pidruchnyi ( UKR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dmytro_Pidruchnyi", "summary": "Dmytro Pidruchnyi ( Ukrainian : Дмитро Підручний ; born 5 November 1991 ) is a Ukrainian biathlete . He participated at 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johannes_Thingnes_Bø", "summary": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( born 16 May 1993 ) is a Norwegian biathlete . He represents Markane IL [ no ] and is the younger brother of biathlete Tarjei Bø ." } ] }, { "value": "Quentin Fillon Maillet ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quentin_Fillon_Maillet", "summary": "Quentin Fillon Maillet ( born 16 August 1992 ) is a French biathlete . He competed in the 2014/15 world cup season , and represented France at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 in Kontiolahti ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Men -- Pursuit ( 12.5 km )", "section_text": "This event was first held in 1997 .", "uid": "Biathlon_World_Championships_2", "intro": "The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint BWCHs. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_UCI_Europe_Tour", "title": "2013 UCI Europe Tour", "header": [ "Rank", "Name", "Team", "Points" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Riccardo Zoidl ( AUT )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Riccardo_Zoidl", "summary": "Riccardo Zoidl ( born 8 April 1988 ) is an Austrian cyclist , who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam CCC Team . In 2012 he won the Austrian National Time Trial Championships and in 2013 and 2014 he won the Austrian National Road Race Championships . His biggest victory to date has been the 2013 Tour of Austria . Zoidl left Gourmetfein-Simplon at the end of the 2013 season , and joined Trek Factory Racing for the 2014 season . He was named in the start list for the 2015 Vuelta a España . In December 2018 the CCC Team announced that they had recruited Zoidl for 2019 as a replacement for fellow Austrian Stefan Denifl , after the team and Denifl had agreed to cancel the latter 's contract due to personal reasons ." } ] }, { "value": "Gourmetfein-Simplon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Felbermayr–Simplon_Wels", "summary": "Felbermayr-Simplon Wels ( UCI team code : RSW ) is a UCI Continental team founded in 2004 . It is based in Austria and it participates in UCI Continental Circuits races ." } ] }, { "value": "531.5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bryan Coquard ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bryan_Coquard", "summary": "Bryan Coquard ( born 25 April 1992 ) is a French cyclist , who currently rides for UCI ProTeam B & B Hotels-Vital Concept . He was a silver medalist at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Omnium ." } ] }, { "value": "Team Europcar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Total_Direct_Énergie_(cycling_team)", "summary": "Total Direct Energie ( UCI team code : TDE ) is a professional road bicycle racing team that competes as a UCI Professional Continental team in UCI Continental Circuits races , and UCI World Tour races when invited as a wild card entry . In previous years , the team was known as Brioches La Boulangère , Bonjour , Bouygues Télécom , and Bbox Bouygues Telecom and Europcar . The 2015 season was the last under the sponsorship of Europcar ; the team has been sponsored by Direct Énergie since 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "484", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Davide Rebellin ( ITA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Davide_Rebellin", "summary": "Davide Rebellin ( born 9 August 1971 ) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer , riding for Meridiana-Kamen . He is considered one of the finest classics specialists of his generation with more than fifty top ten finishes in UCI Road World Cup and UCI ProTour classics . Rebellin is best known in the cycling world for his 2004 season , when he won a then unprecedented treble with wins in Amstel Gold Race , La Flèche Wallonne and Liège-Bastogne-Liège . He has also won stage races such as Paris-Nice and Tirreno-Adriatico , and a stage in the Giro d'Italia . Rebellin served a 2-year suspension for testing positive for Mircera at the 2008 Olympic Games ." } ] }, { "value": "CCC-Polsat-Polkowice", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CCC–Sprandi–Polkowice", "summary": "CCC-Sprandi-Polkowice ( UCI team code : CCC ) was a UCI Professional Continental cycling team based in Poland . Formerly CCC-Mat , the team became known as CCC-Polsat in 2002 . In 2004 and 2005 , the team was known as Hoop CCC-Polsat ( UCI team code : HOP ) , reverting to CCC-Polsat in 2006 . From 2007 to 2011 , the team was known as CCC-Polsat-Polkowice ( abbreviated to CCC-Polsat ) , and team kit colours are orange and black ." } ] }, { "value": "430", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Matej Mugerli ( SLO )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matej_Mugerli", "summary": "Matej Mugerli ( born 17 June 1981 in Nova Gorica ) is a Slovenian former professional road bicycle racer ." } ] }, { "value": "Adria Mobil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adria_Mobil_(cycling_team)", "summary": "Adria Mobil ( UCI team code : ADR ) is a Continental cycling team founded in 1972 ( as continental team from 2005 ) . It is based in Novo Mesto , Slovenia and it participates in UCI Continental Circuits races ." } ] }, { "value": "387", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thomas Voeckler ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Voeckler", "summary": "Thomas Voeckler ( French pronunciation : ​ [ tɔ.ma vœ.klɛʁ ] ; born 22 June 1979 ) is a French former road racing cyclist , who competed professionally between 2001 and 2017 , for the Direct Énergie team and its previous iterations . One of the most prominent French riders of his generation , Voeckler has been described as a national hero , due to strong performances over several years in the Tour de France ." } ] }, { "value": "Team Europcar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Total_Direct_Énergie_(cycling_team)", "summary": "Total Direct Energie ( UCI team code : TDE ) is a professional road bicycle racing team that competes as a UCI Professional Continental team in UCI Continental Circuits races , and UCI World Tour races when invited as a wild card entry . In previous years , the team was known as Brioches La Boulangère , Bonjour , Bouygues Télécom , and Bbox Bouygues Telecom and Europcar . The 2015 season was the last under the sponsorship of Europcar ; the team has been sponsored by Direct Énergie since 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "369", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Van Staeyen ( BEL )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Van_Staeyen", "summary": "Michael Van Staeyen ( born 13 August 1988 in Ekeren , Belgium ) is a professional road racing cyclist , who currently rides for UCI Professional Continental team Roompot-Charles ." } ] }, { "value": "Topsport Vlaanderen-Baloise", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sport_Vlaanderen–Baloise", "summary": "Sport Vlaanderen-Baloise ( UCI team code : SVB ) is a professional cycling team based in Belgium that participates in UCI Continental Circuits races and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events . The team is managed by Christophe Sercu , with Roger Swerts , Walter Planckaert and Jean-Pierre Heynderickx assisting as directeurs sportifs ." } ] }, { "value": "367", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Radoslav Rogina ( CRO )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Radoslav_Rogina", "summary": "Radoslav Rogina ( born March 3 , 1979 ) is a Croatian professional road bicycle racer , who currently rides for UCI Continental team Adria Mobil . Rogina represented Croatia at the 2008 Summer Olympics when he finished 25th in the road race event . He represented Croatia again at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London finishing 41st in road race ." } ] }, { "value": "Adria Mobil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adria_Mobil_(cycling_team)", "summary": "Adria Mobil ( UCI team code : ADR ) is a Continental cycling team founded in 1972 ( as continental team from 2005 ) . It is based in Novo Mesto , Slovenia and it participates in UCI Continental Circuits races ." } ] }, { "value": "354", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jonathan Hivert ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jonathan_Hivert", "summary": "Jonathan Hivert ( born 23 March 1985 in Chambray-lès-Tours ) is a French professional road bicycle racer , who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Total Direct Énergie . In 2013 , Hivert won the general classification of the 2.1 event Étoile de Bessèges . He was 3 seconds in arrears of Jérôme Cousin of Team Europcar before the final time trial , and he finally got the first position after besting Cousin by 7 seconds on the stage . Hivert joined Belkin Pro Cycling for the 2014 season , after his previous team - Sojasun - folded at the end of the 2013 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Sojasun", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sojasun_(cycling_team)", "summary": "Sojasun was a French cycling team registered at UCI Professional Continental level . They were founded in 2009 as Besson Chaussures-Sojasun . The team rode BH bicycles . Their sponsor Sojasun is a company which manufactures soya-based foods . In 2012 , the team received a wildcard invitation to the Tour de France , along with three other French-registered teams . The professional cycling team Sojasun will not be present in the professional peloton in 2014 , after the team was unable to find a new title sponsor ." } ] }, { "value": "334", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vitaliy Buts ( UKR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vitaliy_Buts", "summary": "Vitaliy Buts ( born 24 November 1986 in Mykolaiv ) is a Ukrainian road bicycle racer who rides for UCI Continental team Shenzhen Xidesheng Cycling Team . He has been riding since 1997 and turned professional in 2009 with the Lampre-NGC team ." } ] }, { "value": "Kolss Cycling Team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kolss_Cycling_Team", "summary": "The Kolss Cycling Team ( UCI team code : KLS ) were a Ukrainian UCI Continental cycling team . It took part in the UCI Europe Tour before disbanding at the end of 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "320.67", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gerald Ciolek ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gerald_Ciolek", "summary": "Gerald Michael Ciolek ( born 19 September 1986 ) is a German former professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI Professional Continental team Stölting Service Group . Ciolek retired after the 2016 season ." } ] }, { "value": "MTN-Qhubeka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NTT_Pro_Cycling", "summary": "NTT Pro Cycling ( Zulu pronunciation : [ ǃʰuˈɓɛːɠa ] ) ( UCI team code : NTT ) is a UCI WorldTeam cycling team based in South Africa . Until 2016 it was known as MTN-Qhubeka . The team 's name reflects that whilst it is sponsored by Dimension Data Holdings , it is linked to fundraising for Qhubeka , a charity programme in South Africa . The team aim to fund 5000 bicycles every year for the charity ." } ] }, { "value": "315", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Individual classification", "section_text": "[ 85 ]", "uid": "2013_UCI_Europe_Tour_1", "intro": "The 2013 UCI Europe Tour was the ninth season of the UCI Europe Tour. The 2013 season began on 27 January 2013 with the Grand Prix Cycliste la Marseillaise and ended on 20 October 2013 with the Chrono des Nations. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey. John Degenkolb of Germany was the defending champion of the 2012 UCI Europe Tour. Riccardo Zoidl of Austria was crowned as the 2013 UCI Europe Tour. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:" }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_at_the_European_Athletics_Championships", "title": "Serbia at the European Athletics Championships", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Event", "Championship" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Slobodan Branković", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Slobodan_Branković_(athletics)", "summary": "Slobodan Branković ( Serbian : Слободан Бранковић ; born 1 October 1967 ) is a Serbian former track and field athlete who specialised in the 400 metres . He is currently the general secretary of the Athletics Federation of Serbia . He competed internationally for the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . He represented the former nation at the 1988 Summer Olympics , but ( like a handful of other Yugoslavian athletes ) competed as an individual under no flag at the 1992 Summer Olympics . Branković was the gold medallist over 400 metres at the 1992 European Athletics Indoor Championships , a feat which gained him the Golden Badge as the Спорт newspaper 's Yugoslav sportsperson of the year . He participated in the IAAF World Championships in Athletics on three occasions ( 1987 , 1991 , 1993 ) . He set Yugoslavian records in the 4×400 metres relay and remains the holder of a variety of indoor and outdoor Serbian national records in distances from 100 metres to 400 m ." } ] }, { "value": "400m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1992 Genoa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 22nd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in 1992 in Genoa , Italy . This was the first edition to be held biannually and not annually and also the first to be held over three days as opposed to two . It also marked the debut of the combined events at the championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dragutin Topić", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dragutin_Topić", "summary": "Dragutin Topić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Драгутин Топић , born 12 March 1971 in Belgrade , SR Serbia , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a Serbian high jumper ." } ] }, { "value": "High Jump", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1996 Stockholm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1996_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 24th European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at the Globe Arena , Stockholm , the capital city of Sweden from Friday , 8 March to Sunday , 10 March 1996 . This was the first edition to feature women 's pole vault ." } ] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Asmir Kolašinac", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Asmir_Kolašinac", "summary": "Asmir Kolašinac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Асмир Колашинац ; born 15 October 1984 ) is a Serbian shot putter who competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2012 London Olympics . In 2013 Kolašinac was European Indoor Champion in shot put . He is coached by Mišo Đurić and Nikola Tomasović ." } ] }, { "value": "Shot put", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2013_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships_–_Men's_shot_put", "summary": "The men 's shot put event at the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 28 February 2013 at 19:00 ( qualification ) and 1 March , 18:45 ( final ) local time ." } ] }, { "value": "2013 Gothenburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2013_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 32nd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Scandinavium and Svenska Mässan in Gothenburg , Sweden , on 1-3 March 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ivana Španović", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ivana_Španović", "summary": "Ivana Španović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Ивана Шпановић , [ ǐʋana ʃpǎːnoʋit͡ɕ ] , born 10 May 1990 ) is a Serbian long jumper , reigning World indoor champion and reigning European indoor champion . In 2013 , she became the first Serbian track and field athlete to win a medal at the IAAF Outdoor World Championships . In 2018 , she became the first Serbian track and field athlete to win a world senior gold medal at the IAAF Indoor World Championships . She is the Serbian record holder in the long jump , indoors and outdoors , and also she is the national indoor record holder in the 60 metres and in the pentathlon . Her coach is Goran Obradović and she is a member of the Athletic Club Vojvodina in Novi Sad ." } ] }, { "value": "Long jump", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2015_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships_–_Women's_long_jump", "summary": "The women 's long jump event at the 2015 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 6 March 2015 at 12:15 ( qualification ) and 7 March , 16:45 ( final ) local time ." } ] }, { "value": "2015 Prague", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2015_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 33rd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 5 to 8 March 2015 in the O2 Arena in Prague , Czech Republic ." } ] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dragan Perić", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dragan_Perić", "summary": "Dragan Perić ( Serbian : Драган Перић , born 8 May 1964 ) is a Serbian retired shot putter who occasionally competed in the discus throw . He holds the Serbian records in both events . He represented Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro in four consecutive Summer Olympics from 1992 to 2004 , in eight World Championships from 1991 to 2005 and three European Championships from 1990 to 1998 ." } ] }, { "value": "Shot put", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1994 Paris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1994_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 23rd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in Paris , the capital city of France in between 11 and 13 March 1994 . This was the last edition to feature race walking ." } ] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Asmir Kolašinac", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Asmir_Kolašinac", "summary": "Asmir Kolašinac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Асмир Колашинац ; born 15 October 1984 ) is a Serbian shot putter who competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2012 London Olympics . In 2013 Kolašinac was European Indoor Champion in shot put . He is coached by Mišo Đurić and Nikola Tomasović ." } ] }, { "value": "Shot put", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2015_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships_–_Men's_shot_put", "summary": "The men 's shot put event at the 2015 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 5 March 2015 at 16:30 ( qualification ) and 6 March , 17:25 ( final ) local time ." } ] }, { "value": "2015 Prague", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2015_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 33rd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 5 to 8 March 2015 in the O2 Arena in Prague , Czech Republic ." } ] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dragutin Topić", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dragutin_Topić", "summary": "Dragutin Topić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Драгутин Топић , born 12 March 1971 in Belgrade , SR Serbia , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a Serbian high jumper ." } ] }, { "value": "High jump", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1992 Genoa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 22nd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in 1992 in Genoa , Italy . This was the first edition to be held biannually and not annually and also the first to be held over three days as opposed to two . It also marked the debut of the combined events at the championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dragutin Topić", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dragutin_Topić", "summary": "Dragutin Topić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Драгутин Топић , born 12 March 1971 in Belgrade , SR Serbia , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a Serbian high jumper ." } ] }, { "value": "High jump", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000 Ghent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2000_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 26th European Athletics Indoor Championships were held from Friday , 25 February to Sunday , 27 February 2000 in Ghent , Belgium . This was the first ever edition to feature combined events and the first since 1975 to hold relay races ." } ] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mihail Dudaš", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mihail_Dudaš", "summary": "Mihail Dudaš ( Serbian Cyrillic : Михаил Дудаш , born November 1 , 1989 in Novi Sad , SR Serbia , Yugoslavia ) is a Serbian decathlete and heptathlete . He holds national records in both events ." } ] }, { "value": "Heptathlon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2013_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships_–_Men's_heptathlon", "summary": "The Men 's heptathlon event at the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on March 2-3 ." } ] }, { "value": "2013 Gothenburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2013_European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships", "summary": "The 32nd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Scandinavium and Svenska Mässan in Gothenburg , Sweden , on 1-3 March 2013 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Indoor -- List of Medalists", "section_text": "", "uid": "Serbia_at_the_European_Athletics_Championships_2", "intro": "Serbia officially has competed at the European Athletics Championships since 2006. Before Serbia has competed as part of SFR Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Stanley", "title": "Kim Stanley", "header": [ "Opening date", "Closing date", "Title", "Role", "Playwright", "Theatre" ], "data": [ { "value": "Oct 29 , 1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dec 24 , 1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Montserrat", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Replacement for Julie Harris as Felisa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Julie_Harris_(American_actress)", "summary": "Julia Ann Harris ( December 2 , 1925 - August 24 , 2013 ) was an American actress . Renowned for her classical and contemporary stage work , she received five Tony Awards for Best Actress in a Play . Debuting on Broadway in 1945 , much against the wishes of her mother , who wanted her to 'come out ' as a society debutante , Harris was acclaimed for a complex performance as an isolated 12-year-old girl in the 1950 play The Member of the Wedding , a role she reprised in the 1952 film of the same name , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 1951 , her range was demonstrated as Sally Bowles in the original production of I Am a Camera , for which she won her first Tony award . She subsequently appeared in the 1955 film version . After a lull in the quality of motion pictures she had parts in , the 1960s saw Harris give acclaimed performances in classic films , including The Haunting ( 1963 ) , and what is sometimes considered the screen role that allowed her to best display her talents , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , in which she played opposite Marlon Brando . A rare method actor , she won Tony awards for The Lark ( 1956 ) , Forty Carats ( 1969 ) , The Last of Mrs. Lincoln ( 1973 ) , and The Belle of Amherst ( 1977 ) . She was also a Grammy Award winner and a three time Emmy Award winner . Harris was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1979 , received the National Medal of Arts in 1994 , and the 2002 Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award ." } ] }, { "value": "Lillian Hellman adaptation original Emmanuel Roblès", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lillian_Hellman", "summary": "Lillian Florence Hellman ( June 20 , 1905 - June 30 , 1984 ) was an American dramatist and screenwriter known for her success as a playwright on Broadway , as well as her Communist sympathies and political activism . She was blacklisted after her appearance before the House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC ) at the height of the anti-communist campaigns of 1947-1952 . Although she continued to work on Broadway in the 1950s , her blacklisting by the American film industry caused a drop in her income . Many praised Hellman for refusing to answer questions by HUAC , but others believed , despite her denial , that she had belonged to the Communist Party . As a playwright , Hellman had many successes on Broadway , including Watch on the Rhine , The Autumn Garden , Toys in the Attic , Another Part of the Forest , The Children 's Hour and The Little Foxes . She adapted her semi-autobiographical play The Little Foxes into a screenplay , which starred Bette Davis and received an Academy Award nomination in 1942 . Hellman was romantically involved with fellow writer and political activist Dashiell Hammett , author of the classic detective novels The Maltese Falcon and The Thin Man , who also was blacklisted for 10 years until his death in 1961 . The couple never married . Hellman 's accuracy was challenged after she brought a libel suit against Mary McCarthy . In 1979 , on The Dick Cavett Show , McCarthy said that every word she writes is a lie , including 'and ' and 'the ' . During the libel suit , investigators found errors in Hellman 's popular memoirs such as Pentimento . They said that the Julia section of Pentimento , which had been the basis for the Oscar-winning 1977 movie of the same name , was actually based on the life of Muriel Gardiner ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Emmanuel_Roblès", "summary": "Emmanuel Roblès ( 4 May 1914 in Oran , French Algeria - 22 February 1995 in Boulogne , Hauts-de-Seine ) was a French author . He was elected a member of the Académie Goncourt in 1973 . He was one of many influential pied-noir of his time . The literary award Prix Emmanuel Roblès has been established in his honour in 1990 ." } ] }, { "value": "Fulton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fulton_Theatre", "summary": "The Fulton Theatre was a Broadway theatre located at 210 West 46th Street in New York that was opened in 1911 . It was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre in 1955 . The theatre was demolished in 1982 . Since the former Little Theatre became the current Helen Hayes Theatre , the Fulton Theatre is now sometimes referred to as the First Helen Hayes Theatre ." } ] }, { "value": "Jan 7 , 1951", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jan 20 , 1951", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The House of Bernarda Alba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_House_of_Bernarda_Alba", "summary": "The House of Bernarda Alba ( Spanish : La casa de Bernarda Alba ) is a play by the Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca . Commentators have often grouped it with Blood Wedding and Yerma as a rural trilogy . Lorca did not include it in his plan for a trilogy of the Spanish land ( which remained unfinished at the time of his murder ) . Lorca described the play in its subtitle as a drama of women in the villages of Spain . The House of Bernarda Alba was Lorca 's last play , completed on 19 June 1936 , two months before Lorca 's death during the Spanish Civil War . The play was first performed on 8 March 1945 at the Avenida Theatre in Buenos Aires . The play centers on the events of a house in Andalusia during a period of mourning , in which Bernarda Alba ( aged 60 ) wields total control over her five daughters Angustias ( 39 years old ) , Magdalena ( 30 ) , Amelia ( 27 ) , Martirio , ( 24 ) , and Adela ( 20 ) . The housekeeper ( La Poncia ) and Bernarda 's elderly mother ( María Josefa ) also live there . The deliberate exclusion of any male character from the action helps build up the high level of sexual tension that is present throughout the play . Pepe el Romano , the love interest of Bernarda 's daughters and suitor of Angustias , never appears on stage . The play explores themes of repression , passion , and conformity , and inspects the effects of men upon women ." } ] }, { "value": "Adela", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Federico García Lorca Translation James Graham Lujan and Richard L. O'Connell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Federico_García_Lorca", "summary": "Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca ( Spanish pronunciation : [ feðeˈɾiko ðel saˈɣɾaðo koɾaˈθon de xeˈsuz ɣaɾˈθi.a ˈloɾka ] ; 5 June 1898 - 19 August 1936 ) , known as Federico García Lorca [ a ] ( English : /ɡɑːrˌsiːə ˈlɔːrkə/ gar-SEE-ə LOR-kə ) , was a Spanish poet , playwright , and theatre director . García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27 , a group consisting of mostly poets who introduced the tenets of European movements ( such as symbolism , futurism , and surrealism ) into Spanish literature . He was killed by Nationalist forces at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War . His remains have never been found ." } ] }, { "value": "ANTA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/August_Wilson_Theatre", "summary": "The August Wilson Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 245 West 52nd Street in midtown Manhattan . The theatre , named after Pulitzer-Prize winning playwright August Wilson ( 2005 ) , is owned and operated by Jordan Roth of Jujamcyn Theaters . The theatre has 1,222 seats , and its longest-running show was Jersey Boys ( 2005-2017 ) . Since April of 2018 , the Tony Award-nominated musical , Mean Girls has been running at the August Wilson ." } ] }, { "value": "Apr 15 , 1952", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 10 , 1952", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Chase", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anna Reeves", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Horton Foote", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Horton_Foote", "summary": "Albert Horton Foote Jr. ( March 14 , 1916 - March 4 , 2009 ) was an American playwright and screenwriter , perhaps best known for his screenplays for the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird and the 1983 film Tender Mercies , and his notable live television dramas during the Golden Age of Television . He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1995 for his play The Young Man From Atlanta and two Academy Awards , one for an original screenplay ( Tender Mercies ) and one for adapted screenplay ( To Kill a Mockingbird ) . In 1995 , Foote was the inaugural recipient of the Austin Film Festival 's Distinguished Screenwriter Award . In describing his three-play work , The Orphans ' Home Cycle , the drama critic for the Wall Street Journal said this : Foote , who died last March , left behind a masterpiece , one that will rank high among the signal achievements of American theater in the 20th century . In 2000 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts ." } ] }, { "value": "Playhouse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Feb 19 , 1953", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Apr 10 , 1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Picnic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Picnic_(play)", "summary": "Picnic is a 1953 play by William Inge . The play was premiered at the Music Box Theatre , Broadway , on 19 February 1953 in a Theatre Guild production , directed by Joshua Logan , which ran for 477 performances . The original cast featured Ralph Meeker , Eileen Heckart , Arthur O'Connell , Janice Rule , Reta Shaw , Kim Stanley and Paul Newman . Inge won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work , and Logan received a Tony Award for Best Director . The play also won the New York Drama Critics ' Circle Award for Best Play of the season . Picnic was Paul Newman 's Broadway debut . An unknown at the time , Newman campaigned heavily for the leading role of Hal , but director Joshua Logan did not think Newman was physically large enough to convey the lead character 's athletic attributes . As a result , Ralph Meeker was given the role of Hal opposite Janice Rule as Madge . Newman played Hal 's former college roommate Alan Seymour while understudying the role of Hal . Newman eventually took over the lead role ." } ] }, { "value": "Millie Owens", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Inge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Inge", "summary": "William Motter Inge ( /ˈɪndʒ/ ; May 3 , 1913 - June 10 , 1973 ) was an American playwright and novelist , whose works typically feature solitary protagonists encumbered with strained sexual relations . In the early 1950s , he had a string of memorable Broadway productions , including Picnic , which earned him a Pulitzer Prize . With his portraits of small-town life and settings rooted in the American heartland , Inge became known as the Playwright of the Midwest ." } ] }, { "value": "Music Box", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Music_Box_Theatre", "summary": "The Music Box Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 239 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way ) in Midtown Manhattan , New York City ." } ] }, { "value": "Oct 27 , 1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nov 20 , 1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Traveling Lady", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Georgette Thomas", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Horton Foote", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Playhouse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mar 2 , 1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Apr 21 , 1956", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bus Stop", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bus_Stop_(play)", "summary": "Bus Stop is a 1955 play by William Inge . The 1956 film of the same name was opened up in the beginning to include scenes on the bus and in places away from the diner ." } ] }, { "value": "Cherie", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Inge", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Music Box Winter Garden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre", "summary": "The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 1634 Broadway between 50th and 51st Streets in midtown Manhattan ." } ] }, { "value": "Jan 10 , 1957", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Feb 9 , 1957", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Clearing in the Woods", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Virginia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arthur Laurents", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arthur_Laurents", "summary": "Arthur Laurents ( July 14 , 1917 - May 5 , 2011 ) was an American playwright , stage director and screenwriter . After writing scripts for radio shows after college and then training films for the U.S. Army during World War II , Laurents turned to writing for Broadway , producing a body of work that includes West Side Story ( 1957 ) , Gypsy ( 1959 ) , and Hallelujah , Baby ! ( 1967 ) , and directing some of his own shows and other Broadway productions . His early film scripts include Rope ( 1948 ) for Alfred Hitchcock , followed by Anastasia ( 1956 ) , Bonjour Tristesse ( 1958 ) , The Way We Were ( 1973 ) , and The Turning Point ( 1977 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Belasco", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belasco_Theatre", "summary": "The Belasco Theatre is a Broadway theater which opened in 1907 at 111 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Originally known as the Stuyvesant Theatre , it was designed by architect George Keister for impresario David Belasco . The interior featured Tiffany lighting and ceiling panels , rich woodwork and expansive murals by American artist Everett Shinn , and a ten-room duplex penthouse apartment that Belasco utilized as combination living quarters/office space ." } ] }, { "value": "Oct 2 , 1958", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jun 13 , 1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Touch of the Poet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Poet", "summary": "A Touch of the Poet is a play by Eugene O'Neill completed in 1942 but not performed until 1958 , after his death . It and its sequel , More Stately Mansions , were intended to be part of a nine-play cycle entitled A Tale of Possessors Self-Dispossessed . Set in the dining room of Melody 's Tavern , located in a village a few miles from Boston , it centers on Major Cornelius ( Con ) Melody , a braggart , social climber , and victim of the American class system in 1828 Massachusetts . The play has been produced on Broadway four times . The original production , directed by Harold Clurman , opened on October 2 , 1958 , at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 284 performances . The cast included Helen Hayes , Eric Portman , Betty Field , and Kim Stanley . Both the play and Stanley earned Tony Award nominations . The first revival , directed by Jack Sydow , played in repertory with The Imaginary Invalid and Tonight at 8.30 at the ANTA Playhouse in 1967 . Ten years later , the second revival , directed by José Quintero , opened on December 28 , 1977 , again at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 141 performances . The cast included Geraldine Fitzgerald , Milo O'Shea , Kathryn Walker , and Jason Robards , who was Tony-nominated for Best Actor in Play . After 32 previews , the third revival , directed by Doug Hughes , opened on December 8 , 2005 , at Studio 54 , where it ran for 50 performances . Gabriel Byrne and Emily Bergl headed the cast ." } ] }, { "value": "Sara Melody", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eugene O'Neill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eugene_O'Neill", "summary": "Eugene Gladstone O'Neill ( October 16 , 1888 - November 27 , 1953 ) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature . His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into U.S. drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov , Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen , and Swedish playwright August Strindberg . The drama Long Day 's Journey into Night is often numbered on the short list of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century , alongside Tennessee Williams 's A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller 's Death of a Salesman . O'Neill 's plays were among the first to include speeches in American English vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society . They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations , but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair . Of his very few comedies , only one is well-known ( Ah , Wilderness ! ) . Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism ." } ] }, { "value": "Helen Hayes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Helen_Hayes_Theatre", "summary": "Hayes Theater ( initially known as the Little Theatre and Helen Hayes Theatre ) is a Broadway theatre located at 240 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan . With 597 seats , it is the smallest theatre on Broadway . It was an ABC Television studio from 1957 to 1963 . Later the syndicated talk show The Merv Griffin Show , before it moved to Los Angeles in 1972 , was taped at the theatre ." } ] }, { "value": "Oct 12 , 1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nov 28 , 1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chéri", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Léa de Lonval", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anita Loos Colette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anita_Loos", "summary": "Corinne Anita Loos ( April 26 , 1889 - August 18 , 1981 ) was an American screenwriter , playwright and author , primarily known for her successful novel , Gentlemen Prefer Blondes . Becoming the first-ever female staff scriptwriter in 1912 when D.W. Griffith put her on the payroll at Triangle Film Corporation , she went on to write many of the Douglas Fairbanks films , as well as the stage adaptation of Colettes Gigi ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Colette", "summary": "Colette ( French : [ kɔ.lɛt ] ; Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette , 28 January 1873 - 3 August 1954 ) was a French author and woman of letters nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948 ; also known as a mime , actress , and journalist . Colette was most widely known for her 1944 novella Gigi ( 1944 ) , which was the basis for the 1958 film and the 1973 stage production of the same name ." } ] }, { "value": "Morosco", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Morosco_Theatre", "summary": "The Morosco Theatre was a Broadway theatre near Times Square in New York City from 1917 to 1982 . It housed many notable productions and its demolition , along with four adjacent theaters , was controversial ." } ] }, { "value": "Apr 4 , 1961", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nov 25 , 1961", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Far Country", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Far_Country", "summary": "A Far Country is a play by Henry Denker . The work premiered on Broadway at the Music Box Theatre on April 4 , 1961 , where it closed on November 25 , 1961 , after 271 performances . Produced by Roger L. Stevens and Joel Schenker , the production was directed by Alfred Ryder and used sets by Donald Oenslager and costumes by Ann Roth . Lead actress Kim Stanley ( Ryder 's wife at the time ) was nominated for a Tony Award for her portrayal of Elizabeth von Ritter ." } ] }, { "value": "Elizabeth von Ritter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Henry Denker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Henry_Denker", "summary": "Henry Denker ( November 25 , 1912 - May 15 , 2012 ) was an American novelist and playwright ." } ] }, { "value": "Music Box", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jan 31 , 1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mar 02 , 1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Natural Affection", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sue Barker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Inge", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Booth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Booth_Theatre", "summary": "The Booth Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 222 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way ) in midtown-Manhattan , New York City . Architect Henry B. Herts designed the Booth and its companion Shubert Theatre as a back-to-back pair sharing a Venetian Renaissance-style façade . Named in honor of famed 19th-century American actor Edwin Booth , brother of John Wilkes Booth , the theater 's 783-seat auditorium was intended to provide an intimate setting for dramatic and comedic plays . It opened on October 16 , 1913 , with Arnold Bennett 's play The Great Adventure . The venue was the second New York City theatre to bear this name . The first , Booth 's Theatre , was originally owned by Edwin Booth , and built by the architectural partnership Renwick & Sands between 1867-69 on the corner of 23rd Street and 6th Avenue ( see picture , below ) . The Booth Theatre appeared in The West Wing episode Posse Comitatus as venue for a fictitious charity performance of War of the Roses which President Jed Bartlet attended during the assassination of the Qumari Defence Minister Abdul ibn Shareef . The box-office record was broken in 2013 by Bette Midler in I 'll Eat You Last : A Chat with Sue Mengers with a gross of $ 753,217 in just seven performances . Midler then broke her own record the week following with a gross of $ 865,144 . The revival of The Elephant Man , starring Bradley Cooper , topped Midler 's record by grossing $ 1,058,547 for an eight-performance week ending December 28 , 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jun 22 , 1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oct 03 , 1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Three Sisters", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Three_Sisters_(play)", "summary": "Three Sisters ( Russian : Три сeстры́ , romanized : Tri sestry ) is a play by the Russian author and playwright Anton Chekhov . It was written in 1900 and first performed in 1901 at the Moscow Art Theatre . The play is sometimes included on the short list of Chekhov 's outstanding plays , along with The Cherry Orchard , The Seagull and Uncle Vanya ." } ] }, { "value": "Masha", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anton Chekhov Randall Jarrell English version", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Chekhov", "summary": "Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ( Russian : Антон Павлович Чехов [ note 1 ] , tr . Antón Pávlovič Čéhov , IPA : [ ɐnˈton ˈpavɫəvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕɛxəf ] ; 29 January 1860 [ note 2 ] - 15 July 1904 [ note 3 ] ) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history . His career as a playwright produced four classics , and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics . Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg , Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre . Chekhov practiced as a medical doctor throughout most of his literary career : Medicine is my lawful wife , he once said , and literature is my mistress . Chekhov renounced the theatre after the reception of The Seagull in 1896 , but the play was revived to acclaim in 1898 by Konstantin Stanislavski 's Moscow Art Theatre , which subsequently also produced Chekhov 's Uncle Vanya and premiered his last two plays , Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard . These four works present a challenge to the acting ensemble as well as to audiences , because in place of conventional action Chekhov offers a theatre of mood and a submerged life in the text . Chekhov had at first written stories to earn money , but as his artistic ambition grew , he made formal innovations which have influenced the evolution of the modern short story . He made no apologies for the difficulties this posed to readers , insisting that the role of an artist was to ask questions , not to answer them ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Randall_Jarrell", "summary": "Randall Jarrell /dʒəˈrɛl/ jə-REL ( May 6 , 1914 - October 14 , 1965 ) was an American poet , literary critic , children 's author , essayist , and novelist . He was the 11th Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress - a position that now bears the title Poet Laureate of the United States . Among other honors , Jarrell was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for the years 1947-48 ; a grant from the National Institute of Arts and Letters , in 1951 ; and the National Book Award for Poetry , in 1961 ." } ] }, { "value": "Morosco", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Stage work", "section_text": "Partial listing of stage work : [ 10 ]", "uid": "Kim_Stanley_0", "intro": "Kim Stanley (born Patricia Reid, February 11, 1925 - August 20, 2001) was an American actress, primarily in television and theatre, but with occasional film performances. She began her acting career in theatre, and subsequently attended the Actors Studio in New York City, New York. She received the 1952 Theatre World Award for her role in The Chase (1952), and starred in the Broadway productions of Picnic (1953) and Bus Stop (1955). Stanley was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her roles in A Touch of the Poet (1959) and A Far Country (1962). In the 1950s, Stanley was a prolific performer in television, and later progressed to film, with a well-received performance in The Goddess (1959). She was the narrator of To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), and starred in Séance on a Wet Afternoon (1964), for which she won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She was less active during the remainder of her career; two of her later film successes were as the mother of Frances Farmer in Frances (1982), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and as Pancho Barnes in The Right Stuff (1983). She received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Miniseries or a Movie for her performance as Big Mama in a television adaptation of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof in 1985. That same year, Kim Stanley was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brigham_Young_University_alumni", "title": "List of Brigham Young University alumni", "header": [ "Name", "Class year ( s )", "Degree ( s )", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "Aaron Skonnard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aaron_Skonnard", "summary": "Aaron Skonnard is an American businessman and the co-founder and CEO of Pluralsight . Skonnard founded the company in 2004 with Keith Brown , Fritz Onion , and Bill Williams , to provide online video training courses for software developers , IT administrators , and creative professionals . Since its founding , the company has developed a full enterprise platform , and as of November , 2017 , has received over $ 192 million in venture funding , and made several acquisitions ." } ] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." } ] }, { "value": "CEO and co-founder of Pluralsight", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pluralsight", "summary": "Pluralsight , Inc. is an American publicly held online education company that offers a variety of video training courses for software developers , IT administrators , and creative professionals through its website . Founded in 2004 by Aaron Skonnard , Keith Brown , Fritz Onion , and Bill Williams , the company has its headquarters in Farmington , Utah . As of July 2018 [ update ] , it uses more than 1,400 subject-matter experts as authors , and offers more than 6,500 courses in its catalog . Since first moving its courses online in 2007 , the company has expanded , developing a full enterprise platform , and adding skills assessment modules ." } ] }, { "value": "Bill Aho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bill_Aho", "summary": "Bill Aho is an American businessman who is a partner with The SagePoint Group , a management consulting firm . He is the former CEO of the movie-filtering company ClearPlay ." } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MBA ( Marriott )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MBA", "summary": "The Master of Business Administration ( MBA or M.B.A. ) degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific management . The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accounting , applied statistics , business communication , business ethics , business law , business strategy , finance , managerial economics , management , entrepreneurship , marketing , supply-chain management , and operations management in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy . Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area , for example accounting , finance , and marketing . MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to sixty credits ( sixty to ninety in a quarter system ) , much higher than the thirty credits ( thirty-six to forty-five in a quarter system ) typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics , Master of Finance , Master of Accountancy , Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management . The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree . Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education . Business schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time , part-time , executive ( abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends ) and distance learning students , many with specialized concentrations ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Former CEO of ClearPlay Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ClearPlay", "summary": "ClearPlay is a parental control streaming service that allows content filtering of ordinary movies , purchased or rented . It automatically skips over or mutes undesirable content such as profanity , graphic violence , nudity , drug and adult-oriented content ( although some certain content remains due to the nature of some movies ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Fraser Bullock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fraser_Bullock", "summary": "Fraser Bullock ( born 1954 in Barnwell , Alberta ) [ citation needed ] is an American entrepreneur who is the Managing Director of Sorenson Capital and former COO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) of the 2002 Winter Olympics . Prior to joining the SLOC , Bullock had run his own private equity firm . He graduated from Brigham Young University with a bachelor 's degree in 1978 and an MBA in 1980 . Since 2002 , Bullock has served on the board of directors of the Utah Athletic Foundation , the non-profit that manages the Utah Olympic Park , the Utah Olympic Oval in Salt Lake City and , to an extent , the Soldier Hollow Nordic venue . Bullock was among the founding members of Bain Capital and also worked at Bain & Company . Bullock has served in multiple positions in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) including as an area seventy . During the 2012 U.S. presidential election , he appeared in a Restore Our Future television ad supporting Republican Mitt Romney and touting Romney 's experience as head of the 2002 Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "1978 1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S . ( Marriott ) MBA ( Marriott )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/MBA", "summary": "The Master of Business Administration ( MBA or M.B.A. ) degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific management . The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accounting , applied statistics , business communication , business ethics , business law , business strategy , finance , managerial economics , management , entrepreneurship , marketing , supply-chain management , and operations management in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy . Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area , for example accounting , finance , and marketing . MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to sixty credits ( sixty to ninety in a quarter system ) , much higher than the thirty credits ( thirty-six to forty-five in a quarter system ) typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics , Master of Finance , Master of Accountancy , Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management . The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree . Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education . Business schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time , part-time , executive ( abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends ) and distance learning students , many with specialized concentrations ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Managing Director , Sorenson Capital ; former CEO of Salt Lake Olympic Committee", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M. Anthony Burns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/M._Anthony_Burns", "summary": "M. Anthony Burns ( born November 1 , 1942 ) is an American businessman and chairman emeritus of the board of directors of Ryder System , Inc. , an American-based provider of transportation and supply chain management products . He currently serves as managing owner/chairman of Red Ledges Land Development , Inc. in Heber City , Utah , and as a member of the boards of directors of Pfizer Inc. and Huntsman Corporation . He is a life trustee of the University of Miami Board of Trustees ." } ] }, { "value": "1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." } ] }, { "value": "Former President and CEO of Ryder Systems", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryder", "summary": "Ryder System , Inc. , commonly known as Ryder , is an American provider of transportation and supply chain management products , and is especially known for its fleet of rental trucks . Ryder specializes in fleet management , supply chain management , and dedicated contracted carriage . Ryder operates in North America , South America , Europe , the United Kingdom and Asia . It has its headquarters in suburban Miami , Florida within Miami-Dade County ." } ] }, { "value": "Dave Checketts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dave_Checketts", "summary": "David W. Checketts ( born 1956 ) is an American businessman . Checketts is the founder and chairman of SCP Worldwide . He also sits on the board of JetBlue Airways and was the founder/ owner of American soccer club Real Salt Lake . He was the CEO of Legends Hospitality , which operates One World Observatory . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MBA ( Marriott )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MBA", "summary": "The Master of Business Administration ( MBA or M.B.A. ) degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific management . The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accounting , applied statistics , business communication , business ethics , business law , business strategy , finance , managerial economics , management , entrepreneurship , marketing , supply-chain management , and operations management in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy . Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area , for example accounting , finance , and marketing . MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to sixty credits ( sixty to ninety in a quarter system ) , much higher than the thirty credits ( thirty-six to forty-five in a quarter system ) typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics , Master of Finance , Master of Accountancy , Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management . The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree . Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education . Business schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time , part-time , executive ( abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends ) and distance learning students , many with specialized concentrations ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Former president of Madison Square Garden ; former general manager of the Utah Jazz ; owner of the Major League Soccer franchise Real Salt Lake ; owner of the National Hockey League franchise St. Louis Blues", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden", "summary": "Madison Square Garden , colloquially known as The Garden or in initials as MSG , is a multi-purpose indoor arena in New York City . Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets , it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station . It is the fourth venue to bear the name Madison Square Garden ; the first two ( 1879 and 1890 ) were located on Madison Square , on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue , with the third Madison Square Garden ( 1925 ) further uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street . The Garden is used for professional ice hockey and basketball , as well as boxing , concerts , ice shows , circuses , professional wrestling and other forms of sports and entertainment . It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks , including the Empire State Building , Koreatown , and Macy 's at Herald Square . It is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and was home to the New York Liberty ( WNBA ) from 1997 to 2017 . Originally called Madison Square Garden Center , the Garden opened on February 11 , 1968 , and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area . It is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the National Basketball Association . In 2016 , MSG was the second-busiest music arena in the world in terms of ticket sales , behind The O2 Arena in London . Including two major renovations , its total construction cost is approximately $ 1.1 billion , and it has been ranked as one of the 10 most expensive stadium venues ever built . It is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex , named for the railway station . Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Utah_Jazz", "summary": "The Utah Jazz are an American professional basketball team based in Salt Lake City . The Jazz compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Western Conference , Northwest Division . Since 1991 , the team has played its home games at Vivint Smart Home Arena . The franchise began play as an expansion team in 1974 as the New Orleans Jazz ( as a tribute to New Orleans ' history of originating Jazz music ) . The Jazz moved to Salt Lake City in 1979 . The Jazz were one of the most successful teams in the league in their early years . Although 10 seasons elapsed before the Jazz qualified for their first playoff appearance in 1984 , they did not miss the playoffs again until 2004 . During the late 1980s , John Stockton and Karl Malone arose as the franchise players for the team , and formed one of the most famed point guard-power forward duos in NBA history . Led by coach Jerry Sloan , who took over from Frank Layden in 1988 , they became one of the powerhouse teams of the 1990s , culminating in two NBA Finals appearances in 1997 and 1998 , where they lost both times to the Chicago Bulls , led by Michael Jordan . Both Stockton and Malone moved on in 2003 . After missing the playoffs for three consecutive seasons the Jazz returned to prominence under the on-court leadership of point guard Deron Williams . However , partway through the 2010-11 season , the Jazz began restructuring after Sloan 's retirement and Williams ' trade to the New Jersey Nets ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Soccer", "summary": "Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is a men 's professional soccer league sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation which represents the sport 's highest level in the United States and Canada . The league comprises 26 teams - 23 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues in both countries . The league plans to expand to 30 teams with the additions of Austin FC and Charlotte in 2021 , then Sacramento Republic FC and a St. Louis franchise in 2022 . The regular season starts in late February or early March and goes through mid-October , with each team playing 34 games ; the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters ' Shield . Fourteen teams compete in the postseason MLS Cup Playoffs through October and November , culminating in the championship game , the MLS Cup . MLS teams also play in domestic competitions against teams from other divisions in the U.S. Open Cup and in the Canadian Championship . MLS teams also compete against continental rivals in the CONCACAF Champions League . With an average attendance of over 20,000 per game , MLS has the third highest average attendance of any sports league in the U.S. after the National Football League ( NFL ) and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , and is the seventh highest attended professional soccer league worldwide . Major League Soccer was founded in 1993 as part of the United States ' successful bid to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup . The first season took place in 1996 with ten teams . MLS experienced financial and operational struggles in its first few years : the league lost millions of dollars , teams played in mostly empty American football stadiums , and two teams folded in 2002 . Since then , MLS has expanded to 26 teams , soccer-specific stadiums have proliferated around the league , average attendance exceeds that of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , the Designated Player Rule allows teams to sign star players such as David Beckham , MLS secured national TV contracts , and the league is now profitable ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Real_Salt_Lake", "summary": "Real Salt Lake ( /riːˈæl/ ) , also known as RSL , is an American professional soccer franchise that competes as a member club of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) Western Conference . RSL began play in 2005 as an expansion team of the league . The club was founded in 2004 when the club 's first owner and founder was awarded an expansion berth in Major League Soccer . The club plays its home games at Rio Tinto Stadium , a soccer-specific stadium located in the Salt Lake City suburb of Sandy , Utah , which they share with their sister team , Utah Royals FC . Before moving to Rio Tinto , RSL played home games at Rice-Eccles Stadium , located on the campus of the University of Utah , from 2005-2007 . The team is currently led by interim head coach Freddy Juarez . In domestic soccer , Real Salt Lake won the 2009 MLS Cup , the Supporters Shield in 2010 , and the 2013 edition of the U.S. Open Cup . They were runners-up in the 2013 MLS Cup . The franchise regional success to date was in the 2010-11 CONCACAF Champions League , where RSL finished runners-up in the tournament becoming the first American club , since the CONCACAF Champions League format was introduced in 2008 , to advance to the final stage of the tournament . Their fully owned USL affiliate , Real Monarchs , won the 2019 USL Championship , the second division title in American soccer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/National_Hockey_League", "summary": "The National Hockey League ( NHL ; French : Ligue nationale de hockey - LNH ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America , currently comprising 31 teams : 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada . The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world , and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . The Stanley Cup , the oldest professional sports trophy in North America , is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season . The National Hockey League was organized on November 26 , 1917 , at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization , the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) , which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew , Ontario . The NHL immediately took the NHA 's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and foldings left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926 . At its inception , the NHL had four teams - all in Canada , thus the adjective National in the league 's name . The league expanded to the United States in 1924 , when the Boston Bruins joined , and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams . From 1942 to 1967 , the league had only six teams , collectively ( if not contemporaneously ) nicknamed the Original Six . The NHL added six new teams to double its size at the 1967 NHL expansion . The league then increased to 18 teams by 1974 and 21 teams in 1979 . Between 1991 and 2000 , the NHL further expanded to 30 teams . It added its 31st team in 2017 and has approved the addition of a 32nd team in 2021 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/St._Louis_Blues", "summary": "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ." } ] }, { "value": "Jonathan C. Coon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jonathan_C._Coon", "summary": "Jonathan C. Coon is an American businessman who is the CEO and co-founder of 1-800 Contacts . He received his B.A . in Advertising and Public Relations in 1994 from Brigham Young University . While a student there , Coon created a small business selling contact lenses to other students . In 1995 , his business model helped him win the 1995 Business Plan Competition hosted by BYU 's Marriott School of Management , which awarded him capital to help grow his business ( originally named 1-800-LENS-NOW ) into 1-800 Contacts . Coon is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Coon was the recipient of the 2000 Ernst & Young National Entrepreneur of the Year Award and served on the Utah Valley State College Board of Trustees . He is also a founding member of the BYU Center for Entrepreneurship ." } ] }, { "value": "1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts", "summary": "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ." } ] }, { "value": "CEO and co-founder of 1-800 Contacts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1-800_Contacts", "summary": "1-800 Contacts Inc. is an American contact lens retailer based in Draper , Utah . The brands that 1-800 Contacts use includes Johnson & Johnson Vision Care , Ciba Vision , Bausch & Lomb and CooperVision . In 2006 , its last year as a public company , the company reported net sales of US $ 247 million ." } ] }, { "value": "Stephen Covey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stephen_Covey", "summary": "Stephen Richards Covey ( October 24 , 1932 - July 16 , 2012 ) was an American educator , author , businessman , and keynote speaker . His most popular book is The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People . His other books include First Things First , Principle-Centered Leadership , The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families , The 8th Habit , and The Leader In Me - How Schools and Parents Around the World Are Inspiring Greatness , One Child at a Time . In 1996 , Time magazine named him one of the 25 most influential people . He was a professor at the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business at Utah State University at the time of his death ." } ] }, { "value": "1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DRE", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Doctor_of_Religious_Education", "summary": "This is the list of the fields of doctoral studies in the United States used for the annual Survey of Earned Doctorates , conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago for the National Science Foundation and other federal agencies , as used for the 2015 survey . These are fields of research-oriented doctoral studies , leading mostly to PhDs - in the academic year 2014-15 , 98% of the 55,006 research doctorates awarded in the U.S. were PhDs ; 1.1% were EdDs ; 0.9% were other research doctorates . Professional degrees , though they are also considered doctorates ( earned , not honorary ) , and do entitle the holder to call themselves Doctor , such as MD , DDS , DVM , JD , DPharm , DMin and PsyD , are not included in the survey ." } ] }, { "value": "Author of New York Times bestseller The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People , listed in Time magazine 's Top 25 most influential Americans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Times_Best_Seller_List", "summary": "The New York Times Best Seller list is widely considered the preeminent list of best-selling books in the United States . Published weekly in The New York Times Book Review , the best-seller list has been published in the Times since October 12 , 1931 . In recent years it has evolved into multiple lists in different categories , broken down by fiction and non-fiction , hardcover , paperback , and electronic , and different genres . The list is based on a proprietary method that use sales figures , other data and internal guidelines that are unpublished - how the Times compiles the list is a trade secret . In 1983 ( as part of a legal argument ) the Times stated that the list is not mathematically objective but rather editorial content . In 2017 , a Times representative said that the goal is that the lists reflect authentic best sellers . The list has been the source of controversy over the years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Seven_Habits_of_Highly_Effective_People", "summary": "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People , first published in 1989 , is a business and self-help book written by Stephen Covey . Covey presents an approach to being effective in attaining goals by aligning oneself to what he calls true north principles based on a character ethic that he presents as universal and timeless . Covey defines effectiveness as the balance of obtaining desirable results with caring for that which produces those results . He illustrates this by referring to the fable of the goose that laid the golden eggs . He further claims that effectiveness can be expressed in terms of the P/PC ratio , where P refers to getting desired results and PC is caring for that which produces the results . Covey 's best-known book has sold more than 25 million copies worldwide since its first publication . The audio version became the first non-fiction audio-book in U.S. publishing history to sell more than one million copies . Covey argues against what he calls the personality ethic , that he sees as prevalent in many modern self-help books . He promotes what he labels the character ethic : aligning one 's values with so-called universal and timeless principles . In doing this , Covey is deliberately and mindfully separating principles and values . He sees principles as external natural laws , while values remain internal and subjective . Our values govern our behavior , while principles ultimately determine the consequences ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Time_(magazine)", "summary": "Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City . It was founded in 1923 and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder Henry Luce . A European edition ( Time Europe , formerly known as Time Atlantic ) is published in London and also covers the Middle East , Africa , and , since 2003 , Latin America . An Asian edition ( Time Asia ) is based in Hong Kong . The South Pacific edition , which covers Australia , New Zealand , and the Pacific Islands , is based in Sydney . In December 2008 , Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition . Time has the world 's largest circulation for a weekly news magazine . The print edition has a readership of 26 million , 20 million of whom are based in the United States . In mid-2012 , its circulation was over 3 million , which fell to 2 million by late 2017 . Formerly published by Time Inc. , since November 2018 Time has been published by TIME USA , LLC , owned by Marc Benioff who acquired it from Meredith Corporation two months earlier ." } ] }, { "value": "Gary Crittenden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gary_Crittenden", "summary": "Gary Lewis Crittenden ( born 1953 ) is an American financial manager . He is currently an Executive Director of HGGC , where previously served as CEO and Chairman . He is also the former chairman of Citi Holdings . He has served on the boards of Staples Inc. , Ryerson , Inc. , TJX Companies , and Utah Capital Investment Corp. From 2000 to 2007 , Crittenden was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer ( CFO ) of American Express , and from March 2007 to March 2009 , he was the chief financial officer of Citigroup ." } ] }, { "value": "1967", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S . ( Marriott )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "CFO of Citigroup Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Citigroup", "summary": "Citigroup Inc. or Citi ( stylized as citi ) is an American multinational investment bank and financial services corporation headquartered in New York City . The company was formed by the merger of banking giant Citicorp and financial conglomerate Travelers Group in 1998 ; Travelers was subsequently spun off from the company in 2002 . Citigroup owns Citicorp , the holding company for Citibank , as well as several international subsidiaries . Citi is incorporated in NY . Citigroup is ranked 3rd on the list of largest banks in the United States and , alongside JPMorgan Chase , Bank of America , and Wells Fargo , it is one of the Big Four banks of the United States . It is a systemically important financial institution and is on the list of systemically important banks that think they are too big to fail . It is one of the nine global investment banks in the Bulge Bracket . Citigroup is ranked 30th on the Fortune 500 as of 2019 . Citigroup has over 200 million customer accounts and does business in more than 160 countries . It has 214,000 employees , although it had 357,000 employees before the financial crisis of 2007-2008 , when it was rescued via a massive stimulus package by the U.S. government ." } ] }, { "value": "Richard Culatta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_Culatta", "summary": "Richard E. Culatta is the CEO of the International Society for Technology in Education ( ISTE ) . Prior to holding this position , he was the chief innovation officer for the state of Rhode Island and the director of the Office of Educational Technology for the U.S. Department of Education ." } ] }, { "value": "2003 2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.A . M.S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts", "summary": "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Master_of_Science", "summary": "A Master of Science ( Latin : Magister Scientiae ; abbreviated MS , M.S. , MSc , M.Sc. , SM , S.M. , ScM or Sc.M . ) is a master 's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree . In contrast to the Master of Arts degree , the Master of Science degree is typically granted for studies in sciences , engineering and medicine and is usually for programs that are more focused on scientific and mathematical subjects ; however , different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the humanities and social sciences . While it ultimately depends upon the specific program , earning a Master of Science degree typically includes writing a thesis ." } ] }, { "value": "CEO of the International Society for Technology in Education", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/International_Society_for_Technology_in_Education", "summary": "The International Society for Technology in Education ( ISTE ) is a nonprofit organization that serves educators interested in the use of technology in education . ISTE serves more than 100,000 education stakeholders throughout the world through individual and organizational membership and support services . ISTE provides educational technology resources to support professional learning for educators and education leaders , including the ISTE Conference & Expo - a worldwide comprehensive ed tech event , and the widely adopted ISTE Standards for learning , teaching and leading with technology . ISTE also provides a suite of professional learning resources to members , including webinars , online courses , consulting services , books , and peer-reviewed journals and publications ." } ] }, { "value": "Sheri L. Dew", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sheri_L._Dew", "summary": "Sheri Linn Dew ( born November 21 , 1953 ) is an American author , publisher , the executive vice president of Deseret Management Corporation , and chief executive officer of the Deseret Book Company , headquartered in Salt Lake City , Utah . Dew has also been a religious leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and an inspirational speaker . In 2003 , she was described as the most prominent single [ unmarried ] LDS woman right now . Deseret Book Company owns two retail chains ( Deseret Book and Seagull ) , two publishing companies ( Deseret Book and Covenant ) , an events division ( Time Out for Women ) , a digital division , a magazine ( LDS Living ) and a film-distribution company ( Excel ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1967", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts", "summary": "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ." } ] }, { "value": "CEO of Deseret Book , author", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deseret_Book", "summary": "Deseret Book ( /ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ( listen ) ) is an American publishing company headquartered in Salt Lake City , Utah , that also operates a chain of bookstores throughout the western United States . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation , the holding company for business firms owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Deseret Book is a for-profit corporation registered in Utah . Deseret Book publishes under four imprints with media ranging from works explaining LDS theology and doctrine , LDS-related fiction , electronic resources , and sound recordings such as Mormon Tabernacle Choir albums ." } ] }, { "value": "Josh James", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Josh_James", "summary": "Josh James is an American entrepreneur , founder and CEO of Domo , a software-as-a-service ( SaaS ) company . He also previously co-founded and served as CEO of Omniture , a web analytics company ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "( never graduated )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Founder and CEO of Domo ; co-founder and former CEO of Omniture", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Domo_(company)", "summary": "Domo , Inc. is a cloud software company based in American Fork , Utah , United States . It specializes in business intelligence tools and data visualization ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Omniture", "summary": "Omniture is an online marketing and web analytics business unit in Orem , Utah . It was acquired by Adobe Systems in 2009 . Until 2011 , Omniture operated as a business unit within Adobe as the Omniture Business Unit , but as of 2012 Adobe began retiring the Omniture name as former Omniture products were integrated into the Adobe Marketing Cloud ." } ] }, { "value": "Rex Maughan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rex_Maughan", "summary": "Rex G. Maughan is an American businessman . He is the founder , president , and chief executive officer of Forever Living Products , a multi-level marketing company that sells aloe vera and bee hive-based cosmetics and other personal products ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "( transferred to ASU before graduating )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_University", "summary": "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ." } ] }, { "value": "Founder , president and CEO of Forever Living Products", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forever_Living_Products", "summary": "Forever Living Products International , Inc. ( FLPI ) is an American privately held multi-level marketing ( MLM ) company based in Scottsdale , Arizona , which manufactures and markets aloe vera-based drinks and bee-derived cosmetics , dietary supplements , and personal care products . The company was founded in 1978 by CEO Rex Maughan . After acquiring the company Aloe Vera of America by the 1990s , the company reported a network of 9.3 million distributors and revenue of $ 1.7 billion in 2010 , and in 2006 they reported having 4,100 employees ." } ] }, { "value": "Darl McBride", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darl_McBride", "summary": "Darl Charles McBride ( born 1959 ) is an entrepreneur and CEO of Shout TV Inc. McBride is best known as the former CEO of The SCO Group . On March 7 , 2003 , during McBride 's tenure as CEO of the company , The SCO Group initiated litigation ( SCO v. IBM ) against IBM , alleging breach of contract and copyright infringement claims connected to Unix . The case is considered one of the top 10 technology battles of all time . SCO Group lost in a series of court battles , and was eventually forced into bankruptcy ." } ] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." } ] }, { "value": "CEO of The SCO Group", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SCO_Group", "summary": "SCO , The SCO Group , and The TSG Group are the various names of an American software company that became known for acquiring the Santa Cruz Operation 's Server Software and Services divisions , and UnixWare and OpenServer technologies , and then , under CEO Darl McBride , pursuing a series of legal battles known as the SCO-Linux controversies . The SCO Group began in 2002 with a renaming of Caldera International , accompanied by Darl McBride becoming CEO and a major change in business strategy and direction . The company was part of the Canopy Group , but became independent in March 2005 , after the settlement of a lawsuit between the Noorda family and a chairman of the group , Ralph Yarro , also former CEO of the Canopy Group . As part of the settlement , Canopy transferred all of its shares to Yarro . In January 2004 , their website , www.sco.com , was attacked by the Mydoom computer virus , which took down the website for 2 weeks using a DDoS attack . In September 2007 , SCO filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection . In April 2011 , UnXis , Inc. ( currently Xinuos ) bought The SCO Group , Inc. operating assets and intellectual property rights after having been approved by the bankruptcy court in Delaware . The SCO Group , Inc. then renamed itself TSG Group , Inc . In August 2012 , TSG Group , Inc. filed to convert from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection to Chapter 7 stating There is no reasonable chance of rehabilitation . On June 14 , 2013 , Judge David Nuffer ruled on SCO v. IBM motions , granting SCO 's motion for reconsideration and reopening the case ." } ] }, { "value": "Bill Nelson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_H._Nelson", "summary": "William H. Nelson is an American businessman who is the former CEO of Intermountain Health Care . He received his B.S . in Accounting from the Marriott School of Management , Brigham Young University , in 1967 . He was also the first recipient of the National Healthcare Leadership Award . William H. Nelson served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Intermountain Healthcare , an integrated nonprofit healthcare system with 160 healthcare facilities , including hospitals , clinics and an insurance organization , from 1999 until his retirement in early 2009 . Nationally acclaimed Intermountain Healthcare is the largest healthcare provider in the intermountain west , with over 33,000 employees serving the needs of Utah and southeastern Idaho residents . Nelson also served as the Chief Operating Officer of Intermountain Healthcare from 1995 to 1998 and as the Chief Financial Officer from 1976 to 1995 . He has served on the boards of the Utah Symphony & Opera , Beneficial Life Insurance , United Way of the Greater Salt Lake Area and the Healthcare Research and Development Institute . Nelson received his Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Brigham Young University and his MBA from the University of Southern California . Nelson is a somewhat accidental health-system executive . He was born in Cedar City , raised in California where surfing was a daily delight , and attended Brigham Young University , where he met his wife-to-be , Christine Miles . He earned his degree in accounting , then did graduate work at the University of Southern California , before serving an LDS Church mission to Italy ." } ] }, { "value": "1967", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S . ( Marriott )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Former CEO of Intermountain Health Care", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Intermountain_Health_Care", "summary": "Intermountain Healthcare is a not-for-profit healthcare system and is the largest healthcare provider in the Intermountain West of the United States . Intermountain Healthcare provides hospital and other medical services in Utah and Idaho and also offers integrated managed care under the insurance brand SelectHealth . Intermountain Healthcare is headquartered in Salt Lake City , Utah , and has some 37,000 employees ." } ] }, { "value": "Brady Nelson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brady_Nelson", "summary": "Brady Nelson is an American businessman who is the former majority owner of the professional Arena Football League team Spokane Shock . He received his B.S . in Business Management in 2002 from the Brigham Young University Marriott School of Management . While a student there , Nelson created Regal Satellite and Security . In April 2005 , shortly after graduating from BYU , Nelson with friends Adam Nebeker and Eric Enloe created the Spokane Shock with Nelson as majority owner ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S . ( Marriott )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Majority owner of Spokane Shock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spokane_Shock", "summary": "The Spokane Shock are a professional indoor American football team based in Spokane , Washington , playing their home games at the Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena . The team was initially a member of arenafootball2 ( af2 ) , the Shock won division titles in all four seasons and ArenaCups in 2006 and 2009 before they joined the Arena Football League ( AFL ) in its 2010 relaunch . The team advanced to the playoffs three times after joining the AFL , winning ArenaBowl XXIII in their first season , making them the only arena football franchise to win both the ArenaCup and the ArenaBowl . The AFL franchise was folded in October 2015 and the ownership group obtained a franchise in the Indoor Football League ( IFL ) , known as the Spokane Empire , as the rights to the Shock name still belonged to the AFL . They played in the IFL as the Empire for the 2016 and 2017 seasons . On July 12 , 2017 , owner Nader Naini announced that the Empire would cease operations , citing financial issues . About a year after the Empire folded , Naini claims to have traded the Empire branding to the AFL for the original Shock trademarks . In 2019 , former Seattle Seahawks ' player Sam Adams announced he was relaunching the team for the 2020 season . Adams had obtained the trademarks of the Shock name from Naini and re-joined the Indoor Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Kevin Rollins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kevin_Rollins", "summary": "Kevin Barney Rollins ( born November 15 , 1952 ) is an American businessman and philanthropist . The former President and CEO of Dell Inc. , in 2006 Rollins was named by London 's CBR as the 9th Most Influential person in the Enterprise IT sector . Rollins was born and raised in Utah and met his wife Debra while attending Brigham Young University ( BYU ) . While at BYU , Rollins earned a bachelors in Humanities and Civil Engineering in 1983 and an MBA a year later . Before joining Dell in April 1996 , Rollins was vice president and partner of Bain & Company where he specialized in strategies and management for high technology and consumer product clients . He helped develop strategies that propelled Dell into a commanding position in the direct selling of computer systems in the United States . Rollins became the chairman of the American Enterprise Institute 's Board of Trustees on January 1 , 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "1983 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.A . MBA ( Marriott )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts", "summary": "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ." }, { "url": "/wiki/MBA", "summary": "The Master of Business Administration ( MBA or M.B.A. ) degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific management . The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accounting , applied statistics , business communication , business ethics , business law , business strategy , finance , managerial economics , management , entrepreneurship , marketing , supply-chain management , and operations management in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy . Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area , for example accounting , finance , and marketing . MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to sixty credits ( sixty to ninety in a quarter system ) , much higher than the thirty credits ( thirty-six to forty-five in a quarter system ) typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics , Master of Finance , Master of Accountancy , Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management . The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree . Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education . Business schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time , part-time , executive ( abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends ) and distance learning students , many with specialized concentrations ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management", "summary": "The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Former President and CEO of Dell Computers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dell_Computers", "summary": "Dell Inc. , which operates under the brand name Dell , is an American multinational computer technology company that develops , sells , repairs , and supports computers and related products and services . Named after its founder , Michael Dell , the company is one of the largest technological corporations in the world , employing more than 145,000 people in the U.S. and around the world ( Annual report 2018 ) . Dell sells personal computers ( PCs ) , servers , data storage devices , network switches , software , computer peripherals , HDTVs , cameras , printers , MP3 players , and electronics built by other manufacturers . The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce , particularly its direct-sales model and its build-to-order or configure to order approach to manufacturing - delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications . Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence , but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems , Dell entered the market for IT services . The company has since made additional acquisitions in storage and networking systems , with the aim of expanding their portfolio from offering computers only to delivering complete solutions [ buzzword ] for enterprise customers . Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list , until 2014 . After going private in 2013 , the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune . In 2015 , it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and HP . Dell is the largest shipper of PC monitors worldwide . Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue , according to Fortune magazine . It is the second largest non-oil company in Texas - behind AT & T - and the largest company in the Greater Austin area ." } ] }, { "value": "Mitt Romney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mitt_Romney", "summary": "Willard Mitt Romney ( born March 12 , 1947 ) is an American politician and businessman who has served as the junior United States senator from Utah since January 2019 . He previously served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party 's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election . Raised in Bloomfield Hills , Michigan , by his parents , George and Lenore Romney , he spent over two years from 1966 in France as a Mormon missionary . He married Ann Davies in 1969 , and they have five sons . By 1971 , he had participated in the political campaigns of both parents . Romney earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1971 and a joint JD-MBA from Harvard University in 1975 . Romney became a management consultant and in 1977 joined Bain & Company in Boston . As Bain 's chief executive officer ( CEO ) , he later helped lead the company out of a financial crisis . In 1984 , he co-founded and led the spin-off company Bain Capital , a highly profitable private equity investment firm that became one of the largest of its kind in the nation . Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) throughout his adult life , Romney served as bishop of his ward and later as a stake president near Boston . After stepping down from Bain Capital and his local leadership role in the LDS Church , Romney ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 United States Senate election in Massachusetts . After losing to longtime incumbent Ted Kennedy , he resumed his position at Bain Capital ." } ] }, { "value": "1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.A . ( valedictorian )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts", "summary": "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Valedictorian", "summary": "Valedictorian is an academic title of success used in the United States , Canada , Philippines , and Armenia , ( and elsewhere in limited number of schools ) for the student who delivers the closing or farewell statement at a graduation ceremony ( called a valediction ) . The chosen valedictorian is traditionally the student with the highest ranking ( highest Grade Point Average , or GPA ) among their graduating class . The term is an Anglicised derivation of the Latin vale dicere ( to say farewell ) , historically rooted in the valedictorian 's traditional role as the final speaker at the graduation ceremony before the students receive their diplomas . The valedictory address generally is considered a final farewell to classmates , before they disperse to pursue their individual paths after graduating . In Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Ireland and India the title valedictorian is not used frequently . In Australia , the title is sometimes awarded to a member of a graduating university class on the basis of contribution to the school rather than academic success . The highest-ranking student in a graduating class is often referred to as dux ( Latin for leader ) , and may or may not give a speech . In France the term Major de promotion ( first in class ) is used , although the term is not related to any ceremonial role , as there are rarely graduation ceremonies in schools or universities ." } ] }, { "value": "Founder of Bain Capital ; former CEO of Bain & Company and the 2002 Winter Olympics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bain_Capital", "summary": "Bain Capital ( stylized as BainCapital ) is an American private investment firm based in Boston , Massachusetts . It specializes in private equity , venture capital , credit , public equity , impact investing , life sciences , and real estate . Bain Capital invests across a range of industry sectors and geographic regions . As of 2018 , the firm managed more than $ 105 billion of investor capital . The firm was founded in 1984 by partners from the consulting firm Bain & Company . Since inception it has invested in or acquired hundreds of companies including AMC Theatres , Artisan Entertainment , Aspen Education Group , Brookstone , Burger King , Burlington Coat Factory , Canada Goose , DIC Entertainment , Domino 's Pizza , DoubleClick , Dunkin ' Donuts , D & M Holdings , Guitar Center , Hospital Corporation of America ( HCA ) , iHeartMedia , KB Toys , Sealy , Sports Authority , Staples , Toys R Us , Warner Music Group , Fingerhut , The Weather Channel , and Apple Leisure Group , which includes AMResorts and Apple Vacations . As of 2018 , Bain Capital employed more than 1,000 people . [ better source needed ] Bain Capital is headquartered at 200 Clarendon Street in Boston , Massachusetts with offices in North America , Europe , Asia , and Australia . The company , and its actions during its first 15 years , became the subject of political and media scrutiny as a result of co-founder Mitt Romney 's later political career , especially his 2012 presidential campaign ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bain_&_Company", "summary": "Bain & Company is an American management consultancy headquartered in Boston , Massachusetts . One of the Big Three management consultancies ( MBB ) , it is seen as one of the most prestigious employers in the industry . The firm provides advice to public , private , and non-profit organizations . Widely praised for its corporate culture , Bain & Company has been ranked # 1 in Glassdoor 's Best Places to Work awards a record-setting four times ( 2012 , 2014 , 2017 , 2019 ) . Bain & Company was founded in 1973 by former Group Vice President of Boston Consulting Group William Bain Jr. and his colleagues including Patrick F. Graham . In the late 70s and early 80s the firm grew rapidly in the international business world . Bill Bain later spun off the alternative investment business into Bain Capital in 1984 and appointed Mitt Romney as its first CEO . Bain experienced several setbacks and financial troubles from 1987 to the early 1990s . Romney and Orit Gadiesh are credited with returning the firm to profitability and growth in their sequential roles as the firm 's CEO and Chairman respectively . In the 2000s , Bain & Company continued to expand and create additional practice areas focused on working with non-profits , technology companies , and others . It developed a substantial practice around working with private equity firms ." }, { "url": "/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ." } ] }, { "value": "Blake Roney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Blake_Roney", "summary": "Blake M. Roney is the founder and former chairman of Nu Skin Enterprises . He founded the company in 1984 and is also a trustee of the Force for Good Foundation . He took leave from Nu Skin Enterprises in 2012 to serve as a Mission President for the LDS church in France ." } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B.S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science", "summary": "A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field ." } ] }, { "value": "Founder and former chairman of Nu Skin Enterprises", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nu_Skin_Enterprises", "summary": "Under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex brands , the company develops and sells more than 200 personal care products marketed as helping people look and feel younger . In the late 1990s , Nu Skin invested in Big Planet , a multilevel marketing company selling Internet services . The New York Times noted that Big Planet appeared to recruit people even if they have little knowledge of the technology that they are supposed to be selling . A representative of the company stated : I believe people who have never touched a computer before can become hugely wealthy in this business . In 1998 , Nu Skin acquired Generation Health , the parent company of the dietary supplement company Pharmanex . The company owns a patent on a device developed by Pharmanex called a BioPhotonic Scanner , which is designed to measure the carotenoid level in skin . According to Women 's Health Letter , the device is a scam since it is designed merely to help sell more supplements : Nu Skin 's 2002 annual report stated : As customers track their skin carotenoid content , we believe they will be motivated to consistently consume LifePak for longer periods of time . In 2009 , Nu Skin began working with LifeGen Technologies , a genomics company based in Madison , Wisconsin . Nu Skin acquired LifeGen in December 2011 . NuSkins claims LifeGen 's genetic database aided in the development of Nu Skin 's products , launching the ageLOC brand ." } ] }, { "value": "Nathan Gwilliam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nathan_Gwilliam", "summary": "Nathan W. Gwilliam is an entrepreneur , who is the founder CEO of Adoption.com , which is the world 's most-used adoption site , founded in 1997 . Gwilliam has been inducted into the Adoption Hall of Fame by Family Services & Families Supporting Adoption in 2007 and was awarded the U.S. Congressional Coalition 's Angels in Adoption award in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MBA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration", "summary": "The Master of Business Administration ( MBA or M.B.A. ) degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific management . The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accounting , applied statistics , business communication , business ethics , business law , business strategy , finance , managerial economics , management , entrepreneurship , marketing , supply-chain management , and operations management in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy . Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area , for example accounting , finance , and marketing . MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to sixty credits ( sixty to ninety in a quarter system ) , much higher than the thirty credits ( thirty-six to forty-five in a quarter system ) typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics , Master of Finance , Master of Accountancy , Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management . The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree . Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education . Business schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time , part-time , executive ( abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends ) and distance learning students , many with specialized concentrations ." } ] }, { "value": "Founder & CEO of Adoption.com", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Business and finance", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Brigham_Young_University_alumni_3", "intro": "This list of Brigham Young University alumni includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Brigham Young University (BYU), a private, coeducational research university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is the oldest existing institution within the LDS Church Educational System, is America's largest religious university, and has the second-largest private university enrollment in the United States. Approximately 98% of the 34,000 students at BYU are Mormon; two-thirds of its American students come from outside the state of Utah. In addition to its undergraduate program, BYU offers graduate degrees in 47 departments and includes two professional schools: the Marriott School of Management and the J. Reuben Clark Law School. BYU has approximately 370,000 living alumni. Over 26 BYU graduates have served in the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, such as former Dean of the U.S. Senate Reed Smoot (class of 1876). Cabinet members of American presidents include former United States Secretary of Agriculture to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ezra Taft Benson '26 and Rex E. Lee '60, who was U.S. Solicitor General under President Ronald Reagan. Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts and 2008 and 2012 Republican presidential nominee, was valedictorian of his class in 1971. [citation needed]\n BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, current Vice President of Yale, Scott Strobel '87, and Michael K. Young '73, President of Texas A&M University and former President of the University of Washington. The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Seven of BYU's twelve presidents were alumni of the University." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_France", "title": "List of cathedrals in France", "header": [ "Cathedral", "Archdiocese or Diocese", "Location", "Dedication", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Basse-Terre Cathedral Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Guadeloupe de Basse-Terre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Basse-Terre_Cathedral", "summary": "Basse-Terre Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Guadeloupe de Basse-Terre ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe and a national monument of France , located in the town of Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe ." } ] }, { "value": "Basse-Terre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diocese_of_Basse-Terre", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Basse-Terre and Pointe-à-Pitre ( Latin : Dioecesis Imae Telluris et Petrirostrensis ; French : Diocèse de Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre ) , more simply known as the Diocese of Basse-Terre , is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Caribbean . The diocese comprises the entirety of the French overseas department of Guadeloupe , one of the Leeward Lesser Antilles . It is also responsible for parishes in the small overseas departments of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin . The diocese is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Fort-de-France , and both are members of the Antilles Episcopal Conference . Its cathedral , dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe ( the island 's eponymous 'Mexican ' patron saint ) , which has the status of a minor basilica , is hence known as the Basilique-Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Guadeloupe de Basse-Terre or the Basse-Terre Cathedral ." } ] }, { "value": "Guadeloupe , Basse-Terre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guadeloupe", "summary": "Guadeloupe ( /ˌɡwɑːdəˈluːp/ , French : [ ɡwad ( ə ) lup ] ( listen ) ; Antillean Creole : Gwadloup ) is an archipelago forming an overseas region of France in the Caribbean . It consists of six inhabited islands , Basse-Terre , Grande-Terre , Marie-Galante , La Désirade , and the Îles des Saintes , as well as many uninhabited islands and outcroppings . It lies south of Antigua and Barbuda and Montserrat , and north of Dominica . Its capital is Basse-Terre on the west coast ; however , the largest city is Pointe-à-Pitre . Like the other overseas departments , it is an integral part of France . As a constituent territory of the European Union and the Eurozone , the euro is its official currency and any European Union citizen is free to settle and work there indefinitely . As an overseas department , however , it is not part of the Schengen Area . The official language is French ; Antillean Creole is also spoken ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Basse-Terre", "summary": "Basse-Terre ( French pronunciation : ​ [ bɑstɛʁ ] ) is a French commune in the Guadaloupe department of France in the Lesser Antilles . It is also the prefecture ( capital city ) of Guadeloupe . The city of Basse-Terre is located on Basse-Terre Island , the western half of Guadeloupe . Although it is the administrative capital , Basse-Terre is only the second largest city in Guadeloupe behind Pointe-à-Pitre . Together with its urban area it had 44,864 inhabitants in 2012 ( 11,534 of whom lived in the city of Basse-Terre proper ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Our Lady of Guadeloupe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadeloupe", "summary": "Our Lady of Guadalupe ( Spanish : Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe ) , also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe ( Spanish : Virgen de Guadalupe ) and La Morenita ( The Brown Lady ) , is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a Marian apparition and a venerated image enshrined within the Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City . The basilica is the most visited Catholic pilgrimage site in the world , and the world 's third most-visited sacred site . Pope Leo XIII granted the venerated image a canonical coronation on 12 October 1895 ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral , minor basilica", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cayenne Cathedral Cathédrale Saint-Sauveur de Cayenne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cayenne_Cathedral", "summary": "Cayenne Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Saint-Sauveur de Cayenne ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral , seat of the Diocese of Cayenne . It is a national monument of France , located in the town of Cayenne , capital of French Guiana ." } ] }, { "value": "Cayenne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diocese_of_Cayenne", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Cayenne ( Latin : Dioecesis Caiennensis ; French : Diocèse de Cayenne ) ( erected 1651 , as the Prefecture Apostolic of French Guiana-Cayenne ) is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Fort-de-France . It was elevated on to the Vicariate Apostolic of French Guiana-Cayenne on 10 January 1933 and to the Diocese of Cayenne on 29 February 1956 . The seat of the bishop is in Cayenne Cathedral ." } ] }, { "value": "French Guiana , Cayenne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/French_Guiana", "summary": "French Guiana ( /ɡiˈɑːnə/ or /ɡiˈænə/ ; French : Guyane [ ɡɥijan ] ) is an overseas department and region of the French Republic on the northern Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas . It borders Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west . French Guiana is the only territory of the mainland Americas to have full integration in a European country . With a land area of 83,534 km2 ( 32,253 sq mi ) , French Guiana is the second-largest region of France ( it is more than one-seventh the size of Metropolitan France ) and the largest outermost region within the European Union . It has a very low population density , with only 3.6 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 9.3/sq mi ) . ( Its population is less than 1/200 the population of Metropolitan France . ) Half of its 296,711 inhabitants in 2019 lived in the metropolitan area of Cayenne , its capital . 98.9% of the land territory of French Guiana is covered by forests , a large part of which is primeval rainforest . The Guiana Amazonian Park , which is the largest national park in the European Union , covers 41% of French Guiana 's territory . Since December 2015 both the region and the department have been ruled by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity , the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity ( French : collectivité territoriale de Guyane ) . This assembly , the French Guiana Assembly ( French : assemblée de Guyane ) , has replaced the former regional council and departmental council , which were both disbanded . The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cayenne", "summary": "Cayenne ( /keɪˈɛn/ ; French pronunciation : ​ [ kajɛn ] ) is the capital city of French Guiana , an overseas region and department of France located in South America . The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast . The city 's motto is fert aurum industria , which means work brings wealth . At the 2016 census , there were 137,964 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Cayenne ( as defined by INSEE ) , 60,580 of whom lived in the city ( commune ) of Cayenne proper ." } ] }, { "value": "Holy Saviour", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Holy_Saviour", "summary": "Two names and a variety of titles are used to refer to Jesus in the New Testament . In Christianity , the two names Jesus and Emmanuel that refer to Jesus in the New Testament have salvific attributes . After the crucifixion of Jesus the early Church did not simply repeat his messages , but focused on him , proclaimed him , and tried to understand and explain his message . One element of the process of understanding and proclaiming Jesus was the attribution of titles to him . Some of the titles that were gradually used in the early Church and then appeared in the New Testament were adopted from the Jewish context of the age , while others were selected to refer to , and underscore the message , mission and teachings of Jesus . In time , some of these titles gathered significant Christological significance . Christians have attached theological significance to the Holy Name of Jesus . The use of the name of Jesus in petitions is stressed in John 16:23 when Jesus states : If you ask the Father anything in my name he will give it you . There is widespread belief among Christians that the name Jesus is not merely a sequence of identifying symbols but includes intrinsic divine power ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort-de-France Cathedral Cathédrale Saint-Louis de Fort-de-France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort-de-France_Cathedral", "summary": "St. Louis Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Saint-Louis de Fort-de-France ) is a Catholic cathedral located in Martinique , an overseas department of France . It was built in the late 19th-century in the Romanesque Revival style and serves as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fort-de-France . The church is situated in the downtown area of the capital Fort-de-France , at the intersection of rue Victor Schoelcher and rue Blénac . The construction of the cathedral began in the mid-17th century and it opened in 1657 . Due to the natural disasters that have plagued Fort-de-France over the years , the current structure dates back to 1895 and was built with an iron frame in order to withstand these calamities . It is the seventh church to be erected on the site ; it was built by Pierre-Henri Picq ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort-de-France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Fort-de-France", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint-Pierre and Fort-de-France ( Latin : Archidioecesis Sancti Petri et Arcis Gallicae ; French : Archidiocèse de Saint-Pierre et Fort-de-France ) , more simply known as the Archdiocese of Fort-de-France , is a Metropolitan Archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Caribbean . The Archdiocese comprises the entirety of the French overseas department of Martinique . The Metropolitan 's ecclesiastical province includes the suffragan dioceses of Cayenne and Basse-Terre , and all are members of the Antilles Episcopal Conference . Archbishop Gilbert Marie Michel Méranville 's retirement for age reasons was accepted by Pope Francis on Saturday , 7 March 2015 ; he is succeeded by Msg . David Macaire , O.P. , a Dominican priest who until then had been serving as prior of the convent La Sainte-Baume , in Toulon , France and as of now , the incumbent prelate . As of 2006 , the diocese contained 47 parishes , 35 active diocesan priests , 23 religious priests and 310,000 Catholics . It also has 171 Women Religious and 33 Religious Brothers ." } ] }, { "value": "Martinique , Fort-de-France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martinique", "summary": "Martinique ( /ˌmɑːrtɪˈniːk/ MAR-tin-EEK , French : [ maʁtinik ] ( listen ) ; Martinican Creole : Matnik or Matinik ) is an insular region of France located in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea , with a land area of 1,128 square kilometres ( 436 sq mi ) and a population of 376,480 inhabitants as of January 2016 . Like Guadeloupe , it is an overseas region ( région d'outre-mer ) of France , consisting of a single overseas department . One of the Windward Islands , it is directly north of Saint Lucia , northwest of Barbados and south of Dominica . As one of the eighteen regions of France , Martinique is part of the European Union , and its currency is the euro . Virtually the entire population speaks both French , the official language , and Antillean Creole ( Créole Martiniquais ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fort-de-France", "summary": "Fort-de-France ( /ˌfɔːr də ˈfrɒ̃s/ , French : [ fɔʁ də fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Martinique , an overseas department of France located in the Caribbean . It is also one of the major cities in the Caribbean . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Saint Louis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France", "summary": "Louis IX ( 25 April 1214 - 25 August 1270 ) , commonly known as Saint Louis , is the only King of France to be canonized in the Catholic Church . Louis was crowned in Reims at the age of 12 , following the death of his father Louis VIII ; his mother , Blanche of Castile , ruled the kingdom as regent until he reached maturity . During Louis ' childhood , Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and obtained a definitive victory in the Albigensian Crusade which had started 20 years earlier . As an adult , Louis IX faced recurring conflicts with some of the most-powerful nobles , such as Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter of Dreux . Simultaneously , Henry III of England tried to restore his continental possessions , but was utterly defeated at the battle of Taillebourg . His reign saw the annexation of several provinces , notably parts of Aquitaine , Maine and Provence . Louis IX was a reformer and developed French royal justice , in which the king was the supreme judge to whom anyone could appeal to seek the amendment of a judgment . He banned trials by ordeal , tried to prevent the private wars that were plaguing the country , and introduced the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure . To enforce the application of this new legal system , Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs . Following a vow he made after a serious illness and confirmed after a miraculous cure , Louis IX took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades . He died from dysentery during the latter crusade , and was succeeded by his son Philip III . Louis 's actions were inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Matâ'Utu Cathedral Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Matâ'Utu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matâ'Utu_Cathedral", "summary": "Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption ( French : Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Matâ'Utu ) , also known as Matâ'Utu Cathedral , is a Roman Catholic cathedral , and a national monument of France , located in the town of Matâ'Utu on Uvea , in Wallis and Futuna . It is a dominant edifice in downtown Mata-Utu town , capital of Wallis Island . It bears the royal insignia of Wallis , a Maltese cross between its towers . The cathedral is also known as the Our Lady of Good Hope Cathedral . It is the seat of Bishop Susitino Sionepoe ." } ] }, { "value": "Wallis and Futuna", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diocese_of_Wallis_and_Futuna", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Wallis et Futuna ( Latin : Dioecesis Uveanus et Futunensis ; French : Diocèse de Wallis et Futuna ) in Wallis and Futuna is a suffragan diocese of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nouméa . It was erected as a Vicariate Apostolic in 1935 and elevated to a diocese in 1966 . The Bishop of Wallis et Futuna is a member of the Episcopal Conference of the Pacific ." } ] }, { "value": "Wallis and Futuna , Matâ'Utu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna", "summary": "Wallis and Futuna , officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands ( /ˈwɒlɪs . fuːˈtuːnə/ ; French : Wallis-et-Futuna [ walis.e.futuna ] or Territoire des îles Wallis-et-Futuna , Fakauvea and Fakafutuna : 'Uvea mo Futuna ) , is a French island collectivity in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest , Fiji to the southwest , Tonga to the southeast , Samoa to the east , and Tokelau to the northeast . Its land area is 142.42 km2 ( 54.99 sq mi ) with a population of 11,558 at the 2018 census ( down from 14,944 at the 2003 census ) . Matā'Utu is the capital and biggest city . The territory is made up of three main volcanic tropical islands along with a number of tiny islets , and is split into two island groups that lie about 260 km ( 160 mi ) apart , namely the Wallis Islands ( 'Uvea ) in the northeast , and the Hoorn Islands ( also known as the Futuna Islands ) in the southwest , including Futuna Island proper and the mostly uninhabited Alofi Island . Since 2003 , Wallis and Futuna has been a French overseas collectivity ( collectivité d'outre-mer , or COM ) . Between 1961 and 2003 , it had the status of a French overseas territory ( territoire d'outre-mer , or TOM ) , though its official name did not change when the status changed ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Matâ'Utu", "summary": "Mata Utu ( French pronunciation : ​ [ mata.yty ] ; ʻUvean : Matāʻutu ) is the capital of Wallis and Futuna , an overseas collectivity of France . It is located on the island of Uvéa ( ʻUvea ) , in the district of Hahake , of which it is also the capital . Its population ( 2003 census ) is 1,191 . It is one of two ports in Wallis and Futuna , the other being at Leava on Futuna . Hihifo Airport , the main airport accessing the island and city , is 5.6 kilometres ( 3.5 mi ) to the northwest . The most prominent landmarks in the town are the Matâ'Utu Cathedral , the palace next to it and backdrop of the Mt . Lulu Fakahega where there is an old chapel ." } ] }, { "value": "Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Assumption_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary", "summary": "The Assumption of Mary into Heaven ( often shortened to the Assumption ) is , according to the beliefs of the Catholic Church , Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy , the bodily taking up of the Virgin Mary into Heaven at the end of her earthly life . In the churches that observe it , the Assumption is a major feast day , commonly celebrated on 15 August . In many countries , the feast is also marked as a Holy Day of Obligation in the Roman Catholic Church . The Catholic Church teaches as dogma that the Virgin Mary having completed the course of her earthly life , was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory . This doctrine was dogmatically defined by Pope Pius XII on 1 November 1950 , in the apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus by exercising papal infallibility . While the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church believe in the Dormition of the Mother of God ( Dormition of the Theotokos or the Falling Asleep of the Mother of God ) , whether Mary had a physical death has not been dogmatically defined . In Munificentissimus Deus ( item 39 ) Pope Pius XII pointed to the Book of Genesis ( 3:15 ) as scriptural support for the dogma in terms of Mary 's victory over sin and death through her intimate association with the new Adam ( Christ ) as also reflected in 1 Corinthians 15:54 : then shall come to pass the saying that is written , Death is swallowed up in victory . The New Testament contains no explicit narrative about the death or Dormition , nor of the Assumption of Mary , but several scriptural passages have been theologically interpreted to describe the ultimate fate in this and the afterworld of the Mother of Jesus ( see below ) . Various apocryphal documents do contain narrations of the event ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nouméa Cathedral Cathédrale Saint-Joseph de Nouméa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nouméa_Cathedral", "summary": "Nouméa Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Saint-Joseph de Nouméa ) is a Roman Catholic church in Nouméa , New Caledonia . It is dedicated to the Saint Joseph . The cathedral has been the seat since 1966 of the Archdiocese of Nouméa , to which the former Vicariate Apostolic of Nouvelle-Calédonie was elevated ." } ] }, { "value": "Nouméa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Nouméa", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nouméa ( Latin : Archidioecesis Numeanus ; French : Archidiocèse de Nouméa ) is a Metropolitan Archdiocese in New Caledonia . It is responsible for the suffragan dioceses of Port-Vila and Wallis et Futuna ." } ] }, { "value": "New Caledonia , Nouméa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Caledonia", "summary": "New Caledonia ( /ˌkælɪˈdoʊniə/ ; French : Nouvelle-Calédonie ) [ nb 1 ] is a special collectivity of France , currently governed under the Nouméa Accord , located in the southwest Pacific Ocean , to the south of Vanuatu , about 1,210 km ( 750 mi ) east of Australia and 20,000 km ( 12,000 mi ) from Metropolitan France . The archipelago , part of the Melanesia subregion , includes the main island of Grande Terre , the Loyalty Islands , the Chesterfield Islands , the Belep archipelago , the Isle of Pines , and a few remote islets . The Chesterfield Islands are in the Coral Sea . French people , and especially locals , refer to Grande Terre as Le Caillou ( the pebble ) . New Caledonia has a land area of 18,576 km2 ( 7,172 sq mi ) divided into three provinces . The North and South Provinces are located on the New Caledonian mainland , while the Loyalty Islands Province is a series of islands off the mainland . Its population of 271,407 ( October 2019 census ) consists of a mix of the original inhabitants , Kanak people , who are the majority in the North Province and the Loyalty Islands Province and people of European descent ( Caldoches and Metropolitan French ) , Polynesian people ( mostly Wallisians ) , and Southeast Asian people , as well as a few people of Pied-Noir and North African descent who are the majority in the South Province . The capital of the territory is Nouméa ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nouméa", "summary": "Nouméa ( French pronunciation : ​ [ numea ] ) is the capital and largest city of the French special collectivity of New Caledonia . It is situated on a peninsula in the south of New Caledonia 's main island , Grande Terre , and is home to the majority of the island 's European , Polynesian ( Wallisians , Futunians , Tahitians ) , Indonesian , and Vietnamese populations , as well as many Melanesians , Ni-Vanuatu and Kanaks who work in one of the South Pacific 's most industrialised cities . The city lies on a protected deepwater harbour that serves as the chief port for New Caledonia . At the September 2019 census , there were 182,341 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Greater Nouméa ( French : agglomération du Grand Nouméa ) , 94,285 of whom lived in the city ( commune ) of Nouméa proper . 67.2% of the population of New Caledonia live in Greater Nouméa , which covers the communes of Nouméa , Le Mont-Dore , Dumbéa and Païta ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint Joseph", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Joseph", "summary": "Joseph ( Hebrew : יוֹסֵף , romanized : Yosef ; Greek : Ἰωσήφ , romanized : Ioséph ) is a figure in the canonical gospels who was married to Mary , Jesus ' mother , and was Jesus ' legal father . According to Epiphanius and the apocryphal History of Joseph the Carpenter Joseph was the father of James , Joses , Jude , Simon , and at least two daughters from a marriage which predated the one with Mary , a belief that is accepted by some Christian denominations . Perspectives on Joseph as a historical figure are distinguished by some persons from a theological reading of the Gospel texts . Joseph is venerated as Saint Joseph in the Catholic Church , Orthodox Church , Oriental Orthodox Church , Anglicanism and Lutheranism . In Catholic traditions , Joseph is regarded as the patron saint of workers and is associated with various feast days . Pope Pius IX declared him to be both the patron and the protector of the Catholic Church , in addition to his patronages of the sick and of a happy death , due to the belief that he died in the presence of Jesus and Mary . In popular piety , Joseph is regarded as a model for fathers and has also become patron of various dioceses and places . Several venerated images of Saint Joseph have been granted a canonical coronation by a pope . In popular religious iconography he is associated with lilies or a spikenard . With the present-day growth of Mariology , the theological field of Josephology has also grown and since the 1950s centers for studying it have been formed ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Papeete Cathedral Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Papeete", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Papeete_Cathedral", "summary": "Notre Dame Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale de Papeete Notre-Dame de L'Immaculée Conception ) is a late 19th-century church that serves as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Papeete . It is located close to the waterfront esplanade of the capital city on the rue du Général de Gaulle . The construction of the cathedral began in the middle of the 19th century and it opened in 1875 . It is the oldest Catholic church in Tahiti and one of Papeete 's last remaining examples of early colonial architecture ." } ] }, { "value": "Papeete", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Papeete", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Papeete ( Latin : Archidioecesis Papeetensis ; French : Archidiocèse de Papeete ) is a Metropolitan Archdiocese in French Polynesia . It is responsible for the suffragan diocese of Taiohae o Tefenuaenata ." } ] }, { "value": "French Polynesia , Tahiti , Papeete", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/French_Polynesia", "summary": "French Polynesia ( /ˈfrɛntʃ pɒlɪˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) ; French : Polynésie française [ pɔlinezi fʁɑ̃sɛz ] ; Tahitian : Pōrīnetia Farāni ) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic and its sole overseas country . It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) in the South Pacific Ocean . Its total land area is 4,167 square kilometres ( 1,609 sq mi ) . French Polynesia is divided into five groups of islands : the Society Islands archipelago , composed of the Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands ; the Tuamotu Archipelago ; the Gambier Islands ; the Marquesas Islands ; and the Austral Islands . Among its 118 islands and atolls , 67 are inhabited . Tahiti , which is located within the Society Islands , is the most populous island , having close to 69% of the population of French Polynesia as of 2017 [ update ] . Papeete , located on Tahiti , is the capital . Although not an integral part of its territory , Clipperton Island was administered from French Polynesia until 2007 . Following the Great Polynesian Migration , European explorers visited the islands of French Polynesia on several occasions . Traders and whaling ships also visited . In 1842 , the French took over the islands and established a French protectorate they called Établissements français d'Océanie ( EFO ) ( French Establishments/Settlements of Oceania ) . In 1946 , the EFO became an overseas territory under the constitution of the French Fourth Republic , and Polynesians were granted the right to vote through citizenship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tahiti", "summary": "Tahiti ( English : /təˈhiːti/ ; Tahitian [ taˈhiti ] ; French pronunciation : ​ [ ta.iti ] ; previously also known as Otaheite ) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia , located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean . Divided into two parts , Tahiti Nui ( bigger , northwestern part ) and Tahiti Iti ( smaller , southeastern part ) , the island was formed from volcanic activity ; it is high and mountainous with surrounding coral reefs . Its population is 189,517 inhabitants ( 2017 ) , making it the most populous island of French Polynesia and accounting for 68.7% of its total population . Tahiti is the economic , cultural , and political centre of French Polynesia , an overseas collectivity ( and the sole overseas country ) of the French Republic . The capital of French Polynesia , Papeete , is located on the northwest coast of Tahiti . The only international airport in the region , Faa ' a International Airport , is on Tahiti near Papeete . Tahiti was originally settled by Polynesians between 300 and 800 CE . They represent about 70% of the island 's population , with the rest made up of Europeans , Chinese , and those of mixed heritage . The island was part of the Kingdom of Tahiti until its annexation by France in 1880 , when it was proclaimed a colony of France , and the inhabitants became French citizens . French is the only official language , although the Tahitian language ( Reo Tahiti ) is widely spoken ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Papeete", "summary": "Papeete ( pronounced [ pa.pe.ʔe.te ] ) is the capital city of French Polynesia , an overseas collectivity of the French Republic in the Pacific Ocean . The commune of Papeete is located on the island of Tahiti , in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands , of which Papeete is the administrative capital . The French High Commissioner also resides in Papeete . It is the primary center of Tahitian and French Polynesian public and private governmental , commercial , industrial and financial services , the hub of French Polynesian tourism and a commonly used port of call . The Windward Islands are themselves part of the Society Islands . The name Papeete , sometimes also spelled Papeete in Tahitian , [ Note 1 ] means water from a basket . The urban area of Papeete had a total population of 136,771 inhabitants at the August 2017 census , 26,926 of whom lived in the commune of Papeete proper ." } ] }, { "value": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary", "summary": "Mary [ c ] was a first-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth , and the mother of Jesus , according to the New Testament and the Quran . The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament and the Quran describe Mary as a virgin . In Matthew and Luke she is betrothed to Joseph . According to Christian theology she conceived Jesus through the Holy Spirit while still a virgin . She accompanied Joseph to Bethlehem , where Jesus was born . According to Catholic and Eastern Christian teachings , at the end of her earthly life her body was raised directly into Heaven ; this is known in the Christian West as the Assumption . Mary has been venerated since early Christianity , and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion . She is said to have miraculously appeared to believers many times over the centuries . The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox , Catholic , Anglican , and Lutheran churches believe that Mary , as mother of Jesus , is the Theotokos ( Mother of God ) ( Greek : Θεοτόκος , romanized : Theotokos , lit . 'God-bearer ' ) . There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions . The Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas , namely her status as the Mother of God , her Immaculate Conception , her perpetual virginity , and her Assumption into heaven ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pointe-à-Pitre Cathedral Cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Pointe-à-Pitre", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Basse-Terre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diocese_of_Basse-Terre", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Basse-Terre and Pointe-à-Pitre ( Latin : Dioecesis Imae Telluris et Petrirostrensis ; French : Diocèse de Basse-Terre et Pointe-à-Pitre ) , more simply known as the Diocese of Basse-Terre , is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Caribbean . The diocese comprises the entirety of the French overseas department of Guadeloupe , one of the Leeward Lesser Antilles . It is also responsible for parishes in the small overseas departments of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin . The diocese is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Fort-de-France , and both are members of the Antilles Episcopal Conference . Its cathedral , dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe ( the island 's eponymous 'Mexican ' patron saint ) , which has the status of a minor basilica , is hence known as the Basilique-Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Guadeloupe de Basse-Terre or the Basse-Terre Cathedral ." } ] }, { "value": "Guadeloupe , Pointe-à-Pitre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guadeloupe", "summary": "Guadeloupe ( /ˌɡwɑːdəˈluːp/ , French : [ ɡwad ( ə ) lup ] ( listen ) ; Antillean Creole : Gwadloup ) is an archipelago forming an overseas region of France in the Caribbean . It consists of six inhabited islands , Basse-Terre , Grande-Terre , Marie-Galante , La Désirade , and the Îles des Saintes , as well as many uninhabited islands and outcroppings . It lies south of Antigua and Barbuda and Montserrat , and north of Dominica . Its capital is Basse-Terre on the west coast ; however , the largest city is Pointe-à-Pitre . Like the other overseas departments , it is an integral part of France . As a constituent territory of the European Union and the Eurozone , the euro is its official currency and any European Union citizen is free to settle and work there indefinitely . As an overseas department , however , it is not part of the Schengen Area . The official language is French ; Antillean Creole is also spoken ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pointe-à-Pitre", "summary": "Pointe-à-Pitre ( French : Pointe-à-Pitre , pronounced [ pwɛ̃tapitʁ ] ; Creole : Lapwent , [ lapwɛ̃t ] ) is the largest city of Guadeloupe , an overseas région and département of France located in the Lesser Antilles , of which it is a sous-préfecture , being the seat of the Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre . Although Pointe-à-Pitre is not Guadeloupe 's administrative capital ( that distinction goes to Basse-Terre ) , it is nonetheless the region 's largest city and economic capital . In 1999 , it had a population of 171,773 inhabitants in its urban area , of whom 17,541 lived in the city ( commune ) of Pointe-à-Pitre proper . The inhabitants are called Pointois . In 2014 , its metropolitan population was estimated at 314,647 people . Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport , Guadeloupe 's main international airport , is located 3 km ( 1.9 mi ) north of downtown Pointe-à-Pitre in the commune of Les Abymes . Jacques Bangou is the current mayor of Pointe-à-Pitre ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint Peter and Saint Paul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Peter", "summary": "Saint Peter ( Classical Syriac : ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ , romanized : Šemʿōn Kēp̄ā ; Hebrew : שמעון בר יונה , romanized : Šimʿōn bar Yōnāh ; Arabic : سِمعَان بُطرُس , romanized : Simʿa̅n Buṭrus ; Greek : Πέτρος , translit . Petros ; Coptic : Ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ , romanized : Petros ; Latin : Petrus ; r. AD 30 ; died between AD 64 and 68 ) , also known as Simon Peter , Simeon , Simon ( /ˈsaɪmən/ ( listen ) ) , Cephas , or Peter the Apostle , was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ , and the first leader of the early Church . According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero . He is traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Rome‍ - ‌or pope‍ - ‌and also by Eastern Christian tradition as the first Patriarch of Antioch . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Roman Church , but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his present-day successors ( the primacy of the Bishop of Rome ) . According to Catholic teaching , in Matthew 16:18 Jesus promised Peter a special position in the Church . Two general epistles in the New Testament are ascribed to Peter , but modern scholars generally reject the Petrine authorship of both . The Gospel of Mark was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter 's preaching and eyewitness memories . Several other books bearing his name‍ - ‌the Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peter‍ - ‌are considered by Christian denominations as apocryphal , and are thus not included in their Bible canons ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Paul", "summary": "Paul the Apostle ( Latin : Paulus ; Greek : Παῦλος , romanized : Paulos ; Coptic : ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ ; c. 5 - c. 64 or 67 ) , commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Hebrew name Saul of Tarsus ( Hebrew : שאול התרסי , romanized : Sha'ūl ha-Tarsī ; Greek : Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς , romanized : Saũlos Tarseús ) , [ Acts 9:11 ] was an apostle ( although not one of the Twelve Apostles ) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world . Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and from the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe . He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister to both Jewish and Roman audiences . According to the New Testament book Acts of the Apostles ( often simply called Acts ) , Paul persecuted some of the early disciples of Jesus , possibly Hellenised diaspora Jews converted to Christianity , in the area of Jerusalem prior to his conversion . [ note 1 ] In the narrative of Acts , Paul was traveling on the road from Jerusalem to Damascus on a mission to arrest them and bring them back to Jerusalem when the resurrected Jesus appeared to him in a great light . He was struck blind , but after three days his sight was restored by Ananias of Damascus and Paul began to preach that Jesus of Nazareth is the Jewish Messiah and the Son of God . [ Acts 9:20-9:21 ] Approximately half of the book of Acts deals with Paul 's life and works . Thirteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to Paul . Seven of the Pauline epistles are undisputed by scholars as being authentic , with varying degrees of argument about the remainder . Pauline authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews is not asserted in the Epistle itself and was already doubted in the 2nd and 3rd centuries . [ note 2 ] It was almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries that Paul was the author of Hebrews , but that view is now almost universally rejected by scholars . The other six are believed by some scholars to have come from followers writing in his name , using material from Paul 's surviving letters and letters written by him that no longer survive ." } ] }, { "value": "former cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saint-Denis Cathedral , Réunion Cathédrale Saint-Denis de Saint-Denis , Réunion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint-Denis_Cathedral,_Réunion", "summary": "Saint-Denis Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Saint-Denis de Saint-Denis de La Réunion ) or at greater length the Cathedral of St. Denis , Saint-Denis , Réunion , is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Saint-Denis , capital of the island of Reunion , a dependency of France in the Indian Ocean , part of Africa . It is dedicated to Saint Denis , after whom the city of Saint-Denis is named , and is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Saint-Denis-de-La Réunion ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint-Denis-de-La Réunion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diocese_of_Saint-Denis-de-La_Réunion", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Denis de La Réunion ( Latin : Dioecesis Sancti Dionysii Reunionis ; French : Diocèse de Saint-Denis de La Réunion ) is a diocese of the Catholic Church located on the island of Réunion . It is immediately subject to the Holy See . As such , it is not part of an ecclesiastical province , but is a member of the Episcopal Conference of the Indian Ocean ( with Comoros , Mauritius and Seychelles ) . The cathedral church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint-Denis ( French : Cathédrale de Saint-Denis de La Réunion ) located in Saint-Denis ." } ] }, { "value": "Réunion , Saint-Denis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Réunion", "summary": "Réunion ( French : La Réunion [ la ʁe.y.njɔ̃ ] ( listen ) ; previously Île Bourbon ) is an overseas department and region of the French Republic and an island in the Indian Ocean , east of Madagascar and 175 km ( 109 mi ) southwest of Mauritius . As of January 2019 [ update ] , it had a population of 866,506 . The island has been inhabited since the 16th century , when people from France and Madagascar settled there . Slavery was abolished on 20 December 1848 ( a date celebrated yearly on the island ) , when the French Second Republic abolished slavery in the French colonies . However , later on indentured workers were brought to Réunion from South India , among other places . The island became an overseas department of France in 1946 . As in France , the official language is French . In addition , the majority of the region 's population speaks Réunion Creole . Administratively , Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France . Like the other four overseas departments , it is also one of the 18 regions of France , with the modified status of overseas region , and an integral part of the republic with the same status as Metropolitan France . Réunion is an outermost region of the European Union and , as an overseas department of France , part of the eurozone ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Réunion", "summary": "Saint-Denis ( French pronunciation : ​ [ sɛ̃.də.ni ] , or unofficially Saint-Denis de la Réunion for disambiguation ) is the préfecture ( administrative capital ) of the French overseas region and department of Réunion , in the Indian Ocean . It is located at the island 's northernmost point , close to the mouth of the Rivière Saint-Denis . Saint-Denis is the most populous commune in the French overseas departments . At the 2016 census , there were 204,304 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Saint-Denis ( as defined by INSEE ) , 147,920 of whom lived in the city ( commune ) of Saint-Denis proper and the remainder in the neighbouring communes of Sainte-Marie and Sainte-Suzanne ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint Denis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Denis", "summary": "Denis was a 3rd-century Christian martyr and saint . According to his hagiographies , he was bishop of Paris in the third century and , together with his companions Rusticus and Eleutherius , was martyred for his faith by decapitation . Some accounts placed this during Domitian 's persecution and identified St Denis of Paris with the Areopagite who was converted by Paul the Apostle and who served as the first bishop of Athens . Assuming Denis 's historicity , it is now considered more likely that he suffered under the persecution of the emperor Decius shortly after AD 250 . Denis is the most famous cephalophore in Christian legend , with a popular story claiming that the decapitated bishop picked up his head and walked several miles while preaching a sermon on repentance . He is venerated in the Catholic Church as the patron saint of France and Paris and is accounted one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers . A chapel was raised at the site of his burial by a local Christian woman ; it was later expanded into an abbey and basilica , around which grew up the French city of Saint-Denis , now a suburb of Paris ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saint-Pierre Cathedral Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Saint-Pierre ( Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Pierre_Cathedral,_Saint-Pierre", "summary": "St. Pierre Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Saint-Pierre ) is an early 20th-century church that served as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Iles Saint Pierre and Miquelon before it was dissolved in 2018 . It is now part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes . The church is located close to the harbour front of the capital city on the rue Jacques Cartier . The construction of the church began in the late 17th century and it opened in 1690 . Due to renovations and reconstruction , the current structure dates back to 1907 . The church is noted for containing stained glass windows that were donated by Charles de Gaulle ." } ] }, { "value": "Iles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Iles_Saint-Pierre_et_Miquelon", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Iles Saint Pierre et Miquelon ( Latin : Vicariatus Apostolicus Insularum Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis ; French : Vicariat Apostolique des Îles Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon ) was an apostolic vicariate of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in North America . The Vicariate comprised the entirety of the French dependency of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon off the south coast of Newfoundland . As an Apostolic Vicariate , it did not had a formal metropolitan . The church was headed by vicar apostolic . First erected as an apostolic prefecture , in 1763 , after the Fall of New France , it was established as an apostolic vicariate on November 16 , 1970 . At the moment of its merging with the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes , the Vicariate had 2 parishes with a combined community of 6,300 Catholics , served by 2 religious priests , 6 female religious , and 2 male religious . On March 1 , 2018 , this Vicariate was merged to the territory of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes , in the French département of Charente-Maritime ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint Pierre and Miquelon , Saint-Pierre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon", "summary": "Saint Pierre and Miquelon , officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon ( French : Collectivité d'outre-mer de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon , IPA : [ sɛ̃.pjɛʁ.e.mi.klɔ̃ ] ) , is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France , situated in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean near the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . It is the only part of New France that remains under French control , with an area of 242 square kilometres ( 93 sq mi ) and a population of 6,008 at the March 2016 census . The islands are situated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence near the entrance of Fortune Bay , which extends into the southwestern coast of Newfoundland , near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland . They are 3,819 kilometres ( 2,373 mi ) from Brest , the nearest point in Metropolitan France , and 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) from the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Saint-Pierre_(Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon)", "summary": "Saint-Pierre is the capital of the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon , off the coast of Newfoundland in Canada . Saint-Pierre is the more populated of the two communes ( municipalities ) making up Saint Pierre and Miquelon ." } ] }, { "value": "Saint Peter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Peter", "summary": "Saint Peter ( Classical Syriac : ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ , romanized : Šemʿōn Kēp̄ā ; Hebrew : שמעון בר יונה , romanized : Šimʿōn bar Yōnāh ; Arabic : سِمعَان بُطرُس , romanized : Simʿa̅n Buṭrus ; Greek : Πέτρος , translit . Petros ; Coptic : Ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ , romanized : Petros ; Latin : Petrus ; r. AD 30 ; died between AD 64 and 68 ) , also known as Simon Peter , Simeon , Simon ( /ˈsaɪmən/ ( listen ) ) , Cephas , or Peter the Apostle , was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ , and the first leader of the early Church . According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero . He is traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Rome‍ - ‌or pope‍ - ‌and also by Eastern Christian tradition as the first Patriarch of Antioch . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Roman Church , but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his present-day successors ( the primacy of the Bishop of Rome ) . According to Catholic teaching , in Matthew 16:18 Jesus promised Peter a special position in the Church . Two general epistles in the New Testament are ascribed to Peter , but modern scholars generally reject the Petrine authorship of both . The Gospel of Mark was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter 's preaching and eyewitness memories . Several other books bearing his name‍ - ‌the Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peter‍ - ‌are considered by Christian denominations as apocryphal , and are thus not included in their Bible canons ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tai o Hae Cathedral Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Taiohae or Cathédrale Notre-Dame des Marquises", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tai_o_Hae_Cathedral", "summary": "Notre Dame Cathedral ( French : Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Taiohae ; Cathédrale Notre-Dame des Marquises ) is a 20th-century church that serves as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Taiohae o Tefenuaenata . It is located in the Meau Valley near the capital city on the island of Nuku Hiva . The construction of the cathedral began in 1973 on the site of an earlier 19th-century church by the same name . The new cathedral opened in 1977 . It is the largest church on the Marquesas Islands ." } ] }, { "value": "Taiohae", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diocese_of_Taiohae", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Taiohae ( or Tefenuaenata or Hakapehi ) ( Latin : Dioecesis Taiohaënus seu Humanae Telluris ; French : Diocèse de Taiohae o Tefenuaenata ) , in French Polynesia , is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Papeete , yet still depends on the missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples . Its cathedral episcopal see is the Cathédrale Notre-Dame des Îles Marquises , dedicated to Mary , mother of Jesus at Taiohae , on Nuku Hiva , Marquesas islands ( French : Îles Marquises ) ." } ] }, { "value": "French Polynesia , Marquesas Islands , Tai o Hae", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/French_Polynesia", "summary": "French Polynesia ( /ˈfrɛntʃ pɒlɪˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) ; French : Polynésie française [ pɔlinezi fʁɑ̃sɛz ] ; Tahitian : Pōrīnetia Farāni ) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic and its sole overseas country . It is composed of 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over an expanse of more than 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) in the South Pacific Ocean . Its total land area is 4,167 square kilometres ( 1,609 sq mi ) . French Polynesia is divided into five groups of islands : the Society Islands archipelago , composed of the Windward Islands and the Leeward Islands ; the Tuamotu Archipelago ; the Gambier Islands ; the Marquesas Islands ; and the Austral Islands . Among its 118 islands and atolls , 67 are inhabited . Tahiti , which is located within the Society Islands , is the most populous island , having close to 69% of the population of French Polynesia as of 2017 [ update ] . Papeete , located on Tahiti , is the capital . Although not an integral part of its territory , Clipperton Island was administered from French Polynesia until 2007 . Following the Great Polynesian Migration , European explorers visited the islands of French Polynesia on several occasions . Traders and whaling ships also visited . In 1842 , the French took over the islands and established a French protectorate they called Établissements français d'Océanie ( EFO ) ( French Establishments/Settlements of Oceania ) . In 1946 , the EFO became an overseas territory under the constitution of the French Fourth Republic , and Polynesians were granted the right to vote through citizenship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marquesas_Islands", "summary": "The Marquesas Islands ( /mɑːrˈkeɪsəs/ ; French : Îles Marquises or Archipel des Marquises or Marquises ; Marquesan : Te Henua ʻEnana ( North Marquesan ) and Te Fenua ʻEnata ( South Marquesan ) , both meaning the land of men ) are a group of volcanic islands in French Polynesia , an overseas collectivity of France in the southern Pacific Ocean . The Marquesas are located at 9.7812° S , 139.0817° W. The highest point is the peak of Mount Oave ( French : Mont Oave ) on Ua Pou island at 1,230 m ( 4,035 ft ) above sea level . Archaeological research suggests the islands were colonized sometime after the 9th century and before the 11th century AD by indigenous voyagers from West Polynesia . Over the course of subsequent centuries , these settlers developed a remarkably uniform culture , human biology and language . The Marquesas Islands form one of the five administrative divisions ( subdivisions administratives ) of French Polynesia . The capital of the Marquesas Islands administrative subdivision is the town of Taiohae , on the island of Nuku Hiva . The population of the Marquesas Islands was 9,346 inhabitants at the time of the August 2017 census ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tai_o_Hae", "summary": "Taiohae is the main town on Nuku Hiva island . The town is located on a former volcanic crater , which has partly collapsed into the ocean , creating a bay ." } ] }, { "value": "Blessed Virgin Mary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary", "summary": "Mary [ c ] was a first-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth , and the mother of Jesus , according to the New Testament and the Quran . The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament and the Quran describe Mary as a virgin . In Matthew and Luke she is betrothed to Joseph . According to Christian theology she conceived Jesus through the Holy Spirit while still a virgin . She accompanied Joseph to Bethlehem , where Jesus was born . According to Catholic and Eastern Christian teachings , at the end of her earthly life her body was raised directly into Heaven ; this is known in the Christian West as the Assumption . Mary has been venerated since early Christianity , and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion . She is said to have miraculously appeared to believers many times over the centuries . The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox , Catholic , Anglican , and Lutheran churches believe that Mary , as mother of Jesus , is the Theotokos ( Mother of God ) ( Greek : Θεοτόκος , romanized : Theotokos , lit . 'God-bearer ' ) . There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions . The Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas , namely her status as the Mother of God , her Immaculate Conception , her perpetual virginity , and her Assumption into heaven ." } ] }, { "value": "cathedral", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Cathedrals in overseas departments , territories and collectivities", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_cathedrals_in_France_2", "intro": "This is a list of cathedrals in France and in the French overseas departments, territories and collectivities, including both actual and former diocesan cathedrals (seats of bishops). Almost all cathedrals in France are Roman Catholic, but any non-Roman Catholic cathedrals are listed here as well. The list is intended to be complete as far as current cathedrals and co-cathedrals are concerned. It is not yet an exhaustive list of former cathedrals, although it includes most of them. A number of large churches in France are known as cathedral as a mark of distinction or historical importance but have never been the seats of bishops. These are not included here." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sinfonians", "title": "List of Sinfonians", "header": [ "Name", "Original chapter", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "Richard Franko Goldman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_Franko_Goldman", "summary": "Richard Franko Goldman ( December 7 , 1910 - January 19 , 1980 ) was a conductor , educator , author , music critic , and composer . Born Richard Henry Maibrunn Goldman ( Maibrunn being his mother 's family name ) , he adopted the same middle name as his father , the conductor Edwin Franko Goldman , whose middle name came from the latter 's mother 's musical family . After graduating from Townsend Harris High School in Manhattan , New York , Richard Goldman attended Columbia University , graduating in 1930 with an A.B . ( with honors ) . After a year of graduate study at Columbia , he then went to Paris to study composition with Nadia Boulanger . He also studied privately with Wallingford Riegger . During World War II he served in the Office of Strategic Services . He was associate conductor 1937-1956 and then succeeded his father as conductor of the Goldman Band of New York City . He led that band from 1956 until poor health caused him to stop conducting in the summer of 1979 . He dissolved the band , but it returned to perform as the Guggenheim Concerts Band in 1980 and the Goldman Memorial Band in 1984 . He taught at the Juilliard School 1947-1960 and was a visiting professor at Princeton University 1952-1956 . He also was director of the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore , Maryland 1968-1977 and president of the Peabody Institute 1969-1977 ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Omicron ( 1940 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mansfield_University", "summary": "Mansfield University of Pennsylvania is a small public university in Mansfield , Pennsylvania . It is one of the fourteen state universities that are part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education ( PASSHE ) . The university is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and numerous national professional organizations . Mansfield University 's total enrollment is 1,637 students ." } ] }, { "value": "Band director ; son of Edwin Franko Goldman , founder of the American Bandmasters Association", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Percy A. Grainger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Percy_Grainger", "summary": "Percy Aldridge Grainger ( born George Percy Grainger ; 8 July 1882 - 20 February 1961 ) was an Australian-born composer , arranger and pianist who lived in the United States from 1914 on and became a citizen in 1918 . In the course of a long and innovative career , he played a prominent role in the revival of interest in British folk music in the early years of the 20th century . Although much of his work was experimental and unusual , the piece with which he is most generally associated is his piano arrangement of the folk-dance tune Country Gardens . Grainger left Australia at the age of 13 to attend the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt . Between 1901 and 1914 he was based in London , where he established himself first as a society pianist and later as a concert performer , composer and collector of original folk melodies . As his reputation grew he met many of the significant figures in European music , forming important friendships with Frederick Delius and Edvard Grieg . He became a champion of Nordic music and culture , his enthusiasm for which he often expressed in private letters , sometimes in crudely racial or anti-Semitic terms . In 1914 , Grainger moved to the United States , where he lived for the rest of his life , though he travelled widely in Europe and in Australia . He served briefly as a bandsman in the United States Army during the First World War through 1917-18 , and took American citizenship in 1918 . After his mother 's suicide in 1922 , he became increasingly involved in educational work . He also experimented with music machines , which he hoped would supersede human interpretation . In the 1930s he set up the Grainger Museum in Melbourne , his birthplace , as a monument to his life and works , and as a future research archive ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Omicron ( 1940 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Australian-born pianist ; champion of the saxophone and concert band", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Holsinger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Holsinger", "summary": "Dr. David R. Holsinger is an American composer and conductor writing primarily for concert band . Holsinger is a graduate of Hardin-Central High School in Hardin , Missouri , Central Methodist University , the University of Central Missouri , and the University of Kansas . He is well known across the nation as well as the world for his outstanding work for his differentiating time signatures throughout his pieces ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Mu ( 1964 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Central_Methodist_University", "summary": "Central Methodist University ( formerly known as Central Methodist College and also known as Central College or CMU ) is a private university in Fayette , Missouri . CMU is accredited to offer master 's , bachelor 's , and associate degrees . The school is affiliated with the United Methodist Church ." } ] }, { "value": "Two-time recipient of the Sousa/Ostwald Award given by the American Bandmasters Association for best band composition", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sousa/Ostwald_Award", "summary": "The Sousa/Ostwald Award is an annual award given by the American Bandmasters Association for a composition for concert band . It was first awarded in 1956 , after band uniform suppliers Ernest and Adolph Ostwald established the ABA/Ostwald Award for the best band composition written in the previous year . Previous rules allowed for compositions of grades 1-6 , but the rules are undergoing a transition to focus on grades 1-4 ( in 2011 ) and 5-6 ( in 2012 ) . The award was renamed from the Ostwald Award in 2011 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/American_Bandmasters_Association", "summary": "The American Bandmasters Association ( ABA ) was formed in 1929 by Edwin Franko Goldman to promote concert band music . Goldman sought to raise esteem for concert bands among musicians and audiences . The reputations of concert bands suffered in comparison to symphony orchestras due to factors including the concert bands concert venue , often out-of-doors , the difficulty of conductors to obtain a quality music education , a limited repertoire that with the exception of marches was largely borrowed from the libraries of the orchestra , and a lack of camaraderie among the leading bandmasters/conductors of the period . The ABA 's current Constitution states that the organization shall :" } ] }, { "value": "Martin Mailman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Mailman", "summary": "Martin S. Mailman ( born 30 June 1932 in New York City died 18 April 2000 in Denton , Texas ) was an American composer noted for his music for orchestra , chorus , multimedia , and winds ." } ] }, { "value": "Zeta Psi ( 1961 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_Carolina_University", "summary": "East Carolina University ( ECU ) is a public research university in Greenville , North Carolina . It is the fourth largest university in North Carolina . Founded on March 8 , 1907 , as a teacher training school , East Carolina has grown from 43 acres ( 17 ha ) to almost 1,600 acres ( 647 ha ) today . The university 's academic facilities are located on six properties : Main Campus , Health Sciences Campus , West Research Campus , the Field Station for Coastal Studies in New Holland , North Carolina , the Millennial Research Innovation Campus in Greenville 's warehouse district and an overseas campus in Certaldo Alto , Italy . ECU also operates the Coastal Studies Institute . The nine undergraduate colleges , graduate school , and four professional schools are located on these four properties . All of the non-health sciences majors are located on the main campus . The College of Nursing , College of Allied Health Sciences , The Brody School of Medicine , and School of Dental Medicine are located on the health science campus . There are eleven social sororities , 16 social fraternities , four historically black sororities , five historically black fraternities , one Native American fraternity , and one Native American sorority . There are over 400 registered clubs on campus including fraternities and sororities ." } ] }, { "value": "Prolific and well-decorated composer ; two-time recipient of the Sousa/Ostwald Award", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Maslanka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Maslanka", "summary": "David Maslanka ( August 30 , 1943 - August 7 , 2017 ) was an American composer of Polish descent who wrote for a variety of genres , including works for choir , wind ensemble , chamber music , and symphony orchestra . Best known for his wind ensemble compositions , Maslanka published over 150 pieces , including ten symphonies , eight of them for concert band , over 15 concerti , and a full Mass . His compositional style is rhythmically intense and complex , highly tonal and melodically-oriented . His compositions have been performed throughout the United States , Europe , Australia , Canada , and Japan ( Savoie 2003 ) . His Tenth Symphony was orchestrated by his son , Matthew Maslanka , as it was incomplete at the composer 's death ." } ] }, { "value": "Rho Tau ( 2008 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Appalachian_State_University", "summary": "Appalachian State University /ˌæpəˈlætʃən/ ( Appalachian , App State , App , or ASU ) is a public university in Boone , North Carolina . It was founded as a teachers college in 1899 by brothers B.B . and D.D . Dougherty and D.D.s wife , Lillie Shull Dougherty . The university expanded to include other programs in 1967 and joined the University of North Carolina System in 1971 . The university is part of the University of North Carolina System and enrolls more than 19,000 students . It offers more than 150 bachelor 's degrees and 70 graduate degree programs , including two doctoral programs ." } ] }, { "value": "Best known for his wind band works including A Child 's Garden of Dreams ; two-time recipient of the National Endowment for the Arts Composer Award", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts", "summary": "The National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence . It was created by an act of the U.S. Congress in 1965 as an independent agency of the federal government . The NEA has its offices in Washington , D.C . It was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 1995 , as well as the Special Tony Award in 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "W. Francis McBeth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/W._Francis_McBeth", "summary": "William Francis McBeth ( March 9 , 1933 - January 6 , 2012 ) was an American composer , whose wind band works are highly respected . His primary musical influences included Clifton Williams , Bernard Rogers , and Howard Hanson . The popularity of his works in the United States during the last half of the twentieth century led to many invitations and appearances as a guest conductor , where he often conducted the premiere performances of some of his compositions , the majority of which were commissioned . His conducting activities took him to forty-eight states , three Canadian provinces , Japan , and Australia ; and for a number of years he was principal conductor of the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra in the capital of Little Rock . At one time , his Double Pyramid Balance System was a widely used pedagogical tool in the concert band world . From 1957 until his retirement in 1996 , McBeth taught at Ouachita Baptist University in Arkadelphia , Arkansas ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpha Iota ( 1957 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin", "summary": "The University of Texas at Austin ( UT Austin ) is a public research university in Austin , Texas . It was founded in 1883 and is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System . The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929 , becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected . The institution has the nation 's eighth-largest single-campus enrollment , with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty and staff . A Public Ivy , it is a major center for academic research , with research expenditures exceeding $ 615 million for the 2016-2017 school year . The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries , including the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and the Blanton Museum of Art , and operates various auxiliary research facilities , such as the J. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory . Among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize , the Pulitzer Prize , the Wolf Prize , the Primetime Emmy Award , the Abel Prize , the Turing Award , and the National Medal of Science , as well as many other awards . As of October 2019 , 12 Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners and two Fields medalists have been affiliated with the school as alumni , faculty members or researchers . Student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference . Its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university . The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships , six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships , thirteen NCAA Division I National Men 's Swimming and Diving Championships , and has claimed more titles in men 's and women 's sports than any other school in the Big 12 since the league was founded in 1996 ." } ] }, { "value": "Winner of the Presley Award at Hardin-Simmons University in 1954 ; named Composer Laureate of Arkansas in 1975 ; received the Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award in 1988", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_E._Lutton_Man_of_Music_Award", "summary": "The Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award is one of the highest honors awarded to members of the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity for a lifelong achievement in uplifting the world through art and music . Its recipients include musical legends such as Aaron Copland , W. Francis McBeth , James Levine , Frederick Fennell , Maynard Ferguson , and Col. John R. Bourgeois , USMC ( Ret . ) ." } ] }, { "value": "William Schuman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Schuman", "summary": "William Howard Schuman ( August 4 , 1910 - February 15 , 1992 ) was an American composer and arts administrator ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Gamma ( 1930 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Columbia_University", "summary": "Columbia University ( also known as Columbia , and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York ) is a private Ivy League research university in New York City . Established in 1754 on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan , Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States . It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence , seven of which belong to the Ivy League . It has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Columbia was established as King 's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain in reaction to the founding of Princeton University in New Jersey . It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution , and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by former students Alexander Hamilton and John Jay . In 1896 , the campus was moved to its current location in Morningside Heights and renamed Columbia University . Columbia scientists and scholars have played an important role in the development of notable scientific fields and breakthroughs including : brain-computer interface ; the laser and maser ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; the first nuclear pile ; the first nuclear fission reaction in the Americas ; Thomas Hunt Morgan 's drosophila experiment - considered the origin of modern genetics ; the first evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift ; and much of the initial research and planning of the Manhattan Project during World War II . The Columbia University Physics Department has been affiliated with 33 Nobel Prize winners as alumni , faculty or research staff , the third most of any American institution behind MIT and Harvard . In addition , 22 Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine have been affiliated with Columbia , the third most of any American institution . The university 's research efforts include the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory , Goddard Institute for Space Studies and accelerator laboratories with major technology firms such as IBM . Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D ." } ] }, { "value": "Former President of the Juilliard School ; first president of Lincoln Center ; awarded the inaugural Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1943 , the National Medal of Arts in 1987 , and the Kennedy Center Honors in 1989", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Juilliard_School", "summary": "The Juilliard School ( /ˈdʒuːliɑːrd/ ) is a private performing arts conservatory in New York City . Established in 1905 , the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance , drama , and music . It is widely regarded as one of the world 's leading drama , music and dance schools , with some of the most prestigious arts programs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts", "summary": "Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts ( also simply known as Lincoln Center ) is a 16.3-acre ( 6.6-hectare ) complex of buildings in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City . It has thirty indoor and outdoor facilities and is host to 5 million visitors annually . It houses nationally and internationally renowned performing arts organizations including the New York Philharmonic , the Metropolitan Opera , and the New York City Ballet ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Music", "summary": "The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters , Drama , and Music . It was first given in 1943 . Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year , and this was eventually converted into a prize : For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year . Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award , the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received only one performance . In 2004 the terms were modified to read , For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year ." }, { "url": "/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts", "summary": "The National Medal of Arts is an award and title created by the United States Congress in 1984 , for the purpose of honoring artists and patrons of the arts . A prestigious American honor , it is the highest honor given to artists and arts patrons by the United States government . Nominations are submitted to the National Council on the Arts , the advisory committee of the National Endowment for the Arts , who then submits its recommendations to the White House for the President of the United States to award . The medal was designed for the NEA by sculptor Robert Graham ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors", "summary": "The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture . The honors have been presented annually since 1978 , culminating each December in a star-studded gala celebrating the honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House in Washington , D.C ." } ] }, { "value": "John Philip Sousa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa", "summary": "John Philip Sousa ( /ˈsuːsə/ ; [ a ] November 6 , 1854 - March 6 , 1932 ) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches . He is known as The March King or the American March King , to distinguish him from his British counterpart Kenneth J. Alford who is also known as The March King . Among his best-known marches are The Stars and Stripes Forever ( National March of the United States of America ) , Semper Fidelis ( official march of the United States Marine Corps ) , The Liberty Bell , The Thunderer , and The Washington Post . Sousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert . His father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868 . He left the band in 1875 and learned to conduct . From 1880 until his death , he focused exclusively on conducting and writing music . He eventually rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director , after which he organized his own band . Sousa aided in the development of the sousaphone , a large brass instrument similar to the helicon and tuba . Upon the outbreak of World War I , Sousa was awarded a wartime commission of lieutenant commander to lead the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois . He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932 . ( In the 1920s , he was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve , but he never saw active service again . )" } ] }, { "value": "Alpha Xi ( 1925 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign", "summary": "The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ( U of I , Illinois , UIllinois , or colloquially the University of Illinois or UIUC ) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana . It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867 . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified as a R1 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes the highest research activity . In fiscal year 2017 , research expenditures at Illinois totaled $ 642 million . The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University . The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA ) and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus . The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study . The university holds 651 buildings on 6,370 acres ( 2,578 ha ) and its annual operating budget in 2016 was over $ 2 billion . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also operates a Research Park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations , including Abbott , AbbVie , Caterpillar , Capital One , Dow , State Farm , and Yahoo , among others . As of October 2018 [ update ] , 30 Nobel laureates , 2 Turing Award winners , and 1 Fields medalist have been affiliated with the university as alumni , faculty members , or researchers ." } ] }, { "value": "Known as the March King ; composer of over 100 marches , including the national march The Stars and Stripes Forever", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jack Stamp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jack_Stamp", "summary": "Jack Stamp ( born March 5 , 1954 in College Park , Maryland ) is a North American Wind Ensemble conductor and composer . He has approximately sixty compositions available from Neil A. Kjos Music Company , including his most well-known piece , Gavorkna Fanfare , which was dedicated to Eugene Corporon . In 1993 , he formed the Keystone Wind Ensemble , comprising students , alumni and professors at Indiana University of Pennsylvania , which has been recorded on 16 albums ." } ] }, { "value": "Zeta Tau ( 1973 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indiana_University_of_Pennsylvania", "summary": "Indiana University of Pennsylvania ( IUP ) is a public research university in Indiana County , Pennsylvania . As of fall 2019 , the university enrolled 9,215 undergraduates and 2,110 postgraduates , for a total enrollment of 11,325 students . The university is 55 miles ( 89 km ) northeast of Pittsburgh . It is governed by a local Council of Trustees and the Board of Governors of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education . IUP has branch campuses at Punxsutawney , Northpointe , and Monroeville . IUP is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools ." } ] }, { "value": "Inducted into the American Bandmasters Association in 2000 ; awarded the title of University Professor for the 2008-2009 academic year at IUP", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Bandmasters_Association", "summary": "The American Bandmasters Association ( ABA ) was formed in 1929 by Edwin Franko Goldman to promote concert band music . Goldman sought to raise esteem for concert bands among musicians and audiences . The reputations of concert bands suffered in comparison to symphony orchestras due to factors including the concert bands concert venue , often out-of-doors , the difficulty of conductors to obtain a quality music education , a limited repertoire that with the exception of marches was largely borrowed from the libraries of the orchestra , and a lack of camaraderie among the leading bandmasters/conductors of the period . The ABA 's current Constitution states that the organization shall :" } ] }, { "value": "James Swearingen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Swearingen", "summary": "James Swearingen is an American composer and arranger . He holds a Masters Degree from the Ohio State University and a Bachelor 's degree from Bowling Green State University and is Professor of Music Emeritus , Department Chair of Music Education at Capital University , Columbus , Ohio . The music he writes is part of a small genre played in American high school band classes as Concert Literature , generally two- to six-minute-long pieces played for high school band concerts . He is a recipient of several ASCAP awards ." } ] }, { "value": "Iota Omicron ( 1968 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University", "summary": "Bowling Green State University ( BGSU ) is a public research university in Bowling Green , Ohio . The 1,338-acre ( 541.5 ha ) main academic and residential campus is 15 miles ( 24 km ) south of Toledo , Ohio . The university has nationally recognized programs and research facilities in the natural and social sciences , education , arts , business , health and wellness , humanities and applied technologies . The institution was granted a charter in 1910 as a normal school , specializing in teacher training and education , as part of the Lowry Normal School Bill that authorized two new normal schools in the state of Ohio . Over the university 's history , it developed from a small rural normal school into a comprehensive public university . As of 2019 , Bowling Green offered over 200 undergraduate programs , as well as master 's and doctoral degrees through eight academic colleges . Its academic programs have been nationally ranked by Forbes magazine , U.S. News & World Report , and Washington Monthly . The University is also ranked the most affordable college in Ohio by Business Insider in 2018 . Additionally , in 2018 BGSU received designation as an Innovation and Economic Prosperity ( IEP ) university by the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities ( APLU ) and its Commission on Innovation , Competitiveness , and Economic Prosperity . The 2011 Carnegie Foundation classified BGSU as having high research activity . Research projects in the areas of psychology , sociology , education and human development , energy and sustainability are among the most prominent . BGSU had an on-campus residential student population of approximately 6,000 students and a total enrollment of over 19,000 students as of 2018 [ update ] ." } ] }, { "value": "Inducted into the American Bandmasters Association in 2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Frank Ticheli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Ticheli", "summary": "Frank Ticheli ( born January 21 , 1958 ) is an American composer of orchestral , choral , chamber , and concert band works . He lives in Los Angeles , California , where he is a Professor of Composition at the University of Southern California . He was the Pacific Symphony 's composer-in-residence from 1991 to 1998 , composing numerous works for that orchestra . A number of his works are particularly notable , as they have become standards in concert band repertoire ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpha Alpha ( 2009 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Well-decorated composer ; recipient of the Arts and Letters Award , Goddard Lieberson Fellowship , and Charles Ives Scholarship , all from the American Academy of Arts and Letters", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters", "summary": "The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 250-member honor society ; its goal is to foster , assist , and sustain excellence in American literature , music , and art . Located in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City , it shares Audubon Terrace , a complex on Broadway between West 155th and 156th Streets , with the Hispanic Society of America and Boricua College . The academy 's galleries are open to the public on a published schedule . Exhibits include an annual exhibition of paintings , sculptures , photographs and works on paper from contemporary artists nominated by its members , and an annual exhibition of works by newly elected members and recipients of honors and awards . A permanent exhibit of the recreated studio of composer Charles Ives was opened in 2014 . The auditorium is sought out by musicians and engineers wishing to record live , as the acoustics are considered among the city 's finest . Hundreds of commercial recordings have been made there ." } ] }, { "value": "J. Clifton Williams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Clifton_Williams_(composer)", "summary": "[ James ] Clifton Williams , Jr. ( 26 March 1923 Traskwood , Arkansas - 12 February 1976 Miami , Florida ) was an American composer , pianist , French hornist , mellophonist , music theorist , conductor , and teacher . Williams was known by symphony patrons as a virtuoso French hornist with the symphony orchestras of Baton Rouge , New Orleans , Houston , Oklahoma City , Austin , and San Antonio . The young composer was honored with performances of Peace , A Tone Poem and A Southwestern Overture by the Houston and Oklahoma City symphony orchestras , respectively . He remains widely known as one of America 's accomplished composers for the wind ensemble and band repertory ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Omega ( 1946 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisiana_State_University", "summary": "Louisiana State University ( officially Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College , commonly referred to as LSU ) is a public research university in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville , Louisiana , under the name Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy . The current LSU main campus was dedicated in 1926 , consists of more than 250 buildings constructed in the style of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio , and the main campus historic district occupies a 650-acre ( 2.6 km² ) plateau on the banks of the Mississippi River . LSU is the flagship school of the state of Louisiana , as well the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System , and is the most comprehensive university in Louisiana . In 2017 , the university enrolled over 25,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools and colleges . Several of LSU 's graduate schools , such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center , have received national recognition in their respective fields of study . Designated as a land-grant , sea-grant and space-grant institution , LSU is also noted for its extensive research facilities , operating some 800 sponsored research projects funded by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the National Endowment for the Humanities , and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . LSU is one of eight universities in the United States with dental , law , veterinary , medical , and Master of Business Administration programs . The LSU School of Veterinary Medicine is one of only 30 veterinary schools in the country and the only one in Louisiana . LSU 's athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports ( 9 men 's , 12 women 's ) , and is a member of the NCAA ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ) and the SEC ( Southeastern Conference ) . The university is represented by its mascot , Mike the Tiger ." } ] }, { "value": "First winner of the Sousa/Ostwald Award ; known for concert march The Sinfonians , which incorporates the fraternity song Hail Sinfonia", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Sinfonians_2", "intro": "This is a list of distinguished members of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity who have achieved significant recognition in their respective fields, including (but not limited to) education, film, industry, literature, music, philanthropy, public service, radio, science, and television. In determining the classification for each Sinfonian listed here, an attempt was made to classify the individual based on what he is most known for. In some cases, a person such as Aaron Copland may be known equally as a conductor and a composer. In other cases, an individual such as Branford Marsalis may be known equally as a jazz musician and a television personality. Honorary members are in italics, charter members are in bold." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidya_Sinha", "title": "Vidya Sinha", "header": [ "Year", "Serial", "Role", "Channel" ], "data": [ { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kkavyanjali", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kkavyanjali", "summary": "Kkavyanjali ( a portmanteau of Kkavya and Anjali ) is an Indian television romantic drama series that aired on Star Plus . It is the tale of two lovers who can never meet , soul mates who love each other deeply but are separated . The show has been ranked at No.6 on the list of Star Plus top 10 shows of all time ." } ] }, { "value": "Kkavya 's paternal grandmother", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Star Plus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Star_Plus", "summary": "StarPlus is an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India . The network 's programming consists of family dramas , comedies , youth-oriented reality shows , shows on crime and television films . It is also distributed internationally by The Walt Disney Company India , subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zaara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zaara_(TV_series)", "summary": "Zaara is an Indian drama series , that aired from 4 December 2006 to 20 June 2008 on Sahara One ." } ] }, { "value": "Dadi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sahara One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sahara_One", "summary": "Sahara One was an Indian Hindi general entertainment channel based in New Delhi . It is operated by Sahara India Pariwar ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Neem Neem Shahad Shahad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Neem_Neem_Shahad_Shahad", "summary": "Neem Neem Shahad Shahad is an Indian Hindi language drama series , which premiered on 15 August 2011 on Sahara One . The series is produced by Dheeraj Kumar of Creative Eye Limited , and stars Amrapali Gupta & Varun Vijay Sharma as lead actors . The series was followed by its second season with new name , Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna , due to change its genre , which also aired on Sahara One ." } ] }, { "value": "Hansmukh 's wife", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sahara One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sahara_One", "summary": "Sahara One was an Indian Hindi general entertainment channel based in New Delhi . It is operated by Sahara India Pariwar ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Haar Jeet", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sahil 's grandmother", "urls": [] }, { "value": "NDTV Imagine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NDTV_Imagine", "summary": "Imagine TV was a popular Hindi general entertainment channel , owned by Turner Broadcasting System ( a subsidiary of Time Warner ) based in New Delhi . The channel was known for shows like Bandini , Kitani Mohabbat Hai , Ramayan ( 2008 ) , Chandragupta Maurya , Swayamvar , Meethi Chhori No 1 , Jyoti , Do Hanson Ka Jodaa , Pati Patni Aur Woh , Junoon , Pardes Mein Mila Koi Apna , Baba Aiso Varr Dhoondo , Haar Jeet , Seeta Aur Geeta , Jasuben Jayantilaal Joshi Ki Joint Family , Knights & Angels , Oye ! It 's Friday ! , Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan , Rehna Hai Teri Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein , Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain , Rakt Sambandh , Main Teri Parchhain Hoon , Dil Jeetegi Desi Girl , Gunahon Ka Devta , Sawaare Sabke Sapne Preeto , Shaadi 3 Crore Ki , Radhaa Ki Betiyaan Kuch Kar Dikhayengi , and Looteri Dulhan . The channel stopped showing new material on 12 April 2012 and broadcast reruns until it finally closed on 11 May 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "20 October 2012 - April 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Qubool Hai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Qubool_Hai", "summary": "Qubool Hai ( English : I Accept ) is an Indian soap opera that was produced by 4 Lions Films and broadcast on Zee TV . It is the sixth television series of 4 Lions Films . The series focused on the Muslim community and initially aimed to dispel stereotypes regarding Islam , and had been credited for pioneering Muslim oriented programming in Indian television ." } ] }, { "value": "Badi Bii", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zee TV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zee_TV", "summary": "Zee TV is an Indian pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises , a media and entertainment company based in Mumbai , Maharashtra . A part of the Essel Group , it started to broadcast on 2 October 1992 as the first Hindi-language subscription channel in India . Zee TV HD was launched on 15 August 2011 along with Zee Cinema HD , Zee Studio HD . It overhauled its old logo on 15 October 2017 , along with all other channels of the Zee Entertainment Enterprises ." } ] }, { "value": "September 2014 - 2 January 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Qubool Hai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Qubool_Hai", "summary": "Qubool Hai ( English : I Accept ) is an Indian soap opera that was produced by 4 Lions Films and broadcast on Zee TV . It is the sixth television series of 4 Lions Films . The series focused on the Muslim community and initially aimed to dispel stereotypes regarding Islam , and had been credited for pioneering Muslim oriented programming in Indian television ." } ] }, { "value": "Neha 's Daadi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zee TV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zee_TV", "summary": "Zee TV is an Indian pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises , a media and entertainment company based in Mumbai , Maharashtra . A part of the Essel Group , it started to broadcast on 2 October 1992 as the first Hindi-language subscription channel in India . Zee TV HD was launched on 15 August 2011 along with Zee Cinema HD , Zee Studio HD . It overhauled its old logo on 15 October 2017 , along with all other channels of the Zee Entertainment Enterprises ." } ] }, { "value": "21 February 2015 - 13 June 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zindagi Wins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zindagi_Wins", "summary": "Zindagi Wins ( translation : Life Wins ) is an Indian medical drama series that aired on channel Bindass from 21 February 2015 to 13 June 2015 . The show was produced by Cinevistaas Limited . The show portrays the journey of Dr. Alia , Dr. Malavika and Dr. Ishaan at Lifebeat Hospital and their quest for medical excellence with their different values and ethics and also how they take Lifebeat to greater heights ." } ] }, { "value": "Nurse Mariam", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bindass", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bindass", "summary": "Bindass is an Indian pay television channel targeted at the youth . It was launched on 24 September 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "10 August 2015 - 26 August 2016", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ishq Ka Rang Safed", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ishq_Ka_Rang_Safed", "summary": "Ishq Ka Rang Safed ( English : White Is The Color Of Love ) is an Indian television drama series that premiered on 10 August 2015 on Colors TV and ended its run on 26 August 2016 . The show portrays the story of a young widow , Dhaani , and a rich boy , Viplav , who falls in love with her and goes against the orthodox views of society to marry her . The show was very much accepted by the viewers at an early slot and gave tough competition to Star Plus 's Suhani Si Ek Ladki . Rekha Bhardwaj re-recorded content from her 2011 album Kabir Chaura Sufi Chaura for the show . On the channel Colors Rishtey the show is titled as Mohe Rang Do Laal" } ] }, { "value": "Sushma Tripathi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colors", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colors_(TV_channel)", "summary": "Viacom 18 Media Pvt . Limited is an Indian joint venture operation between ViacomCBS and TV18 based in Mumbai . It was founded in November 2007 and owns various channels of ViacomCBS , as well as various consumer products in India . In January 2010 , Viacom 18 went international with the launch of Colors in the United States . The channel is called Aapka Colors . In July 2010 , it got into 50/50 distribution joint venture with Sun Network to form Sun 18 . In December 2011 , Viacom 18 launched Nickelodeon Sonic , targeting young adults . The company also owns Viacom18 Motion Pictures . On 31 January 2018 , TV18 announced its acquisition of Viacom 's majority in the joint venture , taking operational control and leaving Viacom with minority interest . On 1 October 2019 , Viacom 18 launched Colors HD in Malaysia on Astro Malaysia ; every serial will be served with Malay and English subtitles . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "10 October 2016", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chandra Nandini", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chandra_Nandini", "summary": "Chandra Nandini is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language drama television series which started airing on Star Plus on 10 October 2016 . It is produced by Ekta Kapoor under her banner Balaji Telefilms and is directed by Ranjan Kumar Singh . Some glimpse of Avneet kaur And Raj Routh as the friendly roles . Starring Rajat Tokas as Chandragupta Maurya and Shweta Basu Prasad as a princess Nandni , the story-line is based on the life of Chandragupta Maurya ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand-Queen Sonarika of Magadha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magadha", "summary": "Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in southern Bihar , and was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas , 'Great Countries ' of ancient India . Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism , and two of India 's greatest empires , the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire , originated in Magadha . The Mauryan Empire and Gupta Empire , both of which originated in Magadha , saw advancements in ancient India 's science , mathematics , astronomy , religion , and philosophy and were considered the Golden Age of India . The Magadh kingdom included republican communities such as the community of Rajkmura . [ citation needed ] Villages had their own assemblies under their local chiefs called Gramakas . Their administrations were divided into executive , judicial , and military functions ." } ] }, { "value": "Star Plus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Star_Plus", "summary": "StarPlus is an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India . The network 's programming consists of family dramas , comedies , youth-oriented reality shows , shows on crime and television films . It is also distributed internationally by The Walt Disney Company India , subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company ." } ] }, { "value": "19 March 2018", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kullfi_Kumarr_Bajewala", "summary": "Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala ( transl . Kullfi Kumarr the musician ) is an Indian musical drama television series which aired from 19 March 2018 to 7 February 2020 on Star Plus . Produced by Gul Khan , Karishma Jain and Nilanjana Purkayasstha , it was directed by Pradeep Yadav and written by Sahana and Faizal Akhtar . It starred Aakriti Sharma , Mohit Malik , Anjali Dinesh Anand and Myra Singh . The soundtrack is composed by Sargam Jassu and Nakash Aziz , with lyrics written by Shashank Kunwar , Divyanidhi Sharma , and edited Satya Sharma . It is a remake of the Bengali television series Potol Kumar Gaanwala . It has also been remade in Sinhala as Sakuge Kathawa on the local channel Swarnavahini . And dubbed in Sinhala as Mini Pahana Obai on the local channel TV Derana ." } ] }, { "value": "Dadi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Star Plus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Star_Plus", "summary": "StarPlus is an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India . The network 's programming consists of family dramas , comedies , youth-oriented reality shows , shows on crime and television films . It is also distributed internationally by The Walt Disney Company India , subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Television", "section_text": "", "uid": "Vidya_Sinha_0", "intro": "Vidya Sinha (15 November 1947 - 15 August 2019) was an Indian film actress who has acted in Hindi films, most known for Rajnigandha (1974), Chhoti Si Baat (1975) and Pati Patni Aur Woh (1978). She started her career as a model and won the Miss Bombay title. Her first movie was Raja Kaka (1974) opposite Kiran Kumar. However, fame came to her through the low-budget break-away hit Rajnigandha (1974), directed by her mentor Basu Chatterjee. She acted in several films after which she took a hiatus. Returning to acting in the later part of her life, she acted in several TV serials and the Salman Khan movie Bodyguard (2011)." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "title": "India at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Sport", "Event", "Date" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Krishnan Sasikiran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Krishnan_Sasikiran", "summary": "Krishnan Sasikiran ( born 7 January 1981 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . He was one of Viswanathan Anand 's seconds in the World Chess Championship 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's individual - Rapid", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dronavalli Harika", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dronavalli_Harika", "summary": "Harika Dronavalli ( born 12 January 1991 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . She has won three bronze medals in the Women 's World Chess Championship , in 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . Dronavalli was honored with the Arjuna Award for the year 2007-08 by the government of India . In 2016 , she won the FIDE Women 's Grand Prix event at Chengdu , China and rose up from world no . 11 to world no . 5 in FIDE women 's ranking . Vladimir Kramnik , Judit Polgar and Viswanathan Anand are her chess inspirations . She was a student of Sri Venkateswara Bala Kuteer , Guntur , Andhra Pradesh . In 2019 , she was awarded the Padma Shri for her contributions towards the field of sports ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's individual - Rapid", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India Krishnan Sasikiran Surya Shekhar Ganguly Chakkravarthy Deepan Koneru Humpy Dronavalli Harika Tania Sachdev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India", "summary": "India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Krishnan_Sasikiran", "summary": "Krishnan Sasikiran ( born 7 January 1981 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . He was one of Viswanathan Anand 's seconds in the World Chess Championship 2013 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Surya_Shekhar_Ganguly", "summary": "Surya Shekhar Ganguly ( Bengali : সূর্য শেখর গাঙ্গুলী ; born 24 February 1983 in Kolkata ) is an Indian chess grandmaster , 2009 Asian champion and six-time Indian champion . Ganguly became an International Master at 16 and a Grandmaster at 19 . He worked in the team of seconds that assisted Anand in winning the World Championship matches against Vladimir Kramnik , Veselin Topalov and Gelfand in 2008 , 2010 and 2012 respectively . He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2005 for his outstanding achievement in sports . He also got the Shera Bangali award in 2009 as the best Sportsperson of Bengal and the Khel Samman award in 2013 from the Government of West Bengal . He was awarded ″Bangabhusan″ , the second-highest civilian award of West Bengal , in 2015 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chakkravarthy_Deepan", "summary": "J. Deepan Chakkravarthy ( born 3 June 1987 ) is an Indian chess player . He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2006 . Born in Madurai , Deepan Chakkravarthy won the Asian Junior Chess Championship in 2002 . In the 2004 edition he finished second to S. Arun Prasad on tiebreak . In the same year he tied for 2nd-4th with Praveen Thipsay and Saidali Iuldachev in the Piloo Mody International Open in Lucknow . Deepan Chakkravarthy was part of the Indian chess team at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games that took the gold medal in the rapid chess event and silver in the standard event ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Koneru_Humpy", "summary": "Humpy Koneru ( born 31 March 1987 , Gudivada , Andhra Pradesh ) is an Indian chess grandmaster and current World Rapid Chess Champion . In October 2007 , she became the second female player , after Judit Polgár , to exceed the 2600 Elo rating mark , being rated 2606 . In 2002 , Koneru became the youngest woman ever to achieve the title of grandmaster ( not solely a Woman Grandmaster ) at the age of 15 years , 1 month , 27 days , beating Judit Polgár 's previous mark by three months ; this record was subsequently broken by Hou Yifan in 2008 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dronavalli_Harika", "summary": "Harika Dronavalli ( born 12 January 1991 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . She has won three bronze medals in the Women 's World Chess Championship , in 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . Dronavalli was honored with the Arjuna Award for the year 2007-08 by the government of India . In 2016 , she won the FIDE Women 's Grand Prix event at Chengdu , China and rose up from world no . 11 to world no . 5 in FIDE women 's ranking . Vladimir Kramnik , Judit Polgar and Viswanathan Anand are her chess inspirations . She was a student of Sri Venkateswara Bala Kuteer , Guntur , Andhra Pradesh . In 2019 , she was awarded the Padma Shri for her contributions towards the field of sports ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tania_Sachdev", "summary": "Tania Sachdev ( born 20 August 1986 ) is an Indian chess player , who holds the FIDE titles of International Master ( IM ) and Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) . She is also a chess presenter and commentator ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Mixed team - Rapid", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 26-27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sinimol Paulose", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sinimol_Paulose", "summary": "Sini A Markose ( Sinimole Paulose ) is an Indian middle distance runner born in Pampakuda , Ernakulam district of Kerala state , who had won 39 international medals and participated in three Asian Games ( 2006 , 2010 & 2014 ) in her athletic career so far . She conferred with the prestigious Arjuna Award for her outstanding performance in the field of Athletics in 2009 . Her major accolades include Five Asian Championship Titles ( indoor & outdoor ) in 800m and 1500m running and an Asian Games Bronze medal in 1500m running . She is the current Asian Indoor Athletics Championships Record holder in 800m & 1500m running ." } ] }, { "value": "Indoor athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indoor_athletics_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Indoor athletics at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 30 October to 1 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women - 1500 m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chatholi Hamza", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chatholi_Hamza", "summary": "Hamza Chatholi ( born 1 November 1981 ) is an Indian athlete who competes in the 1500 metres event . In the 2007 Asian Indoor Games , he won the gold medal in beating defending champion Abubaker Ali Kamal of Qatar and set a new games record ." } ] }, { "value": "Indoor athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indoor_athletics_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Indoor athletics at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 30 October to 1 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men - 1500 m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "P. J. Vinod", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Indoor athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indoor_athletics_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Indoor athletics at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 30 October to 1 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men - Heptathlon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Krishnan Sasikiran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Krishnan_Sasikiran", "summary": "Krishnan Sasikiran ( born 7 January 1981 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . He was one of Viswanathan Anand 's seconds in the World Chess Championship 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's individual - Blitz", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Koneru Humpy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Koneru_Humpy", "summary": "Humpy Koneru ( born 31 March 1987 , Gudivada , Andhra Pradesh ) is an Indian chess grandmaster and current World Rapid Chess Champion . In October 2007 , she became the second female player , after Judit Polgár , to exceed the 2600 Elo rating mark , being rated 2606 . In 2002 , Koneru became the youngest woman ever to achieve the title of grandmaster ( not solely a Woman Grandmaster ) at the age of 15 years , 1 month , 27 days , beating Judit Polgár 's previous mark by three months ; this record was subsequently broken by Hou Yifan in 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's individual - Blitz", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India_national_kabaddi_team", "summary": "The India national Kabaddi Team represents India in international kabaddi competitions . They have won gold medals in all the Asian Games to date except the 2018 Asian Games , and they have won all Kabaddi World Cup events except the recently concluded 2020 Kabaddi World Cup held in Pakistan . Indian national kabbadi team has recently won Asian Kabaddi Championship 2017 defeating Pakistan in the final by 36-22 under the captaincy of Ajay Thakur ." } ] }, { "value": "Kabaddi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kabaddi_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Kabaddi was contested by seven teams at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games in Macau , China from 30 October to 3 November . The competition took place at Luso-Chinesa School Pavilion . India won the gold medal after beating Pakistan in the final 35-17 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India Krishnan Sasikiran Surya Shekhar Ganguly Arun Prasad Subramanian Koneru Humpy Dronavalli Harika Tania Sachdev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India", "summary": "India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Krishnan_Sasikiran", "summary": "Krishnan Sasikiran ( born 7 January 1981 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . He was one of Viswanathan Anand 's seconds in the World Chess Championship 2013 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Surya_Shekhar_Ganguly", "summary": "Surya Shekhar Ganguly ( Bengali : সূর্য শেখর গাঙ্গুলী ; born 24 February 1983 in Kolkata ) is an Indian chess grandmaster , 2009 Asian champion and six-time Indian champion . Ganguly became an International Master at 16 and a Grandmaster at 19 . He worked in the team of seconds that assisted Anand in winning the World Championship matches against Vladimir Kramnik , Veselin Topalov and Gelfand in 2008 , 2010 and 2012 respectively . He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2005 for his outstanding achievement in sports . He also got the Shera Bangali award in 2009 as the best Sportsperson of Bengal and the Khel Samman award in 2013 from the Government of West Bengal . He was awarded ″Bangabhusan″ , the second-highest civilian award of West Bengal , in 2015 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Koneru_Humpy", "summary": "Humpy Koneru ( born 31 March 1987 , Gudivada , Andhra Pradesh ) is an Indian chess grandmaster and current World Rapid Chess Champion . In October 2007 , she became the second female player , after Judit Polgár , to exceed the 2600 Elo rating mark , being rated 2606 . In 2002 , Koneru became the youngest woman ever to achieve the title of grandmaster ( not solely a Woman Grandmaster ) at the age of 15 years , 1 month , 27 days , beating Judit Polgár 's previous mark by three months ; this record was subsequently broken by Hou Yifan in 2008 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dronavalli_Harika", "summary": "Harika Dronavalli ( born 12 January 1991 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . She has won three bronze medals in the Women 's World Chess Championship , in 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . Dronavalli was honored with the Arjuna Award for the year 2007-08 by the government of India . In 2016 , she won the FIDE Women 's Grand Prix event at Chengdu , China and rose up from world no . 11 to world no . 5 in FIDE women 's ranking . Vladimir Kramnik , Judit Polgar and Viswanathan Anand are her chess inspirations . She was a student of Sri Venkateswara Bala Kuteer , Guntur , Andhra Pradesh . In 2019 , she was awarded the Padma Shri for her contributions towards the field of sports ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tania_Sachdev", "summary": "Tania Sachdev ( born 20 August 1986 ) is an Indian chess player , who holds the FIDE titles of International Master ( IM ) and Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) . She is also a chess presenter and commentator ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Mixed team - Blitz", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India Krishnan Sasikiran Surya Shekhar Ganguly Chakkravarthy Deepan Koneru Humpy Dronavalli Harika Meenakshi Subbaraman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India", "summary": "India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Krishnan_Sasikiran", "summary": "Krishnan Sasikiran ( born 7 January 1981 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . He was one of Viswanathan Anand 's seconds in the World Chess Championship 2013 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Surya_Shekhar_Ganguly", "summary": "Surya Shekhar Ganguly ( Bengali : সূর্য শেখর গাঙ্গুলী ; born 24 February 1983 in Kolkata ) is an Indian chess grandmaster , 2009 Asian champion and six-time Indian champion . Ganguly became an International Master at 16 and a Grandmaster at 19 . He worked in the team of seconds that assisted Anand in winning the World Championship matches against Vladimir Kramnik , Veselin Topalov and Gelfand in 2008 , 2010 and 2012 respectively . He was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2005 for his outstanding achievement in sports . He also got the Shera Bangali award in 2009 as the best Sportsperson of Bengal and the Khel Samman award in 2013 from the Government of West Bengal . He was awarded ″Bangabhusan″ , the second-highest civilian award of West Bengal , in 2015 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chakkravarthy_Deepan", "summary": "J. Deepan Chakkravarthy ( born 3 June 1987 ) is an Indian chess player . He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2006 . Born in Madurai , Deepan Chakkravarthy won the Asian Junior Chess Championship in 2002 . In the 2004 edition he finished second to S. Arun Prasad on tiebreak . In the same year he tied for 2nd-4th with Praveen Thipsay and Saidali Iuldachev in the Piloo Mody International Open in Lucknow . Deepan Chakkravarthy was part of the Indian chess team at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games that took the gold medal in the rapid chess event and silver in the standard event ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Koneru_Humpy", "summary": "Humpy Koneru ( born 31 March 1987 , Gudivada , Andhra Pradesh ) is an Indian chess grandmaster and current World Rapid Chess Champion . In October 2007 , she became the second female player , after Judit Polgár , to exceed the 2600 Elo rating mark , being rated 2606 . In 2002 , Koneru became the youngest woman ever to achieve the title of grandmaster ( not solely a Woman Grandmaster ) at the age of 15 years , 1 month , 27 days , beating Judit Polgár 's previous mark by three months ; this record was subsequently broken by Hou Yifan in 2008 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dronavalli_Harika", "summary": "Harika Dronavalli ( born 12 January 1991 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . She has won three bronze medals in the Women 's World Chess Championship , in 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . Dronavalli was honored with the Arjuna Award for the year 2007-08 by the government of India . In 2016 , she won the FIDE Women 's Grand Prix event at Chengdu , China and rose up from world no . 11 to world no . 5 in FIDE women 's ranking . Vladimir Kramnik , Judit Polgar and Viswanathan Anand are her chess inspirations . She was a student of Sri Venkateswara Bala Kuteer , Guntur , Andhra Pradesh . In 2019 , she was awarded the Padma Shri for her contributions towards the field of sports ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Meenakshi_Subbaraman", "summary": "Subbaraman Meenakshi ( born 24 October 1981 ) , is an Indian Woman Grandmaster ( WGM , 2004 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Mixed team - Classic", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 28-30", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Geet Sethi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Geet_Sethi", "summary": "Geet Siriram Sethi ( born 17 April 1961 ) of India is a professional player of English billiards who dominated the sport throughout much of the 1990s , and a notable amateur ( ex-pro ) snooker player . He is a six-time winner of the professional-level and a three-time winner of the amateur World Championships , and holder of two world records , in English billiards . He , along with Prakash Padukone , has co-founded Olympic Gold Quest , a Foundation for the Promotion of Sports in India ." } ] }, { "value": "Cue Sports", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Cue sports at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 27 October to 2 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "English billiards - Singles", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Surendra Singh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Surendra_Singh_(athlete)", "summary": "Surendra Kumar Singh ( born October 1 , 1978 ) is an Indian long-distance runner who represented India at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing in the 10,000 metres . He placed 26th in the event . He holds the Indian records for the 3000 metres and 10,000 m with times of 7:50.31 minutes and 28:02.89 minutes , respectively . He competed for his country in the 5000 m and 10,000 m at the 2006 Asian Games and placed sixth in both distances . At the 2007 Asian Indoor Games he was the silver medallist behind Qatar 's Charles Bett Koech over 3000 metres . He also represented India at the 2007 Asian Championships in Jordan , participating in the 5000 metres and 10,000 m events finishing fifth in both . At the 2008 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships he was again runner-up to a Kenyan-born Qatari in the 3000 m ( Sultan Khamis Zaman on this occasion ) . He won the 3000 m in the 2009 Asian Athletics Grand Prix . He competed on the world stage over 10,000 m that year at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics and placed 19th in a large field of runners ." } ] }, { "value": "Indoor athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indoor_athletics_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Indoor athletics at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 30 October to 1 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men - 3000 m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sinimol Paulose", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sinimol_Paulose", "summary": "Sini A Markose ( Sinimole Paulose ) is an Indian middle distance runner born in Pampakuda , Ernakulam district of Kerala state , who had won 39 international medals and participated in three Asian Games ( 2006 , 2010 & 2014 ) in her athletic career so far . She conferred with the prestigious Arjuna Award for her outstanding performance in the field of Athletics in 2009 . Her major accolades include Five Asian Championship Titles ( indoor & outdoor ) in 800m and 1500m running and an Asian Games Bronze medal in 1500m running . She is the current Asian Indoor Athletics Championships Record holder in 800m & 1500m running ." } ] }, { "value": "Indoor athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indoor_athletics_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Indoor athletics at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 30 October to 1 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women - 800 m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Preeja Sreedharan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Preeja_Sreedharan", "summary": "Preeja Sreedharan ( born 13 March 1982 at Mullakkanam , Idukki , Kerala ) is an Indian long-distance runner . She holds the national records in both the 10,000 metres and 5000 metres disciplines , which she set en route to the gold and silver medals at 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games . Sreedharan was conferred with the Arjuna Award , India 's second highest sporting honour by the central government in 2011 . Sreedharan 's breakthrough came in 2007 , when she won the silver medal in both the disciplines at the Asian Athletics Championships . She bettered her personal bests and the Indian national records in both the 10000 and 5000 meters at 2010 Asian Games ; she won the gold in the 10000 meters and the silver in 5000 meters . She announced her retirement from international circuit in February 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Indoor athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indoor_athletics_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Indoor athletics at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 30 October to 1 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women - 3000 m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sandeep Shukla", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sandeep_Shukla", "summary": "Sandeep Kumar Shukla is currently Poonam and Prabhu Goel Chair Professor and Head of Computer Science and Engineering Department , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , India . He is currently the Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Embedded Systems , and associate editor for ACM transactions on Cyber Physical Systems . Shukla obtained his B.E . degree from Jadavpur University in 1991 . After graduation , he immigrated to the United States where he attended University at Albany , SUNY for three years . When he graduated from it with an M.S . degree he got enrolled into its Ph.D. program , completing it in 1997 . He was a faculty at the Virginia Tech , Arlington , Virginia between 2002 and 2015 . In 2014 , he was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) for contributions to applied probablistic model checking for system design ." } ] }, { "value": "Muay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muay_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Muay Thai at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 29 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Middleweight 71-75 kg )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sandeep Sejwal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sandeep_Sejwal", "summary": "Sandeep Sejwal ( born 23 January 1989 in Delhi ) , is an Indian swimmer . He contested in the men 's 100 m and 200 m breaststroke events at the 2010 Asian Juniors in Beijing , but did not reach the finals in both events . He won the bronze medal in 2014 Asian games in 50 m breaststroke . He was awarded the Arjuna award by government of India by then president Dr.Pranab Mukherjee ." } ] }, { "value": "Muay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muay_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Muay Thai at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 29 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "50 m breaststroke", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sandeep Sejwal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sandeep_Sejwal", "summary": "Sandeep Sejwal ( born 23 January 1989 in Delhi ) , is an Indian swimmer . He contested in the men 's 100 m and 200 m breaststroke events at the 2010 Asian Juniors in Beijing , but did not reach the finals in both events . He won the bronze medal in 2014 Asian games in 50 m breaststroke . He was awarded the Arjuna award by government of India by then president Dr.Pranab Mukherjee ." } ] }, { "value": "Muay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muay_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Muay Thai at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 29 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "100 m breaststroke", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 30", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dronavalli Harika", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dronavalli_Harika", "summary": "Harika Dronavalli ( born 12 January 1991 ) is an Indian chess grandmaster . She has won three bronze medals in the Women 's World Chess Championship , in 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . Dronavalli was honored with the Arjuna Award for the year 2007-08 by the government of India . In 2016 , she won the FIDE Women 's Grand Prix event at Chengdu , China and rose up from world no . 11 to world no . 5 in FIDE women 's ranking . Vladimir Kramnik , Judit Polgar and Viswanathan Anand are her chess inspirations . She was a student of Sri Venkateswara Bala Kuteer , Guntur , Andhra Pradesh . In 2019 , she was awarded the Padma Shri for her contributions towards the field of sports ." } ] }, { "value": "Chess", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chess_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Chess at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau International Shooting Range , Macau , China from 26 October to 3 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's individual - Classic", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yasin Merchant Alok Kumar Manan Chandra", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yasin_Merchant", "summary": "Yasin Merchant , born 17 December 1966 is India 's first professional snooker player . He won the National Snooker championships on 3 occasions , in 2001 , 2000 and 1991 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Manan_Chandra", "summary": "Manan Chandra ( born 28 February 1981 in New Delhi ) is an internationally notable Indian amateur snooker and pool player . Chandra reached the semi final at the 2006 IBSF World Championships in Amman , Jordan , where he was eliminated by Daniel Ward 8-7 . Chandra is married to Anuja Thakur , who is also a successful Indian amateur snookers and billiards player . Indian duo Pankaj Advani , Manan Chandra conquered the Snooker Team WorldCup 2018 ousting Pakistan-2 ( Muhammad Asif , Babar Masih ) , 3-2 ." } ] }, { "value": "Cue Sports", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games", "summary": "Cue sports at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau East Asian Games Dome , Macau , China from 27 October to 2 November 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Snooker - Team", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 31", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Medalists", "section_text": "", "uid": "India_at_the_2007_Asian_Indoor_Games_0", "intro": "India participated in the 2007 Asian Indoor Games held in Macau, China from October 26 to November 3. India finished at 6th place with 9 Gold, 9 Silver and 10 Bronze medals taking Total medals telly to 28." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_films", "title": "List of African films", "header": [ "Year", "Title", "Director", "Genre" ], "data": [ { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Guns for Sale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guns_for_Sale", "summary": "Guns for Sale is a 1998 documentary film about the affect of guns on manhood , raiding , and livelihood in Karamajong , northern Uganda ." } ] }, { "value": "Richard Alwyn", "urls": [] }, { "value": "documentary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Documentary_film", "summary": "A documentary film is a non-fictional , motion picture intended to document reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record . Documentary has been described as a filmmaking practice , a cinematic tradition , and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries . Documentary films were originally called actuality films , and were one minute , or less , in length . Over time , documentaries have evolved to be longer in length , and to include more categories ; some examples being : educational , observational , and docufiction . Documentaries are meant to be informative works , and are often used within schools , as a resource to teach various principles . Social media platforms , such as YouTube , have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary film genre ; These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility ; thereby , enhancing the ability to educate a larger volume of viewers , and broadening the reach of persons who receive that information ." } ] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ABC Africa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ABC_Africa", "summary": "ABC Africa is a 2001 Iranian documentary feature film directed by Abbas Kiarostami . It was screened out of competition at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival . Invited by the United Nations to study the endeavors of the Uganda Women 's Effort to Save Orphans , Kiarostami and his collaborator Seifollah Samadian initially went to the country to scout locations for a feature-length film . However , when the pair returned home and examined the more than twenty hours of digital footage shot on digital video with a handheld video camera over the course of ten days , they decided their material was worth editing into the feature-length film . For Kiarostami , this film was a return to his early themes of resilient children in the face of adversity , but for the first time it was outside his homeland with a more versatile format . Nevertheless , Irans foremost film-maker has succeeded in locating reasons for optimism among the nearly two million orphans left helpless by the ravages of civil war and AIDS ." } ] }, { "value": "Abbas Kiarostami", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami", "summary": "Abbas Kiarostami ( Persian : عباس کیارستمی [ ʔæbˌbɒːs kijɒːɾostæˈmi ] ( listen ) ; 22 June 1940 - 4 July 2016 ) was an Iranian film director , screenwriter , poet , photographer , and film producer . An active film-maker from 1970 , Kiarostami had been involved in the production of over forty films , including shorts and documentaries . Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker trilogy ( 1987-1994 ) , Close-Up ( 1990 ) , The Wind Will Carry Us ( 1999 ) , and Taste of Cherry ( 1997 ) , which was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival that year . In later works , Certified Copy ( 2010 ) and Like Someone in Love ( 2012 ) , he filmed for the first time outside Iran : in Italy and Japan , respectively . His films Where Is the Friends Home ? , Close-Up , and The Wind Will Carry Us were ranked among the 100 best foreign films in a 2018 critics ' poll by BBC Culture . Close-Up was also ranked one of the 50 greatest movies of all time in the famous decennial Sight & Sound poll conducted in 2012 . Kiarostami had worked extensively as a screenwriter , film editor , art director and producer and had designed credit titles and publicity material . He was also a poet , photographer , painter , illustrator , and graphic designer . He was part of a generation of filmmakers in the Iranian New Wave , a Persian cinema movement that started in the late 1960s and includes pioneering directors such as Bahram Beyzai , Nasser Taghvai , Ali Hatami , Masoud Kimiai , Dariush Mehrjui , Sohrab Shahid-Saless and Parviz Kimiavi . These filmmakers share many common techniques including the use of poetic dialogue and allegorical storytelling dealing with political and philosophical issues . Kiarostami had a reputation for using child protagonists , for documentary-style narrative films , for stories that take place in rural villages , and for conversations that unfold inside cars , using stationary mounted cameras . He is also known for his use of Persian poetry in the dialogue , titles , and themes of his films ." } ] }, { "value": "documentary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Documentary_film", "summary": "A documentary film is a non-fictional , motion picture intended to document reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record . Documentary has been described as a filmmaking practice , a cinematic tradition , and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries . Documentary films were originally called actuality films , and were one minute , or less , in length . Over time , documentaries have evolved to be longer in length , and to include more categories ; some examples being : educational , observational , and docufiction . Documentaries are meant to be informative works , and are often used within schools , as a resource to teach various principles . Social media platforms , such as YouTube , have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary film genre ; These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility ; thereby , enhancing the ability to educate a larger volume of viewers , and broadening the reach of persons who receive that information ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Invisible Children", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Invisible_Children", "summary": "Invisible Children is a 2006 American documentary film which depicts the human rights abuses by the Lord 's Resistance Army in Uganda ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "short documentary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Short_film", "summary": "A short film is any motion picture not long enough in running time to be considered a feature film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less , including all credits . In the United States , short films were generally termed short subjects from the 1920s into the 1970s when confined to two 35mm reels or less , and featurettes for a film of three or four reels . Short was an abbreviation for either term . The increasingly rare industry term short subject carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film . Short films are often screened at local , national , or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers with either a low budget or no budget at all . They are usually funded by film grants , nonprofit organizations , sponsor , or personal funds . Short films are generally used for industry experience and as a platform to showcase talent to secure funding for future projects from private investors , a production company , or film studios ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Documentary_film", "summary": "A documentary film is a non-fictional , motion picture intended to document reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record . Documentary has been described as a filmmaking practice , a cinematic tradition , and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries . Documentary films were originally called actuality films , and were one minute , or less , in length . Over time , documentaries have evolved to be longer in length , and to include more categories ; some examples being : educational , observational , and docufiction . Documentaries are meant to be informative works , and are often used within schools , as a resource to teach various principles . Social media platforms , such as YouTube , have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary film genre ; These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility ; thereby , enhancing the ability to educate a larger volume of viewers , and broadening the reach of persons who receive that information ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Who Killed Captain Alex ?", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Who_Killed_Captain_Alex?", "summary": "Who Killed Captain Alex ? is a 2010 Ugandan action-comedy film written , produced , and directed by Nabwana Isaac Geoffrey Godfrey ( IGG ) , in Wakaliwood , an ultra low-budget studio in Kampala , Uganda . It has gained viral notoriety for being a no-budget action film , produced on a reported budget of under $ 200 though producer Alan Hofmanis admitted that it was a meager $ 85 . A trailer for the film was uploaded to YouTube in January 2010 , and has been viewed over 3.2 million times as of November 2018 . The original version of the film was lost due to power outages and strained conditions , while the surviving version of Who Killed Captain Alex ? released online includes an English Video Joker commentary that adds in running gags about the characters ." } ] }, { "value": "Nabwana IGG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "action film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Action_film", "summary": "Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists are thrust into a series of events that typically include violence , extended fighting , physical feats , and frantic chases . Action films tend to feature a resourceful hero struggling against incredible odds , which include life-threatening situations , a villain , or a pursuit which usually concludes in victory for the hero ( though a small number of films in this genre have ended in the victory for the villain instead ) . Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences and other visual effects that required the efforts of professional stunt crews in the past . However , reactions to action films containing significant amounts of CGI have been mixed , as films that use computer animations to create unrealistic , highly unbelievable events are often met with criticism . While action has long been a recurring component in films , the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects . Common action scenes in films are generally , but not limited to , explosions , car chases , fistfights , and shootouts . This genre is closely associated with the thriller and adventure genres , and they may also contain elements of drama and spy fiction ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hello", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hello_(2011_film)", "summary": "Hello is a Ugandan drama short film directed by John Martyn Ntabazi and written by Usama Mukwaya . The movie was made under the MNFPAC workshop and won the overall best short film . It debuted its screening at the 2011 Pearl International Film Festival . It is Usama 's first screenplay ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "short", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Short_film", "summary": "A short film is any motion picture not long enough in running time to be considered a feature film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less , including all credits . In the United States , short films were generally termed short subjects from the 1920s into the 1970s when confined to two 35mm reels or less , and featurettes for a film of three or four reels . Short was an abbreviation for either term . The increasingly rare industry term short subject carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film . Short films are often screened at local , national , or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers with either a low budget or no budget at all . They are usually funded by film grants , nonprofit organizations , sponsor , or personal funds . Short films are generally used for industry experience and as a platform to showcase talent to secure funding for future projects from private investors , a production company , or film studios ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "State Research Bureau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/State_Research_Bureau_(film)", "summary": "State Research Bureau , also marketed as S.R.B. , is a Ugandan action film directed by Matt Bish . It 's a story based on Uganda 's dark past and exposes the brutality of the President 's secret intelligence police that ran safe houses ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Life", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Life_(2012_Film)", "summary": "The Life is a Ugandan drama feature film created , written and directed by Nana Kagga . The film features Ugandan actors including Gasuza Lwanga , Maureen Nankya , Elvis Vamposs Kirya , Tibba Murungi , Susan Nava . M-NET secured film screening rights and the film was shown on its Africa Magic channels ." } ] }, { "value": "Nana Kagga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nana_Kagga", "summary": "Nana Hill Kagga Macpherson ( also known as Nana Kagga-Hill or as Nana Hill or Nana Hill Kagga ) is a Ugandan actress , filmmaker , content creator , scriptwriter , petroleum engineer and motivational speaker . She is known for her work on The Life , Beneath The Lies - The Series as a writer and executive producer , and as an actress in shows such as Star Trek . She was one of the judges for Miss Uganda 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "drama film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drama_film", "summary": "In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "In Just Hours", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/In_Just_Hours", "summary": "In Just Hours is a Ugandan short drama film written and directed by Usama Mukwaya . Produced through the Mariam Ndagire Film and Performing Arts Centre under the Movie Furnace project , the movie won the best film in the competition 's second season . It premiered in the Nile Diaspora International Film Festival and later screened at the Manya Human Rights Film Festival . It was also nominated in the 4th Pearl International Film Festival for best student film under the MNFPAC ." } ] }, { "value": "Usama Mukwaya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Usama_Mukwaya", "summary": "Usama ( /ʊˈsɑːmə/ ) Osam Nyanzi Mukwaya ( born 12 December 1989 ) is a Ugandan film director , screenwriter , producer , actor and television host . His breakthrough in his film career came with the short film Hello that won overall best film in the 2010 MNFPAC Students Awards . His directorial debut was Love Faces , released in January 2018 . His other major films include Bala Bala Sese , directed by Lukyamuzi Bashir ; Mukwaya is credited as the film 's writer and producer . The film was nominated by the Africa Movie Academy Awards for Best Film in an African Language . As of November 2018 , he currently serves as the chief content officer for Stream Afrique ." } ] }, { "value": "short", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Short_film", "summary": "A short film is any motion picture not long enough in running time to be considered a feature film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less , including all credits . In the United States , short films were generally termed short subjects from the 1920s into the 1970s when confined to two 35mm reels or less , and featurettes for a film of three or four reels . Short was an abbreviation for either term . The increasingly rare industry term short subject carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film . Short films are often screened at local , national , or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers with either a low budget or no budget at all . They are usually funded by film grants , nonprofit organizations , sponsor , or personal funds . Short films are generally used for industry experience and as a platform to showcase talent to secure funding for future projects from private investors , a production company , or film studios ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Route", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Route", "summary": "The Route is a Ugandan film directed by Jayant Maru , based on a screenplay he wrote . It is about human trafficking in Uganda ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bala Bala Sese", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bala_Bala_Sese", "summary": "Bala Bala Sese is a Ugandan film directed by Lukyamuzi Bashir , based upon a screenplay by Usama Mukwaya , starring Michael Kasaija , Natasha Sinayobye , Raymond Rushabiro , Ismael Ssesanga , Fiona Birungi , Ashraf Ssemwogerere and Ddungu Jabal . It 's the director 's , writer 's and producers ' debut feature film ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tiktok", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tiktok_(film)", "summary": "Tiktok is a Ugandan silent short film written and directed by Usama Mukwaya . The movie features single actor Patriq Nkakalukanyi . It 's Usama 's first film under his film company O Studios Entertainment and it is his first film as a writer , director and producer . The film premiered at the inaugural Mashariki African Film Festival and received a nomination for best short film ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "short", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Short_film", "summary": "A short film is any motion picture not long enough in running time to be considered a feature film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less , including all credits . In the United States , short films were generally termed short subjects from the 1920s into the 1970s when confined to two 35mm reels or less , and featurettes for a film of three or four reels . Short was an abbreviation for either term . The increasingly rare industry term short subject carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film . Short films are often screened at local , national , or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers with either a low budget or no budget at all . They are usually funded by film grants , nonprofit organizations , sponsor , or personal funds . Short films are generally used for industry experience and as a platform to showcase talent to secure funding for future projects from private investors , a production company , or film studios ." } ] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sipi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sipi_(film)", "summary": "SIPI is a Ugandan film written by Mukasa Kelly James , directed by Jayant Maru and starring Olympian Gold Medalist Stephen Kiprotich , Patriq Nkakalukanyi with an appearance by Miss Uganda 2014 Leah Kalanguka and in a lead role actor Sammy Wetala ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2016", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Queen of Katwe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Queen_of_Katwe", "summary": "Queen of Katwe is a 2016 American biographical drama feature film directed by Mira Nair and written by William Wheeler . Starring David Oyelowo , Lupita Nyong ' o , and Madina Nalwanga , the film depicts the life of Phiona Mutesi , a girl living in Katwe , a slum of Kampala , the capital of Uganda . She learns to play chess and becomes a Woman Candidate Master after her victories at World Chess Olympiads . Adapted from an ESPN magazine article and book by Tim Crothers , the film was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and ESPN Films . Queen of Katwe was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . The film had a limited release in the United States on September 23 , 2016 , before a general theatrical release on September 30 ." } ] }, { "value": "Mira Nair", "urls": [] }, { "value": "sports drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sports_drama", "summary": "A sports film is a film genre that uses sport as the theme of the film . It is a production in which a sport , sporting event , athlete ( and their sport ) , or follower of sport ( and the sport they follow ) are prominently featured , and which depend on sport to a significant degree for their plot motivation or resolution . Despite this , sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role . Furthermore , sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies , but sports fans tend to have a large following or respect for such movies ." } ] }, { "value": "2016", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bad Black", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bad_Black", "summary": "Bad Black is a 2016 Ugandan action-comedy film written , produced , and directed by Nabwana Isaac Geoffrey Godfrey ( IGG ) , in Wakaliwood , an ultra low-budget studio in Kampala , Uganda ." } ] }, { "value": "Nabwana IGG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "action film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Action_film", "summary": "Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists are thrust into a series of events that typically include violence , extended fighting , physical feats , and frantic chases . Action films tend to feature a resourceful hero struggling against incredible odds , which include life-threatening situations , a villain , or a pursuit which usually concludes in victory for the hero ( though a small number of films in this genre have ended in the victory for the villain instead ) . Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences and other visual effects that required the efforts of professional stunt crews in the past . However , reactions to action films containing significant amounts of CGI have been mixed , as films that use computer animations to create unrealistic , highly unbelievable events are often met with criticism . While action has long been a recurring component in films , the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects . Common action scenes in films are generally , but not limited to , explosions , car chases , fistfights , and shootouts . This genre is closely associated with the thriller and adventure genres , and they may also contain elements of drama and spy fiction ." } ] }, { "value": "2018", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Veronica 's Wish", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Veronica's_Wish", "summary": "Veronicas Wish is a Ugandan English language drama film starring Nisha Kalema ( Veronica ) , Housen Mushema ( Michael ) , Malaika Nnyanzi ( Bankia ) and Symon Base Kalema ( Frank ) . It premiered in Uganda on 17 November 2018 . The film was selected at major film festivals around the world including Silcon Valley African Film Festival , Uganda Film Festival and Mashariki African Film Festival and even won nominations and awards at the latter two ." } ] }, { "value": "Rehema Nanfuka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rehema_Nanfuka", "summary": "Rehema Nanfuka ( born May 25 , 1986 ) is a Ugandan film , theatre and television actress , director , and filmmaker known for her roles in Imani , Veronica 's Wish , Imbabazi - The Pardon , Haunted Souls , The Road We Travel , Queen of Katwe , Imperial Blue among other films ." } ] }, { "value": "feature film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Feature_film", "summary": "A feature film , feature-length film , or theatrical film is a film ( also called a motion picture or movie ) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole film to fill a program . The term feature film originally referred to the main , full-length film in a cinema program that also included a short film and often a newsreel . The notion of how long a feature film should be has varied according to time and place . According to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences , the American Film Institute and the British Film Institute , a feature film runs for more than 40 minutes , while the Screen Actors Guild asserts that a feature 's running time is 75 minutes or longer . Most feature films are between 75 and 210 minutes long . The first narrative feature film was the 60-minute The Story of the Kelly Gang ( 1906 , Australia ) . The first ( proto ) -feature-length adaptation was Les Misérables ( 1909 , U.S. ) . Other early feature films include The Inferno ( L'Inferno ) ( 1911 ) , Defence of Sevastopol ( 1911 ) , Quo Vadis ? ( 1913 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1912 ) ( American version ) , Oliver Twist ( 1912 ) ( British version ) , Richard III ( 1912 ) , From the Manger to the Cross ( 1912 ) and Cleopatra ( 1912 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "2018", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BreadWinner", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ochwo emmax", "urls": [] }, { "value": "short film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Short_film", "summary": "A short film is any motion picture not long enough in running time to be considered a feature film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less , including all credits . In the United States , short films were generally termed short subjects from the 1920s into the 1970s when confined to two 35mm reels or less , and featurettes for a film of three or four reels . Short was an abbreviation for either term . The increasingly rare industry term short subject carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film . Short films are often screened at local , national , or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers with either a low budget or no budget at all . They are usually funded by film grants , nonprofit organizations , sponsor , or personal funds . Short films are generally used for industry experience and as a platform to showcase talent to secure funding for future projects from private investors , a production company , or film studios ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Uganda", "section_text": "Also see ,", "uid": "List_of_African_films_18", "intro": "The following is a list of African films. It is arranged alphabetically by country of origin." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Governors_Association", "title": "Republican Governors Association", "header": [ "Term", "Chair", "State" ], "data": [ { "value": "1963-1966", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert Symlie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_E._Smylie", "summary": "Robert Eben Smylie ( October 31 , 1914 - July 17 , 2004 ) was an American politician and attorney from Idaho . A member of the Idaho Republican Party , he served as the 24th Governor of Idaho for twelve years , from 1955 to 1967 ." } ] }, { "value": "Idaho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Idaho", "summary": "Idaho ( /ˈaɪdəhoʊ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast , Wyoming to the east , Nevada and Utah to the south , and Washington and Oregon to the west . To the north , it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia . With a population of approximately 1.7 million and an area of 83,569 square miles ( 216,440 km2 ) , Idaho is the 14th largest , the 12th least populous and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital and largest city is Boise . Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited by Native American peoples , some of whom still live in the area . In the early 19th century , Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country , an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom . It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846 , but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863 , instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory . Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3 , 1890 , becoming the 43rd state . Forming part of the Pacific Northwest ( and the associated Cascadia bioregion ) , Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions . The state 's north , the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle , is closely linked with Eastern Washington with which it shares the Pacific Time Zone - the rest of the state uses the Mountain Time Zone . The state 's south includes the Snake River Plain ( which has most of the population and agricultural land ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1966-1967", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Love", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Arthur_Love", "summary": "John Arthur Love ( November 29 , 1916 - January 21 , 2002 ) was an American attorney and Republican politician who served as the 36th Governor of the State of Colorado from 1963 to 1973 ." } ] }, { "value": "Colorado", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colorado", "summary": "Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used ." } ] }, { "value": "1967-1968", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Chafee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Chafee", "summary": "John Lester Hubbard Chafee ( /ˈtʃeɪfiː/ CHAY-fee ; October 22 , 1922 - October 24 , 1999 ) was an American politician . He served as an officer in the United States Marine Corps , as the 66th Governor of Rhode Island , as the Secretary of the Navy , and as a United States Senator ." } ] }, { "value": "Rhode Island", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rhode_Island", "summary": "Rhode Island ( /ˌroʊd -/ ( listen ) , like road ) , officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is a state in the New England region of the United States . It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh least populous , but it is also the second most densely populated . Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west , Massachusetts to the north and east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound . It also shares a small maritime border with New York . Providence is the state capital and most populous city in Rhode Island . On May 4 , 1776 , the Colony of Rhode Island was the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown , and it was the fourth among the newly independent states to ratify the Articles of Confederation on February 9 , 1778 . The state boycotted the 1787 convention which drew up the United States Constitution and initially refused to ratify it ; it was the last of the original 13 states to do so on May 29 , 1790 . Rhode Island 's official nickname is The Ocean State , a reference to the large bays and inlets that amount to about 14 percent of its total area ." } ] }, { "value": "1968-1970", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ronald Reagan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ronald_Reagan", "summary": "Ronald Wilson Reagan ( /ˈreɪɡən/ ; February 6 , 1911 - June 5 , 2004 ) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism . Prior to his presidency , he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975 . Reagan was raised in a low-income family in small towns of northern Illinois . He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports commentator on several regional radio stations . After moving to California in 1937 , he found work as an actor and starred in a few major productions . Reagan was twice elected president of the Screen Actors Guild - the labor union for actors - where he worked to root out Communist influence . In the 1950s , he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories , during which time he became a conservative . Reagan was a Democrat until 1962 when he switched to the Republican Party . In 1964 , Reagan 's speech A Time for Choosing supported Barry Goldwater 's foundering presidential campaign and earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman . Building a network of supporters , Reagan was elected governor of California in 1966 . As governor , Reagan raised taxes , turned a state budget deficit to a surplus , challenged the protesters at the University of California , ordered in National Guard troops during a period of protest movements in 1969 , and was re-elected in 1970 . He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination , in 1968 and 1976 ." } ] }, { "value": "California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/California", "summary": "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ." } ] }, { "value": "1970-1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Louie Nunn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louie_B._Nunn", "summary": "Louie Broady Nunn ( March 8 , 1924 - January 29 , 2004 ) was the 52nd governor of Kentucky . His election in 1967 made him the first Republican to hold that office since the end of Simeon Willis ' term in 1947 , and the last to hold the position until the election of Ernie Fletcher in 2003 . After rendering noncombat service in World War II and graduating from law school , Nunn entered local politics , becoming the first Republican county judge in the history of Barren County , Kentucky . He worked on the campaigns of Republican candidates for national office , including John Sherman Cooper , Thruston Morton , and Dwight D. Eisenhower . He was the Republican nominee for governor in 1963 , but ultimately lost a close election to Democrat Ned Breathitt . An executive order signed by Governor Bert T. Combs that desegregated Kentucky 's public services became a major issue in the campaign . Nunn vowed to repeal the order if elected , while Breathitt promised to continue it . In 1967 , Nunn again ran for governor . After defeating Marlow Cook in the Republican gubernatorial primary , he eked out a victory over Democrat Henry Ward . The state offices were split between Democrats and Republicans , and Nunn was saddled with a Democratic lieutenant governor , Wendell Ford . Despite a Democratic majority in the General Assembly , Nunn was able to enact most of his priorities , including tax increases that funded improvements to the state park system and the construction of a statewide network of mental health centers . He oversaw the transition of Northern Kentucky University from a community college to a senior institution and brought the University of Louisville into the state university system ." } ] }, { "value": "Kentucky", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kentucky", "summary": "Kentucky ( UK : /kɛnˈtʌki/ ken-TUK-ee , US : /kən-/ ( listen ) kən- ) , officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky , is a state located in the Southern United States . Although styled as the State of Kentucky in the law creating it , ( because in Kentucky 's first constitution , the term state was used ) , Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth ( the others being Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Massachusetts ) . Originally a part of Virginia , in 1792 Kentucky split from it and became the 15th state to join the Union . Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States . Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State , a nickname based on the bluegrass , a species of grass found in many of its pastures . One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky , which houses its two largest cities , Louisville and Lexington . It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources , including the world 's longest cave system , Mammoth Cave National Park , one of the greatest lengths of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States , and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River . Kentucky is also known for horse racing , bourbon , moonshine , coal , My Old Kentucky Home historic state park , automobile manufacturing , tobacco , bluegrass music , college basketball , Kentucky Fried Chicken , and the Kentucky colonel ." } ] }, { "value": "1971-1972", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Milliken", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Milliken", "summary": "William Grawn Milliken ( March 26 , 1922 - October 18 , 2019 ) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 44th Governor of Michigan . A member of the Republican Party , he is the longest-serving governor in Michigan history , serving more than three full four-year terms from 1969 to 1983 . During this period he dealt with dramatic changes to the state economy , due to industrial restructuring and challenges to the auto industry , resulting in loss of jobs and population from Detroit , the state 's largest city . In 1992 , the legislature established term limits for the governor 's position , limiting service to two terms for lifetime ." } ] }, { "value": "Michigan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michigan", "summary": "Michigan ( /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States . Its name originates from the Ojibwe word mishigamaa , meaning large water or large lake . With a population of just under 10 million , Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States , with the 11th most extensive total area , and is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River . [ b ] Its capital is Lansing , and its largest city is Detroit . Metro Detroit is among the nation 's most populous and largest metropolitan economies . Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas . The Lower Peninsula is often noted as being shaped like a mitten . The Upper Peninsula ( often called the U.P . ) is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac , a five-mile ( 8 km ) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan . The Mackinac Bridge connects the peninsulas . The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world , being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes , plus Lake Saint Clair . Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds ." } ] }, { "value": "1972-1973", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Linwood Holton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A._Linwood_Holton_Jr.", "summary": "Abner Linwood Lin Holton Jr. ( born September 21 , 1923 ) is an American politician , Virginia political figure and attorney . He served as the 61st Governor of Virginia , from 1970 to 1974 and was the first Republican governor of Virginia in the 20th Century ." } ] }, { "value": "Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Virginia", "summary": "Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World ." } ] }, { "value": "1973-1974", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winfield Dunn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winfield_Dunn", "summary": "Bryant Winfield Culberson Dunn ( born July 1 , 1927 ) is an American businessman , politician , medical industry official , and dentist who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1971 to 1975 . He was the state 's first Republican governor in fifty years , and was just the sixth since the Civil War . Dunn was an unsuccessful candidate for a second term in 1986 , losing to Democrat Ned McWherter . He has remained active in the Republican Party and the medical field since the end of his term as governor ." } ] }, { "value": "Tennessee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tennessee", "summary": "Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined ." } ] }, { "value": "1974-1975", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kit Bond", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kit_Bond", "summary": "Christopher Samuel Bond ( born March 6 , 1939 ) is an American attorney , politician and former United States Senator from Missouri and a member of the Republican Party . First elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986 , he defeated Democrat Harriett Woods by a margin of 53-47% . He was re-elected in 1992 , 1998 , and 2004 . On January 8 , 2009 , he announced that he would not seek re-election to a fifth term in 2010 , and was succeeded by fellow Republican Roy Blunt on January 3 , 2011 . Following his retirement from the Senate , Bond became a partner at Thompson Coburn . Before his career in the U.S. Senate , Bond served two non-consecutive terms as Governor of Missouri , from 1973 to 1977 and from 1981 to 1985 . He was previously State Auditor of Missouri from 1971 to 1973 ." } ] }, { "value": "Missouri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Missouri", "summary": "Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States . With over six million residents , it is the 18th-most populous state of the Union . The largest urban areas are St. Louis , Kansas City , Springfield and Columbia ; the capital is Jefferson City . The state is the 21st-most extensive in area . Missouri is bordered by eight states ( tied for the most with Tennessee ) : Iowa to the north , Illinois , Kentucky and Tennessee ( via the Mississippi River ) to the east , Arkansas to the south and Oklahoma , Kansas and Nebraska to the west . In the south are the Ozarks , a forested highland , providing timber , minerals and recreation . The Missouri River , after which the state is named , flows through the center of the state into the Mississippi River , which makes up Missouri 's eastern border . Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years . The Mississippian culture built cities and mounds , before declining in the 14th century . When European explorers arrived in the 17th century , they encountered the Osage and Missouria nations . The French established Louisiana , a part of New France , founding Ste . Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764 ." } ] }, { "value": "1975-1976", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arch Moore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arch_A._Moore_Jr.", "summary": "Arch Alfred Moore Jr. ( April 16 , 1923 - January 7 , 2015 ) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from West Virginia . He began his political career as a state legislator in 1952 . He was elected the 28th and 30th Governor of West Virginia , serving from 1969 until 1977 and again from 1985 until 1989 . Amid allegations of corruption he ran for reelection in 1988 , but was unseated by Democrat Gaston Caperton . He was eventually prosecuted for and pleaded guilty to five felony charges . In 1990 he was sentenced to five years and ten months in prison . He served over three years before his release . As a result of his conviction , Moore was disbarred and forfeited his state pension . In 1995 , he paid a settlement of $ 750,000 to the state ." } ] }, { "value": "West Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Virginia", "summary": "West Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States , and is also considered to be a part of the Mid-Atlantic Southeast Region . It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north , Maryland to the east and northeast , Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , and Ohio to the northwest . West Virginia is the 41st largest state by area , and is ranked 38th in population . The capital and largest city is Charleston . West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861 , at the start of the American Civil War . Delegates from the Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia , which also included secessionist counties in the new state . West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20 , 1863 , and was a key border state during the war . It was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state , the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts , and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War ( the other being Nevada ) . While a portion of its residents held slaves , most of the residents were yeoman farmers , and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state Constitution . The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States . However , the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies the state as a part of the Mid-Atlantic region . The northern panhandle extends adjacent to Pennsylvania and Ohio , with the West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area , while Bluefield is less than 70 miles ( 110 km ) from North Carolina ." } ] }, { "value": "1976-1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert Bennett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_Frederick_Bennett", "summary": "Robert Frederick Bennett ( May 23 , 1927 - October 9 , 2000 ) was an American lawyer and the 39th Governor of Kansas from 1975 to 1979 ." } ] }, { "value": "Kansas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kansas", "summary": "Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States . Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita , with its most populated county and largest employment center being Johnson County . Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north ; Missouri on the east ; Oklahoma on the south ; and Colorado on the west . Kansas is named after the Kansas River , which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks . The tribe 's name ( natively kką : ze ) is often said to mean people of the ( south ) wind although this was probably not the term 's original meaning . For thousands of years , what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes . Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys . Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison . Kansas was first settled by Americans in 1827 with the establishment of Fort Leavenworth . The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s , in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate . When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas-Nebraska Act , abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state . Thus , the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided , and was known as Bleeding Kansas ." } ] }, { "value": "1977-1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert Ray", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_D._Ray", "summary": "Robert Dolph Ray ( September 26 , 1928 - July 8 , 2018 ) was an American lawyer and Republican politician . He served as the 38th Governor of Iowa from January 16 , 1969 to January 14 , 1983 . During his tenure as governor , Ray served as chair of the National Governors Association from 1975 to 1976 ; led to the passage of the Iowa Burials Protection Act of 1976 , which was the first legislative act in the United States that specifically protected American Indian remains ; and accepted thousands of refugees into Iowa . In his later years , Ray served as acting mayor of Des Moines from May 1997 to November 1997 and was interim president of Drake University in 1998 ." } ] }, { "value": "Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iowa", "summary": "Iowa ( /ˈaɪəwə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Midwestern United States , bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west . It is bordered by six states : Wisconsin to the northeast , Illinois to the east and southeast , Missouri to the south , Nebraska to the west , South Dakota to the northwest , and Minnesota to the north . In colonial times , Iowa was a part of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana ; its state flag is patterned after the flag of France . After the Louisiana Purchase , people laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt . In the latter half of the 20th century , Iowa 's agricultural economy made the transition to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing , processing , financial services , information technology , biotechnology , and green energy production . Iowa is the 26th most extensive in land area and the 30th most populous of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital , most populous city , and largest metropolitan area fully located within the state is Des Moines . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in ." } ] }, { "value": "1978-1979", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Otis Bowen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Otis_R._Bowen", "summary": "Otis Ray Bowen ( February 26 , 1918 - May 4 , 2013 ) was an American politician and physician who served as the 44th Governor of Indiana from 1973 to 1981 and as Secretary of Health and Human Services from 1985 to 1989 ." } ] }, { "value": "Indiana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indiana", "summary": "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ." } ] }, { "value": "1979-1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Richard Snelling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_A._Snelling", "summary": "Richard Arkwright Snelling ( February 18 , 1927 - August 13 , 1991 ) was a Vermont businessman and politician . He was most notable for his service as the 76th and 78th Governor of Vermont from 1977 to 1985 and from January 10 , 1991 until his death . A native of Allentown , Pennsylvania , Snelling was educated in Allentown and served in the United States Army at the end of World War II and during the post-war occupation of Germany . He graduated from Harvard University in 1948 and embarked on a business career , working for companies in Massachusetts , Pennsylvania , and Vermont . After settling in Vermont , he founded Shelburne Industries , a maker of ski racks and other ski equipment . He also became active in politics as a Republican and served a term in the Vermont House of Representatives ( 1959-1961 ) , in addition to running unsuccessful campaigns for the Vermont Senate ( 1956 ) , lieutenant governor ( 1964 ) , and governor ( 1966 ) . In 1972 , Snelling was again elected to the Vermont House . He was reelected in 1974 , and served from 1973 to 1977 . In his second term , Snelling was chosen to serve as the majority leader . In 1976 , Snelling was the successful Republican nominee for governor . He was reelected three times , and served from 1977 to 1985 . In 1986 , Snelling was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for the United States Senate , and was defeated by incumbent Democrat Patrick Leahy ." } ] }, { "value": "Vermont", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vermont", "summary": "Vermont ( /vərˈmɒnt/ ( listen ) ) is a northeastern U.S. state in the New England region . It borders the states of Massachusetts to the south , New Hampshire to the east , and New York to the west , and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north . Vermont is the second-smallest by population and the sixth-smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states . The state capital is Montpelier , the least populous state capital in the United States . The most populous city , Burlington , is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state . Vermont 's crime statistics for the period 2016-8 caused it to be ranked as the safest state in the country . For some 12,000 years , indigenous peoples inhabited this area . The historically competitive tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk were active in the area at the time of European encounter . During the 17th century , French colonists claimed the territory as part of the Kingdom of France 's colony of New France . After the Kingdom of Great Britain began to settle colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast , the two nations competed in North America in addition to Europe . For years , each country enlisted Native American allies in continuous raiding and warfare between the New England and New France colonies . This produced an active trade in captives taken during such raids , often held for ransom , although some captives were adopted by families into the Mohawk or Abenaki tribes ." } ] }, { "value": "1980-1981", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Dalton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_N._Dalton", "summary": "John Nichols Dalton ( July 11 , 1931 - July 30 , 1986 ) was an American politician who served as the 63rd governor of Virginia , from 1978 to 1982 . Dalton won the office with 55.9% of the vote , defeating Democrat Henry E. Howell , Jr and Independent Alan R. Ogden . Dalton had previously served as Lieutenant Governor of Virginia . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Virginia", "summary": "Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World ." } ] }, { "value": "1981-1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jim Thompson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_R._Thompson", "summary": "James Robert Thompson Jr. ( born May 8 , 1936 ) , also known as Big Jim Thompson , was the 37th and longest-serving governor of the US state of Illinois , serving from 1977 to 1991 . A Republican , Thompson was elected to four consecutive terms and held the office for 14 years . Many years after leaving public office , he served as a member of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States ( the 9/11 Commission ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Illinois", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Illinois", "summary": "Illinois ( /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ ( listen ) IL-ə-NOY ) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes Regions of the United States . It has the fifth largest gross domestic product ( GDP ) , the sixth largest population , and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states . Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States . With Chicago in northeastern Illinois , small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state , and natural resources such as coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base , and is a major transportation hub . Chicagoland , Chicago 's metropolitan area , encompasses over 65% of the state 's population . The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes : from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway to the Illinois River . The Mississippi River , the Ohio River , and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois . For decades , Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and , through the 1980s , in politics . The capital of Illinois is Springfield , which is located in the central part of the state . Although today Illinois 's largest population center is in its northeast , the state 's European population grew first in the west as the French settled lands near the Mississippi River , when the region was known as Illinois Country and was part of New France . Following the American Revolutionary War , American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1780s via the Ohio River , and the population grew from south to north ." } ] }, { "value": "1982-1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert Orr", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_D._Orr", "summary": "Robert Dunkerson Orr ( November 17 , 1917 - March 10 , 2004 ) was an American politician and diplomat who served as the 45th Governor of Indiana from 1981 to 1989 . He was a member of the Republican Party ." } ] }, { "value": "Indiana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indiana", "summary": "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ." } ] }, { "value": "1983-1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vic Atiyeh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victor_G._Atiyeh", "summary": "Victor George Vic Atiyeh ( /əˈtiːjə/ ; February 20 , 1923 - July 20 , 2014 ) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party who served as the 32nd Governor of Oregon from 1979 to 1987 . He was also the first elected governor of Syrian descent in the United States . Atiyeh was elected in 1978 , defeating incumbent Democratic Governor Robert W. Straub . He was re-elected against future Governor Ted Kulongoski with 61.6% of the vote in 1982 , the largest margin in 32 years . Prior to being elected Governor , Atiyeh had served continuously in the Oregon Legislature since 1959 , initially in the House and later in the Senate . To date , Atiyeh is the last Republican to have served as the governor of Oregon ." } ] }, { "value": "Oregon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oregon", "summary": "Oregon ( /ˈɒrɪɡən/ ( listen ) ORR-ih-gən ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States . The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon 's northern boundary with Washington , while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho . The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada . Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before European traders , explorers , and settlers arrived . An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848 . Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14 , 1859 . Today , at 98,000 square miles ( 250,000 km2 ) , Oregon is the ninth largest and , with a population of 4 million , 27th most populous U.S. state . The capital , Salem , is the second most populous city in Oregon , with 169,798 residents . Portland , with 647,805 , ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities . The Portland metropolitan area , which also includes the city of Vancouver , Washington , to the north , ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation , with a population of 2,453,168 . Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S. , marked by volcanoes , abundant bodies of water , dense evergreen and mixed forests , as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands . At 11,249 feet ( 3,429 m ) , Mount Hood , a stratovolcano , is the state 's highest point ." } ] }, { "value": "1984-1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dick Thornburgh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dick_Thornburgh", "summary": "Richard Lewis Thornburgh ( born July 16 , 1932 ) is an American lawyer , author and Republican politician who served as the 41st Governor of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1987 , and then as the U.S. Attorney General from 1988 to 1991 . Before his time as Attorney General and Governor , he served as the United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania ." } ] }, { "value": "Pennsylvania", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pennsylvania", "summary": "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ." } ] }, { "value": "1985-1986", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Sununu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_H._Sununu", "summary": "John Henry Sununu ( born July 2 , 1939 ) is an American politician who was the 75th Governor of New Hampshire ( 1983-89 ) and later White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush . He is the father of John E. Sununu , the former United States Senator from New Hampshire , and Christopher Sununu , the current governor of New Hampshire . Sununu was the chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party from 2009 to 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "New Hampshire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Hampshire", "summary": "New Hampshire ( /ˈhæmpʃər/ ) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south , Vermont to the west , Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north . New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by area and the 10th least populous U.S. state . Concord is the state capital , while Manchester is the largest city . New Hampshire has no general sales tax , nor income tax other than on interest and dividends . The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle . Its license plates carry the state motto , Live Free or Die . The state 's nickname , The Granite State , refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries . In January 1776 , it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain 's authority , and it was the first to establish its own state constitution . Six months later , it became one of the original 13 colonies that signed the United States Declaration of Independence , and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the United States Constitution , bringing that document into effect . Historically , New Hampshire was a major center for textile manufacturing , shoemaking , and papermaking , with Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester at one time being the largest cotton textile plant in the world . Numerous mills were located along various rivers in the state , especially the Merrimack and Connecticut rivers ." } ] } ], "section_title": "List of RGA Chairs", "section_text": "Current and former RGA Chairs .", "uid": "Republican_Governors_Association_1", "intro": "The Republican Governors Association (RGA) is a Washington, D.C.-based 527 organization founded in 1963, consisting of U.S. state and territorial Republican governors. The Republican Governors Association is dedicated to one primary objective: electing and supporting Republican governors. The current RGA chairman is Governor Greg Abbott of Texas, who assumed the office in November 2019. The RGA's Executive Committee for 2019 includes Governors Doug Ducey of Arizona, Asa Hutchinson of Arkansas, Kim Reynolds of Iowa, Charlie Baker of Massachusetts, Phil Bryant of Mississippi, Doug Burgum of North Dakota, and Kristi Noem of South Dakota. In addition, Governor Eric Holcomb of Indiana was elected RGA Policy Chairman, and Governor Matt Bevin of Kentucky was elected RGA Policy Vice Chairman. Its Democratic Party counterpart is the Democratic Governors Association. The RGA is not directly affiliated with the non-partisan National Governors Association." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Italy", "title": "List of football clubs in Italy", "header": [ "Club", "City", "Stadium", "Capacity" ], "data": [ { "value": "Albissola", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Albissola_2010", "summary": "Albissola 2010 , or simply Albissola , is an Italian association football club , jointly representing the towns of Albissola Marina and Albisola Superiore , Province of Savona , Liguria ." } ] }, { "value": "Albissola Marina Albisola Superiore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Albissola_Marina", "summary": "Albissola Marina ( Ligurian : A Moenn-a d'Arbisseua ) is a comune ( municipality ) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria , located about 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) west of Genoa and about 4 kilometres ( 2.5 mi ) northeast of Savona ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Albisola_Superiore", "summary": "Albisola Superiore ( Genoese : d'äto d'Arbisseua ) is a comune ( municipality ) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria , located about 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) southwest of Genoa and about 5 kilometres ( 3 mi ) northeast of Savona ." } ] }, { "value": "Comunale ( Chiavari )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Comunale_(Chiavari)", "summary": "Stadio Comunale is a multi-purpose stadium in Chiavari , Italy . It is mainly used for football matches and hosts the home matches of local Italian Serie B club Virtus Entella . The stadium has a capacity of 5,535 spectators ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chiavari", "summary": "Chiavari ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈkjaːvari ] ; Ligurian : Ciävai [ ˈtʃaːvaj ] ) is a town near Genoa , in Italy . It has about 28,000 inhabitants . It is situated near the river Entella ." } ] }, { "value": "5,535", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alessandria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/U.S._Alessandria_Calcio_1912", "summary": "Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912 , commonly referred to as Alessandria , is an Italian football club based in Alessandria , Piedmont . It currently plays in Serie C , the third tier of Italian football ." } ] }, { "value": "Alessandria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alessandria", "summary": "Alessandria ( Italian pronunciation : [ alesˈsandrja ] ( listen ) ; Piedmontese : Lissandria [ liˈsɑŋdrja ] ) is a city and comune in Piedmont , Italy , and the capital of the Province of Alessandria . The city is sited on the alluvial plain between the Tanaro and the Bormida rivers , about 90 kilometres ( 56 miles ) southeast of Turin . Alessandria is also a major railway hub ." } ] }, { "value": "Giuseppe Moccagatta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Giuseppe_Moccagatta", "summary": "Stadio Giuseppe Moccagatta is a multi-use stadium in Alessandria , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 as well as of Juventus F.C . Under-23 . The stadium holds 5,926 people ." } ] }, { "value": "5,827", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arezzo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/U.S._Arezzo", "summary": "Società Sportiva Arezzo ( formerly Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Atletico Arezzo and Associazione Calcio Arezzo ) is an Italian association football club based in Arezzo , Tuscany . The club was formed in 1923 , refounded in 1993 after going bankrupt and refounded in 2010 after being unable to enroll in the tournament . The club currently plays in Serie C , the third tier of Italian football ." } ] }, { "value": "Arezzo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arezzo", "summary": "Arezzo ( UK : /əˈrɛtsoʊ/ , US : /ɑːˈr-/ , Italian : [ aˈrettso ] ) is a city and comune in Italy and the capital of the province of the same name located in Tuscany . Arezzo is about 80 kilometres ( 50 miles ) southeast of Florence at an elevation of 296 metres ( 971 ft ) above sea level . It is also 30 km west of Città di Castello . In 2013 the population was about 99,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Città di Arezzo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Città_di_Arezzo", "summary": "Stadio Città di Arezzo ( formerly Stadio Comunale ) is a multi-purpose stadium , located in Arezzo , Tuscany , Italy . It is used mostly for football matches and is the home of the U.S. Arezzo football club . It has a grass playing surface and a 13,128-seating capacity ." } ] }, { "value": "13,128", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arzachena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arzachena_Costa_Smeralda", "summary": "Arzachena Academy Costa Smeralda is an Italian association football club located in Arzachena , Sardinia . The club currently play in Serie D , the fourth tier of Italian football ." } ] }, { "value": "Arzachena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arzachena", "summary": "Arzachena ( Italian pronunciation : [ artsaˈkɛːna ] ; Gallurese : Alzachèna ; Sardinian : Altzaghèna ) is a town and comune in the province of Sassari , northern Sardinia , the second largest island off the coast of Italy . Arzachena lies half way between the original Costa Smeralda resort and Porto Rafael , both founded in the late 1950s . After Olbia and Tempio Pausania , it is the third largest commune in Gallura by inhabitants ." } ] }, { "value": "Biagio Pirina", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3,100", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carrarese", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carrarese_Calcio", "summary": "Carrarese Calcio 1908 , commonly referred to as Carrarese , is an Italian football club based in Carrara , Tuscany . It currently plays in Serie C , having last been in Serie B in 1948 ." } ] }, { "value": "Carrara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carrara", "summary": "Carrara ( /kəˈrɑːrə/ kə-RAR-ə , Italian : [ karˈraːra ] ; Emilian : Carara ) is a city and comune in Tuscany , in central Italy , of the province of Massa and Carrara , and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there . It is on the Carrione River , some 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) west-northwest of Florence . Its motto is Fortitudo mea in rota ( Latin : My strength is in the wheel ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Dei Marmi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cuneo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A.C._Cuneo_1905", "summary": "Associazione Calcio Cuneo 1905 is an Italian football club , based in Cuneo , Piedmont . At the end of the 2018-19 season it was relegated from Serie C and did not register for Serie D for 2019-20 ." } ] }, { "value": "Cuneo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cuneo", "summary": "Cuneo ( Italian : [ ˈkuːneo ] ( listen ) ; Piedmontese : Coni [ ˈkʊni ] ; French : Coni [ kɔni ] ) is a city and comune in Piedmont , Northern Italy , the capital of the province of Cuneo , the third largest of Italys provinces by area . It is located at 550 metres ( 1,804 ft ) in the south-west of Piedmont , at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso . Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette , Borgo San Dalmazzo , Boves , Busca , Caraglio , Castelletto Stura , Centallo , Cervasca , Morozzo , Peveragno , Tarantasca and Vignolo . It is located near six mountain passes :" } ] }, { "value": "Fratelli Paschiero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Fratelli_Paschiero", "summary": "Stadio Fratelli Paschiero is a multi-use stadium in Cuneo , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Cuneo . The stadium holds 3,060 ." } ] }, { "value": "4,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gozzano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A.C._Gozzano", "summary": "A.C. Gozzano S.r.l . also known as Associazione Calcio Gozzano , or simply Gozzano , is an Italian association football club , based in Gozzano , Piedmont . Gozzano currently plays in Serie C ." } ] }, { "value": "Gozzano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gozzano,_Italy", "summary": "Gozzano is a comune ( municipality ) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont , located about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) northwest of Novara . Gozzano borders the following municipalities : Bolzano Novarese , Borgomanero , Briga Novarese , Gargallo , Invorio , Orta San Giulio , Pogno , San Maurizio d'Opaglio , and Soriso ." } ] }, { "value": "Alfredo d'Albertas / Silvio Piola ( Vercelli )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Silvio_Piola_(Vercelli)", "summary": "Stadio Silvio Piola is an association football stadium in Vercelli , Italy . It is the home ground of F.C . Pro Vercelli 1892 . The stadium holds 5,500 and was named after Italy legend and former player Silvio Piola ." } ] }, { "value": "400 / 5,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Juventus U23", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Juventus_F.C._Under-23", "summary": "Juventus Football Club Under-23 , also known as Juventus U23 or colloquially as Juventus B , is an Italian football team which acts as Juventus ' reserve team . They play their home games at the Stadio Giuseppe Moccagatta in Alessandria , a comune about 100km away from Turin , the home city of the football club . Founded in 2018 , Juventus U23 competes in Serie C , the third level of the Italian football league system . The team plays in the same professional league system as their senior team , rather than a separate league dedicated for youth teams . However , the reserve team can not play in the same division as their senior team , currently making Juventus U23 ineligible for promotion to the Serie A ." } ] }, { "value": "Torino", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Torino", "summary": "Turin ( /tjʊəˈrɪn , ˈtjʊərɪn/ tewr-IN , TEWR-in , Piedmontese : [ tyˈriŋ ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Torino [ toˈriːno ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Augusta Taurinorum , then Taurinum ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy . It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin , and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865 . The city is located mainly on the western bank of the Po River , in front of Susa Valley , and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga Hill . The population of the city proper is 875,698 ( 31 December 2018 ) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants . The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million . The city used to be a major European political centre . From 1563 , it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy , then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy , and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865 . Turin is sometimes called the cradle of Italian liberty for having been the birthplace and home of notable individuals who contributed to the Risorgimento , such as Cavour . Even though much of its political significance and importance had been lost by World War II , Turin became a major European crossroad for industry , commerce and trade , and is part of the famous industrial triangle along with Milan and Genoa . Turin is ranked third in Italy , after Milan and Rome , for economic strength . With a GDP of $ 58 billion , Turin is the world 's 78th richest city by purchasing power . As of 2018 , the city has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma World city ." } ] }, { "value": "Giuseppe Moccagatta ( Alessandria )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Giuseppe_Moccagatta", "summary": "Stadio Giuseppe Moccagatta is a multi-use stadium in Alessandria , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 as well as of Juventus F.C . Under-23 . The stadium holds 5,926 people ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alessandria", "summary": "Alessandria ( Italian pronunciation : [ alesˈsandrja ] ( listen ) ; Piedmontese : Lissandria [ liˈsɑŋdrja ] ) is a city and comune in Piedmont , Italy , and the capital of the Province of Alessandria . The city is sited on the alluvial plain between the Tanaro and the Bormida rivers , about 90 kilometres ( 56 miles ) southeast of Turin . Alessandria is also a major railway hub ." } ] }, { "value": "5,827", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lucchese", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A.S._Lucchese_Libertas_1905", "summary": "Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Lucchese 1905 , or simply Lucchese , is an Italian football club , based in Lucca , Tuscany that plays in Serie D , the fourth tier of Italian football . The club was first founded in 1905 , having last been in Serie A in 1952 ." } ] }, { "value": "Lucca", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lucca", "summary": "Lucca ( /ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə , Italian : [ ˈlukka ] ( listen ) ) is a city and comune in Tuscany , Central Italy , on the Serchio , in a fertile plain near the Tyrrhenian Sea . It is the capital of the Province of Lucca . It is famous for its intact Renaissance-era city walls ." } ] }, { "value": "Porta Elisa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Porta_Elisa", "summary": "Stadio Porta Elisa is a multi-use stadium in Lucca , Italy . The authorized capacity is 7,386 , but it can hold about 12,000 ; 2,500 of them are covered . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.S. Lucchese-Libertas ." } ] }, { "value": "7,386", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Novara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Novara_Calcio", "summary": "Novara Calcio , commonly referred to as Novara , is an Italian football club based in Novara , Piedmont ." } ] }, { "value": "Novara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Novara", "summary": "Novara ( Italian pronunciation : [ noˈvaːra ] ( listen ) ; Nuàra [ nuˈ ( ʋ ) ɑːra ] in the local Lombard dialect ) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy , to the west of Milan . With 104,268 inhabitants ( as of 30 April 2019 ) , it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin . It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland . Novara lies between the rivers Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont , 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) from Milan and 95 kilometres ( 59 mi ) from Turin ." } ] }, { "value": "Silvio Piola ( Novara )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Silvio_Piola_(Novara)", "summary": "The Stadio Silvio Piola is a multi-use stadium in Novara , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Novara Calcio . The stadium holds 17,875 and was named after Italy legend and former player Silvio Piola . Coordinates : 45°26′9″N 8°35′45″E / 45.43583°N 8.59583°E / 45.43583 ; 8.59583" } ] }, { "value": "17,875", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Olbia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Olbia_Calcio_1905", "summary": "Olbia Calcio 1905 S.r.l . ( or simply Olbia ) is an Italian association football club , based in Olbia , Sardinia , and currently playing in Serie C ." } ] }, { "value": "Olbia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Olbia", "summary": "Olbia ( Italian : [ ˈɔlbja ] ( listen ) , locally [ ˈolbja ] ; Sardinian : Terranoa ; Gallurese : Tarranoa ) is a city and comune of 60,346 inhabitants ( May 2018 ) in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia ( Italy ) , in the historical region of Gallura . Called Olbia in the Roman age , Civita in the Middle Ages ( Judicates period ) and Terranova Pausania before the 1940s , Olbia was again the official name of the city during the fascist period ." } ] }, { "value": "Bruno Nespoli", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3,200", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Piacenza", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Piacenza_Calcio_1919", "summary": "Piacenza Calcio 1919 , commonly referred to as Piacenza , is an Italian football club based in Piacenza , Emilia-Romagna . The club currently plays in Serie C. Re-founded in 2012 , Piacenza Calcio 1919 acquired the rights to use the brand of the original club Piacenza Calcio ( also known as Piacenza F.C . ) from Salva Piace ." } ] }, { "value": "Piacenza", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Piacenza", "summary": "Piacenza ( Italian pronunciation : [ pjaˈtʃɛntsa ] ( listen ) ; Piacentino : Piaṡëinsa [ pi.aˈzəi̯sɐ ] ; Latin : Placentia ) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy , the capital of the eponymous province . The etymology is long-standing , tracing an origin from the Latin verb placēre , to please . In French , and occasionally in English , it is called Plaisance . The name means a pleasant abode , or as James Boswell reported some of the etymologists of his time to have translated it , comely . This was a name of good omen . Piacenza is located at a major crossroads at the intersection of Route E35/A1 between Bologna and Milan , and Route E70/A21 between Brescia and Turin . Piacenza is also at the confluence of the Trebbia , draining the northern Apennine Mountains , and the Po , draining to the east . Piacenza also hosts two universities , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Polytechnic University of Milan ." } ] }, { "value": "Leonardo Garilli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Leonardo_Garilli", "summary": "The Stadio Leonardo Garilli is a multi-use stadium in Piacenza , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and the home of Piacenza Calcio 1919 and from 2014 also those of Pro Piacenza 1919 . The stadium was built in 1969 and was renovated in 1993 passing from 12,000 to the current 21,668 when the former Piacenza were promoted . The Stadium used to be called 'Galleana ' after the area of the city in which it is situated but currently named after Leonardo Garilli ( died on 30 December 1996 ) , to whom the city and fans are highly grateful because of his dedication and competence showed when he was the president of the former Piacenza ." } ] }, { "value": "21,668", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pisa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A.C._Pisa_1909", "summary": "Associazione Calcio Pisa 1909 , commonly referred to as Pisa , is an Italian football club based in Pisa , Tuscany . The team currently plays in Serie B . The club was founded in 1909 as Pisa Sporting Club and refounded in 1994 as Pisa Calcio ( and registered in Eccellenza , the sixth football division in Italy ) , after the cancellation of the former because of economical troubles . It was excluded again from Italian football in 2009 , after the property failed to collect enough money to pay off the club 's debts . In summer 2009 it was refounded with the current denomination . Pisa won two Mitropa Cups , in 1986 and 1988 . They play their home matches at Arena Garibaldi - Stadio Romeo Anconetani , named after Romeo Anconetani , the chairman who brought and led the club in Serie A during the 1980s . In 2016 , Giuseppe Corrado bought the club and planned the new Pisa stadium . At the end of the 2008 season , Pisa lost to U.S. Lecce in a two-legged promotion playoff final to Serie A . At the end of 2016 season , managed by Gennaro Gattuso , Pisa secured the promotion to Serie B by winning the final match against Foggia at Zaccheria Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "Pisa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pisa", "summary": "Pisa ( /ˈpiːzə/ PEE-zə , Italian : [ ˈpiːza ] ( listen ) or [ ˈpiːsa ] ) is a city and comune in Tuscany , central Italy , straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea . It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa . Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower ( the bell tower of the city 's cathedral ) , the city of over 91,104 residents ( around 200,000 with the metropolitan area ) contains more than 20 other historic churches , several medieval palaces , and various bridges across the Arno . Much of the city 's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics . The city is also home of the University of Pisa , which has a history going back to the 12th century and also has the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa , founded by Napoleon in 1810 , and its offshoot , the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies , as the best-sanctioned Superior Graduate Schools in Italy ." } ] }, { "value": "Arena Garibaldi - Romeo Anconetani", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arena_Garibaldi_-_Stadio_Romeo_Anconetani", "summary": "Arena Garibaldi - Stadio Romeo Anconetani ( usually referred to just as Arena Garibaldi ) is a multi-use stadium in Pisa , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of A.C. Pisa 1909 . The stadium holds 25,000 ( 14,869 approved ) and was opened in 1919 . In 2001 , the stadium was entitled to Romeo Anconetani , Pisa chairman and owner during their Serie A tenure as well as colourful figure of Italian football in the 1980s , who died in 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "25,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pistoiese", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/U.S._Pistoiese_1921", "summary": "Unione Sportiva Pistoiese 1921 is an Italian association football club , based in Pistoia , Tuscany . Currently Pistoiese plays in Serie C. The singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini is probably the most famous tifoso of Pistoiese in Italy ." } ] }, { "value": "Pistoia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pistoia", "summary": "Pistoia ( US : /pɪˈstɔɪə , piːˈstoʊjɑː/ , Italian : [ piˈstoːja ] ( listen ) ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany , the capital of a province of the same name , located about 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) west and north of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese , a tributary of the River Arno . It is a typical Italian medieval city , and it attracts many tourists , especially in the summer . The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries ." } ] }, { "value": "Marcello Melani", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Marcello_Melani", "summary": "Stadio Marcello Melani is the main stadium in Pistoia , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of U.S. Pistoiese 1921 . The stadium holds 13,195 ." } ] }, { "value": "13,195", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pontedera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/U.S._Città_di_Pontedera", "summary": "Unione Sportiva Città di Pontedera ( formerly Unione Sportiva Pontedera 1912 ) is an Italian association football club located in Pontedera , Tuscany . Currently it plays in Serie C , the third tier of Italian football ." } ] }, { "value": "Pontedera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pontedera", "summary": "Pontedera ( Italian : [ ponteˈdɛːra ] ; Latin : Pons Herae ) is an industrial town in the province of Pisa , Tuscany , central Italy . It houses the headquarters of the Piaggio company , of the wine company Castellani and of chocolate factory Amedei . Pontedera is in the Arno valley at the confluence of the Era River and the Arno River . Its territory is also crossed by the Scolmatore dell'Arno canal , and by the Roglio , a tributary of the Era . There is also a small lake , in the frazione of La Rotta , known as Braccini lake . Pontedera was the seat of several historical battles . In 1369 , the Milanese army of Barnabò Visconti , led by John Hawkwood , was defeated here by the Florentine troops . On 11 June 1554 , Pontedera was the scene of a pyrrhic victory in the last effort by the Republic of Siena to retain its independence , when Piero Strozzi won against the Florentines . Two months later he was decisively defeated at the Battle of Marciano , an event which marked the end of the Senese independence . The football team in the town is called U.S. Città di Pontedera , and they are currently placed in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione ." } ] }, { "value": "Ettore Mannucci", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Ettore_Mannucci", "summary": "Stadio Ettore Mannucci is an arena in Pontedera , Italy . It is primarily used for football , and is the home to the U.S. Pontedera 1912 of the Serie D. The stadium holds 5,014 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "5,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pro Patria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aurora_Pro_Patria_1919", "summary": "Aurora Pro Patria 1919 , commonly referred to as Pro Patria , is an Italian football club based in Busto Arsizio , Lombardy . It currently plays in Serie C. In Latin , Pro Patria translates to For the Fatherland ." } ] }, { "value": "Busto Arsizio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Busto_Arsizio", "summary": "Busto Arsizio ( Italian : [ ˈbusto arˈsittsjo ] ( listen ) ; Bustocco : Büsti Grandi [ ˈbysti ˈɡrãːdi ] ) is a city and comune , in the province of Varese , in the region of Lombardy , in northern Italy , 34 kilometres ( 21 mi ) north of Milan . The economy of Busto Arsizio is mainly based on industry and commerce . It is the fifth municipality in the region by population and the first in the province ." } ] }, { "value": "Carlo Speroni", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Carlo_Speroni", "summary": "Stadio Carlo Speroni is a multi-use stadium in Busto Arsizio , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Pro Patria . The stadium holds 5,000 and is named after Italian long-distance runner Carlo Speroni ." } ] }, { "value": "4,627", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pro Piacenza", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A.S._Pro_Piacenza_1919", "summary": "Associazione Sportiva Pro Piacenza 1919 S.r.l . or simply Pro Piacenza was an Italian association football club , based in Piacenza , Emilia-Romagna . The club played in Serie C , the third tier of Italian football , until 18 February 2019 when they were excluded from the division . The most recent re-foundation of the club , was a merger of A.C.D . Pro Piacenza 1919 and A.S.D . Atletico B.P . Pro Piacenza in June 2013 . From 2014 to 2019 , Pro Piacenza played in the professional league in Serie C division ." } ] }, { "value": "Piacenza", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Piacenza", "summary": "Piacenza ( Italian pronunciation : [ pjaˈtʃɛntsa ] ( listen ) ; Piacentino : Piaṡëinsa [ pi.aˈzəi̯sɐ ] ; Latin : Placentia ) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy , the capital of the eponymous province . The etymology is long-standing , tracing an origin from the Latin verb placēre , to please . In French , and occasionally in English , it is called Plaisance . The name means a pleasant abode , or as James Boswell reported some of the etymologists of his time to have translated it , comely . This was a name of good omen . Piacenza is located at a major crossroads at the intersection of Route E35/A1 between Bologna and Milan , and Route E70/A21 between Brescia and Turin . Piacenza is also at the confluence of the Trebbia , draining the northern Apennine Mountains , and the Po , draining to the east . Piacenza also hosts two universities , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Polytechnic University of Milan ." } ] }, { "value": "Leonardo Garilli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Leonardo_Garilli", "summary": "The Stadio Leonardo Garilli is a multi-use stadium in Piacenza , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and the home of Piacenza Calcio 1919 and from 2014 also those of Pro Piacenza 1919 . The stadium was built in 1969 and was renovated in 1993 passing from 12,000 to the current 21,668 when the former Piacenza were promoted . The Stadium used to be called 'Galleana ' after the area of the city in which it is situated but currently named after Leonardo Garilli ( died on 30 December 1996 ) , to whom the city and fans are highly grateful because of his dedication and competence showed when he was the president of the former Piacenza ." } ] }, { "value": "21,668", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pro Vercelli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/F.C._Pro_Vercelli_1892", "summary": "Football Club Pro Vercelli 1892 , commonly referred to as Pro Vercelli , is an Italian football club based in Vercelli , Piedmont . The club is mostly renowned as one of the most successful teams in the early football era of Italy , with seven national titles ( all won between 1908 and 1922 ) . They currently play in Serie C , the third tier of Italian football ." } ] }, { "value": "Vercelli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vercelli", "summary": "Vercelli ( Italian pronunciation : [ verˈtʃɛlli ] ( listen ) ; Piedmontese : Vërsèj [ vərˈsɛj ] ) , is a city and comune of 46.552 inhabitants ( 1-1-2017 ) in the Province of Vercelli , Piedmont , northern Italy . One of the oldest urban sites in northern Italy , it was founded , according to most historians , around the year 600 BC . The city is situated on the river Sesia in the plain of the river Po between Milan and Turin . It is an important centre for the cultivation of rice , and is surrounded by rice paddies , which are flooded in the summer . The climate is typical of the Po Valley with cold , foggy winters ( 0.4 °C ( 33 °F ) in January ) and oppressive heat during the summer months ( 23.45 °C ( 74 °F ) in July ) . Rainfall is most prevalent during the spring and autumn ; thunderstorms are common in the summer . The languages spoken in Vercelli are Italian and Piedmontese ; the variety of Piedmontese native to the city is called Varsleis . The world 's first university funded by public money was established in Vercelli in 1228 ( the seventh university founded in Italy ) , but was closed in 1372 . Today it has a university of literature and philosophy as a part of the Università del Piemonte Orientale and a satellite campus of the Politecnico di Torino ." } ] }, { "value": "Silvio Piola ( Vercelli )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Silvio_Piola_(Vercelli)", "summary": "Stadio Silvio Piola is an association football stadium in Vercelli , Italy . It is the home ground of F.C . Pro Vercelli 1892 . The stadium holds 5,500 and was named after Italy legend and former player Silvio Piola ." } ] }, { "value": "5,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Siena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robur_Siena", "summary": "Robur Siena S.p.A. , commonly referred to as Siena , is an Italian football club based in Siena , Tuscany . The club was re-incorporated in 2014 after the bankruptcy of the previous legal person Associazione Calcio Siena S.p.A. A.C. Siena 's predecessor was founded in 1904 . Siena plays its home games at the Stadio Artemio Franchi . The ground 's capacity is 15,373 and is located in the centre of Siena . Robur Siena achieved 3,893 stadium subscribers in the 2014-15 season in Serie D , setting the all-time record for that league ( later surpassed by Parma in 2015-16 ) and achieved 3,293 subscriber in the season 2015-16 Lega Pro season , ranking first in Group B and fourth amongst the 60 teams playing in the league ." } ] }, { "value": "Siena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Siena", "summary": "Siena ( /siˈɛnə/ see-EN-ə , Italian : [ ˈsjɛːna ] ( listen ) ; in English sometimes spelled Sienna ; Latin : Sena Iulia ) is a city in Tuscany , Italy . It is the capital of the province of Siena . The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site . It is one of the nation 's most visited tourist attractions , with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008 . Siena is famous for its cuisine , art , museums , medieval cityscape and the Palio , a horse race held twice a year ." } ] }, { "value": "Montepaschi Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Artemio_Franchi_–_Montepaschi_Arena", "summary": "Stadio Artemio Franchi is a multi-purpose stadium in Siena , Italy . It is currently used mostly for football matches and the home of A.C. Siena . The stadium was built in 1923 and holds 15,373 . It is named after former Italian Football Federation president Artemio Franchi . In summer 2007 , A.C. Siena agreed to rename the stadium into Stadio Artemio Franchi - Montepaschi Arena , to include the name of their main sponsor , Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena . The stadium hosted its first and so far only international match on 17 October 2010 , a 2-0 friendly win for Italy over South Africa . During March 2011 , A.C. Siena announced plans to build a new stadium on the southern outskirts of the city at Isola d'Arbia . The new stadium , with a capacity of 20,000 , features a revolutionary below ground design which was honored with an MIPIM AR Future Projects Award ." } ] }, { "value": "15,373", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Virtus Entella", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Virtus_Entella", "summary": "Virtus Entella , commonly referred to as Entella is an Italian football club based in Chiavari , Liguria . They currently play in Serie B ." } ] }, { "value": "Chiavari", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chiavari", "summary": "Chiavari ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈkjaːvari ] ; Ligurian : Ciävai [ ˈtʃaːvaj ] ) is a town near Genoa , in Italy . It has about 28,000 inhabitants . It is situated near the river Entella ." } ] }, { "value": "Comunale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stadio_Comunale_(Chiavari)", "summary": "Stadio Comunale is a multi-purpose stadium in Chiavari , Italy . It is mainly used for football matches and hosts the home matches of local Italian Serie B club Virtus Entella . The stadium has a capacity of 5,535 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "5,535", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Clubs by division -- Serie C ( formerly Lega Pro )", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_football_clubs_in_Italy_2", "intro": "This is a list of football clubs located in Italy, sorted by division, then alphabetically, and including geographical locations, home stadium information and club positions in the prior season." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_A_Lyga", "title": "2011 A Lyga", "header": [ "Club", "Location", "Stadium", "2010 season" ], "data": [ { "value": "Atlantas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Atlantas", "summary": "FK Atlantas is a Lithuanian football team from the port city of Klaipėda . The team currently plays in A Lyga , the first level of the Lithuanian football league pyramid . The club 's name has changed several times . It was established in 1962 as Granitas , and became PSK Aras in 1993 . Since 1996 , when FK Sirijus Klaipėda was absorbed into the club , it has had the name Atlantas , which in Lithuanian language means Atlantic Ocean . Atlantas were Lithuanian champions in 1978 , 1980 , 1981 , and 1984 ." } ] }, { "value": "Klaipėda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Klaipėda", "summary": "Klaipėda ( Lithuanian pronunciation : [ ˈkɫɐɪˑpʲeːdɐ ] , listen ( help·info ) ; German : Memel , Samogitian : Klaipieda , is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast . It is the third largest city in Lithuania and the capital of Klaipėda County . The city has a complex recorded history , partially due to the combined regional importance of the usually ice-free Port of Klaipėda at the mouth of the Akmena-Danė River . It was controlled by successive German states until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles . As a result of the 1923 Klaipėda Revolt it was annexed by Lithuania and has remained with Lithuania to this day , except between 1939 and 1945 when it returned to Germany following the 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania and Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ( between Germany and the Soviet Union ) . The population has shrunk from the city to its suburbs and the hinterland . The number of inhabitants of Klaipėda city shrank from 207,100 in 1992 to 157,350 in 2014 , but the urban zone of Klaipėda expanded well into the suburbs , which sprang around the city and surrounded it from three sides . These are well integrated with the city ( city bus lines , city water supply , etc . ) and the majority of inhabitants of these suburbs work in Klaipėda . According to statistics of Klaipėda territorial health insurance fund , there are 233,311 permanent inhabitants ( as of 2019 ) in Klaipėda city and Klaipėda district municipalities combined . Popular seaside resorts found close to Klaipėda are Nida to the south on the Curonian Spit and Palanga to the north ." } ] }, { "value": "Žalgiris Stadium ( Klaipėda )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Žalgiris_Stadium_(Klaipėda)", "summary": "Klaipėdos centrinis stadionas is a football stadium in Klaipėda , Lithuania . It is the home ground of FK Atlantas , and has a capacity of 4,428 ." } ] }, { "value": "I Lyga , 7th", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/I_Lyga", "summary": "The I Lyga , LFF I Lyga , Pirma Lyga , is the second level of professional Lithuanian football championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Banga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Banga_Gargždai", "summary": "FK Banga Gargždai is a Lithuanian football club from the city of Gargždai ." } ] }, { "value": "Gargždai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gargždai", "summary": "Gargždai ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city in western Lithuania located in Klaipėda County . The Minija River flows through the city . Gargždai Stadium is its main sports venue . Gargždai is the Lithuanian name of the city . Versions of the name in other languages include Polish : Gorżdy , Russian : Горжды Gorzhdy , Belarusian : Го́ржды Horzhdy , Yiddish : גורזד Gorzhd , German : Garsden , Latvian : Gargždi ." } ] }, { "value": "Gargždai Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gargždai_Stadium", "summary": "Gargždai Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Gargždai , Lithuania . It is mostly used for football matches and hosts the home games of the team , FK Banga Gargždai , of the A Lyga . The capacity of the stadium is 2,323 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 6th", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2010_A_Lyga", "summary": "The 2010 Lithuanian A Lyga was the 21st season of top-tier football in Lithuania . The season began on 20 March 2010 and ended on 14 November 2010 . Ekranas were the defending champions and retained the title . This was their sixth league title and third in a row ." } ] }, { "value": "Dainava", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Dainava_Alytus", "summary": "FK Dainava was a Lithuanian football club from Alytus . The club was established in 1935 as FK Alytis , before being renamed FK Dainava after a merger with FK Vidzgiris Alytus in December 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Alytus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alytus", "summary": "Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania . It is the capital of Alytus County . Its population in 2013 was 57,281 . Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region . The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River . The major roads linking Vilnius , Kaunas , Lazdijai ( border with Poland ) , and Hrodna in Belarus pass through Alytus . Divided onto two separate entities for centuries , it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II , the earlier being a smaller town and the latter forming the city centre with parks , microdistricts and industrial areas ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "I Lyga , 2nd/3rd", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/I_Lyga", "summary": "The I Lyga , LFF I Lyga , Pirma Lyga , is the second level of professional Lithuanian football championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Ekranas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Ekranas", "summary": "Futbolo Klubas Ekranas was a Lithuanian football club , from the city of Panevėžys . It won 7 top-tier champion and 5 national cup titles throughout its existence . The club was founded in 1964 and for 44 years competed in the top tier of Lithuanian football . However , at the end of 2014 season the club ran into financial difficulties , failed to meet admission criteria to A Lyga for the 2015 season , and was subsequently declared bankrupt . A new club FK Panevėžys was formed to represent the city of Panevėžys , which managed to pass licensing criteria for the 2015 I Lyga season . FK Ekranas was declared bankrupt in 2016 . FK Ekranas won Lithuanian championships in 1985 ( Soviet Lithuania ) , 1993 , 2005 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the Lithuanian Cup in 1985 ( Soviet Lithuania ) , 1998 , 2000 , 2010 and 2011 and the Lithuanian Super Cup in 1998 , 2006 , 2010 , 2011 and 2012 . On 5 November 2004 , before the A Lyga champion-deciding match against FBK Kaunas , the club was controversially expelled from the top division by the National Football Club Association ( NFKA ) for alleged match fixing , but reinstated a day later . In August 2006 FK Ekranas won the first Baltic Champion 's Cup tournament in Liepāja after beating Estonian champions TVMK Tallinn 6-4 and drawing with the home side Liepājas Metalurgs 1-1 ." } ] }, { "value": "Panevėžys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Panevėžys", "summary": "Panevėžys ( Lithuanian pronunciation : [ pɐnʲɛvʲeːˈʑiːs ] ( listen ) , Latin : Panevezen , Polish : Poniewież , Yiddish : פּאָנעװעזש Ponevezh ) see also other names , is the fifth largest city in Lithuania . As of 2011 , it occupied 52 square kilometres ( 20 sq mi ) with 113,653 inhabitants . As defined by Eurostat , the population of Panevėžys functional urban area , that stretches beyond the city limits , is estimated at 127,471 ( as of 2017 ) The largest multifunctional arena in Panevėžys , Cido Arena , hosted the Eurobasket 2011 group matches . The town is still widely known , if indirectly , in the Jewish world , for the eponymous Ponevezh Yeshiva ." } ] }, { "value": "Aukštaitija Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aukštaitija_Stadium", "summary": "Aukštaitija Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Panevėžys , Lithuania . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FK Panevėžys and earlier of FK Ekranas Panevėžys . It is named Aukštaitija , one of the five regions of Lithuania ." } ] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 1st", "urls": [] }, { "value": "FBK Kaunas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FBK_Kaunas", "summary": "Kauno futbolo ir beisbolo klubas , commonly known as FBK Kaunas , was a Lithuanian football club from the city of Kaunas ." } ] }, { "value": "Kaunas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kaunas", "summary": "Kaunas ( /ˈkaʊnəs/ ; Lithuanian : [ ˈkɐʊˑnɐs ] ( listen ) ; also see other names ) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and the historical centre of Lithuanian economic , academic , and cultural life . Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Palatinate since 1413 . In the Russian Empire , it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915 . During the interwar period , it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania , when Vilnius was seized by Poland between 1920 and 1939 . During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life , fashion , construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture , the interior design of the time , and a widespread café culture . The city interwar architecture is regarded as among the finest examples of European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label . It contributed to Kaunas being named as the first city in Central and Eastern Europe to be designated as a UNESCO City of Design . Kaunas has been selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2022 , together with Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg . The city is the capital of Kaunas County , and the seat of the Kaunas city municipality and the Kaunas District Municipality . It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas . Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers , the Nemunas and the Neris , and is near the Kaunas Reservoir , the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania . As defined by Eurostat , the population of Kaunas functional urban area , that stretches beyond the city limits , is estimated at 383,764 ( as of 2017 ) , while according to statistics of Kaunas territorial health insurance fund , there are 437,283 permanent inhabitants ( as of 2018 ) in Kaunas city and Kaunas district municipalities combined ." } ] }, { "value": "S. Darius and S. Girėnas Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/S._Darius_and_S._Girėnas_Stadium", "summary": "S. Darius and S. Girėnas stadium ( Lithuanian : S.Dariaus ir S.Girėno stadionas ) is a multi-use stadium in the Ąžuolynas park in Žaliakalnis district of Kaunas , Lithuania , that is now being reconstructed . The all-seater stadium will hold 15,315 people . In 1998 the stadium was renovated according to UEFA regulations , and in 2005 it was modernised with the installation of the biggest stadium television screen in the Baltic states . The latest renovation started in 2018 . It will be the biggest stadium in the Baltic states . It hosts Lithuanian football matches as well as international athletics championships . During a sporting season about 50 events are held here ." } ] }, { "value": "I Lyga , 1st", "urls": [] }, { "value": "FC Klaipėda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Klaipėda", "summary": "FC Klaipėda was a Lithuanian football club from the city of Klaipėda . The team was promoted to the A Lyga , the top-level league of Lithuania , for the 2010 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Klaipėda", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Žalgiris Stadium ( Klaipėda )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 8th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kruoja", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Kruoja_Pakruojis", "summary": "FK Kruoja Pakruojis was a Lithuanian football club from the city of Pakruojis . The team first played in the A Lyga , Lithuania 's top football division , in 2009 . They were promoted after FBK Kaunas and Atlantas Klaipėda voluntarily withdrew . The team 's colours are yellow and blue . The club plays at Pakruojis stadium ( capacity 2000 ) . In August 2015 , Kruoja withdrew from A Lyga ." } ] }, { "value": "Pakruojis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pakruojis", "summary": "Pakruojis ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city in Lithuania . It is situated on the Kruoja River , which has a dam above the city . Forty three buildings of the manor , mentioned in 1531 still survive ." } ] }, { "value": "Pakruojis Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pakruojis_Stadium", "summary": "Pakruojis City Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Pakruojis , Lithuania . It opened in 1989 and is used mostly for football matches . It is the home arena for FC Pakruojis and former A Lyga club FK Kruoja . In 2010 stadium was renovated . Capacity was increased to 2,000 seats , new technical area added . It currently holds 1st UEFA stadiums category ." } ] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 7th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mažeikiai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Mažeikiai", "summary": "FK Mažeikiai is a Lithuanian football club from city of Mažeikiai ." } ] }, { "value": "Mažeikiai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mažeikiai", "summary": "Mažeikiai ( pronunciation ( help·info ) , Samogitian : Mažeikē ) is a city in the north-western Lithuania , on the Venta River . It had a population of around 43,547 , making it the eighth largest city in Lithuania . The city is the administrative center of Mažeikiai district municipality in Telšiai County . It is the largest city that does not have its own county ." } ] }, { "value": "Sports Centre Stadium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 9th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sūduva", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Sūduva_Marijampolė", "summary": "FK Sūduva is a professional football club based in the city of Marijampolė , Lithuania . Founded in 1968 . The club are the defending football champions of Lithuania . The club have been playing in the A Lyga since 2002 . In 2006 the team won its first trophy - the Lithuanian Cup , a feat they repeated in 2009 . In 2017 Sūduva won the A Lyga for the first time in its history , and repeated the triumph in 2018 and 2019 . The team 's colours are white and red . The club plays at Hikvision futbolo arena in Marijampolė ( capacity 6,250 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Marijampolė", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marijampolė", "summary": "Marijampolė ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; also known by several other names ) is a cultural and industrial city and the capital of the Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania , bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast , and Lake Vištytis . The population of Marijampolė is 48,700 ( 2003 ) . It is the Lithuanian center of the Suvalkija region . Marijampolė is the seventh-largest city in Lithuania , and has been its regional center since 1994 . The city covers an area equal to 205.07 square kilometres ( 79.18 sq mi ) . The Šešupė River divides the city into two parts which are connected by six bridges ." } ] }, { "value": "Sūduva Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sūduva_stadium", "summary": "Marijampolė Football Arena , also referred to as Sūduva Stadium , is a multi-purpose stadium in Marijampolė , Lithuania . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Sūduva . Between the 2011 and 2019 seasons the stadium was named ARVI Football Arena after the sponsoring rights were bought by ARVI Enterprises Group . The stadium was built using funds from the European Union and opened on July 6 , 2008 . Its original capacity increased from 4,200 to 6,500 spectators after additional seats were installed in May-June 2009 before a match between Lithuania national team and Romania . 11 December 2019 reports that ARVI Group will no longer support Sūduva club . There were notes and signboards bearing the name of a former sponsor . The ARVi Arena has been renamed the Marijampolė Football Arena ( at least temporarily until another sponsor appears ) ." } ] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 2nd", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Šiauliai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Šiauliai", "summary": "FC Šiauliai is a Lithuanian football team from the city of Šiauliai . The team is referred to as Šiauliai ." } ] }, { "value": "Šiauliai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Šiauliai", "summary": "Šiauliai ( [ ɕɛʊ̯ˈlʲɛɪ̯ˑ ] ( listen ) ; Samogitian : Šiaulē ) is the fourth largest city in Lithuania , with a population of 107,086 . From 1994 to 2010 it was the capital of Šiauliai County ." } ] }, { "value": "Savivaldybė Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Savivaldybė_Stadium", "summary": "N/A" } ] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 5th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tauras", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Tauras_Tauragė", "summary": "FK Tauras is a Lithuanian football team from the city of Tauragė ." } ] }, { "value": "Tauragė", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tauragė", "summary": "Tauragė ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; see other names ) is an industrial city in Lithuania , and the capital of Tauragė County . In 2011 , its population was 26,444 . Tauragė is situated on the Jūra River , close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast , and not far from the Baltic Sea coast . Although first mentioned in 1507 , Tauragė received its city charter only in 1924 and its coat of arms ( a silver hunting horn in a red field ) in 1997. Notable buildings in the city include the castle ( 19th c. Russian Empire Customs ) ( currently housing Tauragė Region Museum , Tourism Information Centre ) , 19th c. Post office , beautiful buildings from the 20th c. inter-war period , several churches : the Lutheran ( built in 1843 ) , the Catholic ( 1904 ) and Orthodox ( 1933 ) . Lithuanian , Swedish and Danish factories operate in the city . Nowadays Tauragė is famous for its car markets and adventure parks ." } ] }, { "value": "Vytauto Stadium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 4th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Žalgiris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Žalgiris_Vilnius", "summary": "Futbolo klubas Žalgiris , commonly known as FK Žalgiris , Žalgiris Vilnius or simply Žalgiris is a Lithuanian professional football club based in Vilnius . The club competes in the A Lyga , the top flight of Lithuanian football . The club was founded as Dinamo in 1947 . The club 's name commemorates the victorious Battle of Žalgiris ( Battle of Grunwald ) ( both names : Žalgiris and Grunwald are translated as green grove ) . Žalgiris has featured many Lithuanian football legends during their history , including Arminas Narbekovas , Valdas Ivanauskas , Edgaras Jankauskas and Deividas Šemberas . They have won the Lithuanian Championship 7 times , the Lithuanian Football Cup 12 times and the Lithuanian Supercup 6 times . The team 's colours are green and white . The club plays at LFF stadium in Vilnius which has a capacity of 5,067 ." } ] }, { "value": "Vilnius", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vilnius", "summary": "Vilnius ( Lithuanian pronunciation : [ ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs ] ( listen ) , see also other names ) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city , with a population of 580,020 as of 2020 [ update ] . The population of Vilnius functional urban area , that stretches beyond the city limits , is estimated at 697,691 ( as of 2017 ) , while according to statistics of Vilnius territorial health insurance fund , there are 728,032 permanent inhabitants ( as of December 2019 ) in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined . Vilnius is in the southeast part of Lithuania and is the second largest city in the Baltic states . Vilnius is the seat of the national government of Lithuania and the Vilnius District Municipality . Vilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies , and is known for the architecture in its Old Town , declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 . Before World War II , Vilnius was one of the largest Jewish centres in Europe . Its Jewish influence has led to it being described as the Jerusalem of Lithuania and Napoleon named it the Jerusalem of the North as he was passing through in 1812 . In 2009 , Vilnius was the European Capital of Culture , together with the Austrian city of Linz ." } ] }, { "value": "Žalgiris Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Žalgiris_Stadium", "summary": "Žalgiris Stadium ( Lithuanian : Žalgirio stadionas ) was a multi-purpose stadium in Žirmūnai elderate of Vilnius , Lithuania . The stadium holds 15,029 and was being used by the first division I Lyga - REO Vilnius . It was the largest football stadium in Lithuania and was built on the desecrated graves of Jews interred in the Old Jewish Cemetery under the stadium . It is named after the Battle of Grunwald and was rebuilt by the German POWs after World War II and finished in 1950 ( the stadium existed already before World War II and was used by Pogoń Wilno ; in 1936 the Polish athletics championships were held at the stadium ) . After independence it was used by the Lithuania national football team , but in recent years it lost its meaning as the national stadium and all the international football matches were played either at S.Dariaus ir S.Girėno Stadium in Kaunas or at the newer LFF Stadium also in Vilnius . In 2015 , the stadium was sold to Lithuanian real estate company Hanner who planned to demolish it and make way for apartments , hotel and offices . The demolition of Žalgiris stadium was started on July 5 , 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "A Lyga , 3rd", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Teams", "section_text": "The league will see a change in the number of teams once again as twelve teams were granted a licence for 2011 , [ 3 ] one more than in the 2010 season . FK Vėtra were expelled over financial troubles after 16 matches of the 2010 season ; [ 4 ] their records were annulled and the team was subsequently disbanded . [ citation needed ] From the remaining ten clubs , Atletas Kaunas , who finished in last place at the end of the season , were the only team not to apply for a 2011 top-level licence . Atletas therefore played at the second level in 2011 . Three new teams were admitted to the league , unbeaten [ 5 ] 2010 I Lyga champions FBK Kaunas , seventh-placed team Atlantas Klaipėda and Dainava Alytus , a merger between I Lyga runners-up Alytis Alytus and third-placed city rivals Vidzgiris . [ 6 ] FBK Kaunas and Atlantas made their return after two seasons in the lower divisions of the Lithuanian league system , while Dainava had their debut in the A Lyga , as neither of its predecessor clubs played at the Lithuanian top level in its history . AtlantasKlaipėdaBangaDainavaEkranasKaunasKruojaMažeikiaiŠiauliaiSūduvaTaurasŽalgiris Location of teams in the 2010 A Lyga", "uid": "2011_A_Lyga_0", "intro": "The 2011 A Lyga was the 22nd season of the A Lyga, the top-tier football league of Lithuania. The season began on 12 March 2011 and ended on 6 November 2011. Ekranas were the defending champions, having won their third consecutive title at the end of the 2010 season." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Belgian_football_transfers_summer_2009", "title": "List of Belgian football transfers summer 2009", "header": [ "Date", "Name", "Moving from", "Moving to", "Fee" ], "data": [ { "value": "August 3 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hernán Losada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hernán_Losada", "summary": "Hernán Losada ( born May 9 , 1982 ) is a retired Argentine professional football who played as a midfielder . He was known for his beautiful dribbles and fine passes , according to Belgian media . During his time at Belgium , Losada played three times for Beerschot , under a different name . Currently he is the manager of Beerschot in the Belgian First Division B ." } ] }, { "value": "Anderlecht", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.S.C._Anderlecht", "summary": "Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht , usually known as Anderlecht ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈɑndərlɛxt ] , French : [ ɑ̃dəʁlɛkt ] , German : [ ˈandɐlɛçt ] ) or RSCA ( Dutch : [ ˌɛrɛseːˈjaː , -seːˈʔaː ] , French : [ ɛʁɛsse.ɑ ] , German : [ ˌɛɐ̯ʔɛs.tseːˈʔaː ] ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Anderlecht , Brussels Capital-Region . Anderlecht plays in the Belgian First Division A and is the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions , with five trophies , as well as in the Belgian domestic league , with 34 championship wins . They have also won nine Belgian Cups and hold the record for most consecutive Belgian championship titles , winning five between the 1963-64 and 1967-68 seasons . Founded in 1908 , the club first reached the highest level in Belgian football in 1921-22 and have been playing in the first division continuously since 1935-36 and in Europe since 1964-65 . They won their first major trophy after World War II with a championship win in 1946-47 . Since then , they have never finished outside the top six of the Belgian first division . They are ranked 14th amongst all-time UEFA club competition winners , tenth in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics continental Clubs of the 20th Century European ranking and were 41st in the 2012 UEFA team rankings . In 1986 , they achieved their best UEFA ranking with a joint first place with Juventus . Anderlecht have been playing their matches in the Astrid Park in the municipality of Anderlecht since 1917 . Their current stadium , Constant Vanden Stock Stadium , was first opened in 1983 , and replaced the former Emile Versé Stadium . They play in purple and white outfits . They have long-standing rivalries with Club Brugge and Standard Liège ." } ] }, { "value": "Heerenveen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SC_Heerenveen", "summary": "Sportclub Heerenveen ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈspɔrtklɵp ˌɦeːrə ( n ) ˈveːn ] ; West Frisian : Sportklub It Hearrenfean ) football club that plays in the Eredivisie , the top level of football in the Netherlands ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 3 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tim Matthys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tim_Matthys", "summary": "Tim Matthys ( born 23 December 1983 ) is a Belgian football official and a former player . As of 2019 , he works as a scout with Gent ." } ] }, { "value": "Zulte Waregem", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/S.V._Zulte_Waregem", "summary": "Sportvereniging Zulte Waregem ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈspɔrtfəˌreːnəɣɪŋ ˈzɵltə ˈʋaːrəɣɛm ] ) , commonly known as Zulte Waregem or by their nickname Essevee ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ɛsəˈveː ] ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Waregem , West Flanders . Zulte Waregem plays in the Belgian First Division A . Their highest finish at the highest level was second place in 2012-13 . They have won two Belgian Cups . They qualified for the 2006-07 UEFA Cup , losing in the round of 32 to Newcastle United . Also in the seasons 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 they managed to play in the Europa League group stages . On both occasions the club ended 3rd in their group . The club is a product of a partnership in 2001 between Zultse VV and KSV Waregem , a former first division regular . No merger was applied . Zulte Waregem first reached the highest level in Belgian football by winning the 2004-05 second division . The club uniforms are red and green . They play their home matches at the Regenboogstadion , the former stadium of KSV Waregem ." } ] }, { "value": "Lierse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lierse_S.K.", "summary": "Koninklijke Lierse Sportkring ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈliːrsə ˈspɔrtkrɪŋ ] ) , often simply known as Lierse , was a Belgian professional football club from the city of Lier in the Antwerp province . Lierse have won four championship titles and two Belgian Cups . Lierse was one of the six Belgian clubs to have played in the UEFA Champions League group stage , the other being Anderlecht , Club Brugge , Genk , Standard Liège and KAA Gent . The club was founded in 1906 and they first promoted to the first division in 1927-28 . Lierse was successful in the first division until the end of World War II , winning two titles and finishing only four times outside the top five . At the end of the 1947-48 season , they were relegated to the second division . Lierse enjoyed two more spells at the highest level , each time with a championship win ( between 1953-54 and 1985-86 and between 1988-89 and 2006-07 ) . Lierse spent five more years in first division between 2010-11 and 2014-15 , but since then played in the second division . Lierse played their home matches at the Herman Vanderpoortenstadion in Lier , which is also known as Het Lisp , because the stadium is located in a neighbourhood named Lisp . They had yellow and black colours . The club was bought by Egyptian businessman Maged Samy , who also owns KV Turnhout and Wadi Degla in Egypt . The most capped player at the club is Bernard Voorhoof with 61 caps for Belgium , all when he was at Lierse ." } ] }, { "value": "Undisclosed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 5 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert Maah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_Maah", "summary": "Robert Maah ( born 25 March 1985 ) is a French professional footballer who plays for Stade Lavallois . Although he can play as a centre forward he is usually deployed as a winger ." } ] }, { "value": "Grosseto", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/U.S._Grosseto_F.C.", "summary": "F.C . Grosseto S.S.D . is an Italian association football club , based in the city of Grosseto , Tuscany . The club was founded in 1912 . The team 's most associated nickname is grifone , after its logo , depicting a griffon . Its colours are red and white , and it currently plays in Serie D , the fourth level of Italian football . The club participated in professional league until 2015 as Unione Sportiva Grosseto Football Club . However the club failed to qualify for the 2015-16 Lega Pro , the third level of Italian football , following the departure of chairman Piero Camilli . Thanks to Article 52 of N.O.I.F. , a phoenix club , F.C . Grosseto S.S.D . was admitted into the 2015-16 Serie D , the fourth level of Italian football instead ." } ] }, { "value": "Mouscron", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.E._Mouscron", "summary": "R.E . Mouscron was a Belgian football club from the municipality of Mouscron , Hainaut . In December 2009 they were declared bankrupt and soon ceased to exist . A new club known as Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz was formed in March 2010 and placed in the Belgian Third Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Undisclosed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 5 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tommaso Pieroni", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fortis Juventus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A.S.D._Fortis_Juventus_1909", "summary": "Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Fortis Juventus 1909 is an Italian association football club located in Borgo San Lorenzo , Tuscany . Currently it plays in Italy 's Serie D ." } ] }, { "value": "Mouscron", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.E._Mouscron", "summary": "R.E . Mouscron was a Belgian football club from the municipality of Mouscron , Hainaut . In December 2009 they were declared bankrupt and soon ceased to exist . A new club known as Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz was formed in March 2010 and placed in the Belgian Third Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Undisclosed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 6 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christian Benteke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christian_Benteke", "summary": "Christian Benteke Liolo ( born 3 December 1990 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Crystal Palace and the Belgium national team . He began his career at Standard Liège , playing a part in their 2008-09 Belgian First Division triumph . Following a season at Genk he was signed for £7 million by Aston Villa . He scored 49 goals in 101 matches for Villa across all competitions , including 19 Premier League goals in his debut season and helping them to the 2015 FA Cup Final , before transferring to Liverpool in 2015 for £32.5 million . He spent a single season at Liverpool , scoring a total of ten goals , before being transferred to Crystal Palace at the start of the 2016-17 season . Benteke has earned over 30 caps for Belgium since making his debut in 2010 . He missed the 2014 FIFA World Cup through injury , but was part of their team that reached the quarter-finals of UEFA Euro 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Standard Liège", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Standard_Liège", "summary": "Royal Standard de Liège , commonly referred to as Standard Liège ( French : [ stɑ̃daʁ ljɛʒ ] ; Dutch : Standard Luik [ ˈstɑndɑrt ˈlœyk ] ; German : Standard Lüttich [ ˈstandaɐ̯t ˈlʏtɪç , ˈʃtan- ] ) , is a Belgian football club from the city of Liège . They are one of the most successful clubs in Belgium , having won the Belgian league on ten occasions , most recently in 2007-08 and 2008-09 . They have been in the top flight without interruption since 1921 , longer than any other Belgian side . They have also won eight Belgian Cups , and in 1981-82 they reached the final of the European Cup Winners ' Cup , which they lost 2-1 against Barcelona . Standard players are nicknamed les Rouches [ le ʁuʃ ] because of their red jerseys . The French word for red , rouge , when pronounced with a Liège accent , sounds like rouche ." } ] }, { "value": "Kortrijk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.V._Kortrijk", "summary": "Koninklijke Voetbalclub Kortrijk ( often simply called KV Kortrijk or KVK ) is a Belgian professional football club based in Kortrijk , West Flanders . They play in the Belgian First Division , and they achieved their best ranking ever during the 2009-10 season , finishing fourth after the play-offs . KV Kortrijk was founded in 1971 , though their roots can be traced to 1901 . They are registered to the Royal Belgian Football Association with matricule number 19 . The club colours are red and white . They play their home matches at the Guldensporenstadion , named after the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place in Kortrijk in 1302 . KV Kortrijk first entered the first division in the early 20th century , between 1906-07 and 1910-11 . They eventually had to wait 65 years to return at the highest level , when they spent 15 seasons at the top flight , interrupted by a season in the second division ( between 1976-77 and 1978-79 and between 1980-81 and 1991-92 ) . KV Kortrijk also played the 1998-99 season in the first division before they returned to the Belgian Pro League in the 2008-09 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 6 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Grondin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Grondin", "summary": "David Roland Clément Grondin ( born 8 May 1980 ) is a French former footballer . Grondin , who played as a left back , featured for Arsenal as well as several French and Belgian clubs ." } ] }, { "value": "Mechelen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KV_Mechelen", "summary": "Yellow Red Koninklijke Voetbalclub Mechelen ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˌjɛloː ˈrɛt ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˌvudbɑlklʏp ˈmɛxələ ( n ) ] ) , often simply called KV Mechelen ( Dutch pronunciation : [ kaːˌveː ˈmɛxələ ( n ) ] ) or KVM , or by their former French name FC Malinois , is a Belgian professional football club based in Mechelen in the Antwerp province . KV Mechelen plays in the Belgian First Division A . They have won four Belgian championships and twice the Belgian Cup , as well as the 1987-88 European Cup Winners ' Cup and the 1988 European Super Cup . They collected most of their honours in the 1940s and in the 1980s . KV Mechelen was founded in 1904 and , in 1921-22 , promoted to the first division . After two successive relegation and promotion , they were back for good between 1928-29 and 1955-56 . In the 1960s and 1970s , the club had several promotions and relegations between the first and second division . From 1983-84 to 1996-97 , they had a successful first division spell , with a title and several second- and third-place finishes . During that period , they also won a European Cup Winners ' Cup and they reached the same competition semi-finals as well as the European Cup quarter-finals . KV Mechelen declined in the late 1990s though they had two more spells at the highest level from 1999-2000 to 2000-01 and in 2002-03 . At the end of that season , the club did not receive their Belgian professional football license . They were therefore relegated to the third division with a nine-point penalty ." } ] }, { "value": "Mons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.A.E.C._Mons", "summary": "R.A.E.C . Mons was a Belgian football club based in Mons , Belgium , The team was promoted to the Belgian Jupiler League at the conclusion of the 2010-11 season re-joining the Top Belgian League after two years in the Belgian 2nd Division ( Exqi League ) . The team was relegated at the end of the 2013-2014 season , having finished last in the league . Dutch speakers tend to refer to the team as Bergen , the Dutch name for Mons . The club declared bankruptcy on 16 February 2015 . On 18 May 2015 it was announced that Royale Union Sportive Genly-Quévy would take over the ground and be renamed Royal Albert Quévy-Mons ." } ] }, { "value": "Undisclosed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 6 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kristof Van Hout", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kristof_Van_Hout", "summary": "Kristof Van Hout ( born 9 February 1987 in Lommel ) is a Belgian footballer , who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Westerlo in the Proximus League ." } ] }, { "value": "Kortrijk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.V._Kortrijk", "summary": "Koninklijke Voetbalclub Kortrijk ( often simply called KV Kortrijk or KVK ) is a Belgian professional football club based in Kortrijk , West Flanders . They play in the Belgian First Division , and they achieved their best ranking ever during the 2009-10 season , finishing fourth after the play-offs . KV Kortrijk was founded in 1971 , though their roots can be traced to 1901 . They are registered to the Royal Belgian Football Association with matricule number 19 . The club colours are red and white . They play their home matches at the Guldensporenstadion , named after the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place in Kortrijk in 1302 . KV Kortrijk first entered the first division in the early 20th century , between 1906-07 and 1910-11 . They eventually had to wait 65 years to return at the highest level , when they spent 15 seasons at the top flight , interrupted by a season in the second division ( between 1976-77 and 1978-79 and between 1980-81 and 1991-92 ) . KV Kortrijk also played the 1998-99 season in the first division before they returned to the Belgian Pro League in the 2008-09 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Standard Liège", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Standard_Liège", "summary": "Royal Standard de Liège , commonly referred to as Standard Liège ( French : [ stɑ̃daʁ ljɛʒ ] ; Dutch : Standard Luik [ ˈstɑndɑrt ˈlœyk ] ; German : Standard Lüttich [ ˈstandaɐ̯t ˈlʏtɪç , ˈʃtan- ] ) , is a Belgian football club from the city of Liège . They are one of the most successful clubs in Belgium , having won the Belgian league on ten occasions , most recently in 2007-08 and 2008-09 . They have been in the top flight without interruption since 1921 , longer than any other Belgian side . They have also won eight Belgian Cups , and in 1981-82 they reached the final of the European Cup Winners ' Cup , which they lost 2-1 against Barcelona . Standard players are nicknamed les Rouches [ le ʁuʃ ] because of their red jerseys . The French word for red , rouge , when pronounced with a Liège accent , sounds like rouche ." } ] }, { "value": "Undisclosed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 8 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Štěpán Kučera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Štěpán_Kučera", "summary": "Štěpán Kučera ( born 11 June 1984 in Prague ) is a Czech footballer who plays as a defender for FC Tobol in Kazakhstan Premier League ." } ] }, { "value": "Club Brugge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Club_Brugge_K.V.", "summary": "Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging ( Dutch pronunciation : [ klʏˈbrʏɣə ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈvudbɑlvəreːnəɣɪŋ ] ) , commonly referred to as just Club Brugge , or Club Bruges commonly in English , is a football club based in Bruges in Belgium . It was founded in 1891 and its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium , which has a capacity of 29,062 . One of the most decorated clubs in Belgian football , the club have been crowned Belgian league champions 15 times , second only to major rivals Anderlecht , and it shares the Jan Breydel Stadium with city rival Cercle Brugge , with whom they contest the Bruges derby . Throughout its long history , Club Brugge has enjoyed much European football success , reaching two European finals and two European semi-finals . Club Brugge is the only Belgian club to have played the final of the European Cup ( forerunner of the current UEFA Champions League ) so far , losing to Liverpool in the final of the 1978 season . They also lost in the 1976 UEFA Cup Final to the same opponents . Club Brugge holds the European record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Europa League ( 20 ) , the record number of Belgian Cups ( 11 ) , and the record number of Belgian Super Cups ( 15 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Roeselare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.S.V._Roeselare", "summary": "Koninklijke Sport Vereniging Roeselare , or KSV Roeselare ( Dutch pronunciation : [ kaːʔɛsˌfeː ˈrusəlaːrə ] ) , is a Belgian football club from the city of Roeselare in West Flanders . Its matricule is the n°134 . It has last played in the Belgian Pro League from 2005-06 to 2009-10 . Roeselare is a professional club , meaning it comprises professional footballers ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 10 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Vandenbroeck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Vandenbroeck", "summary": "David Vandenbroeck ( born 12 July 1985 in Braine-l'Alleud ) is a Belgian football defender who is currently playing for Differdange in the Luxembourg National Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Charleroi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R._Charleroi_S.C.", "summary": "Royal Charleroi Sporting Club , often simply known as Charleroi or Sporting Charleroi , is a Belgian football club based in the city of Charleroi , in the province of Hainaut . Charleroi plays in the Belgian Pro League and their current spell at the highest level in Belgian football has started in the 2012-13 season . Charleroi was founded in 1904 and they first reached the first division in 1947-48 . Their highest finish was runner-up in the 1968-69 season . They have also twice reached the Belgian Cup final , losing in 1977-78 to Beveren and in 1992-93 to Standard Liège . Sporting Charleroi have a long-standing rivalry with their crosstown rival ROC de Charleroi-Marchienne , currently playing in the third division . Charleroi play their home matches at the Stade du Pays de Charleroi , which was refurbished for the UEFA Euro 2000 . The stadium hosted 3 group stage games in the Euro 2000 among which the 1-0 victory of England against Germany . Charleroi have been recruiting several French players in recent years , including Michaël Ciani , Cyril Théréau and goalkeeper Bertrand Laquait ." } ] }, { "value": "Kortrijk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.V._Kortrijk", "summary": "Koninklijke Voetbalclub Kortrijk ( often simply called KV Kortrijk or KVK ) is a Belgian professional football club based in Kortrijk , West Flanders . They play in the Belgian First Division , and they achieved their best ranking ever during the 2009-10 season , finishing fourth after the play-offs . KV Kortrijk was founded in 1971 , though their roots can be traced to 1901 . They are registered to the Royal Belgian Football Association with matricule number 19 . The club colours are red and white . They play their home matches at the Guldensporenstadion , named after the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place in Kortrijk in 1302 . KV Kortrijk first entered the first division in the early 20th century , between 1906-07 and 1910-11 . They eventually had to wait 65 years to return at the highest level , when they spent 15 seasons at the top flight , interrupted by a season in the second division ( between 1976-77 and 1978-79 and between 1980-81 and 1991-92 ) . KV Kortrijk also played the 1998-99 season in the first division before they returned to the Belgian Pro League in the 2008-09 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 14 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daan De Pever", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daan_De_Pever", "summary": "Daan De Pever ( born 17 January 1989 ) is a Belgian footballer who plays for RWDM Brussels ." } ] }, { "value": "Dender", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/F.C._Verbroedering_Dender_E.H.", "summary": "Football Club Verbroedering Dender Eendracht Hekelgem , also simply known as Dender or Verbroedering Dender , is a Belgian association football club based in Denderleeuw . The club is named after former clubs KFC Denderleeuw Eendracht Hekelgem and Verbroedering Denderhoutem , which merged at the end of the 2004-05 season , and after the river Dender , which crosses the town of Denderleeuw . The home stadium of the club is Florent Beeckmanstadion , located in Denderleeuw . Their best league ranking was the 15th place in the first division ( in 2007-08 and 2008-09 ) . The club colours are blue and black ." } ] }, { "value": "Roeselare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.S.V._Roeselare", "summary": "Koninklijke Sport Vereniging Roeselare , or KSV Roeselare ( Dutch pronunciation : [ kaːʔɛsˌfeː ˈrusəlaːrə ] ) , is a Belgian football club from the city of Roeselare in West Flanders . Its matricule is the n°134 . It has last played in the Belgian Pro League from 2005-06 to 2009-10 . Roeselare is a professional club , meaning it comprises professional footballers ." } ] }, { "value": "Undisclosed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 17 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Henri Munyaneza", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Henri_Munyaneza", "summary": "Henri Munyaneza ( born June 19 , 1984 ) is a retired Rwandan footballer . He was capped for the Rwanda national football team and was a squad member at the 2004 African Cup of Nations ." } ] }, { "value": "Germinal Beerschot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.F.C._Germinal_Beerschot", "summary": "Koninklijke Beerschot Antwerpen Club ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈbeːrsxɔt ˈɑntʋɛrpə ( n ) ˈklɵp ] ) , simply known as Beerschot AC , was a Belgian football club based in southern Antwerp . Beerschot played in the Belgian Pro League from 1999-2000 ( as Germinal Beerschot ) until 2012-13 , when they were relegated not only through their league position , but also lost their professional license through financial issues , being officially declared bankrupt on 21 May 2013 - one week after the season had ended . The club was established in 1999 as the result of the merger between K Beerschot VAC and KFC Germinal Ekeren , from which they took over the matricule number and history . Prior to the merger , Germinal Ekeren had been a first division club for 10 years , while 7 times Belgian champion Beerschot was struggling with financial problems in the third division . The club won 2 Belgian Cups , one as Germinal Ekeren in 1997 , the other as Germinal Beerschot in 2005 . Their best league ranking was a 3rd place in 1995-96 and in 1997-98 ." } ] }, { "value": "Dender", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/F.C._Verbroedering_Dender_E.H.", "summary": "Football Club Verbroedering Dender Eendracht Hekelgem , also simply known as Dender or Verbroedering Dender , is a Belgian association football club based in Denderleeuw . The club is named after former clubs KFC Denderleeuw Eendracht Hekelgem and Verbroedering Denderhoutem , which merged at the end of the 2004-05 season , and after the river Dender , which crosses the town of Denderleeuw . The home stadium of the club is Florent Beeckmanstadion , located in Denderleeuw . Their best league ranking was the 15th place in the first division ( in 2007-08 and 2008-09 ) . The club colours are blue and black ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 18 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Damien Lahaye", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Damien_Lahaye", "summary": "Damien Lahaye ( born 30 January 1984 ) is a Belgian football player who currently plays for RUS Rebecq . Lahaye is a goalkeeper who has appeared in 6 Belgian First Division matches for Charleroi ." } ] }, { "value": "Charleroi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R._Charleroi_S.C.", "summary": "Royal Charleroi Sporting Club , often simply known as Charleroi or Sporting Charleroi , is a Belgian football club based in the city of Charleroi , in the province of Hainaut . Charleroi plays in the Belgian Pro League and their current spell at the highest level in Belgian football has started in the 2012-13 season . Charleroi was founded in 1904 and they first reached the first division in 1947-48 . Their highest finish was runner-up in the 1968-69 season . They have also twice reached the Belgian Cup final , losing in 1977-78 to Beveren and in 1992-93 to Standard Liège . Sporting Charleroi have a long-standing rivalry with their crosstown rival ROC de Charleroi-Marchienne , currently playing in the third division . Charleroi play their home matches at the Stade du Pays de Charleroi , which was refurbished for the UEFA Euro 2000 . The stadium hosted 3 group stage games in the Euro 2000 among which the 1-0 victory of England against Germany . Charleroi have been recruiting several French players in recent years , including Michaël Ciani , Cyril Théréau and goalkeeper Bertrand Laquait ." } ] }, { "value": "Kortrijk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.V._Kortrijk", "summary": "Koninklijke Voetbalclub Kortrijk ( often simply called KV Kortrijk or KVK ) is a Belgian professional football club based in Kortrijk , West Flanders . They play in the Belgian First Division , and they achieved their best ranking ever during the 2009-10 season , finishing fourth after the play-offs . KV Kortrijk was founded in 1971 , though their roots can be traced to 1901 . They are registered to the Royal Belgian Football Association with matricule number 19 . The club colours are red and white . They play their home matches at the Guldensporenstadion , named after the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place in Kortrijk in 1302 . KV Kortrijk first entered the first division in the early 20th century , between 1906-07 and 1910-11 . They eventually had to wait 65 years to return at the highest level , when they spent 15 seasons at the top flight , interrupted by a season in the second division ( between 1976-77 and 1978-79 and between 1980-81 and 1991-92 ) . KV Kortrijk also played the 1998-99 season in the first division before they returned to the Belgian Pro League in the 2008-09 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 19 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tom Van Imschoot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tom_Van_Imschoot", "summary": "Tom Van Imschoot ( born 4 September 1981 in Tienen ) is a Belgian former footballer and manager who is currently assistant manager at Belgian First Division A side Genk ." } ] }, { "value": "Westerlo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.V.C._Westerlo", "summary": "Koninklijke Voetbal Club Westerlo ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈvudbɑl ˌklɵp ˈʋɛstərloː ] ; often simply called Westerlo ) is a Belgian professional football club located in the municipality of Westerlo in the province of Antwerp . Since 1997-98 , Westerlo has been mostly playing in the Belgian Pro League , save for a short stint in the Belgian Second Division between 2012 and 2014 . Their highest finish is a 6th place in 1999-00 , 2003-04 and 2008-09 . They have won one Belgian Cup . The only player who has ever been called up for the Belgium national football team while at Westerlo is Toni Brogno ( 7 caps , all of them while at Westerlo ) . The club was founded in 1933 , receiving the matricule number 2024 . Their colours are yellow and blue . They play their home matches at the Het Kuipje ." } ] }, { "value": "Mons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.A.E.C._Mons", "summary": "R.A.E.C . Mons was a Belgian football club based in Mons , Belgium , The team was promoted to the Belgian Jupiler League at the conclusion of the 2010-11 season re-joining the Top Belgian League after two years in the Belgian 2nd Division ( Exqi League ) . The team was relegated at the end of the 2013-2014 season , having finished last in the league . Dutch speakers tend to refer to the team as Bergen , the Dutch name for Mons . The club declared bankruptcy on 16 February 2015 . On 18 May 2015 it was announced that Royale Union Sportive Genly-Quévy would take over the ground and be renamed Royal Albert Quévy-Mons ." } ] }, { "value": "Free", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 21 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Laurent Ciman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laurent_Ciman", "summary": "Laurent Franco Ciman ( born 5 August 1985 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Major League Soccer club Toronto FC and the Belgium national team ." } ] }, { "value": "Club Brugge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Club_Brugge_K.V.", "summary": "Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging ( Dutch pronunciation : [ klʏˈbrʏɣə ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈvudbɑlvəreːnəɣɪŋ ] ) , commonly referred to as just Club Brugge , or Club Bruges commonly in English , is a football club based in Bruges in Belgium . It was founded in 1891 and its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium , which has a capacity of 29,062 . One of the most decorated clubs in Belgian football , the club have been crowned Belgian league champions 15 times , second only to major rivals Anderlecht , and it shares the Jan Breydel Stadium with city rival Cercle Brugge , with whom they contest the Bruges derby . Throughout its long history , Club Brugge has enjoyed much European football success , reaching two European finals and two European semi-finals . Club Brugge is the only Belgian club to have played the final of the European Cup ( forerunner of the current UEFA Champions League ) so far , losing to Liverpool in the final of the 1978 season . They also lost in the 1976 UEFA Cup Final to the same opponents . Club Brugge holds the European record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Europa League ( 20 ) , the record number of Belgian Cups ( 11 ) , and the record number of Belgian Super Cups ( 15 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Kortrijk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.V._Kortrijk", "summary": "Koninklijke Voetbalclub Kortrijk ( often simply called KV Kortrijk or KVK ) is a Belgian professional football club based in Kortrijk , West Flanders . They play in the Belgian First Division , and they achieved their best ranking ever during the 2009-10 season , finishing fourth after the play-offs . KV Kortrijk was founded in 1971 , though their roots can be traced to 1901 . They are registered to the Royal Belgian Football Association with matricule number 19 . The club colours are red and white . They play their home matches at the Guldensporenstadion , named after the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place in Kortrijk in 1302 . KV Kortrijk first entered the first division in the early 20th century , between 1906-07 and 1910-11 . They eventually had to wait 65 years to return at the highest level , when they spent 15 seasons at the top flight , interrupted by a season in the second division ( between 1976-77 and 1978-79 and between 1980-81 and 1991-92 ) . KV Kortrijk also played the 1998-99 season in the first division before they returned to the Belgian Pro League in the 2008-09 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 21 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carl Hoefkens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Hoefkens", "summary": "Carl Hoefkens ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkɑrl ˈɦuf.kəns ] ; born 6 October 1978 ) is a Belgian former footballer who played as a defender ." } ] }, { "value": "West Bromwich Albion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C.", "summary": "West Bromwich Albion Football Club ( /ˈbrɒmɪdʒ , -ɪtʃ/ ) is an English professional football club based in West Bromwich , West Midlands , England . They currently play in the Championship , the second tier of English football . The club was formed in 1878 and has played at its home ground , The Hawthorns , since 1900 . Albion were one of the founding members of the Football League in 1888 , the first professional football league in the world , and have spent the majority of their existence in the top tier of English football . They have been champions of England once , in 1919-20 , and have been runners-up twice . Albion have reached ten FA Cup finals , winning the Cup on five occasions . The first win came in 1888 , the year the league was founded , and the most recent in 1968 , their last major trophy . They also won the Football League Cup at the first attempt in 1966 . The club 's longest continuous period in the top division spanned 24 years between 1949 and 1973 , and from 1986 to 2002 they spent their longest ever spell out of the top division . The team has played in navy blue and white stripes for most of the club 's history ; and the club badge features a throstle perched on a hawthorn branch . Albion have a number of long-standing rivalries with other West Midlands clubs ; their traditional rivals being Aston Villa and Wolverhampton Wanderers . Albion contest the Black Country Derby with the latter ." } ] }, { "value": "Club Brugge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Club_Brugge_K.V.", "summary": "Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging ( Dutch pronunciation : [ klʏˈbrʏɣə ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈvudbɑlvəreːnəɣɪŋ ] ) , commonly referred to as just Club Brugge , or Club Bruges commonly in English , is a football club based in Bruges in Belgium . It was founded in 1891 and its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium , which has a capacity of 29,062 . One of the most decorated clubs in Belgian football , the club have been crowned Belgian league champions 15 times , second only to major rivals Anderlecht , and it shares the Jan Breydel Stadium with city rival Cercle Brugge , with whom they contest the Bruges derby . Throughout its long history , Club Brugge has enjoyed much European football success , reaching two European finals and two European semi-finals . Club Brugge is the only Belgian club to have played the final of the European Cup ( forerunner of the current UEFA Champions League ) so far , losing to Liverpool in the final of the 1978 season . They also lost in the 1976 UEFA Cup Final to the same opponents . Club Brugge holds the European record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Europa League ( 20 ) , the record number of Belgian Cups ( 11 ) , and the record number of Belgian Super Cups ( 15 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Free", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 21 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "László Köteles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/László_Köteles", "summary": "László Köteles ( Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈlaːsloː ˈkøtɛlɛʃ ] ; born 1 September 1984 ) is a Hungarian former goalkeeper ." } ] }, { "value": "Diósgyőri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diósgyőri_VTK", "summary": "Diósgyőr-Vasgyári Testgyakorlók Köre , more commonly Diósgyőri VTK ( Hungarian : [ ˈdioːʒɟøːri ˈveːteːkaː ] ) is a Hungarian sports club from Diósgyőr district of Miskolc best known for its football team . Founded in 1910 by the local working class youth , the team plays in the first division of the Hungarian League and has spent most of its history in the top tier of Hungarian football . Diósgyőr is best known for its passionate supporters - in the past years Diósgyőr had one of the highest average attendances in the Hungarian top division . The football club enjoyed its first golden age in the late '70s and early '80s , including a third place in the 1978-79 season of the Hungarian League and two Hungarian Cup triumphs in 1977 and 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Genk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.R.C._Genk", "summary": "Koninklijk Racing Club Genk ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈreːsɪŋ ˌklɵp ˈɣɛŋk ] ) , commonly known as KRC Genk , Racing Genk or simply Genk , is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Genk in Belgian Limburg . Racing Genk plays in the Belgian Pro League and have won four championship titles ; in 1998-99 , in 2001-02 , in 2010-11 and in 2018-19 . They have also won four Belgian Cups , most recently in 2008-09 and in 2012-13 . They qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage in the 2002-03 , 2011-12 and 2019-20 seasons . The club formed in 1988 by the merger of Waterschei Thor with KFC Winterslag , from which it took over the matricule number . It has been one of the most successful clubs in Belgium since the late 1990s and so they regularly qualify for European competitions . The club has been playing in the first division since the 1996-97 season . They play their home matches in the Luminus Arena . Their main outfit is blue and white ." } ] }, { "value": "Undisclosed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 21 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stefan Nikolić", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stefan_Nikolić", "summary": "Stefan Nikolić ( Cyrillic : Стефан Николић , born 16 April 1990 ) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a striker for FK Sutjeska Nikšić ." } ] }, { "value": "Lierse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lierse_S.K.", "summary": "Koninklijke Lierse Sportkring ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈliːrsə ˈspɔrtkrɪŋ ] ) , often simply known as Lierse , was a Belgian professional football club from the city of Lier in the Antwerp province . Lierse have won four championship titles and two Belgian Cups . Lierse was one of the six Belgian clubs to have played in the UEFA Champions League group stage , the other being Anderlecht , Club Brugge , Genk , Standard Liège and KAA Gent . The club was founded in 1906 and they first promoted to the first division in 1927-28 . Lierse was successful in the first division until the end of World War II , winning two titles and finishing only four times outside the top five . At the end of the 1947-48 season , they were relegated to the second division . Lierse enjoyed two more spells at the highest level , each time with a championship win ( between 1953-54 and 1985-86 and between 1988-89 and 2006-07 ) . Lierse spent five more years in first division between 2010-11 and 2014-15 , but since then played in the second division . Lierse played their home matches at the Herman Vanderpoortenstadion in Lier , which is also known as Het Lisp , because the stadium is located in a neighbourhood named Lisp . They had yellow and black colours . The club was bought by Egyptian businessman Maged Samy , who also owns KV Turnhout and Wadi Degla in Egypt . The most capped player at the club is Bernard Voorhoof with 61 caps for Belgium , all when he was at Lierse ." } ] }, { "value": "Roeselare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K.S.V._Roeselare", "summary": "Koninklijke Sport Vereniging Roeselare , or KSV Roeselare ( Dutch pronunciation : [ kaːʔɛsˌfeː ˈrusəlaːrə ] ) , is a Belgian football club from the city of Roeselare in West Flanders . Its matricule is the n°134 . It has last played in the Belgian Pro League from 2005-06 to 2009-10 . Roeselare is a professional club , meaning it comprises professional footballers ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ivan Perišić", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ivan_Perišić", "summary": "Ivan Perišić ( Croatian pronunciation : [ ǐʋan pěriʃitɕ ] ; born 2 February 1989 ) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays for Bayern Munich , on loan from Italian club Inter Milan , and the Croatia national team . He usually plays as a winger , but can also be deployed as an attacking midfielder or second striker . A product of the Hajduk Split and Sochaux youth academies , Perišić made a name for himself while playing for Club Brugge , where he was the Belgian Pro League top goalscorer and was named Belgian Footballer of the Year for 2011 . This earned him a transfer to Borussia Dortmund , with whom he won the 2011-12 Bundesliga , before signing with VfL Wolfsburg for €8 million in January 2013 . He remained there for two and a half seasons , winning the 2015 DFB-Pokal Final , before moving to Inter for €16 million . Perišić made his debut for the Croatia national team in 2011 , and represented his nation at Euro 2012 , the 2014 World Cup , Euro 2016 and the 2018 World Cup , reaching the final of the latter tournament . Instrumental to Croatia 's second golden generation , Perišić is the nation 's player with most goals created at the major tournaments ( 11 ) , and the first Croatian player ever to score in a World Cup Final ." } ] }, { "value": "Sochaux", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Sochaux-Montbéliard", "summary": "Football Club Sochaux-Montbéliard ( French pronunciation : ​ [ soʃo mɔ̃beljaʁ ] ; commonly referred to as FCSM or simply Sochaux ) is a French association football club based in the city of Montbéliard . The club was founded in 1928 and currently plays in Ligue 2 , the second tier of French football , after having finished 18th and being relegated from Ligue 1 in the 2013-14 season . Sochaux plays its home matches at the Stade Auguste Bonal , located within the city . Sochaux was founded by Jean-Pierre Peugeot , a prominent member of the Peugeot family , and is one of the founding members of the first division of French football . The club has won both Ligue 1 and the Coupe de France twice and have also won the Coupe de la Ligue . Sochaux 's last honour came in 2007 when the club , under the guidance of Alain Perrin , defeated favourites Marseille 5-4 on penalties in the 2007 Coupe de France Final . Sochaux 's colours are gold and navy blue . Sochaux is known for its youth academy , which has regularly finished in the top ten rankings of youth academies in France ( fourth in 2010 ) . The most successful team in the academy is the under-19 team , which has won the Coupe Gambardella twice , in 1973 and 2007 . In 2010 , Sochaux finished runners-up to Metz in the 2010 edition of the competition . The academy has produced several notable talents , such as Yannick Stopyra , El-Hadji Diouf , Jérémy Ménez , Bernard Genghini and Benoît Pedretti , among others ." } ] }, { "value": "Club Brugge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Club_Brugge_K.V.", "summary": "Club Brugge Koninklijke Voetbalvereniging ( Dutch pronunciation : [ klʏˈbrʏɣə ˌkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈvudbɑlvəreːnəɣɪŋ ] ) , commonly referred to as just Club Brugge , or Club Bruges commonly in English , is a football club based in Bruges in Belgium . It was founded in 1891 and its home ground is the Jan Breydel Stadium , which has a capacity of 29,062 . One of the most decorated clubs in Belgian football , the club have been crowned Belgian league champions 15 times , second only to major rivals Anderlecht , and it shares the Jan Breydel Stadium with city rival Cercle Brugge , with whom they contest the Bruges derby . Throughout its long history , Club Brugge has enjoyed much European football success , reaching two European finals and two European semi-finals . Club Brugge is the only Belgian club to have played the final of the European Cup ( forerunner of the current UEFA Champions League ) so far , losing to Liverpool in the final of the 1978 season . They also lost in the 1976 UEFA Cup Final to the same opponents . Club Brugge holds the European record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Europa League ( 20 ) , the record number of Belgian Cups ( 11 ) , and the record number of Belgian Super Cups ( 15 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "€250.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 27 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Diogo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diogo_Castro", "summary": "Diogo Guimarães de Lana Castro ( born 15 August 1985 ) , also known as Diogo Guimarães or just Diogo , is a Brazilian futsal player who plays for FP Halle-Gooik . Despite being a futsal player Diogo was signed by the football club Charleroi in advance of the 2009-2010 season but was released by the club before the end of August 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "Charleroi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R._Charleroi_S.C.", "summary": "Royal Charleroi Sporting Club , often simply known as Charleroi or Sporting Charleroi , is a Belgian football club based in the city of Charleroi , in the province of Hainaut . Charleroi plays in the Belgian Pro League and their current spell at the highest level in Belgian football has started in the 2012-13 season . Charleroi was founded in 1904 and they first reached the first division in 1947-48 . Their highest finish was runner-up in the 1968-69 season . They have also twice reached the Belgian Cup final , losing in 1977-78 to Beveren and in 1992-93 to Standard Liège . Sporting Charleroi have a long-standing rivalry with their crosstown rival ROC de Charleroi-Marchienne , currently playing in the third division . Charleroi play their home matches at the Stade du Pays de Charleroi , which was refurbished for the UEFA Euro 2000 . The stadium hosted 3 group stage games in the Euro 2000 among which the 1-0 victory of England against Germany . Charleroi have been recruiting several French players in recent years , including Michaël Ciani , Cyril Théréau and goalkeeper Bertrand Laquait ." } ] }, { "value": "None", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Released", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 27 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rami Gershon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rami_Gershon", "summary": "Rami Gershon ( Hebrew : רמי גרשון ; born 12 August 1988 ) is an Israeli footballer who plays as a centre back or as a left back for Maccabi Haifa and the Israel national team ." } ] }, { "value": "Hapoel Rishon Lezion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hapoel_Ironi_Rishon_LeZion_F.C.", "summary": "Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C . ( Hebrew : הפועל ראשון לציון ) is an Israeli football club based in the city of Rishon LeZion , which currently plays in Liga Leumit , Israel 's second football division . Home matches are hosted at the Haberfeld Stadium . In 1991 , the club changed its name to Hapoel Ironi Rishon LeZion ( Hebrew : הפועל עירוני ראשון לציון ) , and in June 2008 the name was switched back to Hapoel Rishon LeZion following a change in ownership ." } ] }, { "value": "Standard Liège", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Standard_Liège", "summary": "Royal Standard de Liège , commonly referred to as Standard Liège ( French : [ stɑ̃daʁ ljɛʒ ] ; Dutch : Standard Luik [ ˈstɑndɑrt ˈlœyk ] ; German : Standard Lüttich [ ˈstandaɐ̯t ˈlʏtɪç , ˈʃtan- ] ) , is a Belgian football club from the city of Liège . They are one of the most successful clubs in Belgium , having won the Belgian league on ten occasions , most recently in 2007-08 and 2008-09 . They have been in the top flight without interruption since 1921 , longer than any other Belgian side . They have also won eight Belgian Cups , and in 1981-82 they reached the final of the European Cup Winners ' Cup , which they lost 2-1 against Barcelona . Standard players are nicknamed les Rouches [ le ʁuʃ ] because of their red jerseys . The French word for red , rouge , when pronounced with a Liège accent , sounds like rouche ." } ] }, { "value": "Loan", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Sorted by date -- August 2009", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Belgian_football_transfers_summer_2009_8", "intro": "This is a list of Belgian football transfers for the 2009 summer transfer window. Only transfers involving a team from the Jupiler League are listed. The summer transfer window opened on 1 July 2009, although some transfers took place prior to that date; The first non-free non-loan move was completed on 3 January 2009. Players without a club may join one at any time, regardless if during or between transfer windows. The transfer window ended on 31 August 2009, although a few completed transfers were only announced a few days later." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921_International_Cross_Country_Championships", "title": "1921 International Cross Country Championships", "header": [ "Rank", "Athlete", "Nationality", "Time" ], "data": [ { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wally Freeman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "56:53", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bobby Mills", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bobby_Mills_(athlete)", "summary": "Albert Robert Bobby Mills ( 16 January 1894 - 6 December 1964 ) was a British long-distance runner . He competed in the marathon at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics . Mills ran his first marathon in 1920 , winning the Poly race in a new British record of 2:37:40.4 . He also won the Poly race in 1921 and 1922 , and competed for England internationally in cross-country running in 1920-1921 and 1923 ." } ] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "57:03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bevy Bingham", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ireland", "summary": "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "57:17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christopher Vose", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christopher_Vose", "summary": "Christopher Vose ( 27 January 1887 - 22 August 1970 ) was an English cross-country runner . He finished 19th in the individual cross-country race at the 1920 Summer Olympics and fourth among British runners , and therefore did not score for the silver-medal-winning British team . He also competed at the International Cross Country Championships in 1911-13 and 1920-21 and won one individual silver and five team gold medals ." } ] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "57:18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Joe Blewitt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joe_Blewitt", "summary": "Charles Edward Joe Blewitt ( 1 November 1895 - 30 May 1954 ) was a British runner , who won Midland Championships over distances ranging from 880 yd to 10 miles . He was English national and international champion in cross-country running , and competed for Great Britain at the 1920 and 1928 Olympics . In 1920 he finished fifth in the 3000 m and 5000 m , earning a silver medal in the 3000 m team event . In 1928 he failed to reach the final of the 3000 m steeplechase . He withdrew from the 1924 Olympic steeplechase race due to an injury ." } ] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "57:46", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tim Crowe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ireland", "summary": "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "57:51", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Larry Cummins", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ireland", "summary": "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "58:03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "George Wallach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Wallach", "summary": "George Curtis Locke Wallach ( 20 March 1883 - 2 April 1980 ) was a Scottish long-distance runner . He competed in the 10,000 m at the 1912 Summer Olympics , but failed to reach the final . Wallach was born in Scotland to Hermann Louis Waldemar Wallach , a German tinsmith , and Janet Wallach , a native Scot . In 1905 he moved to Lewes and in 1906 to Lancashire to work for the Manchester Evening News . While living in England he competed at Scotland Championships and won the 4 miles in 1911 and 1913 , and the 10 miles in 1913-14 , breaking the Scottish records . Wallach also won the Scottish cross-country championships in 1914 and 1922 , and in 1910-1924 represented Scotland at the International Cross Country Championships , winning two individual and six team medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Scotland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scotland", "summary": "Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland ." } ] }, { "value": "58:08", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dunky Wright", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dunky_Wright", "summary": "Dunky Wright ( Duncan MacLeod Wright ; 22 September 1896 - 21 August 1976 ) was a Scottish athlete who competed for Great Britain in the 1924 Summer Olympics , in the 1928 Summer Olympics , and in the 1932 Summer Olympics . He was born and died in Glasgow . In 1924 he did not finish the Olympic marathon race . Four years later he finished 20th in the 1928 Olympic marathon . His final Olympic appearance was in 1932 when he finished fourth in the marathon event . At the 1930 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the marathon competition and in the 1934 Empire Games he won the bronze medal in the marathon contest . He won The Morpeth , a long running race in England , a record of seven times between 1927 and 1934 ." } ] }, { "value": "Scotland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scotland", "summary": "Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland ." } ] }, { "value": "58:28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "J. Dixon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "58:32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Halland Britton", "urls": [] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "58:35", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alex Barrie", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Scotland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scotland", "summary": "Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland ." } ] }, { "value": "58:38", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sam Judd", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wales", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wales", "summary": "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ." } ] }, { "value": "58:40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fred Walker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "59:03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arthur Norcliffe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "59:40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alec Woods", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ireland", "summary": "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "1:00:00", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gwyn Morgan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wales", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wales", "summary": "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ." } ] }, { "value": "1:00:13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andy Topping", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ireland", "summary": "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "1:00:17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "W.J . Jones", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wales", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wales", "summary": "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ." } ] }, { "value": "1:00:18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alf Pepper", "urls": [] }, { "value": "England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/England", "summary": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1:00:27", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Individual Race Results -- Men 's ( 10 mi / 16.1 km )", "section_text": "", "uid": "1921_International_Cross_Country_Championships_0", "intro": "The 1921 International Cross Country Championships was held in Caerleon, Wales, at the Caerleon Racecourse on 19 March 1921. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald. Complete results, medallists, \n and the results of British athletes were published." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "title": "Lithuania at the 1996 Summer Paralympics", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Sport", "Event" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aldona Grigaliūnienė", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aldona_Grigaliūnienė", "summary": "Aldona Grigaliūnienė is a Paralympian athlete from Lithuania competing mainly in category F37-38 shot putt events . She competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Seoul , South Korea . There she won a gold medal in the women 's F34-37 long jump event . After missing the 2000 Summer Paralympics she returned to the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens , Greece . There she won a gold medal in the women 's F37-38 shot putt event . Four years later in 2008 in Beijing , People 's Republic of China she failed in defending her title winning the silver medal and losing out to Mi Na of China ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's Long jump F34-37", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Malda Baumgartė", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's Discus trhow F41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Malda Baumgartė", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's Shot put F41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kęstutis Bartkėnas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kęstutis_Bartkėnas", "summary": "Kęstutis Bartkėnas is a paralympic athlete from Lithuania competing mainly in category T11 distance running events . Kestutis has competed and won medals at three Paralympics . His first was in 1996 in Atlanta where he competed in the 1500m and won z bronze in the 10000m and a silver in the 5000m . He followed this up in 2000 with a bronze in the 5000m as well as competing in the 1500m . For the 2004 Summer Paralympics Kestutis moved up in distance winning a bronze medal in the 10000m but ultimately failed to finish in the marathon ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 5000 m T11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vytautas Girnius", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's Javelin throw F10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saulius Leonavičius", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 1500 m T11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kęstutis Bartkėnas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kęstutis_Bartkėnas", "summary": "Kęstutis Bartkėnas is a paralympic athlete from Lithuania competing mainly in category T11 distance running events . Kestutis has competed and won medals at three Paralympics . His first was in 1996 in Atlanta where he competed in the 1500m and won z bronze in the 10000m and a silver in the 5000m . He followed this up in 2000 with a bronze in the 5000m as well as competing in the 1500m . For the 2004 Summer Paralympics Kestutis moved up in distance winning a bronze medal in the 10000m but ultimately failed to finish in the marathon ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 10000 m T11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rolandas Urbonas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rolandas_Urbonas", "summary": "Rolandas Urbonas is a paralympic athlete from Lithuania competing mainly in category F12 shot and discus events . Rolandas has competed at four Paralympics and has won three medals . His first games he only competed in the F12 shot putt winning the bronze medal . During the next three Paralympics he competed in the shot and discus winning a silver in the discus in 2000 and a bronze medal in the discus in 2004 but could not win any medals in 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's Shot put F12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sigita Markevičienė", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 800 m T10-11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sigita Markevičienė", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Athletics at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of 210 events , 155 for men and 55 for women ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 1500 m T10-11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jonas Stoskus", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Judo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Judo_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics", "summary": "Judo at the 1996 Summer Paralympics consisted of seven men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 78 kg", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Medalists", "section_text": "", "uid": "Lithuania_at_the_1996_Summer_Paralympics_0", "intro": "Lithuania competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Campeonato_Paulista", "title": "2010 Campeonato Paulista", "header": [ "Player", "For", "Against", "Result", "Date" ], "data": [ { "value": "Rodriguinho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rodrigo_Batista_da_Cruz", "summary": "Rodrigo Batista da Cruz ( born 2 February 1983 in Santos , São Paulo ) , is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Linense ." } ] }, { "value": "Santo André", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/EC_Santo_André", "summary": "Esporte Clube Santo André , also known as Santo André , is a Brazilian football team from Santo André , São Paulo state . Santo André greatest rival is São Caetano , the other team in ABC region . The club 's mascot name is Ramalhão ( Big Ramalho ) after the bandeirante João Ramalho . João Ramalho founded the city of Santo André in 1553 ." } ] }, { "value": "Paulista", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paulista_FC", "summary": "Paulista Futebol Clube , or Paulista as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football team from Jundiaí , in São Paulo , founded on 17 May 1909 . They play at the fourth tier of Brazilian football professional league . Home stadium is the Jayme Cintra stadium , capacity 15,000 . They play in black , white and red stripes , white shorts and socks ." } ] }, { "value": "4-2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24 January 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ricardo Bueno", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricardo_Bueno", "summary": "Ricardo Bueno da Silva ( born 15 August 1987 ) , known as Ricardo Bueno , is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Buriram United ." } ] }, { "value": "Oeste", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oeste_Futebol_Clube", "summary": "Oeste Futebol Clube , or Oeste as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football team currently playing in the city of Barueri . Originally from Itápolis in São Paulo state , Oeste was founded on January 25 , 1921 . They play in black and red shirts , black shorts and red socks ." } ] }, { "value": "Mogi Mirim", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mogi_Mirim_Esporte_Clube", "summary": "Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube , commonly called Mogi Mirim , is a Brazilian football team from Mogi Mirim in São Paulo , founded 1 February 1932 . The team 's home ground is the Papa João Paulo II ( Pope John Paul II ) stadium , which has a capacity of 19,900 . Mogi Mirim plays in red shirts , shorts and socks ." } ] }, { "value": "3-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13 February 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fernandinho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luiz_Fernando_Pereira_da_Silva", "summary": "Luiz Fernando Pereira da Silva ( born 25 November 1985 ) , commonly known as Fernandinho , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Chongqing Lifan ." } ] }, { "value": "São Paulo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/São_Paulo_FC", "summary": "São Paulo Futebol Clube ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w ˈpawlu fuʧiˈbɔw ˈklubi ] ) , simply known as São Paulo , is a Brazilian professional football club based in the city of São Paulo . It has played in the Campeonato Paulista ( the State of São Paulo 's premier state league ) and Campeonato Brasileiro ( the top tier of the Brazilian football league system ) . As for international titles , SPFC is the most successful team from Brazil , with 12 international titles . It is also one of the most successful South American clubs in terms of overall titles , having won 21 state titles , six Brasileirão titles , three Copa Libertadores titles , one Copa Sudamericana , one Supercopa Libertadores , one Copa CONMEBOL , one Copa Masters CONMEBOL , two Recopa Sudamericanas , two Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . Founded in 1930 , São Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil 's leading football clubs . The club 's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s , under coach Telê Santana , when it won three state titles , one national championship , two Copa Libertadores , two Recopa Sudamericanas , two Intercontinental Cups , a Supercopa Sudamericana , a Copa CONMEBOL , and a Copa Masters CONMEBOL . São Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil , with over 16 million supporters . The team 's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes ( one red and one black ) , white shorts and white socks . Its home ground is the 67,052-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo , where it has played since 1960 . The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 and 2006 . São Paulo is the second richest Brazilian football club in terms of revenue , with an annual revenue of $ 111.9m ( €78.2m ) , and the nation 's second most valuable club , worth over $ 353.4m ( €246.9m ) in 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "Monte Azul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlético_Monte_Azul", "summary": "Atlético Monte Azul , also known as Monte Azul , is a Brazilian football team from Monte Azul , São Paulo ." } ] }, { "value": "5-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "28 February 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Geovane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Geovane", "summary": "Geovane ( born 5 August 1985 ) is a Brazilian football forward , who plays for São Caetano . His previous club is Daegu FC in South Korea , América Futebol Clube ( RN ) and Salgueiro Atlético Clube . During the 2010 season , he also played for Grêmio Prudente and Guarani Futebol Clube in the Brazilian Série A ." } ] }, { "value": "Mogi Mirim", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mogi_Mirim_Esporte_Clube", "summary": "Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube , commonly called Mogi Mirim , is a Brazilian football team from Mogi Mirim in São Paulo , founded 1 February 1932 . The team 's home ground is the Papa João Paulo II ( Pope John Paul II ) stadium , which has a capacity of 19,900 . Mogi Mirim plays in red shirts , shorts and socks ." } ] }, { "value": "Ituano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ituano_FC", "summary": "Ituano Futebol Clube , also known as Ituano Sociedade Civil de Futebol Ltda , or Ituano as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football club from Itu in São Paulo , founded on May 24 , 1947 . The team plays in black and red stripe shirts with white shorts and socks . In 2014 , Ituano won the São Paulo State League for the second time ." } ] }, { "value": "3-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13 March 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_de_Pinho_de_Souza", "summary": "Robert de Pinho de Souza ( born 27 February 1981 ) , simply known as Robert , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Portuguesa as a striker ." } ] }, { "value": "Palmeiras", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SE_Palmeiras", "summary": "Palmeiras ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ pawˈmejɾɐs ] ) is a Brazilian professional football club based in the city of São Paulo . Founded on 26 August 1914 , as Palestra Italia ( pronounced [ paˌlɛstɾiˈtaliɐ ] ) , but changed to the current name on 14 September 14 , 1942 . It is a popular and successful Brazilian club , with around 18 million supporters and 126,000 affiliated fans , including many Brazilians of Italian ancestry . Despite being primarily an association football team , Palmeiras competes in a number of different sports , most notably football . The football team plays in the Campeonato Paulista , the state of São Paulo 's premier state league , as well as in the Brasileirão Série A , the top tier of the Brazilian football league system . Palmeiras have won 14 national competitions , making it the most successful club inside Brazil . The club 's most important titles are the 1951 Copa Rio international tournament , 1999 Copa Libertadores , 10 Brazilian National League titles ( Campeonato Brasileiro Série A ) , 2 Brasileirão Série B , 3 Brazil Cups ( Copa do Brasil ) , 1 Champions Cup ( Copa dos Campeões ) and the 1998 Copa Mercosul , as well as 5 Interstate titles ( Torneio Rio - São Paulo ) , and 22 State Championship titles ( Campeonato Paulista ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Santos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santos_Futebol_Clube", "summary": "Santos Futebol Clube ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈsɐ̃tus futʃiˈbɔw ˈklubi ] ) , commonly known simply as Santos , is a Brazilian sports club based in Vila Belmiro , a bairro in the city of Santos . It plays in the Paulistão , the State of São Paulo 's premier state league , as well as the Brasileirão , the top tier of the Brazilian football league system . The club was founded in 1912 by the initiative of three sports enthusiasts from Santos by Raimundo Marques , Mário Ferraz de Campos , and Argemiro de Souza Júnior as a response to the lack of representation the city had in football . Since then , Santos became one of Brazil 's most successful clubs , becoming a symbol of Jogo Bonito ( English : the Beautiful Game ) in football culture , hence the motto Técnica e Disciplina ( Technique and discipline ) . The most recognized Santista anthem is the Leão do Mar written by Mangeri Neto . This was largely thanks to the Peixe 's golden generation of the 1960s which contained players such as Gilmar , Mauro Ramos , Mengálvio , Coutinho , Pepe and Pelé , named the Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee , and widely regarded as the best and most accomplished footballer in the game 's history . Os Santásticos , considered by some the best club team of all times , won a total of 24 titles during that decade including five consecutive Brasileirões , a feat that remains unequaled today . Os Santásticos won four competitions in 1962 , thus completing a quadruple , comprising the Paulistão , the Brasileirão , the Copa Libertadores and the European/South American Cup . Santos is one of the most successful clubs in the Brasileirão , becoming national champions on eight occasions . It has also won 21 Paulistãos , three Copa Libertadores , two Intercontinental Cups , one Supercopa de Campeones Intercontinentales , one Copa CONMEBOL ( the precursor of current Copa Sudamericana ) , one Copa do Brasil and one Recopa Sudamericana . On January 20 , 1998 , Santos became the first team , in any category in the world , to reach the milestone of 10,000 goals in the entire history of football and was voted by FIFA as one of the most successful clubs of the 20th century . The Peixe play their home games at the Vila Belmiro , which currently holds up to 20,120 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "4-3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14 March 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "André", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/André_Felipe_Ribeiro_de_Souza", "summary": "André Felipe Ribeiro de Souza ( born 27 September 1990 ) , simply known as André Balada , is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a striker for Grêmio ." } ] }, { "value": "Santos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santos_FC", "summary": "Santos Futebol Clube ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈsɐ̃tus futʃiˈbɔw ˈklubi ] ) , commonly known simply as Santos , is a Brazilian sports club based in Vila Belmiro , a bairro in the city of Santos . It plays in the Paulistão , the State of São Paulo 's premier state league , as well as the Brasileirão , the top tier of the Brazilian football league system . The club was founded in 1912 by the initiative of three sports enthusiasts from Santos by Raimundo Marques , Mário Ferraz de Campos , and Argemiro de Souza Júnior as a response to the lack of representation the city had in football . Since then , Santos became one of Brazil 's most successful clubs , becoming a symbol of Jogo Bonito ( English : the Beautiful Game ) in football culture , hence the motto Técnica e Disciplina ( Technique and discipline ) . The most recognized Santista anthem is the Leão do Mar written by Mangeri Neto . This was largely thanks to the Peixe 's golden generation of the 1960s which contained players such as Gilmar , Mauro Ramos , Mengálvio , Coutinho , Pepe and Pelé , named the Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee , and widely regarded as the best and most accomplished footballer in the game 's history . Os Santásticos , considered by some the best club team of all times , won a total of 24 titles during that decade including five consecutive Brasileirões , a feat that remains unequaled today . Os Santásticos won four competitions in 1962 , thus completing a quadruple , comprising the Paulistão , the Brasileirão , the Copa Libertadores and the European/South American Cup . Santos is one of the most successful clubs in the Brasileirão , becoming national champions on eight occasions . It has also won 21 Paulistãos , three Copa Libertadores , two Intercontinental Cups , one Supercopa de Campeones Intercontinentales , one Copa CONMEBOL ( the precursor of current Copa Sudamericana ) , one Copa do Brasil and one Recopa Sudamericana . On January 20 , 1998 , Santos became the first team , in any category in the world , to reach the milestone of 10,000 goals in the entire history of football and was voted by FIFA as one of the most successful clubs of the 20th century . The Peixe play their home games at the Vila Belmiro , which currently holds up to 20,120 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "Ituano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ituano_FC", "summary": "Ituano Futebol Clube , also known as Ituano Sociedade Civil de Futebol Ltda , or Ituano as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football club from Itu in São Paulo , founded on May 24 , 1947 . The team plays in black and red stripe shirts with white shorts and socks . In 2014 , Ituano won the São Paulo State League for the second time ." } ] }, { "value": "9-1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21 March 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Araújo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adolpho_Araújo_Netto", "summary": "Adolpho Araújo Netto , the Araújo born in the São Paulo , is a forward who last played for Taboão da Serra ." } ] }, { "value": "Grêmio Prudente", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grêmio_Prudente", "summary": "Grêmio Barueri Futebol Ltda. , generally known as Grêmio Barueri , or just as Barueri , was a Brazilian football club from Barueri , São Paulo state . The club was formerly known as Grêmio Recreativo Barueri and Grêmio Prudente Futebol Ltda . The club was founded in 1989 , in the city of Barueri , on the north-western outskirts of metropolitan São Paulo . The club and the city of Barueri failed to reach an agreement about training facilities and the concession of the Arena , causing the club to move to Presidente Prudente in the countryside , about 600 km from the state capital . The move was formalized by the end of February 2010 , and it was announced that a change of insignia and kit would follow within the next weeks . The club moved back to Barueri in 2011 . The club 's home stadium was the Arena Barueri , which has a maximum capacity of about 31,452 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "Mogi Mirm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mogi_Mirim_Esporte_Clube", "summary": "Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube , commonly called Mogi Mirim , is a Brazilian football team from Mogi Mirim in São Paulo , founded 1 February 1932 . The team 's home ground is the Papa João Paulo II ( Pope John Paul II ) stadium , which has a capacity of 19,900 . Mogi Mirim plays in red shirts , shorts and socks ." } ] }, { "value": "3-0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25 March 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Borebi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Monte Azul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlético_Monte_Azul", "summary": "Atlético Monte Azul , also known as Monte Azul , is a Brazilian football team from Monte Azul , São Paulo ." } ] }, { "value": "Mogi Mirim", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mogi_Mirim_Esporte_Clube", "summary": "Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube , commonly called Mogi Mirim , is a Brazilian football team from Mogi Mirim in São Paulo , founded 1 February 1932 . The team 's home ground is the Papa João Paulo II ( Pope John Paul II ) stadium , which has a capacity of 19,900 . Mogi Mirim plays in red shirts , shorts and socks ." } ] }, { "value": "5-3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4 April 2010", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Statistics -- Hat-tricks", "section_text": "", "uid": "2010_Campeonato_Paulista_1", "intro": "The 2010 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Profissional da Primeira Divisão - Série A1 was the 109th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Santos were crowned champions after a 5-5 tie on aggregate score against Santo André in the finals, which were held at Pacaembu. As they had ended with best campaign in the first stage, they took the trophy." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_NCAA_Division_I_Women's_Basketball_Tournament", "title": "2004 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament", "header": [ "Region", "Rnd", "Host", "Venue", "City", "State" ], "data": [ { "value": "East", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Notre Dame", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame", "summary": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac ( or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM , or ND ) is a private Catholic research university in Notre Dame , Indiana , outside the city of South Bend . It was founded in 1842 by Rev . Edward Sorin . The main campus covers 1,261 acres ( 510 ha ) in a suburban setting ; it contains a number of recognizable landmarks , such as the Golden Dome , the Word of Life mural ( commonly known as Touchdown Jesus ) , Notre Dame Stadium , and the Basilica . Notre Dame has consistently been recognized as one of the top universities in the United States , in particular for its undergraduate education . Undergraduate students are organized into six colleges . The School of Architecture is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the annual Driehaus Architecture Prize . The university offers over 50 yearlong study programs abroad and over 15 summer programs . Notre Dame 's graduate program has more than 50 master , doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the six schools , including the Notre Dame Law School and an MD-PhD program offered in combination with the Indiana University School of Medicine . It maintains a system of libraries , cultural venues , artistic and scientific museums , including the Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art . The majority of the university 's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 31 residence halls , each with its own traditions , legacies , events , and intramural sports teams . The university 's approximately 134,000 alumni are considered one of the strongest college alumni networks in the U.S ." } ] }, { "value": "Edmund P. Joyce Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edmund_P._Joyce_Center", "summary": "The Edmund P. Joyce Athletic & Convocation Center , often called the Joyce Center , formerly the Athletic & Convocation Center , is a 9,149-seat multi-purpose arena in Notre Dame , Indiana just north of South Bend . The arena opened in 1968 . It is home to the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish basketball and volleyball teams . The main arena , Phillip J. Purcell Pavilion , is located in the southern portion of the facility . The northern portion housed a hockey rink until October 2011 . It also houses the Castellan Family Fencing Center and Rolfs Aquatic Center ( which was added on in 1985 ) in the rear of the building ." } ] }, { "value": "Notre Dame", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Notre_Dame,_Indiana", "summary": "Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of the city of South Bend in St. Joseph County , in the U.S. state of Indiana . It includes the campuses of three colleges : the University of Notre Dame , Saint Mary 's College , and Holy Cross College . Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships . As of the 2010 census , its population was 5,973 ." } ] }, { "value": "Indiana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Indiana", "summary": "Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America . Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis . Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11 , 1816 . Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest , Michigan to the north , Ohio to the east , Kentucky to the south and southeast , and Illinois to the west . Before becoming a territory , various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years . Since its founding as a territory , settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States ; the state 's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York , Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio , and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states , particularly Kentucky and Tennessee . Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $ 359.12 billion in 2017 . Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns . Indiana is home to professional sports teams , including the NFL 's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA 's Indiana Pacers , and hosts several notable athletic events , including the Indianapolis 500 ." } ] }, { "value": "East", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of California , Santa Barbara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara", "summary": "The University of California , Santa Barbara ( UC Santa Barbara or UCSB ) is a public research university in Santa Barbara , California . It is one of the 10 campuses of the University of California system . Tracing its roots back to 1891 as an independent teachers ' college , UCSB joined the University of California system in 1944 and is the third-oldest general-education campus in the system . The university is a comprehensive doctoral university and is organized into five colleges and schools offering 87 undergraduate degrees and 55 graduate degrees . In his 2001 book The Public Ivies : America 's Flagship Public Universities , author Howard Greene labeled UCSB a Public Ivy . UC Santa Barbara is a research university with 10 national research centers , including the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Center for Control , Dynamical-Systems and Computation . Current UCSB faculty includes six Nobel Prize laureates , one Fields Medalist , 39 members of the National Academy of Sciences , 27 members of the National Academy of Engineering , and 34 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . UCSB was the No . 3 host on the ARPAnet and was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1995 . The faculty also includes two Academy and Emmy Award winners , and recipients of a Millennium Technology Prize , an IEEE Medal of Honor , a National Medal of Technology and Innovation and a Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics . The UC Santa Barbara Gauchos compete in the Big West Conference of the NCAA Division I . [ a ] The Gauchos have won NCAA national championships in men 's soccer and men 's water polo ." } ] }, { "value": "UC Santa Barbara Events Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UC_Santa_Barbara_Events_Center", "summary": "UC Santa Barbara Events Center , previously known as the Campus Events Center , also known as The Thunderdome , is a 5,600-seat , indoor multi-purpose arena on the campus of the University of California , Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara , California ." } ] }, { "value": "Santa Barbara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California", "summary": "Santa Barbara ( Spanish : Santa Bárbara ; Spanish for Saint Barbara ) is a coastal city in , and the county seat of , Santa Barbara County in the U.S. state of California . Situated on a south-facing section of coastline , the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States , the city lies between the steeply rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean . Santa Barbara 's climate is often described as Mediterranean , and the city has been promoted as the American Riviera . As of 2018 , [ update ] the city had an estimated population of 91,350 , up from 88,410 in 2010 , making it the second most populous city in the county after Santa Maria . The contiguous urban area , which includes the cities of Goleta and Carpinteria , along with the unincorporated regions of Isla Vista , Montecito , Mission Canyon , Hope Ranch , Summerland , and others , has an approximate population of 220,000 . The population of the entire county in 2010 was 423,895 . In addition to being a popular tourist and resort destination , the city economy includes a large service sector , education , technology , health care , finance , agriculture , manufacturing , and local government . In 2004 , the service sector accounted for fully 35% of local employment . Education in particular is well-represented , with four institutions of higher learning on the south coast ( the University of California , Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara City College , Westmont College , and Antioch University ) . The Santa Barbara Airport serves the city , Santa Barbara Aviation provides jet charter aircraft , and train service is provided by Amtrak , which operates the Pacific Surfliner ( which runs from San Diego to San Luis Obispo ) . U.S. Highway 101 connects the Santa Barbara area with Los Angeles roughly 100 miles ( 160 km ) to the southeast and San Francisco around 325 miles ( 525 km ) to the northwest . Behind the city , in and beyond the Santa Ynez Mountains , is the Los Padres National Forest , which contains several remote wilderness areas ." } ] }, { "value": "California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/California", "summary": "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ." } ] }, { "value": "East", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Virginia Tech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Virginia_Tech", "summary": "Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , commonly known as Virginia Tech and by the initials VT and VPI , is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Blacksburg , Virginia . It also has educational facilities in six regions statewide and a study-abroad site in Riva San Vitale , Switzerland . Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program , Virginia Tech is also designated as one of six senior military colleges in the United States . Virginia Tech offers 280 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to some 34,400 students and manages a research portfolio of $ 522 million , placing it 46th among universities in the U.S. for research expenditures and the only Virginia school listed among the top 50 . Virginia Tech is the state 's second-largest public university by enrollment . The deadliest mass shooting on an American college campus occurred on campus in 2007 , during which a student fatally shot 32 other students and faculty members and wounded 23 other people ." } ] }, { "value": "Cassell Coliseum", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cassell_Coliseum", "summary": "Cassell Coliseum is a 10,052-seat multi-purpose arena in Blacksburg , Virginia , United States that opened in 1962 . It is home to the Virginia Tech Hokies men 's and women 's basketball teams ." } ] }, { "value": "Blacksburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Blacksburg,_Virginia", "summary": "Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County , Virginia , United States , with a population of 42,620 at the 2010 census . Blacksburg , as well as the surrounding county , is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech ( Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University ) . Blacksburg , Christiansburg , and Radford are the three principal jurisdictions of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses those jurisdictions and all of Montgomery , Pulaski , and Giles counties for statistical purposes . The MSA has an estimated population of 159,587 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia . In 2011 , BusinessWeek named Blacksburg as the Best Place in the U.S. to Raise Kids . Also in 2011 , readers of Southern Living named Blacksburg the Best College Town in the South . Its public transportation system , Blacksburg Transit , which also connects to the neighboring town of Christiansburg , has repeatedly been recognized for the quality of its service . Blacksburg High School , which in 2013 opened a new building , is often ranked among the top schools of the nation for its academics . Its soccer , track , and cross-country teams are also among the top in the state . Blacksburg was the scene of the Virginia Tech shootings on April 16 , 2007 , when 32 people were killed and 17 wounded by a lone gunman . At the time , it was the deadliest shooting carried out by a single gunman in U.S. history , and generated considerable media coverage and discussion ." } ] }, { "value": "Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Virginia", "summary": "Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World ." } ] }, { "value": "East", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fairfield University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fairfield_University", "summary": "Fairfield University is a private Jesuit university in Fairfield , Connecticut . It was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1942 , and today is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities . As of 2017 [ update ] , the university had about 4,100 full-time undergraduate students and 1,100 graduate students , including full-time and part-time . The school offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and doctoral degrees through its five schools and colleges : the Fairfield University College of Arts and Sciences , the Charles F. Dolan School of Business , the School of Engineering , the Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing and Health Studies , and the Graduate School of Education and Allied Professions ." } ] }, { "value": "Bridgeport Arena at Harbor Yard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bridgeport_Arena_at_Harbor_Yard", "summary": "The Webster Bank Arena ( formerly The Arena at Harbor Yard ) is a 10,000-seat multi-purpose arena at 600 Main Street in Bridgeport , Connecticut , built alongside The Ballpark at Harbor Yard . The Arena opened on October 10 , 2001 and is managed by Oak View Group . Webster Bank entered into a 10-year $ 3.5 million agreement with the City of Bridgeport for naming rights of the Arena on January 6 , 2011 . The Arena houses 33 executive suites , 1,300 club seats , 3 hospitality suites and a Sony Jumbotron serving as a scoreboard . The Arena offers luxury boxes to corporate sponsors . The Arena is home to the Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League . Since 2008 , the Fairfield University Men 's & Women 's basketball teams play select games at the arena . Starting in 2013 , the Arena hosted regular season Connecticut Huskies Men 's and Women 's Basketball games . The UConn Men 's Hockey team , a new member of Hockey East , were also scheduled to play five regular season games in Bridgeport during the 2014-15 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Bridgeport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bridgeport", "summary": "Bridgeport is a historic seaport city in the U.S. state of Connecticut . It is in Fairfield County , at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound , 60 miles ( 97 km ) from Manhattan and 40 miles ( 64 km ) from The Bronx . It is bordered by the towns of Trumbull to the north , Fairfield to the west , and Stratford to the east . As of 2017 , Bridgeport had an estimated population of 146,579 , which made it the largest city in Connecticut and the fifth-most populous in New England . The Greater Bridgeport area is the 48th-largest urban area in the United States . The showman P. T. Barnum was a resident of the city and served as the town 's mayor in the late 19th century . Barnum built four houses in Bridgeport and housed his circus in town during winter . The first Subway restaurant opened in Bridgeport 's North End in 1965 . The Frisbie Pie Company was in Bridgeport , and Bridgeport is credited as the birthplace of the Frisbee . After World War II , industrial restructuring and suburbanization caused the loss of many jobs and affluent residents , leaving Bridgeport struggling with poverty and crime ." } ] }, { "value": "Connecticut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Connecticut", "summary": "Connecticut ( /kəˈnɛtɪkət/ ( listen ) ) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . As of the 2010 Census , it has the highest per-capita income , Human Development Index ( 0.962 ) , and median household income in the United States . It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east , Massachusetts to the north , New York to the west , and Long Island Sound to the south . Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport . It is part of New England , although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the tri-state area . The state is named for the Connecticut River which approximately bisects the state . The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river . Connecticut 's first European settlers were Dutchmen who established a small , short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers . Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland , which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers , although the first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English . Thomas Hooker led a band of followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony ; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony . The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders , considered the first constitutions in America . In 1662 , the three colonies were merged under a royal charter , making Connecticut a crown colony ." } ] }, { "value": "Mideast", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Montana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Montana", "summary": "The University of Montana ( UM ) is a public research university in Missoula , Montana . UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus . UM reported 10,962 undergraduate and graduate students in the fall of 2018 . The University of Montana ranks 17th in the nation and fifth among public universities in producing Rhodes Scholars . The University of Montana has 11 Truman Scholars , 14 Goldwater Scholars and 40 Udall Scholars to its name ." } ] }, { "value": "Dahlberg Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dahlberg_Arena", "summary": "Dahlberg Arena is a 7,321-seat multi-purpose arena in the western United States , located on the campus of the University of Montana in Missoula . The arena opened 67 years ago in 1953 and is home to the Montana Grizzlies and Lady Griz basketball teams . It has hosted the Big Sky Conference men 's basketball tournament five times : 1978 , 1991 , 1992 , 2000 , and 2012 . Opened in late 1953 , the field house was named for newly-retired track coach Harry Adams in June 1966 . In the 1980s , Adams Field House seated over 9,000 and was known as the toughest arena for visiting teams in the Big Sky , and also enjoyed a national reputation . Its laminated wood arches were constructed in Portland , Oregon . The elevation of the floor is approximately 3,200 feet ( 980 m ) above sea level . Alumnus George P. ( Jiggs ) Dahlberg ( 1900-1993 ) was head coach of the Grizzlies from 1937 to 1955 and retired as athletic director in 1961 . He was one of four brothers known as The Four Norseman of Butte who competed in athletics for the Griz . The arena can be configured to seat 5,500 people for a traditionally staged concert or can use all of the seats for a concert with a central stage . It has hosted many concerts , including Pearl Jam , Grateful Dead , Gym Class Heroes , Rascal Flatts , and Macklemore ." } ] }, { "value": "Missoula", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Missoula", "summary": "Missoula /mɪˈzuːlə/ ( listen ) is a city in the U.S. state of Montana and is the county seat of Missoula County . It is located along the Clark Fork River near its confluences with the Bitterroot and Blackfoot Rivers in western Montana and at the convergence of five mountain ranges , thus it is often described as the hub of five valleys . In 2018 [ update ] , the United States Census Bureau estimated the city 's population at 74,428 and the population of the Missoula Metropolitan Area at 118,791 . After Billings , Missoula is both the second largest city and metropolitan area in Montana . Missoula is home to the University of Montana , a public research university . William T. Hamilton first settled in the Missoula area in 1858 with a trading post near current Missoula along the Rattlesnake Creek along with Captain Richard Grant settling near Grant Creek , and David Pattee near Pattee Canyon . Missoula was founded in 1860 as Hellgate Trading Post while still part of Washington Territory . By 1866 , the settlement had moved east , 5 miles ( 8 km ) upstream , and renamed Missoula Mills , later shortened to Missoula . The mills provided supplies to western settlers traveling along the Mullan Road . The establishment of Fort Missoula in 1877 to protect settlers further stabilized the economy . The arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1883 brought rapid growth and the maturation of the local lumber industry . In 1893 , the Montana Legislature chose the city as the site for the state 's first university ." } ] }, { "value": "Montana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montana", "summary": "Montana ( /mɒnˈtænə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Northwestern United States . Montana has several nicknames , although none are official , including Big Sky Country and The Treasure State , and slogans that include Land of the Shining Mountains and more recently The Last Best Place . Montana is the fourth-largest in area , the 8th least populous , and the third-least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges . Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state . In all , 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains . The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands . Montana is bordered by Idaho to the west , Wyoming to the south , North Dakota and South Dakota to the east , and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia , Alberta , and Saskatchewan to the north . The economy is primarily based on agriculture , including ranching and cereal grain farming . Other significant economic resources include oil , gas , coal , hard rock mining , and lumber . The health care , service , and government sectors also are significant to the state 's economy . The state 's fastest-growing sector is tourism ." } ] }, { "value": "Mideast", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ohio State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ohio_State_University", "summary": "The Ohio State University ( OSU , commonly referred to as Ohio State ) is a public research university in Columbus , Ohio . Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862 , the university was originally known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College . The college originally focused on various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but it developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then-Governor ( later , U.S. president ) Rutherford B. Hayes , and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to The Ohio State University . The main campus in Columbus , Ohio , has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States . The university also operates regional campuses in Lima , Mansfield , Marion , Newark , and Wooster . The university has an extensive student life program , with over 1,000 student organizations ; intercollegiate , club and recreational sports programs ; student media organizations and publications , fraternities and sororities ; and three student governments . Ohio State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ohio State Buckeyes . As of the 2016 Summer Olympics , athletes from Ohio State have won 104 Olympic medals ( 46 gold , 35 silver , and 23 bronze ) . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of sports ." } ] }, { "value": "St. John Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._John_Arena", "summary": "St. John Arena is a multi-purpose arena on the campus of The Ohio State University in Columbus , Ohio , United States . The arena was named for Lynn St. John , who served as Ohio State 's men 's basketball coach and athletic director until 1947 . Located on north campus between Woody Hayes Drive and Lane Avenue , the 13,276-seat arena was built in 1956 . When it housed the Ohio State Buckeyes men 's basketball team from its completion until 1998 , it saw the Buckeyes win the 1960 National Championship and five straight Big Ten titles from 1960 to 1964 under coach Fred Taylor . The men 's and women 's basketball teams moved to their current home , Value City Arena at the Jerome Schottenstein Center , in 1998 . The arena housed the school 's men 's and women 's volleyball teams , men 's and women 's gymnastics teams , and wrestling squad until 2018 . It also hosted the annual Buckeye Classic women 's basketball tournament . Concerts by popular musical artists were held at the arena from 1971 to 1980 . In 2004 , St. John Arena hosted its first men 's basketball game in six years because of a scheduling conflict at the Schottenstein Center . St. John Arena was again used for men 's basketball on March 24 , 2008 , when the Buckeyes hosted an NIT game against the California Golden Bears . The Buckeyes eventually took the 2008 NIT title . The most popular event still held at the arena is the Skull Session , the pep rally before football games ." } ] }, { "value": "Columbus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio", "summary": "Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio . With a population of 892,533 as of 2018 estimates , it is the 14th-most populous city in the United States and one of the fastest growing large cities in the nation . This makes Columbus the second-most populous city in the Midwest ( after Chicago , Illinois ) . It is the core city of the Columbus , OH Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses ten counties . With a population of 2,078,725 , it is Ohio 's second-largest metropolitan area . Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County . The municipality has also annexed portions of adjoining Delaware and Fairfield counties . Named for explorer Christopher Columbus , the city was founded in 1812 , at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers , and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816 . The city has a diverse economy based on education , government , insurance , banking , defense , aviation , food , clothes , logistics , steel , energy , medical research , health care , hospitality , retail , and technology . The metropolitan area is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute , the world 's largest private research and development foundation ; Chemical Abstracts Service , the world 's largest clearinghouse of chemical information ; NetJets , the world 's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet ; and Ohio State University , one of the largest universities in the United States . As of 2018 , the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U.S. Fortune 500 : American Electric Power , Cardinal Health , L Brands , Nationwide , and Big Lots , just out of the top 500 . In 2016 , Money Magazine ranked Columbus as one of The 6 Best Big Cities , calling it the best in the Midwest , citing a highly educated workforce and excellent wage growth ." } ] }, { "value": "Ohio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ohio", "summary": "Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ ( listen ) is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States . Of the fifty states , it is the 34th largest by area , the seventh most populous , and the tenth most densely populated . The state 's capital and largest city is Columbus . Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north , Pennsylvania to the east , West Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , Indiana to the west , and Michigan to the northwest . The state takes its name from the Ohio River , whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohiːyo ' , meaning good river , great river or large creek . Partitioned from the Northwest Territory , Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 , and the first under the Northwest Ordinance . Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees , and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes . Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier , to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union , to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transitioning to a more information and service based economy in the 21st . The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch , led by the governor ; the legislative branch , which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly ; and the judicial branch , led by the state Supreme Court . Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives . Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections . Seven presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state ." } ] }, { "value": "Mideast", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duke University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_University", "summary": "Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture ." } ] }, { "value": "Cameron Indoor Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cameron_Indoor_Stadium", "summary": "Cameron Indoor Stadium is an indoor arena located on the campus of Duke University in Durham , North Carolina . The 9,291-seat facility is the primary indoor athletic venue for the Duke Blue Devils and serves as the home court for Duke men 's and women 's basketball and women 's volleyball . It opened in January 1940 and was known as Duke Indoor Stadium until 1972 , when it was named for Eddie Cameron , who served at Duke as men 's basketball coach from 1928 to 1942 , football coach from 1942 to 1945 , and athletic director from 1951 to 1972 . The arena is located adjacent to its predecessor , Card Gymnasium , which opened in 1930 ." } ] }, { "value": "Durham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina", "summary": "Durham ( /ˈdʌrəm/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city 's population to be 274,291 as of July 1 , 2018 , making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina , and the 79th-most populous city in the United States . The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River . Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area , which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area , commonly known as the Research Triangle , which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates . A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849 , the namesake of the city . Following the American Civil War , the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly , in part due to the tobacco industry . The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly , on April 1869 . The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later , in 1881 . It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company . Textile and electric power industries also played an important role ." } ] }, { "value": "North Carolina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/North_Carolina", "summary": "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ." } ] }, { "value": "Mideast", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Minnesota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Minnesota", "summary": "The University of Minnesota , Twin Cities , ( the U of M , UMN , Minnesota , or simply the U ) is a public research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul , Minnesota . The Twin Cities campus comprises locations in Minneapolis and St. Paul approximately 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) apart , and the St. Paul location is in neighboring Falcon Heights . The Twin Cities campus is the oldest and largest in the University of Minnesota system and has the sixth-largest main campus student body in the United States , with 51,327 students in 2019-20 . It is the flagship institution of the University of Minnesota System , and is organized into 19 colleges , schools , and other major academic units . The University of Minnesota is included in a 1985 book describing America 's Public Ivy universities . The Minnesota Territorial Legislature drafted a charter for a territorial university in 1851 , the university took significant time to fully organize and the first college classes were n't held until 1867 . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . Minnesota is a member of the Association of American Universities and is ranked 14th in research activity , with $ 881 million in research and development expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . University of Minnesota faculty , alumni , and researchers have won 26 Nobel Prizes and three Pulitzer Prizes . Notable University of Minnesota alumni include two vice presidents of the United States , Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale , and Bob Dylan , who received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature ." } ] }, { "value": "Williams Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_Arena", "summary": "Williams Arena , located on the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota , is the home of the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's and women 's basketball teams . It also housed the men 's hockey team until 1993 , when it moved into its own building , Mariucci Arena . The building is known as The Barn , and its student section is known as The Barnyard . Williams Arena is located on the southwest corner of the intersection of University Avenue and 19th Ave . SE in Minneapolis on the U of M 's East Bank campus . It is in a neighborhood called Stadium Village , named for the old Memorial Stadium that stood there until its demolition in 1992 . The arena is adjacent to TCF Bank Stadium , Mariucci Arena , and Ridder Arena , where the football and hockey teams respectively play ." } ] }, { "value": "Minneapolis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minneapolis", "summary": "Minneapolis ( /ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs/ ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Hennepin County and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2018 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States , with an estimated population of 425,403 . The Twin Cities metropolitan area consists of Minneapolis , its neighbor Saint Paul and suburbs which altogether contain about 3.63 million people , and is the third-largest economic and population center in the Midwest . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with 13 lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls ; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle . Minneapolis is home to five Fortune 500 companies , and the Twin Cities are the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States . Minneapolis has one of the highest percentages of LGBT populations in the U.S . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . Minneapolis has also become noted for its underground and independent hip-hop and rap scenes , producing artists such as Lizzo , Brother Ali , Atmosphere , and Dessa ." } ] }, { "value": "Minnesota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minnesota", "summary": "Minnesota ( /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Upper Midwest , Great Lakes , and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has many lakes , and is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the Twin Cities ) . This area has the largest concentration of transportation , business , industry , education , and government in the state . Urban centers in Greater Minnesota include Duluth , Mankato , Moorhead , Rochester and St . Cloud . The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed , and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Thousands of years before Europeans arrived , Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples , some of whom remain in the state today . French explorers , missionaries , and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century , encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes . Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana , which was purchased by the United States in 1803 ." } ] }, { "value": "Midwest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of New Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico", "summary": "The University of New Mexico ( UNM ; Spanish : Universidad de Nuevo México ) is a public research university in Albuquerque , New Mexico . Founded in 1889 , UNM offers bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degree programs . The Albuquerque campus encompasses over 600 acres ( 2.4 km² ) , and there are branch campuses in Gallup , Los Alamos , Rio Rancho , Taos , and Los Lunas.Coordinates : 35°05′02″N 106°37′07″W / 35.08389°N 106.61861°W / 35.08389 ; -106.61861 UNM is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . UNM 's NCAA Division I program ( FBS for football ) offers 16 varsity sports . The teams are known as the Lobos , who compete in the Mountain West Conference . Two human mascots , referred to as Louie Lobo and Lucy Lobo , rouse crowds at New Mexico athletic events . The official school colors are cherry and silver . The Lobos have won national championships in skiing and cross country running ." } ] }, { "value": "The Pit ( arena )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Pit_(arena)", "summary": "The Pit , formally named Dreamstyle Arena , is an indoor arena in Albuquerque , New Mexico , serving primarily as the home venue of the University of New Mexico Lobo basketball teams . The facility opened in 1966 as University Arena but gained the nickname The Pit due to its innovative subterranean design , with its playing floor 37 feet ( 11 m ) below street level . The arena is located on the UNM South Campus and has a seating capacity of 15,411 for basketball and up to 13,480 for concerts , with 40 luxury suites and 365 club seats . The Pit is widely recognized as one of the top college basketball venues in the U.S. , and as one of the loudest . The New Mexico Lobos have enjoyed tremendous success at The Pit , winning over 80% of their games there , and attendance has consistently been among the best in college basketball . Renovations completed in 2010 added more space and state-of-the-art amenities for fans , coaches and players . The Pit has frequently hosted NCAA basketball tournament games , including the 1983 Final Four , which featured one of the most famous games in college basketball history where North Carolina State upset Houston ." } ] }, { "value": "Albuquerque", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Albuquerque", "summary": "Albuquerque ( /ˈælbəkɜːrki/ ( listen ) AL-bə-kur-kee ; Navajo : Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil [ pèːʔèltíːl tɑ̀xsɪ̀nɪ̀l ] ; Eastern Keres : Arawageeki ; Jemez : Vakêêke ; Zuni : Alo : ke : k'ya ; Jicarilla Apache : Gołgéeki'yé ) , abbreviated as ABQ , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico , and the 32nd-most populous city in the United States . The city 's nicknames are The Duke City and Burque , both of which reference its 1706 founding by Nuevo México governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés as La Villa de Alburquerque , named in honor of then Viceroy the 10th Duke of Alburquerque , the Villa was an outpost on El Camino Real for the Tiquex and Hispano towns in the area ( such as Barelas , Corrales , Isleta Pueblo , Los Ranchos , and Sandia Pueblo ) . Since the city 's founding it has continued to be included on travel and trade routes including Santa Fe Railway ( ATSF ) , Route 66 , Interstate 25 , Interstate 40 , and the Albuquerque International Sunport . The population census-estimated population of the city as 560,218 in 2018 , it is the principal city of the Albuquerque metropolitan area , which has 915,927 residents as of July 2018 . The metropolitan population includes Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Zia Pueblo , Los Lunas , Belen , South Valley , Bosque Farms , Jemez Pueblo , Cuba , and part of Laguna Pueblo . This metro is included in the larger Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a population of 1,171,991 as of 2016 . The CSA constitutes the southernmost point of the Southern Rocky Mountain Front megalopolis , including other major Rocky Mountain region cities such as Cheyenne , Wyoming , and Denver , Colorado , with a population of 5,467,633 according to the 2010 United States Census . Albuquerque serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County , and is in north-central New Mexico . The Sandia Mountains run along the eastern side of Albuquerque , and the Rio Grande flows north to south through its center , while the West Mesa and Petroglyph National Monument make up the western part of the city . Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.S. , ranging from 4,900 feet ( 1,490 m ) above sea level near the Rio Grande to over 6,700 feet ( 1,950 m ) in the foothill areas of Sandia Heights and Glenwood Hills . The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space ; there , the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6880+ feet ( 2,097 m ) . The economy of Albuquerque centers on science , medicine , technology , commerce , education , entertainment , and culture outlets ." } ] }, { "value": "New Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Mexico", "summary": "New Mexico ( Spanish : Nuevo México Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈnweβo ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) , Navajo : Yootó Hahoodzo pronounced [ jòːtxó xɑ̀xʷòːtsò ] ) is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States of America ; its capital and cultural center is Santa Fe , which was founded in 1610 as capital of Nuevo México ( itself established as a province of New Spain in 1598 ) , while its largest city is Albuquerque with its accompanying metropolitan area . It is one of the Mountain States and shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and Arizona . New Mexico is also bordered by the state of Texas to the east-southeast , Oklahoma to the northeast , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua to the south and Sonora to the southwest . With an estimated population of 2,096,829 as of the July 1 , 2019 U.S. Census Bureau estimate , New Mexico is the 36th largest state by population . With a total area of 121,592 sq mi ( 314,920 km2 ) , it is the fifth-largest and sixth-least densely populated of the 50 states . Due to their geographic locations , northern and eastern New Mexico exhibit a colder , alpine climate , while western and southern New Mexico exhibit a warmer , arid climate . The economy of New Mexico is dependent on oil drilling , mineral extraction , dryland farming , cattle ranching , lumber milling , and retail trade . As of 2018 , its total gross domestic product ( GDP ) was $ 101 billion with a GDP per capita of $ 45,465 . New Mexico 's status as a tax haven yields low to moderate personal income taxes on residents and military personnel , and gives tax credits and exemptions to favorable industries . Because of this , its film industry has grown and contributed $ 1.23 billion to its overall economy . Due to its large area and economic climate , New Mexico has a large U.S. military presence marked notably with the White Sands Missile Range . Various U.S. national security agencies base their research and testing arms in New Mexico such as the Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories ." } ] }, { "value": "Midwest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arizona State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_University", "summary": "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ." } ] }, { "value": "Wells Fargo Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Tempe)", "summary": "Desert Financial Arena ( formerly ASU Activity Center and Wells Fargo Arena ) is a 14,000-seat multi-purpose arena located at 600 E Veterans Way in Tempe , Arizona , a suburb of Phoenix . Constructed in the spring of 1974 as the ASU Activity Center and at the cost of $ 8 million , it is the home of multiple Arizona State University athletic teams , to include men 's basketball , women 's basketball , women 's volleyball , women 's gymnastics , and men 's wrestling . The facility also plays host to graduation ceremonies and a variety of concerts and shows . The building replaced Sun Devil Gym as the primary arena for the Sun Devils ' basketball team . The former naming rights for the arena were purchased by Wells Fargo & Co. in 1997 . The current naming rights to arena were purchased by Desert Financial Credit Union in 2019 for $ 1.5 million for 5 years ." } ] }, { "value": "Tempe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tempe,_Arizona", "summary": "Tempe ( /tɛmˈpiː/ tem-PEE ; Oidbaḍ in O'odham ) , is a city in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States , with the Census Bureau reporting a 2017 population of 185,038 . The city is named after the Vale of Tempe in Greece . Tempe is located in the East Valley section of metropolitan Phoenix ; it is bordered by Phoenix and Guadalupe on the west , Scottsdale and the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north , Chandler on the south , and Mesa on the east . Tempe is also the location of the main campus of Arizona State University ." } ] }, { "value": "Arizona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona", "summary": "Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson ." } ] }, { "value": "Midwest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Tennessee at Chattanooga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_at_Chattanooga", "summary": "The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ( UT-Chattanooga , UTC , or Chattanooga ) is a public university in Chattanooga , Tennessee . It is one of three universities and two other affiliated institutions in the University of Tennessee System ( UT System ) ." } ] }, { "value": "McKenzie Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/McKenzie_Arena", "summary": "McKenzie Arena ( also called The Roundhouse ) is the primary basketball arena for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ( UTC ) in Chattanooga in the U.S. state of Tennessee . It replaced Maclellan Gymnasium , a 4,177-seat gymnasium now used for women 's volleyball and wrestling . Originally called UTC Arena , it was renamed McKenzie Arena on February 21 , 2000 in honor of athletic supporters Toby and Brenda McKenzie of Cleveland , Tennessee . The arena opened on October 8 , 1982 . It was designed by Campbell & Associates Architects with David J. Moore as the on-site architect/construction administrator . The first season included a visit by then defending NCAA national champion North Carolina Tar Heels , a team which included Michael Jordan , Brad Daugherty , and Sam Perkins . The arena hosted the 2005 , 2009 , and 2011 men 's Southern Conference basketball tournament and the 2005 , 2009 , and 2011 women 's tournament championship game . In addition to basketball , the arena has hosted many ice shows , rodeos , circuses , truck rallies , and wrestling events . The arena is also home to UTC 's department of intercollegiate athletics . The arena also hosted the 2006 TSSAA State Wrestling tournament . The arena can also accommodate concerts , with a 64-by-48-foot ( 20 by 15 m ) stage and capacities of 7,463 for side-stage shows , 9,107 end-stage and 11,557 center-stage shows ; ice shows , circuses and even monster truck rallies ( arena floor dimensions are 151 ' 6 by 181 ' 9 ) . The arena hosted WCW Halloween Havoc in 1991 and the thirteenth WWF In Your House pay-per-view In Your House 13 : Final Four in 1997 ." } ] }, { "value": "Chattanooga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chattanooga", "summary": "Chattanooga is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County , Tennessee , along the Tennessee River bordering Georgia . With an estimated population of 180,557 in 2017 , it is the fourth-largest city in Tennessee and one of the two principal cities of East Tennessee , along with Knoxville . Served by multiple railroads and Interstate highways , Chattanooga is a transit hub . Chattanooga lies 118 miles ( 190 km ) northwest of Atlanta , Georgia , 112 miles ( 180 km ) southwest of Knoxville , Tennessee , 134 miles ( 216 km ) southeast of Nashville , Tennessee , 102 miles ( 164 km ) east-northeast of Huntsville , Alabama , and 147 miles ( 237 km ) northeast of Birmingham , Alabama . The Chattanooga metropolitan statistical area is the fourth largest in Tennessee and the city of Chattanooga anchors a three-state area that includes Southeast Tennessee , Northwest Georgia , and Northeast Alabama . Major industry driving the economy includes automotive , advanced manufacturing , food and beverage production , healthcare , insurance , tourism , and back office and corporate headquarters . The city , with a downtown elevation of about 680 feet ( 210 m ) , is at the transition between the ridge-and-valley portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau . Its official nickname is Scenic City , alluding to the surrounding by mountains and ridges . Unofficial nicknames include River City , Chatt , Nooga , Chattown , and Gig City , the latter a reference to Chattanooga 's claims that it has the fastest internet service in the Western Hemisphere . Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 song Chattanooga Choo Choo by Glenn Miller and his orchestra . Chattanooga is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ( UTC ) and Chattanooga State Community College ." } ] }, { "value": "Tennessee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tennessee", "summary": "Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined ." } ] }, { "value": "Midwest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_State_University", "summary": "Florida State University ( Florida State or FSU ) is a public space-grant and sea-grant research university in Tallahassee , Florida . It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1851 , it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 10 billion . Florida State is home to Florida 's only national laboratory , the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol . Florida State University also operates the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art , the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . For 2020 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 18th best public university in the United States in the national university category . FSU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Florida State Seminoles nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . In their 113-year history , Florida State 's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Tallahassee-Leon County Civic Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tallahassee-Leon_County_Civic_Center", "summary": "The Donald L. Tucker Civic Center , is a multi-purpose indoor arena located on the Florida State University campus in Tallahassee , Florida . The arena has the biggest capacity of any arena in the Florida Panhandle . The arena opened in 1981 and was built at a cost of over $ 30 million , financed by the city . In 2013 , the venue was purchased by the Florida State University Board of Trustees . The facility is located on the southeastern side of the university 's campus , between the FSU College of Law and the future home of the FSU College of Business . The arena is also located on the Madison Mile , an economic development that connects the venue and Doak Campbell Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "Tallahassee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tallahassee", "summary": "Tallahassee ( /ˌtæləˈhæsi/ ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida . It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County . Tallahassee became the capital of Florida , then the Florida Territory , in 1824 . In 2018 , the population was 193,551 , making it the 7th-largest city in the U.S state of Florida , and the 126th-largest city in the United States . The population of the Tallahassee metropolitan area was 385,145 as of 2018 [ update ] . Tallahassee is the largest city in the Florida Big Bend and Florida Panhandle region , and the main center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Big Bend and Southwest Georgia regions . Tallahassee is home to Florida State University , ranked the nation 's eighteenth best public university by U.S. News & World Report . It is also home to Florida A & M University , the fifth-largest historically black university by total enrollment . Tallahassee Community College is a large state college that serves mainly as a feeder school to Florida State and Florida A & M . Tallahassee qualifies as a significant college town , with a student population exceeding 70,000 . [ citation needed ] As the capital , Tallahassee is the site of the Florida State Capitol , Supreme Court of Florida , Florida Governor 's Mansion , and nearly 30 state agency headquarters . The city is also known for its large number of law firms , lobbying organizations , trade associations and professional associations , including the Florida Bar and the Florida Chamber of Commerce ." } ] }, { "value": "Florida", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida", "summary": "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ." } ] }, { "value": "West", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Texas", "summary": "The University of Texas at Austin ( UT Austin ) is a public research university in Austin , Texas . It was founded in 1883 and is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System . The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929 , becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected . The institution has the nation 's eighth-largest single-campus enrollment , with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty and staff . A Public Ivy , it is a major center for academic research , with research expenditures exceeding $ 615 million for the 2016-2017 school year . The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries , including the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and the Blanton Museum of Art , and operates various auxiliary research facilities , such as the J. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory . Among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize , the Pulitzer Prize , the Wolf Prize , the Primetime Emmy Award , the Abel Prize , the Turing Award , and the National Medal of Science , as well as many other awards . As of October 2019 , 12 Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners and two Fields medalists have been affiliated with the school as alumni , faculty members or researchers . Student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference . Its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university . The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships , six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships , thirteen NCAA Division I National Men 's Swimming and Diving Championships , and has claimed more titles in men 's and women 's sports than any other school in the Big 12 since the league was founded in 1996 ." } ] }, { "value": "Frank Erwin Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Erwin_Center", "summary": "The Frank C. Erwin Jr. Center ( commonly known as Frank Erwin Center or UT Erwin Center and originally Special Events Center ) is a multi-purpose arena located on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin in Austin , Texas . It is also sometimes referred to as The Drum or The Superdrum , owing to its round , drum-like appearance from outside ( not to be confused with Big Bertha , the large bass drum used by the University of Texas marching band ) . The multi-purpose facility hosts entertainment events and is the home court for the UT men 's and women 's basketball programs . The Erwin Center is located at the southeastern corner of the UT central campus and is bounded on the east by Interstate 35 ." } ] }, { "value": "Austin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Austin", "summary": "Austin ( UK : /ˈɒstɪn , ˈɔːstɪn/ , US : /ˈɔːstən/ ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas , as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County , with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties . It is the 11th-most populous city in the United States , the fourth-most-populous city in Texas , and the second-most-populous state capital city ( after Phoenix , Arizona ) . It is also the fastest growing large city in the United States and the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States . As of the U.S. Census Bureau 's July 1 , 2018 estimate , Austin had a population of 964,254 , up from 790,491 at the 2010 census . The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan statistical area , which had an estimated population of 2,168,316 as of July 1 , 2018 [ update ] . Located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country , it is home to numerous lakes , rivers , and waterways , including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River , Barton Springs , McKinney Falls , and Lake Walter E. Long . U.S. News & World Report named Austin the No . 1 place to live in the U.S. for 2017 and 2018 . In 2016 , Forbes ranked Austin No . 1 on its Cities of the Future list , then in 2017 placed the city at that same position on its list for the Next Biggest Boom Town in the U.S. Also in 2017 , Forbes awarded the South River City neighborhood of Austin its # 2 ranking for Best Cities and Neighborhoods for Millennials . WalletHub named Austin the # 6 best place in the country to live for 2017 . The FBI ranked Austin as the # 2 safest major city in the U.S. for 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Texas", "summary": "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ." } ] }, { "value": "West", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Louisiana State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisiana_State_University", "summary": "Louisiana State University ( officially Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College , commonly referred to as LSU ) is a public research university in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville , Louisiana , under the name Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy . The current LSU main campus was dedicated in 1926 , consists of more than 250 buildings constructed in the style of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio , and the main campus historic district occupies a 650-acre ( 2.6 km² ) plateau on the banks of the Mississippi River . LSU is the flagship school of the state of Louisiana , as well the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System , and is the most comprehensive university in Louisiana . In 2017 , the university enrolled over 25,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools and colleges . Several of LSU 's graduate schools , such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center , have received national recognition in their respective fields of study . Designated as a land-grant , sea-grant and space-grant institution , LSU is also noted for its extensive research facilities , operating some 800 sponsored research projects funded by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the National Endowment for the Humanities , and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . LSU is one of eight universities in the United States with dental , law , veterinary , medical , and Master of Business Administration programs . The LSU School of Veterinary Medicine is one of only 30 veterinary schools in the country and the only one in Louisiana . LSU 's athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports ( 9 men 's , 12 women 's ) , and is a member of the NCAA ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ) and the SEC ( Southeastern Conference ) . The university is represented by its mascot , Mike the Tiger ." } ] }, { "value": "LSU Assembly Center ( Pete Maravich Assembly Center )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pete_Maravich_Assembly_Center", "summary": "The Pete Maravich Assembly Center is a 13,215-seat multi-purpose arena in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The arena opened in 1972 . It is home to the Louisiana State University Tigers and Lady Tigers basketball teams , the LSU Tigers women 's gymnastics team and the LSU Tigers women 's volleyball team . It was originally known as the LSU Assembly Center , but was renamed in honor of Pete Maravich , a Tiger basketball legend , shortly after his death in 1988 . Louisiana Governor Buddy Roemer signed an act to rename the building in Maravich 's honor ( under Louisiana law , no LSU or state owned building may be named after a living person ) . Maravich never played in the arena as a collegian but played in it as a member of the Atlanta Hawks in a preseason game . But his exploits while at LSU led the University to build a larger home for the basketball team , which languished for decades in the shadow of the school 's football program . The Maravich Center is known to locals as The PMAC or Pete 's Palace , or by its more nationally known nickname , The Deaf Dome , coined by Dick Vitale . The Maravich Center 's neighbor , Tiger Stadium is known as Death Valley . The slightly oval building is located directly to the north of Tiger Stadium , and its bright-white roof can be seen in many telecasts of that stadium . The arena concourse is divided into four quadrants : Pete Maravich Pass , The Walk of Champions , Heroes Hall and Midway of Memories . The quadrants highlight former LSU Tiger athletes , individual and team awards and memorabilia pertaining to the history of LSU basketball , gymnastics and volleyball ." } ] }, { "value": "Baton Rouge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Baton_Rouge", "summary": "Baton Rouge ( /ˌbætən ˈruːʒ/ BAT-ən ROOZH ; from French , meaning 'red stick ' ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana . Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River , it is the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish , the most populous parish in Louisiana . It is the 99th most populous city in the United States , and second-largest city in Louisiana after New Orleans . It is also the 16th most populous state capital . As of the U.S. Census Bureau 's July 2018 estimate , Baton Rouge had a population of 221,599 , down from 229,493 at the 2010 census . Baton Rouge is the center of Greater Baton Rouge , the second-largest metropolitan area in Louisiana , with a population of 834,159 as of 2017 , up from 802,484 in 2010 and 829,719 in 2015 . The city of Baton Rouge is a major industrial , petrochemical , medical , research , motion picture , and growing technology center of the American South . It is the location of Louisiana State University , the LSU System 's flagship university and the largest institution of higher education in the state . It is also the location of Southern University , the flagship institution of the Southern University System , the only historically black college system in the nation . The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the 10th-largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped , and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handling Panamax ships . This , as well as its status as a major port city , is largely due to the Huey P. Long - O.K . Allen Bridge , which was intentionally constructed under the governorship of Huey Long at a low height , preventing big tankers from making their way up-river , past Baton Rouge ." } ] }, { "value": "Louisiana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisiana", "summary": "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ." } ] }, { "value": "West", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iowa State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iowa_State_University", "summary": "Iowa State University of Science and Technology ( Iowa State ) is a public land-grant and space-grant research university in Ames , Iowa . It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the third largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference . Iowa State is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . It is also a member of the Association of American Universities ( AAU ) . Founded in 1858 and coeducational from its start , Iowa State became the nation 's first designated land-grant institution when the Iowa Legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act on September 11 , 1862 , making Iowa the first state in the nation to do so . Iowa State 's academic offerings are administered today through eight colleges , including the graduate college , that offer over 100 bachelor 's degree programs , 112 master 's degree programs , and 83 at the Ph.D. level , plus a professional degree program in Veterinary Medicine . Iowa State University 's athletic teams , the Cyclones , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are a founding member of the Big 12 . The Cyclones field 16 varsity teams and have won numerous NCAA national championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Hilton Coliseum", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hilton_Coliseum", "summary": "James H. Hilton Coliseum is a 14,384-seat multi-purpose arena located in Ames , Iowa . The arena opened in 1971 . It is home to the Iowa State University Cyclones men 's and women 's basketball teams , wrestling , gymnastics and volleyball teams ." } ] }, { "value": "Ames", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ames,_Iowa", "summary": "Ames ( /eɪmz/ ) is a city in Story County , Iowa , United States approximately 30 miles ( 48 km ) north of Des Moines in central Iowa . It is best known as the home of Iowa State University ( ISU ) , with leading Agriculture , Design , Engineering , and Veterinary Medicine colleges . A United States Department of Energy national laboratory , Ames Laboratory , is located on the ISU campus . In 2017 , Ames had a population of 66,498 . Iowa State University is home to 36,321 students ( Fall 2017 ) , which make up approximately one half of the city 's population . Ames also hosts United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) sites : the largest federal animal disease center in the United States , USDA 's Agricultural Research Service 's National Animal Disease Center ( NADC ) . , as well as , one of two national USDA sites for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ( APHIS ) , which comprises the National Veterinary Services Laboratory and the Center for Veterinary Biologics . Ames has the headquarters for the Iowa Department of Transportation . In 2010 , Ames was ranked ninth on CNNMoney 's Best Places to Live list ." } ] }, { "value": "Iowa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iowa", "summary": "Iowa ( /ˈaɪəwə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Midwestern United States , bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west . It is bordered by six states : Wisconsin to the northeast , Illinois to the east and southeast , Missouri to the south , Nebraska to the west , South Dakota to the northwest , and Minnesota to the north . In colonial times , Iowa was a part of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana ; its state flag is patterned after the flag of France . After the Louisiana Purchase , people laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt . In the latter half of the 20th century , Iowa 's agricultural economy made the transition to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing , processing , financial services , information technology , biotechnology , and green energy production . Iowa is the 26th most extensive in land area and the 30th most populous of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital , most populous city , and largest metropolitan area fully located within the state is Des Moines . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in ." } ] }, { "value": "West", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1 & 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Temple University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Temple_University", "summary": "Temple University ( Temple or TU ) is a public research university in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was founded in 1884 by the Baptist minister Russell Conwell . In 1882 , Conwell came to Pennsylvania to lead the Grace Baptist Church while he began tutoring working-class citizens late at night to accommodate their work schedules . These students - later dubbed night owls - were taught in the basement of Conwell 's Baptist Temple , hence the origin of the university 's name and mascot . By 1907 , the institution revised its institutional status and was incorporated as a university . As of 2019 , about 40,000 undergraduate , graduate and professional students were enrolled in more than 600 academic degree programs offered at sites across the globe , including eight campuses across Pennsylvania , Rome and Japan . Temple is among the world 's largest providers of professional education ( law , medicine , podiatry , pharmacy , dentistry , and architecture ) , preparing the largest body of professional practitioners in Pennsylvania . Temple 's sports teams , the Owls , compete in NCAA Division I sporting events ." } ] }, { "value": "Liacouras Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Liacouras_Center", "summary": "The Liacouras Center is a 10,000-seat multi-purpose venue which opened in 1997 and was originally named The Apollo of Temple . The arena was renamed in 2000 for Temple University President , Peter J. Liacouras . It is part of a $ 107 million , four-building complex along North Broad Street on the Temple University campus in North Philadelphia . The Liacouras Center is the largest indoor , public assembly venue in Philadelphia north of City Hall ." } ] }, { "value": "Philadelphia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Philadelphia", "summary": "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ." } ] }, { "value": "Pennsylvania", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pennsylvania", "summary": "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ." } ] } ], "section_title": "First and second rounds", "section_text": "Notre DameSanta BarbaraBlacksburgBridgeportMissoulaColumbusDurhamMinneapolisAlbuquerqueTempeChattanoogaTallahasseeAustinBaton RougeAmesPhiladelphia 2004 NCAA NCAA first and second round venues In 2004 , the field remained at 64 teams . The teams were seeded , and assigned to four geographic regions , with seeds 1-16 in each region . In Round 1 , seeds 1 and 16 faced each other , as well as seeds 2 and 15 , seeds 3 and 14 , seeds 4 and 13 , seeds 5 and 12 , seeds 6 and 11 , seeds 7 and 10 , and seeds 8 and 9 . Sixteen sites for the first two rounds were determined approximately a year before the team selections and seedings were completed , following a practice established in 2003 . [ 2 ] The following table lists the region , host school , venue and the sixteen first and second round locations : [ 3 ]", "uid": "2004_NCAA_Women's_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament_2", "intro": "The 2004 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 20, 2004 and concluded on April 6, 2004 when Connecticut won a third consecutive national championship, becoming only the second school in history to accomplish such a feat. The Final Four was held at the New Orleans Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana on April 4-6, 2004, and was hosted by Tulane University. UConn, coached by Geno Auriemma, defeated archrivals Tennessee, coached by Pat Summitt, 70-61 in the championship game. UConn's Diana Taurasi was named Most Outstanding Player for the second consecutive year. The tournament was also notable as UC Santa Barbara became the first double digit seed not to lose by a double-digit margin in the Sweet 16 as they lost to UConn 63-57." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Southwest", "title": "Air Southwest", "header": [ "City", "Country", "IATA", "ICAO", "Airport" ], "data": [ { "value": "Aberdeen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aberdeen", "summary": "Aberdeen ( /ˌæbərˈdiːn/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Aiberdeen , listen ( help·info ) ; Scottish Gaelic : Obar Dheathain [ opəɾ ˈɛ.ɛɲ ] ; Latin : Aberdonia ) is a city in northeast Scotland . It is Scotland 's third most populous city , one of Scotland 's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom 's 39th most populous built-up area , with an official population estimate of 196,670 for the city of Aberdeen and 227,560 for the local council area . During the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries , Aberdeen 's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite , which can sparkle like silver because of its high mica content . Since the discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s , Aberdeen has been known as the off-shore oil capital of Europe . The area around Aberdeen has been settled for at least 8,000 years , when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don . The city has a long , sandy coastline and a marine climate , the latter resulting in chilly summers and mild winters . Aberdeen received Royal burgh status from David I of Scotland ( 1124-1153 ) , transforming the city economically . The city has two universities , the University of Aberdeen , founded in 1495 , and Robert Gordon University , which was awarded university status in 1992 , making Aberdeen the educational centre of north-east Scotland . The traditional industries of fishing , paper-making , shipbuilding , and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen 's seaport . Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland . Aberdeen used to host the Aberdeen International Youth Festival , a major international event which attracted up to 1000 of the most talented young performing arts companies but the council ended funding in 2017 and the festival was wound up in 2018 . In 2015 , Mercer named Aberdeen the 57th most liveable city in the world , as well as the fourth most liveable city in Britain ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom Scotland", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ABZ", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGPD", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aberdeen Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aberdeen_Airport", "summary": "Aberdeen International Airport ( Scottish Gaelic : Port-adhair Eadar-nàiseanta Obar Dheathain ) ( IATA : ABZ , ICAO : EGPD ) is an international airport , located at Dyce , a suburb of Aberdeen , Scotland , approximately 5 nautical miles ( 9.3 km ; 5.8 mi ) northwest of Aberdeen city centre . A total of just under 3.1 million passengers used the airport in 2017 , an increase of 4.6% compared with 2016 . The airport is owned and operated by AGS Airports which also owns and operates Glasgow and Southampton airports . It was previously owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings ( formerly known as BAA ) . Aberdeen Airport is a base for Eastern Airways , Flybe and Loganair . The airport also serves as the main heliport for the Scottish offshore oil industry . With the utilisation of newer aircraft , helicopters can reach northernmost platforms on both the east and west of Shetland areas . However , helicopters also sometimes use Wick , Kirkwall , Scatsta and Sumburgh for refuelling stops . The airport has one main passenger terminal , serving all scheduled and charter holiday flights . In addition , there are four terminals dedicated to North Sea helicopter operations , used by Bristow Helicopters , CHC Helicopter , NHV and Babcock Mission Critical Services Offshore . Bristow Helicopters also have a small terminal adjacent to the main passenger terminal , used primarily for oil company charter flights to Scatsta and Sumburgh in Shetland , operated by Eastern Airways ." } ] }, { "value": "Bristol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bristol", "summary": "Bristol ( /ˈbrɪstəl/ ( listen ) ) is a city and county in South West England with a population of 463,400 . The wider district has the 10th-largest population in England . The urban area population of 724,000 is the 8th-largest in the UK . The city borders North Somerset and South Gloucestershire , with the cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east , respectively . South Wales lies across the Severn estuary . Iron Age hill forts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon , and around the beginning of the 11th century , the settlement was known as Brycgstow ( Old English the place at the bridge ) . Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373 when it became a county of itself . From the 13th to the 18th century , Bristol was among the top three English cities , after London , in tax receipts . Bristol was surpassed by the rapid rise of Birmingham , Manchester and Liverpool in the Industrial Revolution . Bristol was a starting place for early voyages of exploration to the New World . On a ship out of Bristol in 1497 John Cabot , a Venetian , became the first European since the Vikings to land on mainland North America . In 1499 William Weston , a Bristol merchant , was the first Englishman to lead an exploration to North America ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom England", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BRS", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGGD", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bristol Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bristol_Airport", "summary": "Bristol Airport ( IATA : BRS , ICAO : EGGD ) , at Lulsgate Bottom in North Somerset , is the commercial airport serving the city of Bristol , England , and the surrounding area . It is 7 nautical miles ( 13 km ; 8.1 mi ) southwest of Bristol city centre . Built on the site of a former RAF airfield , it opened in 1957 as Bristol ( Lulsgate ) Airport , replacing Bristol ( Whitchurch ) Airport as Bristol 's municipal airport . From 1997 to 2010 , it was known as Bristol International Airport . In 1997 , a majority shareholding in the airport was sold to FirstGroup , and then in 2001 the airport was sold to a joint venture of Macquarie Bank and others . In September 2014 , Ontario Teachers ' Pension Plan bought out Macquarie to become the sole owner . In 2018 , it was ranked the ninth busiest airport in the United Kingdom , handling nearly 8.7 million passengers , a 5% increase compared with 2017 . A passenger survey carried out in 2015 found that 32.5% of journeys using the airport started or ended in the city of Bristol , 9.6% in Gloucestershire , 24.5% in Somerset and 16.9% in Devon . Airlines with operating bases at the airport include EasyJet and Ryanair . The airport has a Civil Aviation Authority Public Use Aerodrome Licence ( number P432 ) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers and for flying instruction ." } ] }, { "value": "Cardiff", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cardiff", "summary": "Cardiff ( Welsh : Caerdydd [ kairˈdiːð , kaːɨrˈdɨːð ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city . The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom , it is Wales ' chief commercial centre , the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media , and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales . At the 2011 census , the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090 , and the wider urban area 479,000 . Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017 . In 2011 , Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic 's alternative tourist destinations . Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan , and in 1974 , South Glamorgan . Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities . A small town until the early 19th century , its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city . In 1905 , Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955 . At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090 . The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth . Since the 1980s , Cardiff has seen significant development ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom Wales", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CWL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGFF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cardiff Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cardiff_Airport", "summary": "Cardiff Airport ( Welsh : Maes Awyr Caerdydd ) ( IATA : CWL , ICAO : EGFF ) is the busiest airport in Wales . It has been under the ownership of the Welsh Government since March 2013 , operating at an arm 's length as a commercial business . Passenger numbers were 1.581 million in 2018 and are increasing year-on-year . Cardiff Airport is located near the village of Rhoose in the Vale of Glamorgan ." } ] }, { "value": "Cork", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cork_(city)", "summary": "Cork ( /kɔːrk/ ; Irish : Corcaigh , pronounced [ ˈkoɾkɪɟ ] , from corcach , meaning marsh ) is the second largest city in Ireland . Located in the south-west of Ireland , in the province of Munster , since an extension to the city 's boundary in 2019 , its population is c.210,000 . The city centre is an island positioned between two channels of the River Lee which meet downstream at the eastern end of the city centre , where the quays and docks along the river lead outwards towards Lough Mahon and Cork Harbour , one of the largest natural harbours in the world . Originally a monastic settlement , Cork was expanded by Viking invaders around 915 . Its charter was granted by Prince John in 1185 . Cork city was once fully walled , and the remnants of the old medieval town centre can be found around South and North Main streets . The third largest city by population on the island of Ireland , the city 's cognomen of the rebel city originates in its support for the Yorkist cause in the Wars of the Roses . Corkonians sometimes refer to the city as the real capital , a reference to its opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the Irish Civil War ." } ] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ORK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EICK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cork Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cork_Airport", "summary": "Cork Airport ( Irish : Aerfort Chorcaí , IATA : ORK , ICAO : EICK ) is the second-largest of the three principal international airports in the Republic of Ireland , after Dublin and ahead of Shannon . It is located 6.5 km ( 4.0 mi ) south of Cork city centre in an area known as Farmers Cross . In 2018 , Cork Airport handled 2,392,821 passengers , a 3.7% annual increase . Cork is the state 's second-busiest airport in terms of passenger numbers , after Dublin , and fourth busiest on the island of Ireland , after Dublin , Belfast International and Belfast City ." } ] }, { "value": "Dublin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dublin", "summary": "Dublin ( /ˈdʌblɪn/ , locally /ˈdʊb-/ ; Irish : Baile Átha Cliath [ ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈklʲiə ; ˌbʲlʲaː ˈklʲiə ] ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland . Situated on a bay on the east coast , at the mouth of the River Liffey , it lies within the province of Leinster . It is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains , a part of the Wicklow Mountains range . It has an urban area population of 1,173,179 , while the population of the Dublin Region ( formerly County Dublin ) as of 2016 [ update ] was 1,347,359 . The population of the Greater Dublin Area was 1,904,806 per the 2016 census . There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by the Gaels in or before the 7th century AD . Later expanded as a Viking settlement , the Kingdom of Dublin , the city became Ireland 's principal settlement following the Norman invasion . The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800 . Following the partition of Ireland in 1922 , Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State , later renamed Ireland . Dublin is a historical and contemporary centre for education , the arts , administration and industry . As of 2018 [ update ] the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ( GaWC ) as a global city , with a ranking of Alpha − , which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "Ireland", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DUB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EIDW", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dublin Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dublin_Airport", "summary": "Dublin Airport ( Irish : Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath ) ( IATA : DUB , ICAO : EIDW ) is an international airport serving Dublin , the capital city of Ireland . It is operated by DAA ( formerly Dublin Airport Authority ) . The airport is located 7 km ( 4.3 mi ) north of Dublin , in Collinstown , near Swords , Dublin . In 2019 , 32.9 million passengers passed through the airport , making it the airport 's busiest year on record . It is the 12th busiest airport in Europe , and is by far the busiest of Ireland 's airports by total passenger traffic ; it also has the greatest traffic levels on the island of Ireland , followed by Belfast International Airport . The airport has an extensive short and medium haul network , served by an array of carriers , as well as a significant long-haul network focused on North America , the Middle East and East Asia . It serves as the headquarters of Ireland 's flag carrier - Aer Lingus , regional airline Stobart Air , Europe 's largest low-cost carrier - Ryanair , and ASL Airlines Ireland , together with another two airlines , CityJet and Norwegian Air International . United States border preclearance services are available at the airport for U.S.-bound passengers . Shannon Airport is the only other airport in Europe to offer this facility ." } ] }, { "value": "Dundee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dundee", "summary": "Dundee ( /dʌnˈdiː/ ( listen ) ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Dè or Dùn Dèagh [ ˈt̪uːn tʲeː ] ) is Scotland 's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom . The mid-year population estimate for 2018 was 148,750 , giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km2 or 6,420/sq mi , the second-highest in Scotland . It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay , which feeds into the North Sea . Under the name of Dundee City ( officially the City of Dundee ) , it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland . Historically part of Angus , the city developed into a burgh in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port . Rapid expansion was brought on by the Industrial Revolution , particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global jute industry . This , along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of jute , jam and journalism . Today , Dundee is promoted as One City , Many Discoveries in honour of Dundee 's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery , Robert Falcon Scott 's Antarctic exploration vessel , which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point . Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s , and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom 's digital entertainment industry , including mobile app development and gaming . Dundee has two universities - the University of Dundee and the Abertay University . In 2014 Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK 's first UNESCO City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research , comics and video games . A unique feature of Dundee is that its two professional football clubs , Dundee F.C ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom Scotland", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DND", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGPN", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dundee Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dundee_Airport", "summary": "Dundee Airport ( Scottish Gaelic : Port-adhair Dhùn Dèagh ) ( IATA : DND , ICAO : EGPN ) is located 3 km ( 1.9 mi ) from the centre of Dundee , Scotland or , for navigation purposes , 0.5 NM ( 0.93 km ; 0.58 mi ) south of the city . It lies on the shore of the Firth of Tay and overlooks the Tay Rail Bridge . Dundee Airport is a popular transport hub for golf in Scotland , as it is the closest airport to the championship courses at St Andrews , Gleneagles and Carnoustie . During international competitions , the airport is often at its busiest with charter and private aircraft ." } ] }, { "value": "Glasgow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glasgow", "summary": "Glasgow ( /ˈɡlæzɡoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈɡlɑːzɡoʊ , ˈɡlɑːsɡoʊ/ , US : /ˈɡlæsɡoʊ , ˈɡlæskoʊ/ ; Scots : Glesga [ ˈɡlezɡə ] ; Scottish Gaelic : Glaschu [ ˈkl̪ˠas̪əxu ] ) is the most populous city in Scotland , and the third most populous city in the United Kingdom , as of the 2017 estimated city population of 621,020 . Historically part of Lanarkshire , the city now forms the Glasgow City council area , one of the 32 council areas of Scotland ; the local authority is Glasgow City Council . Glasgow is situated on the River Clyde in the country 's West Central Lowlands . It is the fifth most visited city in the UK . Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians or , informally , as Weegies . Glasgow is also known for the Glasgow patter , a distinct dialect of the Scots language that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city . Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland , and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain . Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh , and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century , it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century . From the eighteenth century onwards , the city also grew as one of Great Britain 's main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America and the West Indies . With the onset of the Industrial Revolution , the population and economy of Glasgow and the surrounding region expanded rapidly to become one of the world 's pre-eminent centres of chemicals , textiles and engineering ; most notably in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry , which produced many innovative and famous vessels . Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period , although many cities argue the title was theirs . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , Glasgow 's population grew rapidly , reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938 ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom Scotland", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GLA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGPF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Glasgow International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glasgow_International_Airport", "summary": "Glasgow Airport ( Scots : Glesga Airport , Scottish Gaelic : Port-adhair Eadar-nàiseanta Ghlaschu ) , also known as Glasgow International Airport ( IATA : GLA , ICAO : EGPF ) , formerly Abbotsinch Airport , is an international airport in Scotland . It is located in Paisley , Renfrewshire , 8.6 nautical miles ( 15.9 km ; 9.9 mi ) west of Glasgow city centre . In 2019 , the airport handled nearly 8.9 million passengers , a 8.4 annual decrease , making it the second-busiest in Scotland , after Edinburgh Airport , and the ninth-busiest airport in the United Kingdom . The airport is owned and operated by AGS Airports which also owns and operates Aberdeen and Southampton Airports . It was previously owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings ( formerly known as BAA ) . The airport 's largest tenants are British Airways , easyJet and Loganair , the latter using it as a hub . [ citation needed ] Other major airlines using Glasgow as a base include Flybe , Jet2 and TUI Airways ( formerly known as Thomson Airways ) . Glasgow Airport was opened in 1966 and originally flights only operated to other places in the United Kingdom and Europe . Glasgow Airport began to offer flights to other places around the world , flights which previously used Glasgow Prestwick Airport , which was subsequently relegated as the city 's secondary airport catering for low-cost airlines , freight and charter operators ." } ] }, { "value": "Guernsey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guernsey", "summary": "Guernsey ( /ˈɡɜːrnzi/ ( listen ) ; Guernésiais : Guernési ) is an island in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy . It lies roughly north of Saint-Malo and to the west of Jersey and the Cotentin Peninsula . With several smaller nearby islands , it forms a jurisdiction within the Bailiwick of Guernsey , a British Crown dependency . The jurisdiction is made up of ten parishes on the island of Guernsey , three other inhabited islands ( Herm , Jethou and Lihou ) , and many small islets and rocks ." } ] }, { "value": "Guernsey", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GCI", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGJB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Guernsey Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guernsey_Airport", "summary": "Guernsey Airport ( IATA : GCI , ICAO : EGJB ) is an international airport on the island of Guernsey and also largest airport in the Bailiwick of Guernsey . It is located in the Forest , a parish in Guernsey , 2.5 nautical miles ( 4.6 km ; 2.9 mi ) southwest of St. Peter Port and features mostly flights to Great Britain and some other European destinations ." } ] }, { "value": "Jersey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jersey", "summary": "Jersey ( /ˈdʒɜːrzi/ JUR-zee , French : [ ʒɛʁzɛ ] ( listen ) ; Jèrriais : Jèrri [ dʒɛri ] ) , officially the Bailiwick of Jersey ( French : Bailliage de Jersey ; Jèrriais : Bailliage dé Jèrri ) , is a British Crown dependency located near the coast of Normandy , France . It is the second-closest of the Channel Islands to France , after Alderney . Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy , whose dukes went on to become kings of England from 1066 . After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century , and the ducal title surrendered to France , Jersey and the other Channel Islands remained attached to the English crown . The bailiwick consists of the island of Jersey , the largest of the Channel Islands , along with surrounding uninhabited islands and rocks collectively named Les Dirouilles , Les Écréhous , Les Minquiers , Les Pierres de Lecq , and other reefs . Although the bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey are often referred to collectively as the Channel Islands , the Channel Islands are not a constitutional or political unit . Jersey has a separate relationship to the Crown from the other Crown dependencies of Guernsey and the Isle of Man , although all are held by the monarch of the United Kingdom . Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy , with its own financial , legal and judicial systems , and the power of self-determination . The Lieutenant Governor on the island is the personal representative of the Queen . Jersey is not part of the United Kingdom , and has an international identity separate from that of the UK , but the UK is constitutionally responsible for the defence of Jersey . The definition of United Kingdom in the British Nationality Act 1981 is interpreted as including the UK and the Islands together.The European Commission confirmed in a written reply to the European Parliament in 2003 that Jersey was within the Union as a European Territory for whose external relationships the UK is responsible . Jersey was not fully part of the European Union but had a special relationship with it , notably being treated as within the European Community for the purposes of free trade in goods ." } ] }, { "value": "Jersey", "urls": [] }, { "value": "JER", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGJJ", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jersey Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jersey_Airport", "summary": "Jersey Airport ( IATA : JER , ICAO : EGJJ ) is an international airport located in the parish of Saint Peter , 4 NM ( 7.4 km ; 4.6 mi ) west northwest of Saint Helier in Jersey , in the Channel Islands ." } ] }, { "value": "Leeds / Bradford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leeds", "summary": "Leeds is the largest city in the county of West Yorkshire in Northern England , approximately 170 miles north of central London . Leeds has one of the most diverse economies of all the UK 's main employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city . It also has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs of all the UK 's Core Cities , with 77% of its workforce working in the private sector . Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area , with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015 . Leeds is ranked as a High Sufficiency level city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Leeds is the cultural , financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area . Leeds is served by five universities , and has the fourth largest student population in the country and the country 's fourth largest urban economy . Leeds was a small manorial borough in the 13th century , and in the 17th and 18th centuries it became a major centre for the production and trading of wool , and in the Industrial Revolution a major mill town ; wool was still the dominant industry , but flax , engineering , iron foundries , printing , and other industries were also important . From being a market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century , Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century . It now lies within the West Yorkshire Urban Area , the United Kingdom 's fourth-most populous urban area , with a population of 2.6 million . Today , Leeds has become the largest legal and financial centre outside London with the financial and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to the city 's economy . The finance and business service sector account for 38% of total output with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city , including an office of the Bank of England ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bradford", "summary": "Bradford /ˈbrædfərd/ ( listen ) is a city in West Yorkshire , England , in the foothills of the Pennines , 8.6 miles ( 14 km ) west of Leeds , and 16 miles ( 26 km ) north-west of Wakefield . Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847 , and received its charter as a city in 1897 . Following local government reform in 1974 , city status was bestowed upon the City of Bradford metropolitan borough . Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area , which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and is the fourth largest in the United Kingdom . Bradford itself has a population of 529,870 , which makes it the seventh-largest city in the United Kingdom and the third-largest city in Yorkshire and the Humber after Leeds and Sheffield . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , Bradford rose to prominence in the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture , particularly wool . It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution , and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements , rapidly becoming the wool capital of the world . The area 's access to a supply of coal , iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford 's manufacturing base , which , as textile manufacture grew , led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment ; Bradford has a large amount of listed Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall . The textile sector in Bradford fell into decline from the mid-20th century . Bradford has since emerged as a tourist destination , becoming the first UNESCO City of Film with attractions such as the National Science and Media Museum , Bradford City Park , the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall . Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of post-industrial Northern England , including deindustrialisation , social unrest and economic deprivation ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom England", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LBA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGNM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Leeds Bradford International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_International_Airport", "summary": "Leeds Bradford Airport ( IATA : LBA , ICAO : EGNM ) is located in Yeadon , in the City of Leeds Metropolitan District in West Yorkshire , England , about 7 miles ( 11 km ) northwest of Leeds city centre , and about 9 miles ( 14 km ) from Bradford city centre . It serves Leeds and Bradford and the wider Yorkshire region including York and Wakefield , and Harrogate , and is the largest airport in Yorkshire . The airport was in public ownership until May 2007 , when it was bought by Bridgepoint Capital for £145.5 million . Bridgepoint sold it in 2017 to AMP Capital . Leeds Bradford opened on 17 October 1931 when it was known as Leeds and Bradford Municipal Aerodrome or Yeadon Aerodrome ; locals still refer to it as Yeadon Airport . Largely used for general aviation and training purposes early on , the first scheduled flights commenced on 8 April 1935 . To accommodate passenger traffic , work commenced on the first terminal in the late 1930s , although only the first wing was completed before the Second World War . British aircraft manufacturer Avro constructed a shadow factory to the north of the aerodrome in the largest free-standing structure in Europe at that time . Avro produced around 5,515 aircraft before it closed in December 1946 and civil flights recommenced the following year . In 1965 , a new runway opened . After Yeadon 's terminal was destroyed in a fire , a replacement was completed in 1968 . In the early 1980s , runway extensions were completed that enabled it to be classified as a regional airport ." } ] }, { "value": "Manchester", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manchester", "summary": "Manchester ( /ˈmæntʃɛstər/ ) is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester , England , with a population of 547,627 as of 2018 ( 5th most populous English district ) . It lies within the United Kingdom 's second-most populous urban area , with a population of 2.9 million , and second-most populous metropolitan area , with a population of 3.3 million . It is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south , the Pennines to the north and east , and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation . The local authority for the city is Manchester City Council . The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium or Mancunium , which was established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell . It is historically a part of Lancashire , although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated in the 20th century . The first to be included , Wythenshawe , was added to the city in 1931 . Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township , but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century . Manchester 's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution , and resulted in it becoming the world 's first industrialised city . Manchester achieved city status in 1853 . The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894 , creating the Port of Manchester and directly linking the city to the Irish Sea , 36 miles ( 58 km ) to the west . Its fortune declined after the Second World War , owing to deindustrialisation , but the IRA bombing in 1996 led to extensive investment and regeneration ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom England", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MAN", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGCC", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manchester Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manchester_Airport", "summary": "Manchester Airport ( IATA : MAN , ICAO : EGCC ) is an international airport at Ringway , Manchester , England , 7.5 nautical miles ( 13.9 km ; 8.6 mi ) south-west of Manchester city centre . In 2016 , it was the third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers and the busiest of those not serving London . The airport comprises three passenger terminals and a goods terminal , and is the only airport in the UK other than Heathrow Airport to operate two runways over 3,280 yd ( 2,999 m ) in length . Manchester Airport covers an area of 560 hectares ( 1,400 acres ) and has flights to 199 destinations , placing the airport thirteenth globally for total destinations served . Officially opened on 25 June 1938 , it was initially known as Ringway Airport , and is still called this locally . In World War II , as RAF Ringway , it was a base for the Royal Air Force . The airport is owned and managed by the Manchester Airport Holdings ( trading as MAG ) , a holding company owned by the Australian finance house IFM Investors and the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester , with Manchester City Council owning the largest stake . Ringway , after which the airport was named , is a village with a few buildings and church at the southern edge of the airport . Future developments include the £800 million Airport City Manchester logistics , manufacturing , office and hotel space next to the airport . Ongoing and future transport improvements include the £290 million Eastern Link relief road , which opened in October 2018 . A High Speed 2 station known as Manchester Interchange , is earmarked for opening in 2033 , will create a regular sub-10-minute shuttle service for connecting rail passengers between central Manchester and the Airport while relieving stress on the Styal Line to the Airport from Manchester which has become one of the most congested routes on the National Rail network . After the airport handled a record 27.8 million passengers in 2017 , it is currently undergoing a major expansion programme to double the size of Terminal 2 , with the first elements opening in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Newquay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Newquay", "summary": "Newquay ( /ˈnjuːki/ NEW-kee ; Cornish : Tewynblustri ) is a town on the north coast in Cornwall , in the south west of England . It is a civil parish , seaside resort , regional centre for aerospace industries , future spaceport and a fishing port on the North Atlantic coast of Cornwall , approximately 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of Truro and 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of Bodmin . The town is bounded to the south by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh , and to the north-east by the Porth Valley . The western edge of the town meets the Atlantic at Fistral Bay . The town has been expanding inland ( south ) since the former fishing village of New Quay began to grow in the second half of the nineteenth century . In 2001 , the census recorded a permanent population of 19,562 , increasing to 20,342 at the 2011 census . Recent estimates suggest that the total for the wider Newquay area would rise to 27,862 by 2018 and 30,341 in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom England", "urls": [] }, { "value": "NQY", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGHQ", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Newquay Cornwall Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Newquay_Cornwall_Airport", "summary": "Cornwall Airport Newquay ( IATA : NQY , ICAO : EGHQ ) is the main commercial airport for Cornwall , England , located at Mawgan in Pydar , 4 NM ( 7.4 km ; 4.6 mi ) northeast of the major town of Newquay on Cornwall 's north coast . Its runway was operated by RAF St Mawgan before 2008 , and is now owned by Cornwall Council . The airport handled 461,300 passengers in 2017 , a 24.2% increase over the previous year . Newquay has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction . The Cornwall Air Ambulance is based at the airport . Since 2012 , the airport has hosted the Aerohub enterprise zone . The runway is able to take the largest and fastest of civil and military aircraft , having been built and maintained for decades as an RAF maritime operations base . The US Navy were present with the USN AWD storage facility and Joint Maritime Facility . With the end of the Cold War and changes in American political priorities , the Americans pulled out of all involvement with the base by the end of 2009 . The last RAF flying squadron based at St Mawgan was 203 ( R ) Squadron which moved out in 2008 , but the RAF continues to use part of the site ." } ] }, { "value": "Norwich", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norwich", "summary": "Norwich ( /ˈnɒrɪdʒ , -ɪtʃ/ ( listen ) ) is a city in Norfolk , England , situated on the River Wensum in East Anglia , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) north-east of London . A city since 1094 , Norwich is the county town of Norfolk and unofficially seen as East Anglia 's capital . From the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution , Norwich was the largest city in England after London and one of the most important . The present-day population of the city is about 142,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom England", "urls": [] }, { "value": "NWI", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGSH", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Norwich International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norwich_Airport", "summary": "Norwich Airport ( IATA : NWI , ICAO : EGSH ) is a small international airport in Hellesdon , Norfolk , England , 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) north of Norwich . In 2017 , Norwich Airport was the 29th busiest airport in the UK and busiest in the East Anglia region . Norwich Airport has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction . Along with a long history of flights to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol via KLM Cityhopper , it offers flights to various destinations in the United Kingdom and Europe . Besides the commercial flights , charter operators also operate out of Norwich . Bristow Helicopters , DanCopter and Babcock Mission Critical Services Offshore fly crews to North Sea gas rigs and SaxonAir operates executive , private aircraft and helicopter charter flights . The airport was established on the site of a former RAF base in the early 1970s under the ownership of the local authorities . It was later sold into private ownership ." } ] }, { "value": "Plymouth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Plymouth", "summary": "Plymouth ( /ˈplɪməθ/ ( listen ) ) is a port city situated on the south coast of Devon , England , approximately 37 miles ( 60 km ) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles ( 310 km ) west-south-west of London . Enclosing the city are the mouths of the river Plym and river Tamar , which are naturally incorporated into Plymouth Sound to form a boundary with Cornwall . Plymouth 's early history extends to the Bronze Age when a first settlement emerged at Mount Batten . This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire , until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton founded in the ninth century , now called Plymouth . In 1620 , the Pilgrim Fathers departed Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony , the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America . During the English Civil War , the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646 . Throughout the Industrial Revolution , Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port , handling imports and passengers from the Americas , and exporting local minerals ( tin , copper , lime , china clay and arsenic ) . The neighbouring town of Devonport became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town . In 1914 three neighbouring independent towns , viz. , the county borough of Plymouth , the county borough of Devonport , and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough . The combined town took the name of Plymouth which , in 1928 , achieved city status . The city 's naval importance later led to its being targeted by the German military and partially destroyed by bombing during World War II , an act known as the Plymouth Blitz . After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt and subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton and Plymstock along with other outlying suburbs in 1967 ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom England", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PLH", "urls": [] }, { "value": "EGHD", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Plymouth City Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Plymouth_City_Airport", "summary": "Plymouth City Airport ( IATA : PLH , ICAO : EGHD ) is a 'mothballed ' airport located within the City of Plymouth 3.5 NM ( 6.5 km ; 4.0 mi ) north northeast of the city centre in Devon , England at Derriford ( formerly Roborough ) . The airport opened on this site in 1925 and was officially opened by the future Edward VIII , as Prince of Wales , in 1931 . The airport is owned by Plymouth City Council and leased to Plymouth-based company Sutton Harbour Holdings . In 2009 , 157,933 passengers passed through the airport , a sharp increase of 34.0% on the 2008 total of 117,823 making Plymouth one of the few UK airports experiencing significant growth during the period . However , following the withdrawal of London flights in early 2011 , the airport 's owners said passenger totals had fallen to fewer than 100 a day . The London Stock Exchange was notified on 28 April 2011 that the airport would close by the end of the year . Plymouth City Airport had a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence ( Number P687 ) that allowed flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction , and was part of the Strasser Scheme . The airport closed and ceased all operations on 23 December 2011 . Since that time it has been mothballed with the aviation infrastructure and navigation aids retained pending an attempt by the leaseholder to change the use of the site in planning so that it can be disposed of for residential development . As result of the announced closure a group from the Plymouth business community initiated a campaign to protect the airport site . The group known as Viable delivered a petition to the City Council with more than 38,000 signatures objecting to the Airport closure and asking the Council to protect the site . A full Council debate on the petition concluded with a unanimous vote in support of the airport 's retention ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Destinations", "section_text": "Air Southwest served the following destinations throughout operations : [ Base ] Base [ Seasonal ] Seasonal service", "uid": "Air_Southwest_0", "intro": "Air Southwest was a British airline founded by Sutton Harbour Holdings in 2003. Ownership was transferred to Eastern Airways in September 2010 but operations ceased 12 months later. It operated regional scheduled passenger services in the South West of England. Its main base was Plymouth City Airport, with hubs at Newquay Cornwall Airport and Bristol Airport. The airline employed 145 people and was headed by managing director Peter Davies and Deputy chief executive Mike Coombes. The company held a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, permitting it to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_West_Conference_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "title": "Big West Conference Men's Basketball Tournament", "header": [ "Year", "Winner", "Score", "Opponent", "MVP", "Venue" ], "data": [ { "value": "1976", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1976_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "Template:1975-76 PCAA men 's basketball standings The 1976 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Big West Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament ) was held March 6-7 at the Stockton Memorial Civic Auditorium in Stockton , California . This was the first edition of the tournament . San Diego State defeated Pacific in the championship game , 76-64 , to win their first PCAA/Big West men 's basketball tournament . The Aztecs , in turn , received a bid to the 1976 NCAA Tournament ." } ] }, { "value": "San Diego State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs_men's_basketball", "summary": "The San Diego State Aztecs men 's basketball team is the college basketball program that represents San Diego State University , located in San Diego , California . The school 's team currently competes in the Mountain West Conference , and play their home games in Viejas Arena . The team began play in 1921 and have been to 6 NAIA tournaments winning in 1941 , 3 NCAA Division II tournaments , 5 NIT tournaments , and 12 NCAA Division I tournaments . Since joining the Mountain West Conference , the Aztecs have won 5 MWC tournaments . Former players who went on to achieve notable success in other areas are Art Linkletter and Tony Gwynn ." } ] }, { "value": "76-64", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pacific", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pacific_Tigers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Pacific Tigers men 's basketball team represents the University of the Pacific . They are an NCAA Division I member , part of the West Coast Conference . The team is based in Stockton , California . They play their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center and are led by head coach Damon Stoudamire . On July 15 , 2013 , Pacific left the Big West Conference to rejoin the West Coast Conference . It had been a charter member of the WCC since 1952 , but left in 1971 to join the Pacific Coast Athletic Association , later renamed to the Big West Conference . In late 2015 , investigations into improper academic benefits being provided to basketball players began . On December 11 , the school placed head coach Ron Verlin and assistant coach Dwight Young on suspension . On December 18 , the school self imposed a postseason ban for 2016 and a reduction in scholarships due to the pending academic fraud investigations . On March 3 , 2016 , the school revealed that Verlin and Young were no longer employed by the university . On March 15 , 2016 , Pacific hired 13-year NBA veteran and 1996 NBA Rookie of the Year Damon Stoudamire as head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "None Selected", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stockton Civic Auditorium ( Stockton , California )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockton,_California", "summary": "Stockton is the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California . Stockton was founded by Captain Charles Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses . The city is named after Robert F. Stockton , and it was the first community in California to have a name not of Spanish or Native American origin . The city is located on the San Joaquin River in the northern San Joaquin Valley and had an estimated population of 311,178 by the California Department of Finance for 2018 . Stockton is the 13th largest city in California and the 63rd largest city in the United States . It was named an All-America City in 1999 , 2004 , 2015 and again in 2017 . Built during the California Gold Rush , Stockton 's seaport serves as a gateway to the Central Valley and beyond . It provided easy access for trade and transportation to the southern gold mines . The University of the Pacific ( UOP ) , chartered in 1851 , is the oldest university in California , and has been located in Stockton since 1923 . In 2012 Stockton filed for what was then the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history , which had multiple causes including financial mismanagement in the 1990s , generous fringe benefits to unionized city employees , and the 2008 financial crisis . Stockton successfully exited bankruptcy in February 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "1977", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1977_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1977 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Big West Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament ) was held March 2-6 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim , California . Long Beach State defeated San Jose State in the championship game , 76-63 , to win their first PCAA/Big West men 's basketball tournament . The 49ers , in turn , received a bid to the 1977 NCAA Tournament , where they lost to Idaho State in the first round ." } ] }, { "value": "Long Beach State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Long_Beach_State_49ers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Long Beach State Beach men 's basketball team represents California State University , Long Beach in Long Beach , California . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 2012 . The Beach are currently coached by Dan Monson . Long Beach State officially changed their nickname with the NCAA to Beach from 49ers prior to the 2019-20 season . In the 2006-07 season , the 49ers finished with a 24-8 ( 12-2 ) record , the Big West conference championship , and the school 's first trip to the NCAA tournament in 12 years . Star guard Aaron Nixon was named Big West player of the year , as well as being selected as an AP Honorable Mention All-American . In 2008 , the team began a three-year probation term , vacated 18 victories from their 2005-2006 season , and reduced scholarships and recruiting in order to keep eligibility for postseason play ." } ] }, { "value": "76-63", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Jose State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The San Jose State Spartans men 's basketball team represents San José State University in NCAA Division I college basketball as a member of the Mountain West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "None Selected", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anaheim Convention Center ( Anaheim , California )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anaheim_Convention_Center", "summary": "The Anaheim Convention Center is a major convention center in Anaheim , California . It is located across from the Disneyland Resort on Katella Avenue . The original components , designed by Adrian Wilson & Associates and built by Del E. Webb Corporation , opened in July 1967 - including a basketball arena followed shortly by the convention hall . It holds many events , like VidCon , BlizzCon , Anime Expo , D23 Expo , WonderCon , NAMM Show , competitions , and more . In addition to hosting various types of conventions , the Anaheim Convention Center was used to host the wrestling during the 1984 Summer Olympics . The center has subsequently undergone six major expansions ( 1974 , 1982 , 1990 , 1993 , 1999-2000 , 2016-2017 ) . It is the largest exhibit facility on the West Coast ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anaheim,_California", "summary": "Anaheim ( /ˈænəhaɪm/ ) is a city in Orange County , California , part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 336,265 , making it the most populous city in Orange County and the 10th-most populous city in California . Anaheim is the second-largest city in Orange County in terms of land area , and is known for being the home of the Disneyland Resort , the Anaheim Convention Center , and two major sports teams : the Anaheim Ducks ice hockey club and the Los Angeles Angels baseball team . Anaheim was founded by fifty German families in 1857 and incorporated as the second city in Los Angeles County on March 18 , 1876 ; Orange County was split off from Los Angeles County in 1889 . Anaheim remained largely an agricultural community until Disneyland opened in 1955 . This led to the construction of several hotels and motels around the area , and residential districts in Anaheim soon followed . The city also developed into an industrial center , producing electronics , aircraft parts and canned fruit . Anaheim is a charter city . Anaheim 's city limits extend almost the full width of Orange County , from Cypress in the west , twenty miles east to the Riverside County line in the east , encompass a diverse range of neighborhoods . In the west , mid-20th-century tract houses predominate . Downtown Anaheim has three mixed-use historic districts , the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony . South of downtown , a center of commercial activity of regional importance begins , the Anaheim-Santa Ana edge city , which stretches east and south into the cities of Orange , Santa Ana and Garden Grove ." } ] }, { "value": "1978", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1978_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The tournament field expanded again , this time increasing from six to seven teams ( Fresno State participated in its first PCAA tournament ) . Seven of the eight total PCAA members ( newcomer UC Irvine was not invited ) qualified for the event and were seeded based on regular season conference records . The top team earned a bye into the semifinal round while the remaining six teams entered into the preliminary first round ." } ] }, { "value": "Cal State Fullerton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Cal State Fullerton Titans men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents California State University , Fullerton in Fullerton , California , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "64-53", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Long Beach State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Long_Beach_State_49ers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Long Beach State Beach men 's basketball team represents California State University , Long Beach in Long Beach , California . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 2012 . The Beach are currently coached by Dan Monson . Long Beach State officially changed their nickname with the NCAA to Beach from 49ers prior to the 2019-20 season . In the 2006-07 season , the 49ers finished with a 24-8 ( 12-2 ) record , the Big West conference championship , and the school 's first trip to the NCAA tournament in 12 years . Star guard Aaron Nixon was named Big West player of the year , as well as being selected as an AP Honorable Mention All-American . In 2008 , the team began a three-year probation term , vacated 18 victories from their 2005-2006 season , and reduced scholarships and recruiting in order to keep eligibility for postseason play ." } ] }, { "value": "Greg Bunch , Cal State Fullerton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greg_Bunch", "summary": "Darnell Greg Bunch ( born May 15 , 1956 ) is a retired American basketball player . He was a 6 ' 6 190 lb forward . He played collegiately for the California State University , Fullerton . He was selected by the New York Knicks in the 2nd round ( 34th pick overall ) of the 1978 NBA Draft . He played for the Knicks during the 1978-79 NBA season for 12 games ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Cal State Fullerton Titans men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents California State University , Fullerton in Fullerton , California , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Anaheim Convention Center ( Anaheim , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1979", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1979_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The tournament field expanded once more , this time increasing from seven to eight teams ( UC Irvine and Utah State participated in their first PCAA tournament ) . Previous member San Diego State had departed for the Western Athletic Conference prior to the 1978-79 season . All eight PCAA members qualified for the event and were seeded based on regular season conference records . All teams began play in the tournament bracket 's first round ." } ] }, { "value": "Pacific", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pacific_Tigers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Pacific Tigers men 's basketball team represents the University of the Pacific . They are an NCAA Division I member , part of the West Coast Conference . The team is based in Stockton , California . They play their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center and are led by head coach Damon Stoudamire . On July 15 , 2013 , Pacific left the Big West Conference to rejoin the West Coast Conference . It had been a charter member of the WCC since 1952 , but left in 1971 to join the Pacific Coast Athletic Association , later renamed to the Big West Conference . In late 2015 , investigations into improper academic benefits being provided to basketball players began . On December 11 , the school placed head coach Ron Verlin and assistant coach Dwight Young on suspension . On December 18 , the school self imposed a postseason ban for 2016 and a reduction in scholarships due to the pending academic fraud investigations . On March 3 , 2016 , the school revealed that Verlin and Young were no longer employed by the university . On March 15 , 2016 , Pacific hired 13-year NBA veteran and 1996 NBA Rookie of the Year Damon Stoudamire as head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "82-73", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Utah State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Utah_State_Aggies_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Utah State Aggies are a Division I men 's college basketball team that plays in the Mountain West Conference , representing Utah State University . In the 17 years that former coach Stew Morrill was at the helm , Utah State had the 4th highest winning percentage in the nation at home , behind only Duke , Kansas , and Gonzaga . As of the end of the 2018-2019 season , the Aggies have an all-time record of 1,604 wins and 1,119 losses ( .589 win pct ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Ron Cornelius , Pacific", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pacific_Tigers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Pacific Tigers men 's basketball team represents the University of the Pacific . They are an NCAA Division I member , part of the West Coast Conference . The team is based in Stockton , California . They play their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center and are led by head coach Damon Stoudamire . On July 15 , 2013 , Pacific left the Big West Conference to rejoin the West Coast Conference . It had been a charter member of the WCC since 1952 , but left in 1971 to join the Pacific Coast Athletic Association , later renamed to the Big West Conference . In late 2015 , investigations into improper academic benefits being provided to basketball players began . On December 11 , the school placed head coach Ron Verlin and assistant coach Dwight Young on suspension . On December 18 , the school self imposed a postseason ban for 2016 and a reduction in scholarships due to the pending academic fraud investigations . On March 3 , 2016 , the school revealed that Verlin and Young were no longer employed by the university . On March 15 , 2016 , Pacific hired 13-year NBA veteran and 1996 NBA Rookie of the Year Damon Stoudamire as head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "Anaheim Convention Center ( Anaheim , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1980", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1980_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "After increasing to eight teams in 1979 , the tournament field decreased back to seven . PCAA member Fresno State did not participate . With only seven teams participating , the top-seeded team was given a bye into the semifinals while the remaining six teams were entered into the first round and seeded based on regular season conference records ." } ] }, { "value": "San Jose State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The San Jose State Spartans men 's basketball team represents San José State University in NCAA Division I college basketball as a member of the Mountain West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "57-55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Long Beach State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Long_Beach_State_49ers_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Long Beach State Beach men 's basketball team represents California State University , Long Beach in Long Beach , California . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 2012 . The Beach are currently coached by Dan Monson . Long Beach State officially changed their nickname with the NCAA to Beach from 49ers prior to the 2019-20 season . In the 2006-07 season , the 49ers finished with a 24-8 ( 12-2 ) record , the Big West conference championship , and the school 's first trip to the NCAA tournament in 12 years . Star guard Aaron Nixon was named Big West player of the year , as well as being selected as an AP Honorable Mention All-American . In 2008 , the team began a three-year probation term , vacated 18 victories from their 2005-2006 season , and reduced scholarships and recruiting in order to keep eligibility for postseason play ." } ] }, { "value": "Wally Rank , San Jose State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wally_Rank", "summary": "Wallace Aliifua Wally Rank ( born March 1 , 1958 ) is an American former professional basketball player . A 6 ' 6 guard-forward , Rank played college basketball for San Jose State University from 1977 to 1980 . He scored 1,432 points in his college career and set a school record for points in a game when he tallied 40 against California State University , Sacramento on January 3 , 1980 . In 1980 , Rank was selected by the San Diego Clippers with the 99th pick of the 1980 NBA draft . He played 25 games for the Clippers during the 1980-81 NBA season , scoring 55 points . He later played for Sacramora Rimini in Italy and Great Taste Coffee Makers in the Philippines . Rank is a Samoan American , and played for the Western Samoa national basketball team at the 1993 Oceania championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The San Jose State Spartans men 's basketball team represents San José State University in NCAA Division I college basketball as a member of the Mountain West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Anaheim Convention Center ( Anaheim , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1981", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1981_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The format remained the same as 1979 , with seven teams in the field . PCAA member UC Santa Barbara did not participate . Withseven teams participating , the top-seeded team was given a bye into the semifinals while the remaining six teams were entered into the first round and seeded based on regular season conference records ." } ] }, { "value": "Fresno State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Fresno State Bulldogs men 's basketball team represents California State University , Fresno , located in Fresno , California , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They play their home games at the Save Mart Center and since 2012-13 are members of the Mountain West Conference . Their current head coach is Justin Hutson . They were members of the Western Athletic Conference from 1992 to 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "52-48", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Jose State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The San Jose State Spartans men 's basketball team represents San José State University in NCAA Division I college basketball as a member of the Mountain West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Sid Williams , San Jose State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The San Jose State Spartans men 's basketball team represents San José State University in NCAA Division I college basketball as a member of the Mountain West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Anaheim Convention Center ( Anaheim , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1982", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1982_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The format remained the same as the 1981 tournament , with seven teams in the field . PCAA member UC Santa Barbara did not participate . Withseven teams participating , the top-seeded team was given a bye into the semifinals while the remaining six teams were entered into the first round and seeded based on regular season conference records ." } ] }, { "value": "Fresno State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Fresno State Bulldogs men 's basketball team represents California State University , Fresno , located in Fresno , California , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They play their home games at the Save Mart Center and since 2012-13 are members of the Mountain West Conference . Their current head coach is Justin Hutson . They were members of the Western Athletic Conference from 1992 to 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "69-57", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cal State Fullerton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Cal State Fullerton Titans men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents California State University , Fullerton in Fullerton , California , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Donald Mason , Fresno State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Fresno State Bulldogs men 's basketball team represents California State University , Fresno , located in Fresno , California , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They play their home games at the Save Mart Center and since 2012-13 are members of the Mountain West Conference . Their current head coach is Justin Hutson . They were members of the Western Athletic Conference from 1992 to 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Anaheim Convention Center ( Anaheim , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1983_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The tournament field increased by one from 1982 with the addition of UNLV to the PCAA . Nonetheless , conference member UC Santa Barbara again did not participate in the league tournament . With eight teams participating , all eight teams were placed into the first round , with teams seeded and paired based on regular-season records . After the first round , teams were re-seeded so the highest-remaining team was paired with the lowest-remaining time in one semifinal with the other two teams slotted into the other semifinal ." } ] }, { "value": "UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "66-63 ( OT )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fresno State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Fresno State Bulldogs men 's basketball team represents California State University , Fresno , located in Fresno , California , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They play their home games at the Save Mart Center and since 2012-13 are members of the Mountain West Conference . Their current head coach is Justin Hutson . They were members of the Western Athletic Conference from 1992 to 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sidney Green , UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sidney_Green_(basketball)", "summary": "Sidney Green ( born January 4 , 1961 ) is an American retired basketball player and former coach . He played college basketball for the UNLV Runnin ' Rebels and was drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) by the Chicago Bulls in 1983 . After a ten-year career in the NBA he went into college coaching . He now works as a Chicago Bulls team ambassador ." }, { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Inglewood Forum ( Inglewood , California )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Forum_(Inglewood)", "summary": "The Forum is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Inglewood , California , United States , adjacent to Los Angeles . Located between West Manchester Boulevard , across Pincay Drive and Kareem Court , it is north of the under-construction SoFi Stadium and the Hollywood Park Casino . It is about 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) east of Los Angeles International Airport ( LAX ) . Opening on December 30 , 1967 , the Forum was an unusual and groundbreaking structure . Architect Charles Luckman 's vision was brought to life by engineers Carl Johnson and Svend Nielsen , who were able to engineer the structure so that it had no major support pillars . This had previously been unheard of in an indoor arena the size of the Forum . The arena is visible on the landing approach to the LAX from the east . With Madison Square Garden , it was once one of the best-known indoor sports venues in the U.S . The Forum achieved its greatest fame as home to the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League from 1967 to 1999 , when the teams moved to Staples Center to join the Los Angeles Clippers ( who moved to Staples Center from the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena ) . The Forum was also the home of the WNBA 's Los Angeles Sparks from 1997 to their 2001 move to Staples Center . The Forum was the site of the 1972 and 1983 NBA All-Star Games , the 1981 NHL All-Star Game , 1984 Olympic basketball and hosted the Big West Conference ( from 1983 to 1988 ) and the 1989 Pacific-10 Conference men 's basketball tournaments . It was acquired in 2000 by the Faithful Central Bible Church , which used it for occasional church services and leased it for sporting events , concerts and other events ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Inglewood,_California", "summary": "Inglewood is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County , California , in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city had a population of 109,673 . It was incorporated on February 14 , 1908 . The city is in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County . The city will be the home to SoFi Stadium which is currently under construction and when completed in July 2020 , it will be the new home of both the National Football League 's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers ." } ] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1984_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1984 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Big West Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament ) was held March 8-10 at The Forum in Inglewood , California . Third-seeded Fresno State upset top-seeded , defending champions UNLV in the final , 51-49 , thus capturing their third PCAA/Big West title ( and third in four seasons ) . The Bulldogs , in turn , received a bid to the 1984 NCAA Tournament , the program 's third overall . UNLV , PCAA tournament runners-up , were also included in the NCAA field ." } ] }, { "value": "Fresno State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Fresno State Bulldogs men 's basketball team represents California State University , Fresno , located in Fresno , California , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They play their home games at the Save Mart Center and since 2012-13 are members of the Mountain West Conference . Their current head coach is Justin Hutson . They were members of the Western Athletic Conference from 1992 to 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "51-49", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Richie Adams , UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richie_Adams", "summary": "Richie Adams ( born March 15 , 1963 ) is an American known for his college basketball career at the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) as well as for his manslaughter conviction of a 15-year-old girl later in his life ." }, { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Inglewood Forum ( Inglewood , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1985", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1985_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1985 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Big West Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament ) was held March 5-7 at The Forum in Inglewood , California . Top-seeded UNLV defeated Cal State Fullerton in the final , 79-61 , thus capturing their second PCAA/Big West title ( and second in three seasons ) . The Runnin ' Rebels , in turn , received a bid to the 1985 NCAA Tournament , the program 's sixth overall ." } ] }, { "value": "UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "79-61", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cal State Fullerton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Cal State Fullerton Titans men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents California State University , Fullerton in Fullerton , California , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Big West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Richie Adams , UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richie_Adams", "summary": "Richie Adams ( born March 15 , 1963 ) is an American known for his college basketball career at the University of Nevada , Las Vegas ( UNLV ) as well as for his manslaughter conviction of a 15-year-old girl later in his life ." }, { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Inglewood Forum ( Inglewood , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1986", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1986_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1986 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Big West Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament ) was held March 6-8 at The Forum in Inglewood , California . Top-seeded UNLV defended their title and defeated New Mexico State in the final , 75-55 , and captured their third PCAA/Big West championship ( and third in four seasons ) . The Runnin ' Rebels , in turn , received a bid to the 1986 NCAA Tournament , their seventh in program history , and advanced to the Sweet Sixteen ." } ] }, { "value": "UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "75-55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Mexico State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Aggies_men's_basketball", "summary": "The New Mexico State Aggies men 's basketball team represents New Mexico State University in Las Cruces , New Mexico . Founded in 1904 , the Aggies currently compete in the Western Athletic Conference and last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 2019 . The Aggies are one of 34 college basketball teams with multiple NBA retired jerseys from former players ( Sam Lacey and John Williamson ) and a team that reached the NCAA Final Four ( in 1970 ) . The team plays home games in the Pan American Center . The Aggies ' head coach is Chris Jans . A Lou Henson-coached team gained national attention during the 1970 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament by advancing to the Final Four . And in 1992 a Neil McCarthy-coached team advanced to the Sweet Sixteen , though that appearance has since been vacated . Aggie Basketball has seen 24 NCAA Tournament appearances , 5 NIT Tournament appearances , 15 regular season conference championships , and 9 conference tournament championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Anthony Jones , UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anthony_Jones_(basketball,_born_1962)", "summary": "Anthony Hamilton Jones ( born September 13 , 1962 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He was a 6 ' 6 ( 198 cm ) 195 lb ( 89 kg ) guard and played collegiately at Georgetown University from 1981 to 1983 , and at University of Nevada , Las Vegas from 1984 to 1986 . He played in the NBA from 1986 to 1990 . Jones was selected with the 21st pick of the first round in the 1986 NBA draft by the Washington Bullets . He played for the Bullets , Chicago Bulls , San Antonio Spurs , and Dallas Mavericks . He also played in Italy for Libertas Livorno , and in the USBL and WBL ." }, { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Inglewood Forum ( Inglewood , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1987", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1987_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1987 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Big West Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament ) was held March 5-7 at The Forum in Inglewood , California . Top-seeded , two-time defending champions UNLV defeated San José State in the final , 94-69 , and captured their fourth PCAA/Big West championship ( and fourth in five seasons ) . The Runnin ' Rebels , in turn , received a bid to the 1987 NCAA Tournament , where they advanced to the Final Four ." } ] }, { "value": "UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1986–87_UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball_team", "summary": "The 1986-87 UNLV Runnin ' Rebels basketball team represented the University of Nevada Las Vegas in NCAA Division I men 's competition in the 1986-87 season under head coach Jerry Tarkanian . The team played its home games in the Thomas & Mack Center , and was a member of the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , now known as the Big West Conference ; it would join the Western Athletic Conference in 1996 and become a charter member of its current conference , the Mountain West Conference , in 1999 . The nickname Runnin ' Rebels is unique to men 's basketball at UNLV . The default nickname for men 's sports teams at the school is simply Rebels , while all women 's teams are known as Lady Rebels ." } ] }, { "value": "94-69", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Jose State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", "summary": "The San Jose State Spartans men 's basketball team represents San José State University in NCAA Division I college basketball as a member of the Mountain West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Freddie Banks , UNLV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Freddie_Banks", "summary": "Freddie Banks ( born March 6 , 1965 ) is an American former collegiate and professional basketball player . Banks attended the University of Nevada , Las Vegas and is a member of the UNLV Athletics Hall of Fame . Banks was the first pick of the second round ( # 24 overall ) of the 1987 NBA Draft by the Detroit Pistons ." }, { "url": "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball", "summary": "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Inglewood Forum ( Inglewood , California )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1988", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1988_Pacific_Coast_Athletic_Association_Men's_Basketball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1988 Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men 's Basketball Tournament ( now known as the Big West Conference Men 's Basketball Tournament ) was held March 10-13 at The Forum in Inglewood , California . This was the final tournament while the conference was still known as the PCAA ; it would change to the Big West for the following season . Utah State defeated UC Irvine in the final , 86-79 , and captured their first PCAA/Big West championship . The fifth-seeded Anteaters upset three-time defending champions UNLV in the semifinal round . The Aggies , in turn , received an automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Tournament . Fellow PCAA members UNLV and UC Santa Barbara ( the Gauchos ' first-ever tournament appearance ) joined them in the field with at-large bids ." } ] }, { "value": "Utah State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Utah_State_Aggies_men's_basketball", "summary": "The Utah State Aggies are a Division I men 's college basketball team that plays in the Mountain West Conference , representing Utah State University . In the 17 years that former coach Stew Morrill was at the helm , Utah State had the 4th highest winning percentage in the nation at home , behind only Duke , Kansas , and Gonzaga . As of the end of the 2018-2019 season , the Aggies have an all-time record of 1,604 wins and 1,119 losses ( .589 win pct ) ." } ] }, { "value": "86-79", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UC Irvine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UC_Irvine_Anteaters_men's_basketball", "summary": "The UC Irvine Anteaters men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents the University of California , Irvine . The team currently competes in the Big West Conference , NCAA Division I. UC Irvine basketball is in its ninth year under current head coach Russell Turner . Turner was an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors , before accepting the head coaching role at UCI in 2010 . The Anteaters ' main rivals are the 49ers of Long Beach State . Program alumni include Washington Wizards head coach Scott Brooks and Cleveland Browns tight end Darren Fells ." } ] }, { "value": "Wayne Englestad , UC Irvine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wayne_Englestad", "summary": "Wayne Edward Englestad ( born December 6 , 1966 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . Born in Rosemead , California , he was a 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 cm ) 245 lb ( 111 kg ) forward and played collegiately at the University of California , Irvine . He played for the Denver Nuggets for 11 games in 1988-89 , averaging 2.5 points and 1.5 rebounds per contest . He also played in Portugal and with the Hobart Tassie Devils in the Australian NBL in 1991 , averaging 18 points per game in 24 contests . Engelstad 's daughter Sabrina played in the 2013-2014 season at Saint Mary 's before transferring to UC Irvine for the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons ." }, { "url": "/wiki/UC_Irvine_Anteaters_men's_basketball", "summary": "The UC Irvine Anteaters men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represents the University of California , Irvine . The team currently competes in the Big West Conference , NCAA Division I. UC Irvine basketball is in its ninth year under current head coach Russell Turner . Turner was an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors , before accepting the head coaching role at UCI in 2010 . The Anteaters ' main rivals are the 49ers of Long Beach State . Program alumni include Washington Wizards head coach Scott Brooks and Cleveland Browns tight end Darren Fells ." } ] }, { "value": "Inglewood Forum ( Inglewood , California )", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Results -- Pacific Coast Athletic Association", "section_text": "", "uid": "Big_West_Conference_Men's_Basketball_Tournament_0", "intro": "The Big West Men's Basketball Tournament (formerly the Pacific Coast Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament) is the conference championship tournament in basketball for the Big West Conference. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records. Only the top eight teams in the conference qualify for the tournament. The winner receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. Prior to 1985, it was known as the PCAA (Pacific Coast Athletic Association) Tournament for the conference's former name." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_Coalition", "title": "Bowl Coalition", "header": [ "Appearances", "School", "W", "L", "Pct", "Games" ], "data": [ { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_State_Seminoles_football", "summary": "The Florida State Seminoles football team represents Florida State University ( variously Florida State or FSU ) in the sport of American football . The Seminoles compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The team is known for its storied history , distinctive helmet , fight song and colors as well as the many traditions associated with the school . Florida State has won three national championships , eighteen conference titles and six division titles along with a playoff appearance . The Seminoles have achieved three undefeated seasons , finished ranked in the top four of the AP Poll for 14 straight years from 1987 through 2000 and completed 41 straight winning seasons from 1977 through 2017 ; from 2012 through 2014 , the team won 29 consecutive games , tied for the twelfth-longest winning streak in college football and tied for the longest winning streak in ACC history . The 1999 team received votes from ESPN as one of the top teams in college football history . The team has produced three Heisman Trophy winners : quarterbacks Charlie Ward in 1993 , Chris Weinke in 2000 and Jameis Winston in 2013 . The Biletnikoff Award , presented annually to the top receiver in college football , is named for Florida State hall of famer Fred Biletnikoff . Other awards won by Florida State players include the Walter Camp Award , the Maxwell Award , the Davey O'Brien Award , the Lombardi Award , the Dick Butkus Award , the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award , the Lou Groza Award , the Dave Rimington Trophy and the Bobby Bowden Award . Florida State coaches have been honored with the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award , the Walter Camp Coach of the Year Award , the Home Depot Coach of the Year Award , the Broyles Award , and the Paul Bear Bryant Award . Many former Seminoles have gone on to have successful careers in the NFL . The program has produced 219 All-Americans ( 45 consensus and 15 unanimous ) and 250 professional players ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1993 Orange Bowl Won 1994 Orange Bowl + Won 1995 Sugar Bowl ( January )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Orange_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1993 . This 59th edition to the Orange Bowl featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers , and the Florida State Seminoles . Nebraska came into the game ranked number 11 at 9-2 . Florida State entered the game ranked number 3 at 10-1 . In the first quarter , FSU quarterback Charlie Ward found wide receiver Tamarick Vanover for a 25-yard touchdown pass and a 7-0 Seminole lead . FSU 's placekicker Dan Mowerey nailed a 41-yard field goal in the second quarter to give Florida State a 10-0 lead . Florida State 's Charlie Ward threw a second touchdown pass to give Florida State a 17-0 second quarter lead . Dan Mowerey added 1 24-yard field goal with 2:34 left in the half to give FSU a 20-0 lead . Tommie Frazier threw a 41-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Corey Dixon with just over a minute in the half to make the halftime score 20-7 FSU . Late in the third quarter , Florida State 's Sean Jackson took a handoff , and rushed 11 yards for a touchdown giving FSU a 27-7 lead . Tommie Frazier threw a 1-yard touchdown pass to Gerald Armstrong in the fourth quarter to make the margin 27-14 , but the Cornhuskers would get no closer . Florida State held on for a 27-14 win ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Orange_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1994 . The contest was the Bowl Coalition National Championship Game for the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season . This 60th edition to the Orange Bowl featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight Conference and the Florida State Seminoles of the Atlantic Coast Conference ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1995_Sugar_Bowl_(January)", "summary": "The 1995 Sugar Bowl ( January ) was the 9th Sugar Bowl played on January 2 ( since January 1 fell on a Sunday ) and only the 13th to not be played on January 1st . This was the 61st held Sugar Bowl , and it was the postseason game for the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The game was a bowl rematch between the Florida Gators and the Florida State Seminoles who had played each other in the regular season on November 26 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_Gators_football", "summary": "The Florida Gators football program represents the University of Florida in American college football . Florida competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . They play their home games in Steve Spurrier-Florida Field at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium ( nicknamed The Swamp ) on the university 's Gainesville campus . The team 's current head coach is Dan Mullen . The Gators have won three national championships and eight SEC titles in the 112-season history of Florida football ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".666", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1992 Gator Bowl Won 1994 Sugar Bowl Lost 1995 Sugar Bowl ( January )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Gator_Bowl", "summary": "The 1992 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 31 , 1992 , at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville , Florida . The game matched the Florida Gators against the NC State Wolfpack . It was the final contest of the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams . It was the first of three Gator Bowls sponsored by Outback Steakhouse ; thus , the game was also known as the 1992 Outback Gator Bowl . The game ended in a 27-10 victory for the Gators ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Sugar_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 Sugar Bowl took place on January 1 , 1994 , in the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana between the Florida Gators , the champions of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) , and West Virginia Mountaineers , winners of the Big East Conference . The Mountaineers came into the game undefeated , with a shot at a share of the national title , while Florida came in 10-2 and ranked # 8 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1995_Sugar_Bowl_(January)", "summary": "The 1995 Sugar Bowl ( January ) was the 9th Sugar Bowl played on January 2 ( since January 1 fell on a Sunday ) and only the 13th to not be played on January 1st . This was the 61st held Sugar Bowl , and it was the postseason game for the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season . The game was a bowl rematch between the Florida Gators and the Florida State Seminoles who had played each other in the regular season on November 26 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Notre Dame", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football", "summary": "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame , Indiana . The team is currently coached by Brian Kelly and plays its home games at the campus 's Notre Dame Stadium , which has a capacity of 77,622 . Notre Dame is one of six schools that competes as an Independent at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision level ; however , they play five games a year against opponents from the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) , of which Notre Dame is a member in all other sports except ice hockey . The school claims 11 national championships , but the NCAA recognizes the school with 13 . Moreover , Notre Dame has 21 national championships recognized by all major selectors ; this is tied with Alabama for the most in the FBS . Notre Dame , Oklahoma and Ohio State share the record of seven Heisman Trophy winners . Notre Dame has produced 101 consensus All-Americans , 34 unanimous All-Americans , 52 members of the College Football Hall of Fame , and 13 members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame , all NCAA records . [ not verified in body ] Notre Dame has had 495 players selected in the NFL Draft , second only to USC . All Notre Dame home games have been televised by NBC since 1991 , and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract . It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout , and it has one of the largest , most widespread fan bases in college football . These factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country , which allows the school to remain an independent ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".666", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1993 Cotton Bowl Classic Won 1994 Cotton Bowl Classic Lost 1995 Fiesta Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Cotton_Bowl_Classic", "summary": "The 1993 Mobil Cotton Bowl Classic was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1993 , at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas , Texas . The bowl game featured the Notre Dame Fighting Irish versus the Southwest Conference champions , Texas A & M . Notre Dame upset the previously undefeated Aggies in a 28-3 victory ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Cotton_Bowl_Classic", "summary": "The 1994 Mobil Cotton Bowl Classic was the fifty-eighth edition of the college football bowl game , played January 1 , 1994 , at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas , Texas . The game featured the Notre Dame Fighting Irish versus the Southwest Conference champion Texas A & M Aggies . The game was a rematch of the 1993 Cotton Bowl , which Notre Dame also won . Furthermore , Notre Dame had the chance with its win to split the national championship with Florida State , whom they had beaten earlier in the season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1995_Fiesta_Bowl", "summary": "The 1995 IBM OS/2 Fiesta Bowl , played on January 2 , 1995 , was the 24th edition of the Fiesta Bowl . The game featured the Colorado Buffaloes and Notre Dame Fighting Irish ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nebraska", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nebraska_Cornhuskers_football", "summary": "The Nebraska Cornhuskers football team competes as part of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision , representing the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in the West Division of the Big Ten . Nebraska plays its home games at Memorial Stadium , where it has sold out every game since 1962 . The team is currently coached by Scott Frost . Nebraska is among the most storied programs in college football history . As of 2014 , the Cornhuskers trail only Michigan , Ohio State , and Texas in all-time victories among FBS teams , and have won more games against Power Five opponents than any other program . Nebraska claims 46 conference championships and five national championships ( 1970 , 1971 , 1994 , 1995 , and 1997 ) , and has won nine other national championships that the school does not claim . NU 's 1971 and 1995 title-winning teams are considered by many to be among the best in college football history . Famous Cornhuskers include Heisman Trophy winners Johnny Rodgers , Mike Rozier , and Eric Crouch . Rodgers and Rozier join 22 other Cornhuskers in the College Football Hall of Fame . Notable among these are players Bob Brown , Guy Chamberlin , Tommie Frazier , Rich Glover , Dave Rimington , and Will Shields , and coaches Bob Devaney and Tom Osborne . The program 's first extended period of success came just after the turn of the century . Between 1900 and 1916 , Nebraska had five undefeated seasons and completed a stretch of 34 consecutive games without a loss , still a program record ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.333", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1993 Orange Bowl Lost 1994 Orange Bowl + Won 1995 Orange Bowl +", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Orange_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1993 . This 59th edition to the Orange Bowl featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers , and the Florida State Seminoles . Nebraska came into the game ranked number 11 at 9-2 . Florida State entered the game ranked number 3 at 10-1 . In the first quarter , FSU quarterback Charlie Ward found wide receiver Tamarick Vanover for a 25-yard touchdown pass and a 7-0 Seminole lead . FSU 's placekicker Dan Mowerey nailed a 41-yard field goal in the second quarter to give Florida State a 10-0 lead . Florida State 's Charlie Ward threw a second touchdown pass to give Florida State a 17-0 second quarter lead . Dan Mowerey added 1 24-yard field goal with 2:34 left in the half to give FSU a 20-0 lead . Tommie Frazier threw a 41-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Corey Dixon with just over a minute in the half to make the halftime score 20-7 FSU . Late in the third quarter , Florida State 's Sean Jackson took a handoff , and rushed 11 yards for a touchdown giving FSU a 27-7 lead . Tommie Frazier threw a 1-yard touchdown pass to Gerald Armstrong in the fourth quarter to make the margin 27-14 , but the Cornhuskers would get no closer . Florida State held on for a 27-14 win ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Orange_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1994 . The contest was the Bowl Coalition National Championship Game for the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season . This 60th edition to the Orange Bowl featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight Conference and the Florida State Seminoles of the Atlantic Coast Conference ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1995_Orange_Bowl", "summary": "The 1995 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1995 , as the 61st edition of the Orange Bowl and the national championship game for the 1994 season . It featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight and the Miami Hurricanes of the Big East . The game was a rematch of the historic 1984 Orange Bowl . As of 2020 , the 1995 Orange Bowl holds the record for Orange Bowl attendance at 81,753 . Although this was the Bowl Coalition 's National Championship Game , it was a match-up of the first and third-ranked teams in the country , as second-ranked Penn State was obligated to play in the 1995 Rose Bowl as the Big Ten champion ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miami ( FL )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami_Hurricanes_football", "summary": "The Miami Hurricanes football team represents the University of Miami in the sport of American football . The Hurricanes compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The program began in 1926 and has won five AP national championships ( 1983 , 1987 , 1989 , 1991 , 2001 ) . The Miami Hurricanes are among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history . Miami is ranked fourth on the list of All-time Associated Press National Poll Championships , tied with Southern California and Ohio State and behind Alabama , Notre Dame , and Oklahoma . Miami also holds a number of NFL Draft records , including most first-round selections in a single draft and most consecutive drafts with at least one first-round selection . Two Hurricanes have won the Heisman Trophy and nine have been inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame . The team plays its home games at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens , Florida . The Hurricanes ' head coach is Manny Diaz ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1993 Sugar Bowl + Lost 1994 Fiesta Bowl Lost 1995 Orange Bowl +", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Sugar_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Sugar Bowl took place on January 1 , 1993 , in the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . It was the final game of the 1992 college football season and served as the first ever National Championship game selected by the Bowl Coalition , predecessor to the Bowl Alliance and later the Bowl Championship Series . The game featured two unbeaten teams in the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Miami Hurricanes ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Fiesta_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 IBM OS/2 Fiesta Bowl , played on January 1 , 1994 , was the 23rd edition of the Fiesta Bowl . The game featured the Arizona Wildcats , and the Miami Hurricanes . The game featured the only shutout in Fiesta Bowl history , as Arizona shut-out Miami . The shutout loss was the first for Miami in 168 games , since they lost 30-0 to Alabama on November 17 , 1979 . The scoring started with Dan White throwing a 13-yard touchdown pass to Troy Dickey . The ensuing extra point failed , and Arizona settled for a 6-0 lead . Kicker Steve McLaughlin kicked a 39-yard field goal to increase the lead to 9-0 , at the end of the 1st quarter . Late in the second quarter , running back Chuck Levy scored on a 68-yard touchdown run to increase the lead to 16-0 . In the third quarter , McLaughlin added two field goals of 31 and 21 yards respectively , as the Wildcats opened up a 22-0 lead . In the 4th quarter , White connected with Dickey again for a 13-yard touchdown , to provide the final margin . Arizona gained revenge for an 8-7 Miami win the previous year , when McLaughlin missed a last second 51-yard field goal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1995_Orange_Bowl", "summary": "The 1995 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1995 , as the 61st edition of the Orange Bowl and the national championship game for the 1994 season . It featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Eight and the Miami Hurricanes of the Big East . The game was a rematch of the historic 1984 Orange Bowl . As of 2020 , the 1995 Orange Bowl holds the record for Orange Bowl attendance at 81,753 . Although this was the Bowl Coalition 's National Championship Game , it was a match-up of the first and third-ranked teams in the country , as second-ranked Penn State was obligated to play in the 1995 Rose Bowl as the Big Ten champion ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alabama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football", "summary": "The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama ( variously Alabama , UA , or Bama ) in the sport of American football . The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The team is currently coached by Nick Saban . The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history . Since beginning play in 1892 , the program claims 17 national championships , including 12 wire-service ( AP or Coaches ) national titles in the poll-era , and five other titles before the poll-era . From 1958 to 1982 , the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul Bear Bryant , who won six national championships with the program . Despite numerous national and conference championships , it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy , when running back Mark Ingram became the university 's first winner . In 2015 , Derrick Henry became the university 's second Heisman winner . Alabama has 916 official victories [ a ] [ b ] in NCAA Division I ( an additional 21 victories were vacated , and eight victories and one tie were forfeited ) , has won 31 conference championships ( 4 Southern Conference and 27 SEC championships ) , and has made an NCAA-record 71 postseason bowl appearances . Other NCAA records include 23 winning streaks of ten games or more and 19 seasons with a 10-0 start . The program has 34 seasons with ten wins or more ( plus one vacated ) and has 41 [ b ] bowl victories , both NCAA records . Alabama has completed ten undefeated seasons , nine of which were perfect seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1993 Sugar Bowl + Won 1993 Gator Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Sugar_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Sugar Bowl took place on January 1 , 1993 , in the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . It was the final game of the 1992 college football season and served as the first ever National Championship game selected by the Bowl Coalition , predecessor to the Bowl Alliance and later the Bowl Championship Series . The game featured two unbeaten teams in the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Miami Hurricanes ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1993_Gator_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Gator Bowl , a bowl game during the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season , took place on December 31 , 1993 , at the Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville , Florida . The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide , representing the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) , and the North Carolina Tar Heels , representing the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Alabama won the game 24-10 . With sponsorship by Outback Steakhouse , the game was officially known as the Outback Gator Bowl ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arizona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_Wildcats_football", "summary": "The Arizona Wildcats football program represents the University of Arizona in the sport of American college football . Arizona competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference ( Pac-12 ) . Arizona officially began competing in intercollegiate football in 1889 . The school joined the Pac-10 Conference in 1978 alongside rival Arizona State , and became a member of the Pac-12 South Division when the conference realigned in 2011 . Arizona has won six conference championships , including the 1993 Pac-10 title , and have appeared in 21 bowl games . Arizona 's home stadium is Arizona Stadium , which opened in 1939 and has a capacity of 50,782 . Arizona 's archrival is in-state foe Arizona State Sun Devils . The Wildcats and Sun Devils meet annually in the Territorial Cup . As heading into the 2019 season , Arizona 's all-time record is 618-452-33 ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1992 John Hancock Bowl Won 1994 Fiesta Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_John_Hancock_Bowl", "summary": "The 1992 John Hancock Bowl was college football bowl game played on December 31 , 1992 at Sun Bowl Stadium in El Paso , Texas . The game pitted the Baylor Bears against the Arizona Wildcats . It was final contest of the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams , and ended in a 20-15 victory for Baylor . It was also the final game for Grant Teaff , the long-time Baylor coach , who previously announced his retirement ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Fiesta_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 IBM OS/2 Fiesta Bowl , played on January 1 , 1994 , was the 23rd edition of the Fiesta Bowl . The game featured the Arizona Wildcats , and the Miami Hurricanes . The game featured the only shutout in Fiesta Bowl history , as Arizona shut-out Miami . The shutout loss was the first for Miami in 168 games , since they lost 30-0 to Alabama on November 17 , 1979 . The scoring started with Dan White throwing a 13-yard touchdown pass to Troy Dickey . The ensuing extra point failed , and Arizona settled for a 6-0 lead . Kicker Steve McLaughlin kicked a 39-yard field goal to increase the lead to 9-0 , at the end of the 1st quarter . Late in the second quarter , running back Chuck Levy scored on a 68-yard touchdown run to increase the lead to 16-0 . In the third quarter , McLaughlin added two field goals of 31 and 21 yards respectively , as the Wildcats opened up a 22-0 lead . In the 4th quarter , White connected with Dickey again for a 13-yard touchdown , to provide the final margin . Arizona gained revenge for an 8-7 Miami win the previous year , when McLaughlin missed a last second 51-yard field goal ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colorado", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colorado_Buffaloes_football", "summary": "The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level . The team is currently a member of the Pac-12 Conference , having previously been a charter member of the Big 12 Conference . Before joining the Big 12 , they were members of the Big Eight Conference . The CU football team has played at Folsom Field since 1924 . The Buffs all-time record is 694-493-36 ( .583 winning percentage ) prior to the Valero Alamo Bowl at the end of the 2016 season . Colorado won a National Championship in 1990 . The football program is 23rd on the all-time win list and 30th in all-time winning percentage ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1993 Fiesta Bowl Won 1994 Fiesta Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Fiesta_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 IBM OS/2 Fiesta Bowl , played on January 1 , 1993 , was the 22nd edition of the Fiesta Bowl . The game featured the Colorado Buffaloes and the Syracuse Orangemen ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Fiesta_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 IBM OS/2 Fiesta Bowl , played on January 1 , 1994 , was the 23rd edition of the Fiesta Bowl . The game featured the Arizona Wildcats , and the Miami Hurricanes . The game featured the only shutout in Fiesta Bowl history , as Arizona shut-out Miami . The shutout loss was the first for Miami in 168 games , since they lost 30-0 to Alabama on November 17 , 1979 . The scoring started with Dan White throwing a 13-yard touchdown pass to Troy Dickey . The ensuing extra point failed , and Arizona settled for a 6-0 lead . Kicker Steve McLaughlin kicked a 39-yard field goal to increase the lead to 9-0 , at the end of the 1st quarter . Late in the second quarter , running back Chuck Levy scored on a 68-yard touchdown run to increase the lead to 16-0 . In the third quarter , McLaughlin added two field goals of 31 and 21 yards respectively , as the Wildcats opened up a 22-0 lead . In the 4th quarter , White connected with Dickey again for a 13-yard touchdown , to provide the final margin . Arizona gained revenge for an 8-7 Miami win the previous year , when McLaughlin missed a last second 51-yard field goal ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "North Carolina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tarheels_football", "summary": "The North Carolina Tar Heels football team represents the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the sport of American football . The Tar Heels play in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . North Carolina has played in 34 bowl games in its history and won three Southern Conference championships and five Atlantic Coast Conference titles . Thirty Tar Heel players have been honored as first-team All-Americas on 38 occasions . Carolina had 32 All-Southern Conference selections when it played in that league until 1952 and since joining the ACC in 1953 , has had 174 first-team All-ACC choices . Since joining the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953 , the team has won five conference championships , with the most recent title coming in 1980 . One very important contribution to the game of football by Carolina is the modern use of the forward pass ; they were the first college team to use the play in 1895 . Bob Quincy notes in his 1973 book They Made the Bell Tower Chime : John Heisman , a noted historian , wrote 30 years later that , indeed , the Tar Heels had given birth to the forward pass against the Bulldogs ( UGA ) . It was conceived to break a scoreless deadlock and give UNC a 6-0 win . The Tar Heels were in a punting situation and a Georgia rush seemed destined to block the ball . The punter , with an impromptu dash to his right , tossed the ball and it was caught by George Stephens , who ran 70 yards for a touchdown . The program has long been overshadowed by the school 's powerhouse men 's basketball team ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1993 Gator Bowl Lost 1994 Sun Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Gator_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Gator Bowl , a bowl game during the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season , took place on December 31 , 1993 , at the Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville , Florida . The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide , representing the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) , and the North Carolina Tar Heels , representing the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Alabama won the game 24-10 . With sponsorship by Outback Steakhouse , the game was officially known as the Outback Gator Bowl ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Sun_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 Sun Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 29 , 1994 . The game pitted the unranked Texas Longhorns against the No . 19 North Carolina Tar Heels . The Tar Heels were led by eventual Texas head coach Mack Brown . The game was a seesaw offensive battle . Texas , down 31-21 midway through the fourth quarter , mounted a comeback to gain a 35-31 victory , with Priest Holmes 's leap into the endzone proving to be the winning points . A record 50,612 attended this game , a high for both the bowl and the stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Texas A & M", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Texas_A&M_Aggies_football", "summary": "The Texas A & M Aggies football program represents Texas A & M University in the sport of American football . The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . Texas A & M football claims three national titles and eighteen conference titles . The team plays all home games at the newly redeveloped Kyle Field , a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus . Jimbo Fisher is currently the team 's head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1993 Cotton Bowl Classic Lost 1994 Cotton Bowl Classic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Cotton_Bowl_Classic", "summary": "The 1993 Mobil Cotton Bowl Classic was a college football bowl game played on January 1 , 1993 , at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas , Texas . The bowl game featured the Notre Dame Fighting Irish versus the Southwest Conference champions , Texas A & M . Notre Dame upset the previously undefeated Aggies in a 28-3 victory ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1994_Cotton_Bowl_Classic", "summary": "The 1994 Mobil Cotton Bowl Classic was the fifty-eighth edition of the college football bowl game , played January 1 , 1994 , at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas , Texas . The game featured the Notre Dame Fighting Irish versus the Southwest Conference champion Texas A & M Aggies . The game was a rematch of the 1993 Cotton Bowl , which Notre Dame also won . Furthermore , Notre Dame had the chance with its win to split the national championship with Florida State , whom they had beaten earlier in the season ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Texas Tech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_football", "summary": "The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University ( variously Texas Tech or TTU ) . The team competes , as a member of the Big 12 Conference , which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly Division I-A ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record , including a total of 11 conference titles and one division title . On November 30 , 2018 , Matt Wells was hired as the team 's 16th head football coach after former Red Raiders quarterback Kliff Kingsbury was terminated upon conclusion of the 2018 season . Home games are played at Jones AT & T Stadium in Lubbock , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1993 John Hancock Bowl Lost 1995 Cotton Bowl Classic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_John_Hancock_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 John Hancock Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Texas Tech Red Raiders and the Oklahoma Sooners ." }, { "url": "/wiki/1995_Cotton_Bowl_Classic", "summary": "The 1995 Mobil Cotton Bowl was the 59th Cotton Bowl Classic . The USC Trojans defeated the Texas Tech Red Raiders , 55-14 . The Trojans took a 21-0 lead less than ten minutes into the game and led 34-0 at halftime . USC wide receiver Keyshawn Johnson , who finished with eight catches for a Cotton Bowl-record 222 yards and three touchdowns , was named offensive MVP . Trojan cornerback John Herpin had two interceptions , one for a touchdown , and was named defensive MVP . The game was televised nationally by NBC for the third consecutive year . The Cotton Bowl Classic would return to its longtime television home , CBS , the next year . It was also the last year that Mobil served as the game 's title sponsor ; the following year , the Cotton Bowl organizers began a seventeen-year relationship with what is now AT & T ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Baylor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Baylor_Bears_football", "summary": "The Baylor Bears football team represents Baylor University in Division I FBS college football . They are a member of the Big 12 Conference . After 64 seasons at the off-campus Baylor Stadium , renamed Floyd Casey Stadium in 1989 , the Bears opened the new on-campus McLane Stadium known as The House That RG3 Built , for the 2014 season ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1992 John Hancock Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_John_Hancock_Bowl", "summary": "The 1992 John Hancock Bowl was college football bowl game played on December 31 , 1992 at Sun Bowl Stadium in El Paso , Texas . The game pitted the Baylor Bears against the Arizona Wildcats . It was final contest of the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams , and ended in a 20-15 victory for Baylor . It was also the final game for Grant Teaff , the long-time Baylor coach , who previously announced his retirement ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oklahoma", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oklahoma_Sooners_football", "summary": "The Oklahoma Sooners football program is a college football team that represents the University of Oklahoma ( variously Oklahoma or OU ) . The team is a member of the Big 12 Conference , which is in Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly Division I-A ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The program began in 1895 and is one of the most successful programs since World War II with the most wins ( 606 ) and the highest winning percentage ( .762 ) since 1945 . The program claims 7 national championships , 49 conference championships , 162 First Team All-Americans ( 80 consensus ) , and seven Heisman Trophy winners . In addition , the school has had 23 members ( five coaches and 18 players ) inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and holds the record for the longest winning streak in Division I history with 47 straight victories . Oklahoma is also the only program that has had four coaches with 100+ wins . They became the sixth NCAA FBS team to win 900 games when they defeated the Texas Tech Red Raiders on September 28 , 2019 . The Sooners play their home games at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman , Oklahoma . Lincoln Riley is currently the team 's head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1993 John Hancock Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_John_Hancock_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 John Hancock Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Texas Tech Red Raiders and the Oklahoma Sooners ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stanford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_football", "summary": "The Stanford Cardinal football program represents Stanford University in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference 's North Division . Stanford has a highly successful football tradition . The team is currently known as the Cardinal , adopted prior to the 1982 season . Stanford was known as the Indians from 1930 to January 1972 , and the Cardinals from 1972 through 1981 . A student vote in December 1975 to change the nickname to Robber Barons was not approved by administrators . Stanford has fielded football teams every year since 1892 with a few exceptions . Like a number of other teams from the era concerned with violence in the sport , the school dropped football in favor of rugby from 1906 to 1917 . The school also did not field a team in 1918 ( due to World War I ) or in 1943 , 1944 , and 1945 ( due to World War II ) . The school participated in the first-ever Rose Bowl against Michigan in 1902 , in which they were routed 49-0 . Its annual Big Game against California is the oldest and most storied rivalry in the Pac-12 and western United States . The Cardinal also compete for the Legends Trophy against independent rival Notre Dame . The program has an all-time record of 657-467-49 for a winning percentage of .581 and has winning series records against all of its Pac-12 North rivals , except for the Washington Huskies , against whom they are tied 43-43-4 ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1993 Blockbuster Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Blockbuster_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Blockbuster Bowl game was a post-season college football bowl game between the Stanford Cardinal and the Penn State Nittany Lions played on January 1 , 1993 , at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami Gardens , Florida . It was the third edition of the bowl game . The legendary status of both head coaches was the pregame focus - Penn State 's Joe Paterno was attempting to get his 15th bowl game win , and Stanford 's Bill Walsh had won three Super Bowls with the San Francisco 49ers - but the game itself was dominated by Stanford , which scored on its first possession and led the entire game , winning 24-3 ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Syracuse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Syracuse_Orangemen_football", "summary": "The Syracuse Orange represent Syracuse University in the sport of American football . The Orange compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Formed in 1889 , the program has over 700 wins and has achieved 1 consensus Division I Football National Championship , winning the championship game over the Texas Longhorns in the 1960 Cotton Bowl Classic , for the 1959 season . Syracuse has had 2 undefeated seasons , 5 conference championships since 1991 , and has produced a Heisman Trophy winner , over 60 first team All-Americans , 18 Academic All-Americans including Academic All-America Hall of Fame inductee Tim Green , and over 240 NFL players . Syracuse has had 18 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame , 2nd-most in the ACC , including former players Ernie Davis , Tim Green , Don McPherson , Art Monk and former coaches Vic Hanson , Ben Schwartzwalder , and Dick MacPherson . The Orange boast 8 inductees in the Pro Football Hall Of Fame , tied for the 4th-most of any school , including Jim Brown , Marvin Harrison , Larry Csonka , and Floyd Little . The Orange have 26 bowl appearances , 10 of which are among the New Year 's Six Bowls . Syracuse has finished in the Final Top 25 rankings 21 times in the national polls , and finished in either the AP or Coaches Polls a combined 35 times since 1952 . Syracuse has appeared in over 200 AP Polls including 7 weeks at AP number one . The Orange play their home games in the Carrier Dome on the university 's campus . The stadium is also known as The Loud House , as when it opened in September 1980 , it was made clear just how loud it was inside ; and so the soon famous nickname was coined ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1993 Fiesta Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Fiesta_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 IBM OS/2 Fiesta Bowl , played on January 1 , 1993 , was the 22nd edition of the Fiesta Bowl . The game featured the Colorado Buffaloes and the Syracuse Orangemen ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tennessee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers_football", "summary": "The Tennessee Volunteers football program ( variously called Tennessee , Vols , UT ) represents the University of Tennessee ( UT ) . The Vols have played football for 121 seasons , starting in 1891 ; their combined record of 833-383-53 ranks them twelfth on the list of all-time win-loss percentage records .677 and ninth on by-victories list for college football programs as well as second on the all-time win/loss list of SEC programs 390-253-33 .601 . Their all-time ranking in bowl appearances is third ( 52 ) and sixth in all-time bowl victories ( 28 ) , most notably four Sugar Bowls , three Cotton Bowls , an Orange Bowl , and a Fiesta Bowl . They have won 16 conference championships and six national titles in their history and their last national championship was in the 1998 college football season . The Vols play at Neyland Stadium , where Tennessee has an all-time winning record of 464 games , the highest home-field total in college football history for any school in the nation at its current home venue . Additionally , its 102,455 seat capacity makes Neyland the nation 's fifth largest stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1994 Gator Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1994_Gator_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game between the Virginia Tech Hokies and the Tennessee Volunteers at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville , Florida , on December 30 , 1994 . The game was the final contest of the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams , and ended in a 45-23 victory for Tennessee . The 1994 Gator Bowl saw 17th-ranked Virginia Tech face off against regional rival Tennessee at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium on the campus of the University of Florida . The game was moved to Gainesville in 1994 due to renovations to the Gator Bowl for the Jacksonville Jaguars . Virginia Tech came into the game with an 8-3 regular-season record that included a record of 5-2 in Big East Conference competition . The Tennessee Volunteers came entered the game with a regular-season record of 7-4 under head coach Phillip Fulmer that included a 5-3 record in Southeastern Conference competition . The game kicked off at 8:00 PM . From the start , Tennessee 's high-scoring offense dominated . The Volunteers scored two touchdowns in the first quarter and three in the second , while Virginia Tech was able to muster a lone touchdown and field goal in the second quarter . At halftime , Tennessee had a commanding 35-10 lead , behind the strong play of Freshman QB Peyton Manning . The Hokies struggled back in the third quarter , scoring six unanswered points to close the score to 35-16 . In the fourth quarter , however , Tennessee answered Virginia Tech 's effort with 10 points , putting the game out of reach for the Hokies , who managed only a single touchdown in the fourth quarter ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Texas_Longhorns_football", "summary": "The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin ( variously Texas or UT ) in the sport of American football . The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly Division I-A ) as a member of the Big 12 Conference . The team has been coached by Tom Herman since 2017 , and home games are played at Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1994 Sun Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1994_Sun_Bowl", "summary": "The 1994 Sun Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 29 , 1994 . The game pitted the unranked Texas Longhorns against the No . 19 North Carolina Tar Heels . The Tar Heels were led by eventual Texas head coach Mack Brown . The game was a seesaw offensive battle . Texas , down 31-21 midway through the fourth quarter , mounted a comeback to gain a 35-31 victory , with Priest Holmes 's leap into the endzone proving to be the winning points . A record 50,612 attended this game , a high for both the bowl and the stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/USC_Trojans_football", "summary": "The USC Trojans football program represent University of Southern California in the sport of American football . The Trojans compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference" } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won 1995 Cotton Bowl Classic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1995_Cotton_Bowl_Classic", "summary": "The 1995 Mobil Cotton Bowl was the 59th Cotton Bowl Classic . The USC Trojans defeated the Texas Tech Red Raiders , 55-14 . The Trojans took a 21-0 lead less than ten minutes into the game and led 34-0 at halftime . USC wide receiver Keyshawn Johnson , who finished with eight catches for a Cotton Bowl-record 222 yards and three touchdowns , was named offensive MVP . Trojan cornerback John Herpin had two interceptions , one for a touchdown , and was named defensive MVP . The game was televised nationally by NBC for the third consecutive year . The Cotton Bowl Classic would return to its longtime television home , CBS , the next year . It was also the last year that Mobil served as the game 's title sponsor ; the following year , the Cotton Bowl organizers began a seventeen-year relationship with what is now AT & T ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "N.C. State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack_football", "summary": "The NC State Wolfpack football team represents North Carolina State University in the sport of American football . The Wolfpack competes in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Prior to joining the ACC in 1953 , the Wolfpack were a member of the Southern Conference . As a founding member of the ACC , the Wolfpack has won seven conference championships and participated in 31 bowl games , of which the team has won 17 , including eight of their last eleven . NC State is currently coached by Dave Doeren . Since 1966 , the Wolfpack has played its home games at Carter-Finley Stadium . On September 16 , 2010 , NC State restored the tradition of having a live mascot on the field . A wolf-like Tamaskan Dog named Tuffy was on the sidelines for the Cincinnati game that day in Raleigh and Tuffy has not missed a Wolfpack football game in Carter-Finley Stadium since ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1992 Gator Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Gator_Bowl", "summary": "The 1992 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 31 , 1992 , at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville , Florida . The game matched the Florida Gators against the NC State Wolfpack . It was the final contest of the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams . It was the first of three Gator Bowls sponsored by Outback Steakhouse ; thus , the game was also known as the 1992 Outback Gator Bowl . The game ended in a 27-10 victory for the Gators ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Penn State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_football", "summary": "The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football . The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the Big Ten Conference , which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992 . Established in 1887 , the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes , the most notable of which include two consensus national championships ( 1982 and 1986 ) , four Big Ten Conference Championships ( in 1994 , 2005 , 2008 , and 2016 ) , 13 undefeated seasons ( 1887 , 1894 , 1909 , 1911 , 1912 , 1920 , 1921 , 1947 , 1968 , 1969 , 1973 , 1986 and 1994 ) and 48 appearances in college bowl games , with a postseason bowl record of 30-18-2 . The team is also # 9 in all-time total wins . The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium , located on-campus in University Park , Pennsylvania . With an official seating capacity of 106,572 , Beaver Stadium is the second-largest stadium in the western hemisphere , behind only Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor , Michigan . The team is currently coached by James Franklin ." } ] }, { "value": "0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": ".000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1993 Blockbuster Bowl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_Blockbuster_Bowl", "summary": "The 1993 Blockbuster Bowl game was a post-season college football bowl game between the Stanford Cardinal and the Penn State Nittany Lions played on January 1 , 1993 , at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami Gardens , Florida . It was the third edition of the bowl game . The legendary status of both head coaches was the pregame focus - Penn State 's Joe Paterno was attempting to get his 15th bowl game win , and Stanford 's Bill Walsh had won three Super Bowls with the San Francisco 49ers - but the game itself was dominated by Stanford , which scored on its first possession and led the entire game , winning 24-3 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Appearances -- Bowl Coalition appearances by team", "section_text": "", "uid": "Bowl_Coalition_0", "intro": "The Bowl Coalition was formed through an agreement among Division I-A college football bowl games and conferences for the purpose of forcing a national championship game between the top two teams and to provide quality bowl game matchups for the champions of its member conferences. It was established for the 1992 season after there were co-national champions for both the 1990 and 1991. The agreement was in place for the 1992, 1993, and 1994 college football seasons. It was the predecessor of the Bowl Alliance, and later the Bowl Championship Series." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NFL_franchise_post-season_droughts", "title": "List of NFL franchise post-season droughts", "header": [ "Team", "Longest streak with no post-season victories", "Seasons" ], "data": [ { "value": "Arizona Cardinals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Arizona_Cardinals_seasons", "summary": "This is a list of seasons completed by the Arizona Cardinals . The Cardinals are an American football franchise competing as a member of the West division of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Cardinals ' franchise from 1920 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches ." } ] }, { "value": "1948-1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "50", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Pittsburgh_Steelers_seasons", "summary": "The Pittsburgh Steelers compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . Founded in 1933 , the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC ; seven franchises in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) have longer tenures in the NFL . The team struggled to be competitive in its early history , posting winning records in just 8 of its first 39 seasons . Since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 , however , it has appeared in eight Super Bowls and one of only two teams , along with the New England Patriots have won the Super Bowl six times . The six championships place the Steelers fourth in the league in terms of total championships ( including those prior to the first Super Bowl ) , trailing only the Green Bay Packers ( 13 championships ) , the Chicago Bears ( 9 ) and the New York Giants ( 8 ) . The club 's 15 AFC Championship Game appearances are second all-time , behind the Patriots ( 16 ) . In addition , they have hosted the second-most conference championship games ( 11 ) than any franchise in either conference , and are tied for second with the Dallas Cowboys and Denver Broncos with eight Super Bowl appearances ; the Patriots currently hold the record of eleven appearances , as of 2019 . From 1974 to 1979 the franchise became the first NFL franchise to win four Super Bowl titles in six seasons , a feat which is yet to be matched . The 2005 team was the first sixth-seeded team to advance to a conference championship game since the playoff field was expanded to 12 teams in 1990 ; the same team also became the first sixth-seed to win the Super Bowl . The Steelers are 6-2 in Super Bowls , winning Super Bowl IX , Super Bowl X , Super Bowl XIII , Super Bowl XIV , Super Bowl XL , Super Bowl XLIII and losing Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XLV . As of the start of the 2018 season , the Steelers franchise are second all-time in playoff appearances , with 31 , which is the most among active AFC franchises , as well as the most since the official start of the NFL-AFL merger in 1970 . The Giants , Cowboys , and Packers are all tied for first all-time in playoff appearances , with 32 each ." } ] }, { "value": "1933-1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Detroit Lions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Detroit_Lions_seasons", "summary": "The Detroit Lions are a professional American football team based in Detroit , Michigan . The Lions compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) North division . The team plays its home games at Ford Field in Downtown Detroit . Originally based in Portsmouth , Ohio and called the Portsmouth Spartans , the team began play in 1928 as an independent professional team . The 2015 season was their 88th in the NFL . The Lions have won four NFL championships , tied for 9th overall in total championships amongst all 32 NFL franchises ; although the last was in 1957 , which gives the club the second-longest NFL championship drought behind the Arizona Cardinals . The Lions were the first franchise to finish a full ( non-strike shortened ) regular season with no wins or ties since the move to sixteen season games in 1978 , going 0-16 during the 2008 NFL season . They are also one of four current teams , and the only one in the NFC , to have never played in the Super Bowl ." } ] }, { "value": "1958-1990", "urls": [] }, { "value": "33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Orleans Saints", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_New_Orleans_Saints_seasons", "summary": "This article is a list of seasons completed by the New Orleans Saints American football franchise of the National Football League ( NFL ) . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Saints ' franchise from 1967 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coach ." } ] }, { "value": "1967-1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cincinnati Bengals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Cincinnati_Bengals_seasons", "summary": "The Cincinnati Bengals franchise was founded in 1968 as a member of the West division of the American Football League ( AFL ) . The Bengals joined the National Football League ( NFL ) as a result of the AFL-NFL merger prior to 1970 . This list documents the franchise 's completed seasons from 1968 to present , including postseason records and results from postseason games . The Bengals have played over 750 games in their history , including two conference championships , eight division championships , and 12 playoff appearances . The franchise has experienced several extended periods of success in their history . These periods came from 1981 to 1990 when the Bengals qualified for the playoffs four times and played in two Super Bowls , and from 2009 to the present . However , during a 14-year span - 1991 to 2004 - the Bengals did not qualify for the playoffs . During this time , the franchise had nine seasons with 10 or more losses , and three of those seasons the franchise had the league 's worst record . Since 2005 the Bengals have been more successful , posting seven winning seasons , three division titles and seven wild card playoff berths ( including a streak of five consecutive playoff seasons , a first in franchise history ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1991-2019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washington Redskins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Washington_Redskins_seasons", "summary": "This article is a list of seasons completed by the Washington Redskins American football franchise of the National Football League ( NFL ) . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Redskins ' franchise from 1932 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches . The Redskins franchise was founded as the Boston Braves , named after the local baseball franchise . The team changed its name to the Redskins in 1933 and moved to Washington , D.C. in 1937 . The Redskins have played over 1,000 games . In those games , the club won five professional American football championships including two NFL Championships and three Super Bowls . The franchise captured ten NFL divisional titles and six NFL conference championships . The Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 Championship games , as well as Super Bowl XVII , XXII , and XXVI . They also played in and lost the 1936 , 1940 , 1943 , and 1945 Championship games , as well as Super Bowl VII and XVIII . They have made 24 postseason appearances , and have an overall postseason record of 23 wins and 19 losses . Only five teams have appeared in more Super Bowls than the Redskins : the New England Patriots ( eleven ) , the Dallas Cowboys , Pittsburgh Steelers , Denver Broncos ( eight ) , and San Francisco 49ers ( six ) ; the Redskins ' five appearances are tied with the Oakland Raiders , Miami Dolphins , New York Giants and Green Bay Packers . All of the Redskins ' league titles were attained during two ten-year spans ." } ] }, { "value": "1944-1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Buffalo Bills", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Buffalo_Bills_seasons", "summary": "This is a list of seasons completed by the Buffalo Bills American football franchise . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Bills ' franchise from 1960 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches . The Bills finished their most recent season ( 2019 ) with a record of ten wins and six losses ." } ] }, { "value": "1996-2019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Indianapolis Colts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Indianapolis_Colts_seasons", "summary": "The Indianapolis Colts , formerly the Baltimore Colts , are an American football team playing in the National Football League ( NFL ) . This list documents the season-by-season records of the Colts franchise from 1953 to present , including postseason records and league awards for individual players or head coaches . In 1953 , a Baltimore-based group led by Carroll Rosenbloom gained the rights to a new Baltimore franchise . Rosenbloom was granted an NFL team , and was awarded the holdings of the defunct Dallas Texans organization . The new team was named the Colts after the previous team that folded after the 1950 NFL season . After 31 seasons in Baltimore , Colts owner Robert Irsay moved the team to Indianapolis , Indiana . The Colts have won two Super Bowl championships ( Super Bowl V and Super Bowl XLI ) . They also played in and lost Super Bowl III and Super Bowl XLIV . Before the AFL and NFL merged in 1970 , they won three NFL Championships ( 1958 , 1959 , and 1968 ) . By winning Super Bowl XLI the Colts became the first team that played its home games in a domed stadium to win a Super Bowl held in an outdoor stadium . After the Colts owner Jim Irsay hired Tony Dungy in 2002 , the Colts made the playoffs for nine straight seasons . They won five straight AFC South titles from 2003 to 2007 and had seven consecutive seasons of 12 or more victories from 2003 to 2009 , the first time that has been achieved in the NFL 's 90-year history ." } ] }, { "value": "1972-1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Los Angeles Rams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Rams_seasons", "summary": "This article is a list of seasons completed by the Los Angeles Rams American football franchise ( known as the Cleveland Rams from 1936 to 1945 and the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015 ) in organized play . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Los Angeles Rams franchise from 1936 to present , including conference standings , division standings , postseason records , league awards for individual players or head coaches , and team awards for individual players . The Rams franchise was founded in Cleveland in 1936 when the team was playing in the newly formed American Football League ( AFL ) . The franchise joined the National Football League ( NFL ) the following year . In 1943 operations were suspended due a depleted player roster due to World War II , and play resumed the following year . The Rams were the only team to suspend completely in 1943 . The franchise has changed home cities three times : moving to Los Angeles in 1946 , moving to St. Louis in 1995 , and returning to Los Angeles in 2016 . The franchise has had three periods of success in their history . The first period of came as the Cleveland Rams in NFL when they won the NFL Championship . This period continued until the 1950s as the Los Angeles Rams with them making the playoffs a further five times . The second period of success lasted over 20 years between 1966-1989 where the Rams made the playoffs 16 times and captured ten NFC Division titles including a then-record run of seven in a row from the 1973 season through the 1979 seasons ( the New England Patriots broke the record with nine straight AFC East division titles from the 2009 season through the 2017 season ) . However , this period of success was marred by the fact that the franchise did not win the Super Bowl and only one Conference Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "1952-1973", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New York Giants", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_New_York_Giants_seasons", "summary": "The New York Giants are an American football team based in East Rutherford , New Jersey . They are a member of the National Football League ( NFL ) and play in the NFL 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . In 95 completed seasons , the franchise has won eight NFL championships , including four Super Bowl victories . The Giants have won more than 600 games and appeared in the NFL playoffs 32 times . Though the Giants play home games in East Rutherford , they draw fans from throughout the New York metropolitan area . In 2010 , the team began playing in MetLife Stadium , formerly New Meadowlands Stadium . After Tim Mara paid $ 500 for the franchise , the Giants joined the NFL in the 1925 season and won their first championship two years later . In 1934 , the team won its second title , defeating the Chicago Bears in the NFL Championship Game . The Giants won another championship four years later , and made four appearances in the NFL Championship Game from 1939 to 1946 , losing each time . New York won its fourth NFL title in 1956 , with a 47-7 win over the Bears in the championship game . From 1958 to 1963 , the Giants reached the NFL Championship Game five times , but were defeated on each occasion . Following the 1963 season , the franchise did not return to the playoffs until 1981 , only finishing .500 or better five times during the postseason drought ." } ] }, { "value": "1959-1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cleveland Browns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Cleveland_Browns_seasons", "summary": "The Cleveland Browns were a charter member club of the All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) when the league was founded in 1946 . From 1946 to 1949 , the Browns won each of the leagues four championships . While the National Football League ( NFL ) does not recognize the Browns AAFC championships , the Pro Football Hall of Fame does recognize the teams championships , which is reflected in this list . When the AAFC folded in 1949 , the Browns were absorbed into the NFL in 1950 . The Browns went on to win three NFL championships , nearly dominating the NFL in the 1950s , and won one more NFL championship in 1964 . The team has yet to appear in a Super Bowl , however . Overall , the team has won eight championships : four in the AAFC , and four in the NFL . In 1995 , then-Browns owner Art Modell made the decision to move the team from Cleveland , Ohio to Baltimore , Maryland . An agreement between the city of Cleveland and the NFL kept the teams history , name and colors in Cleveland , while Modells new team would be regarded as an expansion team . The Baltimore Ravens would begin play in 1996 , and the Browns would return to the league in 1999 . For record-keeping purposes , the Browns are considered to have suspended operations from 1996 to 1998 , which is reflected in this list . In 2017 , the Cleveland Browns became the second team in NFL history to suffer an 0-16 record ." } ] }, { "value": "1995 , 1999-2019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New England Patriots", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_New_England_Patriots_seasons", "summary": "The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston town of Foxborough , Massachusetts . They play in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . Originally called the Boston Patriots , the team was founded as one of eight charter members of the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1960 under the ownership of Billy Sullivan . The team became part of the NFL when the two leagues merged in 1970 . The following year , they moved from Boston to nearby Foxborough , and changed their name to the New England Patriots . The modern NFL championship game , the Super Bowl , was founded in the 1966 season ; the first four were contested between the champions of the AFL and the NFL . After the merger , the Super Bowl became the united league 's championship . The Patriots made the 1963 AFL Championship Game , but struggled severely in the early years of the united league , not making the postseason until 1976 . After a few good seasons including a Super Bowl appearance against a champion Bears outfit , the Patriots reached a nadir between 1989 and 1993 when they won only 19 of 80 games . Since Bill Belichick was hired as the team 's head coach in 2000 , the Patriots have played their way to first or second in the AFC East every year except Belichick 's first season , with both second-place finishes caused by tiebreakers . Over that time , they have won six Super Bowls , nine AFC Championship Games , and sixteen AFC East titles , while amassing a regular season record of 237-82 . The team 's quarterback over that same period , Tom Brady , has been awarded the NFL Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) three times , and the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player four times ; he is one of only five players named Super Bowl MVP more than once , and the only one named 4 times ." } ] }, { "value": "1964-1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kansas City Chiefs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Kansas_City_Chiefs_seasons", "summary": "The Kansas City Chiefs have completed 59 seasons in professional American football and 49 with the National Football League ( NFL ) . This article documents the season-by-season records of the Chiefs franchise from 1960 to the conclusion of their most recent season in 2018 , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches . The team began play as a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1960 as the Dallas Texans . Following the 1962 AFL season , the team relocated to Kansas City , Missouri and was renamed the Kansas City Chiefs . The team has played in 900 total games in a total of 59 seasons , and a winning percentage of .521 . The teams three 13-win seasons in 1995 , 1997 , and 2003 remain their best regular season records to date and their 2-14 record in 2008 and 2012 is the Chiefs worst . The Texans/Chiefs were the winningest team in the history of the AFL , compiling an 87-48 record from 1960 to 1969 . The team won three league championships and served as the AFLs representative in Super Bowls I and IV in 1966 and 1969 . Since the franchises alignment to the NFL in 1970 , the team has won eleven division championships including three straight and eight wild card playoff berths , seven of which were between 1990 and 1997 when the team never lost as many games as it won . Despite the franchises early success , the Chiefs did not win a post-season game between the 1993-94 and 2015-16 playoffs , and their victory on January 11 , 1970 was the franchises first Super Bowl title , with their most recent one being February 2 , 2020 . It had been a long drought between AFC Championship games , with their next appearance in the 2018-19 playoffs . The Chiefs ' first home AFC Championship game ended in an overtime defeat as the New England Patriots moved on to win a record-tying sixth Super Bowl ring ." } ] }, { "value": "1970-1990 1994-2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Francisco 49ers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_San_Francisco_49ers_seasons", "summary": "This article is a list of seasons completed by the San Francisco 49ers , an American football franchise representing the San Francisco Bay Area . The 49ers are members of the West division in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) of the National Football League ( NFL ) . The list documents the season-by-season records of the 49ers ' franchise from 1946 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches . The San Francisco 49ers began play in 1946 as charter members of the All-America Football Conference . When the 49ers joined the NFL after the AAFC-NFL merger in 1950 , they never won a division or conference title , and only finished as high as second once from 1950-1969 . After winning three consecutive division titles from 1970-1972 , they would return to losing in 1973 and achieved only one winning season for the rest of the decade . Another playoff drought lasted from 2003-2010 , a stretch of eight non-winning seasons . This drought came to an end when the 49ers won their division with a 13-3 record in 2011 ; they earned three straight berths in the NFC Championship Game ." } ] }, { "value": "1950-1969", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chicago Bears", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Chicago_Bears_seasons", "summary": "The Chicago Bears franchise was founded as the Decatur Staleys , a charter member of the American Professional Football Association ( APFA ) . The team moved to Chicago , Illinois , in 1921 and changed its name to the Bears in 1922 , the same year the APFA changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) . This list documents the franchise 's completed seasons from 1920 to present , including postseason records and results from postseason games . The Chicago Bears have played over 1,000 games in their history , and have had eight NFL Championships victories and one Super Bowl win . The Bears ' nine championships are the second most by any team in NFL history . The franchise has captured 18 NFL divisional titles and four NFL conference championships . The Bears have also recorded more regular season victories than any other NFL franchise . The franchise has experienced three major periods of continued success in their history . The first period of success came from 1932 to 1946 when the Bears won six NFL Championships . In this period the Bears participated in the first National Football League playoff game , the first NFL Championship Game , and become the American football sports dynasty of the 1940s . The Bears played in four straight NFL Championship Games between 1940 and 1943 , winning three of them , including an NFL record 73-0 victory over the Washington Redskins in 1940 . The second period of success was between 1984 and 1991 when the Bears captured six NFC Central Division titles in eight years and won Super Bowl XX ." } ] }, { "value": "1964-1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seattle Seahawks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Seattle_Seahawks_seasons", "summary": "This article is a compilation of the list of seasons completed by the Seattle Seahawks American football franchise of the National Football League ( NFL ) . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Seahawks ' franchise from 1976 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches . As of the end of the 2018 NFL season , the Seahawks have 23 winning seasons , 17 losing seasons , and 4 seasons where they finished 8-8 . With a 35-6 Week 14 win over the Baltimore Ravens on December 13 during the 2015 season , not only did the Seahawks improved to 8-5 at that point in the season , but the Seahawks ' all-time franchise regular season win-loss record improved to 313-312-0 ; this marked the first time ever in team history that the Seahawks have had an overall winning regular season win-loss record ( a win-loss record above .500 ) . Since re-joining the National Football Conference in 2002 , the Seahawks have compiled a record of 156-115-1 ( as of the end of the 2018 season ) . Also since then , the Seahawks have had only four losing seasons ( all between 2008 and 2011 ) , although their 2010 team won the Western division title , despite finishing with a 7-9 record . Counting their inaugural 1976 season , where they finished 2-12 , Seattle 's overall record as an NFC franchise is 158-127-1 . The Seahawks are the one of four North American men 's professional sports teams that have played in Seattle with an all-time winning record , after the Seattle Metropolitans ( the first American team to win the Stanley Cup in 1917 , folded in 1924 ) , the Seattle SuperSonics ( who relocated to Oklahoma City and became the Thunder in the summer of 2008 ) , and the Seattle Sounders FC ( established in 2007 as an expansion franchise , currently active ) . Therefore , the Seahawks are currently one of two active North American men 's professional sports team located in Seattle with an overall winning record . On October 23 , 2016 , the Seahawks played the Arizona Cardinals at University of Phoenix Stadium and the game ended in a 6-6 tie after OT , which was the first time this ever happened in franchise history ." } ] }, { "value": "1985-2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miami Dolphins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Miami_Dolphins_seasons", "summary": "This is a list of seasons completed by the Miami Dolphins American football franchise of the National Football League ( NFL ) . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Dolphins franchise from 1966 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches . Although the Miami Dolphins were not successful before joining the NFL , from 1970 when they played their first season after the AFL-NFL merger until 2001 they were one of the most successful teams in the league , playing in the postseason on 22 occasions over those 32 years and winning 335 and tying two of 528 games for an overall win percentage of 63.6 . Early in this period the Dolphins won their only two Super Bowls in consecutive seasons , in the process achieving the only modern-day perfect season in any major professional sports league during only their third year in the NFL . Much of this success was orchestrated by coach Don Shula who joined the team in 1970 and stayed with them until his retirement in 1995 . After Shula retired in 1995 , the Dolphins remained a force for six years under successors Jimmy Johnson and Dave Wannstedt , but since 2002 and especially since 2004 have fallen on harder times , reaching the postseason only twice in the twelve seasons since , and during the mid-2000s , briefly intensified the Dolphins-Patriots rivalry , when Nick Saban , a former Bill Belichick assistant was hired as the Dolphins head coach in 2005 and when he nearly signed quarterback Drew Brees with the Dolphins the following year . In 2007 , if not for their overtime victory over the Baltimore Ravens , would 've suffered an imperfect season , a year before the Detroit Lions became the first team to go winless since the NFL expanded to a 16-game schedule . That same season , the Dolphins became the first team in NFL history to win their division following a 1-15 season , and as of 2018 , marked the last non-Patriot division title in the AFC East . For complete team history , see History of the Miami Dolphins ." } ] }, { "value": "2001-2019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Philadelphia Eagles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Philadelphia_Eagles_seasons", "summary": "This article is a list of seasons completed by the Philadelphia Eagles , a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The Eagles are a member of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division in the National Football League ( NFL ) . This article documents the season-by-season records of the Eagles franchise from 1933 to present , including postseason records , as well as league awards for individual players or head coaches . The Philadelphia Eagles won their 500th game on Sunday , October 26 , 2009 over the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 27-14 . They were the seventh NFL team to accomplish this feat and the first since the San Francisco 49ers defeated the St. Louis Rams in Week 16 of the 2005 NFL season . They are also the first team in the NFC East to accomplish this feat since the Washington Redskins defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 8 of the 2000 NFL season . As of 2019 , the Eagles have never lost a game to the New York Jets ( 12-0 ) or the Houston Texans ( 5-0 ) . The Eagles have won four league titles . Three of these were won prior to the start of the Super Bowl era ( in 1948 , 1949 , and 1960 ) . The fourth and most recent championship was won in Super Bowl LII ." } ] }, { "value": "1961-1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Denver Broncos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Denver_Broncos_seasons", "summary": "The Denver Broncos are an American football franchise based in Denver , Colorado . Founded by Bob Howsam on August 14 , 1959 , the team was one of the founder members of the American Football League ( AFL ) , which began in 1960 , before merging with the National Football League ( NFL ) ahead of the 1970 season , when the Broncos became part of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division ; they have been in the same division ever since . As of the end of the 2019 season , Denver has completed 60 seasons ( playing in over 950 combined regular season and playoff games ) , and has appeared in eight Super Bowls ; although they lost in each of their first four Super Bowl appearances , they have since won three of them , including Super Bowl 50 . The franchise has experienced three major periods of success . The first was from 1976 to 1981 , when the Broncos did not have a losing season ( a season when the team has more losses than wins ) , and won two AFC West division titles , and one AFC championship . The second began in 1983 and ended in 1998 . During this period , the Broncos had just two losing seasons , were AFC champions five times and were Super Bowl champions for two consecutive years . This second period of success is best remembered for John Elway being the team 's quarterback . The most recent run of success began in 2011 , lasting until their victory in Super Bowl 50 at the end of the 2015 season . The five-year stretch was primarily spearheaded by the 2012 free agent acquisition of the then four-time League MVP former Indianapolis Colts quarterback Peyton Manning , and included five AFC West titles , two AFC championships , as well as the Super Bowl . From their inaugural season in 1960 until 1975 , they did not make either the AFL playoffs or NFL playoffs and had just two winning seasons . The Broncos were the only charter AFL franchise to never have a winning season during the AFL 's 10 years of existence ( although the team finished at 7-7 in 1962 ) , with their first winning season not occurring until 1973 , their fourth year as a member of the NFL 's AFC ." } ] }, { "value": "1960-1976", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_seasons", "summary": "This is a list of seasons completed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers , an American football franchise based in Tampa , Florida . The Buccaneers are members of the South division in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) of the National Football League ( NFL ) . The list documents the season-by-season records of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers ' franchise from 1976 to present , including postseason records , and league awards for individual players or head coaches . The Buccaneers first joined the NFL in 1976 as members of the AFC West . The following year , they moved to the NFC Central . The Tampa Bay expansion franchise was originally awarded to Tom McCloskey , a construction company owner from Philadelphia . It soon became apparent that McCloskey had financial problems , so the NFL found a replacement in Hugh Culverhouse . They were purchased by Malcolm Glazer in 1995 for $ 192 million , following Culverhouse 's death . The front office staff of the team includes Bryan Glazer , Edward Glazer , and Joel Glazer . The Buccaneers ' only Super Bowl championship was won in Super Bowl XXXVII , at the conclusion of the 2002 season . This was the teams ' only Super Bowl appearance , having reached the NFC conference championship on two other occasions . The Buccaneers have been divisional champions six times , three of them in the NFC Central and the other three in NFC South ." } ] }, { "value": "1980-1996 2003-2019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_NFL_franchise_post-season_droughts_10", "intro": "This is a list of current National Football League (NFL) franchise post-season and Super Bowl droughts (multiple consecutive seasons of not winning). Listed here are both appearance droughts and winning droughts in almost every level of the NFL playoff system. As of the 2018 NFL season, every active NFL team has qualified for and won a game in the playoffs. Teams that have never made it beyond each successive milestone are listed under the year in which they began NFL play. Of the 12 teams that have never won the Super Bowl, four (4) are expansion franchises younger than the Super Bowl itself (Bengals, Panthers, Jaguars, and the Texans). The Falcons began playing during the season in which the Super Bowl was first played. The seven (7) other clubs (Cardinals, Lions, Oilers/Titans, Chargers, Browns, Bills, and Vikings) all won an NFL or AFL championship prior to the AFL-NFL merger; in the case of the Vikings, however, the Super Bowl existed at the time they won their league title, leaving them and the Falcons as the only two teams to have existed for as long as or longer than the Super Bowl that have never secured the highest championship available to them. The longest drought since a championship of any kind is that of the Cardinals, at 72 seasons. Note that for continuity purposes, the Cleveland Browns are officially considered to have suspended operations for the 1996, 1997, and 1998 seasons. Since returning 21 years ago, they have only made the playoffs once, while the Baltimore Ravens are considered to be a separate team that began play in 1996. The Ravens, as a result of the Cleveland Browns relocation controversy, absorbed the Browns' personnel upon their suspension, but not their history." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Roache", "title": "Linus Roache", "header": [ "Year", "Title", "Role", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "1973-1975", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Coronation Street", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coronation_Street", "summary": "Coronation Street ( often referred to as Corrie ) is a British soap opera created by Granada Television and shown on ITV since 9 December 1960 . The programme centres on Coronation Street in Weatherfield , a fictional town based on inner-city Salford . In the show 's fictional history , the street was built in 1902 and named in honour of the coronation of King Edward VII . The series typically airs six times a week : Monday , Wednesday and Friday 7:30-8 pm and 8:30-9 pm . Since 2017 , ten sequential classic episodes of the series dated from 1986 onwards have been broadcast weekly on ITV3 . The programme was conceived in 1960 by scriptwriter Tony Warren at Granada Television in Manchester . Warren 's initial proposal was rejected by the station 's founder Sidney Bernstein , but he was persuaded by producer Harry Elton to produce the programme for 13 pilot episodes . Within six months of the show 's first broadcast , it had become the most-watched programme on British television , and is now a significant part of British culture . Coronation Street is made by ITV Granada at MediaCityUK and shown in all ITV regions , as well as internationally . On 17 September 2010 , it became the world 's longest-running television soap opera and was listed in Guinness World Records . On 23 September 2015 , Coronation Street was broadcast live to mark ITV 's sixtieth anniversary . Influenced by the conventions of kitchen sink realism , Coronation Street is noted for its depiction of a down-to-earth , working-class community , combined with light-hearted humour and strong characters ." } ] }, { "value": "Peter Barlow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Barlow_(Coronation_Street)", "summary": "Peter Barlow is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , played by Chris Gascoyne since 2000 . The character of Peter was born on screen during an episode broadcast on 5 April 1965 , he was born along with his twin sister Susan ( Katie Heannau , Wendy Jane Walker , Suzy Patterson , Joanna Foster ) to parents Ken ( William Roache ) and Valerie Barlow ( Anne Reid ) . Gascoyne made his first appearance in the role during the 40th anniversary live episode airing on 8 December 2000 . Gascoyne left the role in 2003 and returned in 2007 for a brief stint before returning full-time in 2008 . In January 2014 it was confirmed that Gascoyne would be leaving once again . His final scenes aired on 14 November 2014 . In April 2015 , it was announced that Gascoyne would reprise the role for two episodes for the funeral of Deirdre Barlow ( Anne Kirkbride ) and Peter returned on 15 July 2015 and left once again on 16 July 2015 . In July 2016 , it was announced that Peter would be returning as a regular character and he returned on 17 October 2016 . Peter 's storylines have included a number of affairs , alcoholism and a custody battle involving his son Simon Barlow ( Alex Bain ) . Peter became involved in a bigamy storyline when he married Rovers barmaid Shelley Unwin ( Sally Lindsay ) and florist Lucy Richards ( Katy Carmichael ) . Having been discovered , Peter was left alone and fled Weatherfield . He returned briefly in 2007 when his stepsister Tracy Barlow ( Kate Ford ) was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Charlie Stubbs ( Bill Ward ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Recurring", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1976", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Onedin Line", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Onedin_Line", "summary": "The Onedin Line is a BBC television drama series , which ran from 1971 to 1980 . The series was created by Cyril Abraham . The series is set in Liverpool from 1860 to 1886 and covers the rise of a fictional shipping company , the Onedin Line , named after its owner James Onedin . Around this , it depicts the lives of his family , most notably his brother and partner Robert , a ship chandler , and his sister Elizabeth , giving insight into the lifestyle and customs at the time , not only at sea , but also ashore ( mostly lower- and upper-middle-class ) . The series also illustrates some of the changes in business and shipping , such as from wooden to steel ships and from sailing ships to steamships . It shows the role that ships played in such matters as international politics , uprisings and the slave trade ." } ] }, { "value": "Boy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Episode Quarantine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1990", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Omnibus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Omnibus_(UK_TV_series)", "summary": "Omnibus is an arts-based British documentary series , broadcast mainly on BBC 1 in the United Kingdom . The programme was the successor to the arts-based series Monitor . It ran from 1967 until 2003 , usually being transmitted on Sunday evenings . During its 35-year history , the programme won 12 British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) awards . Among the series ' best remembered documentaries are Cracked Actor ( 1975 ) , a profile of David Bowie during the peak of his cocaine addiction ; Rene Magritte ( 1979 ) , a graduate film by David Wheatley ; Van Gogh ( 1991 ) ; Anna Benson-Gyles Madonna : Behind the American dream ( 1990 ) , a film produced by Nadia Hagger ; a profile of British film director Ridley Scott ( 1992 ) , a two hour career overview of director Jean Renoir ( 1995 ) and a documentary about The K Foundation 's various art projects ( 1995 ) . For one season in 1982 , the series was in a magazine format presented by Barry Norman . In 2001 , the BBC announced that the programme was being switched to BBC Two , prompting accusations that the Corporation was further marginalising its arts programming . BBC controller of arts commissioning Roly Keating defended the move , saying the documentary strand will be able to tackle a wider range of subjects . Regarded as its flagship arts programme , Omnibus was one of only two regular arts platforms broadcast at the time by the BBC . In late 2002 , the BBC announced that Omnibus would be cancelled the following year , to be replaced by the arts series Imagine , hosted by Alan Yentob ." } ] }, { "value": "Vincent van Gogh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh", "summary": "Vincent Willem van Gogh ( Dutch : [ ˈvɪnsɛnt ˈʋɪləm vɑŋ ˈɣɔx ] ( listen ) ; [ note 1 ] 30 March 1853 - 29 July 1890 ) was a Dutch post-impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art . In just over a decade , he created about 2,100 artworks , including around 860 oil paintings , most of which date from the last two years of his life . They include landscapes , still lifes , portraits and self-portraits , and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic , impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art . He was not commercially successful , and his suicide at 37 came after years of mental illness and poverty . Born into an upper-middle-class family , Van Gogh drew as a child and was serious , quiet , and thoughtful . As a young man he worked as an art dealer , often travelling , but became depressed after he was transferred to London . He turned to religion and spent time as a Protestant missionary in southern Belgium . He drifted in ill health and solitude before taking up painting in 1881 , having moved back home with his parents . His younger brother Theo supported him financially , and the two kept up a long correspondence by letter . His early works , mostly still lifes and depictions of peasant labourers , contain few signs of the vivid colour that distinguished his later work . In 1886 , he moved to Paris , where he met members of the avant-garde , including Émile Bernard and Paul Gauguin , who were reacting against the Impressionist sensibility . As his work developed he created a new approach to still lifes and local landscapes ." } ] }, { "value": "Episode : Van Gogh", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seaforth", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bob Longman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shot Through the Heart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shot_Through_the_Heart", "summary": "Shot Through the Heart is a 1998 television film directed by David Attwood , shown on the BBC and HBO in 1998 , which covers the Siege of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War . The film is based on a true story and an article called Anti-Sniper by John Falk ( published in the November 1995 issue of Details magazine ) . It won a Peabody Award in 1998 ." } ] }, { "value": "Vlado Selimovic", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Television film", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RFK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RFK_(film)", "summary": "RFK is a 2002 American television film directed by Robert Dornhelm . It takes place through the eyes of Robert F. Kennedy after his brother John F. Kennedy 's assassination in 1963 . As he lives through the loss , he starts to identify himself as a political figure , not just the former President 's brother . He makes it official with a Presidential bid in 1968 to what he says was to save the Democratic Party . During his campaign , in which the American people showed great support for him , RFK was shot and killed by Sirhan Sirhan . The film was shot in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "Robert F. Kennedy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy", "summary": "Robert Francis Kennedy ( November 20 , 1925 - June 6 , 1968 ) , sometimes referred to by the initials RFK , was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 , and as a U.S . Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968 . Kennedy , like his brothers John and Edward , was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and has come to be viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism . Kennedy was born into a wealthy , political family in Brookline , Massachusetts . After serving in the U.S . Naval Reserve as a seaman apprentice from 1944 to 1946 , Kennedy returned to his studies at Harvard University , graduating in 1948 . He received his law degree from the University of Virginia , and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1951 . He began his career as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as a lawyer at the Justice Department , but later resigned to manage his brother John 's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952 . The following year , he worked as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Senator Joseph McCarthy . He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959 , where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practices of the union and authored The Enemy Within , a book about corruption in organized labor . Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother 's campaign in the 1960 presidential election . He was appointed United States Attorney General after the successful election and served as the closest advisor to the President from 1961 to 1963 ." } ] }, { "value": "Television film Nominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_–_Miniseries_or_Television_Film", "summary": "The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film or Best Actor - Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television is an award presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role on a miniseries or motion picture made for television for the calendar year . The award was first presented at the 39th Golden Globe Awards on January 30 , 1982 , to Mickey Rooney for his role on Bill . Performances by an actor in a miniseries or television film were originally awarded in the Best Actor - Television Series Drama category before the creation of this category . Since its inception , the award has been given to 34 actors . Russell Crowe is the current recipient of the award for his portrayal of Roger Ailes on The Loudest Voice . Robert Duvall , James Garner , and Al Pacino have won the most awards in this category with two each . James Woods has been nominated for the award on seven occasions , the most within the category ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Gathering Storm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Gathering_Storm_(2002_film)", "summary": "The Gathering Storm is a BBC-HBO co-produced television biographical film about Winston Churchill in the years just prior to World War II . The title of the film is that of the first volume of Churchill 's largely autobiographical six-volume history of the war , which covered the period from 1919 to 3 September 1939 , the day he became First Lord of the Admiralty . The film , directed by Richard Loncraine and written by Larry Ramin and Hugh Whitemore , stars Albert Finney as Churchill and Vanessa Redgrave as his wife Clementine Churchill ( Clemmie ) . The film also features a supporting cast of British actors such as Derek Jacobi , Ronnie Barker ( his first role since retiring in 1988 ) , Jim Broadbent , Tom Wilkinson , Celia Imrie , Linus Roache and Hugh Bonneville , and is notable for an early appearance by a young Tom Hiddleston . Lena Headey , Simon Williams , and Edward Hardwicke all make brief appearances amongst the supporting cast . Among the film 's executive producers were Ridley Scott and Tony Scott . Originally the film was named The Lonely War . Finney gained many accolades for his performance , winning both a BAFTA Award for Best Actor and an Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actor . Ramin and Whitemore won the Emmy for Outstanding Writing . It won a Peabody Award in 2002 for being a portrait of a 20th Century heros return from political obscurity to direct the destiny of a nation . In 2016 , Mark Lawson of The Guardian ranked it as the most memorable television portrayal of Churchill . A sequel , Into the Storm , was released in 2009 , with Churchill portrayed by Brendan Gleeson , which focuses on the prime minister 's days in office during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Ralph Wigram", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ralph_Wigram", "summary": "Ralph Follett Wigram CMG ( /ˈreɪf ˈwɪɡrəm/ ; 23 October 1890 - 31 December 1936 ) was a British government official in the Foreign Office . He helped raise the alarm about German rearmament under Hitler during the period prior to World War II . In part , he did this by providing intelligence information about German rearmament to Winston Churchill at a time when Churchill did not hold a position in the government of Stanley Baldwin . Churchill used the information to publicly attack the policies of Baldwin . Churchill 's magisterial six-volume history of World War II , The Second World War , described Wigram as a great unsung hero . The autobiography of Valentine Lawford , who worked under Wigram in the Central Department , describes him variously as the authentic local deity and the departmental volcano . Wigram 's role was brought to public attention by the Southern Television drama serial Winston Churchill : The Wilderness Years ( in which he was portrayed by Paul Freeman ) , and later by the biographical movie about Churchill , The Gathering Storm ( in which he was portrayed by Linus Roache ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Television film Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor - Series , Miniseries or Television Film", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_–_Series,_Miniseries_or_Television_Film", "summary": "The Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series , Miniseries , or Television Film is one of the annual Satellite Awards given by the International Press Academy ." } ] }, { "value": "2006-2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kidnapped", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kidnapped_(TV_series)", "summary": "Kidnapped is an American crime drama television series created by Jason Smilovic , which aired on NBC from September 20 , 2006 , to August 11 , 2007 . The series returned on Universal HD in 2008 . The series produced by Sony Pictures Television ." } ] }, { "value": "Andy Archer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Ten Commandments : The Complete Miniseries ( TV series )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aaron", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008-2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Law & Order", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Law_&_Order", "summary": "Law & Order is an American police procedural and legal drama television series created by Dick Wolf , launching the Law & Order franchise . Airing its entire run on NBC , Law & Order premiered on September 13 , 1990 and completed its twentieth and final season on May 24 , 2010 . Set and filmed in New York City , the series follows a two-part approach : the first half-hour is the investigation of a crime ( usually murder ) and apprehension of a suspect by New York City Police Department detectives ; the second half is the prosecution of the defendant by the Manhattan District Attorney 's Office . Plots are often based on real cases that recently made headlines , although the motivation for the crime and the perpetrator may be different . The show has had a revolving cast over the years . Among the longest-running main cast members were Steven Hill as District Attorney Adam Schiff ( seasons 1-10 ) , Jerry Orbach as Detective Lennie Briscoe ( seasons 3-14 ) , S. Epatha Merkerson as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren ( seasons 4-20 ) , Sam Waterston as Executive Assistant District Attorney Jack McCoy ( seasons 5-20 ; later District Attorney ) and Jesse L. Martin as Detective Ed Green ( seasons 10-18 ) . Law & Order 's twenty seasons are second only to its spin-off Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 1999-present ) for the longest-running live-action scripted American primetime series . The success of the series has led to the creation of additional shows , making Law & Order a franchise , with also a television film , several video games , and international adaptations of the series . It has won and has been nominated for numerous awards over the years , including a number of Emmy Awards . On May 14 , 2010 , NBC announced that it had canceled Law & Order and would air its final episode on May 24 , 2010 . Immediately following the show 's cancellation , Wolf attempted to find a new home for the series . Those attempts failed , and in July 2010 , Wolf declared that the series had now moved to the history books ." } ] }, { "value": "Executive ADA Michael Cutter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Cutter", "summary": "Michael Cutter is a fictional character on the long-running NBC series Law & Order and its spinoff Law & Order : Special Victims Unit played by Linus Roache . The character debuted in the eighteenth season premiere of Law & Order , broadcast on January 2 , 2008 , and remained until its series finale Rubber Room on May 24 , 2010 . The character returned to television in the thirteenth season premiere of Special Victims Unit , broadcast on September 21 , 2011 . He has appeared in sixty-three episodes of L & O and four episodes of SVU ." } ] }, { "value": "63 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Coronation Street", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coronation_Street", "summary": "Coronation Street ( often referred to as Corrie ) is a British soap opera created by Granada Television and shown on ITV since 9 December 1960 . The programme centres on Coronation Street in Weatherfield , a fictional town based on inner-city Salford . In the show 's fictional history , the street was built in 1902 and named in honour of the coronation of King Edward VII . The series typically airs six times a week : Monday , Wednesday and Friday 7:30-8 pm and 8:30-9 pm . Since 2017 , ten sequential classic episodes of the series dated from 1986 onwards have been broadcast weekly on ITV3 . The programme was conceived in 1960 by scriptwriter Tony Warren at Granada Television in Manchester . Warren 's initial proposal was rejected by the station 's founder Sidney Bernstein , but he was persuaded by producer Harry Elton to produce the programme for 13 pilot episodes . Within six months of the show 's first broadcast , it had become the most-watched programme on British television , and is now a significant part of British culture . Coronation Street is made by ITV Granada at MediaCityUK and shown in all ITV regions , as well as internationally . On 17 September 2010 , it became the world 's longest-running television soap opera and was listed in Guinness World Records . On 23 September 2015 , Coronation Street was broadcast live to mark ITV 's sixtieth anniversary . Influenced by the conventions of kitchen sink realism , Coronation Street is noted for its depiction of a down-to-earth , working-class community , combined with light-hearted humour and strong characters ." } ] }, { "value": "Lawrence Cunningham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_minor_Coronation_Street_characters_(2010)", "summary": "The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street in 2010 , by order of first appearance ." } ] }, { "value": "4 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011-2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Law & Order : Special Victims Unit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit", "summary": "Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( often abbreviated to Law & Order : SVU or just SVU ) is an American crime drama television series created by Dick Wolf for NBC . It stars Mariska Hargitay as Captain Olivia Benson , the commanding officer of the Special Victims Unit and formerly a lead detective , located in a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department . Christopher Meloni played the other lead detective , Elliot Stabler , until departing from the series after 12 seasons . Law & Order : Special Victims Unit follows the style of the original Law & Order in that episodes are often ripped from the headlines or loosely based on real crimes that have received media attention . The show premiered on September 20 , 1999 as the second series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . After the premiere of the 21st season in September 2019 , the series became the longest-running US live action series on television . As of February 13 , 2020 , Law & Order : Special Victims Unit has aired 472 original episodes , surpassing the episode count of the original Law & Order series . It was nominated for and won numerous awards , including the 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series awarded to Mariska Hargitay ; the first Emmy to be received by a regular on any Law & Order series . On March 29 , 2019 , NBC renewed the series for a record-breaking twenty-first season , which premiered on September 26 , 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Bureau Chief ADA Michael Cutter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Titanic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Titanic_(2012_miniseries)", "summary": "Titanic is a four-part television miniseries and period drama written by Julian Fellowes . It is based on the passenger liner RMS Titanic , which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912 following a collision with an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City . It was released in at least 86 countries in March and April 2012 for the disaster 's 100th anniversary , 15 April 2012 , one of two such productions . The other was Titanic : Blood and Steel ( April 2012 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Hugh , Earl of Manton", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Making of a Lady", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Making_of_a_Lady", "summary": "The Making of a Lady is a television film based on the 1901 novel The Making of a Marchioness by Frances Hodgson Burnett that uses a screenplay adaptation by Kate Brooke . The film premiered in 2012 on ITV in Britain and was subsequently broadcast on PBS in the United States in 2014 . Directed by Richard Curson Smith , the film stars Lydia Wilson as Emily , Linus Roache as Lord James Walderhurst , Joanna Lumley as Lady Maria Byrne , and James D'Arcy as Captain Alec Osborn ." } ] }, { "value": "Lord Walderhurst", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Television film", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014-2017", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vikings", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vikings_(2013_TV_series)", "summary": "Vikings is a historical drama television series created and written by Michael Hirst for the History channel . Filmed in Ireland , it premiered on March 3 , 2013 , in Canada . In January 2019 , it was announced that the 20-episode sixth season , which was ordered on September 12 , 2017 , ahead of its fifth-season premiere , would be the final season of the series . The sixth season premiered on December 4 , 2019 . A sequel series , titled Vikings : Valhalla , is currently in development for Netflix . Vikings is inspired by the sagas of Viking Ragnar Lothbrok , one of the best-known legendary Norse heroes and notorious as the scourge of England and France . The show portrays Ragnar as a farmer who rises to fame by successful raids into England , and eventually becomes a Scandinavian King , with the support of his family and fellow warriors . In the later seasons , the series follows the fortunes of his sons and their adventures in England , Scandinavia and the Mediterranean ." } ] }, { "value": "Ecbert of Wessex", "urls": [] }, { "value": "26 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Blacklist", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Blacklist_(TV_series)", "summary": "The Blacklist is an American crime thriller television series that premiered on NBC on September 23 , 2013 . The show follows Raymond Red Reddington ( James Spader ) , a former U.S. Navy officer turned high-profile criminal , who voluntarily surrenders to the FBI after eluding capture for decades . He tells the FBI that he has a list of the most dangerous criminals in the world that he has compiled over the years and is willing to inform on their operations in exchange for immunity from prosecution . However , he insists on working exclusively with a rookie FBI profiler by the name of Elizabeth Keen ( Megan Boone ) . The series also stars Diego Klattenhoff , Ryan Eggold and Harry Lennix . The pilot episode was written by Jon Bokenkamp and directed by Joe Carnahan . Executive producers for the series include Bokenkamp , John Eisendrath and John Davis for Sony Pictures Television , Universal Television and Davis Entertainment . Each season has received positive reviews , with many critics praising Spader 's performance in particular . On March 11 , 2019 , NBC renewed the series for a seventh season , which premiered on October 4 , 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "The Kingmaker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Episode : The Kingmaker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Kingmaker_(The_Blacklist)", "summary": "The Kingmaker is the twentieth episode of the first season of the American crime drama The Blacklist . The episode premiered in the United States on NBC on April 28 , 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "2017", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bancroft", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bancroft_(TV_series)", "summary": "Bancroft is a British television thriller series that began airing on ITV on 11 December 2017 . The series was produced by Tall Story Pictures for ITV , and distributed worldwide by ITV Studios Global Entertainment . It was created and written by Kate Brooke . A second series was broadcast in January 2020 ." } ] }, { "value": "Tim Fraser", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2017-2018", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Homeland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Homeland_(TV_series)", "summary": "Homeland is an American spy thriller television series developed by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa based on the Israeli series Prisoners of War ( Original title Hebrew : חטופים , romanized : Hatufim , literally Abductees ) , which was created by Gideon Raff . The series stars Claire Danes as Carrie Mathison , a Central Intelligence Agency officer with bipolar disorder , and Damian Lewis as Nicholas Brody , a U.S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper . Mathison had come to believe that Brody , who was held captive by al-Qaeda as a prisoner of war , was turned by the enemy and poses a threat to the United States . The series focuses on a storyline that evolves from this premise , together with Mathison 's ongoing covert work . The series is broadcast in the U.S. on the cable channel Showtime , and is produced by Fox 21 Television Studios ( formerly Fox 21 ) . It premiered on October 2 , 2011 . The first episode was made available online more than two weeks before the television broadcast , with viewers having to complete game tasks to gain access . The series finished airing its seventh season on April 29 , 2018 , and has been renewed for an eighth and final season , which premiered on February 9 , 2020 . The series has received generally positive reviews , with its first two seasons gaining near universal praise . It has won several awards , including the 2011 and 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Drama for its first two seasons , and the 2012 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for its first season . Claire Danes has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series twice ( from five nominations ) and Damian Lewis has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series once ( from two nominations ) . Supporting cast members Mandy Patinkin , Morena Baccarin , Rupert Friend and F. Murray Abraham have also received Emmy acting nominations ." } ] }, { "value": "David Wellington", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13 episodes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Summer of Rockets", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Summer_of_Rockets", "summary": "Summer of Rockets is a six-episode British Cold War television miniseries , which premiered on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 22 May 2019 . The series was written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff and stars Keeley Hawes , Linus Roache , Timothy Spall and Toby Stephens ." } ] }, { "value": "Richard Shaw MP", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6 episodes", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Filmography -- Television", "section_text": "", "uid": "Linus_Roache_1", "intro": "Linus William Roache (born 1 February 1964) is an English actor. He is known for playing Executive ADA Michael Cutter in the NBC dramas Law & Order (2008-10) and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2011-12). More recently, Roache played Ecgberht, King of Wessex in Vikings in 2014. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for playing Robert F. Kennedy in RFK (2002) and won a Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor (TV) for his role as Ralph Wigram in The Gathering Storm (2002). His film appearances include Priest (1994), The Wings of the Dove (1997), Pandaemonium (2000), Batman Begins (2005), Non-Stop (2014), and Mandy (2018)." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game", "title": "2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game", "header": [ "Position", "Player", "Team", "All-Star Games" ], "data": [ { "value": "C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Catcher", "summary": "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ." } ] }, { "value": "Jason Castro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jason_Castro_(baseball)", "summary": "Jason Michael Castro ( born June 18 , 1987 ) is an American professional baseball catcher for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Houston Astros and Minnesota Twins . After playing college baseball at Stanford University , he was selected by the Astros in the first round of the 2008 Major League Baseball draft ( # 10 overall ) . Castro made his big league debut with Houston in 2010 . He was selected to the 2013 All-Star Game , serving as a reserve catcher ; however , he did not play in the game ." } ] }, { "value": "Astros", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Houston_Astros", "summary": "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston , Texas . The Astros compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division , having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League ( NL ) . The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League as an expansion team in 1962 along with the New York Mets . The current name , reflecting Houston 's role as the host of the Johnson Space Center , was adopted three years later , when they moved into the Astrodome , the first domed sports stadium and the so-called eighth wonder of the world . The Astros moved to a new stadium called Minute Maid Park in 2000 . The Astros played in the NL West division from 1969 to 1993 , then the NL Central division from 1994 to 2012 , before being moved to the AL West as part of a minor realignment in 2013 . The Astros posted their first winning record in 1972 and made the playoffs for the first time in 1980 . The team made its first World Series appearance in 2005 as an NL team , only to be swept by the Chicago White Sox . The team embraced sabermetrics and new technologies in the 2010s , transforming from a tanking 100-loss team into a powerhouse . The Astros won the 2017 World Series , their first championship , against the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games in the wake of Hurricane Harvey . They returned to the World Series in 2019 , losing to the Washington Nationals in seven games . On January 13 , 2020 , the Astros manager A.J ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Catcher", "summary": "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ." } ] }, { "value": "Salvador Pérez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salvador_Pérez", "summary": "Salvador Johan Pérez Diaz ( born May 10 , 1990 ) is a Venezuelan-American professional baseball catcher for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He is a six-time MLB All-Star , five-time Gold Glove Award winner , and received the World Series Most Valuable Player Award when the Royals won the 2015 World Series over the New York Mets ." } ] }, { "value": "Royals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals", "summary": "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_baseman", "summary": "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Prince Fielder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Prince_Fielder", "summary": "Prince Semien Fielder ( born May 9 , 1984 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Milwaukee Brewers , Detroit Tigers , and Texas Rangers . He was selected in the first round of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft by the Brewers out of Eau Gallie High School in Melbourne , Florida , and spent the first seven years of his MLB career with the Brewers before signing with the Tigers , in January 2012 . In November 2013 , Fielder was traded to the Rangers , where he played the remainder of his career . Fielder is a six-time All-Star . He holds the Brewers ' team record for home runs ( HR ) in a season , and is the youngest player in National League ( NL ) history to hit 50 home runs in a season . He became the first Brewer to win the Home Run Derby , defeating Nelson Cruz in the final round of the 2009 derby . Fielder also won the 2012 derby , joining Ken Griffey , Jr. and Yoenis Céspedes as the only players to win more than one derby and becoming the first player to win the Derby as both an American League ( AL ) and NL All-Star . On August 10 , 2016 , Fielder announced that he would be unable to continue his playing career after undergoing a second neck surgery in three years . He was released by the Rangers on October 4 , 2017 . He ended his career with 319 home runs , the same number as his father , Cecil Fielder . Prince and Cecil Fielder are also the only father-son duo to each hit 50 MLB home runs in a season ." } ] }, { "value": "Tigers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Detroit_Tigers", "summary": "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city . They are also the oldest continuous one name , one city franchise in the AL . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . They also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 , and 1987 as a member of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1896 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . From 1901 to 2019 , the Tigers ' overall win-loss record is 9,346-9,191 ( a winning percentage of .504 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Second_baseman", "summary": "In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Jason Kipnis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jason_Kipnis", "summary": "Jason Michael Kipnis ( born April 3 , 1987 ; nicknamed Kip ) is an American professional baseball second baseman and center fielder in the Chicago Cubs organization . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Cleveland Indians . He attended Glenbrook North High School in the suburbs of Chicago , more specifically Northbrook IL , where he earned three letters playing baseball for the Glenbrook North Spartans . He attended the University of Kentucky , but transferred to Arizona State University after two years . In college , Kipnis was an All-American and the 2009 Pacific-10 Conference Player of the Year for the Sun Devils . The Indians selected Kipnis in the second round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft . In 2010 , he was named the Indians ' Minor League Player of the Year , and a Baseball America Minor League All Star . Prior to the 2011 season , Baseball Prospectus ranked him as the top Indians prospect and the 28th-highest prospect in baseball . At mid-season , Baseball America rated him as baseball 's 31st-best prospect . He was called up from the minor leagues on July 22 , 2011 . In 2012 , he became the starting second baseman for the Indians ." } ] }, { "value": "Indians", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cleveland_Indians", "summary": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland , Ohio . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . Since 1994 , they have played at Progressive Field . The team 's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear , Arizona . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the team has won 10 Central Division titles , six American League pennants , and two World Series championships , ( in 1920 and 1948 ) . The team 's current 71-year World Series championship drought is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams . The name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season . It was a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis , a Native American , was playing for the team . Common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos , the latter referencing their former logo , Chief Wahoo . The team 's mascot is named Slider . The franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers , a minor league team in the Western League . The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was renamed the Cleveland Lake Shores ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Second_baseman", "summary": "In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Dustin Pedroia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dustin_Pedroia", "summary": "Dustin Luis Pedroia ( born August 17 , 1983 ) is an American baseball second baseman for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He is a four-time All-Star and an American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player award winner , who has also received four Gold Glove Awards and a single Silver Slugger award . Pedroia was drafted by the Red Sox in 2004 , and made his major league debut in 2006 . He became a full-time player in 2007 , winning the AL Rookie of the Year award . He was a member of the Red Sox World Series championship teams in 2007 and 2013 . He was not on the postseason roster for the Red Sox 2018 championship . Since the retirement of David Ortiz at the end of the 2016 season , Pedroia is the only player from the 2007 World Series team still with the club , and the longest tenured player on the Red Sox ' roster . Pedroia remains under contract with the Red Sox through the 2021 season . Pedroia is an above-average contact hitter with a very low strikeout rate and a surprising amount of power , whose defense at second base has been rated significantly above-average . Pedroia is the first Red Sox infielder to win four Gold Gloves ." } ] }, { "value": "Red Sox", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox", "summary": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . The team have won nine World Series championships , tied for the third-most of any MLB team , and they have played in 13 . Their most recent World Series appearance and win was in 2018 . In addition , they won the 1904 American League pennant , but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series . Founded in 1901 as one of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the Red Sox ' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912 . The Red Sox name was chosen by the team owner , John I. Taylor , circa 1908 , following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the Boston Red Stockings , including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves . The Red Sox were a dominant team in the new league , defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918 . However , they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history , dubbed the Curse of the Bambino after its alleged inception due to the Red Sox ' sale of Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their world championship in 1918 , an 86-year wait before the team 's sixth World Championship in 2004 . The team 's history during that period was punctuated with some of the most memorable moments in World Series history , including Enos Slaughter 's mad dash in 1946 , the Impossible Dream of 1967 , Carlton Fisk 's home run in 1975 , and Bill Buckner 's error in 1986 . Following their victory in the 2018 World Series , they became the first team to win four World Series trophies in the 21st century , with championships in 2004 , 2007 , 2013 and 2018 . The team 's history has also been marked by the team 's intense rivalry with the New York Yankees , arguably the fiercest and most historic in North American professional sports ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Second_baseman", "summary": "In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Ben Zobrist", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ben_Zobrist", "summary": "Benjamin Thomas Zobrist ( /ˈzoʊbrɪst/ ; born May 26 , 1981 ) , nicknamed Zorilla , is an American professional baseball second baseman and outfielder who is a free agent . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays , his first MLB club and where he spent the majority of his career , as well as for the Oakland Athletics , Kansas City Royals and Chicago Cubs . Zobrist has played in three World Series , winning the last two becoming a two-time World Series champion in consecutive seasons of 2015 with the Royals and 2016 with the Cubs . Zobrist was the 2016 World Series Most Valuable Player . He is one of seven players in MLB history to have won back-to back World Series championships on different teams , the other six being Jake Peavy , Jack Morris , Bill Skowron , Clem Labine , Don Gullett , and Ryan Theriot . A versatile defender and a switch-hitter with a high walk rate , he has played roughly half his innings at second base , and has also spent significant time at shortstop and various outfield positions . Thus , he has often been referred to as a super utility player ." } ] }, { "value": "Rays", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays", "summary": "The Tampa Bay Rays are an American professional baseball team based in St. Petersburg , Florida . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) East division . Since its inception , the team 's home venue has been Tropicana Field . Following nearly three decades of unsuccessfully trying to gain an expansion franchise or enticing existing teams to relocate to the Tampa Bay Area , an ownership group led by Vince Naimoli was approved on March 9 , 1995 . The Tampa Bay Devil Rays began play in the 1998 Major League Baseball season . Their first decade of play , however , was marked by futility ; they finished in last place in the AL East in all but the 2004 season , when they finished second to last . Following the 2007 season , Stuart Sternberg , who had purchased controlling interest in the team from Vince Naimoli two years earlier , changed the team 's name from Devil Rays to Rays , now meant to primarily refer to a burst of sunshine rather than a manta ray , though a manta ray logo remains on the uniform sleeves . The 2008 season saw the Tampa Bay Rays post their first winning season , their first AL East championship , and their first pennant ( defeating the rival Boston Red Sox in the ALCS ) , though they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies in that year 's World Series . Since then , the Rays have played in the postseason in 2010 , 2011 , 2013 , and 2019 . The Tampa Bay Rays ' chief rivals are the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees . Regarding the former , there have been several notable on-field incidents . The Rays also have an intrastate interleague rivalry with the National League ( NL ) 's Miami Marlins ( originally the Florida Marlins ) , whom they play in the Citrus Series ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Third_baseman", "summary": "A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast ." } ] }, { "value": "Manny Machado", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manny_Machado", "summary": "Manuel Arturo Machado ( Spanish : [ maˈtʃaðo ] ; born July 6 , 1992 ) is a Dominican-American professional baseball third baseman and shortstop for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Very highly recruited from an early age , he was raised in Miami , where he attended Brito High School and was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles with the third overall pick in the 2010 Major League Baseball draft . He bats and throws right-handed . Machado made his MLB debut in August 2012 . In 2013 , Machado earned a spot on the American League ( AL ) All-Star team on his way to leading the league in doubles with 51 . He was also recognized as one of the best fielders in the game , winning a Gold Glove Award . Machado won his second Gold Glove in 2015 , and made the All-Star Game in 2015 and 2016 . His defensive prowess has earned him frequent comparisons to former Orioles third baseman and Hall of Famer Brooks Robinson . In 2018 , Machado was hitting .313 with 21 home runs and 60 RBIs , and made his fourth All-Star appearance . An impending free agent , he was then traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers the day after the game and helped the team make the World Series . Machado struggled in the series , batting just .182 with no extra base hits as the Dodgers fell to the Boston Red Sox . That offseason , Machado signed a 10-year , $ 300 million contract with the Padres , the richest contract in the history of North American sports at the time ." } ] }, { "value": "Orioles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles", "summary": "The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore , Maryland . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . As one of the American League 's eight charter teams in 1901 , this particular franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee , Wisconsin , as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis , Missouri , to become the St. Louis Browns in 1902 . After 52 years in St. Louis , the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests led by attorney and civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro , Jr . The team 's current owner is American trial lawyer Peter Angelos . The Orioles adopted their team name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland ; it had also been used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore , including another AL charter member franchise also named the Baltimore Orioles , which moved north in 1903 to eventually become the New York Yankees . Nicknames for the team include the O 's and the Birds . The Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983 , when they made six World Series appearances , winning three of them ( 1966 , 1970 , 1983 ) . This era of the club featured several future Hall of Famers who would later be inducted representing the Orioles , such as third baseman Brooks Robinson , outfielder Frank Robinson , starting pitcher Jim Palmer , first baseman Eddie Murray , shortstop Cal Ripken Jr. , and manager Earl Weaver . The Orioles have won a total of nine division championships ( 1969-1971 , 1973-1974 , 1979 , 1983 , 1997 , 2014 ) , six pennants ( 1966 , 1969-1971 , 1979 , 1983 ) , and three wild card berths ( 1996 , 2012 , 2016 ) . Since moving to Baltimore in 1954 , the franchise has a win-loss record of 5306-5174 ( with a winning percentage of .506 ) as of the end of the 2019 season . After suffering a stretch of 14 straight losing seasons from 1998 to 2011 , the team qualified for the postseason three times under manager Buck Showalter and general manager Dan Duquette , including a division title and advancement to the American League Championship Series for the first time in 17 years in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "SS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shortstop", "summary": "Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base ." } ] }, { "value": "Jhonny Peralta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jhonny_Peralta", "summary": "Jhonny Antonio Peralta ( born May 28 , 1982 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman who played 15 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . The Cleveland Indians signed him as an amateur free agent in his native Dominican Republic in 1999 , and he made his major league debut for the Indians on June 12 , 2003 . He subsequently played for the Detroit Tigers and St. Louis Cardinals . A solid hitter with power , Peralta has rated average defensively . He throws and bats right-handed , stands 6 feet 2 inches ( 1.88 m ) , and weighs 225 pounds ( 102 kg ) . Peralta was the 2004 Indians Minor League Player of the Year as well as the International League Most Valuable Player for one of Cleveland 's minor league affiliates , the Buffalo Bisons , after batting .326 with 44 doubles , 15 home runs and 86 runs batted in . Buffalo was also the International League champion that same season . Each year from 2005 through 2015 , Peralta reached at least 100 hits , and double figures in both home runs and doubles . He is a three-time MLB All-Star selection . He set single-season home run records for shortstops for two franchises - for the Indians in 2005 , and the Cardinals in 2014 . While a member of the Tigers in 2013 , he served a 50-game suspension for his role in the Biogenesis performance-enhancing drug scandal . In 2017 he batted .204/.259/.204 , and in July 2017 he was released by the Red Sox ." } ] }, { "value": "Tigers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Detroit_Tigers", "summary": "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city . They are also the oldest continuous one name , one city franchise in the AL . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . They also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 , and 1987 as a member of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1896 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . From 1901 to 2019 , the Tigers ' overall win-loss record is 9,346-9,191 ( a winning percentage of .504 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "OF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outfielder", "summary": "An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr ." } ] }, { "value": "Nelson Cruz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nelson_Cruz", "summary": "Nelson Ramón Cruz Martínez ( born July 1 , 1980 ) is a Dominican-American professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Milwaukee Brewers , Texas Rangers , Baltimore Orioles , and Seattle Mariners . Cruz is a six-time MLB All-Star . He was named the Most Valuable Player of the 2011 American League Championship Series , in which he hit six home runs and recorded 13 runs batted in , both MLB records for a single postseason series . On August 5 , 2013 , Cruz was suspended 50 games by Major League Baseball for his involvement in the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In 2014 , he led the American League in home runs as a member of the Orioles . He hit 346 home runs in the 2010s , more than any other player ." } ] }, { "value": "Rangers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)", "summary": "The Texas Rangers are an American professional baseball team based in Arlington , Texas , located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . In 2020 , they will move to the new Globe Life Field after having played at Globe Life Park in Arlington from 1994 to 2019 . The team 's name is borrowed from the famous law enforcement agency of the same name . The franchise was established in 1961 as the Washington Senators , an expansion team awarded to Washington , D.C. , after the city 's first AL ballclub , the second Washington Senators , moved to Minnesota and became the Twins ( the original Washington Senators played primarily in the National League during the 1890s ) . After the 1971 season , the new Senators moved to Arlington , and debuted as the Rangers the following spring . The Rangers have made eight appearances in the MLB postseason , seven following division championships in 1996 , 1998 , 1999 , 2010 , 2011 , 2015 , and 2016 and as a wild card team in 2012 . In 2010 , the Rangers advanced past the Division Series for the first time , defeating the Tampa Bay Rays . The team then brought home their first American League pennant after beating the New York Yankees in six games . In the 2010 World Series , the franchise 's first , the Rangers fell to the San Francisco Giants in five games . They repeated as American League champions the following year , then lost the 2011 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "OF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outfielder", "summary": "An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr ." } ] }, { "value": "Alex Gordon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alex_Gordon", "summary": "Alexander Jonathan Gordon ( born February 10 , 1984 ) is an American professional baseball left fielder for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Prior to playing professionally , Gordon attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln , where he played college baseball for the Nebraska Cornhuskers . At Nebraska , Gordon won the Brooks Wallace Award , Dick Howser Trophy , and Golden Spikes Award in 2005 . That year , the Royals selected Gordon with the second overall pick in the 2005 MLB Draft . Gordon made his major league debut at a third baseman , but had an inconsistent beginning to his career . In 2010 , the Royals made Gordon an outfielder . Gordon was a member of the Royals ' 2015 World Series championship team , and signed a free agent contract that offseason to remain with the team . Gordon has won seven Gold Glove Awards , four Fielding Bible Awards , and a Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Award in MLB , all after the move from third base ." } ] }, { "value": "Royals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals", "summary": "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "OF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outfielder", "summary": "An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr ." } ] }, { "value": "Torii Hunter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Torii_Hunter", "summary": "Torii Kedar Hunter ( /ˈtɔːriː/ ; born July 18 , 1975 ) is an American former professional baseball center fielder and right fielder . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Minnesota Twins , Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim , and Detroit Tigers from 1997 through 2015 . Hunter was a five-time All-Star , won nine consecutive Gold Glove Awards as a center fielder , and was a two-time Silver Slugger Award winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Tigers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Detroit_Tigers", "summary": "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city . They are also the oldest continuous one name , one city franchise in the AL . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . They also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 , and 1987 as a member of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1896 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . From 1901 to 2019 , the Tigers ' overall win-loss record is 9,346-9,191 ( a winning percentage of .504 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DH", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Designated_hitter", "summary": "In baseball , the designated hitter rule is the common name for Major League Baseball Rule 5.11 , adopted by the American League in 1973 . The rule allows teams to have one player , known as the designated hitter ( or DH ) , to bat in place of the pitcher . Since 1973 , most collegiate , amateur , and professional leagues have adopted the rule or some variant . MLB 's National League and Nippon Professional Baseball 's Central League are the most prominent professional leagues that do not use a designated hitter ." } ] }, { "value": "Edwin Encarnación", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edwin_Encarnación", "summary": "Edwin Elpidio Encarnación ( born January 7 , 1983 ) is a Dominican professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter for the Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Cincinnati Reds , Toronto Blue Jays , Cleveland Indians , Seattle Mariners , and New York Yankees . Encarnación is a three-time All-Star ." } ] }, { "value": "Blue Jays", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays", "summary": "The Toronto Blue Jays are a Canadian professional baseball team based in Toronto , Ontario . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . The team plays its home games at Rogers Centre . The name Blue Jays originates from the bird of the same name , and blue is also the traditional colour of two of Toronto 's other professional sports teams : the Maple Leafs ( ice hockey ) and the Argonauts ( Canadian football ) . In addition , the team was originally owned by the Labatt Brewing Company , makers of the popular beer Labatt 's Blue . Colloquially nicknamed the Jays , the team 's official colours are royal blue , navy blue , red , and white . An expansion franchise , the club was founded in Toronto in 1977 . Originally based at Exhibition Stadium , the team began playing its home games at SkyDome upon its opening in 1989 . Since 2000 , the Blue Jays have been owned by Rogers Communications and in 2004 , SkyDome was purchased by that company , which renamed it Rogers Centre . They are the second MLB franchise to be based outside the United States , and currently the only team based outside the U.S. after the first Canadian franchise , the Montreal Expos , became the Washington Nationals in 2005 . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , the Blue Jays went through struggles typical of an expansion team , frequently finishing in last place in its division . In 1983 , the team had its first winning season and two years later , they became division champions ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "American League", "section_text": "Elected starters Position Player Team All-Star Games C Joe Mauer Twins 6 1B Chris Davis Orioles 1 2B Robinson Canó Yankees 5 3B Miguel Cabrera Tigers 8 SS J. J. Hardy Orioles 2 OF Mike Trout Angels 2 OF Adam Jones Orioles 3 OF José Bautista Blue Jays 4 DH David Ortiz Red Sox 9", "uid": "2013_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game_1", "intro": "The 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 84th edition of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. It was held on Tuesday, July 16, 2013 at Citi Field in Queens, New York City, the home of the New York Mets. This was the first time that the Mets have hosted an All-Star Game since 1964, the team's inaugural season at Shea Stadium, and the ninth time the All-Star Game was held in New York City. The game was last held in New York City in 2008, when the old Yankee Stadium hosted it in its final season before being demolished. It was televised in the United States on Fox. The American League shut out the National League for the seventh time in All-Star game history, marking the first time that there have been shutouts in consecutive All-Star games." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sega_Genesis_games", "title": "List of Sega Genesis games", "header": [ "Title", "Developer", "Publisher", "Year" ], "data": [ { "value": "16t", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aworg : Hero In The Sky", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Columns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Columns_(video_game)", "summary": "Columns ( Japanese : コラムス , Hepburn : Koramusu ) is a match-three puzzle video game created by Jay Geertsen in 1989 . Early versions of the game were ported across early computer platforms and Atari ST . In 1990 , Jay Geertsen sold the rights to Sega , who ported the game to several Sega consoles ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Flicky", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flicky", "summary": "Flicky [ a ] is a platform game developed by Sega and released in arcades in May 1984 . In Flicky , the player controls the eponymous blue bird and must gather all the small birds called Chirps in each round and bring them safely to the exit . There are cat and lizard enemies which can disperse the Chirps and kill the player , but Flicky can use items on the playing field to protect herself and the Chirps from danger . The idea for Flicky came from Sega senior leadership , who wanted to exceed the success of Namco 's Mappy ( 1983 ) . Yoji Ishii and Yoshiki Kawasaki developed Flicky at Sega over one year . Originally , the game simply had the player catch ambiguous dots in a maze . Taking inspiration from a popular song in a Japanese variety show , Kawasaki gave the game an urban theme and bird characters . The game was originally titled Busty , then Flippy , before finally settling on Flicky . Flicky was first ported to the SG-1000 in Japan , and then later to other Japanese home consoles . In 1991 , Flicky was released in North America and Europe on the Sega Genesis . The character has continued to hold cameo appearances in Sega video games , most notably within the Sonic the Hedgehog series ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forbidden City", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sunsoft", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sunsoft", "summary": "Sunsoft ( サンソフト , Sansofuto ) , stylized as SUNSOFT , is a Japanese video game developer and publisher . Sunsoft in itself is not a company , but instead the brand name of Japanese electronic manufacturer Sun Corporation for its video games operations . Its U.S. subsidiary operated under the name Sun Corporation of America , though , as in Japan , games published there showed a logo that read only Sunsoft ." } ] }, { "value": "Sunsoft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hyper Marbles", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ikazuse ! Koi no Doki Doki Penguin Land MD", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kiss Shot", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Medal City", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mega Mind", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paddle Fighter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Amia 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Anne 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Huey 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Kinds 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Nei 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Rudger 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Shilka 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phantasy Star II : Eusis 's Adventure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phantasy_Star_II_Text_Adventures", "summary": "Phantasy Star ( ファンタシースター , Fantashī Sutā ) is a series of console role-playing video games and other supplementary media created by Sega . The series debuted in 1987 on the Master System with Phantasy Star , and continues into the present with Phantasy Star Online 2 and other extensions of the Phantasy Star Online sub-series . Each of the games in the series features a science fantasy setting featuring a cross-genre combination of magic and technology . The first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol , and are single-player turn-based role-playing games . Later games in the series are chiefly action role-playing games , and some contain massively multiplayer online game elements . There are currently four distinct Phantasy Star subseries , each set in their own universe . Cameos or nods to other subseries may appear , and there are concepts and terminology shared across them , similarly to Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Putter Golf", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Sega Meganet titles", "section_text": "Sega Meganet , also known as the Net Work System , was an online service for the Mega Drive in Japan . Utilizing dial-up Internet access , Meganet was Sega 's first online multiplayer gaming service , and functioned on a pay to play basis . The system functioned through the use of a peripheral called the Mega Modem and offered several unique titles that could be downloaded , and a few could be played competitively with friends . In addition , it shared technology and equipment with more serious services such as the Mega Anser , used for banking purposes . Though the system was announced for North America under the rebranded name `` Tele-Genesis '' , it was never released for that region . [ 52 ] The Meganet service utilized its own library of titles , independent of the Mega Drive library . Most of these games never received a cartridge release ; however , Columns , Flicky , Fatal Labyrinth , and Teddy Boy Blues each later saw cartridge versions . Several Meganet games would also later appear in the Game no Kanzume series , released for the Mega-CD exclusively in Japan . Most games for the service were small , at around 128kB per game , due to the limits of Internet connection speeds at the time . [ 53 ] Downloads were estimated to take about five to eight minutes to complete . [ 52 ] All of the Meganet games were available through the Sega Game Library , accessed through the Meganet modem . Due to issues with long-distance charges through the use of telephone lines , as well as seconds of lag time between commands , only two games featured competitive play : Tel-Tel Stadium and Tel-Tel Mahjong , with the remainder of the games available for single players via download . Due to Sega 's reluctance to commit to releasing the service in North America , third-party developers in that region were unwilling to invest in developing games specifically for Meganet . This resulted in a low number of titles created for the service . [ 52 ] The following list contains all of the titles released for the Meganet service . All titles in this list were released in Japan only . There were 31 games on the Meganet .", "uid": "List_of_Sega_Genesis_games_1", "intro": "The Sega Genesis, known as the Mega Drive (Japanese: メガドライブ, Hepburn: Mega Doraibu) in regions outside of North America, is a 16-bit video game console that was developed and sold by Sega. First released in Japan in 1988, in North America on August 14, 1989 and in PAL regions in 1990, the Genesis is Sega's third console and the successor to the Master System. The system supports a library of more than 700 games created both by Sega and a wide array of third-party publishers and delivered on ROM cartridges. It can also play the complete library of Master System games when the separately sold Power Base Converter is installed. The Sega Genesis also benefited from numerous peripherals, including the Sega CD and Sega 32X, several network services, and multiple first-party and third-party variations of the console that focused on extending its functionality. The console and its games continue to be popular among fans, collectors, video game music fans, and emulation enthusiasts. Licensed third party re-releases of the console are still being produced, and several indie game developers continue to produce games for it. Many games have also been re-released in compilations for newer consoles and offered for download on various digital distribution services, such as Virtual Console, Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, and Steam. The Genesis library was initially modest, but eventually grew to contain games to appeal to all types of players. The initial pack-in title was Altered Beast, which was later replaced with Sonic the Hedgehog. Top sellers included Sonic the Hedgehog, its sequel Sonic the Hedgehog 2, and Disney's Aladdin. During development for the console, Sega Enterprises in Japan focused on developing action games while Sega of America was tasked with developing sports games." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_UCI_Women's_Road_World_Cup", "title": "2005 UCI Women's Road World Cup", "header": [ "Date", "Event", "Country", "Winner" ], "data": [ { "value": "27 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Australia World Cup , Geelong", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia_World_Cup", "summary": "The Australia World Cup was a women 's professional road bicycle racing event held annually in Australia from 1998 to 2008 as part of the UCI Women 's Road World Cup . The location of the race varied : in 1998 , it was held in Sydney ; from 1999 to 2001 , it was held in Canberra ; in 2002 it was held in the Snowy Mountains and ; from 2003 to 2008 it was held in Geelong , Victoria ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Geelong", "summary": "Geelong ( /dʒɪˈlɒŋ/ ) is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River , in the state of Victoria , Australia . Geelong is 75 kilometres ( 47 mi ) south-west of the state capital , Melbourne . It is the second largest Victorian city , with an estimated urban population of 268,277 as of June 2018 . Geelong runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south , with Corio Bay to the east and the Barrabool Hills to the west . Geelong is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality , which covers urban , rural and coastal areas surrounding the city , including the Bellarine Peninsula . [ note 1 ] Geelong was named in 1827 , with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region , Djillong , thought to mean land or cliffs or tongue of land or peninsula . Geelong City is also known as the 'Gateway City ' due to its central location to surrounding Victorian regional centres like Ballarat in the north west , Torquay , Great Ocean Road and Warrnambool in the southwest , Hamilton , Colac and Winchelsea to the west , and the state capital of Melbourne in the north east . The area was first surveyed in 1838 , three weeks after Melbourne . The post office was open by June 1840 ( the second to open in the Port Phillip District ) . The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District . During the gold rush , Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district . The city then diversified into manufacturing , and during the 1860s , it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills , ropeworks , and paper mills ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Rochelle Gilmore ( AUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rochelle_Gilmore", "summary": "Rochelle Gilmore ( born 14 December 1981 in Sutherland , New South Wales ) is an Australian former racing cyclist currently living in Italy . She is the owner and manager of Wiggle High5 . Gilmore previously rode for G.S . Safi-Pasta Zara-Manhattan . She splits her time between the road circuit and the track World Cup . In 2006 , she won a stage at the Geelong Women 's Tour , took second in the Commonwealth Games points race ( behind teammate Kate Bates ) , and earned top five finishes in a Giro d'Italia Femminile stage , the Geelong World Cup , and the Liberty Classic . Gilmore is often referred to in the media as the 'bridesmaid ' , as she constantly finished runner-up in many events . In the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi , she broke the jinx and won the gold medal in the 112 km road bicycle racing event . After her retirement she said she felt she achieved her maximum potential during her career through hard work and extensive preparation . In her teens she competed in track cycling ( velodrome ) but specialised in road racing for more than 10 years . In addition to founding Wiggle-Honda , in January 2015 Gilmore announced the launch of the High5 Dream Team , an Australian women 's team competing in Australia 's National Road Series aiming to help riders progress to road racing in Europe and to fill a gap created by Cycling Australia suspending its women 's development programme due to financial problems . In a blogpost for cyclingnews.com in November 2015 Gilmore announced that she had retired from competition ." } ] }, { "value": "6 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Zealand World Cup", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Zealand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Zealand", "summary": "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ." } ] }, { "value": "Suzanne De Goede ( NED )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Suzanne_De_Goede", "summary": "Suzanne de Goede ( born 16 April 1984 ) is a former Dutch professional racing cyclist ." } ] }, { "value": "19 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Primavera Rosa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Primavera_Rosa", "summary": "The Primavera Rosa was an elite women 's professional one-day road bicycle race held between 1999 and 2005 in Liguria , Italy as part of the UCI Women 's Road Cycling World Cup . The race was a female version of Milan-San Remo being organised on the same day and finishing in Sanremo shortly before the men but racing over a shorter distance , hence the start was in Varazze . The 2006 edition was initially planned but cancelled before the event ." } ] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "Trixi Worrack ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trixi_Worrack", "summary": "Beatrix Trixi Worrack ( born 28 September 1981 in Cottbus ) is a German professional road racing cyclist , who currently rides for UCI Women 's WorldTeam Trek-Segafredo . The 2003 German national road race champion , Worrack 's career highlights include winning the 2005 Primavera Rosa ( the women 's Milan-San Remo ) , capturing the overall title at the 2004 Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin and competing in the women 's road race and time trial at the 2004 Summer Olympics and in the road race and the Women 's time trial at the 2012 Summer Olympics . In November 2015 she was announced as part of the Canyon-SRAM team 's inaugural squad for the 2016 season ." } ] }, { "value": "3 April", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tour of Flanders for Women", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tour_of_Flanders_for_Women", "summary": "The Tour of Flanders for Women ( Dutch : Ronde van Vlaanderen voor Vrouwen ) is the women 's edition of the Tour of Flanders , an annual road bicycle racing event in Flanders , Belgium , held in early April . It is held on the same day as the men 's race , on much of the same roads but at a shorter distance . Dutch rider Mirjam Melchers and German Judith Arndt hold the record with two wins . Dutch rider Anna van der Breggen won the most recent race in 2018 . The event has been held annually since 2004 on the same day as the men 's race . From 2004 to 2015 it was part of the UCI Women 's Road World Cup . Since 2016 , the race is included in the UCI Women 's World Tour , cycling 's top-tier female elite competition . Since the first edition , organisers have included more climbs and extended the race gradually from 94 km in the first edition to 157 km in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Belgium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgium", "summary": "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ." } ] }, { "value": "Mirjam Melchers ( NED )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mirjam_Melchers", "summary": "Maria Wilhelmina Johanna Mirjam Melchers-Van Poppel ( born September 26 , 1975 in Arnhem , Gelderland ) is a female former racing cyclist from the Netherlands , married to former sprinter Jean-Paul van Poppel . She was one of the leading cyclists in the world , having held the UCI number one ranking [ when ? ] as well as winning highly rated races . She was a one-day specialist but has managed smaller stage races . In 2003 , she won the GP Feminas Castilla y Leon round of the World Cup and finished third overall in the series behind Nicole Cooke and German sprinter Regina Schleicher . Melchers also finished first in the Damesronde van Drenthe and the Emakumeen Bira , before bringing her season to a close with a silver medal at the world championship road race in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada . On September 7 , 2006 Melchers crashed during the third stage of the Euregio Tour . She broke her pelvis , a hip and her jaw ." } ] }, { "value": "20 April", "urls": [] }, { "value": "La Flèche Wallonne Féminine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/La_Flèche_Wallonne_Féminine", "summary": "La Flèche Wallonne Féminine is a professional women 's bicycle road race held each year in Wallonia , Belgium , in April . It is part of the UCI Women 's World Tour , cycling 's season-long competition of top-tier races , in which it is the third-oldest single-day event after the Trofeo Alfredo Binda in Italy and the Emakumeen Euskal Bira in the Basque Country . The event is raced on the same day as La Flèche Wallonne for men . The race was inaugurated by Tour de France organizers ASO in 1998 and quickly became a road race classic . From 1999 onwards , the women 's Flèche Wallonne was a UCI Women 's Road Cycling World Cup event . In 2016 , the race became part of the new UCI Women 's World Tour . The Flèche Wallonne Féminine is held in conjunction with the men 's race , on much of the same roads but at a shorter distance . Likewise , the race always finishes on the steep Mur de Huy . Two Dutch riders hold the record with five wins . Marianne Vos between 2007 and 2013 . Fellow Dutch Anna van der Breggen won her fifth consecutive Flèche Wallonne in 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Belgium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgium", "summary": "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ." } ] }, { "value": "Nicole Cooke ( GBR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nicole_Cooke", "summary": "Nicole Denise Cooke , MBE ( born 13 April 1983 ) is a Welsh former professional road bicycle racer and Commonwealth , Olympic and World road race champion . Cooke announced her retirement from the sport on 14 January 2013 at the age of 29 ." } ] }, { "value": "8 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GP Castilla y León", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "Susanne Ljungskog ( SWE )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Susanne_Ljungskog", "summary": "Susanne Ljungskog ( born 16 March 1976 in Halmstad ) is a Swedish cyclist . A four-time Olympian ( 1996 , 2000 , 2004 and 2008 ) , she won the world road race championship in 2002 and 2003 . The same years , she was UCI points champion . She has also won two World Cup races . Ljungskog received the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 2002 ." } ] }, { "value": "28 May", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Coupe du Monde Cycliste Féminine de Montréal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coupe_du_Monde_Cycliste_Féminine_de_Montréal", "summary": "The Coupe du Monde Cycliste Féminine de Montréal ( English : Women 's Cycling World Cup of Montreal , or simply Montreal World Cup ) was an elite women 's professional road bicycle racing event held annually between 1998 and 2009 in Montréal , Quebec , Canada as part of the UCI Women 's Road Cycling World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Canada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canada", "summary": "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "Geneviève Jeanson ( CAN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Geneviève_Jeanson", "summary": "Geneviève Jeanson ( born August 29 , 1981 ) is a former professional bicycle racer from Quebec , Canada . She won the world junior road and time trial championships in 1999 and the Tour de Snowy in 2000 . Later that year she won La Flèche Wallonne World Cup race . She joined the Canadian Olympic team that year . She acknowledged in a documentary on Radio-Canada ( the French-language CBC ) on September 20 , 2007 , that she had been administered EPO more or less continuously since she was 16 years old . After residing in Phoenix , Arizona and San Diego , California ( where she studied sociology and psychology ) , Jeanson came back to Lachine , Quebec in 2012 to live with her once estranged parents and complete her college-level education at the Saint-Anne Collégial International . In autumn 2014 , she attended Concordia University , in Montreal , where she studied neuroscience . Jeanson currently lives with her common law husband and works in the fitness industry ." } ] }, { "value": "21 August", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GP of Wales", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Judith Arndt ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Judith_Arndt", "summary": "Judith Arndt ( born 23 July 1976 ) is a retired German professional cyclist , who last rode for the GreenEDGE-AIS cycling team . She won the bronze medal in the 3000 m pursuit event at the 1996 Summer Olympics when she was 20 . In 2004 , she won the world road race championship and came second in the Olympic road race ." } ] }, { "value": "27 August", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GP de Plouay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/GP_de_Plouay", "summary": "The Grand Prix de Plouay - Lorient Agglomération is an elite professional women 's road bicycle race held in Plouay , France . It is organized annually since 2002 , on the day of the men 's race and on the same circuit . The race consists of four 26,9 km laps and two 13,9 km lap , totalling 135,4 km . The race was part of the UCI Women 's Road World Cup until 2015 . In 2016 , the race became part of the new UCI Women 's World Tour ." } ] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Noemi Cantele ( ITA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Noemi_Cantele", "summary": "Noemi Cantele ( born July 17 , 1981 ) is a professional road bicycle racer . In 2012 , she rides for the Be Pink team in women 's elite professional events on the National Racing Calendar and UCI Women 's World Cup . She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women 's road race and the Women 's time trial ." } ] }, { "value": "4 September", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lowland International Rotterdam Tour", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lowland_International_Rotterdam_Tour", "summary": "The Rotterdam Tour , in its first two editions called the Tour Beneden-Maas , was an elite women 's professional one-day road bicycle race held between 1998 and 2006 in Rotterdam , Netherlands as part of the UCI Women 's Road Cycling World Cup . For commercial reasons the race was also known as Lowland International Rotterdam Tour ." } ] }, { "value": "Netherlands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ." } ] }, { "value": "Ina-Yoko Teutenberg ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ina-Yoko_Teutenberg", "summary": "Ina-Yoko Teutenberg ( born 28 October 1974 ) is a German former road bicycle racer , who competed professionally between 2000 and 2013 for the Red Bull Frankfurt , Saturn Cycling Team and Specialized-lululemon teams . She took over 200 wins during her career , including 11 stages of the Giro Rosa , the 2009 Tour of Flanders , and being part of the Team Specialized-lululemon team that won the World Team Time Trial Championship in 2012 . She now works as a directeur sportif for UCI Women 's Team Trek-Segafredo ." } ] }, { "value": "11 September", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rund um die Nürnberger Altstadt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rund_um_die_Nürnberger_Altstadt", "summary": "Rund um die Nürnberger Altstadt ( English : Tour of Old Town Nuremberg ) is an elite men 's and women 's professional road bicycle racing event held each September in the old town section of Nuremberg , Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Giorgia Bronzini ( ITA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giorgia_Bronzini", "summary": "Giorgia Bronzini ( born 3 August 1983 ) is an Italian professional racing cyclist . She was born in Piacenza . She won the women 's road race in the UCI Road World Championships in both 2010 and 2011 and the women 's points race in the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2009 . She has taken a total of 80 victories on the road and the track , including stages of the Giro Rosa , the Route de France Féminine , the Tour of Qatar , the Tour of California , and the Tour of Chongming Island . After a 16-year career , in August 2018 Bronzini announced that she would retire at the end of the season and become a directeur sportif with Trek Bicycle Corporation 's new women 's team in 2019 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Races", "section_text": "", "uid": "2005_UCI_Women's_Road_World_Cup_0", "intro": "The 2005 UCI Women's Road World Cup was the eighth edition of the UCI Women's Road World Cup. It was contested over eleven rounds; in addition to the races in 2004, there was the return of the New Zealand World Cup and the GP of Wales. Oenone Wood won her second consecutive overall title." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_horror_films_of_1966", "title": "List of horror films of 1966", "header": [ "Title", "Director", "Cast", "Country" ], "data": [ { "value": "An Angel for Satan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/An_Angel_for_Satan", "summary": "An Angel for Satan ( Italian : Un angelo per Satana ) is a 1966 Italian horror film directed by Camillo Mastrocinque . It stars Barbara Steele in a dual role , as Harriet Montebruno / Belinda , and is set in a small Italian village by a lake . It is based on a short novel by Luigi Emmanuele . This was Barbara Steele 's last Italian Gothic ." } ] }, { "value": "Camillo Mastrocinque", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Camillo_Mastrocinque", "summary": "Camillo Mastrocinque ( 11 May 1901 - 23 April 1969 ) was an Italian film director and screenwriter . He directed 63 films between 1937 and 1968 . He is known to horror film fans for directing Terror in the Crypt ( 1964 ) starring Christopher Lee , and An Angel for Satan ( 1966 ) starring Barbara Steele ." } ] }, { "value": "Barbara Steele , Antonio De Teffé , Pier Anna Quaglia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barbara_Steele", "summary": "Barbara Steele ( born 29 December 1937 ) is a British film actress and producer . Famous for her starring in Italian Gothic horror films of the 1960s , her breakthrough performance was in Black Sunday ( 1960 ) , where she played the dual role of Asa and Princess Katia Vajda . Additionally , Steele had supporting parts in Federico Fellini 's 8½ ( 1963 ) , and appeared on television in the 1991 miniseries Dark Shadows . Steele has appeared in several films in the 2010s , including a lead role in The Butterfly Room ( 2012 ) and supporting role in Ryan Gosling 's Lost River ( 2014 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Antonio_De_Teffé", "summary": "Anthony Steffen , born Antonio Luiz de Teffé von Hoonholtz ( July 21 , 1930 - June 4 , 2004 ) , was an Italian and Brazilian film actor , screenwriter and film producer . Steffen achieved fame as a leading man in Spaghetti Western features . He was also known as Antonio Luigi de Teffe ." } ] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Billy the Kid vs. Dracula", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Billy_the_Kid_vs._Dracula", "summary": "Billy the Kid Versus Dracula is a 1966 American horror-Western film directed by William Beaudine . The film is about Billy the Kid ( Chuck Courtney ) trying to save his fiancée from Dracula ( John Carradine ) . The film was originally released as part of a double feature along with Jesse James Meets Frankenstein 's Daughter in 1966 . Both films were shot in eight days at Corriganville Movie Ranch and at Paramount Studios in mid-1965 ; both were the final feature films of director William Beaudine . The films were produced by television producer Carroll Case for Joseph E. Levine ." } ] }, { "value": "William Beaudine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Beaudine", "summary": "William Washington Beaudine ( January 15 , 1892 - March 18 , 1970 ) was an American film actor and director . He was one of Hollywood 's most prolific directors , turning out films in remarkable numbers and in a wide variety of genres ." } ] }, { "value": "Chuck Courtney , John Carradine , Melinda Plowman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chuck_Courtney_(actor)", "summary": "Charles T. Courtney Jr. ( July 23 , 1930 - January 20 , 2000 ) was an American actor and stuntman perhaps best known for his portrayal of Dan Reid Jr. , the Lone Ranger 's nephew , in the television version of The Lone Ranger . Courtney 's mother , Elizabeth Courtney , was a costume designer at Columbia . Courtney first played Reid in The Lone Ranger in 1950 . Between then and 1955 , he made 13 more appearances in that role . He appeared in films and television series ' such as The Virginian , Pet Sematary , The Wild Wild West , Rio Lobo , Wagon Train , The Cowboys , Billy the Kid Versus Dracula and Star Trek . On January 20 , 2000 , Courtney died at his home as the result of a self-inflicted gunshot wound ." }, { "url": "/wiki/John_Carradine", "summary": "John Carradine ( born Richmond Reed Carradine ; February 5 , 1906 - November 27 , 1988 ) was an American actor , one of the most prolific and famed character actors in Hollywood history . A member of Cecil B. DeMille 's stock company and later John Ford 's company , best known for his roles in horror films , Westerns , and Shakespearean theatre . In the latter decades of his career , he starred mostly in low-budget B-movies , but continued to also appear in higher-profile fare . In total , he holds 351 film and television credits , making him one of the most prolific English-speaking actors of all time . Carradine was married four times , had five children , and was the patriarch of the Carradine family , including four of his sons and four of his grandchildren who are or were also actors ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Black Cat", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Harold Hoffman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert Frost , Robyn Baker , Sadie French", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Blood Bath", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Blood_Bath", "summary": "Blood Bath is a 1966 American horror film directed by Jack Hill and Stephanie Rothman , starring William Campbell , Linda Saunders , Marissa Mathes , and Sid Haig . The film concerns a delusional painter in Venice Beach , California who believes himself to be the reincarnation of a vampire . He begins to kidnap local women for his art pieces , and comes to believe that he has found his reincarnated mistress in the person of an avant-garde ballerina . Blood Bath had a complex and troubled production history , marked by various cuts and reshoots . In 1963 Roger Corman had co-produced a Yugoslavia-made spy thriller called Operation : Titian , but the film was deemed unreleasable . Corman purchased the rights to another film and assigned writer-director Jack Hill to write a new script . This time , it was a horror film that incorporated the previous footage from Operation : Titian . Hill wrote and directed numerous horror sequences that were edited into the film , and it was re-titled Portrait in Terror . Still unsatisfied with the completed product , Corman hired Stephanie Rothman to film additional sequences that were also added . This cobbled-together feature was given a brief theatrical release by American International Pictures under the title Blood Bath , with screenplay and directorial credit jointly shared by Hill and Rothman . An additional version of the film was made for television and re-titled Track of the Vampire ." } ] }, { "value": "Stephanie Rothman , Jack Hill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stephanie_Rothman", "summary": "Stephanie Rothman ( born November 9 , 1936 in Paterson , New Jersey ) is an American film director , producer , and screenwriter , known for her low-budget independent exploitation films made in the 1960s and 1970s , especially The Student Nurses ( 1970 ) and Terminal Island ( 1974 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jack_Hill", "summary": "Jack Hill ( born January 28 , 1933 ) is an American film director in the exploitation film genre . Several of Hill 's later films have been characterized as feminist works ." } ] }, { "value": "Lori Saunders", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lori_Saunders", "summary": "Lori Saunders ( born Linda Marie Hines ; October 4 , 1941 in Kansas City , Missouri ) is an American film and television actress , probably best known for her role as Bobbie Jo Bradley in the television series Petticoat Junction ( 1965-1970 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "United States Yugoslavia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Blood Drinkers", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gerardo de León", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gerardo_de_León", "summary": "Gerardo de León , ONA ( September 12 , 1913 - July 25 , 1981 ) , was a Filipino actor-turned-film director ." } ] }, { "value": "Amalia Fuentes , Ronald Remy , Eddie Fernandez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amalia_Fuentes", "summary": "Amalia Fuentes ( Tagalog pronunciation : [ aˈmalja ˈfwɛntɛs ] ; born Amalia Amador Muhlach ; August 27 , 1940 - October 5 , 2019 ) was a Filipino actress who reigned as a Movie Queen in the 1960s and 1970s . She was once dubbed [ by whom ? ] as the Elizabeth Taylor of the Philippines . She was the aunt of actors Aga Muhlach and Niño Muhlach and the mother of actress Liezl Martinez . She was the first Filipino Lux Soap model . She produced and starred in her own films in the 1960s to the end of the 1970s . Her movies were big moneymakers making her the highest paid movie actress of her generation and a certified Movie and Box Office Queen . She later starred in productions by Viva Films ( My Only Love ) , together with Sharon Cuneta , Gabby Concepcion and Jackie Lou Blanco . She also starred in later Regal Films such as Asawa Ko Huwag Mong Agawin , starring Vilma Santos , Eddie Guttierrez and Gabby Concepcion ." } ] }, { "value": "United States Philippines", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carry on Screaming !", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carry_on_Screaming!", "summary": "Carry On Screaming ! is a 1966 British comedy film , the twelfth in the series of 31 Carry On films ( 1958-1992 ) . It was the last of the series to be made by Anglo-Amalgamated before the series moved to The Rank Organisation . Of the regular cast , it features Kenneth Williams , Jim Dale , Charles Hawtrey , Joan Sims , Bernard Bresslaw and Peter Butterworth . It also features Harry H. Corbett in his only series appearance and Fenella Fielding making her second and final appearance . Angela Douglas makes the second of her four Carry On appearances . Carry On Screaming is a parody of the Hammer horror films , which were also popular at the time ." } ] }, { "value": "Gerald Thomas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gerald_Thomas", "summary": "Gerald Thomas ( 10 December 1920 - 9 November 1993 ) was an English film director , best known for the long-running Carry On series of bawdy British film comedies ." } ] }, { "value": "Harry H. Corbett , Kenneth Williams , Fenella Fielding", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Harry_H._Corbett", "summary": "Harry H. Corbett , OBE ( 28 February 1925 - 21 March 1982 ) was an English actor and comedian , who co-starred in the long-running BBC television sitcom Steptoe and Son alongside Wilfrid Brambell , which was broadcast from 1962-65 and 1970-74 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kenneth_Williams", "summary": "Kenneth Charles Williams ( 22 February 1926 - 15 April 1988 ) was an English actor , best known for his comedy roles and in later life as a raconteur and diarist . He was one of the main ensemble in 26 of the 31 Carry On films , and appeared in many British television programmes and radio comedies , including series with Tony Hancock and Kenneth Horne . Williams grew up in Central London in a working-class family . He served in the Royal Engineers during World War II , where he first became interested in becoming an entertainer . After a short spell in repertory theatre as a serious actor , he turned to comedy and achieved national fame in Hancock 's Half Hour . He sustained continued success throughout the 1960s and 1970s with his regular appearances in Carry On films , and subsequently kept himself in the public eye with chat shows and other television work . Williams was fondly regarded in the entertainment industry ; in private life however he was lonely , and suffered depression . He kept a series of diaries throughout his life that achieved posthumous acclaim ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fenella_Fielding", "summary": "Fenella Fielding , OBE ( 17 November 1927 - 11 September 2018 ) was an English stage , film and television actress who rose to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s , and was often referred to as England 's first lady of the double entendre . She was known for her seductive image and distinctively husky voice . Fielding appeared in two Carry On films , Carry On Regardless ( 1961 ) and Carry On Screaming ! ( 1966 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chamber of Horrors", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chamber_of_Horrors_(1966_film)", "summary": "Chamber of Horrors is a 1966 American horror film directed by Hy Averback and starring Patrick O'Neal , Cesare Danova , Wilfrid Hyde-White , Wayne Rogers and Laura Devon . The screenplay is by Stephen Kandel , from a story by Kandel and Ray Russell . The film was released to theatres but was originally shot as a television movie and a pilot film for a proposed series called House of Wax ." } ] }, { "value": "Hy Averback", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hy_Averback", "summary": "Hyman Jack Averback , ( October 21 , 1920 - October 14 , 1997 ) was an American radio , television , and film actor who eventually became a producer and director ." } ] }, { "value": "Cesare Danova , Wilfrid Hyde-White , Patrick O'Neal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cesare_Danova", "summary": "Cesare Danova ( March 1 , 1926 - March 19 , 1992 ) was an Italian-American television and screen actor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wilfrid_Hyde-White", "summary": "Wilfrid Hyde-White ( 12 May 1903 - 6 May 1991 ) was an English character actor of stage , film and television , who achieved international recognition in his later years for his role as Colonel Pickering in the 1964 film version of the musical My Fair Lady ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Patrick_O'Neal_(actor)", "summary": "Patrick Wisdom O'Neal ( September 26 , 1927 - September 9 , 1994 ) was an American television , stage and film actor and New York restaurateur ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Curse of the Swamp Creature", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Larry Buchanan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Larry_Buchanan", "summary": "Larry Buchanan ( January 31 , 1923 − December 2 , 2004 ) , born Marcus Larry Seale Jr. , was a film director , producer and writer , who proclaimed himself a schlockmeister . Many of his titles have landed on worst movie lists or in the public domain , but all at least broke even and many made a profit . He is perhaps most famous for the films In the Year 2889 , The Eye Creatures , Zontar , the Thing from Venus , Curse of the Swamp Creature , It 's Alive ! , and Mars Needs Women ." } ] }, { "value": "John Agar , Francine York , Shirley McLine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Agar", "summary": "John George Agar Jr. ( January 31 , 1921 - April 7 , 2002 ) was an American film and television actor . He is best known for starring alongside John Wayne in the films Sands of Iwo Jima , Fort Apache , and She Wore a Yellow Ribbon . In his later career he was the star of B movies , such as Tarantula , The Mole People , The Brain from Planet Arous , Revenge of the Creature , Flesh and the Spur and Hand of Death . He was the first husband of Shirley Temple . Agar 's career suffered in the wake of his divorce , but he developed a niche playing leading men in low-budget science fiction , Western , and horror movies in the 1950s and 1960s . John Wayne gave him several supporting roles in the late 1960s and early 1970s . In later years he worked extensively in television ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Francine_York", "summary": "Francine York ( born Francine Yerich ; August 26 , 1938 - January 6 , 2017 ) was an American film and television actress ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daimajin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daimajin_(1966_film)", "summary": "Daimajin ( 大魔神 ) is a 1966 Japanese film directed by Kimiyoshi Yasuda , the first film in the Daimajin trilogy . Its musical score is composed by Akira Ifukube . The film had a brief stateside theatrical release in 1968 . Reportedly , it was shown both in Japanese with English subtitles and dubbed into English . The English dubbed version was later released directly to TV by American International Television under the title Majin the Monster of Terror ." } ] }, { "value": "Kimiyoshi Yasuda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimiyoshi_Yasuda", "summary": "Kimiyoshi Yasuda ( 安田公義 , Yasuda Kimiyoshi ) ( born February 15 , 1911 Tokyo , Japan , died July 26 , 1983 ) was a Japanese film director from the 1950s to 1970s . He directed at least six films about Zatoichi , the Blind Swordsman ." } ] }, { "value": "Miwa Takada , Yoshihiko Toyama , Jun Fujimaki", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miwa_Takada", "summary": "Miwa Takada ( 高田 美和 , Takada Miwa , born 5 January 1947 in Kyoto ) is a Japanese film , TV and stage actress . She has starred in several Japanese movies that are today considered classics ( especially in the Zatoichi saga , and the Daimajin trilogy ) . Takada also worked as a singer , and the duet she recorded with Mitsuo Kaji , Waga Ai wo Hoshi ni Inorite , became a huge hit . Now she focuses on stage performances and TV . She lives in Numazu ." } ] }, { "value": "Japan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Deadly Bees", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Deadly_Bees", "summary": "The Deadly Bees is a 1966 British horror film based on H.F. Heard 's 1941 novel A Taste for Honey . It was directed by Freddie Francis , and stars Suzanna Leigh , Guy Doleman , and Frank Finlay . It was released theatrically in the United States in 1967 and was featured in a 1998 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 . Heard 's novel , which was a sort of Sherlock Holmes pastiche , had been previously adapted for television as a 60-minute drama episode of The Elgin Hour : Season 1 , Episode 11 under the title Sting of Death ( 22 February 1955 ) , starring Boris Karloff as the detective character from Heard 's novel , Mr Mycroft . According to H.F. Heard 's official website , kinescopes of this TV dramatization survive , and , in 2014 , it was made commercially available for home video as one of several features in a DVD , released by Synergy Entertainment , titled Sherlock Holmes - The Archive Collection - Volume One ." } ] }, { "value": "Freddie Francis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Freddie_Francis", "summary": "Frederick William Francis ( 22 December 1917 - 17 March 2007 ) was an English cinematographer and film director . He achieved his greatest successes as a cinematographer , including winning two Academy Awards , for Sons and Lovers ( 1960 ) and Glory ( 1989 ) . As a director , he was associated with the British production companies Amicus and Hammer in the 1960s and 1970s ." } ] }, { "value": "Suzanna Leigh , Frank Finlay , Guy Doleman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Suzanna_Leigh", "summary": "Suzanna Leigh ( born Sandra Eileen Anne Smith ; 26 July 1945 - 11 December 2017 ) was a British actress , known for her film and television roles in the 1960s and 1970s ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Finlay", "summary": "Francis Finlay , CBE ( 6 August 1926 - 30 January 2016 ) , known as Frank Finlay , was an English stage , film and television actor . He was Oscar-nominated for his supporting role as Iago in Laurence Oliviers 1965 film adaptation of Othello and got his first leading role on television in 1971 as Casanova , which led to appearances on The Morecambe and Wise Show . He also appeared in the controversial drama Bouquet of Barbed Wire ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Guy_Doleman", "summary": "Guy Doleman ( 22 November 1923 - 30 January 1996 ) was a New Zealand-born actor ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Death Curse of Tartu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Grefe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fred Pinero , Babette Sherril , Mayra Christine", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Diabolical Dr. Z", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Diabolical_Dr._Z", "summary": "The Diabolical Dr. Z ( Spanish : Miss Muerte ) is a 1965 horror film directed by Jesús Franco . The film stars Mabel Karr as Irma Zimmer , a surgeon who creates a machine that turns people into zombified slaves . Ms. Zimmer is the daughter of a Professor Zimmer ( a disciple of Dr. Orloff ) , who was hounded to his death several years earlier by four of his scientific associates . Zimmer uses the machine to control an erotic dancer named Miss Muerte ( Estella Blain ) who uses her long poison-tipped fingernails to murder the people Ms. Zimmer holds responsible for her father 's death ." } ] }, { "value": "Jesús Franco", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jesús_Franco", "summary": "Jesús Franco Manera ( 12 May 1930 - 2 April 2013 ) was a Spanish filmmaker , composer , and actor , best known for his stylish exploitation films , directing around 160 feature films ." } ] }, { "value": "Mabel Karr , Fernando Montes , Estella Blain", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France Spain", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dracula : Prince of Darkness", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dracula:_Prince_of_Darkness", "summary": "Dracula : Prince of Darkness is a 1966 British supernatural horror film directed by Terence Fisher . The film was produced by Hammer Film Productions , and is the third entry in Hammer 's Dracula series , as well as the second to feature Christopher Lee as Count Dracula , the titular vampire . It also stars Andrew Keir , Francis Matthews , and Barbara Shelley . The film was photographed in Techniscope by Michael Reed , designed by Bernard Robinson and scored by James Bernard ." } ] }, { "value": "Terence Fisher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Terence_Fisher", "summary": "Terence Fisher ( 23 February 1904 - 18 June 1980 ) was a British film director best known for his work for Hammer Films . He was the first to bring gothic horror alive in full colour , and the sexual overtones and explicit horror in his films , while mild by modern standards , were unprecedented in his day . His first major gothic horror film was The Curse of Frankenstein ( 1957 ) , which launched Hammer 's association with the genre and made British actors Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee leading horror stars of the era . He went on to film several adaptations of classic horror subjects , including Dracula ( 1958 ) , The Mummy ( 1959 ) , and The Curse of the Werewolf ( 1961 ) . Given their subject matter and lurid approach , Fisher 's films , though commercially successful , were largely dismissed by critics during his career . It is only in recent years that Fisher has become recognised as an auteur in his own right . His most famous films are characterised by a blend of fairytale myth and the supernatural alongside themes of sexuality , morality , and the charm of evil . Drawing heavily on a Christian conservative outlook , there is often a hero who defeats the powers of darkness by a combination of faith in God and reason , in contrast to other characters , who are either blindly superstitious or bound by cold , godless rationalism . For detailed discussions of Fisher 's work , see Terence Fisher : Horror , Myth , and Religion by Paul Leggett ( McFarland and Co , 2002 ) , British Film Makers : Terence Fisher by Peter Hutchings ( Manchester University Press , 2013 ) , and The Films of Terence Fisher : Hammer Horror and Beyond by Wheeler Winston Dixon ( Auteur Publishing , 2017 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Christopher Lee , Barbara Shelley , Andrew Keir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christopher_Lee", "summary": "Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee , CBE , CStJ ( 27 May 1922 - 7 June 2015 ) was an English actor , singer and author . With a career spanning nearly 70 years , Lee was well known for portraying villains and became best known for his role as Count Dracula in a sequence of Hammer Horror films , a typecasting he always lamented . His other film roles include Francisco Scaramanga in the James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun ( 1974 ) , Count Dooku in the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( 2002 and 2005 ) , and Saruman in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy ( 2001-2003 ) and the Hobbit film trilogy ( 2012-2014 ) . Lee was knighted for services to drama and charity in 2009 , received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2011 , and received the BFI Fellowship in 2013 . Lee considered his best performance to be that of Pakistan 's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the biopic Jinnah ( 1998 ) , and his best film to be the British cult film The Wicker Man ( 1973 ) . He frequently appeared opposite his friend Peter Cushing in many horror films , and late in his career had roles in six Tim Burton films . Prior to his acting career , Lee served in the Royal Air Force , where he was attached to the No . 260 Squadron RAF as an intelligence officer and later the Special Operations Executive . Following his World War II service he retired from the RAF in 1946 with the rank of flight lieutenant . Always noted as an actor for his deep , strong voice , Lee was also known for his singing ability , recording various opera and musical pieces between 1986 and 1998 , and the symphonic metal album Charlemagne : By the Sword and the Cross in 2010 , after having worked with several metal bands since 2005 . The heavy metal follow-up Charlemagne : The Omens of Death was released on 27 May 2013 , Lee 's 91st birthday . He was honoured with the Spirit of Metal award at the 2010 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards ceremony ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Barbara_Shelley", "summary": "Barbara Shelley ( born Barbara T. Kowin ; 13 February 1932 ) is a retired English film and television actress . She was at her busiest in the late 1950s ( Blood of the Vampire ) and 1960s when she became Hammer Horror 's No . 1 female star , with The Gorgon ( 1964 ) , Dracula , Prince of Darkness ( 1966 ) , Rasputin , the Mad Monk ( 1966 ) , and Quatermass and the Pit ( 1967 ) among her credits . She also appeared in Village of the Damned ( 1960 ) . Although she is known as a scream queen , her most famous scream ( in the aforementioned Dracula film ) was dubbed by co-star Suzan Farmer . Her television appearances include the very first Danger Man episode , 'View From A Villa ' ( 1960 ) , plus a subsequent episode that season , 'The Traitor ' ( also 1960 ) ; The Saint ( TV series ) ( 1962 ) , two episodes of 12 O'Clock High ( 1965 and 1966 ) ; The Avengers episodes 'Dragonsfield ' ( 1961 ) and 'From Venus With Love ' ( 1967 ) ; the TV miniseries Prince Regent ( 1979 ) ; The Borgias ( 1981 ) ; the Blake 's 7 episode 'Stardrive ' ( 1981 ) ; the Crown Court episode 'Proof Spirits ' ( 1981 ) , and the Doctor Who serial Planet of Fire ( 1984 ) . In 2010 , writer and actor Mark Gatiss interviewed Shelley about her career at Hammer Films for his BBC documentary series A History of Horror ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrew_Keir", "summary": "Andrew Keir ( born Andrew Buggy , 3 April 1926 - 5 October 1997 ) was a Scottish actor , who appeared in a number of films made by Hammer Film Productions in the 1960s . He was also active in television , and especially in the theatre , in a professional career that lasted from the 1940s to the 1990s . He starred as Professor Bernard Quatermass in Hammer 's film version of Quatermass and the Pit ( 1967 ) . He also appeared in the big screen version of the Doctor Who story The Dalek Invasion of Earth , Daleks ' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. ( 1966 ) . He originated the role of Thomas Cromwell in Robert Bolt 's play A Man for All Seasons ( 1960 ) . His obituary in The Times described him as possessing considerable range and undeniable distinction ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Empire of Dracula", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Federico Curiel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eric del Castillo , Cesar del Campo , Lucha Villa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eric_del_Castillo", "summary": "J. Eduardo Eric del Castillo-Negrete Galván ( born 22 July 1933 ) is a Mexican actor of theater , film and television who has dabbled as a screenwriter , director and arguer film , beginning his career in the cinema 's golden era ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lucha_Villa", "summary": "Luz Elena Ruiz Bejarano ( born November 30 , 1936 ) , more commonly known by her stage name Lucha Villa , is a Mexican singer and actress ." } ] }, { "value": "Mexico", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Hand of Night", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Hand_of_Night", "summary": "The Hand of Night is a 1968 British horror film directed by Frederic Goode and starring William Sylvester , Diane Clare and Aliza Gur . It is also known by the alternative title Beast of Morocco . Its plot concerns a man who encounters a dangerous woman while searching for his friend , a missing archaeologist , in Morocco ." } ] }, { "value": "Frederic Goode", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Sylvester , Diane Clare , Aliza Gur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Sylvester", "summary": "William Sylvester ( January 31 , 1922 - January 25 , 1995 ) was an American television and film actor . His most famous film credit was Dr. Heywood Floyd in Stanley Kubrick 's 2001 A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Diane_Clare", "summary": "Diane Clare ( born Diane Dirsztay ; 8 July 1938 - 21 June 2013 ) was an English film and television actress ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Aliza_Gur", "summary": "Aliza Gur ( Hebrew : עליזה גור ; born Alizia Gross , 1 April 1940 , Ramat Gan , Mandatory Palestine ) is an Israeli actress who was Miss Israel of 1960 and a semifinalist in the Miss Universe pageant held in Miami Beach that same year . Her parents had fled Germany during Hitler 's dictatorship and settled in Mandatory Palestine , where she and her brother were born ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Island of Terror", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Island_of_Terror", "summary": "Island of Terror is a 1966 British horror film released by Planet Film Productions . The film was released in the United States by Universal Studios on a double bill with The Projected Man ( 1967 ) . The idea for the film came when the producer Richard Gordon read Gerry Fernback 's screenplay The Night the Silicates Came . Gordon partnered with Tom Blakey of Planet Films to produce the film . It was shot in rural England using naturalistic colours . It provides one of the last significant examples of a horror film plot , common in the 1950s , in which a horrific threat introduced by a scientist is resolved by others using scientific measures ." } ] }, { "value": "Terence Fisher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Terence_Fisher", "summary": "Terence Fisher ( 23 February 1904 - 18 June 1980 ) was a British film director best known for his work for Hammer Films . He was the first to bring gothic horror alive in full colour , and the sexual overtones and explicit horror in his films , while mild by modern standards , were unprecedented in his day . His first major gothic horror film was The Curse of Frankenstein ( 1957 ) , which launched Hammer 's association with the genre and made British actors Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee leading horror stars of the era . He went on to film several adaptations of classic horror subjects , including Dracula ( 1958 ) , The Mummy ( 1959 ) , and The Curse of the Werewolf ( 1961 ) . Given their subject matter and lurid approach , Fisher 's films , though commercially successful , were largely dismissed by critics during his career . It is only in recent years that Fisher has become recognised as an auteur in his own right . His most famous films are characterised by a blend of fairytale myth and the supernatural alongside themes of sexuality , morality , and the charm of evil . Drawing heavily on a Christian conservative outlook , there is often a hero who defeats the powers of darkness by a combination of faith in God and reason , in contrast to other characters , who are either blindly superstitious or bound by cold , godless rationalism . For detailed discussions of Fisher 's work , see Terence Fisher : Horror , Myth , and Religion by Paul Leggett ( McFarland and Co , 2002 ) , British Film Makers : Terence Fisher by Peter Hutchings ( Manchester University Press , 2013 ) , and The Films of Terence Fisher : Hammer Horror and Beyond by Wheeler Winston Dixon ( Auteur Publishing , 2017 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Peter Cushing , Edward Judd , Carole Gray , Eddie Byrne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Cushing", "summary": "Peter Wilton Cushing , OBE ( 26 May 1913 - 11 August 1994 ) was an English actor best known for his roles in the Hammer Productions horror films of the 1950s , 1960s , and 1970s , as well as his performance as Grand Moff Tarkin in Star Wars ( 1977 ) . His acting career spanned over six decades and included appearances in more than 100 films , as well as many television , stage and radio roles . Born in Kenley , Surrey , Cushing made his stage debut in 1935 and spent three years at a repertory theatre before moving to Hollywood to pursue a film career . After making his motion picture debut in the film The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1939 ) , Cushing began to find modest success in American films before returning to England at the outbreak of the Second World War . Despite performing in a string of roles , including one as Osric in Laurence Olivier 's film adaptation of Hamlet ( 1948 ) , Cushing struggled greatly to find work during this period and began to consider himself a failure . His career was revitalised once he started to work in live television plays , and he soon became one of the most recognisable faces in British television . He earned particular acclaim for his lead performance in a BBC Television adaptation of George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four ( 1954 ) . Cushing gained worldwide fame for his appearances in 22 horror films from the Hammer studio , particularly for his role as Baron Frankenstein in six of their seven Frankenstein films , and Doctor Van Helsing in five Dracula films . Cushing often appeared alongside actor Christopher Lee , who became one of his closest friends , and occasionally with the American horror star Vincent Price . Cushing appeared in several other Hammer films , including The Abominable Snowman ( 1957 ) , The Mummy and The Hound of the Baskervilles ( both 1957 ) , the last of which marked the first of the several occasions he portrayed the famous detective Sherlock Holmes . Cushing continued to perform a in a variety of roles , although he was often typecast as a horror film actor . He played Dr. Who in Dr. Who and the Daleks ( 1965 ) and Daleks ' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. ( 1966 ) and gained the highest amount of visibility in his career when he appeared as Grand Moff Tarkin in the original Star Wars ( 1977 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Edward_Judd", "summary": "Edward Judd ( 4 October 1932 - 24 February 2009 ) was a British actor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Carole_Gray", "summary": "Carole Gray ( born 1938 in Bulawayo , Rhodesia ( now known as Zimbabwe ) is a former dancer and actress who performed particularly in West End musicals in the 1960s . She arrived in England in 1956 , and began her 12-year acting career there appearing in television series such as The Avengers , and made her first notable film as Cliff Richard 's girlfriend Toni in The Young Ones ( 1961 ) . Thereafter , she appeared mainly in horror films , such as Curse of the Fly , Devils of Darkness , and Island of Terror , and was given the nickname the Scream Queen . In 1968 , she returned to Africa where she appeared on stage in plays such as Harvey , in 1968 , Fiddler on the Roof , in 1969 , and Taubie Kushlick 's production of No , No , Nanette at the Alexander Theatre , Johannesburg , in 1972 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Eddie_Byrne", "summary": "Eddie Byrne ( 31 January 1911 - 21 August 1981 ) was an Irish actor ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jesse James Meets Frankenstein 's Daughter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jesse_James_Meets_Frankenstein's_Daughter", "summary": "Jesse James Meets Frankenstein 's Daughter is a low-budget western/horror hybrid film released in 1966 , in which a fictionalized version of the real-life western outlaw Jesse James encounters the fictional granddaughter ( the film 's title notwithstanding ) of the famous Dr. Frankenstein . The film was originally released as part of a double feature along with Billy the Kid Versus Dracula in 1966 . Both films were shot in eight days at Corriganville Movie Ranch and at Paramount Studios in mid-1965 ; both were the final feature films of director William Beaudine . The films were produced by television producer Carroll Case for Joseph E. Levine ." } ] }, { "value": "William Beaudine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Beaudine", "summary": "William Washington Beaudine ( January 15 , 1892 - March 18 , 1970 ) was an American film actor and director . He was one of Hollywood 's most prolific directors , turning out films in remarkable numbers and in a wide variety of genres ." } ] }, { "value": "John Lupton , Narda Onyx , Estelita Rodriguez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Lupton", "summary": "John Rollin Lupton ( August 23 , 1928 - November 3 , 1993 ) was an American film and television actor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Narda_Onyx", "summary": "Narda Onyx ( 20 December 1931 - 18 March 1991 ) was an Estonian-born naturalized American film and television actress . At the age of eleven , Onyx escaped with her family through Soviet lines , and deceived her would-be German captors near the end of World War II . After making their way to Allied-occupied Bonn , they were able to find their way to America . Onyx appeared in dozens of supporting roles on television and in motion pictures during the 1950s and 1960s . Shows in which she appeared include The Beverly Hillbillies , Have Gun - Will Travel , and The Man from U.N.C.L.E . In addition , she played Gretl Braun in Hitler ( 1962 ) and Maria Frankenstein in Jesse James Meets Frankenstein 's Daughter ( 1966 ) . In 1964 she authored a biography of Johnny Weissmuller entitled Water , World & Weissmuller ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Estelita_Rodriguez", "summary": "Estelita Rodriguez ( July 2 , 1928 - March 12 , 1966 ) was a Cuban actress best known for her roles in many westerns with Roy Rogers for Republic Pictures as well as her role in Howard Hawks ' Rio Bravo ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kill , Baby , Kill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kill,_Baby,_Kill", "summary": "Kill , Baby , Kill ( Italian : Operazione paura , lit . Operation Fear ) is a 1966 Italian horror film directed by Mario Bava and starring Giacomo Rossi-Stuart and Erika Blanc . Based on a story co-written by Bava , Romano Migliorini , and Roberto Natale , the film focuses on a small village in the early 1900s that is being terrorized by the ghost of a murderous young girl . Shot in Calcata in 1965 , Kill , Baby , Kill had a troubled production . F.U.L . Films ran out of money during production , the film was shot without a complete script , and the score was compiled from stock music created for earlier film productions . During its domestic theatrical release in Italy , the film grossed 201 million Italian lira . With the re-evaluation of Bava 's filmography , Kill , Baby , Kill has been acclaimed by filmmakers and critics ." } ] }, { "value": "Mario Bava", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mario_Bava", "summary": "Mario Bava ( 31 July 1914 - 27 April 1980 ) was an Italian filmmaker who worked variously as a director , screenwriter , cinematographer , and special effects artist . He is frequently referred to as the Master of Italian Horror and the Master of the Macabre . His low-budget genre films , known for their distinctive visual flair and stylish technical ingenuity , feature recurring themes and imagery concerning the conflict between illusion and reality , and the destructive capacity of human nature . Born to sculptor , cinematographer and special effects pioneer Eugenio Bava , the younger Bava followed his father into the film industry , and eventually earned a reputation as one of Italy 's foremost cameramen , lighting and providing the special effects for such films as Hercules ( 1958 ) and its sequel Hercules Unchained ( 1959 ) ( each were lampooned on Mystery Science Theater 3000 ) . During the late 1950s , his eventual career trajectory as a director began when he was relied upon to complete projects begun by or credited to his colleague Riccardo Freda and other filmmakers , including I Vampiri ( 1957 ) ( the first Italian horror film of the sound era ) , The Day the Sky Exploded ( 1958 ) ( the first Italian science fiction film ) , Caltiki - The Immortal Monster ( 1959 ) and The Giant of Marathon ( 1959 ) . Although most of Bava 's films as director failed to achieve major commercial success upon release , many of them would eventually find acclaim as cult classics , with their content and production values being favourably compared to the works of Alfred Hitchcock . Several of them have been noted for their revolutionary impact on their respective genres : Black Sunday ( 1960 ) , his official directorial debut , was the forerunner of the Italian gothic horror film cycle ; The Girl Who Knew Too Much ( 1963 ) is considered to be the first giallo film ; Kill , Baby , Kill ( 1966 ) heavily influenced the iconography of modern J-Horror ; Roy Colt & Winchester Jack ( 1970 ) is regarded as one of the earliest self-parodying Spaghetti Westerns ; Four Times That Night ( 1971 ) was an early Italian sex comedy ; and A Bay of Blood ( 1971 ) was a precursor to slasher films . His other notable films include Hercules in the Haunted World ( 1961 ) , Erik the Conqueror ( 1961 ) , Black Sabbath ( 1963 ) , The Whip and the Body ( 1963 ) , Blood and Black Lace ( 1964 ) , Planet of the Vampires ( 1965 ) , Knives of the Avenger ( 1966 ) , Danger : Diabolik ( 1968 ) , Hatchet for the Honeymoon ( 1970 ) , Five Dolls for an August Moon ( 1970 ) , Baron Blood ( 1972 ) , Lisa and the Devil ( 1974 ) , Rabid Dogs ( 1974 ) and Shock ( 1977 ) . Despite his reputation as a talented artist during his lifetime , Bava 's shy , self-deprecating demeanour prevented him from taking advantage of opportunities that would have furthered his international standing within the film industry , and he turned down multiple opportunities to work in Hollywood . Among the filmmakers Bava and his work have influenced include Dario Argento , Lucio Fulci , Federico Fellini , John Carpenter , Nicolas Winding Refn , Martin Scorsese , Tim Burton , Joe Dante , John Landis , Francis Ford Coppola , Roger Corman , Edgar Wright , Jennifer Kent and Quentin Tarantino . His son and frequent assistant director , Lamberto Bava , later became a noted fantasy and horror film director in his own right ." } ] }, { "value": "Erica Blanc , Giacomo Rossi-Stuart , Giana Vivaldi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giacomo_Rossi-Stuart", "summary": "Giacomo Rossi Stuart ( 25 August 1925 - 20 October 1994 ) was an Italian film actor often credited as Jack Stuart or Giacomo Rossi-Stuart . He appeared in more than 80 films between 1953 and 1989 ." } ] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manos : The Hands of Fate", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manos:_The_Hands_of_Fate", "summary": "Manos : The Hands of Fate ( stylized onscreen as MANOS The Hands of Fate ) is a 1966 American independent horror film written , directed , and produced by Harold P. Warren , who also starred in the film . The film 's plot revolves primarily around a vacationing family who lose their way on a road trip . After a long drive in the Texas desert , the family finds themselves trapped at a lodge maintained by a polygynous pagan cult led by a man known only as The Master , and they attempt to escape as the cult 's members decide what to do with them . Warren was an insurance and fertilizer salesman from El Paso , Texas , who produced the film as the result of a bet with screenwriter Stirling Silliphant . He also starred in it , alongside El Paso theater actors Tom Neyman and John Reynolds . Manos was made by a crew with little or no background or experience in filmmaking and a very limited budget at its disposal . Upon its theatrical debut , the film was poorly received , playing only at the Capri Theater in El Paso and some drive-ins around West Texas and New Mexico . Manos remained obscure until 1993 , when the television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 ( MST3K ) , a show based on the premise of comedically mocking B movies , featured the film in an episode , helping it develop a cult reputation as one of the worst films ever made . The film is notable for its technical deficiencies , especially its editing and continuity flaws ; poorly-synchronized soundtrack and visuals ; tedious pacing ; abysmal acting ; and several scenes that are seemingly inexplicable or disconnected from the overall plot , such as a couple making out in a car and The Master 's wives breaking into catfights . Its MST3K appearance resulted in several DVD releases of the original film , and three separate DVDs featuring the MST3K episode of the film . The original 16 mm workprint was discovered in California in 2011 , from which a new copy of the film , of vastly superior visual quality , was released on Blu-ray by Synapse Films on October 13 , 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Hal P. Warren", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hal P. Warren , Tom Neyman , John Reynolds", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Munster , Go Home !", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Munster,_Go_Home!", "summary": "Munster , Go Home ! is a 1966 American comedy horror film based on the hit 1960s family television sitcom The Munsters . It was directed by Earl Bellamy , who also directed a number of episodes in the series . The film was produced immediately after the television series completed filming for its original run , and included the original cast with the exception of Marilyn , who was played by Debbie Watson replacing Pat Priest from the series ." } ] }, { "value": "Elio Scardamaglia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fred Gwynne , Yvonne De Carlo , Al Lewis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fred_Gwynne", "summary": "Frederick Hubbard Gwynne ( July 10 , 1926 - July 2 , 1993 ) was an American actor , artist and author . Gwynne was best known for his roles in the 1960s sitcoms Car 54 , Where Are You ? and as Herman Munster in The Munsters , as well as his later roles in The Cotton Club , Pet Sematary ( playing Jud Crandall ) and My Cousin Vinny ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yvonne_De_Carlo", "summary": "Yvonne De Carlo ( born Margaret Yvonne Middleton ; September 1 , 1922 - January 8 , 2007 ) was a Canadian-American actress , dancer , and singer . A brunette with blue-grey eyes , she became an internationally famous Hollywood film star in the 1940s and 1950s , made several recordings , and later acted on television and stage . Born in Vancouver , British Columbia , De Carlo was raised in the home of her Presbyterian maternal grandparents . Her mother enrolled her in a local dance school when she was three . By the early 1940s , she and her mother had moved to Los Angeles , where De Carlo participated in beauty contests and worked as a dancer in nightclubs . She began working in motion pictures in 1941 , in short subjects . She sang The Lamp of Memory in a three-minute Soundies musical , and worked briefly at Columbia Pictures . In 1942 , she signed a three-year contract with Paramount Pictures , where she was given uncredited bit parts in important films and was intended to replace Dorothy Lamour . Her first lead was for independent producer E. B. Derr in the James Fenimore Cooper adventure Deerslayer ( 1943 , ultimately released by Republic Pictures ) . She obtained her breakthrough role in Salome , Where She Danced ( 1945 ) , a Universal Pictures release produced by Walter Wanger , who described her as the most beautiful girl in the world . The film 's publicity and success turned her into a star , and she signed a five-year contract with Universal . From then on , Universal starred her in its lavish Technicolor productions , such as Frontier Gal ( 1945 ) , Song of Scheherazade ( 1947 ) , and Slave Girl ( 1947 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Al_Lewis_(actor)", "summary": "Al Lewis ( born Abraham Meister ; April 30 , 1923 - February 3 , 2006 ) was an American character actor best known for his role as Count Dracula lookalike Grandpa , opposite Fred Gwynne 's and Yvonne De Carlo 's characters on the CBS television series The Munsters from 1964 to 1966 and its subsequent film versions . Later in life , he was also a restaurant owner , political candidate , and radio broadcaster ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "Horror films By decade 1896–1959 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 vte A list of horror films released in 1966 .", "uid": "List_of_horror_films_of_1966_0", "intro": "A list of horror films released in 1966." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_India", "title": "List of shopping malls in India", "header": [ "Name", "Location", "Year", "Size ( gross leasable area )" ], "data": [ { "value": "BM Habitat Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BM_Habitat_Mall", "summary": "BM Habitat Mall is a shopping mall in the Indian city of Mysore , Karnataka . It is located behind the BM hospital in Jayalakshmipuram ." } ] }, { "value": "Jayalakshmipura , Mysuru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mysore", "summary": "Mysore ( /maɪˈsɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially Mysuru , is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka , India . Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude . It is located at an altitude of 2,427 ft ( 739.75 m ) . Mysore is located in the foothills of the Chamundi Hills about 145.2 km ( 90 mi ) towards the southwest of Bangalore and spread across an area of 152 km2 ( 59 sq mi ) . Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city , which is also the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division . It served as the capital city of the Kingdom of Mysore for nearly six centuries from 1399 until 1956 . The Kingdom was ruled by the Wadiyar dynasty , with a brief period of interregnum in the 1760s and 70s when Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan were in power . The Wadiyars were patrons of art and culture . Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali also contributed significantly to the cultural and economic growth of the city and the state by planting mulberry trees introducing silk in the region and fighting 4 Anglo Mysore wars against the British . The cultural ambience and achievements of Mysore earned it the sobriquet Cultural Capital of Karnataka . Mysore is noted for its heritage structures and palaces , including the Mysore Palace , and for the festivities that take place during the Dasara festival when the city receives many tourists from around the world . It lends its name to various art forms and culture , such as Mysore Dasara , Mysore Painting ; the sweet dish Mysore Pak , Mysore Masala Dosa ; brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap , Mysore Ink ; and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore Peta ( a traditional silk turban ) and the Mysore Silk sarees ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "240,000 sq ft ( 22,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "City Centre Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/City_Centre,_Mangalore", "summary": "City Centre is the fifth largest mall in Karnataka , and the second largest mall in Mangalore located at the K S Rao Road in Mangalore . It was opened to the public on April , 2010 . It provides shopping , dining , entertainment and leisure activities ." } ] }, { "value": "K S Rao Road , Mangaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K_S_Rao_Road", "summary": "Karnad Sadashiva Rao Road or popularly known as K S Rao Road is one of the busiest in Mangalore , Karnataka , India . It runs from PVS Circle at one end to join Balmatta Road at the other . This road is named after the indian freedom fighter Karnad Sadashiva Rao . Many commercial buildings , shopping malls are situated adjacent to this road ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mangalore", "summary": "Mangalore , officially known as Mangaluru , is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka . It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats mountain range about 352 km ( 219 mi ) west of Bangalore , the state capital . Mangalore is the state 's only city to have all four modes of transport - air , road , rail and sea . The population of the urban agglomeration was 619,664 according to the provisional results of the 2011 [ update ] national census of India . The city developed as a port in the Arabian Sea during ancient times ; it has since developed into a major port of India that handles 75 per cent of India 's coffee and cashew exports , and is used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast . Mangalore has been ruled by several major powers , including the Kadambas , Alupas , Vijayanagar Empire , Keladi Nayaks and the Portuguese . The city was a source of contention between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan , and was eventually annexed by the British in 1799 . Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India 's independence in 1947 and was unified with Mysore State ( now called Karnataka ) in 1956 . Mangalore is also the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district , and is a commercial , industrial , educational , healthcare and startup hub . This city 's International Airport is the second-largest airport in Karnataka . The Mangalore urban agglomeration extends from Ullal in the south to Surathkal in the north , a distance of over 30 km ( 19 mi ) . The city extends eastwards to Vamanjoor , Deralakatte , Padil and Bajpe ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "540,000 sq ft ( 50,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "City Centre Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/City_Centre_Mall,_Shimoga", "summary": "Bus Stand Mall is a shopping mall located in Shimoga , Karnataka , and is the city 's first shopping mall . Developed by UAE based EKK Group , City Centre Mall is attached to the KSRTC bus station , and is the state 's first ISO 14001 certified mall ." } ] }, { "value": "KSTRC Bus Station , Shivamogga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shimoga", "summary": "Shimoga , officially known as Shivamogga , is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga in the central part of the state of Karnataka , India . The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River . Being the gateway for the hilly region of the Western Ghats , the city is popularly nicknamed as Gateway of Malnad . The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields , arecanut and coconut groves . The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census ." } ] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "85,000 sq ft ( 7,900 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Elements Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Elements_Mall", "summary": "Elements Mall , also known as MSR Regaliaa Elements Mall , is a shopping mall in Nagavara , Bangalore developed by Karnani Group . The mall has several shopping stores , dining centres and a seven-screen PVR multiplex . It is located close to Manyata Tech Park . On the Thanisandra main road which connects to the signal below the Nagavara flyover ." } ] }, { "value": "Thanisandra Main Road , Nagavara , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "260,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Empire Mall", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mahatma Gandhi Road , Mangaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MG_Road,_Mangalore", "summary": "Mahatma Gandhi Road also popularly known as M.G . Road is a road situated in Kodialbail in the city of Mangalore , India . Like most of its counterparts in other Indian cities this road being in heart of the city is one of the busiest roads in Mangalore , consisting of shopping malls , educational institutes , media houses , government offices etc . MG Road starts at PVS Circle and joins the Kulur Ferry Road near Lady Hill . MG Road was name after the father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mangalore", "summary": "Mangalore , officially known as Mangaluru , is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka . It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats mountain range about 352 km ( 219 mi ) west of Bangalore , the state capital . Mangalore is the state 's only city to have all four modes of transport - air , road , rail and sea . The population of the urban agglomeration was 619,664 according to the provisional results of the 2011 [ update ] national census of India . The city developed as a port in the Arabian Sea during ancient times ; it has since developed into a major port of India that handles 75 per cent of India 's coffee and cashew exports , and is used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast . Mangalore has been ruled by several major powers , including the Kadambas , Alupas , Vijayanagar Empire , Keladi Nayaks and the Portuguese . The city was a source of contention between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan , and was eventually annexed by the British in 1799 . Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India 's independence in 1947 and was unified with Mysore State ( now called Karnataka ) in 1956 . Mangalore is also the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district , and is a commercial , industrial , educational , healthcare and startup hub . This city 's International Airport is the second-largest airport in Karnataka . The Mangalore urban agglomeration extends from Ullal in the south to Surathkal in the north , a distance of over 30 km ( 19 mi ) . The city extends eastwards to Vamanjoor , Deralakatte , Padil and Bajpe ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mantri Square", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mantri_Square", "summary": "Mantri Square ( Kannada : ಮಂತ್ರಿ ಚೌಕ ) is a shopping mall situated in the Malleswaram locality in Bangalore , Karnataka , India . Mantri Square is one of the biggest malls in the country ." } ] }, { "value": "Malleswara , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Malleswaram", "summary": "Malleswaram is a North-Western suburb of Bangalore city . It 's one of the zones of BBMP . It was developed as a planned suburb after the great plague of 1898 , which caused many people to move out of the city center . It derives its name from the Kadu Malleshwara Temple . HV Nanjundaiah , the first Vice-Chancellor of Mysore University is credited with building of the then suburb of Malleswaram . The neighborhood of Malleswaram hosts people from all walks of life . The Nobel laureate C.V. Raman , scientist Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan , badminton world champion Prakash Padukone and his daughter Deepika Padukone , noted Carnatic musician Doraiswamy Iyengar and film stars Saroja Devi , Radhika Pandit and Jaggesh have all lived here . Malleswaram is home to some of Bangalore 's heritage cafés such as Central Tiffin Room Bangalore and Veena Stores ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "924,000 sq ft ( 85,800 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Forum", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Forum_(shopping_mall)", "summary": "The Forum is a shopping mall located on Hosur Road in Koramangala , Bangalore , Karnataka , India developed by Prestige Group . The Forum is one of the oldest full-fledged mall in Bangalore with a multi-story book store , 12 cinema halls and other entertainment facilities . The mall is an attraction for tourists . The shopping mall houses 72,000 m2 ( 780,000 sq ft ) of shops over five levels . A major attraction at the mall is the multiplex , PVR ." } ] }, { "value": "Koramangala , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Koramangala", "summary": "Koramangala is situated in the south-eastern part of the city , it is one of the largest neighborhoods , and is a highly sought residential locality with wide , tree-lined boulevards and a mix of luxury apartments , commercial structures , and posh bungalows . Planned as a suburb post-independence , its location between Bangalore and Electronic City attracted migrants from across the country during Bangalore 's tech boom of the late 1990s . Consequently , it has gradually developed into a commercial hub ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "365,000 sq ft ( 33,900 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forum Centre City Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forum_Centre_City_Mall", "summary": "Forum Centre City Mall is a shopping mall located in the South Indian city of Mysuru , Karnataka . It is the largest and the first of its kind shopping mall in Mysuru . The mall is owned and operated by Bengaluru based real estate giant Prestige Group and is located in the Nazarbad area of Mysore . Forum Centre City Mall houses many international brands showrooms under one roof , including those of H & M , Apple , William Penn , and many other . The mall is open Mondays through Sundays , including on public holidays from 10:00 AM IST and closes at 10:00 PM IST ." } ] }, { "value": "Nazarbad , Mysuru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mysore", "summary": "Mysore ( /maɪˈsɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially Mysuru , is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka , India . Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude . It is located at an altitude of 2,427 ft ( 739.75 m ) . Mysore is located in the foothills of the Chamundi Hills about 145.2 km ( 90 mi ) towards the southwest of Bangalore and spread across an area of 152 km2 ( 59 sq mi ) . Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city , which is also the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division . It served as the capital city of the Kingdom of Mysore for nearly six centuries from 1399 until 1956 . The Kingdom was ruled by the Wadiyar dynasty , with a brief period of interregnum in the 1760s and 70s when Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan were in power . The Wadiyars were patrons of art and culture . Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali also contributed significantly to the cultural and economic growth of the city and the state by planting mulberry trees introducing silk in the region and fighting 4 Anglo Mysore wars against the British . The cultural ambience and achievements of Mysore earned it the sobriquet Cultural Capital of Karnataka . Mysore is noted for its heritage structures and palaces , including the Mysore Palace , and for the festivities that take place during the Dasara festival when the city receives many tourists from around the world . It lends its name to various art forms and culture , such as Mysore Dasara , Mysore Painting ; the sweet dish Mysore Pak , Mysore Masala Dosa ; brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap , Mysore Ink ; and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore Peta ( a traditional silk turban ) and the Mysore Silk sarees ." } ] }, { "value": "2018", "urls": [] }, { "value": "347,000 sq ft ( 32,237 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Forum Value", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Whitefield , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Whitefield,_Bangalore", "summary": "Whitefield is a neighborhood of Bangalore in the state of Karnataka , India . Established in the late 1800s as a settlement for the Eurasians and Anglo Indians of Bangalore , Whitefield remained a quaint little settlement at the eastern periphery of Bangalore city till the late 1990s when the local IT boom turned it into a major suburb . It is now a major part of Greater Bangalore ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "300,000 sq ft ( 28,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forum Fiza Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forum_Fiza_Mall", "summary": "Forum Fiza Mall is the fourth largest mall in Karnataka , located on Pandeshwar road in Mangalore , 1 km ( 0.62 mi ) away from the Mangalore Central railway station . Popularly known as Forum Mall , it was opened to the public in May , 2014 . It provides shopping , dining , entertainment and leisure activities ." } ] }, { "value": "K S Rao Road , Mangaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/K_S_Rao_Road", "summary": "Karnad Sadashiva Rao Road or popularly known as K S Rao Road is one of the busiest in Mangalore , Karnataka , India . It runs from PVS Circle at one end to join Balmatta Road at the other . This road is named after the indian freedom fighter Karnad Sadashiva Rao . Many commercial buildings , shopping malls are situated adjacent to this road ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mangalore", "summary": "Mangalore , officially known as Mangaluru , is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka . It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats mountain range about 352 km ( 219 mi ) west of Bangalore , the state capital . Mangalore is the state 's only city to have all four modes of transport - air , road , rail and sea . The population of the urban agglomeration was 619,664 according to the provisional results of the 2011 [ update ] national census of India . The city developed as a port in the Arabian Sea during ancient times ; it has since developed into a major port of India that handles 75 per cent of India 's coffee and cashew exports , and is used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast . Mangalore has been ruled by several major powers , including the Kadambas , Alupas , Vijayanagar Empire , Keladi Nayaks and the Portuguese . The city was a source of contention between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan , and was eventually annexed by the British in 1799 . Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India 's independence in 1947 and was unified with Mysore State ( now called Karnataka ) in 1956 . Mangalore is also the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district , and is a commercial , industrial , educational , healthcare and startup hub . This city 's International Airport is the second-largest airport in Karnataka . The Mangalore urban agglomeration extends from Ullal in the south to Surathkal in the north , a distance of over 30 km ( 19 mi ) . The city extends eastwards to Vamanjoor , Deralakatte , Padil and Bajpe ." } ] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "686,892 sq ft ( 63,814.4 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Garuda Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Garuda_Mall", "summary": "Garuda Mall is the premier shopping mall in the city of Bangalore , India , which is also home to the citys third oldest Shoppers Stop branch , and the oldest one in the city which is attached to a mall . It is situated on Magrath Road at the heart of the central business district in Bangalore , near Brigade Road . The mall has opened another branch in the Heritage City , Mysore near K. R. Circle . Another branch in Kochi with French cuisine and heritage ." } ] }, { "value": "Magrath Road , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "280,000 sq ft ( 26,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Inorbit Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Inorbit_Mall", "summary": "Inorbit Mall is a subsidiary of the Evo enterprises and K. Raheja Corporation which runs shopping malls in various parts of India . The first Inorbit Mall opened in 2004 , in Malad , Mumbai . This is the second oldest shopping mall in Mumbai Suburban . Inorbit Malls launched their second property in Navi Mumbai at Vashi , in October 2008 ; third in Hyderabad in October 2009. fourth in Pune in April 2011 which was closed down in November 2016 , fifth in Bangalore on 15 September 2012 and sixth in Vadodara on 5 September 2013 . The company follows a lease-plus-revenue mode revenue model for all its properties . The mall provides a one-stop destination for fashion , lifestyle , food , and entertainment . Inorbit Malls have won more than 65+ awards since inception including India 's Most Trusted Mall by Brand Trust Report 2014" } ] }, { "value": "Whitefield , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Whitefield,_Bangalore", "summary": "Whitefield is a neighborhood of Bangalore in the state of Karnataka , India . Established in the late 1800s as a settlement for the Eurasians and Anglo Indians of Bangalore , Whitefield remained a quaint little settlement at the eastern periphery of Bangalore city till the late 1990s when the local IT boom turned it into a major suburb . It is now a major part of Greater Bangalore ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "339,000 sq ft ( 31,500 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lotus Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lotus_Mall", "summary": "Lotus Shopping Centre is a mall near the Bikarnakatte flyover at Kulshekar in Mangalore . It is situated in the heart of Mangalore . It is located adjacent to national highway near Nanthoor circle , which is one of the busiest circles in Mangalore . Once completed , it will be the largest mall in Mangalore , second largest in Karnataka and among top ten in India . [ citation needed ] Targeted at catering to the mid and high-end segment [ citation needed ] , the property is being developed with a retail mall at the front and a three star business hotel towards the rear . With Gross leasable area of 900,000 sq.ft for total development including hotel , 1.23 million sq/ft gross built area , 1000 underground car parking spaces , 120 retail units with hypermarket , 8 screen cinema and 1 auditorium . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Kulshekar , Mangaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mangalore", "summary": "Mangalore , officially known as Mangaluru , is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka . It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats mountain range about 352 km ( 219 mi ) west of Bangalore , the state capital . Mangalore is the state 's only city to have all four modes of transport - air , road , rail and sea . The population of the urban agglomeration was 619,664 according to the provisional results of the 2011 [ update ] national census of India . The city developed as a port in the Arabian Sea during ancient times ; it has since developed into a major port of India that handles 75 per cent of India 's coffee and cashew exports , and is used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast . Mangalore has been ruled by several major powers , including the Kadambas , Alupas , Vijayanagar Empire , Keladi Nayaks and the Portuguese . The city was a source of contention between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan , and was eventually annexed by the British in 1799 . Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India 's independence in 1947 and was unified with Mysore State ( now called Karnataka ) in 1956 . Mangalore is also the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district , and is a commercial , industrial , educational , healthcare and startup hub . This city 's International Airport is the second-largest airport in Karnataka . The Mangalore urban agglomeration extends from Ullal in the south to Surathkal in the north , a distance of over 30 km ( 19 mi ) . The city extends eastwards to Vamanjoor , Deralakatte , Padil and Bajpe ." } ] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "900,000 sq ft ( 84,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mak Mall", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kankanady , Mangaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kankanady", "summary": "Kankanadi or Kankanady is one of the major upscale commercial and residential localities of Mangalore city . It houses many highrise buildings and transforming into a highrise hub of Mangalore CBD region along with its major counterparts like Bejai , Kadri , Attavar & Falnir . It is one of the busiest localities of Mangalore ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mangalore", "summary": "Mangalore , officially known as Mangaluru , is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka . It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats mountain range about 352 km ( 219 mi ) west of Bangalore , the state capital . Mangalore is the state 's only city to have all four modes of transport - air , road , rail and sea . The population of the urban agglomeration was 619,664 according to the provisional results of the 2011 [ update ] national census of India . The city developed as a port in the Arabian Sea during ancient times ; it has since developed into a major port of India that handles 75 per cent of India 's coffee and cashew exports , and is used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast . Mangalore has been ruled by several major powers , including the Kadambas , Alupas , Vijayanagar Empire , Keladi Nayaks and the Portuguese . The city was a source of contention between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan , and was eventually annexed by the British in 1799 . Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India 's independence in 1947 and was unified with Mysore State ( now called Karnataka ) in 1956 . Mangalore is also the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district , and is a commercial , industrial , educational , healthcare and startup hub . This city 's International Airport is the second-largest airport in Karnataka . The Mangalore urban agglomeration extends from Ullal in the south to Surathkal in the north , a distance of over 30 km ( 19 mi ) . The city extends eastwards to Vamanjoor , Deralakatte , Padil and Bajpe ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "70,000 sq ft ( 6,500 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mall of Mysore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mall_of_Mysore", "summary": "Mall of Mysore is a shopping mall which is one of the largest and the first of its kind in the Indian city of Mysore , Karnataka . It is located next to the Mysore Race Course with the Chamundi hills as a backdrop ." } ] }, { "value": "M.G.Road , Mysuru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mysore", "summary": "Mysore ( /maɪˈsɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially Mysuru , is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka , India . Mysore city is geographically located between 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude . It is located at an altitude of 2,427 ft ( 739.75 m ) . Mysore is located in the foothills of the Chamundi Hills about 145.2 km ( 90 mi ) towards the southwest of Bangalore and spread across an area of 152 km2 ( 59 sq mi ) . Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city , which is also the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division . It served as the capital city of the Kingdom of Mysore for nearly six centuries from 1399 until 1956 . The Kingdom was ruled by the Wadiyar dynasty , with a brief period of interregnum in the 1760s and 70s when Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan were in power . The Wadiyars were patrons of art and culture . Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali also contributed significantly to the cultural and economic growth of the city and the state by planting mulberry trees introducing silk in the region and fighting 4 Anglo Mysore wars against the British . The cultural ambience and achievements of Mysore earned it the sobriquet Cultural Capital of Karnataka . Mysore is noted for its heritage structures and palaces , including the Mysore Palace , and for the festivities that take place during the Dasara festival when the city receives many tourists from around the world . It lends its name to various art forms and culture , such as Mysore Dasara , Mysore Painting ; the sweet dish Mysore Pak , Mysore Masala Dosa ; brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap , Mysore Ink ; and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore Peta ( a traditional silk turban ) and the Mysore Silk sarees ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "262,000 sq ft ( 24,300 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Orion Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Orion_Mall", "summary": "Orion Mall is a shopping mall at Brigade Gateway Enclave in Bangalore , Karnataka , India developed by Brigade Group ( Developer ) . The mall with a total shopping area of 1 million sq.ft . is the 3rd largest in Bangalore ." } ] }, { "value": "Malleswara - Rajajinagara , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Malleswaram", "summary": "Malleswaram is a North-Western suburb of Bangalore city . It 's one of the zones of BBMP . It was developed as a planned suburb after the great plague of 1898 , which caused many people to move out of the city center . It derives its name from the Kadu Malleshwara Temple . HV Nanjundaiah , the first Vice-Chancellor of Mysore University is credited with building of the then suburb of Malleswaram . The neighborhood of Malleswaram hosts people from all walks of life . The Nobel laureate C.V. Raman , scientist Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan , badminton world champion Prakash Padukone and his daughter Deepika Padukone , noted Carnatic musician Doraiswamy Iyengar and film stars Saroja Devi , Radhika Pandit and Jaggesh have all lived here . Malleswaram is home to some of Bangalore 's heritage cafés such as Central Tiffin Room Bangalore and Veena Stores ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Rajajinagar", "summary": "Rajajinagar is a residential locality and business hub in the west of Bangalore . It 's one of the zones of BBMP . It is bordered by Basaveshwaranagar , Malleshwaram , Mahalakshmipuram alias West of Chord road 2nd stage , Mahalakshmi Layout , Vijayanagar and Rajajinagar Industrial Suburb . It serves as a centre place to all in Bangalore . 70th Birthday to Rajajinagara ! Inaugurated by Maharaja 's of Mysore Jayachamaraja Wadiyar , Rajajinagar Pillar on 03/07/1949 . 70th birthday to Rajajinagara Named after statesman C Rajagopalachari , a plaque in the Rajajinagar pillar indicates that 1,000 acres of land given for the locality was divided into industrial and housing areas . The former consisted of 140 acres for textiles , 220 acres for machinery , 100 acres for chemical plants and 40 acres for the food sector . About 4,000 housing plots were created in the remaining 500 acres . Rajajinagar was built at an estimated cost of Rs 50 lakh ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "850,000 sq ft ( 79,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Park square mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Park_square_mall", "summary": "International Tech Park commonly called ITPL and ITPB is a tech park located in Whitefield , Bangalore , 18 km from the city centre . It is managed by Ascendas . It includes the 450,000 square foot Park Square Mall , several sporting arenas and the Vivanta by Taj hotel . It is the oldest tech park of Bengaluru and is located in Whitefield cluster . It was created as a result of a joint venture between India and Singapore in January 1994 . It is a large facility , comprising 10 buildings - Discoverer , Innovator , Creator , Explorer , Inventor , Navigator , Voyager , Aviator , Pioneer Maadar and Victor . This park provides campus facilities for multi national giants like IPsoft , General Motors , Société Générale , Mu Sigma , Xerox , Conduent , AT & T , Soais , Sharp , Scientific Games , Medtronic , iGATE , IBM , GE , Airtel , Vodafone , Moving Picture Company , TCS , Startek , Gyansys Infotech , Technicolor , Atos , Unisys , Delphi , Huawei , Oracle , Perot Systems , Applied Materials , GalaxE Solutions , First American ( India ) and other medium and small sized companies . Outside ITPB , numerous companies have come up like Dell , Tesco , Shell , Aviva , GM , Schneider Electric , Sapient , Goodrich / UTC aerospace and DaimlerChrysler , Symphony Teleca Corp and Tangoe are also located in Whitefield ." } ] }, { "value": "Whitefield , Bangaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Whitefield,_Bangalore", "summary": "Whitefield is a neighborhood of Bangalore in the state of Karnataka , India . Established in the late 1800s as a settlement for the Eurasians and Anglo Indians of Bangalore , Whitefield remained a quaint little settlement at the eastern periphery of Bangalore city till the late 1990s when the local IT boom turned it into a major suburb . It is now a major part of Greater Bangalore ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "400,000 sq ft ( 37,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phoenix Market City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phoenix_Market_City_(Bangalore)", "summary": "Phoenix Marketcity is a shopping mall developed by The Phoenix Mills Co. Ltd. , located in Bengaluru , Karnataka , India . It is the largest mall in Bangalore by area , occupying 1,600,000 square feet ( 150,000 m2 ) with 1,400,000 square feet ( 130,000 m2 ) of retail space on four floors , which houses over 270 stores , a nine-screen PVR Cinemas multiplex and a food court ." } ] }, { "value": "Whitefield , Bangaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Whitefield,_Bangalore", "summary": "Whitefield is a neighborhood of Bangalore in the state of Karnataka , India . Established in the late 1800s as a settlement for the Eurasians and Anglo Indians of Bangalore , Whitefield remained a quaint little settlement at the eastern periphery of Bangalore city till the late 1990s when the local IT boom turned it into a major suburb . It is now a major part of Greater Bangalore ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,400,000 sq ft ( 130,000 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Urban Oasis Mall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urban_Oasis_Mall", "summary": "Urban Oasis Mall is the largest shopping mall in North Karnataka in the Indian city of Hubli , Karnataka . It is located in Gokul Industrial Estate on the Gokul Road , Hubli ." } ] }, { "value": "Gokul Road , Hubballi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hubli", "summary": "Hubli , officially known as Hubballi is a city located in the north western part of the Indian state of Karnataka . It forms a contiguous urban area with the city of Dharwad making it the second largest city in Karnataka , in terms of area and population , after the capital , Bangalore . Hubli houses the largest number of government offices outside Bengaluru . In 2016 , Hubli-Dharwad was selected for solar city / green city master plans . Recently , Hubballi-Dharwad City was selected for a smart city project ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "375,000 sq ft ( 34,800 m )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UB City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UB_City", "summary": "UB City is India 's first luxury business district in Bangalore , India . It consists of 6 blocks , UB Tower , Kingfisher Plaza , Concorde , Canberra , Comet and Kingfisher Towers , with a total built up area of over 16 lakh sq ft . Pioneered by the UB Group in Joint Venture with Prestige Group , it is built on 13 acres ( 53,000 m2 ) of land and hosts 1,000,000 sq ft ( 93,000 m2 ) of high-end commercial , retail and service apartment space ." } ] }, { "value": "Vittal Mallya Road , Bengaluru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Central_business_district", "summary": "A central business district ( CBD ) is the commercial and business center of a city . In larger cities , it is often synonymous with the city 's financial district . Geographically , it often coincides with the city centre or downtown , but the two concepts are separate : many cities have a central business district located away from its commercial or cultural city centre or downtown , or even several CBDs at once . In London , for example , the city centre is usually regarded as encompassing the historic City of London and the mediaeval City of Westminster , whereas the City of London and the transformed Docklands area are regarded as its two CBDs . In New York City , Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in the city and in the world ; yet Lower Manhattan , commonly called Downtown Manhattan , represents the second largest , and second , distinct CBD in New York City and is geographically situated south of Midtown . In Chicago , the Chicago Loop is the second largest central business district in the United States and is also referred to as the core of the city 's downtown . Mexico City also has a historic city centre , the colonial-era Centro Histórico , along with two CBDs : the mid-late 20th century Paseo de la Reforma - Polanco , and the new Santa Fe . The shape and type of a CBD almost always closely reflect the city 's history . Cities with strong preservation laws and maximum building height restrictions to retain the character of the historic and cultural core will have a CBD quite a distance from the centre of the city . This is quite common for European cities such as Paris or Vienna . In cities in the New World that grew quickly after the invention of mechanised modes such as road or rail transport , a single central area or downtown will often contain most of the region 's tallest buildings and act both as the CBD and the commercial and cultural city center . Increasing urbanisation in the 21st century have developed megacities , particularly in Asia , that will often have multiple CBDs scattered across the urban area ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangalore", "summary": "Bangalore , officially known as Bengaluru ( [ ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of over ten million , making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India , on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m ( 3,000 ft ) above sea level , which is the highest among India 's major cities . Its multi-ethnic , multi-religious , and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples , 400 mosques , 100 churches , 40 Jain Basadis , three Sikh gurdwaras , two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis . The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community . The numerous Bahá'ís have a society called the Bahá ' í Centre . In 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā - a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire - established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas , or petes , which exist to the present day . After the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century , the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ( 1673-1704 ) , the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees . When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore , the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands . It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "130,000 sq ft ( 12,000 m )", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Karnataka", "section_text": "The Mantri Square , Bengaluru The Forum Shopping Mall , Bengaluru Garuda Mall entrance , Bengalurui", "uid": "List_of_shopping_malls_in_Kolkata_7", "intro": "This is a list of shopping malls in India, sortable by name, location, year opened and size." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships", "title": "Biathlon World Championships", "header": [ "Season", "Winner", "Runner-up", "Third" ], "data": [ { "value": "1997", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1997", "summary": "The 32nd Biathlon World Championships were held in 1997 in Brezno-Osrblie , Slovakia . The pursuit races were contested for the first time in the world championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Viktor Maigourov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Viktor_Maigourov", "summary": "Viktor Viktorovich Maigourov ( Russian : Виктор Викторвич Майгуров ) ; born 7 February 1969 ) is a former biathlete from Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Sergei Tarasov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Tarasov_(biathlete)", "summary": "Sergei Petrovich Tarasov ( Russian : Серге́й Петро́вич Тара́сов ; born 15 February 1965 ) is a former Russian biathlete . In the 1990s , he was one of the dominating biathletes , winning four Olympic medals and seven World Championship medals over the course of his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1998", "summary": "The 33rd Biathlon World Championships held in March 1998 in Pokljuka , Slovenia , and for the second time in Hochfilzen , Austria were only for the pursuit races ( Pokljuka ) and the team events ( Hochfilzen ) because these were not part of the Olympic programme in Nagano ." } ] }, { "value": "Vladimir Drachev ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Drachev", "summary": "Vladimir Petrovich Drachev ( Russian : Владимир Петрович Драчёв , born 7 March 1966 ) is a former Soviet , Russian and Belarusian biathlete . He formerly had Russian citizenship and started for Russia until 2002 . Drachev has four world championship titles in his career ( two individually and two for teams ) . He also has two olympic relay medals for Russia ( silver in 1994 , and bronze in 1998 ) . During his career he took a total of 11 World Championship medals and 15 World Cup race wins . He was also known as one of the fastest shots in the sport whilst competing ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1999", "summary": "The 34th Biathlon World Championships were held in 1999 in Kontiolahti , Finland . Due to the cold , the individual and the mass start events were moved to Oslo , Norway . The mass start was contested for the first time in the world championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Ricco Groß ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricco_Groß", "summary": "Ricco Groß ( also spelled Gross , born 22 August 1970 ) is a former German biathlete whose exploits made him one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Frank Luck ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Luck", "summary": "Frank Luck ( born 5 December 1967 ) is a former German and , before 1990 , East German biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Sven Fischer ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sven_Fischer", "summary": "Sven Fischer ( born 16 April 1971 ) is a former German biathlete . He trained with the WSV Oberhof 05 club , and was coached by Frank Ullrich and Fritz Fischer ( national coaches ) and Klaus Siebert ( club coach ) . After the 2006/07 biathlon season , he retired ." } ] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2000", "summary": "The 35th Biathlon World Championships were held for the second time in Oslo , Norway from February 19 to February 26 , 2000 . Due to fog , the men 's relay was moved to Lahti , Finland on March 11 ." } ] }, { "value": "Frank Luck ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Luck", "summary": "Frank Luck ( born 5 December 1967 ) is a former German and , before 1990 , East German biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Pavel Rostovtsev ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pavel_Rostovtsev", "summary": "Pavel Aleksandrovich Rostovtsev ( Russian : Павел Александрович Ростовцев ; born 21 September 1971 ) is a Russian former biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2001", "summary": "The 36th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2001 for the second time in Pokljuka , Slovenia ." } ] }, { "value": "Pavel Rostovtsev ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pavel_Rostovtsev", "summary": "Pavel Aleksandrovich Rostovtsev ( Russian : Павел Александрович Ростовцев ; born 21 September 1971 ) is a Russian former biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "Sven Fischer ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sven_Fischer", "summary": "Sven Fischer ( born 16 April 1971 ) is a former German biathlete . He trained with the WSV Oberhof 05 club , and was coached by Frank Ullrich and Fritz Fischer ( national coaches ) and Klaus Siebert ( club coach ) . After the 2006/07 biathlon season , he retired ." } ] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2003", "summary": "The 38th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2003 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Ricco Groß ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricco_Groß", "summary": "Ricco Groß ( also spelled Gross , born 22 August 1970 ) is a former German biathlete whose exploits made him one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Halvard Hanevold ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Halvard_Hanevold", "summary": "Halvard Hanevold ( 3 December 1969 - 3 September 2019 ) was a Norwegian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Paavo Puurunen ( FIN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paavo_Puurunen", "summary": "Paavo Puurunen ( born August 28 , 1973 in Kuhmo , Kainuu ) is a retired Finnish biathlete who competed at four Winter Olympics . Puurunen debuted on the World Cup scene in the 1995/96 season . His best overall placing is from 1997/98 season when he finished 13th . He won his lone world cup victory in Pokljuka in 2001 , in the World Championship , on the 20 km . His second world cup medal bronze in a pursuit is also from world championship that happened in 2003 in Khanty-Mansiysk . At the 2006 Olympics in Turin , he took a fourth place in the mass-start competition his best Olympic result . In an ordinary world cup competition he has no better placing than 6th ." } ] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2004", "summary": "The 39th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2004 in Oberhof , Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "Ricco Groß ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricco_Groß", "summary": "Ricco Groß ( also spelled Gross , born 22 August 1970 ) is a former German biathlete whose exploits made him one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Raphaël Poirée ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2005", "summary": "The 40th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2005 for the third time in Hochfilzen , Austria from 4 to 13 March . Approximately 80,000 spectators went to see the competitions . The mixed relay , contested for the first time in the World Championships , was held in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Sergei Tchepikov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Tchepikov", "summary": "Sergei Vladimirovich Tchepikov ( Russian : Серге́й Влади́мирович Че́пиков ; born 30 January 1967 ) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet-Russian biathlete and cross country skier who competed at six Winter Olympics , five in biathlon ( 1988 , 1992 , 1994 , 2002 and 2006 ) and one in cross country skiing ( 1998 ) . His last Olympic performance was a silver medal in the 4 × 7.5 km relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin . Tchepikov has two World Cup titles ( 1989/90 , 1990/91 ) . He has had 25 podium finishes , six in first place , thirteen in second , and has come third six times . In the Olympics , Tchepikov has two gold , three silver , and one bronze medals . In the World Championships he has won 14 medals , however only two gold medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Sven Fischer ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sven_Fischer", "summary": "Sven Fischer ( born 16 April 1971 ) is a former German biathlete . He trained with the WSV Oberhof 05 club , and was coached by Frank Ullrich and Fritz Fischer ( national coaches ) and Klaus Siebert ( club coach ) . After the 2006/07 biathlon season , he retired ." } ] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2007", "summary": "The 41st Biathlon World Championships were held in 2007 for the fourth time in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy from February 2 to February 11 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Maxim Tchoudov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maxim_Tchoudov", "summary": "Maxim Alexandrovich Chudov ( Russian : Максим Александрович Чудов ; born 12 November 1982 ) is a former Russian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Vincent Defrasne ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vincent_Defrasne", "summary": "Vincent Defrasne ( born 9 March 1977 ) is a former French biathlete . He won a gold medal in the 12.5 km pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and a bronze medal in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . He was also a member of the winning Biathlon World Championship relay team in 2001 , and the 2004 team which won bronze . At the Biathlon World Championship 2007 in Antholz , Defrasne earned a bronze medal , in the 12.5 km pursuit and a silver medal in the Mixed Relay event . In 2009 at the World Championships in Pyeongchang , Defrasne was part of the victorious mixed relay team . Defrasne served as the flagbearer for France at the 2010 Winter Olympics . He retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2008", "summary": "The 42nd Biathlon World Championships were held in Östersund , Sweden from 8 to 17 February 2008 . It was the second time Östersund was hosting the Biathlon World Championships , the first being in 1970 . It was also 50 years after the first Biathlon World Championships , which were held 1958 in Saalfelden , Austria . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and the relatively new mixed relay . The championships were dominated by the German , Norwegian , and Russian teams , which would win every competition and 28 of the 33 available medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Maxim Tchoudov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maxim_Tchoudov", "summary": "Maxim Alexandrovich Chudov ( Russian : Максим Александрович Чудов ; born 12 November 1982 ) is a former Russian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Alexander Wolf ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Wolf", "summary": "Alexander Wolf ( born 21 December 1978 ) is a former German biathlete . At the 2008 World Championships in Östersund , he won bronze medals in the 12.5 km pursuit and the 4 × 7.5 km relay ." } ] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2009", "summary": "The 43rd Biathlon World Championships were held in Pyeongchang , South Korea from February 13 to February 22 , 2009 . It was the first time that the Biathlon World Championships were held in Asia ( outside Asian Russia ) . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and the relatively new mixed relay . All the events during these championships also counted for the 2008-09 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR ) ( 4 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Maxim Tchoudov ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maxim_Tchoudov", "summary": "Maxim Alexandrovich Chudov ( Russian : Максим Александрович Чудов ; born 12 November 1982 ) is a former Russian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Alexander Os ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Os", "summary": "Alexander Os ( born 21 January 1980 ) is a former Norwegian biathlete . Os announced his retirement after the end of the 2015-16 season ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2011", "summary": "The 44th Biathlon World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia from March 3-13 , 2011 . There was a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2010-11 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "Tarjei Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2012", "summary": "The 45th Biathlon World Championships were held in Ruhpolding , Germany , from 1 to 11 March 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Carl Johan Bergman ( SWE )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Johan_Bergman", "summary": "Carl Johan Bergman ( born 14 March 1978 ) is a former Swedish biathlete . He lives in Lillehammer , Norway with his Norwegian wife , Liv Kjersti Eikeland . He is 5 ft 8½ in ( 174 cm ) , and weighs 152 lb ( 69 kg ; 10 st 12 lb ) . He studies computer science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim . His mother is called Birgitta , his father is Lennart , and he has a younger sister called Johanna . In March 2014 , Bergman confirmed that he would be retiring from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Anton Shipulin ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Shipulin", "summary": "Anton Vladimirovich Shipulin ( Russian : Антон Владимирович Шипулин , born 21 August 1987 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and politician serving as the member of the State Duma since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2013", "summary": "The 46th Biathlon World Championships was held in Nové Město na Moravě , Czech Republic , from 7 to 17 February 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Anton Shipulin ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Shipulin", "summary": "Anton Vladimirovich Shipulin ( Russian : Антон Владимирович Шипулин , born 21 August 1987 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and politician serving as the member of the State Duma since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2015", "summary": "The 47th Biathlon World Championships was held in Kontiolahti , Finland from 5 March to 15 March 2015 . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2014-15 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Erik Lesser ( GER )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Erik_Lesser", "summary": "Erik Lesser ( born 17 May 1988 ) is a German biathlete . In 2010 , he ran his first single World Cup Race . At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi he won a silver medal at Men 's individual . At the Biathlon World Championships 2013 he won a bronze medal with the German team in Men 's relay . His grandfather Axel Lesser competed in cross-country skiing for East Germany at the 1976 Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Anton Shipulin ( RUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Shipulin", "summary": "Anton Vladimirovich Shipulin ( Russian : Антон Владимирович Шипулин , born 21 August 1987 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and politician serving as the member of the State Duma since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Tarjei Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." } ] }, { "value": "2016", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2016", "summary": "The 48th Biathlon World Championships was held in Oslo , Norway from 3 to 13 March 2016 . There were 11 competitions in total : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted towards the Biathlon World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "2017", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2017", "summary": "The 49th Biathlon World Championships was held from 9 to 19 February 2017 in Hochfilzen , Austria . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also count for the Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Martin Fourcade ( FRA ) ( 4 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johannes_Thingnes_Bø", "summary": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( born 16 May 1993 ) is a Norwegian biathlete . He represents Markane IL [ no ] and is the younger brother of biathlete Tarjei Bø ." } ] }, { "value": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "2019", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2019", "summary": "The Biathlon World Championships 2019 took place in Östersund , Sweden , from 6 to 17 March 2019 . There were a total of 12 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and two mixed relay races . The single mixed relay was on the program of the World Championships for the first time . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2018-19 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Dmytro Pidruchnyi ( UKR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dmytro_Pidruchnyi", "summary": "Dmytro Pidruchnyi ( Ukrainian : Дмитро Підручний ; born 5 November 1991 ) is a Ukrainian biathlete . He participated at 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( NOR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johannes_Thingnes_Bø", "summary": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( born 16 May 1993 ) is a Norwegian biathlete . He represents Markane IL [ no ] and is the younger brother of biathlete Tarjei Bø ." } ] }, { "value": "Quentin Fillon Maillet ( FRA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quentin_Fillon_Maillet", "summary": "Quentin Fillon Maillet ( born 16 August 1992 ) is a French biathlete . He competed in the 2014/15 world cup season , and represented France at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 in Kontiolahti ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Men -- Pursuit ( 12.5 km )", "section_text": "This event was first held in 1997 .", "uid": "Biathlon_World_Championships_2", "intro": "The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint BWCHs. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships", "title": "Biathlon World Championships", "header": [ "Season", "Winner", "Runner-up", "Third" ], "data": [ { "value": "2005", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2005", "summary": "The 40th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2005 for the third time in Hochfilzen , Austria from 4 to 13 March . Approximately 80,000 spectators went to see the competitions . The mixed relay , contested for the first time in the World Championships , was held in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia Olga Pyleva Svetlana Ishmouratova Ivan Tcherezov Nikolay Kruglov , Jr", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Olga_Medvedtseva", "summary": "Olga Valeryevna Medvedtseva ( Russian : Ольга Валерьевна Медведцева ) , former Pyleva ( Russian : Пылёва ) , née Zamorozova ( Russian : Заморозова ) , ( born 7 July 1975 ) is a former Russian biathlete . At the 2002 Winter Olympics she won an individual gold medal in the 10 km pursuit , as well as the bronze medal in the team relay . Pyleva also won twice at the Holmenkollen ski festival biathlon competition during the 2004-05 season in the sprint and pursuit events . She retired after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Svetlana_Ishmouratova", "summary": "Svetlana Irekovna Ishmouratova ( Russian : Светлана Ирековна Ишмуратова ) ( born 20 April 1972 ) is a Russian biathlete . She lives in Chelyabinsk and is a soldier by profession . Ishmouratova won the gold in the women 's 15 km individual contest at the 2006 Winter Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ivan_Tcherezov", "summary": "Ivan Yuryevich Tcherezov ( Russian : Иван Юрьевич Черезов ; born 18 November 1980 ) is a former Russian biathlete . He announced his retirement from biathlon at the end of the 2015-16 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nikolay_Kruglov,_Jr.", "summary": "Nikolay Nikolayevich Kruglov ( Russian : Никола́й Никола́евич Кругло́в ; born 8 April 1981 ) is a former Russian biathlete . His father , Nikolay Kruglov , was also a biathlete . Kruglov Jr. has won a couple of medals with the Russian relay team . He is a two-time World Champion in the men 's relay and a two-time World Champion in mixed relay . Also he won silver medals at the 2005 World Championships and the 2006 Olympics . Kruglov retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia Anna Bogaliy-Titovets Olga Zaitseva Sergei Tchepikov Sergei Rozhkov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Bogaliy-Titovets", "summary": "Anna Ivanovna Bogaliy ( Russian : А́нна Ива́новна Бога́лий ) ( born June 12 , 1979 in Vozhega , Vologda Oblast ) is a retired Russian biathlete . She is 167 cm tall and weighs 58 kg . She has had eleven podium finishes , three in first place , four in second , and has come third four times . At the 2006 Winter Olympics , Bogaliy won gold on the 4 × 6 km relay . At the World Championships , she won three gold medals in relays , including a recent title in mixed relay in Holmenkollen ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Olga_Zaitseva", "summary": "Olga Alekseyevna Zaitseva ( Russian : Ольга Алексеевна Зайцева ; born 16 May 1978 ) is a former Russian biathlete . She began her career in 1994 . After not competing in the 2014-15 season , Zaitseva announced her retirement on 24 January 2015 . Shortly afterwards she announced that she had been appointed as caretaker head coach of the Russian biathlon team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Tchepikov", "summary": "Sergei Vladimirovich Tchepikov ( Russian : Серге́й Влади́мирович Че́пиков ; born 30 January 1967 ) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet-Russian biathlete and cross country skier who competed at six Winter Olympics , five in biathlon ( 1988 , 1992 , 1994 , 2002 and 2006 ) and one in cross country skiing ( 1998 ) . His last Olympic performance was a silver medal in the 4 × 7.5 km relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin . Tchepikov has two World Cup titles ( 1989/90 , 1990/91 ) . He has had 25 podium finishes , six in first place , thirteen in second , and has come third six times . In the Olympics , Tchepikov has two gold , three silver , and one bronze medals . In the World Championships he has won 14 medals , however only two gold medals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Rozhkov", "summary": "Sergei Leonidovich Rozhkov ( Russian : Серге́й Леони́дович Рожко́в ; born 1 April 1972 ) is a former Russian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Uschi Disl Kati Wilhelm Michael Greis Ricco Groß", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Uschi_Disl", "summary": "Ursula Uschi Disl ( born 15 November 1970 in Bad Tölz , West Germany ) is a German former biathlete . During her competitive career Disl was a 19-year veteran of biathlon and was a five time olympian , with two Olympic gold medals from the 4 × 7.5 km relays in 1998 and 2002 . She also has four silver medals ( two in 7.5 km sprint ( 1998 and 2002 ) , one in 4 × 7.5 km relay ( 1994 ) , and one in 3 × 7.5 km relay ( 1992 ) ) , and three bronze medals ( two in 15 km individual , 1994 and 1998 , and one in 12.5 km mass start , 2006 ) . She also has two World Championship individual titles , both won in Hochfilzen , Austria , in March 2005 , in the 7.5 km sprint and the 10 km pursuit . Dubbed Turbo-Disl by the German media , she lay second in the Biathlon World Cup table at the beginning of the Olympics behind fellow country-woman Kati Wilhelm , and finished fifth in the overall standings for the 2004/05 season . She has finished second overall three times in the Biathlon World Cup ( 1995/96 , 1996/97 and 1997/98 ) and has won forty World Cup races ( 28 single and 12 relay/team victories ) . This includes three wins at the Holmenkollen ski festival biathlon competition with one in 1995 ( sprint ) and two in 1996 ( sprint , pursuit ) . 2006 was Disl 's last Olympics and her final season . On 18 December 2005 , Disl was named German sportswoman of the year , becoming the first biathlete awarded , and beating speed skater Anni Friesinger and discus thrower Franka Dietzsch . Since 2012 , she resides with her Swedish boyfriend Tomas Söderberg in Sweden , and , like most German Nordic skiers , is in the military as a border patrol guard . They have two children ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kati_Wilhelm", "summary": "Kati Wilhelm ( born 2 August 1976 in Schmalkalden ) is a German former professional biathlete . Like most German biathletes she is also a member of the German Armed Forces ( Bundeswehr ) with the rank of master sergeant ( Hauptfeldwebel ) . She currently resides in Steinbach-Hallenberg , also in the Federal State of Thuringia ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Greis", "summary": "Michael Greis ( born 18 August 1976 ) is a former German biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ricco_Groß", "summary": "Ricco Groß ( also spelled Gross , born 22 August 1970 ) is a former German biathlete whose exploits made him one of the most successful biathletes of all time at the Winter Olympics and the World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2006", "summary": "The Mixed Relay Biathlon World Championships was held in Pokljuka , Slovenia on March 12 , 2006 . As for the rules of biathlon in the year of the Winter Olympic Games World Championships being played only in disciplines not included in the Olympic program , therefore the championship consisted only of the mixed relay ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia Anna Bogaliy-Titovets Sergei Tchepikov Irina Malgina Nikolay Kruglov , Jr", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Bogaliy-Titovets", "summary": "Anna Ivanovna Bogaliy ( Russian : А́нна Ива́новна Бога́лий ) ( born June 12 , 1979 in Vozhega , Vologda Oblast ) is a retired Russian biathlete . She is 167 cm tall and weighs 58 kg . She has had eleven podium finishes , three in first place , four in second , and has come third four times . At the 2006 Winter Olympics , Bogaliy won gold on the 4 × 6 km relay . At the World Championships , she won three gold medals in relays , including a recent title in mixed relay in Holmenkollen ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Tchepikov", "summary": "Sergei Vladimirovich Tchepikov ( Russian : Серге́й Влади́мирович Че́пиков ; born 30 January 1967 ) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet-Russian biathlete and cross country skier who competed at six Winter Olympics , five in biathlon ( 1988 , 1992 , 1994 , 2002 and 2006 ) and one in cross country skiing ( 1998 ) . His last Olympic performance was a silver medal in the 4 × 7.5 km relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin . Tchepikov has two World Cup titles ( 1989/90 , 1990/91 ) . He has had 25 podium finishes , six in first place , thirteen in second , and has come third six times . In the Olympics , Tchepikov has two gold , three silver , and one bronze medals . In the World Championships he has won 14 medals , however only two gold medals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Irina_Malgina", "summary": "Irina Anatolievna Malgina ( Russian : Ири́на Анато́льевна Ма́льгина ; born in Murmansk on June 8 , 1973 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and sport coach at present ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nikolay_Kruglov,_Jr.", "summary": "Nikolay Nikolayevich Kruglov ( Russian : Никола́й Никола́евич Кругло́в ; born 8 April 1981 ) is a former Russian biathlete . His father , Nikolay Kruglov , was also a biathlete . Kruglov Jr. has won a couple of medals with the Russian relay team . He is a two-time World Champion in the men 's relay and a two-time World Champion in mixed relay . Also he won silver medals at the 2005 World Championships and the 2006 Olympics . Kruglov retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Linda Tjørhom Halvard Hanevold Tora Berger Ole Einar Bjørndalen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Linda_Grubben", "summary": "Linda Grubben ( née Linda Tjørhom ; 13 September 1979 in Stavanger ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Halvard_Hanevold", "summary": "Halvard Hanevold ( 3 December 1969 - 3 September 2019 ) was a Norwegian biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tora_Berger", "summary": "Tora Berger ( born 18 March 1981 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete and Olympic champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "France Florence Baverel-Robert Vincent Defrasne Sandrine Bailly Raphaël Poirée", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Florence_Baverel-Robert", "summary": "Florence Baverel ( born 24 May 1974 in Pontarlier , Doubs ) , is a retired French biathlete who competed in the biathlon at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . Baverel-Robert won the gold medal in the women 's 7.5 km sprint . She placed 26th in the women 's 15 km individual event , 5th in the 12.5 km mass start and 13th in the 10 km pursuit final . She married fellow French biathlete Julien Robert . They have one daughter Rose . Now they are divorced . At the end of the 2006-07 World Cup season , which she finished in 5th place in the overall standings ( her best career result ) , she announced the end of her career ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vincent_Defrasne", "summary": "Vincent Defrasne ( born 9 March 1977 ) is a former French biathlete . He won a gold medal in the 12.5 km pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and a bronze medal in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . He was also a member of the winning Biathlon World Championship relay team in 2001 , and the 2004 team which won bronze . At the Biathlon World Championship 2007 in Antholz , Defrasne earned a bronze medal , in the 12.5 km pursuit and a silver medal in the Mixed Relay event . In 2009 at the World Championships in Pyeongchang , Defrasne was part of the victorious mixed relay team . Defrasne served as the flagbearer for France at the 2010 Winter Olympics . He retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sandrine_Bailly", "summary": "Sandrine Bailly ( born 25 November 1979 in Belley , Ain ) is a former French biathlete . She was most successful in the 2004-05 season , when she won the overall World Cup , and in the 2007-08 season , when she finished second . In 2003 , she became world champion in the 10 km pursuit ( together with Martina Glagow ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2007", "summary": "The 41st Biathlon World Championships were held in 2007 for the fourth time in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy from February 2 to February 11 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sweden Helena Jonsson Anna Carin Olofsson Björn Ferry Carl Johan Bergman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sweden", "summary": "Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Helena_Jonsson", "summary": "Helena Ekholm ( née Helena Jonsson ) ( born September 6 , 1984 in Helgum ) is a former Swedish biathlete . She was born in Helgum , Sollefteå Municipality . She is the 2009 world champion in pursuit and the 2011 world champion in individual . She also won the Women 's Overall World Cup in the 2008-09 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Carin_Olofsson-Zidek", "summary": "Anna Carin Helena Cecilia Zidek ( née Olofsson , born 1 April 1973 ) is a Swedish former biathlete who won a silver medal in the 7.5 km sprint and a gold medal in the 12.5 km mass start event at the 2006 Winter Olympics . Originally a cross-country skier , Olofsson competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics , but in the three events she took part in she made the top 30 only once ( 15 km freestyle ) , and the following season she switched to biathlon . On 3 May 2008 Olofsson married her then boyfriend , Tom Zidek - a serviceman in the Canadian biathlon team - in a ceremony near Canmore , Canada . Olofsson officially announced her retirement on 16 July 2011 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Björn_Ferry", "summary": "Björn Ferry ( born 1 August 1978 in Stensele , Västerbotten County ) is a former Swedish biathlete and medal winning Olympian . He began competing internationally in World Cup competitions in 2001 , but did not win his first international race until the 2007-2008 season . In 2007 , he won gold in the mixed relay event at the Biathlon World Championships . The next year , at his third Winter Olympics appearance , he won the gold medal in the pursuit event . He started the event in 8th place as determined by the previous sprint event , but managed to overtake the race leader on the final lap ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Johan_Bergman", "summary": "Carl Johan Bergman ( born 14 March 1978 ) is a former Swedish biathlete . He lives in Lillehammer , Norway with his Norwegian wife , Liv Kjersti Eikeland . He is 5 ft 8½ in ( 174 cm ) , and weighs 152 lb ( 69 kg ; 10 st 12 lb ) . He studies computer science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim . His mother is called Birgitta , his father is Lennart , and he has a younger sister called Johanna . In March 2014 , Bergman confirmed that he would be retiring from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." } ] }, { "value": "France Florence Baverel-Robert Sandrine Bailly Vincent Defrasne Raphaël Poirée", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Florence_Baverel-Robert", "summary": "Florence Baverel ( born 24 May 1974 in Pontarlier , Doubs ) , is a retired French biathlete who competed in the biathlon at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . Baverel-Robert won the gold medal in the women 's 7.5 km sprint . She placed 26th in the women 's 15 km individual event , 5th in the 12.5 km mass start and 13th in the 10 km pursuit final . She married fellow French biathlete Julien Robert . They have one daughter Rose . Now they are divorced . At the end of the 2006-07 World Cup season , which she finished in 5th place in the overall standings ( her best career result ) , she announced the end of her career ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sandrine_Bailly", "summary": "Sandrine Bailly ( born 25 November 1979 in Belley , Ain ) is a former French biathlete . She was most successful in the 2004-05 season , when she won the overall World Cup , and in the 2007-08 season , when she finished second . In 2003 , she became world champion in the 10 km pursuit ( together with Martina Glagow ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vincent_Defrasne", "summary": "Vincent Defrasne ( born 9 March 1977 ) is a former French biathlete . He won a gold medal in the 12.5 km pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and a bronze medal in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . He was also a member of the winning Biathlon World Championship relay team in 2001 , and the 2004 team which won bronze . At the Biathlon World Championship 2007 in Antholz , Defrasne earned a bronze medal , in the 12.5 km pursuit and a silver medal in the Mixed Relay event . In 2009 at the World Championships in Pyeongchang , Defrasne was part of the victorious mixed relay team . Defrasne served as the flagbearer for France at the 2010 Winter Olympics . He retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Raphaël_Poirée", "summary": "Raphaël Poirée ( born 9 August 1974 ) is a retired French biathlete who was active from 1995 to 2007 . With his 44 World Cup victories and several World Championship medals he ranks among the most successful biathletes ever ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Tora Berger Jori Mørkve Emil Hegle Svendsen Frode Andresen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tora_Berger", "summary": "Tora Berger ( born 18 March 1981 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete and Olympic champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jori_Mørkve", "summary": "Jori Mørkve ( born 29 December 1980 ) is a Norwegian former biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Frode_Andresen", "summary": "Frode Andresen ( born 9 September 1973 ) is a former Norwegian biathlete and cross-country skier ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2008", "summary": "The 42nd Biathlon World Championships were held in Östersund , Sweden from 8 to 17 February 2008 . It was the second time Östersund was hosting the Biathlon World Championships , the first being in 1970 . It was also 50 years after the first Biathlon World Championships , which were held 1958 in Saalfelden , Austria . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and the relatively new mixed relay . The championships were dominated by the German , Norwegian , and Russian teams , which would win every competition and 28 of the 33 available medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Sabrina Buchholz Magdalena Neuner Andreas Birnbacher Michael Greis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sabrina_Buchholz", "summary": "Sabrina Buchholz ( born 5 March 1980 in Schmalkalden ) is a German biathlete . She is the 2008 world champion in the mixed relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Magdalena_Neuner", "summary": "Magdalena Lena Neuner ( since her 2014 marriage legally Magdalena Holzer , born 9 February 1987 ) is a retired German professional biathlete . She is the most successful woman of all time at Biathlon World Championships and a two-time Olympic gold medalist . At the age of 21 , she became the youngest Overall World Cup winner in the history of the International Biathlon Union ( IBU ) . With 34 World Cup wins , Neuner is ranked second all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour . She has won the Overall World Cup title three times , in 2007-08 , in 2009-10 and her final season in 2011-12 . Neuner retired from the sport in March 2012 , citing a lack of motivation and her desire for a normal life . Neuner started biathlon when she was nine years old and won five junior world championship titles from 2004 to 2006 . She made her World Cup debut in 2006 and won her first World Cup race in January 2007 . One month later , she claimed three gold medals in her first appearance at the Biathlon World Championships . In the 2007-08 season , Neuner won the Overall World Cup and once more claimed three titles at the 2008 World Championships . After a less successful winter in 2008-09 , she participated in her first Winter Olympic Games in 2010 , winning the gold medal in both the pursuit and the mass start , and silver in the sprint race . Neuner also claimed the 2009-10 Overall World Cup title ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andreas_Birnbacher", "summary": "Andreas Birnbacher ( born 11 September 1981 ) is a former German biathlete . His biggest successes were the silver medal in the mass start event at the 2007 World Championships and the gold medal in the mixed relay at the 2008 World Championships . He also won the bronze medal at the 2012 world championships in Ruhpolding when he was part of the German teams that finished third in the mixed relay and the men 's relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Greis", "summary": "Michael Greis ( born 18 August 1976 ) is a former German biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Belarus Liudmila Kalinchik Darya Domracheva Rustam Valiullin Sergey Novikov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belarus", "summary": "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Liudmila_Kalinchik", "summary": "Liudmila Kalinchik ( born 23 July 1982 ) is a retired Belarusian biathlete . She represented Belarus at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Darya_Domracheva", "summary": "Dárya Vladímirovna Dómracheva ( Belarusian : Даря Уладзіміраўна Домрачава , Russian : Дарья Владимировна Домрачева ; born 3 August 1986 ) is a retired Belarusian biathlete and coach who competed in the Biathlon World Cup from 2006 to 2018 . She won a gold medal in the 4×6 km relay and a silver medal in the mass start competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics , three gold medals in the pursuit , individual , and mass start competitions at the 2014 Winter Olympics , and a bronze medal in the individual competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics . She was a Biathlon World Cup overall winner for the 2014-15 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Rustam_Valiullin", "summary": "Rustam Valiullin ( born in Ulianovsk on ( 1976-06-24 ) June 24 , 1976 ) is a retired Belarusian biathlete . He competed in the 2002 , 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics for Belarus . His best finish is 11th , as a member of the Belarusian relay team in 2006 and 2010 . His best individual performance is 24th , in the 2006 sprint . As of March 2013 , he has won two medals at the Biathlon World Championships , both in relays ; bronze in the men 's in 2003 and silver in the mixed in 2008 . His best individual performance in a World Championships is 7th , in the 2004 individual . As of March 2013 , he has earned four Biathlon World Cup victories , all in the men 's relay . His best individual finish is from 2006/07 , 5th in the individual event at Lahti in 2004/05 . His best overall finish in the Biathlon World Cup is 32nd , in 2005/06 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Novikov_(biathlete)", "summary": "Sergey Valentinovich Novikov ( Russian : Серге́й Валентинович Новиков , Belarusian : Сяргей Валянцінавіч Новікаў - Siarhei Valiancinavich Novikau ; born 27 April 1979 ) is a retired Belarusian biathlete . He competed at the 2006 , 2010 and 2014 Olympics in four-five events at each Games : 10 km sprint , 12.5 km pursuit , 15 km mass start , 20 km race and 4 × 7.5 km relay . He won a silver medal , shared with Ole Einar Bjørndalen , in the 20 km individual race in 2010 . Novikov retired from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia Svetlana Sleptsova Oksana Neupokoeva Nikolay Kruglov , Jr. Dmitri Yaroshenko", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Svetlana_Sleptsova", "summary": "Svetlana Yuryevna Sleptsova ( Russian : Светлана Юрьевна Слепцова ; born 31 July 1986 in Khanty Mansiysk ) is a retired Russian biathlete . She is a member of the club CSKA ( Central Sports Club of the Army ) . She is a three-time Junior World Champion and won the bronze medal in the mixed relay at the 2008 World Championships in Östersund . In 2009 , she was part of the gold medal winning Russian women 's relay team at the World Championships in Pyeongchang . Sleptsova is an Olympic champion in relay at Vancouver . In February 2020 , Sleptsova was found guilty of an anti-doping violation and had her results from 2013-14 disqualified" }, { "url": "/wiki/Nikolay_Kruglov,_Jr.", "summary": "Nikolay Nikolayevich Kruglov ( Russian : Никола́й Никола́евич Кругло́в ; born 8 April 1981 ) is a former Russian biathlete . His father , Nikolay Kruglov , was also a biathlete . Kruglov Jr. has won a couple of medals with the Russian relay team . He is a two-time World Champion in the men 's relay and a two-time World Champion in mixed relay . Also he won silver medals at the 2005 World Championships and the 2006 Olympics . Kruglov retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dmitri_Yaroshenko", "summary": "Dmitri Vladimirovich Yaroshenko ( Russian : Дмитрий Владимирович Ярошенко ; born 4 November 1976 ) is a Russian former biathlete . He broke through during the 2006-07 season at the age of 30 , after winning a European Championship silver medal in 2004 . He won one victory in the Biathlon World Cup , the Hochfilzen sprint in 2007 . However , ahead of the 2009 World Championships , it was announced that Yaroshenko had tested positive for a banned substance . Yaroshenko subsequently received a two-year ban from competition . After being unable to return to his former level and the World Cup , bar one race , after the end of the ban , Yaroshenko retired after the 2012-13 season ." } ] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2009", "summary": "The 43rd Biathlon World Championships were held in Pyeongchang , South Korea from February 13 to February 22 , 2009 . It was the first time that the Biathlon World Championships were held in Asia ( outside Asian Russia ) . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and the relatively new mixed relay . All the events during these championships also counted for the 2008-09 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "France Marie-Laure Brunet Sylvie Becaert Vincent Defrasne Simon Fourcade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie-Laure_Brunet", "summary": "Marie-Laure Brunet ( born 20 November 1988 in Lannemezan , Hautes-Pyrénées ) is a retired French biathlete and Olympic athlete who won a bronze medal in the women 's pursuit at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games of Vancouver . Brunet made her Biathlon World Cup debut in March 2007 at Kontiolahti , shortly after winning a gold medal in the individual event at the Youth World Championships . During her career she developed a reputation as one of the most accurate shooters on the biathlon circuit . Brunet announced her retirement in June 2014 after suffering health problems , including collapsing during the relay at the 2014 Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sylvie_Becaert", "summary": "Sylvie Becaert ( born 6 September 1975 in Lille ) is a French biathlete . Becaert 's best year so far was 2003 when she came third in the overall world cup standings and won gold in the sprint event at the World Championships 2003 in Khanty-Mansiysk . At the 2006 Olympics in Turin , she won a bronze medal with the French relay team behind Russia and Germany . In 2009 at the World Championships in Pyeongchang , Becaert was part of the victorious mixed relay team Becaert retired after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vincent_Defrasne", "summary": "Vincent Defrasne ( born 9 March 1977 ) is a former French biathlete . He won a gold medal in the 12.5 km pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and a bronze medal in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City . He was also a member of the winning Biathlon World Championship relay team in 2001 , and the 2004 team which won bronze . At the Biathlon World Championship 2007 in Antholz , Defrasne earned a bronze medal , in the 12.5 km pursuit and a silver medal in the Mixed Relay event . In 2009 at the World Championships in Pyeongchang , Defrasne was part of the victorious mixed relay team . Defrasne served as the flagbearer for France at the 2010 Winter Olympics . He retired from the sport after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Simon_Fourcade", "summary": "Simon Fourcade ( born 25 April 1984 ) is a French former biathlete and non-commissioned officer . He won a gold medal in the individual at the 2003 Biathlon Junior World Championships . Although he never took a solo World Cup race win , he took eight World Cup wins as a member of relay teams - six in men 's relays and two in mixed relays . He retired from competition in March 2019 . He is the older brother of fellow biathlete Martin Fourcade ." } ] }, { "value": "Sweden Helena Jonsson Anna Carin Olofsson-Zidek David Ekholm Carl Johan Bergman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sweden", "summary": "Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Helena_Jonsson", "summary": "Helena Ekholm ( née Helena Jonsson ) ( born September 6 , 1984 in Helgum ) is a former Swedish biathlete . She was born in Helgum , Sollefteå Municipality . She is the 2009 world champion in pursuit and the 2011 world champion in individual . She also won the Women 's Overall World Cup in the 2008-09 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Carin_Olofsson-Zidek", "summary": "Anna Carin Helena Cecilia Zidek ( née Olofsson , born 1 April 1973 ) is a Swedish former biathlete who won a silver medal in the 7.5 km sprint and a gold medal in the 12.5 km mass start event at the 2006 Winter Olympics . Originally a cross-country skier , Olofsson competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics , but in the three events she took part in she made the top 30 only once ( 15 km freestyle ) , and the following season she switched to biathlon . On 3 May 2008 Olofsson married her then boyfriend , Tom Zidek - a serviceman in the Canadian biathlon team - in a ceremony near Canmore , Canada . Olofsson officially announced her retirement on 16 July 2011 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/David_Ekholm", "summary": "David Ekholm ( born 16 January 1979 ) is a Swedish biathlete . He competed in three events at the 2006 Winter Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Johan_Bergman", "summary": "Carl Johan Bergman ( born 14 March 1978 ) is a former Swedish biathlete . He lives in Lillehammer , Norway with his Norwegian wife , Liv Kjersti Eikeland . He is 5 ft 8½ in ( 174 cm ) , and weighs 152 lb ( 69 kg ; 10 st 12 lb ) . He studies computer science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim . His mother is called Birgitta , his father is Lennart , and he has a younger sister called Johanna . In March 2014 , Bergman confirmed that he would be retiring from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Andrea Henkel Simone Hauswald Arnd Peiffer Michael Greis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrea_Henkel", "summary": "Andrea Burke , née Henkel ( born December 10 , 1977 ) is a retired German professional biathlete and the younger sister of Manuela Henkel , a successful cross-country skier . She trained at SV Großbreitenbach . Andrea Henkel started out as a cross-country skier but later specialised in biathlon when women 's biathlon became an Olympic sport . Since the 1998/99 season , she was a regular member of the German team in the Biathlon World Cup . After several top-ten results , she could win her first World Cup event in 1999 , her second year . She was most successful in the 2006/07 season , which she finished first in the overall standings . Henkel has won four Olympic medals : one gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics in the 15 km individual , and a gold ( 2002 ) , silver ( 2006 ) and bronze ( 2010 ) medal in relay competitions . She is also the first biathlete to become world champion in each individual event : 2005 in the 15 km individual , 2007 in the 12.5 km mass start , and 2008 in the 7.5 km sprint and subsequent 10 km pursuit . She has won a total of eight gold , six silver and two bronze medals at world championships . She retired from the sport at the end of the 2013/14 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Simone_Hauswald", "summary": "Simone Hye-Soon Hauswald ( born Simone Hye-Soon Denkinger ; 3 May 1979 ) is a former German biathlete and Winter Olympics bronze medalist . In 2008 , she won her first single World Cup Race . Hauswald retired after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arnd_Peiffer", "summary": "Arnd Peiffer ( born 18 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . His greatest successes so far are the victories in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the Biathlon World Championships 2011 in the sprint . In addition , he won as a relay member three more World Cup gold medals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Greis", "summary": "Michael Greis ( born 18 August 1976 ) is a former German biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2010", "summary": "The mixed relay Biathlon World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia on March 28 , 2010 . As for the rules of biathlon in the year of the Winter Olympic Games World Championships being played only in disciplines not included in the Olympic program , therefore the championship consists only of the mixed relay . Contested since 2005 , mixed relay is the most recently introduced event at the Championships , this was the 6th competition ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Simone Hauswald Magdalena Neuner Simon Schempp Arnd Peiffer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Simone_Hauswald", "summary": "Simone Hye-Soon Hauswald ( born Simone Hye-Soon Denkinger ; 3 May 1979 ) is a former German biathlete and Winter Olympics bronze medalist . In 2008 , she won her first single World Cup Race . Hauswald retired after the 2009-10 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Magdalena_Neuner", "summary": "Magdalena Lena Neuner ( since her 2014 marriage legally Magdalena Holzer , born 9 February 1987 ) is a retired German professional biathlete . She is the most successful woman of all time at Biathlon World Championships and a two-time Olympic gold medalist . At the age of 21 , she became the youngest Overall World Cup winner in the history of the International Biathlon Union ( IBU ) . With 34 World Cup wins , Neuner is ranked second all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour . She has won the Overall World Cup title three times , in 2007-08 , in 2009-10 and her final season in 2011-12 . Neuner retired from the sport in March 2012 , citing a lack of motivation and her desire for a normal life . Neuner started biathlon when she was nine years old and won five junior world championship titles from 2004 to 2006 . She made her World Cup debut in 2006 and won her first World Cup race in January 2007 . One month later , she claimed three gold medals in her first appearance at the Biathlon World Championships . In the 2007-08 season , Neuner won the Overall World Cup and once more claimed three titles at the 2008 World Championships . After a less successful winter in 2008-09 , she participated in her first Winter Olympic Games in 2010 , winning the gold medal in both the pursuit and the mass start , and silver in the sprint race . Neuner also claimed the 2009-10 Overall World Cup title ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Simon_Schempp", "summary": "Simon Schempp ( born 14 November 1988 ) is a German biathlete . In 2009 , he made his World Cup debut . He became world champion by winning gold in the 15km mass start race at the Biathlon World Championships 2017 in Hochfilzen . He also won three more gold medals , two for being part of the German Biathlon World Championships 2010 mixed relay team in Khanty-Mansiysk and the German Biathlon World Championships 2017 mixed relay team in Hochfilzen , and one gold medal as part of the German Biathlon World Championships 2015 men 's relay team in Kontiolahti . He also competed for Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics , finishing fifth as part of the German team in the men 's relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arnd_Peiffer", "summary": "Arnd Peiffer ( born 18 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . His greatest successes so far are the victories in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the Biathlon World Championships 2011 in the sprint . In addition , he won as a relay member three more World Cup gold medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Ann Kristin Flatland Tora Berger Emil Hegle Svendsen Ole Einar Bjørndalen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ann_Kristin_Flatland", "summary": "Ann Kristin Aafedt Flatland ( born 6 November 1982 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . Ann Kristin Aafedt Flatland debuted in the World Cup in 2003 at Kontiolahti in Finland , where she came in 56th in the sprint event . In the second world cup weekend in Hochfilzen she debuted on the Norwegian relay team which finished 5th . She has two individual World Cup victories . She represented Norway at the World Championship 2005 in Hochfilzen and came 22nd in the sprint and 37th in the pursuit . Flatland retired from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tora_Berger", "summary": "Tora Berger ( born 18 March 1981 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete and Olympic champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." } ] }, { "value": "Sweden Helena Jonsson Anna Carin Olofsson-Zidek Björn Ferry Carl Johan Bergman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sweden", "summary": "Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Helena_Jonsson", "summary": "Helena Ekholm ( née Helena Jonsson ) ( born September 6 , 1984 in Helgum ) is a former Swedish biathlete . She was born in Helgum , Sollefteå Municipality . She is the 2009 world champion in pursuit and the 2011 world champion in individual . She also won the Women 's Overall World Cup in the 2008-09 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Carin_Olofsson-Zidek", "summary": "Anna Carin Helena Cecilia Zidek ( née Olofsson , born 1 April 1973 ) is a Swedish former biathlete who won a silver medal in the 7.5 km sprint and a gold medal in the 12.5 km mass start event at the 2006 Winter Olympics . Originally a cross-country skier , Olofsson competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics , but in the three events she took part in she made the top 30 only once ( 15 km freestyle ) , and the following season she switched to biathlon . On 3 May 2008 Olofsson married her then boyfriend , Tom Zidek - a serviceman in the Canadian biathlon team - in a ceremony near Canmore , Canada . Olofsson officially announced her retirement on 16 July 2011 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Björn_Ferry", "summary": "Björn Ferry ( born 1 August 1978 in Stensele , Västerbotten County ) is a former Swedish biathlete and medal winning Olympian . He began competing internationally in World Cup competitions in 2001 , but did not win his first international race until the 2007-2008 season . In 2007 , he won gold in the mixed relay event at the Biathlon World Championships . The next year , at his third Winter Olympics appearance , he won the gold medal in the pursuit event . He started the event in 8th place as determined by the previous sprint event , but managed to overtake the race leader on the final lap ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Johan_Bergman", "summary": "Carl Johan Bergman ( born 14 March 1978 ) is a former Swedish biathlete . He lives in Lillehammer , Norway with his Norwegian wife , Liv Kjersti Eikeland . He is 5 ft 8½ in ( 174 cm ) , and weighs 152 lb ( 69 kg ; 10 st 12 lb ) . He studies computer science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim . His mother is called Birgitta , his father is Lennart , and he has a younger sister called Johanna . In March 2014 , Bergman confirmed that he would be retiring from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2011", "summary": "The 44th Biathlon World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia from March 3-13 , 2011 . There was a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2010-11 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Tora Berger Ann Kristin Aafedt Flatland Ole Einar Bjørndalen Tarjei Bø", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tora_Berger", "summary": "Tora Berger ( born 18 March 1981 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete and Olympic champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ann_Kristin_Aafedt_Flatland", "summary": "Ann Kristin Aafedt Flatland ( born 6 November 1982 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . Ann Kristin Aafedt Flatland debuted in the World Cup in 2003 at Kontiolahti in Finland , where she came in 56th in the sprint event . In the second world cup weekend in Hochfilzen she debuted on the Norwegian relay team which finished 5th . She has two individual World Cup victories . She represented Norway at the World Championship 2005 in Hochfilzen and came 22nd in the sprint and 37th in the pursuit . Flatland retired from the sport at the end of the 2013-14 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Andrea Henkel Magdalena Neuner Arnd Peiffer Michael Greis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrea_Henkel", "summary": "Andrea Burke , née Henkel ( born December 10 , 1977 ) is a retired German professional biathlete and the younger sister of Manuela Henkel , a successful cross-country skier . She trained at SV Großbreitenbach . Andrea Henkel started out as a cross-country skier but later specialised in biathlon when women 's biathlon became an Olympic sport . Since the 1998/99 season , she was a regular member of the German team in the Biathlon World Cup . After several top-ten results , she could win her first World Cup event in 1999 , her second year . She was most successful in the 2006/07 season , which she finished first in the overall standings . Henkel has won four Olympic medals : one gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics in the 15 km individual , and a gold ( 2002 ) , silver ( 2006 ) and bronze ( 2010 ) medal in relay competitions . She is also the first biathlete to become world champion in each individual event : 2005 in the 15 km individual , 2007 in the 12.5 km mass start , and 2008 in the 7.5 km sprint and subsequent 10 km pursuit . She has won a total of eight gold , six silver and two bronze medals at world championships . She retired from the sport at the end of the 2013/14 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Magdalena_Neuner", "summary": "Magdalena Lena Neuner ( since her 2014 marriage legally Magdalena Holzer , born 9 February 1987 ) is a retired German professional biathlete . She is the most successful woman of all time at Biathlon World Championships and a two-time Olympic gold medalist . At the age of 21 , she became the youngest Overall World Cup winner in the history of the International Biathlon Union ( IBU ) . With 34 World Cup wins , Neuner is ranked second all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour . She has won the Overall World Cup title three times , in 2007-08 , in 2009-10 and her final season in 2011-12 . Neuner retired from the sport in March 2012 , citing a lack of motivation and her desire for a normal life . Neuner started biathlon when she was nine years old and won five junior world championship titles from 2004 to 2006 . She made her World Cup debut in 2006 and won her first World Cup race in January 2007 . One month later , she claimed three gold medals in her first appearance at the Biathlon World Championships . In the 2007-08 season , Neuner won the Overall World Cup and once more claimed three titles at the 2008 World Championships . After a less successful winter in 2008-09 , she participated in her first Winter Olympic Games in 2010 , winning the gold medal in both the pursuit and the mass start , and silver in the sprint race . Neuner also claimed the 2009-10 Overall World Cup title ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arnd_Peiffer", "summary": "Arnd Peiffer ( born 18 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . His greatest successes so far are the victories in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the Biathlon World Championships 2011 in the sprint . In addition , he won as a relay member three more World Cup gold medals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Greis", "summary": "Michael Greis ( born 18 August 1976 ) is a former German biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "France Marie-Laure Brunet Marie Dorin Alexis Bœuf Martin Fourcade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie-Laure_Brunet", "summary": "Marie-Laure Brunet ( born 20 November 1988 in Lannemezan , Hautes-Pyrénées ) is a retired French biathlete and Olympic athlete who won a bronze medal in the women 's pursuit at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games of Vancouver . Brunet made her Biathlon World Cup debut in March 2007 at Kontiolahti , shortly after winning a gold medal in the individual event at the Youth World Championships . During her career she developed a reputation as one of the most accurate shooters on the biathlon circuit . Brunet announced her retirement in June 2014 after suffering health problems , including collapsing during the relay at the 2014 Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie_Dorin", "summary": "Marie Dorin Habert ( born 19 June 1986 ) is a retired French biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexis_Bœuf", "summary": "Alexis Bœuf ( born 4 March 1986 in Chambéry ) is a retired French biathlete . First World Cup podium was in Antholz-Anterselva Individual 21 January 2010 . He won Presque Isle pursuit in February 2011 , his only World Cup victory . He announced his retirement during the 2014-15 season after the sprint in Hochfilzen ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2012", "summary": "The 45th Biathlon World Championships were held in Ruhpolding , Germany , from 1 to 11 March 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Tora Berger Synnøve Solemdal Ole Einar Bjørndalen Emil Hegle Svendsen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tora_Berger", "summary": "Tora Berger ( born 18 March 1981 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete and Olympic champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Synnøve_Solemdal", "summary": "Synnøve Solemdal ( born 15 May 1989 ) is a Norwegian biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ole_Einar_Bjørndalen", "summary": "Ole Einar Bjørndalen ( born 27 January 1974 ) is a retired Norwegian professional biathlete and coach , often referred to by the nickname , the King of Biathlon . With 13 Winter Olympic Games medals , he is second on the list of multiple medalists behind Marit Bjørgen who has won 15 medals . He is also the most successful biathlete of all time at the Biathlon World Championships , having won 45 medals , more than double that of any other biathlete except Martin Fourcade . With 95 World Cup wins , Bjørndalen is ranked first all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour , more than twice that of anyone else but Fourcade . He has won the Overall World Cup title six times , in 1997-98 , in 2002-03 , in 2004-05 , in 2005-06 , in 2007-08 and in 2008-09 . In 1992 , he won his first career medal at the junior world championships . A year later in 1993 , after winning three junior world championship titles , a medal haul only previously achieved by Sergei Tchepikov , Bjørndalen made his Biathlon World Cup debut . His breakthrough came in 1994 when he featured on his first World Cup podium in a sprint race held in Bad Gastein , Austria . Bjørndalen first competed in the Olympic Games at the Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics , held in his home country of Norway . He obtained his first major victory on 11 January 1996 in an individual competition held in Antholz-Anterselva , Italy . On 20 February 2014 , Bjørndalen was elected to an eight-year term at the International Olympic Committee 's athlete commission . He resigned from this role in 2016 as he elected to continue his career ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "Slovenia Andreja Mali Teja Gregorin Klemen Bauer Jakov Fak", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Slovenia", "summary": "Slovenia ( /sloʊˈviːniə , slə-/ ( listen ) sloh-VEE-nee-ə ; Slovene : Slovenija [ slɔˈʋèːnija ] ) , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : Republika Slovenija ( help·info ) , abbr . : RS ) , is a country located in Europe at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . Slovenia covers 20,273 square kilometers ( 7,827 sq mi ) and has a population of 2.084 million . One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia , Slovenia is now a parliamentary republic and member nation of the European Union , United Nations , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . Slovenia has a mostly mountainous terrain with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral , which has a sub-Mediterranean climate , and of the Julian Alps in the northwest , which have an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven . Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic , Germanic , and Romance languages and cultures ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andreja_Mali", "summary": "Andreja Mali ( born November 17 , 1977 in Kamnik , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a former Slovenian biathlete and former cross-country skier ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Teja_Gregorin", "summary": "Teja Gregorin ( born 29 June 1980 in Ljubljana , SFR Yugoslavia ) is a retired Slovenian biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Klemen_Bauer", "summary": "Klemen Bauer ( born 9 January 1986 in Ljubljana , Slovenia ) is a Slovenian biathlete . Bauer represented Slovenia at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics , where he finished 4th in the sprint event . At the 2012 World Championships , Bauer won the silver medal at the mixed relay , together with Andreja Mali , Teja Gregorin and Jakov Fak ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jakov_Fak", "summary": "Jakov Fak ( born 1 August 1987 ) is a biathlete born in Croatia and competing for Slovenia since 2010 . As a member of the Croatian biathlon team , Fak won bronze medals at the 2009 World Championships and at the 2010 Winter Olympics where he was also the Croatian flag bearer at the opening ceremony . In 2010 , Fak switched his citizenship and started competing for Slovenia . With the Slovenian team , Fak won four medals at the World Championships , including two gold , and a silver medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics . In addition , Fak has eight victories in the World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Andrea Henkel Magdalena Neuner Andreas Birnbacher Arnd Peiffer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrea_Henkel", "summary": "Andrea Burke , née Henkel ( born December 10 , 1977 ) is a retired German professional biathlete and the younger sister of Manuela Henkel , a successful cross-country skier . She trained at SV Großbreitenbach . Andrea Henkel started out as a cross-country skier but later specialised in biathlon when women 's biathlon became an Olympic sport . Since the 1998/99 season , she was a regular member of the German team in the Biathlon World Cup . After several top-ten results , she could win her first World Cup event in 1999 , her second year . She was most successful in the 2006/07 season , which she finished first in the overall standings . Henkel has won four Olympic medals : one gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics in the 15 km individual , and a gold ( 2002 ) , silver ( 2006 ) and bronze ( 2010 ) medal in relay competitions . She is also the first biathlete to become world champion in each individual event : 2005 in the 15 km individual , 2007 in the 12.5 km mass start , and 2008 in the 7.5 km sprint and subsequent 10 km pursuit . She has won a total of eight gold , six silver and two bronze medals at world championships . She retired from the sport at the end of the 2013/14 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Magdalena_Neuner", "summary": "Magdalena Lena Neuner ( since her 2014 marriage legally Magdalena Holzer , born 9 February 1987 ) is a retired German professional biathlete . She is the most successful woman of all time at Biathlon World Championships and a two-time Olympic gold medalist . At the age of 21 , she became the youngest Overall World Cup winner in the history of the International Biathlon Union ( IBU ) . With 34 World Cup wins , Neuner is ranked second all-time for career victories on the Biathlon World Cup tour . She has won the Overall World Cup title three times , in 2007-08 , in 2009-10 and her final season in 2011-12 . Neuner retired from the sport in March 2012 , citing a lack of motivation and her desire for a normal life . Neuner started biathlon when she was nine years old and won five junior world championship titles from 2004 to 2006 . She made her World Cup debut in 2006 and won her first World Cup race in January 2007 . One month later , she claimed three gold medals in her first appearance at the Biathlon World Championships . In the 2007-08 season , Neuner won the Overall World Cup and once more claimed three titles at the 2008 World Championships . After a less successful winter in 2008-09 , she participated in her first Winter Olympic Games in 2010 , winning the gold medal in both the pursuit and the mass start , and silver in the sprint race . Neuner also claimed the 2009-10 Overall World Cup title ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andreas_Birnbacher", "summary": "Andreas Birnbacher ( born 11 September 1981 ) is a former German biathlete . His biggest successes were the silver medal in the mass start event at the 2007 World Championships and the gold medal in the mixed relay at the 2008 World Championships . He also won the bronze medal at the 2012 world championships in Ruhpolding when he was part of the German teams that finished third in the mixed relay and the men 's relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arnd_Peiffer", "summary": "Arnd Peiffer ( born 18 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . His greatest successes so far are the victories in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the Biathlon World Championships 2011 in the sprint . In addition , he won as a relay member three more World Cup gold medals ." } ] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2013", "summary": "The 46th Biathlon World Championships was held in Nové Město na Moravě , Czech Republic , from 7 to 17 February 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Tora Berger ( 3 ) Synnøve Solemdal Tarjei Bø Emil Hegle Svendsen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tora_Berger", "summary": "Tora Berger ( born 18 March 1981 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete and Olympic champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Synnøve_Solemdal", "summary": "Synnøve Solemdal ( born 15 May 1989 ) is a Norwegian biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Emil_Hegle_Svendsen", "summary": "Emil Hegle Svendsen ( born 12 July 1985 ) is a retired Norwegian biathlete . He has won eight medals at Winter Olympics ( four gold ) and five individual gold medals and seven relay gold medals at World Championships . He skis with Trondhjems Skiskyttere , based in Trondheim ." } ] }, { "value": "France Marie-Laure Brunet Marie Dorin Habert Alexis Bœuf Martin Fourcade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie-Laure_Brunet", "summary": "Marie-Laure Brunet ( born 20 November 1988 in Lannemezan , Hautes-Pyrénées ) is a retired French biathlete and Olympic athlete who won a bronze medal in the women 's pursuit at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games of Vancouver . Brunet made her Biathlon World Cup debut in March 2007 at Kontiolahti , shortly after winning a gold medal in the individual event at the Youth World Championships . During her career she developed a reputation as one of the most accurate shooters on the biathlon circuit . Brunet announced her retirement in June 2014 after suffering health problems , including collapsing during the relay at the 2014 Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie_Dorin_Habert", "summary": "Marie Dorin Habert ( born 19 June 1986 ) is a retired French biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexis_Bœuf", "summary": "Alexis Bœuf ( born 4 March 1986 in Chambéry ) is a retired French biathlete . First World Cup podium was in Antholz-Anterselva Individual 21 January 2010 . He won Presque Isle pursuit in February 2011 , his only World Cup victory . He announced his retirement during the 2014-15 season after the sprint in Hochfilzen ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Czech Republic Veronika Vítková Gabriela Soukalová Jaroslav Soukup Ondřej Moravec", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Czech_Republic", "summary": "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Veronika_Vítková", "summary": "Veronika Vítková ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈvɛronɪka ˈviːtkovaː ] ; born on 9 December 1988 ) is a Czech biathlete . She comes from a family of skiers and switched from cross-country to biathlon at age 10 . She competed for the Czech Republic at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics . At the 2014 Winter Olympics , together with Ondřej Moravec , Jaroslav Soukup and Gabriela Soukalová , she won a silver medal in the Mixed relay . At the 2018 Winter Olympics she won the bronze medal in the 7.5 km sprint event ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gabriela_Soukalová", "summary": "Gabriela Koukalová , née Soukalová ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈɡabrɪjɛla ˈkoukalovaː/ˈsoukalovaː ] , born 1 November 1989 ) is a former Czech biathlete . She won two Olympic silver medals at the 2014 Sochi Games and she is a two-time World Championship winner , gold medalist at the 2015 Kontiolahti in mixed relay and gold medalist at 2017 Hochfilzen in 7.5 km sprint . In the 2015/2016 World Cup season she was overall champion , and she has also taken six discipline Crystal Globes : the 2013/2014 individual title , the 2015/2016 sprint , pursuit and mass-start titles , and the 2016/17 sprint and mass start titles ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jaroslav_Soukup", "summary": "Jaroslav Soukup ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈjaroslaf ˈsoukup ] , born 12 July 1982 ) is a retired Czech biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ondřej_Moravec", "summary": "Ondřej Moravec ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈondr̝ɛj ˈmoravɛts ] ; born 9 June 1984 ) is a Czech biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2015", "summary": "The 47th Biathlon World Championships was held in Kontiolahti , Finland from 5 March to 15 March 2015 . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2014-15 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Czech Republic Veronika Vítková Gabriela Soukalová Michal Šlesingr Ondřej Moravec", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Czech_Republic", "summary": "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Veronika_Vítková", "summary": "Veronika Vítková ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈvɛronɪka ˈviːtkovaː ] ; born on 9 December 1988 ) is a Czech biathlete . She comes from a family of skiers and switched from cross-country to biathlon at age 10 . She competed for the Czech Republic at the 2010 , 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics . At the 2014 Winter Olympics , together with Ondřej Moravec , Jaroslav Soukup and Gabriela Soukalová , she won a silver medal in the Mixed relay . At the 2018 Winter Olympics she won the bronze medal in the 7.5 km sprint event ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gabriela_Soukalová", "summary": "Gabriela Koukalová , née Soukalová ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈɡabrɪjɛla ˈkoukalovaː/ˈsoukalovaː ] , born 1 November 1989 ) is a former Czech biathlete . She won two Olympic silver medals at the 2014 Sochi Games and she is a two-time World Championship winner , gold medalist at the 2015 Kontiolahti in mixed relay and gold medalist at 2017 Hochfilzen in 7.5 km sprint . In the 2015/2016 World Cup season she was overall champion , and she has also taken six discipline Crystal Globes : the 2013/2014 individual title , the 2015/2016 sprint , pursuit and mass-start titles , and the 2016/17 sprint and mass start titles ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Michal_Šlesingr", "summary": "Michal Šlesingr [ ˈmɪxal ˈʃlɛsɪŋɡr̩ ] ( listen ) ( born 3 February 1983 ) is a Czech biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ondřej_Moravec", "summary": "Ondřej Moravec ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈondr̝ɛj ˈmoravɛts ] ; born 9 June 1984 ) is a Czech biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "France Anaïs Bescond Marie Dorin Habert Jean-Guillaume Béatrix Martin Fourcade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anaïs_Bescond", "summary": "Anaïs Bescond ( born 15 May 1987 ) is a French biathlete and non-commissioned officer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie_Dorin_Habert", "summary": "Marie Dorin Habert ( born 19 June 1986 ) is a retired French biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jean-Guillaume_Béatrix", "summary": "Jean-Guillaume Béatrix ( born 24 March 1988 ) is a retired French biathlete who has competed since 2005 till 2018 . He was won the silver medal in the relay at the World Championships in 2012 and 2013 , as well as the bronze in the Pursuit at the 2014 Olympics at Sochi . Béatrix has had four podium finishes in World Cup races in individual races ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Fanny Welle-Strand Horn Tiril Eckhoff Johannes Thingnes Bø Tarjei Bø", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fanny_Horn_Birkeland", "summary": "Fanny Horn Birkeland ( née Fanny Welle-Strand Horn ; born 8 March 1988 ) is a Norwegian former biathlete . She competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2011 , where she placed sixth in the relay with the Norwegian team . In January 2015 , she won her first race in the 7.5 km sprint in Ruhpolding , Germany ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tiril_Eckhoff", "summary": "Tiril Kampenhaug Eckhoff ( born 21 May 1990 ) is a Norwegian biathlete who represents Fossum IF . She is an Olympic champion , winning the Mixed Relay at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics , and also won a bronze in the Mass start , a feat she repeated at the 2018 Winter Olympics . Eckhoff is also a two-time gold medallist from the 2016 Biathlon World Championships in Oslo where she won both the relay and an individual gold in the 7.5 sprint . She is the sister of fellow biathlete Stian Eckhoff ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Johannes_Thingnes_Bø", "summary": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( born 16 May 1993 ) is a Norwegian biathlete . He represents Markane IL [ no ] and is the younger brother of biathlete Tarjei Bø ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." } ] }, { "value": "2016", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2016", "summary": "The 48th Biathlon World Championships was held in Oslo , Norway from 3 to 13 March 2016 . There were 11 competitions in total : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also counted towards the Biathlon World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "France Anaïs Bescond Marie Dorin Habert Quentin Fillon Maillet Martin Fourcade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anaïs_Bescond", "summary": "Anaïs Bescond ( born 15 May 1987 ) is a French biathlete and non-commissioned officer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie_Dorin_Habert", "summary": "Marie Dorin Habert ( born 19 June 1986 ) is a retired French biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Quentin_Fillon_Maillet", "summary": "Quentin Fillon Maillet ( born 16 August 1992 ) is a French biathlete . He competed in the 2014/15 world cup season , and represented France at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 in Kontiolahti ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Franziska Preuß Franziska Hildebrand Arnd Peiffer Simon Schempp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Franziska_Preuß", "summary": "Franziska Preuß ( also spelled Preuss , born 11 March 1994 ) is a German biathlete . Preuß started in her first world cup races in the 2013/14-season after winning two medals at the last European Championships , three medals at the Junior World Championships and 3 gold medals ( 4 in total ) at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics . In 2014 , she is going to participate in the Winter Olympics in Sochi . She was officially nominated by the DOSB on 23 January 2014 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Franziska_Hildebrand", "summary": "Franziska Hildebrand ( born 24 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . Hildebrand started in her first world cup races in the 2011/12-season after winning three medals at the two previous European Championships . In 2014 , she participated in the Winter Olympics in Sochi . She was officially nominated by the DOSB on 23 January 2014 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arnd_Peiffer", "summary": "Arnd Peiffer ( born 18 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . His greatest successes so far are the victories in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the Biathlon World Championships 2011 in the sprint . In addition , he won as a relay member three more World Cup gold medals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Simon_Schempp", "summary": "Simon Schempp ( born 14 November 1988 ) is a German biathlete . In 2009 , he made his World Cup debut . He became world champion by winning gold in the 15km mass start race at the Biathlon World Championships 2017 in Hochfilzen . He also won three more gold medals , two for being part of the German Biathlon World Championships 2010 mixed relay team in Khanty-Mansiysk and the German Biathlon World Championships 2017 mixed relay team in Hochfilzen , and one gold medal as part of the German Biathlon World Championships 2015 men 's relay team in Kontiolahti . He also competed for Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics , finishing fifth as part of the German team in the men 's relay ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Marte Olsbu Tiril Eckhoff Johannes Thingnes Bø Tarjei Bø", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marte_Olsbu_Røiseland", "summary": "Marte Olsbu Røiseland ( born 7 December 1990 ) is a Norwegian biathlete and Winter Olympic silver medallist . She resides in Froland . She competed in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 World Cup seasons , and represented Norway at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 and Biathlon World Championships 2016 . During the Biathlon World Championships 2016 in Oslo she won a bronze medal in the mixed relay and raced the final leg when Norway won the gold in the relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tiril_Eckhoff", "summary": "Tiril Kampenhaug Eckhoff ( born 21 May 1990 ) is a Norwegian biathlete who represents Fossum IF . She is an Olympic champion , winning the Mixed Relay at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics , and also won a bronze in the Mass start , a feat she repeated at the 2018 Winter Olympics . Eckhoff is also a two-time gold medallist from the 2016 Biathlon World Championships in Oslo where she won both the relay and an individual gold in the 7.5 sprint . She is the sister of fellow biathlete Stian Eckhoff ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Johannes_Thingnes_Bø", "summary": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( born 16 May 1993 ) is a Norwegian biathlete . He represents Markane IL [ no ] and is the younger brother of biathlete Tarjei Bø ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tarjei_Bø", "summary": "Tarjei Bø ( born 29 July 1988 ) is a Norwegian professional biathlete . Bø debuted in the Biathlon World Cup on 26 March 2009 in Khanty-Mansiysk , Russia , and won his first World Cup victory on 10 December 2010 . In the 2010 Winter Olympics he earned his first gold medal in the 4 × 7.5 km biathlon relay . On 10 December 2010 he won the sprint race in Hochfilzen , earning his first world cup victory . He also won the following pursuit race and anchored the winning relay team . Bø is the older brother of biathlete Johannes Thingnes Bø . He won the overall 2010/11 biathlon World Cup . He finished five points ahead of his teammate Emil Hegle Svendsen ." } ] }, { "value": "2017", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2017", "summary": "The 49th Biathlon World Championships was held from 9 to 19 February 2017 in Hochfilzen , Austria . There were a total of 11 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and mixed relay . All the events during this championships also count for the Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Vanessa Hinz Laura Dahlmeier Arnd Peiffer Simon Schempp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vanessa_Hinz", "summary": "Vanessa Hinz ( born 24 March 1992 ) is a German biathlete and former cross-country skier . Hinz started in her first world cup races at the end of the 2012/13-season . At the 2013 European Championships she won a gold medal with the German relay team . In 2014 , she participated in the Winter Olympics in Sochi . She was officially nominated by the DOSB on 23 January 2014 , but not taken with the team to Russia . So she had to wait at home as stand-by reserve ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Laura_Dahlmeier", "summary": "Laura Dahlmeier ( born 22 August 1993 ) is a retired German biathlete . Dahlmeier started in her first world cup races in the 2012/13 season . In 2014 , she participated in the Winter Olympics in Sochi . She won a record of five gold medals at the World Championships of 2017 . In 2018 she became the first woman to win the biathlon sprint and pursuit in the same Olympics.As of 2019 , she has won a total of two golds and one bronze at the Olympics , seven gold medals , three silver medals and five bronze medals at World Championships , one overall World Cup and two discipline World Cup titles . Dahlmeier announced her retirement from competition in May 2019 , at the age of 25 . On Friday 18 October 2019 , she released her first book , titled `` Die Klima Gang : Laura Dahlmeier und Freunde im Einsatz für die Natur '' , which she co-authored ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arnd_Peiffer", "summary": "Arnd Peiffer ( born 18 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . His greatest successes so far are the victories in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the Biathlon World Championships 2011 in the sprint . In addition , he won as a relay member three more World Cup gold medals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Simon_Schempp", "summary": "Simon Schempp ( born 14 November 1988 ) is a German biathlete . In 2009 , he made his World Cup debut . He became world champion by winning gold in the 15km mass start race at the Biathlon World Championships 2017 in Hochfilzen . He also won three more gold medals , two for being part of the German Biathlon World Championships 2010 mixed relay team in Khanty-Mansiysk and the German Biathlon World Championships 2017 mixed relay team in Hochfilzen , and one gold medal as part of the German Biathlon World Championships 2015 men 's relay team in Kontiolahti . He also competed for Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics , finishing fifth as part of the German team in the men 's relay ." } ] }, { "value": "France Anais Chevalier Marie Dorin Habert Quentin Fillon Maillet Martin Fourcade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anais_Chevalier", "summary": "Anaïs Chevalier-Bouchet ( born 12 February 1993 ) is a French biathlete . She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , in the women 's sprint and women 's pursuit ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marie_Dorin_Habert", "summary": "Marie Dorin Habert ( born 19 June 1986 ) is a retired French biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Quentin_Fillon_Maillet", "summary": "Quentin Fillon Maillet ( born 16 August 1992 ) is a French biathlete . He competed in the 2014/15 world cup season , and represented France at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 in Kontiolahti ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Fourcade", "summary": "Martin Fourcade ( born 14 September 1988 ) is a French biathlete and sous-lieutenant . He is a five-time Olympic champion , a twelve-time World Champion and a seven-time winner of the Overall World Cup . As of February 2018 , he is the most successful French Olympian of all time . Fourcade is the all-time biathlon record holder of overall World Cup titles with seven big crystal globes and he 's also the all-time record holder of the most consecutive Major Championships titles with at least one non-team gold medal in all the last eight Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Russia Olga Podchufarova Tatiana Akimova Alexandr Loginov Anton Shipulin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russia", "summary": "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Olga_Podchufarova", "summary": "Olga Vladimirovna Podchufarova ( Russian : О́льга Влади́мировна Подчуфарова ; born 5 August 1992 ) is a retired Russian biathlete . She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , where she placed 49th in the individual competition ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tatiana_Akimova", "summary": "Tatiana Sergeyevna Akimova , née Semenova ( Russian : Татьяна Сергеевна Акимова ; born 26 October 1990 ) is a Russian biathlete . She competes in the Biathlon World Cup , and represents Russia at the Biathlon World Championships 2016 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Loginov_(biathlon)", "summary": "Alexander Viktorovich Loginov ( Russian : Александр Викторович Логинов ; born 31 January 1992 ) is a Russian biathlete . He began his career in 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Shipulin", "summary": "Anton Vladimirovich Shipulin ( Russian : Антон Владимирович Шипулин , born 21 August 1987 ) is a retired Russian biathlete and politician serving as the member of the State Duma since 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "2019", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2019", "summary": "The Biathlon World Championships 2019 took place in Östersund , Sweden , from 6 to 17 March 2019 . There were a total of 12 competitions : sprint , pursuit , individual , mass start , and relay races for men and women , and two mixed relay races . The single mixed relay was on the program of the World Championships for the first time . All the events during this championships also counted for the 2018-19 Biathlon World Cup season ." } ] }, { "value": "Norway Marte Olsbu Røiseland Tiril Eckhoff Johannes Thingnes Bø Vetle Sjåstad Christiansen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marte_Olsbu_Røiseland", "summary": "Marte Olsbu Røiseland ( born 7 December 1990 ) is a Norwegian biathlete and Winter Olympic silver medallist . She resides in Froland . She competed in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 World Cup seasons , and represented Norway at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 and Biathlon World Championships 2016 . During the Biathlon World Championships 2016 in Oslo she won a bronze medal in the mixed relay and raced the final leg when Norway won the gold in the relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tiril_Eckhoff", "summary": "Tiril Kampenhaug Eckhoff ( born 21 May 1990 ) is a Norwegian biathlete who represents Fossum IF . She is an Olympic champion , winning the Mixed Relay at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics , and also won a bronze in the Mass start , a feat she repeated at the 2018 Winter Olympics . Eckhoff is also a two-time gold medallist from the 2016 Biathlon World Championships in Oslo where she won both the relay and an individual gold in the 7.5 sprint . She is the sister of fellow biathlete Stian Eckhoff ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Johannes_Thingnes_Bø", "summary": "Johannes Thingnes Bø ( born 16 May 1993 ) is a Norwegian biathlete . He represents Markane IL [ no ] and is the younger brother of biathlete Tarjei Bø ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vetle_Sjåstad_Christiansen", "summary": "Vetle Sjåstad Christiansen ( born 12 May 1992 ) is a Norwegian biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany Vanessa Hinz Denise Herrmann Arnd Peiffer Benedikt Doll", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vanessa_Hinz", "summary": "Vanessa Hinz ( born 24 March 1992 ) is a German biathlete and former cross-country skier . Hinz started in her first world cup races at the end of the 2012/13-season . At the 2013 European Championships she won a gold medal with the German relay team . In 2014 , she participated in the Winter Olympics in Sochi . She was officially nominated by the DOSB on 23 January 2014 , but not taken with the team to Russia . So she had to wait at home as stand-by reserve ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Denise_Herrmann", "summary": "Denise Herrmann ( born 20 December 1988 ) is a German cross-country skier and biathlete . She has competed in FIS Cross-Country World Cup since 2009 . Herrmann has won several medals at the World Cup events . In April 2016 she announced that she would switch to competing in biathlon for the following season although in an interview in November of that year she did not rule out competing in cross-country skiing in future ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Arnd_Peiffer", "summary": "Arnd Peiffer ( born 18 March 1987 ) is a German biathlete . His greatest successes so far are the victories in the 2018 Winter Olympics and the Biathlon World Championships 2011 in the sprint . In addition , he won as a relay member three more World Cup gold medals ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Benedikt_Doll", "summary": "Benedikt Doll ( born 24 March 1990 ) is a German biathlete . He competed in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 World Cup seasons , and represented Germany at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 in Kontiolahti ." } ] }, { "value": "Italy Lisa Vittozzi Dorothea Wierer Lukas Hofer Dominik Windisch", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lisa_Vittozzi", "summary": "Lisa Vittozzi ( born 4 February 1995 ) is an Italian biathlete . She competes in the Biathlon World Cup , Vittozzi has won a bronze medal at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 in Kontiolahti ( 4x6 km relay ) . At the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics she won the bronze medal in the Mixed relay ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dorothea_Wierer", "summary": "Dorothea Wierer Corradini ( Italian : [ doroˈtɛːa ˈviːrer korraˈdiːni ] , German : [ doʁoˈteːa ˈviːʁɐ ] ; born 3 April 1990 ) is an Italian biathlete competing in the Biathlon World Cup . Together with Karin Oberhofer , Dominik Windisch and Lukas Hofer she won a bronze medal in the Mixed relay at the 2014 Winter Olympics , in Sochi , Russia . At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea she won again the bronze medal in the Mixed relay with Lisa Vittozzi , Lukas Hofer and Dominik Windisch . Wierer has won her first Biathlon World Championships medal placing third in the Women 's relay together with Nicole Gontier , Michela Ponza and Karin Oberhofer at the Biathlon World Championships 2013 in Nové Město na Moravě , which was the first ever medal for Italian women at the Biathlon World Championships . At the 2019 Championships in Östersund she won the Gold medal in the 12.5 km Mass Start , also a first for Italian women in Biathlon . She has currently won 6 medals in total , including 1 Gold , 2 Silvers and 3 Bronzes . At the start of the 2015-16 season , Wierer recorded the first win in her career in the Biathlon World Cup in Östersund and as of 1 December 2019 , Wierer has finished on the podium twenty-nine times with eight wins . She has also finished on the podium in twenty relays , including five victories . She has won the 2018-19 Overall World Cup ( first Italian to do so , including men ) and she has also won 2 disciplines cup , the 2015-16 Individual World Cup and the 2018-19 Pursuit World Cup . In February 2019 , Wierer was the third biathlete ( after French Martin Fourcade and Marie Dorin Habert ) to achieve a victory in every [ A ] biathlon discipline ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lukas_Hofer", "summary": "Lukas Hofer ( born 30 September 1989 ) is an Italian biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dominik_Windisch", "summary": "Dominik Windisch ( born 6 November 1989 ) is an Italian biathlete ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Mixed -- Mixed Relay ( 2 × 6 km + 2 × 7.5 km )", "section_text": "This event was first held in 2005 , at the Biathlon World Cup finals in Khanty-Mansiysk . In 2005 the women biathletes did the first two legs , and the men did the following two , while in 2006 the sequence was woman–man–woman–man . At the Biathlon World Championships 2007 in Antholz , the sequence was women–women–man–man . The men ski legs of 7.5 km ( in 2005–06 : 6 km ) and the women ski 6 km each . From 2007 only one team per nation is allowed to compete .", "uid": "Biathlon_World_Championships_12", "intro": "The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint BWCHs. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_(Japan)", "title": "List of Virtual Console games for Wii (Japan)", "header": [ "Title", "Publisher", "Release Date", "CERO" ], "data": [ { "value": "Emeraldia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emeraldia", "summary": "Emeraldia [ a ] is a puzzle arcade game released by Namco in 1993 worldwide ; it runs on the company 's NA-1 hardware ( NA-2 hardware for international releases ) , and was the eighth game from them to allow scores not ending in 0 as well as the third of this type that did not use a Yamaha YM2151 for its music . On March 26 , 2009 , it was re-released on the Wii 's Virtual Console - and the Stars ( from Cosmo Gang the Puzzle ) also appear during the game 's Normal mode , but this time they will eliminate every block of the colour that they land on . The Ojama Blocks in Versus mode also have the face of Gerochan , the frog from Super World Court ; they will appear upon the other player 's side of the screen when one player eliminates a lot of blocks at once ( their dolphin will blow up a beach ball and bounce it over to the other side during this time ) and can not be eliminated ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "March 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gaplus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaplus", "summary": "Gaplus [ a ] is a fixed shooter arcade game that was released by Namco in 1984 as a sequel to 1981 's Galaga . In the US a modification kit was later released to change the name to Galaga 3 , possibly to increase recognition , even though there was no Galaga 2 . It was the only other game to run on Namco Phozon hardware . A contemporary home port for the Commodore 64 was released in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "March 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Return of Ishtar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Return_of_Ishtar", "summary": "The Return of Ishtar [ a ] is an action role-playing arcade game released by Namco in 1986 . It runs on Namco System 86 hardware and is the sequel to The Tower of Druaga , which was released two years earlier . It is the second game in the company 's Babylonian Castle Saga series , and was later ported to the MSX , NEC PC-8801 , FM-7 , and Sharp X68000 platforms . It was also translated in Namco Museum Volume 4 for the PlayStation ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "March 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Solvalou", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Solvalou", "summary": "Solvalou [ a ] is a 1991 first-person rail shooter arcade game developed and published in Japan by Namco . The sixth entry in the Xevious series , the player takes control of the Solvalou starship from a first-person perspective as it must destroy the Xevious forces before they take control of Earth . The Solvalou has two weapon types : an air zapper to destroy air-based enemies , and a blaster bomb to destroy ground-stationed enemies . It ran on the Namco System 21 arcade board . Solvalou was advertised as a hyper-entertainment machine for its sit-down cabinet design and 3D shooting gameplay . The game is named after the starship the player controls in the series . Although it proved to be a commercial failure , Solvalou was well-received by critics for its realism , 3D graphics and impressive hardware capabilities , with some finding it to be better than Namco 's previous 3D arcade titles . It was digitally re-released for the Japanese Wii Virtual Console in 2009 as one of the first titles under the Virtual Console Arcade brand . A home port for the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer was announced in 1994 but never released ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "March 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Space Harrier", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Space_Harrier", "summary": "Space Harrier ( Japanese : スペースハリアー , Hepburn : Supēsu Hariā ) is a third-person rail shooter developed by Sega Enterprises and released in December 1985 . Originally conceived as a realistic military-themed game played in the third-person perspective and featuring a player-controlled fighter jet , technical and memory restrictions resulted in Sega developer Yu Suzuki redesigning it around a jet-propelled human character in a fantasy setting . With an analog flight stick and a cockpit-style cabinet that tilted and rolled during play , it was advertised by Sega as a taikan ( body sensation ) arcade game . Critically praised for its innovative graphics and gameplay , Space Harrier is often ranked among Suzuki 's best works . It has made several crossover appearances in other Sega titles , while PlatinumGames director Hideki Kamiya cited it as an inspiration for his entering the video game industry . Space Harrier has been ported to over twenty different home computer and gaming platforms , either by Sega or outside developers such as Dempa in Japan and Elite Systems in North America and Europe . Two home-system sequels followed in Space Harrier 3-D and Space Harrier II ( both released in 1988 ) , and the arcade spinoff Planet Harriers ( 2000 ) . A polygon-based remake of the original game was released by Sega for the PlayStation 2 as part of their Sega Ages series in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "March 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Star Force", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Star_Force", "summary": "Star Force ( スターフォース , Sutā Fōsu ) , released in North America by Video Ware in the arcades as Mega Force , is a vertically scrolling shooter released in 1984 by Tehkan ." } ] }, { "value": "Tecmo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tecmo", "summary": "Tecmo Co. , Ltd. ( テクモ株式会社 , Tekumo kabushikigaisha ) , was a Japanese video game corporation founded in 1967 . It had its headquarters in Kudankita , Chiyoda , Tokyo . Its subsidiary , Tecmo Inc , was located in Torrance , California . Tecmo is known for the Star Force , Dead or Alive , Ninja Gaiden , Deception , Monster Rancher , Rygar , Tecmo Bowl , Fatal Frame and Gallop Racer video game series . When it was still called Tehkan , the company released arcade games such as Bomb Jack and Tehkan World Cup . The company was founded on July 31 , 1967 as a supplier of cleaning equipment . By 1969 , it started to sell amusement equipment . In 2009 , Tecmo merged with Koei to form the holding company Tecmo Koei Holdings and was operated as a subsidiary until its disbandment in early 2010 . In April 2010 , Tecmo was dissolved and its video game franchises are now published by Koei Tecmo Games . Tecmo is also the name of a distinct video game development company that was established in March 2010 , but later folded into Koei Tecmo Games in April 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "March 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Genpei Tōma Den", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Genpei_Tōma_Den", "summary": "Genpei Tōma Den ( 源平討魔伝 , Genpei Tōma Den , The Genji and Heike Tale of the Demon 's Demise or The Genpei Tale of the Demon Slayer ) is a side-scrolling beat 'em up produced by Namco that was released as a coin-operated video game in 1986 in Japan . It runs on Namco System 86 hardware . Over a decade later , the game was released in America and Europe in the video game compilation Namco Museum Vol . 4 under the title of The Genji and the Heike Clans ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "March 31 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cosmo Gang the Puzzle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pac-Attack", "summary": "Pac-Attack [ a ] , also known as Pac-Panic , [ b ] is a 1993 falling-tile puzzle video game developed and published by Namco for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis . Versions for the Game Boy , Game Gear and Philips CD-i were also released . The player is tasked with clearing out blocks and ghosts without them stacking to the top of the playfield - blocks can be cleared by matching them in horizontal rows , while ghosts can be cleared by placing down a Pac-Man piece that can eat them . It is the first game in the Pac-Man series to be released exclusively for home platforms . Pac-Attack is an adaptation of the 1992 game Cosmo Gang the Puzzle , which was released for arcades in Japan and North America and the Super Famicom in Japan . Music was composed by Hiromi Shibano with cover art designed by Greg Martin . To promote the game 's release , a contest was held in GameFan magazine that awarded cash prizes to players who submitted their highest scores . Critical reception for the game was mixed ; while some disliked its lack of replay value and inferiority to games such as Tetris and Columns , others praised it for its addictiveness and clever usage of the traditional Pac-Man gameplay . It has been ported to several systems and included in a number of Pac-Man and Namco compilations for multiple platforms ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "April 7 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Space Invaders", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Space_Invaders", "summary": "Space Invaders ( Japanese : スペースインベーダー , Hepburn : Supēsu Inbēdā ) is a 1978 arcade game created by Tomohiro Nishikado . It was manufactured and sold by Taito in Japan , and licensed in the United States by the Midway division of Bally . Within the shooter genre , Space Invaders was the first fixed shooter and set the template for the shoot 'em up genre . The goal is to defeat wave after wave of descending aliens with a horizontally moving laser to earn as many points as possible . Space Invaders was an immediate commercial success ; by 1982 , it had grossed $ 3.8 billion , with a net profit of $ 450 million , making it the best-selling video game and highest-grossing entertainment product at the time . Adjusted for inflation , the many versions of the game are estimated to have grossed over $ 13 billion in total revenue as of 2016 , making it the highest-grossing video game of all time . Space Invaders is considered one of the most influential video games of all time . It helped expand the video game industry from a novelty to a global industry , and ushered in the golden age of arcade video games . It was the inspiration for numerous video games and game designers across different genres , and has been ported and re-released in various forms . The 1980 Atari VCS version quadrupled sales of the VCS , thereby becoming the first killer app for video game consoles . More broadly , the pixelated enemy alien has become a pop culture icon , often representing video games as a whole . Designer Nishikado drew inspiration from games like 1976 's ball-bouncing game Breakout and the 1975 shooter game Gun Fight , as well as science fiction narratives such as The War of the Worlds , Space Battleship Yamato , and Star Wars ." } ] }, { "value": "Taito", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taito", "summary": "Taito Corporation ( 株式会社タイトー , Kabushiki gaisha Taitō ) is a Japanese company that specializes in video games , toys , arcade cabinets and game centers , based out of Shinjuku , Tokyo . The company was founded by Michael Kogan in 1953 as the Taito Trading Company , importing vodka , vending machines and jukeboxes into Japan . It would begin production of video games in 1973 . In 2005 , Taito was purchased by Square Enix , becoming a wholly owned subsidiary by 2006 . Taito is recognized as an important player in the early days of video games , producing several hit games such as Space Invaders , Bubble Bobble , Arkanoid , and Darius . Alongside Konami , Namco and Sega , it is one of the most prominent video game companies from Japan and the first that exported its games into other countries . Several of its games have since been recognized as important and revolutionary for the industry - Space Invaders in particular was a major contributor to the growth of video games in the mid-1970s , and the aliens featured in the games are seen as iconic emblems within the video game industry . The company maintains a chain of arcade centers , known as Game Taito Stations , across Japan , alongside being a manufacturer of toys , plush dolls and UFO-catcher prizes . It is currently housed in Shinjuku Bunka Quint Building in Yoyogi , Shibuya , the same building as parent company Square Enix ." } ] }, { "value": "April 7 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mappy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mappy", "summary": "Mappy [ a ] is an arcade game by Namco . First introduced in 1983 , it was distributed in the United States by Bally/Midway . Mappy is a side-scrolling platform game that features a mouse main character and cat antagonists . Mappy runs on Namco Super Pac-Man hardware , modified to support horizontal scrolling . The name Mappy is likely derived from mappō ( まっぽう ) , a Japanese ( slightly pejorative ) slang term for a policeman . The game has been re-released as part of several Namco arcade compilations ; it spawned a handful of sequels and a 2013 animated web series developed by cartoonists Scott Kurtz and Kris Straub ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "April 14 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Starblade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Starblade", "summary": "Starblade [ a ] is a 1991 3D rail shooter arcade game developed and published by Namco . Controlling the starfighter FX-01 GeoSword from a first-person perspective , the player is tasked with eliminating the Unknown Intelligent Mechanized Species ( UIMS ) before they wipe out Earth . Gameplay involves controlling a crosshair with a flight-yolk stick and destroying enemies and their projectiles before they inflict damage on the player . The game is split into two sections - the first features the player destroying the mechanized planet Red Eye , and the other destroying a mechanical fortress named Iceberg . It ran on the Namco System 21 hardware . Starblade was directed by Hajime Nakatani , with music composed by Shinji Hosoe . A successor to Namco 's Galaxian3 : Project Dragoon theme park attraction , it began as a prototype for a single-player version of that game , titled Galaxian3 : One Player Version , however poor feedback from playtesters caused it to become an original project . The team drew inspiration from Hollywood science-fiction films , particularly Star Wars , and wanted the game to have a more cinematic presentation with cutscenes and an orchestra soundtrack . Namco 's early experimentation with 3D games , such as Winning Run and Solvalou , made development of the game an easy task . The arcade cabinet featured a concave mirror to give off a sense of depth , which to test their build quality were left in the sun for a while - Nakatani recalls the mirrors becoming so hot that he was able to fry yakinikku on them . The arcade version of Starblade received critical acclaim , being praised for its 3D graphics and cinematic presentation . It is cited as an important and influential game in 3D video games , serving as inspiration for games such as Star Fox , Panzer Dragoon and Rez ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "April 21 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Numan Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Numan_Athletics", "summary": "Numan Athletics ( ニューマンアスレチックス , Nyūman Asurechikkusu ) is a sports arcade game , released by Namco in 1993 ; it runs upon the company 's NA-2 hardware , and has eight unusual ( and unbelievable ) competitions . These competitions are to test the strength and might of four mutant athletes called Numans ( Sharon Les Halles , Harry Boffin , Masaemon Nakamura , and Bongo Tembo ) - and up to four people can play simultaneously ( or , depending upon the event , alternately ) . The game later went on to spawn a sequel , Mach Breakers : Numan Athletics 2 , in 1994 ; it featured seven brand-new ( and selectable ) Numans . The other games that ran on NA-2 hardware were Knuckle Heads ( 1992 ) , Nettō ! Gekitō ! Quiz-tō ! ! ( also 1993 ) , and Ren'ai Jumyō + Nikutai Jumyō X-Day 2 ( which was released after this one , in 1995 ) - and the latter is also a sequel to Yomei Kensaku Sābisu X-Day , which was released later in 1993 ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "April 28 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yokai Dochuki", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yokai_Dochuki", "summary": "Yōkai Dōchūki [ a ] is a 1987 platform arcade game developed and released by Namco in Japan . The player controls a young boy named Tarosuke as he must make his way through Jigoku , the Japanese concept of Hell , in order to make his way to Buddha to determine his final fate . Tarosuke can fire small ki bullets at enemies to defeat them ; he can also charge them to increase their power . Enemies will drop money when defeated , which can be used to purchase weapons and other items in stores . It ran on the Namco System 1 arcade board . Yōkai Dōchūki was Namco 's very first 16-bit arcade game . A translated English version of the game is known to exist , renaming the game to Shadow Land , however it was never officially released . Upon release , Yōkai Dōchūki received a mixed to positive reception , with critics praising its protagonist and controls while criticizing its high difficulty . Ports for the PC-Engine and Family Computer were released in 1988 , as were versions for Japanese mobile phones in 2006 . In 2009 , the arcade version was ported to the Wii Virtual Console . Two spin-off games were released in 1990 , Kyūkai Dōchūki and F1 Dōchūki ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "April 28 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Tower of Druaga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Tower_of_Druaga", "summary": "The Tower of Druaga [ a ] is a 1984 action role-playing maze arcade game developed and published in Japan by Namco . Controlling the golden-armored knight Gilgamesh , the player is tasked with scaling 60 floors of the titular tower in an effort to rescue the maiden Ki from Druaga , a demon with eight arms and four legs , who plans to use an artifact known as the Blue Crystal Rod to enslave all of mankind . It ran on the Namco Super Pac-Man arcade hardware , modified with a horizontal-scrolling video system used in Mappy . Druaga was designed by Masanobu Endo , best known for creating Xevious ( 1983 ) . Inspired by games such as Wizardry and Dungeons & Dragons , it was conceived as a fantasy Pac-Man with combat and puzzle solving , taking inspiration from Sumerian , Mesopotamian and Babylonian mythology . It began as a prototype game called Quest with interlocking mazes , revised to run on an arcade system ; the original concept was scrapped due to Endo disliking the heavy use of role-playing elements , instead becoming a more action-oriented game . In Japan , The Tower of Druaga was widely successful , attracting millions of fans for its use of secrets and hidden items . It is cited as an important game of its genre for laying down the foundation for future games , as well as inspiring the idea of sharing tips with friends and guidebooks . Druaga is noted as being influential for many games to follow , including Ys , Hydlide , Dragon Slayer and The Legend of Zelda . In North America , the game was met with a more negative reception for its obtuse design , which many said was near-impossible to finish without a guidebook , alongside its high difficulty and controls . The success of the game in Japan inspired several ports for multiple platforms , as well as spawning a massive franchise known as the Babylonian Castle Saga , including multiple sequels , spin-offs , literature and an anime series produced by Gonzo ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "May 12 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cyber Sled", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cyber_Sled", "summary": "Cyber Sled ( サイバースレッド , Saibā Sureddo ) is a two-player 3D third-person shooter vehicle combat arcade video game released by Namco in 1993 . The game would later receive a sequel in 1994 , Cyber Commando ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "May 19 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Splatterhouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Splatterhouse", "summary": "Splatterhouse ( スプラッターハウス , Supurattāhausu ) is a beat 'em up arcade game developed and published by Namco . It is also subsequently the title of a series of games released in home console and personal computer formats . The game was heavily influenced by American slasher films and the works of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft , and is a homage to the violent horror films of the 1980s . Due to its violent nature as well as some questionable enemies , the TurboGrafx-16 port of Splatterhouse had a parental advisory warning printed on the front of the box that read , The horrifying theme of this game may be inappropriate for young children . and cowards ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "May 26 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hopping Mappy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hopping_Mappy", "summary": "Hopping Mappy ( ホッピングマッピー , Hoppingu Mappī ) is an arcade game which was released by Namco in 1986 . It runs on Namco System 86 hardware , and , as the name suggests , it is the sequel to Mappy , which was released three years earlier . The game was ported to the Wii Virtual Console in Japan on June 2 , 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "June 2 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Altered Beast", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Altered_Beast", "summary": "Altered Beast [ a ] is a 1988 beat 'em up arcade game developed and manufactured by Sega . The game is set in Ancient Greece and follows a player character resurrected by Zeus to rescue his daughter Athena from the ruler of the underworld , Neff . Through the use of power-ups , the player character can assume the form of different magical beasts . After its initial arcade release , it was ported to several home video game consoles and home computers , including the Sega Genesis , for which it was a pack-in game . The game was developed by Makoto Uchida , who developed the game as his first project as a lead developer . Uchida and his team used the System 16 arcade system board for its graphical capabilities with sprites . Altered Beast was ported numerous times in addition to its Genesis conversion , including for the Master System by Sega and to several computer systems and video game consoles by various third parties . Altered Beast 's arcade release and its various ports have all received mixed reviews . The game has been rereleased several times for various consoles and as part of video game compilations . Two sequels to the game have been developed ." } ] }, { "value": "Sega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sega", "summary": "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "June 2 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "B", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Assault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Assault_(1988_video_game)", "summary": "Assault [ a ] is a 1988 multi-directional shooter arcade game developed and published by Namco . It was licensed to Atari Games for release in North America . Controlling a caterpillar-tread tank , the player is tasked with completing each of the game 's eleven stages while shooting enemies and avoiding projectiles . It uses a twin-stick control layout , similar to games such as Battlezone . The plot involves the human race searching for new planets after Earth reaches its maximum population - after discovering an exo-planet 35,000 light years away from the Milky Way , they enslave the planet 's natives and take control , leading to the natives vowing to abolish the humans and bring peace to their world . Assault was one of the first games to use the Namco System 2 arcade hardware , capable of sprite scaling and rotation . Music was composed by Shinji Hosoe while designs for the player 's tank and enemies were designed by famed Gundam artist Kunio Ogawara . Assault would be included in the compilation game Namco Museum Vol . 4 for the PlayStation in 1997 , and would later be released for the Japanese Wii Virtual Console in 2009 . Upon release , Assault was met with favorable reviews , with critics applauding the game 's graphics , controls and usage of sprite-scaling . Several would call it one of the best titles included in Namco Museum Vol . 4 ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "June 9 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wonder Momo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wonder_Momo", "summary": "Wonder Momo [ a ] is a 1987 beat 'em up arcade game that was developed and published by Namco exclusively in Japan . It was the company 's last 8-bit arcade game ( and the last that ran upon their System 86 hardware ) , and was ported to the PC-Engine in 1989 , with both versions of the game later ported to the Wii Virtual Console . The game was also included in Namco Museum Encore for the Sony PlayStation and mobile on June 2005 . Wonder Momo inspired a webcomic series in 2012 , an anime miniseries in February 2014 , and a sequel game by WayForward Technologies in May 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Namco Bandai Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Namco_Bandai_Games", "summary": "Bandai Namco Entertainment , Inc. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher , headquartered in Minato-ku , Tokyo . Its international branches , Bandai Namco Entertainment America and Bandai Namco Entertainment Europe , are respectively headquartered in Santa Clara , California and Lyon , France . It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Bandai Namco Entertainment was formed on March 31 , 2006 , following a corporate merge between Namco and Bandai on September 29 of the previous year . Originally known as Namco Bandai Games , they merged both Bandai Games and Namco Networks in January to create a North America division , Namco Bandai Games America . Namco Bandai Games absorbed Banpresto 's video game division in 2008 , and dissolving Bandai Networks in 2009 . Development operations were spun-off into a new company in 2012 , Namco Bandai Studios , to help create faster development time and tighter cohesion between development teams . The company was renamed to Bandai Namco Games in 2014 and Bandai Namco Entertainment , their current name , in 2015 . Bandai Namco Entertainment produces several multi-million-selling video game franchises , including Pac-Man , Galaxian , Gundam , Tales , Tekken , Soulcalibur , Ace Combat and Taiko no Tatsujin , and is the third largest video game publisher in Japan by revenue and the seventh in the world . The company also owns the licenses to several Japanese media franchises such as Dragon Ball , One Piece and Naruto . It is the core development area of the Bandai Namco Group 's Content Strategic Business Unit ( Content SBU ) , and the main video game branch of Bandai Namco Holdings ." } ] }, { "value": "June 16 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Available titles -- Virtual Console Arcade", "section_text": "There were 78 games available .", "uid": "List_of_Virtual_Console_games_for_Wii_(Japan)_8", "intro": "The following is the complete list of the 659 Virtual Console titles that were available for the Wii in Japan sorted by system and release dates. English translations are highlighted between parenthesis. The final update was on April 9, 2013 as the service has been discontinued in all regions while games are currently being added to the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console and Wii U Virtual Console services. Nintendo plans to discontinue the Wii Shop Channel. Purchasing of Wii Points for new games ended on March 26, 2018. In addition, the ability to purchase new software ended on January 31, 2019. Re-downloading purchased software is available, however Nintendo announced it will shut that facility down at a later date." }